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www gnu/po/manifesto.cs.po philosophy/po/dat.cs...
|
From: |
Therese Godefroy |
|
Subject: |
www gnu/po/manifesto.cs.po philosophy/po/dat.cs... |
|
Date: |
Wed, 1 Feb 2017 12:02:16 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Therese Godefroy <th_g> 17/02/01 12:02:15
Added files:
gnu/po : manifesto.cs.po
philosophy/po : dat.cs.po freedom-or-power.cs.po
free-software-for-freedom.cs.po
linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po microsoft-old.cs.po
no-word-attachments.cs.po
patent-reform-is-not-enough.cs.po
protecting.cs.po reevaluating-copyright.cs.po
rms-nyu-2001-transcript.cs.po
shouldbefree.cs.po university.cs.po
software/po : gethelp.cs.po
testimonials/po: testimonials.cs.po
Log message:
GNUNify + partial trivial update.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/dat.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-old.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/protecting.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/university.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/gethelp.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/testimonials/po/testimonials.cs.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: gnu/po/manifesto.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/manifesto.cs.po
diff -N gnu/po/manifesto.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/manifesto.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:14 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1456 @@
+# Czech translation of http://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: manifesto.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-06-02 12:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date:\n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2004-01-17 16:02+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "The GNU Manifesto - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "GNU Manifest â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The GNU Manifesto"
+msgstr "GNU Manifest"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by <a
+# | href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> [-at the beginning
+# | of the GNU Project,-] {+in 1985+} to ask for [-participation and support.
+# | For-] {+support in developing+} the [-first few years,-] {+GNU operating
+# | system. Part of the text was taken from the original announcement of
+# | 1983. Through 1987,+} it was updated in minor ways to account for
+# | [-developments, but now-] {+developments; since then,+} it seems best to
+# | leave it [-unchanged as most people have seen it.-] {+unchanged.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by <a href=\"http://";
+#| "www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a> at the beginning of the GNU "
+#| "Project, to ask for participation and support. For the first few years, "
+#| "it was updated in minor ways to account for developments, but now it "
+#| "seems best to leave it unchanged as most people have seen it. "
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by <a href=\"http://www.";
+"stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a> in 1985 to ask for support in "
+"developing the GNU operating system. Part of the text was taken from the "
+"original announcement of 1983. Through 1987, it was updated in minor ways "
+"to account for developments; since then, it seems best to leave it unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"NásledujÃcà GNU Manifest byl napsán <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/";
+"\">Richardem Stallmanem</a> na zaÄátku projektu GNU jako žádost o pomoc a
"
+"podporu. NÄkolik prvnÃch let byl obnovován tak, aby odpovÃdal vývoji,
ale "
+"nynà se zdá nejlepÅ¡Ã nechat jej nezmÄnÄný tak, jak jej zná vÄtÅ¡ina
lidÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that "
+"different wording could help avoid. Footnotes added since 1993 help clarify "
+"these points."
+msgstr ""
+"Vyskytla se Äastá nedorozumÄnÃ, kterým lze zabránit použÃvánÃm
odlišného "
+"názvoslovÃ. Od roku 1993 byly pÅidány poznámky pod Äarou, aby
vysvÄtlily "
+"tyto problémy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-For up-to-date information about-]{+If you want to install the GNU/Linux
+# | system, we recommend you use one of+} the [-available GNU software,
+# | please-] {+<a href=\"/distros\">100% free software GNU/Linux
+# | distributions</a>. For how to contribute,+} see [-our-] <a
+# | [-href=\"/software/software.html\">list of software</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"/help/help.html\">http://www.gnu.org/help</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please see "
+#| "our <a href=\"/software/software.html\">list of software</a>."
+msgid ""
+"If you want to install the GNU/Linux system, we recommend you use one of the "
+"<a href=\"/distros\">100% free software GNU/Linux distributions</a>. For "
+"how to contribute, see <a href=\"/help/help.html\">http://www.gnu.org/help</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktuánà informace o dostupném GNU softwaru najdete na našem v <a href=\"/"
+"software/software.html\">seznamu software</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Project is part of the Free Software Movement, a campaign for <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">freedom for users of software</a>. It is "
+"a mistake to associate GNU with the term “open source”—"
+"that term was coined in 1998 by people who disagree with the Free Software "
+"Movement's ethical values. They use it to promote an <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"open-source-misses-the-point.html\">amoral approach</a> to the same field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!"
+msgstr "Co je to GNU? GNU Nenà Unix!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete Unix-"
+"compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away "
+"free to everyone who can use it.<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> Several other "
+"volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money, programs and "
+"equipment are greatly needed."
+msgstr ""
+"Zkratka GNU znamená Gnu's Not Unix. Je to jméno kompletnÃho softwarového "
+"systému kompatibilnÃho s Unixem, který pÃÅ¡i proto, abych ho dal
svobodnÄ k "
+"dispozici každému, kdo ho chce použÃvat. <a href=\"#f1\">[1]</a>
Pomáhajà mi "
+"také nÄkteÅà dalÅ¡Ã dobrovolnÃci. PÅÃspÄvky ve formÄ Äasu, penÄz,
programů a "
+"vybavenà jsou též vÃtány."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor commands, a "
+"source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator, a linker, and "
+"around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is nearly completed. A "
+"new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled itself and may be released "
+"this year. An initial kernel exists but many more features are needed to "
+"emulate Unix. When the kernel and compiler are finished, it will be "
+"possible to distribute a GNU system suitable for program development. We "
+"will use TeX as our text formatter, but an nroff is being worked on. We "
+"will use the free, portable X Window System as well. After this we will add "
+"a portable Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other "
+"things, plus online documentation. We hope to supply, eventually, "
+"everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more."
+msgstr ""
+"Již máme textový editor Emacs s jazykem Lisp pro psanà pÅÃkazů
editoru, "
+"debugger, parser generator kompatibilnà s yacc a pÅibližnÄ 35 utilit.
Shell "
+"(interpreter pÅÃkazů) je témÄÅ hotov. Nový pÅenositelný
optimalizujÃcà "
+"pÅekladaÄ jazyka C již kompiluje sám sebe a může být zveÅejnÄn
jeÅ¡tÄ tento "
+"rok. Existuje i prvnà verze jádra, bude vÅ¡ak tÅeba jeÅ¡tÄ hodnÄ práce,
aby "
+"bylo možno emulovat Unix. V okamžiku kdy bude jádro s pÅekladaÄem
dokonÄeno, "
+"můžeme distribuovat GNU systém vhodný pro vývoj programů. Pro sázenÃ
textů "
+"budeme použÃvat TeX, ale pracujeme i na programu nroff. Také chceme
použÃvat "
+"pÅenositelný, volnÄ dostupný X Window System. Potom pÅidáme Common
Lisp, hru "
+"Empire, tabulkový kalkulátor a stovky dalÅ¡Ãch vÄcà spolu s online "
+"dokumentacÃ. Doufáme, že nakonec dodáme vÅ¡e užiteÄné ze systému Unix
a jeÅ¡tÄ "
+"vÃce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to Unix. "
+"We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our experience "
+"with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to have longer file "
+"names, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, file name completion "
+"perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and perhaps eventually a Lisp-"
+"based window system through which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix "
+"programs can share a screen. Both C and Lisp will be available as system "
+"programming languages. We will try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and "
+"Internet protocols for communication."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU bude umožÅovat použÃvánà programů pro Unix, nebude vÅ¡ak shodné s
Unixem. "
+"Na základÄ naÅ¡ich zkuÅ¡enostà s jinými operaÄnÃmy systémy se
pokusÃme "
+"vytvoÅit vhodná vylepÅ¡enÃ. Plánujeme zejména ÄÃsla verzà a delÅ¡Ã
názvy u "
+"souborů, file system odolný proti chybám, doplÅovánà jmen souborů,
možná i "
+"zobrazovánà nezávislé na terminálu a pÅÃpadnÄ okennà systém
založený na "
+"jazyce Lisp, kde budou programy v Lispu spolu s Unixovými programy sdÃlet "
+"stejnou obrazovku. Oba jazyky – C a Lisp – budou použity jako "
+"systémové programovacà jazyky. PokusÃme se podporovat UUCP, MIT Chaosnet
a "
+"internetové protokoly pro komunikaci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with virtual "
+"memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run on. The extra "
+"effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left to someone who wants "
+"to use it on them."
+msgstr ""
+"ZpoÄátku budeme GNU vyvÃjet na poÄÃtaÄÃch tÅÃdy 68000/16000 s
virtuálnà "
+"pamÄtÃ, protože pro nÄ je vývoj velmi jednoduchý. Snaha portovat GNU na
"
+"menÅ¡Ã poÄÃtaÄe bude ponechána tÄm, kteÅà jej budou na dané
platformÄ "
+"použÃvat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the <em>g</em> in the word "
+"“GNU” when it is the name of this project."
+msgstr ""
+"Aby nedoÅ¡lo k nedorozumÄnÃ, vyslovujte prosÃm hlásku <em>g</em>,
použÃváte-"
+"li slovo âGNUâ jako jméno tohoto projektu. (Výslovnost v ÄeÅ¡tinÄ je
tedy "
+"[gÅú] – pozn. korek.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why I Must Write GNU"
+msgstr "ProÄ musÃm napsat GNU?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program I must "
+"share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to divide the "
+"users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share with others. I "
+"refuse to break solidarity with other users in this way. I cannot in good "
+"conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement. "
+"For years I worked within the Artificial Intelligence Lab to resist such "
+"tendencies and other inhospitalities, but eventually they had gone too far: "
+"I could not remain in an institution where such things are done for me "
+"against my will."
+msgstr ""
+"Za správné považuji pravidlo, které ÅÃká, že když se mi nÄjaký
program lÃbÃ, "
+"musÃm jej sdÃlet s ostatnÃmà lidmi. Prodejci softwaru se ale snažÃ
rozdÄlit "
+"uživatele a vládnout tak, že každý uživatel musà souhlasit s tÃm, že
program "
+"sdÃlet nebude. OdmÃtám poruÅ¡ovat solidaritu s ostatnÃmi uživateli.
Nemohu s "
+"Äistým svÄdomÃm podepsat souhlas s takovou softwarovou licencÃ. Léta
jsem "
+"pracoval v laboratoÅi pro výzkum umÄlé inteligence, abych se vyhnul
tÄmto "
+"snahám. Tyto snahy vÅ¡ak nakonec zaÅ¡ly pÅiliÅ¡ daleko a já nemohl zůstat
v "
+"instituci, kde se takové vÄci dÄly proti mé vůli."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided
+# | to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able
+# | to get along without any software that is not free. I have resigned from
+# | the AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU
+# | [-away.-] {+away.<a href=\"#f2a\">(2)</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided "
+#| "to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able "
+#| "to get along without any software that is not free. I have resigned from "
+#| "the AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU "
+#| "away."
+msgid ""
+"So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to "
+"put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to "
+"get along without any software that is not free. I have resigned from the "
+"AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away.<a "
+"href=\"#f2a\">(2)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Abych mohl dál použÃvat poÄÃtaÄe a nemusel se stydÄt, rozhodl jsem se "
+"sestavit postaÄujÃcà základ svobodného softwaru tak, abych nemusel
použÃvat "
+"žádné programy, které svobodné nejsou. Opustil jsem laboratoÅ, abych
zamezil "
+"vÅ¡em pÅÃpadným legálnÃm snahám MIT zabránit mi ve vývoji GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix"
+msgstr "ProÄ bude GNU kompatibilnà s Unixem"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unix is not my ideal system, but it is not too bad. The essential features "
+"of Unix seem to be good ones, and I think I can fill in what Unix lacks "
+"without spoiling them. And a system compatible with Unix would be "
+"convenient for many other people to adopt."
+msgstr ""
+"Podle mého názoru Unix nenà zcela ideálnà systém, ale nenà tak
špatný. "
+"Základnà vlastnosti Unixu se zdajà být spravné a myslÃm, že mohu
odstranit "
+"slabiny Unixu, aniž bych tyto vlastnosti pokazil. DomnÃvám se také, že "
+"systém kompatibilnà s Unixem může být pro mnoho lidà pÅijatelnÄjÅ¡Ã."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "How GNU Will Be Available"
+msgstr "Jak bude GNU dostupné"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to modify and "
+"redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to restrict its further "
+"redistribution. That is to say, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> modifications will not be "
+"allowed. I want to make sure that all versions of GNU remain free."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU nenà public domain. Každý bude mÃt možnost modifikovat a
redistribuovat "
+"GNU, ale nikdo nemůže omezit jeho dalÅ¡Ã rozÅ¡iÅovánÃ. To znamená, že
žádné <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">vlastnické</a> "
+"modifikace nebudou povoleny (nikdo si nesmà pÅivlastnit GNU tÃm, že by ho
"
+"modifikoval, a proto považoval za vlastnà majetek). Chci zajistit, aby "
+"všechny verze zůstaly svobodné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help"
+msgstr "ProÄ chtÄjà ostatnà programátoÅi pomoci"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have found many other programmers who are excited about GNU and want to "
+"help."
