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From: |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy not-ipr.zh-cn.html po/not-ipr.zh... |
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Date: |
Sat, 5 Aug 2017 02:00:45 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 17/08/05 02:00:45
Modified files:
philosophy : not-ipr.zh-cn.html
philosophy/po : not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html not-ipr.zh-cn.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
Patches:
Index: not-ipr.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- not-ipr.zh-cn.html 9 Nov 2016 09:01:50 -0000 1.24
+++ not-ipr.zh-cn.html 5 Aug 2017 06:00:44 -0000 1.25
@@ -1,25 +1,13 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po">
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn-diff.html"
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-07-22" -->
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html" -->
+
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
- <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html" -->
-
-<title>è¿å¨ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯åï¼å®åªæ¯çä¸å»å¾ç¾
- GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ </title>
+<title>è¿å¨ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯åï¼å®åªæ¯çä¸å»å¾ç¾
- GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ (FSF)</title>
-<!-- Fixed by hand on August 20, 2014:
- - disable top addendum,
- - partially update footer.
--->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-cn.html" -->
-
<h2>è¿å¨ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯åï¼å®åªæ¯çä¸å»å¾ç¾</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼</a> è</p>
@@ -33,8 +21,8 @@
<p>
æç
§ç°ä»»èäºæ¯å¦ç¦å¤§å¦æ³å¦é¢ç Mark Lemley
ææç说æ³ï¼“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸æ¯è¯çæµè¡å§äº 1967
å¹´ä¸çç¥è¯äº§æç»ç»ï¼WIPOï¼æç«ä¹åãæè¿å
年对è¿ä¸ªè¯æ±ç使ç¨åè¶æ¥è¶é¢ç¹ãï¼ä¸çç¥è¯äº§æç»ç»ä»å±äºèåå½ï¼ä½å®é
ä¸å´æ¯ä»£è¡¨ççæãä¸å©ååæ ææè
çå©çãï¼å¹¿æ³ä½¿ç¨è¯¥è¯å¤§çº¦è¦è¿½æº¯å°<a
-href="http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1";>1990å¹´</a>ä¸ä¸ãï¼<a
-href="http://www.gnu.org/graphics/seductivemirage.png";>æ¬å°æªå¾</a>ï¼
+href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=1&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cintellectual%20property%3B%2Cc0";>1990å¹´å·¦å³</a>ãï¼<a
+href="/graphics/seductivemirage.png">æ¬å°æªå¾</a>ï¼
</p>
<p>
@@ -46,12 +34,12 @@
æè
æ¯ç±»æ¾ä¸ªæ¿æ¢çè¯ï¼ä¸è¿è¿å¤åæ¯å¼ç©ç¬ï¼ãæ¯å¦æè¿ä¹ä¸äºå»ºè®®ï¼“强è¡åæç¹æ”ï¼Imposed