+msgstr ""
+"NaÅ¡el jsem mnoho dalÅ¡Ãch programátoru, kteÅà jsou GNU projektem
nadšeni a "
+"chtÄjà pomoci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many programmers are unhappy about the commercialization of system "
+"software. It may enable them to make more money, but it requires them to "
+"feel in conflict with other programmers in general rather than feel as "
+"comrades. The fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the "
+"sharing of programs; marketing arrangements now typically used essentially "
+"forbid programmers to treat others as friends. The purchaser of software "
+"must choose between friendship and obeying the law. Naturally, many decide "
+"that friendship is more important. But those who believe in law often do "
+"not feel at ease with either choice. They become cynical and think that "
+"programming is just a way of making money."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho programátorů je nespokojeno s komercializacà systémového softwaru.
"
+"UmožÅuje jim sice vydÄlat vÃce penÄz, vyvolává vÅ¡ak mezi nimi pocit "
+"konfliktu mÃsto kolegiálnÃho pÅátelstvÃ. PÅitom základnÃm poÄinem
pÅátelstvà "
+"mezi programátory je sdÃlenà programů. Obchodnà dohody, jak jsou nynÃ
bÄžnÄ "
+"uzavÃrány, v podstatÄ zakazujà programátorům vzájemný pÅátelský
pÅÃstup. "
+"ZákaznÃk kupujÃcà software si potom musà vybrat mezi pÅátelstvÃm a "
+"dodržovánÃm zákonů. Mnoho z nich se pÅirozenÄ rozhodne, že
pÅátelstvà je "
+"důležitÄjÅ¡Ã. Ale ti, co vÄÅà zákonům, nemajà jednoduchý výbÄr.
Zatrpknou a "
+"zaÄnou považovat programovánà pouze za cestu jak vydÄlat penÃze."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By working on and using GNU rather than proprietary programs, we can be "
+"hospitable to everyone and obey the law. In addition, GNU serves as an "
+"example to inspire and a banner to rally others to join us in sharing. This "
+"can give us a feeling of harmony which is impossible if we use software that "
+"is not free. For about half the programmers I talk to, this is an important "
+"happiness that money cannot replace."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracà na a použÃvánÃm GNU programů mÃsto proprietárnÃch programů
můžeme být "
+"pÅátelÅ¡tà ke každému a pÅitom dodržovat zákony. GNU navÃc
posloužà jako "
+"inspirace a pokyn pro dalÅ¡Ã, kteÅà se k nám chtÄjà pÅipojit se
sdÃlenÃm. To "
+"nám může dát pocit harmonie, který nenà možný pÅi použÃvánÃ
chránÄných "
+"komerÄnÃch programů. PÅibližnÄ pro polovinu programátorů, se kterými
jsem "
+"mluvil, je to důležitý pocit, který nemůže být nahrazen penÄzi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "How You Can Contribute"
+msgstr "Jak můžete pÅispÄt"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"(Nowadays, for software tasks to work on, see the <a href=\"http://fsf.org/";
+"campaigns/priority-projects\">High Priority Projects list</a> and the <a "
+"href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1\";>GNU Help Wanted list</a>, "
+"the general task list for GNU software packages. For other ways to help, see "
+"<a href=\"/help/help.html\">the guide to helping the GNU operating system</"
+"a>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money. I'm "
+"asking individuals for donations of programs and work."
+msgstr ""
+"Žádám výrobce poÄÃtaÄů o vÄnovánà poÄÃtaÄů a penÄz. Žádám
jednotlivce, aby "
+"pomohli svými programy a pracÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is that GNU will run "
+"on them at an early date. The machines should be complete, ready to use "
+"systems, approved for use in a residential area, and not in need of "
+"sophisticated cooling or power."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud darujete poÄÃtaÄe, můžete oÄekávat, že GNU tam bude brzo
fungovat. "
+"Rádi bychom, aby poÄÃtaÄe byly kompletnÃ, pÅipravené pro start
systémových "
+"programů, rozumnÄ velké k použità v obytných prostorách a aby
nevyžadovaly "
+"komplikované chlazenà nebo napájenÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have found very many programmers eager to contribute part-time work for "
+"GNU. For most projects, such part-time distributed work would be very hard "
+"to coordinate; the independently written parts would not work together. But "
+"for the particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. A "
+"complete Unix system contains hundreds of utility programs, each of which is "
+"documented separately. Most interface specifications are fixed by Unix "
+"compatibility. If each contributor can write a compatible replacement for a "
+"single Unix utility, and make it work properly in place of the original on a "
+"Unix system, then these utilities will work right when put together. Even "
+"allowing for Murphy to create a few unexpected problems, assembling these "
+"components will be a feasible task. (The kernel will require closer "
+"communication and will be worked on by a small, tight group.)"
+msgstr ""
+"NaÅ¡el jsem mnoho programátorů, kteÅà by chtÄli pracovat pro GNU na
ÄásteÄný "
+"úvazek. Pro vÄtÅ¡inu projektů to může pÅinášet problémy pÅi
koordinaci, "
+"protože nezávisle napsané Äásti nemusà spoleÄnÄ pracovat. Ale pÅi
práci na "
+"náhradÄ Unixu se tento problém nevyskytuje, protože systém obsahuje
stovky "
+"dÃlÄÃch programů, kde každý je dokumentován oddÄlenÄ. VÄtÅ¡ina
specifikacà je "
+"dána kompatibilitou s Unixem. Pokud každý napÃÅ¡e kompatibilnà náhradu
pro "
+"jednu Unixovou utilitu a udÄlá svoji práci správnÄ v originálnÃm
Unixovém "
+"systému, budou potom utility spoleÄnÄ fungovat. I pokud dovolÃme Murphymu
"
+"vytvoÅit nÄkolik neoÄekávaných problémů, spojovánà tÄchto komponent
bude "
+"stále ÅeÅ¡itelný úkol. (Jádro bude vyžadovat lepÅ¡Ã komunikaci a bude "
+"vytvoÅeno malou skupinou.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or part "
+"time. The salary won't be high by programmers' standards, but I'm looking "
+"for people for whom building community spirit is as important as making "
+"money. I view this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their "
+"full energies to working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in "
+"another way."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud zÃskám penÃze, budu moci pÅijmout nÄkolik lidà na plný nebo
ÄásteÄný "
+"úvazek. Plat nebude pÅÃliÅ¡ vysoký vzhledem k bÄžnému
programátorskému "
+"průmÄru. Hledám lidi, pro které je spoleÄné nadÅ¡enà nejménÄ tak
důležité, "
+"jako vydÄlávánà penÄz. VidÃm to jako cestu, jak umožnit nÄkolika
lidem "
+"nadÅ¡eným pro vÄc vÄnovat veÅ¡kerý Äas práci na GNU a uÅ¡etÅit je
nutnosti "
+"živit se jiným způsobem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why All Computer Users Will Benefit"
+msgstr "ProÄ budou mÃt vÅ¡ichni poÄÃtaÄovà uživatelé z GNU prospÄch"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software
+# | free, just like air.<a href=\"#f2\">([-2-]{+3+})</a>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software "
+#| "free, just like air.<a href=\"#f2\">(2)</a>"
+msgid ""
+"Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software "
+"free, just like air.<a href=\"#f2\">(3)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Jakmile bude projekt dokonÄen, každý bude moci volnÄ zÃskat dobrý
systém, "
+"stejnÄ jako vzduch. <a href=\"#f2\">[2]</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This means much more than just saving everyone the price of a Unix license. "
+"It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming effort will be "
+"avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the state of the art."
+msgstr ""
+"To znamená mnohem vÃce, než jen uÅ¡etÅenà penÄz za licenci Unixu.
Znamená to "
+"také, že bude zabránÄno zbyteÄnému mrhánà naÅ¡eho úsilÃ, které by
bylo "
+"způsobeno duplicitou pÅi programovánà systémů. Toto úsilà může být
mÃsto "
+"toho zamÄÅeno na zdokonalovánà systému."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Complete system sources will be available to everyone. As a result, a user "
+"who needs changes in the system will always be free to make them himself, or "
+"hire any available programmer or company to make them for him. Users will "
+"no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company which owns the "
+"sources and is in sole position to make changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Pro každého budou k dispozici kompletnà zdrojové kódy. Uživatel, který
bude "
+"potÅebovat zmÄny v systému, bude mÃt vždy možnost je provést sám,
pÅÃpadnÄ "
+"může najmout libovolného programátora nebo spoleÄnost, aby pro nÄj
zmÄny "
+"realizovala. Uživatelé nebudou závislà na jednom programátorovi nebo "
+"spoleÄnosti, která vlastnà zdrojové kódy a jediná může zmÄny
provádÄt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Schools will be able to provide a much more educational environment by "
+"encouraging all students to study and improve the system code. Harvard's "
+"computer lab used to have the policy that no program could be installed on "
+"the system if its sources were not on public display, and upheld it by "
+"actually refusing to install certain programs. I was very much inspired by "
+"this."
+msgstr ""
+"Å koly budou moci poskytnout mnohem lepÅ¡Ã podmÃnky pro vzdÄlávánÃ
tÃm, že "
+"budou podporovat studenty ve studiu a zdokonalovánà zdrojových kódů. "
+"Harvardská PoÄÃtaÄová laboratoÅ mÃvala pravidlo, které zakazovalo
instalaci "
+"jakéhokoliv programu, u kterého nejsou k dispozici zdrojové kódy. Toto "
+"pravidlo dodržovala odmÃtánÃm instalace urÄitých programů. Byl jsem
tÃm "
+"velmi inspirován."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Finally, the overhead of considering who owns the system software and what "
+"one is or is not entitled to do with it will be lifted."
+msgstr ""
+"KoneÄnÄ nebudeme muset zbyteÄnÄ pÅemýšlet nad tÃm, kdo vlastnÃ
systémový "
+"software a kdo vlastnÄ má Äi nemá právo jej mÄnit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Arrangements to make people pay for using a program, including licensing of "
+"copies, always incur a tremendous cost to society through the cumbersome "
+"mechanisms necessary to figure out how much (that is, which programs) a "
+"person must pay for. And only a police state can force everyone to obey "
+"them. Consider a space station where air must be manufactured at great "
+"cost: charging each breather per liter of air may be fair, but wearing the "
+"metered gas mask all day and all night is intolerable even if everyone can "
+"afford to pay the air bill. And the TV cameras everywhere to see if you "
+"ever take the mask off are outrageous. It's better to support the air plant "
+"with a head tax and chuck the masks."
+msgstr ""
+"Metody, jak donutit lidi platit za užÃvánà programu vÄetnÄ
licencovánà "
+"kopiÃ, pÅinášejà spoleÄnosti vždy zbyteÄnÄ velké náklady, a to pro
"
+"tÄžkopádný způsob, jakým je tÅeba zjistit, kolik kdo musà za co (tj.
za "
+"které programy) zaplatit. Pouze policejnà stát může každého donutit
tato "
+"pravidla dodržovat. Považte vesmÃrnou stanici, na které se s velkými
náklady "
+"vyrábà vzduch: úÄtovat každému obyvateli za litr vzduchu by mohlo být
fér, "
+"ale noÅ¡enà mÄÅidla na plynové masce ve dne v noci nenà únosné ani v
pÅÃpadÄ, "
+"že si každý může dovolit zaplatit âvzduÅ¡néâ. Televiznà kamery,
které vás "
+"vÅ¡ude sledujÃ, jestli si nesundáváte masku, jsou neúnosné. Je lepÅ¡Ã
platit "
+"továrnu na vzduch z danà a zahodit masky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as "
+"breathing, and as productive. It ought to be as free."
+msgstr ""
+"KopÃrovánà celého programu nebo jeho Äásti je pro programátora stejnÄ
"
+"pÅirozené jako dýchánà a je i stejnÄ produktivnÃ. Proto by mÄlo být
také tak "
+"svobodné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's Goals"
+msgstr "NÄkteré snadno vyvratitelné námitky proti cÃlům GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“Nobody will use it if it is free, because that means they "
+"can't rely on any support.”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âNikdo to nebude použÃvat, když je to zdarma, protože to také "
+"znamená, že se nemůže spolehnout na technickou podporu.â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“You have to charge for the program to pay for providing the "
+"support.”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âMusÃte úÄtovat za program, aby se vám zaplatilo poskytovánà "
+"podpory.â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free without "
+"service, a company to provide just service to people who have obtained GNU "
+"free ought to be profitable.<a href=\"#f3\">(4)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Kdyby lidé radÄji platili za GNU se službami, než aby zÃskali GNU
zdarma, "
+"ale bez servisu, pak by mÄla pro lidi, kteÅÃ zÃskali GNU zdarma,
existovat "
+"výdÄleÄná spoleÄnost poskytujÃcà technickou podporu <a
href=\"#f3\">[3]</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We must distinguish between support in the form of real programming work and "
+"mere handholding. The former is something one cannot rely on from a "
+"software vendor. If your problem is not shared by enough people, the vendor "
+"will tell you to get lost."
+msgstr ""
+"MusÃme rozliÅ¡ovat mezi podporou formou skuteÄné programátorské práce a
mezi "
+"podporou uživateli pÅi použÃvánà programu. V prvnÃm pÅÃpadÄ nenÃ
spolehnutà "
+"na žádného prodejce softwaru. Pokud nemá pÅÃsluÅ¡ný problém jeÅ¡tÄ
dostateÄný "
+"poÄet dalÅ¡Ãch lidÃ, máte smůlu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If your business needs to be able to rely on support, the only way is to "
+"have all the necessary sources and tools. Then you can hire any available "
+"person to fix your problem; you are not at the mercy of any individual. "
+"With Unix, the price of sources puts this out of consideration for most "
+"businesses. With GNU this will be easy. It is still possible for there to "
+"be no available competent person, but this problem cannot be blamed on "
+"distribution arrangements. GNU does not eliminate all the world's problems, "
+"only some of them."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud vaše podnikánà vyžaduje spolehlivou technickou podporu, jediná
cesta "
+"je mÃt vÅ¡echny zdrojové kódy. Potom můžete najmout kohokoliv, kdo je
schopen "
+"vaÅ¡e problémy ÅeÅ¡it; nejste závislà na žádném jednotlivci. U Unixu
tuto "
+"možnost pro vÄtÅ¡inu podniků vyluÄuje cena zdrojových kódů. S GNU to
bude "
+"jedoduÅ¡Å¡Ã. Je sice stále možné, že neseženete nikoho schopného k
ÅeÅ¡enà "
+"vaÅ¡eho problému, to vÅ¡ak nemůže být svádÄno na distribuÄnà metody
GNU. GNU "
+"neodstraÅuje vÅ¡echny problémy svÄta, jenom nÄkteré."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, the users who know nothing about computers need handholding: "
+"doing things for them which they could easily do themselves but don't know "
+"how."
+msgstr ""
+"Na druhou stranu uživatelé, kteÅà o poÄÃtaÄÃch nic nevÃ, potÅebujÃ
být "
+"vedeni: dÄlajà se pro nÄ vÄci, které by snadno mohli zvládnout sami,
ale "
+"nevà jak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Such services could be provided by companies that sell just handholding and "
+"repair service. If it is true that users would rather spend money and get a "
+"product with service, they will also be willing to buy the service having "
+"got the product free. The service companies will compete in quality and "
+"price; users will not be tied to any particular one. Meanwhile, those of us "
+"who don't need the service should be able to use the program without paying "
+"for the service."
+msgstr ""
+"Takové služby by mohly poskytovat spoleÄnosti, které obchodujà pouze s "
+"podpůrnými a servisnÃmi službami. Jestli je pravda, že by uživatelé
radÄji "
+"zaplatili, a zÃskali tak program i s technickou podporou, pak by rádi "
+"zaplatili i za samotnou technickou podporu programu, který zÃskali zdarma. "
+"Servisnà spoleÄnosti si budou konkurovat v cenÄ i kvalitÄ a uživatelé "
+"nebudou vydáni na milost a nemilost pouze jedné z nich. Ti, kteÅà servis "
+"nepotÅebujÃ, budou moci použÃvat programy úplnÄ zdarma."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“You cannot reach many people without advertising, and you "
+"must charge for the program to support that.”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âNemůžete zÃskat mnoho uživatelů bez reklamy, a proto musÃte
úÄtovat "
+"za program, abyste zÃskali potÅebné prostÅedky.â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“It's no use advertising a program people can get free.”"
+"</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âNemá smysl propagovat program, který mohou lidé zÃskat
zdarma.â</"
+"strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are various forms of free or very cheap publicity that can be used to "
+"inform numbers of computer users about something like GNU. But it may be "
+"true that one can reach more microcomputer users with advertising. If this "
+"is really so, a business which advertises the service of copying and mailing "
+"GNU for a fee ought to be successful enough to pay for its advertising and "
+"more. This way, only the users who benefit from the advertising pay for it."
+msgstr ""
+"Existuje nÄkolik velice levných prostÅedků jak informovat uživatele
poÄÃtaÄů "
+"o vÄcech jako GNU. Ale možná je pravda, že jde oslovit vÃce uživatelů "
+"mikropoÄÃtaÄů reklamou. Pokud je tomu skuteÄnÄ tak, pak se reklama "
+"spoleÄnostem komerÄnÄ distribuujÃcÃm GNU vyplatÃ, ale platit za ni
budou "
+"pouze uživatelé, kteÅà služeb takových spoleÄnostà využÃvajÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such "
+"companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really "
+"necessary to spread GNU. Why is it that free market advocates don't want to "
+"let the free market decide this?<a href=\"#f4\">(5)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Na druhou stranu, pokud vetÅ¡ina lidà zÃská GNU od svých pÅátel, a tyto
"
+"spoleÄnosti tedy neuspÄjÃ, pak se jen ukáže, že reklama pro
rozÅ¡ÃÅenà GNU "
+"důležitá nebyla. ProÄ nechtÄjà advokáti volného trhu o tomto nechat "
+"rozhodnout samotný volný trh? <a href=\"#f4\">[4]</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“My company needs a proprietary operating system to get a "
+"competitive edge.”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âMoje spoleÄnost potÅebuje vlastnà operaÄnà systém, aby byla "
+"konkurenceschopná.â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU will remove operating system software from the realm of competition. "
+"You will not be able to get an edge in this area, but neither will your "
+"competitors be able to get an edge over you. You and they will compete in "
+"other areas, while benefiting mutually in this one. If your business is "
+"selling an operating system, you will not like GNU, but that's tough on "
+"you. If your business is something else, GNU can save you from being pushed "
+"into the expensive business of selling operating systems."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU odstranà operaÄnà systémy ze ÅÃÅ¡e konkurenÄnÃho boje. Nebudete
zde moci "
+"zÃskat pÅevahu, ale ani vaÅ¡i konkurenti nebudou moci zÃskat pÅevahu nad "
+"vámi. Budete si konkurovat v jiných oblastech a v oblasti operaÄnÃch
systému "
+"budete spoleÄnÄ se svými konkurenty užÃvat stejných výhod. Pokud
obchodujete "
+"s operaÄnÃmi systémy, nebude se vám GNU zamlouvat; bude to pro Vás
težké. "
+"Obchodujete-li s nÄÄÃm jiným, GNU vás uchránà pÅed nákladným
obchodovánÃm s "
+"operaÄnÃmi systémy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many "
+"manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href=\"#f5\">(6)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Byl bych rád, kdyby vývoj GNU byl podporován dary výrobců a uživatelů,
které "
+"tak snižà cenu pro každého. <a href=\"#f5\">[5]</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“Don't programmers deserve a reward for their creativity?"
+"”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âNezasloužà si programátoÅi odmÄnu za svoji
tvoÅivost?â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If anything deserves a reward, it is social contribution. Creativity can be "
+"a social contribution, but only in so far as society is free to use the "
+"results. If programmers deserve to be rewarded for creating innovative "
+"programs, by the same token they deserve to be punished if they restrict the "
+"use of these programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud nÄco zasluhuje odmÄnu, je to pÅÃspÄvek spoleÄnosti. TvoÅivost
může být "
+"takovým pÅÃspÄvkem, ale pouze v pÅÃpadÄ, že spoleÄnost potom může
svobodnÄ "
+"využÃvat jejà výsledky. Pokud si programátoÅi zasluhujà odmÄnu za
vytváÅenà "
+"nových programů, pak by si stejnÄ mÄli zasloužit trest za omezovánà "
+"použÃvánà tÄchto programů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“Shouldn't a programmer be able to ask for a reward for his "
+"creativity?”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âNemÄl by mÃt programátor možnost žádat odmÄnu za svou
práci?â</"
+"strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing wrong with wanting pay for work, or seeking to maximize "
+"one's income, as long as one does not use means that are destructive. But "
+"the means customary in the field of software today are based on destruction."
+msgstr ""
+"Nenà nic Å¡patného chtÃt penÃze za práci nebo se snažit zvýšit své
pÅÃjmy, "
+"pokud se k tomu nepoužÃvajà niÄivé prostÅedky. Ale prostÅedky, dnes
obvykle "
+"použÃvané v oblasti softwaru, jsou založeny na destrukci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of it is "
+"destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the ways that the "
+"program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth that humanity "
+"derives from the program. When there is a deliberate choice to restrict, "
+"the harmful consequences are deliberate destruction."
+msgstr ""
+"ZÃskávánà penÄz od uživatelů programů tÃm, že se omezà použitÃ
programů, je "
+"destruktivnÃ, protože tato omezenà snižujà poÄet způsobů, kterými je
program "
+"možno využÃt. To snižuje velikost bohatstvÃ, které lidstvo z programu
zÃská. "
+"Å kodlivým důsledkem zámÄrného omezovánà je zámÄrná destrukce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The reason a good citizen does not use such destructive means to become "
+"wealthier is that, if everyone did so, we would all become poorer from the "
+"mutual destructiveness. This is Kantian ethics; or, the Golden Rule. Since "
+"I do not like the consequences that result if everyone hoards information, I "
+"am required to consider it wrong for one to do so. Specifically, the desire "
+"to be rewarded for one's creativity does not justify depriving the world in "
+"general of all or part of that creativity."
+msgstr ""
+"Důvodem, proÄ správný obÄan nepoužÃvá ke svému obohacenà tyto
destruktivnà "
+"prostÅedky, je to, že kdyby tak uÄinil každý, tak bychom kvůli
zámÄrnému "
+"niÄenà se zchudli vÅ¡ichni. Je to Kantovská etika; nebo zlaté pravidlo. "
+"Protože se mi nelÃbà důsledky, které nastávajÃ, když každý hromadÃ
informace "
+"jen pro sebe, jsem nucen to považovat za Å¡patné. PÅesnÄji ÅeÄeno,
touha být "
+"odmÄnÄn za svoji tvoÅivost, neospravedlÅuje odmÃtnutà sdÃlet se
svÄtem "
+"vÅ¡echny nebo jen Äást výsledků své tvoÅivosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>“Won't programmers starve?”</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>âNebudou programátoÅi hladovÄt?â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I could answer that nobody is forced to be a programmer. Most of us cannot "
+"manage to get any money for standing on the street and making faces. But we "
+"are not, as a result, condemned to spend our lives standing on the street "
+"making faces, and starving. We do something else."
+msgstr ""
+"Mohl bych odpovÄdÄt, že nikdo nenà nucen být programátorem. VÄtÅ¡ina z
nás "
+"nedokáže vydÄlávat penÃze žebránÃm na ulici. Ale nejsme odsouzeni k
tomu, "
+"abychom žebrali po ulicÃch. My můžeme dÄlat nÄco jiného."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But that is the wrong answer because it accepts the questioner's implicit "
+"assumption: that without ownership of software, programmers cannot possibly "
+"be paid a cent. Supposedly it is all or nothing."
+msgstr ""
+"To by ale byla Å¡patná odpovÄÄ, protože nevyvracà tazatelův implicitnÃ
"
+"pÅedpoklad, že bez vlastnictvà softwaru nemohou být programátoÅi
zaplaceni "
+"ani halÃÅem. To je vlastnÄ pÅedpoklad typu: vÅ¡echno nebo nic."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The real reason programmers will not starve is that it will still be "
+"possible for them to get paid for programming; just not paid as much as now."
+msgstr ""
+"SkuteÄným důvodem, proÄ programátoÅi nebudou hladovÄt, je to, že bude
stále "
+"možno být za programovánà placen, jenom ne tolik jako nynÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software. It is
+# | the most common [-basis-] {+basis<a href=\"#f8\">(7)</a>+} because it
+# | brings in the most money. If it were prohibited, or rejected by the
+# | customer, software business would move to other bases of organization
+# | which are now used less often. There are always numerous ways to organize
+# | any kind of business.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software. It is "
+#| "the most common basis because it brings in the most money. If it were "
+#| "prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software business would move to "
+#| "other bases of organization which are now used less often. There are "
+#| "always numerous ways to organize any kind of business."
+msgid ""
+"Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software. It is "
+"the most common basis<a href=\"#f8\">(7)</a> because it brings in the most "
+"money. If it were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software "
+"business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less "
+"often. There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business."
+msgstr ""
+"Omezovánà kopÃrovánà nenà jediným základem obchodovánà se
softwarem. Je "
+"nejbÄžnÄjÅ¡Ã, protože to pÅinášà nejvÃce penÄz. Pokud by to bylo
zakázáno "
+"nebo odmÃtnuto zákaznÃky, softwarový trh by pÅeÅ¡el na jiný základ,
který "
+"nynà nenà tak Äastý. Je mnoho cest jak organizovat jakékoliv
obchodovánÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Probably programming will not be as lucrative on the new basis as it is "
+"now. But that is not an argument against the change. It is not considered "
+"an injustice that sales clerks make the salaries that they now do. If "
+"programmers made the same, that would not be an injustice either. (In "
+"practice they would still make considerably more than that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Programovánà na takovém novém zakladÄ asi nebude tak výdÄleÄné, ale
to nenà "
+"argument proti zmÄnÄ. Dnes se nepovažuje za nespravedlivé, jaké platy
majà "
+"obchodnà úÅednÃcÃ. Kdyby je programátoÅi mÄli také takové, tak by
to též "
+"nebyla nespravedlnost. (Ve skuteÄnosti by stále jeÅ¡tÄ vydÄlali
podstatnÄ "
+"vÃce.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“Don't people have a right to control how their creativity is "
+"used?”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âNemajà lidé právo mÃt kontrolu nad tÃm, jak jsou jejich
výtvory "
+"použÃvány?â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Control over the use of one's ideas” really constitutes control "
+"over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make their lives more "
+"difficult."