Monopoly
Priviledges,
IMPï¼ï¼“æ¿çæ§åæ³å¼ºå¶åæ”ï¼Government-Originated
Legally
Enforced Monopolies,
GOLEMï¼ãè¿æ人建议说毓æä»æ§æå©å”ï¼exclusive
rights
-regimesï¼ï¼ä¸è¿ä¸è¯´èµ·é嶓æå©”è¿äºï¼é£å°±åå¾æ¥ä¸ªåéææ³äºï¼<a
-href="#TransNote1">è¯æ³¨1</a>ï¼ã
+regimesï¼ï¼ä¸è¿ä¸è¯´èµ·é嶓æå©”è¿äºå¿ï¼é£å°±åå¾æ¥ä¸ªåéææ³<sup><a
+href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>äºã
</p>
<p>
-è¿äºæ¿ä»£è¯å¾å¾æ¯åè¯æäºä¸å°çæ¹è¿ãä¸è¿æ
论“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯æ¢æä»ä¹ï¼é½æ¯ä¸ªé误ãå纯æ¢ä¸ªè¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸è½è§£å³æ·±å±æ¬¡çé®é¢ï¼è¿åº¦æ¦æ¬ãè¿ä¸çä¸åæ
¹å°±æ²¡æè¿ä¹ä¸ç§æåå¨ä¸èµ·çï¼å«å“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çä¸è¥¿ãé£å°±æ¯æµæµ®äºã人们ä¹æ以è§å¾çæãä¸å©ãåæ
è¿æé£äºå
¶ä»ä¸è¥¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªææºçæ´ä½ï¼æ°æ°æ¯å
为æ®éå°ä½¿ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯æ带æ¥ç误导ã
+è¿äºæ¿ä»£è¯å¾å¾æ¯åè¯æäºä¸å°çæ¹è¿ãä¸è¿æ
论“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯æ¢æä»ä¹ï¼é½æ¯ä¸ªé误ãå纯æ¢ä¸ªè¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸è½è§£å³æ·±å±æ¬¡çé®é¢ï¼è¿åº¦æ¦æ¬ãè¿ä¸çä¸åæ
¹å°±æ²¡æè¿ä¹ä¸ç§æåå¨ä¸èµ·çï¼å«å“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çä¸è¥¿ãé£å°±æ¯æµæµ®äºã人们ä¹æ以è§å¾çæãä¸å©ãåæ
è¿æé£äºå
¶ä»ä¸è¥¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªææºçæ´ä½ï¼æ°æ°æ¯å
为æ®éå°ä½¿ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯å¯¹ç¸å
³æ³å¾é
æäºè¯¯å¯¼ã
</p>
<p>
@@ -63,11 +51,11 @@
</p>
<p>
-çææ³è¢«è®¾è®¡ç¨ä»¥é¼å±åæ¨å¨åä½åææ¯ãå®è¦çäºæ´ä¸ªåä½å®ç°çæ¯ä¸ªç»èãä¸å©æ³åæå¨æ¨è¿å®ç¨åæçåå¸ãéè¿å¨ä¸å®æ¶æå
ï¼èµäºåæè
对该åæçåææï¼æ¥è¾¾å°æ¤ç®ç—è¿ä¸åææå¨æäºé¢åå¯è½æ¯å¼å¾ç»çï¼èæäºé¢åä¸åä¸å¼å¾ã
+æ¯å¦ï¼çææ³è¢«è®¾è®¡ç¨ä»¥é¼å±åæ¨å¨åä½åææ¯ãå®è¦çäºæ´ä¸ªåä½å®ç°çæ¯ä¸ªç»èãä¸å©æ³åæå¨æ¨è¿å®ç¨åæçåå¸ãéè¿å¨ä¸å®æ¶æå
ï¼èµäºåæè
对该åæçåææï¼æ¥è¾¾å°æ¤ç®ç—è¿ä¸åææå¨æäºé¢åå¯è½æ¯å¼å¾ç»çï¼èæäºé¢åä¸åä¸å¼å¾ã
</p>
<p>
-ç¸åï¼åæ
æ³åä¸æ¯ç¨ä»¥æ¨å¨ä»ä¹ç¹æ®æ´»å¨ãå®åªæ¯ç¨æ¥è®©æ¶è´¹è
们ç¥éèªå·±ä¹°äºä»ä¹ãèç«æ³è
们ç±äºè¢«“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸ªè¯å½±åï¼è®¤ä¸ºåæ
æ³æ¯ç¨ä»¥æ¨å¨å¹¿åå®£ä¼ çã
+ç¸åï¼åæ
æ³åä¸æ¯ç¨ä»¥æ¨å¨ä»ä¹ç¹æ®æ´»å¨ãå®åªæ¯ç¨æ¥è®©æ¶è´¹è
们ç¥éèªå·±ä¹°äºä»ä¹ãèç«æ³è
们ç±äºè¢«“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸ªè¯å½±åï¼è®¤ä¸ºåæ
æ³æ¯ç¨ä»¥æ¨å¨å¹¿å宣ä¼
çãè¿äºè¿åªæ¯è¯¥è¯ææ¶åçä¼å¤æ³å¾ä¸çä¸ä¸ªä¾åã
</p>
<p>
@@ -75,7 +63,19 @@
</p>
<p>
-人们说“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çæ¶åï¼å¾å¾æ¯æ代çä¸äºæ´å¤§æè
æ´å°çé¢åãæ¯å¦è¯´ï¼ä¸äºå¯å¼ºçå½å®¶å¾å¾ç»è´«å°å½å®¶å¼ºå
ä¸äºä¸å¹³ççæ³å¾ï¼ä»ä¸æ¦¨åå©çãè¿å