+msgstr ""
+"âKontrola nad použÃvánÃm neÄÃch nápadůâ ve skuteÄnosti znamená
kontrolu nad "
+"životy ostatnÃch lidÃ; obyÄejnÄ je využita tak, že Äinà život
složitÄjÅ¡Ãm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | People who have studied the issue of intellectual property [-rights-]
+# | {+rights<a href=\"#f6\">(8)</a>+} carefully (such as lawyers) say that
+# | there is no intrinsic right to intellectual property. The kinds of
+# | supposed intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were
+# | created by specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights "
+#| "carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no intrinsic right to "
+#| "intellectual property. The kinds of supposed intellectual property "
+#| "rights that the government recognizes were created by specific acts of "
+#| "legislation for specific purposes."
+msgid ""
+"People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights<a href="
+"\"#f6\">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no intrinsic "
+"right to intellectual property. The kinds of supposed intellectual property "
+"rights that the government recognizes were created by specific acts of "
+"legislation for specific purposes."
+msgstr ""
+"Lidé, kteÅà pozornÄ sledovali záležitosti práv na intelektuálnÃ
vlastnictvà "
+"(jako napÅ. právnÃci), ÅÃkajÃ, že vlastnÄ Å¾Ã¡dné takové právo
neexistuje. "
+"Druhy pÅedpokládaných práv na intelektuálnà vlastnictvÃ, které vláda
uznává, "
+"byly urÄeny specifickými rozhodnutÃmi legislativy pro specifické úÄely."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, the patent system was established to encourage inventors to "
+"disclose the details of their inventions. Its purpose was to help society "
+"rather than to help inventors. At the time, the life span of 17 years for a "
+"patent was short compared with the rate of advance of the state of the art. "
+"Since patents are an issue only among manufacturers, for whom the cost and "
+"effort of a license agreement are small compared with setting up production, "
+"the patents often do not do much harm. They do not obstruct most "
+"individuals who use patented products."
+msgstr ""
+"NapÅÃklad patentový systém byl zaveden k tomu, aby se vynálezci nemuseli
bát "
+"zveÅejnit detaily svých vynálezů. Jeho úÄelem bylo pomoci spÃÅ¡e
spoleÄnosti "
+"než vynálezcům. Tehdy byla doba sedmnácti let pro ochranu patentu
krátká ve "
+"srovnánàs rychlostà pokroku. Jelikož patenty jsou záležitostà pouze
mezi "
+"výrobci, pro které jsou náklady za licenÄnà dohody malé ve srovnánà s
"
+"náklady na zavedenà produkce, nepůsobà patenty pÅÃliÅ¡ mnoho zla.
Nejsou "
+"pÅekážkou pro vÄtÅ¡inu jednotlivců, kteÅà použÃvajà patentované
produkty."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of copyright did not exist in ancient times, when authors "
+"frequently copied other authors at length in works of nonfiction. This "
+"practice was useful, and is the only way many authors' works have survived "
+"even in part. The copyright system was created expressly for the purpose of "
+"encouraging authorship. In the domain for which it was invented—"
+"books, which could be copied economically only on a printing press—it "
+"did little harm, and did not obstruct most of the individuals who read the "
+"books."
+msgstr ""
+"MyÅ¡lenka autorských práv neexistovala ve starovÄku, kdy autoÅi Äasto "
+"kopÃrovali celá dÃla jiných autorů. Tyto postupy byly užiteÄné a byly
"
+"jedinou cestou, dÃky nÞ se podaÅilo dÃlům mnoha autorů pÅežÃt.
Autorská "
+"práva byla zavedena úmyslnÄ za úÄelem podpory autorstvÃ. V oblasti, kde
byla "
+"zavedena â pro knihy, které mohou být ekonomicky kopÃrovány pouze "
+"knihtiskem â nepůsobila Å¡kodlivÄ a neomezovala vÄtÅ¡inu jednotlivců,
kteÅÃ "
+"knihy Ätou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"All intellectual property rights are just licenses granted by society "
+"because it was thought, rightly or wrongly, that society as a whole would "
+"benefit by granting them. But in any particular situation, we have to ask: "
+"are we really better off granting such license? What kind of act are we "
+"licensing a person to do?"
+msgstr ""
+"Všechna práva na intelektuálnà vlastnictvà jsou jenom licence povolené "
+"spoleÄnostÃ, protože se domnÃvala, vÃce Äi ménÄ správnÄ, že
spoleÄnost jako "
+"celek z toho bude mÃt prospÄch. Ale v každé konkrétnà situaci je tÅeba
se "
+"ptát: Jsme na tom opravdu lépe, když udÃlÃme takové licence? Pro jaký
druh "
+"Äinnosti je jednotlivec licencován?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The case of programs today is very different from that of books a hundred "
+"years ago. The fact that the easiest way to copy a program is from one "
+"neighbor to another, the fact that a program has both source code and object "
+"code which are distinct, and the fact that a program is used rather than "
+"read and enjoyed, combine to create a situation in which a person who "
+"enforces a copyright is harming society as a whole both materially and "
+"spiritually; in which a person should not do so regardless of whether the "
+"law enables him to."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅÃpad programů v dneÅ¡nà dobÄ je velmi odliÅ¡ný od situace s knihami
pÅed sto "
+"lety. Dejte si dohromady skuteÄnost, že nejjednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã cesta
kopÃrovánà "
+"programu je od jednoho souseda ke druhému, dále skuteÄnost, že program
má "
+"zdrojový a objektový kód, a nakonec skuteÄnost, že program je
použÃván a ne "
+"Äten, a pÅedstavÃte si tÃm situaci, ve které ÄlovÄk prosazovánÃm
autorských "
+"práv, Å¡kodà spoleÄnosti jako celku jak hmotnÄ, tak duchovnÄ; v této
situaci "
+"by tak ÄlovÄk Äinit nemÄl, aÅ¥ už mu to zákon umožÅuje Äi nikoliv."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“Competition makes things get done better.”</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>âSoutÄživost způsobuje, že se vÄci dÄlajÃ
lépe.â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we encourage "
+"everyone to run faster. When capitalism really works this way, it does a "
+"good job; but its defenders are wrong in assuming it always works this way. "
+"If the runners forget why the reward is offered and become intent on "
+"winning, no matter how, they may find other strategies—such as, "
+"attacking other runners. If the runners get into a fist fight, they will "
+"all finish late."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅÃkladem soutÄže je tÅeba závod: odmÄnou vÃtÄzi motivujeme
každého, aby "
+"bÄžel rychleji. Pokud kapitalismus opravdu funguje tÃmto způsobem, je to "
+"správnÄ; ale jeho obhájci nemajà pravdu, když pÅedpokládajÃ, že
vždy funguje "
+"tÃmto způsobem. Kdyby bÄžci zapomnÄli, proÄ je odmÄna nabÃzena, a
snažili se "
+"vyhrát za každou cenu, mohli by najÃt i dalÅ¡Ã taktiky â tÅeba
útoÄit na "
+"ostatnà bÄžce. Pokud se dostanou do pÄstnÃho zápasu, vÅ¡ichni dobÄhnou
"
+"pozdÄji."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary and secret software is the moral equivalent of runners in a fist "
+"fight. Sad to say, the only referee we've got does not seem to object to "
+"fights; he just regulates them (“For every ten yards you run, you can "
+"fire one shot”). He really ought to break them up, and penalize "
+"runners for even trying to fight."
+msgstr ""
+"Proprietárnà a utajený software je morálnÃm ekvivalentem pÄstnÃho
souboje "
+"bÄžců. Smutné je, že jediný rozhodÄÃ, kterého máme, nezabraÅuje
zápasu; "
+"pouze ho reguluje. (Každých deset metrů, které ubÄhneÅ¡, můžeÅ¡ jednou
"
+"vystÅelit.) SprávnÄ by je mÄl rozehnat a pokutovat bÄžce za každý
pokus o "
+"rvaÄku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“Won't everyone stop programming without a monetary incentive?"
+"”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âNepÅestanou lidé programovat, pokud nebudou povzbuzováni
penÄžnà "
+"odmÄnou?â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Actually, many people will program with absolutely no monetary incentive. "
+"Programming has an irresistible fascination for some people, usually the "
+"people who are best at it. There is no shortage of professional musicians "
+"who keep at it even though they have no hope of making a living that way."
+msgstr ""
+"Ve skuteÄnosti mnoho lidà bude programovat i úplnÄ bez penÄžitého
podnÄtu "
+"Programovánà má pro nÄkteré lidi neodolatelné kouzlo, obyÄejnÄ pro
ty, kteÅÃ "
+"jsou v tom nejlepÅ¡Ã. Nenà nedostatek profesionálnÃch hudebnÃku, kteÅÃ
se "
+"držà hudby, i když nemajà nadÄji se tÃm uživit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But really this question, though commonly asked, is not appropriate to the "
+"situation. Pay for programmers will not disappear, only become less. So "
+"the right question is, will anyone program with a reduced monetary "
+"incentive? My experience shows that they will."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale tato otázka, aÄkoliv je tak Äasto kladena, neodpovÃdá situaci. "
+"ProgramátoÅi nepÅestanou být placeni, pouze budou platy menÅ¡Ã. Pravá
otázka "
+"by tedy mÄla znÃt: âBude nÄkdo programovat se snÞenou penÄžnÃ
odmÄnou?â "
+"Moje zkuÅ¡enosti ukazujÃ, že bude."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For more than ten years, many of the world's best programmers worked at the "
+"Artificial Intelligence Lab for far less money than they could have had "
+"anywhere else. They got many kinds of nonmonetary rewards: fame and "
+"appreciation, for example. And creativity is also fun, a reward in itself."
+msgstr ""
+"VÃce než deset let pracovalo mnoho z nejlepÅ¡Ãch programátorů svÄta v "
+"laboratoÅi pro výzkum umÄlé inteligence za mnohem ménÄ penÄz, než
mohli "
+"zÃskat jinde. Obdrželi mnoho druhů nepenÄžnÃch odmÄn â napÅÃklad
slávu a "
+"ocenÄnÃ. TvoÅivá práce je též ocenÄnÃ, odmÄna sama za sebe."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Then most of them left when offered a chance to do the same interesting work "
+"for a lot of money."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho z nich odeÅ¡lo, když jim byla nabÃdnuta možnost dÄlat stejnou
práci za "
+"vÃce penÄz."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What the facts show is that people will program for reasons other than "
+"riches; but if given a chance to make a lot of money as well, they will come "
+"to expect and demand it. Low-paying organizations do poorly in competition "
+"with high-paying ones, but they do not have to do badly if the high-paying "
+"ones are banned."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato fakta ukazujÃ, že lidé budou programovat i z jiných důvodů, než
je "
+"bohatstvÃ. Pokud jim ale bude nabÃdnuta možnost, jak si pÅi tom vydÄlat "
+"mnoho penÄz, zaÄnou výdÄlek oÄekávat a vyžadovat. Å patnÄ platÃcÃ
spoleÄnosti "
+"jsou na tom v soutÄži s dobÅe platÃcÃmi bÃdnÄ, nemusely by vÅ¡ak být,
kdyby "
+"dobÅe platÃcà spoleÄnosti byly zakázány."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“We need the programmers desperately. If they demand that we "
+"stop helping our neighbors, we have to obey.”</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>âPotÅebujeme nutnÄ programátory. Pokud oni na nás chtÄjÃ,
abychom "
+"pÅestali pomáhat sousedům, musÃme poslechnout.â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You're never so desperate that you have to obey this sort of demand. "
+"Remember: millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute!"
+msgstr ""
+"Nikdy nenà ÄlovÄk v takové situaci, aby musel uposlechnout takový druh "
+"pÅÃkazu. Pamatujte: miliony na obranu, ale ani halÃÅ na uctÃvánÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>“Programmers need to make a living somehow.”</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>âProgramátoÅi musà z nÄÄeho žÃt.â</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the short run, this is true. However, there are plenty of ways that "
+"programmers could make a living without selling the right to use a program. "
+"This way is customary now because it brings programmers and businessmen the "
+"most money, not because it is the only way to make a living. It is easy to "
+"find other ways if you want to find them. Here are a number of examples."
+msgstr ""
+"Pro kratšà obdobà to je pravda, ale je mnoho způsobů, jak si
programátor "
+"může vydÄlat bez prodávánà práv na použÃvánà programu. Tato cesta
je "
+"nejbÄžnÄjÅ¡Ã, protože vynášà programátorům a obchodnÃkům nejvÃce
penÄz, nenà "
+"to vÅ¡ak cesta jediná. Je snadné najÃt jiné cesty, pokud máte snahu je "
+"hledat. Tady je nÄkolik pÅÃkladů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A manufacturer introducing a new computer will pay for the porting of "
+"operating systems onto the new hardware."
+msgstr ""
+"Výrobce, který vytvoÅil nový poÄÃtaÄ, zaplatà za pÅenesenÃ
operaÄnÃho "
+"systému na nový hardware."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The sale of teaching, handholding and maintenance services could also employ "
+"programmers."
+msgstr ""
+"Firmy obchodujÃcà s výukovými, poradenskými a udržbáÅskými službami
mohou "
+"zamÄstnávat také programátory."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | People with new ideas could distribute programs as [-freeware,-]
+# | {+freeware<a href=\"#f7\">(9)</a>,+} asking for donations from satisfied
+# | users, or selling handholding services. I have met people who are
+# | already working this way successfully.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware, asking for "
+#| "donations from satisfied users, or selling handholding services. I have "
+#| "met people who are already working this way successfully."
+msgid ""
+"People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware<a href="
+"\"#f7\">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling "
+"handholding services. I have met people who are already working this way "
+"successfully."
+msgstr ""
+"Lidé s novými nápady mohou distribuovat programy jako freeware a žádat o
"
+"dary od spokojených uživatelů nebo si nechat platit za poradenské
služby. "
+"Poznal jsem se s lidmi, kteÅà si úspÄÅ¡nÄ tÃmto způsobem
vydÄlávajÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Users with related needs can form users' groups, and pay dues. A group "
+"would contract with programming companies to write programs that the group's "
+"members would like to use."
+msgstr ""
+"Uživatelé se stejnými potÅebami mohou vytvoÅit skupiny uživatelů a
platit "
+"Älenské pÅÃspÄvky. Taková skupina potom může najmout programátorskou
"
+"spoleÄnost, aby napsala program, který potÅebuje."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "All sorts of development can be funded with a Software Tax:"
+msgstr "VÅ¡echen vývoj může být placen ze softwarové danÄ:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Suppose everyone who buys a computer has to pay x percent of the price as a "
+"software tax. The government gives this to an agency like the NSF to spend "
+"on software development."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅedpokládejme, že každý, kdo koupà poÄÃtaÄ, zaplatà x procent z
ceny na "
+"softwarovou daÅ. Vláda dá tyto protÅedky agentuÅe jako FSF, která je
utratà "
+"za vývoj softwaru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But if the computer buyer makes a donation to software development himself, "
+"he can take a credit against the tax. He can donate to the project of his "
+"own choosing—often, chosen because he hopes to use the results when it "
+"is done. He can take a credit for any amount of donation up to the total "
+"tax he had to pay."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud ÄlovÄk kupujÃcà poÄÃtaÄ vÄnuje penÃze na vývoj softwaru,
může Äástku "
+"odepsat z danÄ. Může vÄnovat prostÅedky na projekt podle jeho vlastnÃho
"
+"výbÄru podle toho, jaké programy potÅebuje. Z danÄ může odepsat
libovolnou "
+"Äástku, kterou vÄnuje, až do celkové výše danÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The total tax rate could be decided by a vote of the payers of the tax, "
+"weighted according to the amount they will be taxed on."
+msgstr ""
+"Velikost danÄ může být rozhodnuta pÅÃmo volbami mezi plátci danÄ,
pÅiÄemž "
+"váha každého hlasu by byla stanovena sumou, kterou plátce na dani odvedl."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The consequences:"
+msgstr "Důsledky:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "The computer-using community supports software development."
+msgstr "Uživatelé poÄÃtaÄů budou podporovat vývoj softwaru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "This community decides what level of support is needed."
+msgstr "Uživatelé sami rozhodnou, jaké úrovnÄ podpory je tÅeba."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Users who care which projects their share is spent on can choose this for "
+"themselves."
+msgstr ""
+"Uživatelé budou moci rozhodnout, na které projekty bude použit jejich "
+"pÅÃspÄvek."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the postscarcity "
+"world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to make a living. "
+"People will be free to devote themselves to activities that are fun, such as "
+"programming, after spending the necessary ten hours a week on required tasks "
+"such as legislation, family counseling, robot repair and asteroid "
+"prospecting. There will be no need to be able to make a living from "
+"programming."
+msgstr ""
+"Psanà svobodných programů po delÅ¡Ã Äasové obdobà bude znamenat krok
do "
+"svÄta, kde nebude niÄeho nedostatek, kde nebude nikdo muset tvrdÄ
pracovat, "
+"aby se uživil. Lidé budou svobodni a po strávenà nutných deseti hodin
týdnÄ "
+"na požadovaných úkolech â zákonodárstvÃ, rodinné poradenstvÃ,
oprava robotů "
+"a průzkum asteroidů â se budou moci vÄnovat aktivitám, které budou
potÄÅ¡enÃm "
+"â jako tÅeba programovánÃ. Nebude tÅeba se živit programovánÃm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We have already greatly reduced the amount of work that the whole society "
+"must do for its actual productivity, but only a little of this has "
+"translated itself into leisure for workers because much nonproductive "
+"activity is required to accompany productive activity. The main causes of "
+"this are bureaucracy and isometric struggles against competition. Free "
+"software will greatly reduce these drains in the area of software "
+"production. We must do this, in order for technical gains in productivity "
+"to translate into less work for us."
+msgstr ""
+"ZnaÄnÄ jsme již zredukovali množstvà práce, které celá spoleÄnost
vynakládá "
+"na souÄasnou produktivitu, ale jen málo z toho se promÄnilo v pohodu "
+"pracujÃcÃch, neboÅ¥ je stále tÅeba mnoho neproduktivnà Äinnosti, která
"
+"doprovázà Äinnost produktivnÃ. HlavnÃmi pÅÃÄinami jsou byrokracie a
vzájemný "
+"konkurenÄnà boj. VolnÄ dostupný software znaÄnÄ snÞà tyto ztráty v
oblasti "
+"softwarové produkce. MusÃme to dÄlat proto, aby se technický nárůst v "
+"produktivitÄ odrazil v menÅ¡Ãm množstvà naÅ¡Ã práce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The wording here was careless. The intention was that nobody would have to "
+"pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system. But the words don't make "
+"this clear, and people often interpret them as saying that copies of GNU "
+"should always be distributed at little or no charge. That was never the "
+"intent; later on, the manifesto mentions the possibility of companies "
+"providing the service of distribution for a profit. Subsequently I have "
+"learned to distinguish carefully between “free” in the sense of "
+"freedom and “free” in the sense of price. Free software is "
+"software that users have the freedom to distribute and change. Some users "
+"may obtain copies at no charge, while others pay to obtain copies—and "
+"if the funds help support improving the software, so much the better. The "
+"important thing is that everyone who has a copy has the freedom to cooperate "
+"with others in using it."
+msgstr ""
+" VýbÄr slov zde byl neopatrný. ZámÄr byl, že nikdo nebude muset platit
za "
+"<b>povolenÃ</b> použÃvat GNU systém, ale slovo <cite>free</cite> tuto "
+"skuteÄnost nevyjadÅuje pÅesnÄ a lidé si ho Äasto vysvÄtlujà tak, že
GNU byde "
+"vždy distribuováno zdarma nebo za nÃzkou cenu. To nebyl zámÄr. Dále se
v "
+"manifestu uvádà možnost spoleÄnostÃ, které budou poskytovat služby "
+"distribuce za úplatu. PozdÄji jsem se nauÄil důslednÄ rozliÅ¡ovat mezi "
+"<cite>free</cite> ve smyslu <cite>freedom</cite> (svoboda) a <cite>free</"
+"cite> jako zdarma. NÄkteÅà uživatelé mohou zÃskat kopie zdarma, jinÃ
za nÄ "
+"mohou zaplatit, a pokud tyto penÃze pomohou vývoji softwaru, tÃm lépe. "
+"Důležité je, že každý, kdo má kopii, může svobodnÄ spolupracovat s
ostatnÃmi "
+"pÅi jejÃm použÃvánÃ. [ProsÃm vÄnujte v souvislosti s tÃmto pozornost
"
+"dokumentu http://svobodnysoft.zde.cz a troÅ¡ku úsilà použÃvánÃ
jednoznaÄného "
+"termÃnu âsvobodný softwareâ v Äeském jazyce. â pozn. korek.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The expression “give away” is another indication that I had not "
+"yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom. We now "
+"recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software. See "
+"“<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"
+"\">Confusing Words and Phrases</a>” for more explanation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"This is another place I failed to distinguish carefully between the two "
+"different meanings of “free”. The statement as it stands is not "
+"false—you can get copies of GNU software at no charge, from your "
+"friends or over the net. But it does suggest the wrong idea."
+msgstr ""
+"Toto je druhé mÃsto, kde jsem nerozliÅ¡il pÅÃsluÅ¡né dva významy slova "
+"<cite>free</cite>. Tvrzenà jako takové nelže â můžete zÃskat kopie
GNU "
+"softwaru zdarma, od kamarádů nebo pÅes sÃÅ¥. Je vÅ¡ak pÅece jen ponÄkud
"
+"zavádÄjÃcÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "Several such companies now exist."
+msgstr "Takové spoleÄnosti už existujÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+# | Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free Software
+# | Foundation for 10 years raised most of its funds from its {+distribution
+# | service. You can+} <a [-href=\"/order/order.html\">distribution
+# | service</a>.-] {+href=\"/order/order.html\">order things from the FSF</a>
+# | to support its work.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free Software "
+#| "Foundation for 10 years raised most of its funds from its <a href=\"/"
+#| "order/order.html\">distribution service</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free Software Foundation "
+"for 10 years raised most of its funds from its distribution service. You "
+"can <a href=\"/order/order.html\">order things from the FSF</a> to support "
+"its work."
+msgstr ""
+"Nadace pro svobodný software (Free Software Foundation) zÃskala nejvÃce "
+"penÄz z <a href=\"/order/order.html\">distribuÄnÃch služeb</a> na 10 let,
"
+"ale jedná se spÃÅ¡e o charitu, než o spoleÄnost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"A group of computer companies pooled funds around 1991 to support "
+"maintenance of the GNU C Compiler."
+msgstr ""
+"Skupina spoleÄnostà vytvoÅila fondy kolem roku 1991, k podpoÅe GNU C "
+"Compileru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software was the most "
+"common basis for making money in software. It seems that actually the most "
+"common business model was and is development of custom software. That does "
+"not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the business has to keep "
+"doing real work in order to keep getting income. The custom software "
+"business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in a free software "
+"world. Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid programmers would earn "
+"less in a free software world."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was to speak of “"
+"the issue” of “intellectual property”. That term is "
+"obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps together various "
+"disparate laws which raise very different issues. Nowadays I urge people to "
+"reject the term “intellectual property” entirely, lest it lead "
+"others to suppose that those laws form one coherent issue. The way to be "
+"clear is to discuss patents, copyrights, and trademarks separately. See <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">further explanation</a> of how this term "
+"spreads confusion and bias."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Subsequently we learned to distinguish between “free software” "
+"and “freeware”. The term “freeware” means software "
+"you are free to redistribute, but usually you are not free to study and "
+"change the source code, so most of it is not free software. See “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware\">Confusing Words and "
+"Phrases</a>” for more explanation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1985, [-1993-] {+1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+# | 2010, 2014, 2015+} Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Copyright © 1985, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015 "
+"Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1985, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of "
+"this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and "
+"permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the "
+"recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice."
+msgstr ""
+"Komukoli se dává povolenà vyhotovit nebo distribuovat doslovný opis
tohoto "
+"dokumentu jakýmkoli médiem, za pÅedpokladu, že bude zachováno oznámenÃ
o "
+"copyrightu a oznámenà o povolenà a že distributor pÅÃjemci poskytne
povolenà "
+"k dalÅ¡Ãmu Å¡ÃÅenÃ, a to v téže podobÄ, jakou má toto oznámenÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Modified versions may not be made."