¶ä¸æäºå°±æ¯æè°ç“ç¥è¯äº§æ”æ³ï¼è¿æä¸äºåä¸æ¯ãå¯æ¯æ¹è¯äººå£«æ»æ¯å欢æç“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çæ
ç¾å°å¤ä¹±è´´ï¼å 为ä»ä»¬æ´çæè¿äºå
容ãå¨ä½¿ç¨çè¿ç¨ä¸ï¼ä»ä»¬å¾å¾é误å°è§£è¯»äºè¿äºé®é¢ãè¿æ¶åå°±éè¦äºæ´å®½æ³çè¯ï¼æ¯å¦“æ³å¾æ®æ°”ï¼è¿æç®æ¯è¯´å°ç¹ä¸ã
+å®é
ä¸ï¼å ä¹ä½ çå°çææä½¿ç¨ “ç¥è¯äº§æ”
çä¸è¬æ§éè¿°é½æ¯é误çãæ¯å¦ï¼ä½ ä¼çå°å£°ç§°
“该诔
+çç®çæ¯ “æ¨å¨åæ°” ç说æ³ï¼ä½æ¯åæ°ä»
éç¨äºä¸å©æ³ï¼æ许è¿éç¨äºæ¤ç©åç§åææ³<sup><a
+href="#TransNote2">2</a></sup>ãçææ³æ å
³åæ°ï¼å³ä½¿æ²¡æä»»ä½åæ°å
ç´ ï¼æµè¡ææ²æç
é书ä¹å
·æçæãåæ æ³ä¹æ å
³åæ°ï¼å¦ææå¼äºä¸ä¸ªå«å
+“rms tea”
+çè¶åºï¼é£ä¹è¯¥ååæ¯åæ ï¼æ 论ææ¯å¦åå«äººä¸æ
·åè¶ãè´¸æç§å¯æ³ä¹æ å
³åæ°ï¼è³å¤ä¹åªæ¯æ²¾è¾¹ï¼æçè¶åºå®¢æ·ååä¹ç®è´¸æç§å¯ï¼ä½è¿ååæ°æ¯«æ
å
³ç³»ã</p>
+
+<p>
+ä½ è¿ä¼çå°å£°ç§° “ç¥è¯äº§æ” å
³ä¹ “åé å”
+ç说æ³ï¼ä½å®é
ä¸åé åä»
éç¨äºçææ³ãä¸å©åæçè¦æ±ä¸ä»
ä»
æ¯åé åãåæ
æ³åè´¸æç§å¯æ³ä¹æ å
³åé å３rms tea”
+è¿ä¸ªååæ ¹æ¬ä¸éè¦åé
åï¼æçè¶åºå®¢æ·ååä¹ä¸éè¦åé åã</p>
+
+<p>
+人们说“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çæ¶åï¼å¾å¾æ¯æ代çä¸äºæ´å¤§æè
æ´å°ç±»å«çæ³å¾ãæ¯å¦è¯´ï¼ä¸äºå¯å¼ºçå½å®¶å¾å¾ç»è´«å°å½å®¶å¼ºå
ä¸äºä¸å¹³ççæ³å¾ï¼ä»ä¸æ¦¨åå©çãè¿å
¶ä¸æäºå°±æ¯æè°ç“ç¥è¯äº§æ”æ³ï¼è¿æä¸äºåä¸æ¯ãå¯æ¯æ¹è¯äººå£«æ»æ¯å欢æç“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çæ
ç¾å°å¤ä¹±è´´ï¼å 为ä»ä»¬æ´çæè¿äºå
容ãå¨ä½¿ç¨çè¿ç¨ä¸ï¼ä»ä»¬å¾å¾é误å°è§£è¯»äºè¿äºé®é¢çå®è´¨ãè¿æ¶åå°±éè¦äºæ´åç¡®çè¯ï¼æ¯å¦“æ³å¾æ®æ°”ï¼è¿æç®æ¯è¯´å°ç¹åä¸ã
</p>
<p>
@@ -115,66 +115,121 @@
</p>
<p>
+æç» “ç¥è¯äº§æ” ä¸ä»
ä»
æ¯å²å¦å¼çæ¶é£ãè¿ä¸ªè¯çå®æ害ãApple 使ç¨å®æ¥ <a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/11/nebraska-farmers-right-to-repair-bill-stalls-apple";>æªæ²å
³äº
+Nebraska ç “ç»´ä¿®æå©”
æ³æ¡</a>ãè¿ä¸ªèåçæ¦å¿µä½¿å¾ Apple
+è½å¤å¨å客æ·åçæçå²çªæ¶ï¼è£
æ®ææ´æ¿æä¿å®åä¸ç§å¯çæ
·åï¼è迫使客æ·åæ¿åºå±æã</p>
+
+<p>
åå¦ä½ å¸ææ¸
æ°å°æèä¸å©é®é¢ãçæé®é¢ãåæ
é®é¢ææ¯å
¶ä»æ³å¾ç¸å
³çé®é¢ï¼é£ä¹ç¬¬ä¸æ¥è¦åçï¼å°±æ¯å°è¯ä¸è¦æå®ä»¬æ
åå¨ä¸èµ·ï¼åºè¯¥æå®ä»¬å½ä½ä¸åçé®é¢ï¼åå¼å¯¹å¾
ã第äºæ¥ï¼åæ¯è¦æç»æ¥å籓ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯æè¿°çé£ä¸ªçéå纯çä¸çãä¸åé®é¢åºå对å¾
ï¼æ¯ä¸ç¹é½èèå°ï¼è¿æ ·ä½
ææå¯è½å¯¹å®ä»¬ææ´æ·±å»ç认è¯ã
</p>
<p>å¦å¤ï¼è¿ä¹æ¯æ¶åå»æ¹åä¸çç¥è¯äº§æç»ç»ï¼WIPOï¼äºï¼è¿éæ<a
href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>ä¸ä»½è¦æ±ä»ä»¬æ´åçææ¡</a>ã
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>
+è¿å¯ä»¥åé
<a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">Komongistan
çå¥ç¹åå²ï¼æç ´
+“ç¥è¯äº§æ” çæ¦å¿µ)</a>ã
</p>
+<p>
+éæ´²çå½å®¶æ´è±¡è¿äºæ³å¾ï¼å¹¶ä¸ “éæ´²” ä¹æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ¸
æ°çå°çæ¦å¿µï¼å°½ç®¡å¦æ¤ï¼<a
+href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";> è°è®º