+msgstr "ZmÄny dokumentu nejsou povoleny."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
+
+#~ msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Other Texts to Read</a>"
+#~ msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Outros textos para ler</a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ " The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by\n"
+#~ " <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> at the "
+#~ "beginning of the GNU Project, to ask for\n"
+#~ " participation and support. For the first few years, it was\n"
+#~ " updated in minor ways to account for developments, but now it\n"
+#~ " seems best to leave it unchanged as most people have seen it.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ " Since that time, we have learned about certain common\n"
+#~ " misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid.\n"
+#~ " Footnotes added in 1993 help clarify these points.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ " For up-to-date information about the available GNU software,\n"
+#~ " please see the information available on our <a href=\"/home.html"
+#~ "\">web server</a>,\n"
+#~ " in particular our <a href=\"/software/software.html\">list of "
+#~ "software</a>.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ " NásledujÃcà GNU Manifest byl napsán\n"
+#~ " <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";> Richardem Stallmanem</a> na\n"
+#~ " zaÄátku projektu GNU jako žádost o pomoc a podporu.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ " NÄkolik prvnÃch let byl obnovován tak, aby odpovÃdal vývoji,\n"
+#~ " ale nynà se zdá nejlepÅ¡Ã nechat jej nezmÄnÄný tak, jak jej
zná\n"
+#~ " vÄtÅ¡ina lidÃ.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ " Vyskytla se Äastá nedorozumÄnÃ, kterým lze zabránit\n"
+#~ " použÃvánÃm odliÅ¡ného názvoslovÃ. V roce 1993 byly
pÅidány\n"
+#~ " poznámky pod Äarou, aby vysvÄtlily tyto problémy.\n"
+#~ " Aktuánà informace o dostupném GNU softwaru najdete na našem <a
href="
+#~ "\"/home.html\">webu</a>,\n"
+#~ " konkrétnÄ v <a href=\"/software/software.html\">seznamu software</"
+#~ "a>.\n"
+#~ " Seznam je pÅÃliÅ¡ dlouhý, než aby zde mohl být zahrnut.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The Free Software Foundation raises most of its funds from a distribution "
+#~ "service, although it is a charity rather than a company. If *no one* "
+#~ "chooses to obtain copies by <a href=\"/order/order.html\">ordering</a> "
+#~ "them from the FSF, it will be unable to do its work. But this does not "
+#~ "mean that proprietary restrictions are justified to force every user to "
+#~ "pay. If a small fraction of all the users order copies from the FSF, "
+#~ "that is sufficient to keep the FSF afloat. So we ask users to choose to "
+#~ "support us in this way. Have you done your part?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Nadace pro svobodný software (Free Software Foundation) zÃskává
nejvÃce "
+#~ "penÄz z distribuÄnÃch služeb, ale jedná se spÃÅ¡e o charitu, než o "
+#~ "spoleÄnost. Pokud se nikdo nerozhodne zÃskat kopii od FSF, nebude moci "
+#~ "FSF pokraÄovat ve své práci. Neznamená to ale, že FSF vydá nÄjaká
omezenà "
+#~ "s cÃlem pÅinutit uživatele zaplatit. Pokud si alespoÅ malá Äást
uživatelů "
+#~ "koupà kopie od FSF, postaÄà to na udrženà FSF v chodu. Proto
žádáme "
+#~ "uživatele o podporu tÃmto způsobem. PodpoÅili jste FSF i Vy?"
Index: philosophy/po/dat.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/dat.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/dat.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/dat.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,887 @@
+# Czech translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify;
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: dat.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-08-23 21:43+0200\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date:\n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2010-04-28 21:34+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "The Right Way to Tax DAT - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Správný způsob zdanÄnà DAT â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný
software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The Right Way to Tax DAT"
+msgstr "Správný způsob zdanÄnà DAT"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"od <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richarda Stallmana</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>[This article does not concern software, not directly. It concerns a "
+"parallel issue about sharing copies of music.]</em>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<em> [This-]{+<em>[The+} article was {+first+} published in Wired
+# | magazine in 1992; the text has not been [-changed, but notes-] {+changed;
+# | instead, I have added notes,+} in square brackets [-have been added (with
+# | these notes emphasized for those browsers that will display emphasized
+# | text).] </em>-] {+and with italics or other emphasis.]</em>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em> [This article was published in Wired magazine in 1992; the text has "
+#| "not been changed, but notes in square brackets have been added (with "
+#| "these notes emphasized for those browsers that will display emphasized "
+#| "text).] </em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>[The article was first published in Wired magazine in 1992; the text has "
+"not been changed; instead, I have added notes, in square brackets and with "
+"italics or other emphasis.]</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>[Tento Älánek byl publikován v magazÃnu Wired v roce 1992; text nebyl
"
+"pozmÄnÄn, ale byly pÅidány poznámky v hranatých závorkách (tyto
poznámky "
+"jsou zvýraznÄny pro prohlÞeÄe, které zobrazujà zvýraznÄný
text).]</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>[The original article addressed the (then hypothetical) issue of sharing "
+"music using (then just appearing) digital audio tape recorders, since that "
+"is what the proposed US tax law was supposed to address. Nowadays it could "
+"be applied to Internet file sharing.]</em>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>[Another approach developed by the late Francis Muguet with my "
+"assistance, which includes some of these ideas, is called the Global "
+"Patronage system (in French, Mécénat Global). I support both "
+"solutions; that is to say, I favor adopting either one.]</em>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Record company magnates don't like the digital audio tape recorder (<acronym "
+"title=\"Digital Audio Tape\">DAT</acronym>), which can make perfect copies "
+"of musical recordings. They fear that customers will copy music themselves, "
+"and stop buying prerecorded music."
+msgstr ""
+"Magnáti nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostà nemajà rádi nahrávacà zaÅÃzenÃ
digitálnÃch "
+"zvukových pásek (DAT â digital audio tape), které mohou vytvoÅit
perfektnà "
+"kopie pÅedlohy. Bojà se, že zákaznÃci si budou hudbu kopÃrovat sami a "
+"pÅestanou ji kupovat již nahranou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Threatening lawsuits, they have obtained from the manufacturers of DATs an "
+"agreement to pay a fee for each DAT unit and each DAT tape sold to "
+"consumers. This fee is to be divided among various participants in the "
+"music business: musicians, composers, music publishers and record "
+"companies. In addition, DAT manufacturers have agreed to cripple DAT units "
+"so that they cannot make a copy of a copy of a prerecorded piece."
+msgstr ""
+"Pod hrozbou soudnÃch procesů zÃskali od výrobců DAT souhlas s placenÃm "
+"poplatků za každou jednotku Äi nosiÄ DAT, prodanou zákaznÃkům. Tento "
+"poplatek má být rozdÄlen mezi různé úÄastnÃky obchodu s hudbou :
hudebnÃky, "
+"skladatele, vydavatele hudby a nahrávacà spoleÄnosti. NavÃc museli
výrobci "
+"DAT souhlasit s omezenÃm jednotek DAT tak, aby nemohly být použÃvány ke "
+"zhotovenà kopià původnÃch nahrávek. [takový zákon máme i v Äeské
Republice a "
+"je zde bÄžnou praxà â pozn. korek.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now the record companies have asked Congress to enact a law turning this fee "
+"into a tax and prohibiting manufacture of DAT tapedecks that function "
+"without imposed limitations."
+msgstr ""
+"Nahrávacà spoleÄnosti nynà žádajà kongres, aby tento poplatek zmÄnil
v daÅ a "
+"aby postavil mimo zákon vÅ¡echny pÅehrávaÄe DAT, které nemajÃ
zabudovány "
+"ochranné mechanismy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The stated purpose of the tax is to “compensate” musicians for "
+"copying done by individuals using DATs. However, 57 percent of the funds "
+"collected would go to record companies and music publishers—leaving "
+"less than half to the people who participate in the creative process. Most "
+"of these remaining funds would go to musical superstars, and thus would do "
+"little to encourage musical creativity. Meanwhile, DAT users would be "
+"unable to make full use of the power of DAT technology."
+msgstr ""
+"Důvodem této danÄ má být âkompenzaceâ hudebnÃků za kopÃrovánÃ
DAT provedené "
+"jednotlivci. 57 procent posbÃraných financà by vÅ¡ak Å¡lo nahrávacÃm "
+"spoleÄnostem a hudebnÃm nakladatelům â to ponechává lidem
úÄastnÃcÃm se v "
+"procesu tvorby ménÄ než polovinu. VÄtÅ¡ina tÄchto zbývajÃcÃch penÄch
by Å¡la "
+"hudebnÃm superhvÄzdám, a tudÞ by hudebnà kreativitu nijak zvlášť "
+"nepodporovala. Na druhé stranÄ uživatelé by nemÄli možnost plnÄ
využÃt "
+"možnosti této technologie."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Here is a proposal for a different system for taxing DATs and DAT tape—"
+"one designed to support music rather than cater to vested interests."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅedkládám zde návrh odliÅ¡ného systému zpoplatÅovánà DAT,
navržený k podpoÅe "
+"samotné hudby, ne k uspokojenà různých prostÅednÃků."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Collect funds with a tax on DAT machines and DAT tapes, as the current "
+"proposal provides."
+msgstr "SbÃrat penÃze z danÄ na zaÅÃzenà a nosiÄe DAT."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Use a survey system to measure the extent of copying of each musical piece."
+msgstr "PoužÃt systém ke sledovánà rozsahu kopÃrovánà jednotlivých
dÄl."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Distribute these funds entirely to the people who create music."
+msgstr "Dávat tyto finance pÅÃmo lidem, kteÅà hudbu vytvoÅili."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Adjust each contributor's share so that it increases more slowly per copy as "
+"it gets larger. This spreads the funds more widely to support a larger "
+"number of musicians adequately."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅizpůsobit podÃl každého hudebnÃka tak, aby rostl tÃm pomaleji, ÄÃm
je "
+"vÄtÅ¡Ã. To rozložà finance do daleko vÄtÅ¡Ã Å¡ÃÅe a dostanou se tak k
vÄtÅ¡Ãmu "
+"množstvà hudebnÃků."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Make no restrictions on the functioning of DATs."
+msgstr "NezavádÄt žádná omezenà ve funkÄnosti DAT."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "What is the purpose of copyright?"
+msgstr "Jaký je úÄel copyrightu?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The record industry presents its proposal as a way to “"
+"compensate” musicians, assuming that they are entitled to be paid for "
+"any copy made. Many Americans believe that copyright law reflects a natural "
+"right of authors or musicians—that these are entitled to special "
+"consideration from public policy. However, any lawyer specializing in the "
+"field knows this is a misunderstanding, a view rejected by the American "
+"legal system."
+msgstr ""
+"Nahrávacà průmysl pÅedstavuje svůj návrh jako způsob âkompenzaceâ
hudebnÃků, "
+"ÄÃmž pÅedpokládá, že jsou oprávnÄni dostat penÃze za každou
vytvoÅenou "
+"kopii. Mnoho AmeriÄanů vÄÅÃ, že copyrightový zákon odrážÃ
pÅirozené právo "
+"autorů nebo hudebnÃků â že jsou oprávnÄni, aby na nÄ zákony braly
speciálnà "
+"ohledy. AvÅ¡ak každý právnÃk specializujÃcà se v této oblasti vÃ, že
je to "
+"nedorozumÄnÃ, pohled, který byl americkým právnÃm systémem již
dÅÃve "
+"odmÃtnutý."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The stated purpose of copyright, given in the U.S. Constitution, is to "
+"“promote the progress of science and the useful arts”. Progress "
+"in music means new and varied music for the public to enjoy: copyright is "
+"supposed to promote a public good, not a private one."
+msgstr ""
+"Důvod copyrightu uvedený v ústavÄ USA je âpodpora rozvoje vÄdy a
užiteÄných "
+"umÄnÃâ. Rozvoj v hudbÄ znamená novou a různorodou hudbu pro potÄchu "
+"veÅejnosti: copyright má podporovat blaho veÅejnosti, ne blaho
jednotlivce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Yet copyright is often thought of as a natural right by laymen and "
+"politicians, which often leads to wrong decisions about copyright policy. "
+"Even courts, defining the details of the copyright system, often let this "
+"thought creep back implicitly even though it is supposed to be excluded. "
+"This is a conceptual error because it mistakes a means (copyright) to a "
+"larger end (progress) for an end in itself."
+msgstr ""
+"NavÃc je copyright laiky a politiky Äasto brán jako pÅirozené právo,
což "
+"Äasto vede ke Å¡patným rozhodnutÃm o jeho politice. I soudy definujÃcà "
+"podrobnosti copyrightového systému k sobÄ Äasto nechajà vplÞit tuto "
+"myÅ¡lenku i pÅesto, že se myslÃ, že je to vylouÄeno. Toto je
konceptuálnà "
+"chyba, protože zamÄÅuje prostÅedek (copyright) za cÃl (rozvoj)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Promoting progress in the arts does not inherently justify the idea that "
+"authors are entitled to any particular sort of copyright, or even that "
+"copyright should exist at all. Copyright is justified if the benefits of "
+"progress exceeds the burden that copyright imposes on everyone except the "
+"copyright holder."
+msgstr ""
+"Podpora rozvoje umÄnà sama o sobÄ nijak neospravedlÅuje myÅ¡lenku, že
jsou "
+"autoÅi oprávnÄni k nÄjakému copyrightu nebo že by mÄl copyright vůbec
"
+"existovat. Copyright bude opravnÄný, pokud výhody v pokroku z nÄj
plynoucà "
+"pÅevýšà bÅÃmÄ, které copyright ukládá každému kromÄ jeho
vlastnÃka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"How do we make this cost/benefit comparison? It depends partly on facts (how "
+"does a particular law affect musical activity and music users) and partly on "
+"our value judgements about those results."
+msgstr ""
+"Jak provést takové srovnánà nákladů a pÅÃnosů? Jak provedeme toto
srovnánà "
+"nákladů/pÅÃnosů? ÄásteÄnÄ to záležà na faktech (jak působÃ
konkrétnà zákon "
+"na hudebnà aktivitu a posluchaÄe) a ÄásteÄnÄ na naÅ¡em hodnotÃcÃm
mÃnÄnà o "
+"výsledcÃch."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Let's assume that it is worth paying a DAT tax if the result is a "
+"significant increase in musical activity, and investigate how we should "
+"arrange the details of this tax in order to maximize the benefit. But "
+"first, let's review basic principles and facts which have a bearing on the "
+"inquiry."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅedpokládejme, že stojà za to platit daÅ za DAT, pokud je výsledkem "
+"odpovÃdajÃcà nárůst hudebnà aktivity, a prozkoumejme, jak bychom mÄli "
+"zaÅÃdit detaily této danÄ pro maximalizaci pÅÃnosu. Ale nejprve
posuÄme "
+"základnà principy a fakta, která majà vztah k této otázce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Diminishing returns"
+msgstr "KlesajÃcà výnosy"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The law of diminishing returns is a general principle of economics. It "
+"states that each additional increment of efforts or funds spent on a given "
+"goal typically produces a smaller and smaller increment in the results. "
+"There are exceptions to this law, but they are local; if you keep on "
+"increasing the inputs, you eventually leave the exceptions behind."
+msgstr ""
+"Zákon klesajÃcÃch výnosů je obecný ekonomický princip. PravÃ, že
každé dalšà "
+"navýšenà výkonu Äi kapitálu, utrácených na daný cÃl, bÄžnÄ
pÅinášà menÅ¡Ã a "
+"menÅ¡Ã nárůst ve výsledku. Z tohoto zákona jsou vyjÃmky, platà vÅ¡ak
lokálnÄ; "
+"pokud budete pokraÄovat ve zvyÅ¡ovánà vstupů, necháte nakonec vyjÃmky
za "
+"sebou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, you can make traffic flow more smoothly by improving roads. "
+"Adding one lane to 20 miles of congested roads in a city might increase the "
+"average traffic speed by 15 miles an hour. Adding a second lane to those "
+"roads will not give the same improvement; this might increase the average "
+"speed by only 5 more miles an hour. The next additional lane might make no "
+"noticeable difference if the traffic jams are already gone. Yet each "
+"successive lane will cause greater dislocation as more and more buildings "
+"must be torn down to make room."
+msgstr ""
+"Můžete napÅÃklad zvýšit plynulost dopravnÃho provozu zlepÅ¡enÃm cest.
"
+"PÅidánÃm jednoho jÃzdnÃho pruhu k 20 mÃlÃm pÅeplnÄných cest ve
mÄstÄ může "
+"zvýšit průmÄrnou rychlost dopravy o 15 mil za hodinu. PÅidánà druhého
"
+"jÃzdnÃho pruhu k tÄmto cestám nedá stejné zlepÅ¡enÃ; může to
zvýšit průmÄrnou "
+"rychlost jen o 5 mil za hodinu. DalÅ¡Ã pÅidaný pruh může způsobit "
+"nezaznamenatelný rozdÃl, pokud dopravnà zácpy již pominuly. PÅesto
každý "
+"následný pruh způsobà vÄtÅ¡Ã dislokaci a vÃce a vÃce budov musà být
strhnuto, "
+"aby uvolnily mÃsto."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When applied to the activities of musicians, diminishing returns tells us "
+"that each successive increase in the income of musicians will have a smaller "
+"effect on the amount of creativity in music."
+msgstr ""
+"Aplikováno na aktivity hudebnÃků, klesajÃcà výnosy nám ÅÃkajÃ, že
každé "
+"následujÃcà zvýšenà pÅÃjmu hudebnÃků bude mÃt menšà úÄinek na
množstvà "
+"kreativity v hudbÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Diminishing returns is the first reason to reject the idea that any use of "
+"music “should” be covered by copyright. There is nothing to "
+"gain by trying to guarantee owners control of every possible aspect of the "
+"use of music or to give them a financial stake in every possible "
+"aftermarket. Extending copyright can only “promote progress” up "
+"to a certain point. Further extensions merely increase what the public pays "
+"to the owners for what they will do anyway. Extending copyright beyond that "
+"point is certainly undesirable."
+msgstr ""
+"KlesajÃcà výnosy jsou prvnÃm důvodem k zamÃtnutà myÅ¡lenky, že by
jakékoliv "
+"užità hudby âmÄlo býtâ pokryto copyrightem. Nic se nezÃská pokusy
garantovat "
+"vlastnÃkům kontrolu vÅ¡ech možných aspektů užità hudby, Äi
poskytovánÃm "
+"finanÄnÃch podpor v každém možném pÅÃpadÄ. RozÅ¡ÃÅenà copyrightu
může "
+"âpodporovat rozvojâ jen do urÄitého bodu. DalÅ¡Ã rozÅ¡ÃÅenà toliko
zvyšuje to, "
+"co veÅejnost zaplatà vlastnÃkům, pro což oni udÄlajà cokoliv.
RozÅ¡ÃÅenà "
+"copyrightu za tento bod nenà jistÄ Å¾Ã¡doucÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Trade-offs"
+msgstr "Kompromisy"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those with a vested interest in extending copyright start the discussion by "
+"claiming that copyright “should” be extended as far as it can "
+"go. But the principle of diminishing returns renders this claim "
+"implausible. So they fall back on the position that copyright should be "
+"extended to maximize the rate of progress. But this too is wrong, because "
+"it ignores the existence of other trade-offs. Copyright imposes costs and "
+"burdens on the public, like any other government project. The benefit may "
+"not be worth the price."
+msgstr ""
+"Ti s nezadatelným právem na rozÅ¡iÅovánà copyrightu zaÄÃnajà diskusi "
+"požadavkem, že copyright âby mÄlâ být rozÅ¡ÃÅen tak daleko, jak je
jen to "
+"možné. AvÅ¡ak princip klesajÃcÃch výnosů ukazuje tento požadavek jako "
+"nepÅijatelný. Stáhnou se tedy do pozice, že copyright by mÄl být
rozÅ¡ÃÅen k "
+"maximalizaci tempa rozvoje. Toto je ale táké Å¡patnÄ, protože to ignoruje
"
+"existenci dalÅ¡Ãch kompromisů. Copyright uvaluje náklady a bÅÃmÄ na "
+"veÅejnost, jako jakýkoliv jiný vládnà projekt. PÅÃnos nemůše stát
za tu cenu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Government fills many important functions, but few would say that any one of "
+"these functions should be expanded to maximize output. For example, "
+"governments build roads, and this is very useful. But few leaders would "
+"advocate building every road that could be built. Road construction is "
+"expensive, and citizens have other uses for their money. Too much "
+"concentration on building roads means that other social and individual needs "
+"will be unmet."
+msgstr ""
+"Vláda naplÅuje mnoho důležitých funkcÃ, ale jen málo by mohlo ÅÃct,
že "
+"kterákoliv z tÄchto funkcà by mÄla být rozÅ¡ÃÅena k maximalizaci
výstupu. "
+"Vláda napÅÃklad stavà cesty a to je velmi užiteÄné. Ale jen málo
vůdců by "
+"obhájilo stavbu každé cesty, která by mohla být postavena. Výstavba
silnic "
+"je drahá a obÄané majà pro své penÃze jiné využitÃ. PÅÃliÅ¡ná
koncentrace na "
+"stavbu cest znamená, že jiné spoleÄenské a individuálnà potÅeby
zůstanou "
+"nesplnÄny."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The same considerations apply to individual decisions. By spending more "
+"money, you can buy a bigger and fancier house. Most people would prefer the "
+"more expensive house, all else being equal. But given finite resources, at "
+"some point spending more on a house becomes a poor allocation of them."
+msgstr ""
+"Stejné úvahy se vážà k individuálnÃm rozhodnutÃm. UtracenÃm vÃce
penÄz si "
+"můžete koupit vÄtÅ¡Ã a zdobnÄjÅ¡Ã dům. VÄtÅ¡ina lidà by dala
pÅednost dražšÃmu "
+"domu, když vÅ¡e ostatnà zůstane stejné. Ale v urÄitém bodÄ, dáno
koneÄnými "
+"zdroji, se vÄtÅ¡Ã utrácenà za dům stane jejich horÅ¡Ãm rozdÄlenÃm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright does not directly spend public funds, but it does impose a "
+"cost—a loss of freedom—on every citizen. The wider the scope of "
+"copyright, the more freedom we pay. We might prefer to exercise some of our "
+"freedoms rather than trade them away. We must judge any decision in "
+"copyright policy by comparing the benefits with the costs."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright neutrácà veÅejné finance pÅÃmo, ale vynucuje si
nákladyâztrátu "
+"svobodyâna každém obÄanu. ÄÃm Å¡irÅ¡Ã je rozsah copyrightu, tÃm
vÃce svobody "
+"zaplatÃme. Můžeme spÃÅ¡e dát pÅednost využità nÄkterých naÅ¡ich
svobod, než "
+"abychom je prodali. MusÃme posoudit každé rozhodnutà v politice
copyrightu "
+"srovnánÃm pÅÃnosů s náklady."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Incentive” is the wrong concept"
+msgstr "âStimulâ je Å¡patný koncept"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of providing a monetary incentive for making music is based on a "
+"misunderstanding. Musicians hope primarily for other kinds of reward; they "
+"must. Very few musicians get rich from their music; a talented person whose "
+"primary goal is wealth would seek it in other ways."
+msgstr ""
+"MyÅ¡lenka poskytnutà penÄžnÃho stimulu na tvorbu hudby je založena na "
+"nedorozumÄnÃ. HudebnÃci pÅednÄ doufajà v jiné druhy odmÄn; musÃ.
Velmi málo "
+"hudebnÃků svou hudbou zbohatlo; talentovaná osoba, jejÞ primárnà cÃl
je "
+"bohatstvÃ, by ho hledala jinými způsoby."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In fact, psychological studies show that the desire for an extrinsic reward "
+"(such as profit) generally hampers creative activities such as writing "
+"music. The people who can do them well are usually those who do them mostly "
+"for their own sake."
+msgstr ""
+"Ve skuteÄnosti psychologické studie ukazujÃ, že touha po vedlejÅ¡Ã
odmÄnÄ "
+"(jako zisk) obecnÄ pÅekážà kreativnÃm aktivitám, jako psanà hudby.
LidÃ, "
+"kteÅà je dÄlajà dobÅe, jsou obvykle ti, kteÅà je dÄlajà pÅevážnÄ
pro své "
+"vlatnà důvody."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is not to say that musicians don't care about being paid. Most hope to "
+"make a living from music so they will be free to devote their time to it. "
+"As long as they earn enough to live, they will make music as best they can. "
+"We might wish them to earn somewhat more than just enough, so they can live "
+"as well as most Americans. But to offer them wealth beyond this gains the "
+"public little—it is a matter of diminishing returns."
+msgstr ""
+" TÃm nenà ÅeÄeno, že se hudebnÃci nezajÃmajà o své platy. Mnozà si
doufajà "
+"vydÄlat hudbou na živobytÃ, takže jà pak budou moct svobodnÄ vÄnovat
svůj "
+"Äas. Až si vydÄlajà dost na živobytÃ, budou dÄlat hudbu tak dobÅe,
jak jen "
+"dokážou. Můžeme jim pÅát, aby si vydÄlali o nÄco vÃc, než jen dost,
aby "
+"mohli žÃt stejnÄ dobÅe, jako vÄtÅ¡ina AmeriÄanů. Ale nabÃdnout jim
vÃce "
+"bohatstvÃ, tÃm zÃská veÅejnost máloâje to záležitost klesajÃcÃch
výnosů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With this understanding, let's consider how a tax on DAT tape could be "
+"designed to serve the intended purpose of copyright."
+msgstr ""
+"S tÃmto pochopenÃm si pÅedstavme, jak by mohlo být zdanÄnà pásek DAT "
+"navrženo, aby sloužilo zamýšlenému úÄelu copyrightu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Who should get the funds"
+msgstr "Kdo by mÄl finance dostat"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If the purpose of the DAT tax is to better reward musicians and composers, "
+"then all the money collected should go to them—not just 43 percent. "
+"The musicians and composers are the ones who truly create the music. In "
+"principle, we could do without record companies entirely."
+msgstr ""
+"Jestliže je důvodem danÄ z DAT lepÅ¡Ã odmÄna hudebnÃků a skladatelů,
pak by "
+"vÅ¡echny vybrané penÃze mÄly jÃt jimâne jen 43 procent. HudebnÃci a "
+"skladatelé jsou jedinÃ, kteÅà doopravdy tvoÅà hudbu. V zásadÄ bychom
to "
+"mohli dÄlat zcela bez nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Record companies do provide a useful service: they distribute prerecorded "
+"copies of music, usually of high quality. This service is widely used, and "
+"will probably remain so. And it is right that the purchasers of prerecorded "
+"copies should pay for this service. But listeners making copies for "
+"themselves or their friends do not consume this service; they use only the "
+"work of the musicians and composers. The record companies contribute only "
+"incidentally and their role is not essential."