+“éæ´²”
èä¸æ¯ç¹ææ个éæ´²å½å®¶è¿æ¯ä¼å¯¼è´è®¸å¤å°æ</a>ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a
+href="http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>Rickard
+Falkvinge æ¯æåºé¤è¯¥æ¯è¯</a>ã</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2016/11/cory-doctorow-sole-and-despotic-dominion/";>Cory
+Doctorow ä¹è®¤ä¸ºç¥è¯äº§æ</a> è¿ä¸æ¯è¯ “ä¸å½ã”</p>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
-<b>è¯æ³¨</b>
+<h3>è¯æ³¨</h3>
<ol>
<li
id="TransNote1">åéææ³ï¼doublethinkãæºèªä¹æ²»Â·å¥¥ç»´å°çå°è¯´ãä¸ä¹å
«åããç¹æåæ¶æ¥åäºä¸¤ç§ç¸äºçç¾çææ³ã</li>
+<li id="TransNote2">æ¤ç©åç§åææ³ï¼Plant Variety
Monopolyãç¨æ¥ä¿æ¤è²ç§ä¸å©åç§æ¤ä¸å©çæ³å¾ã</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
<div id="footer">
<div class="unprintable">
-<p>
-请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ä¸ GNU
çæ¥è¯¢ä¸é®é¢ï¼ä»¥è±è¯ï¼åéå°<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ãæ¨ä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿<a
-href="/contact/">å
¶å®æ¹æ³</a>èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ã
-åç°ä»»ä½é误åé¾æ¥æå
¶å®éè¦æ´æ£çå°æ¹ï¼æä»»ä½å»ºè®®ï¼ï¼è¯·åéé®ä»¶è³<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã
-</p>
-
-<p>
+<p>请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) & GNU çä¸è¬æ§ &
é®é¢åéå°<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ãä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a
+href="/contact/">å
¶ä»èç³»æ¹æ³</a>
èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)ãæå
³å¤±æé¾æ¥æå
¶ä»é误å建议ï¼è¯·åéé®ä»¶å°<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç<a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯æå</a>è·åæå
³åè°åæ交翻è¯çç¸å
³äºé¡¹ã
-</p>
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯é¡»ç¥</a>è·åæå
³åè°åæ交翻è¯çç¸å
³äºé¡¹ã</p>
</div>
-<p>
-Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010 Richard M. Stallman
-<br />
-æ¬æéç¨<a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>CCç½²å-ç¦æ¢æ¼ç»åè®®ç¾å½3.0ç</a>ææ
-</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 Richard
+M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>æ¬é¡µé¢åºäº <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> ææã</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-<b>ç¿»è¯ï¼</b>éæ¥ 2010<br />
-<b>å®¡æ ¡ï¼</b>æå¡å¸ 2010</div>
-
+<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼éæ¥ ï¼2010ã
+<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>ï¼æå¡å¸ï¼2010ã
+<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";><CTT></a>ï¼2017ã</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
-æåæ´æ°
+æåæ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2016/11/09 09:01:50 $
+$Date: 2017/08/05 06:00:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html 28 Feb 2013 19:12:49 -0000 1.13
+++ po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html 5 Aug 2017 06:00:45 -0000 1.14
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<title>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<title>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<h2>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage</h2>
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@
Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in recent
years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents the
interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.) Wide use
dates from
-<a
href="http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1";>around
+<a
href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=1&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cintellectual%20property%3B%2Cc0";>around
1990</a>. (<a href="/graphics/seductivemirage.png">Local image copy</a>)
</p>
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@
overgeneralization. There is no such unified thing as
“intellectual property”—it is a mirage. The only
reason people think it makes sense as a coherent category is that
-widespread use of the term has misled them.
+widespread use of the term has misled them about the laws in question.
</p>
<p>
@@ -73,11 +75,12 @@
</p>
<p>
-Copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art, and covers
-the details of expression of a work. Patent law was intended to
-promote the publication of useful ideas, at the price of giving the
-one who publishes an idea a temporary monopoly over it—a price
-that may be worth paying in some fields and not in others.
+For instance, copyright law was designed to promote authorship and
+art, and covers the details of expression of a work. Patent law was
+intended to promote the publication of useful ideas, at the price of
+giving the one who publishes an idea a temporary monopoly over
+it—a price that may be worth paying in some fields and not in
+others.
</p>
<p>
@@ -85,7 +88,8 @@
way of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are
buying. Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual
property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides
-incentives for advertising.
+incentives for advertising. And these are just
+three out of many laws that the term refers to.
</p>
<p>
@@ -96,15 +100,37 @@
</p>
<p>
+In practice, nearly all general statements you encounter that are
+formulated using “intellectual property” will be false.
+For instance, you'll see claims that “its” purpose is to
+“promote innovation”, but that only fits patent law and
+perhaps plant variety monopolies. Copyright law is not concerned with
+innovation; a pop song or novel is copyrighted even if there is
+nothing innovative about it. Trademark law is not concerned with
+innovation; if I start a tea store and call it “rms tea”,
+that would be a solid trademark even if I sell the same teas in the
+same way as everyone else. Trade secret law is not concerned with
+innovation, except tangentially; my list of tea customers would be a
+trade secret with nothing to do with innovation.</p>
+
+<p>
+You will also see assertions that “intellectual property”
+is concerned with “creativity”, but really that only fits
+copyright law. More than creativity is needed to make a patentable
+invention. Trademark law and trade secret law have nothing to do with
+creativity; the name “rms tea” isn't creative at all, and
+neither is my secret list of tea customers.</p>
+
+<p>
People often say “intellectual property” when they really
-mean some larger or smaller category. For instance, rich countries
+mean some larger or smaller set of laws. For instance, rich countries
often impose unjust laws on poor countries to squeeze money out of
-them. Some of these laws are “intellectual property” laws,
-and others are not; nonetheless, critics of the practice often grab
-for that label because it has become familiar to them. By using it,
-they misrepresent the nature of the issue. It would be better to use
-an accurate term, such as “legislative colonization”, that
-gets to the heart of the matter.
+them. Some of these laws are among those called “intellectual
+property” laws, and others are not; nonetheless, critics of the
+practice often grab for that label because it has become familiar to
+them. By using it, they misrepresent the nature of the issue. It
+would be better to use an accurate term, such as “legislative
+colonization”, that gets to the heart of the matter.
</p>
<p>
@@ -126,9 +152,9 @@
<p>
That statement refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US
Constitution, which authorizes copyright law and patent law. That
-clause, though, has nothing to do with trademark law or various
-others. The term “intellectual property” led that
-professor to make false generalization.
+clause, though, has nothing to do with trademark law, trade secret
+law, or various others. The term “intellectual property”
+led that professor to make a false generalization.
</p>
<p>
@@ -181,6 +207,15 @@
</p>
<p>
+Rejection of “intellectual property” is not mere
+philosophical recreation. The term does real harm. Apple used it
+to <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/11/nebraska-farmers-right-to-repair-bill-stalls-apple";>warp
debate about Nebraska's
+“right to repair” bill</a>. The bogus concept gave
+Apple a way to dress up its preference for secrecy, which conficts
+with its customers' rights, as a supposed principle that customers
+and the state must yield to.</p>
+
+<p>
If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, or
copyrights, or trademarks, or various other different laws, the first
step is to
@@ -194,46 +229,93 @@
<p>And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a
href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>one proposal for
changing the name and substance of WIPO</a>.
-
</p>
-</div>
-<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+
+<hr />
<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+See also <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">The Curious History of
+Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a>.
</p>
<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
+Countries in Africa are a lot more similar than these laws, and
+“Africa” is a coherent geographical concept; nonetheless,
+<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>
+talking about “Africa” instead of a specific country
+causes lots of confusion</a>.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010 Richard M. Stallman
-<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+<a
href="http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>
+Rickard Falkvinge supports rejection of this term</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a
+href="http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2016/11/cory-doctorow-sole-and-despotic-dominion/";>
+Cory Doctorow also condemns</a> the term “intellectual
+property.”</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<p>Updated:
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/02/28 19:12:49 $
+$Date: 2017/08/05 06:00:45 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po 5 Aug 2017 05:29:15 -0000 1.26
+++ po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po 5 Aug 2017 06:00:45 -0000 1.27
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
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