+msgstr ""
+"Nahrávacà spoleÄnosti poskytujà užiteÄnou službu: rozÅ¡iÅujà kopie
nahrávek "
+"hudby, obvykle ve vysoké kvalitÄ. Tato služba je Å¡iroce využÃvána a "
+"pravdÄpodobnÄ tak i zůstane. A je pravda, že kupujÃcà nahrávek by mÄl
za "
+"tuto službu platit. Ale posluchaÄi vytváÅejÃcà kopie pro sebe, nebo
své "
+"pÅátele, totu službu nespotÅebovávajÃ; pouze užÃvajà práci
hudebnÃků a "
+"skladatelů. Nahrávacà spoleÄnosti k tomu pÅispÃvajà jen tak mimochodem
a "
+"jejich role nenà esenciálnÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Dividing the funds"
+msgstr "RozdÄlovánà financÃ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What share of the tax revenues should each musician or composer get? The "
+"record company proposal would divide the money in proportion to record sales."
+msgstr ""
+"Jaký dÃl pÅÃjmů z danÄ by mÄl každý hudebnÃk Äi skladatel dostat?
Návrh "
+"nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostà by rozdÄlil penÃze proporcionálnÄ dle prodeje
"
+"nahrávek."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It makes sense to distribute the funds based on how much that musician's "
+"work is copied, more or less. But strict proportionality is not the best "
+"apportionment. If each musician gets a share in strict proportion to the "
+"amount of copying of his or her music, then a large share will go to make a "
+"few superstars even richer than they are now. This won't do much to promote "
+"musical culture or diversity."
+msgstr ""
+"VÃce ménÄ dává smysl rozdÄlovat finance podle toho, jako moc je
hudebnÃkova "
+"práce kopÃrována. Ale pÅÃsná proporcionalita nenà nejlepÅ¡Ã
rozdÄlenÃ. "
+"Jestliže každý hudebnÃk dostane podÃl pÅÃsnÄ podle proporcÃ
kopÃrovánà jeho, "
+"Äi jejÃ, hudby, pak velký podÃl obohatà nÄkolik málo supervÄzd
jÄÅ¡tÄ vÃce, "
+"než jsou teÄ. Toto moc nepodpoÅà hudebnà kulturu, nebo rozmanitost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We can promote music more effectively by making any one musician's share of "
+"the tax revenues taper off as copies increase. For example, we could "
+"calculate an “adjusted number of copies” which, beyond a certain "
+"point, increases more slowly than the actual number."
+msgstr ""
+"Můžeme podpoÅit hudbu mnohem efektivnÄji tÃm, že podÃl z pÅÃjmu z
danÄ "
+"kteréhokoliv hudebnÃka se bude zužovat, jak porostou kopie. Mohli bychom "
+"napÅÃklad spoÄÃtat âdané množstvà kopiÃâ, které se bude po
pÅekroÄenà "
+"urÄitého bodu zvyÅ¡ovat mnohem pomaleji, než aktuálnà množstvÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The effect of tapering off will be to spread the money more widely, "
+"supporting more musicians at an adequate standard of living. This "
+"encourages diversity, which is what copyright is supposed to do."
+msgstr ""
+"ÃÄinek zužovánà rozprostÅe penÃze mnohem Å¡ÃÅeji, podporujÃc vÃce
hudebnÃků "
+"na adekvátnÃm standardu životnà úrovnÄ. To podpoÅà rozliÄnost, což
je to, co "
+"má být úÄelem copyrightu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The US government has already established a program to fund diversity in the "
+"arts: the <acronym title=\"National Endowment for the Arts\">NEA</acronym>. "
+"However, NEA grants involve discretionary power, which makes them a center "
+"for controversy, sometimes because a few members of the public strongly "
+"dislike the work, and sometimes because hardly anyone particularly likes "
+"it. Spreading out DAT tax revenues will also have the effect of supporting "
+"less popular musicians. However, it will not support musicians whose work "
+"nobody likes. In addition, since it involves no discretion, no arbitrary "
+"decisions, there is little room for objection on account of any particular "
+"case."
+msgstr ""
+"Vláda USA již zavedla program financovánà diverzity v umÄnÃch: <abbr
title="
+"\"National Endowment for the Arts\">NEA</abbr>. Avšak granty NEA vyžadujà "
+"plnou moc, která je Äinà stÅedem kontroverznosti, nÄkdy proto, že
nÄkolik "
+"Älenů veÅejnosti silnÄ nemá rádo umÄlecká dÃla, a nÄkdy proto, že
témÄÅ "
+"každý je ÄásteÄnÄ rád má. RozÅ¡iÅovánà danÄ z DAT bude mÃt také
úÄinek na "
+"podpoÅe ménÄ populárnÃch hudebnÃků. Nebude vÅ¡ak podporovat
hudebnÃky, "
+"jejichž dÃla nemá rád nikdo. NavÃc, dokud vyžaduje žádnou volnost,
žádné "
+"svévolné rozhodnutÃ, je zde málo prostoru pro námitky na úÄet
nÄjakého "
+"konkrétnÃho pÅÃpadu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>[I was later asked an interesting question: what organization would "
+"“manage” the distribution of these funds. Since this is tax "
+"money, a government agency should collect the tax and distribute the funds. "
+"Private organizations should not be involved.]</em>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Encouraging home copying"
+msgstr "Encouraging home copying"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The record company proposal includes a requirement to make it difficult for "
+"home listeners to make copies. Specifically, it requires that consumer DAT "
+"machines refuse to copy a copy that was made on a consumer DAT machine. The "
+"argument for this requirement is based on the assumption that home copying "
+"is somehow unfair."
+msgstr ""
+"Návrh nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostà zahrnuje požadavek na ztÞenÃ
vytváÅenà kopià "
+"domácÃmi posluchaÄi. KonkrétnÄ vyžaduje, aby spotÅebitelská
zaÅÃzenà DAT "
+"odmÃtaly kopÃrovat kopie vytvoÅené na spotÅebitelských zaÅÃzenÃch
DAT. "
+"Argument pro tento požadavek je založen na domnÄnce, že domácÃ
kopÃrovánà je "
+"jaksi nepoctivé."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the past, many people have considered it unfair, because it reduced the "
+"income of musicians. The DAT tax makes this reason obsolete. Once home "
+"copying does contribute to the income of musicians, through the DAT tax, the "
+"reason to discourage home copying disappears."
+msgstr ""
+"DÅÃve to mnoho lidà považovalo za nepoctivé, protože to snižovalo
pÅÃjmy "
+"hudebnÃků. DaÅ z DAT Äinà tento důvod pÅekonaným. Jak jednou domácÃ
"
+"kopÃrovánà pÅispÄje k pÅÃjmu hudebnÃků, skrze daÅ z DAT, důvod k
odrazovánà "
+"od domácÃho kopÃrovánà zmizÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Therefore, if a DAT tax is adopted, the ability to copy DAT tapes should not "
+"be restricted. Home copying is more efficient than record companies and "
+"record stores; music lovers should be encouraged to use home copying as much "
+"as possible."
+msgstr ""
+"TudÞ, je-li daÅ z DAT pÅijata, schopnost kopÃrovat pásky DAT by
nemÄla být "
+"omezována. Domácà kopÃrovánà je úÄelnÄjÅ¡Ã, než nahrávacÃ
spoleÄnosti a "
+"obchody s nahrávkami; milovnÃci hudby by mÄli být podporováni v
použÃvánà "
+"domácÃho kopÃrovánÃ, jak je jen možné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Measuring the use of each piece of music"
+msgstr "MÄÅenà užità každé hudebnà skladby"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Today, nearly all the recorded music in the United States is purchased in "
+"record stores; home copying is but a small fraction. This will probably "
+"remain true for a long time, because record stores offer a place where a "
+"person can go to find a particular piece or to browse a wide selection. "
+"While this remains true, we can usually estimate the audience of a given "
+"piece fairly well by counting record sales."
+msgstr ""
+"Dnes je témÄÅ veÅ¡kerá nahraná hudba ve Spojených Státech kupována v "
+"obchodech s nahrávkami; domácà kopÃrovánà netvoÅà než malý zlomek.
To "
+"pravdÄpodobnÄ jeÅ¡tÄ dlouho zůstane pravdou, protože obchody s
nahrávkami "
+"nabÃzejà mÃsto, kam ÄlovÄk může pÅijÃt hledat konkrétnà skladbu,
nebo "
+"procházet Å¡iroký výbÄr. Pokud toto zůstává pravdou, můžeme
zpravidla dost "
+"dobÅe odhadnout posluchaÄstvo dané skladby spoÄÃtánÃm prodaných
nahrávek."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Eventually, home copying may become so widespread that estimating its extent "
+"from sales figures may be unsatisfactory. This is already unsatisfactory "
+"for musicians who distribute independently without the help of record "
+"companies; and if any musicians need additional support, these are the "
+"ones. We need another way to estimate usage of any given piece, in order to "
+"distribute the tax funds."
+msgstr ""
+"Nakonec se může domácà kopÃrovánà stát tak rozÅ¡ÃÅeným, že
odhadovánà jeho "
+"rozsahu z poÄtu prodejů se může stát nevyhovujÃcÃm. Je to již
nevyhovujÃcà "
+"pro hudebnÃky, kteÅà šÃÅà nezávisle bez pomoci nahrávacÃch
spoleÄnostÃ; a "
+"jestliže nÄjaký hudebnÃk potÅebuje dalÅ¡Ã podporu, tyto jsou jediné. "
+"PotÅebujeme jiný způsob odhadovánà užÃvánà jakýchkoliv daných
skladeb, kvůli "
+"rozdÄlenà financà z danÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We can make these estimates by survey. From time to time, survey staff "
+"would ask randomly chosen members of the public to show what copies they "
+"have made of copyrighted music. The citizens asked would not be required to "
+"answer. But no penalty and no guilt would attach to having made copies, so "
+"most people will be glad to participate. Fans will hope to be chosen so "
+"that they can contribute to the count for their favorite musical groups."
+msgstr ""
+"Můžeme provádÄt tyto odhady výzkumem. Äas od Äasu by se výzkumnÃci
ptali "
+"náhodnÄ vybraných Älenů veÅejnosti, aby ukázali, jaké kopie
copyrightované "
+"hudby si poÅÃdili. Dotázanà obÄané by nemuseli odpovÃdat. Ale s
obstaránÃm "
+"kopià by se nepojily žádné pokuty a vina, takže vÄtÅ¡ina lidà by se na
tom "
+"ráda podÃlela. FanouÅ¡ci budou doufat, aby byli vybráni, aby tak
pÅispÄli k "
+"souÄtu pro jejich oblÃbené hudebnà skupiny."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To make the survey more efficient and broader-based (and thus more "
+"accurate), it could be automated. The survey bureau could mail read-write "
+"memory cards to the chosen participants, who would connect them momentarily "
+"to their DAT units and then mail them back. With proper design, the survey "
+"bureau would have no way of knowing who had sent in any particular card, and "
+"thus no information about who had copied what, but they would still have an "
+"accurate total."
+msgstr ""
+"ProvádÄnà výzkumu by mohlo být z důvodu vÄtšà úÄinnosti a Å¡ÃÅi
(a tudÞ "
+"pÅesnosti) automatizované. Výzkumný úÅad by mohl rozesÃlat poÅ¡tou
vybraným "
+"úÄastnÃkům pamÄÅ¥ové karty pro Ätenà a zápis, ti by je pÅechodnÄ
pÅipojily k "
+"jejich jednotkám DAT a poté by je zaslaly zpátky. Se správným
navrženÃm by "
+"výzkumný úÅad nÄmÄl způsob, jak poznat, kdo zaslal nÄjakou
konkrétnà kartu, "
+"a tudÞ i informaci, kdo co okopÃroval, ale poÅád by mÄl pÅesný
souÄet."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "ZávÄr"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The record companies have proposed an excellent scheme for taxing the public "
+"to increase their own income, but this isn't a legitimate purpose of "
+"copyright. Through due attention to the ends of copyright rather than past "
+"means, we can design a system which supports musicians while giving citizens "
+"full freedom to copy music as they wish."
+msgstr ""
+"Nahrávacà spoleÄnosti navrhly výteÄné schéma zdanÄnà veÅejnosti na
zvýšenà "
+"jejich vlastnÃch pÅÃjmů, avÅ¡ak to nenà pravý úÄel copyrightu.
UpÅenÃm "
+"pozornosti na cÃle copyrightu, spÃÅ¡e než na bývalou myÅ¡lenku, můžeme "
+"navrhnout systém podporujÃcà hudebnÃky a dávajÃcà obÄanům plnou
svobodu "
+"kopÃrovat hudbu dle jejich pÅánÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "What You Can Do"
+msgstr "Co můžete udÄlat"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <em>[This section is no longer applicable today; it is too late, because
+# | the DAT tax [-was-] bill was [-already passed-] {+adopted in
+# | 1992—and DAT recorders are obsolete nowadays. However, the same
+# | method can support musicians+} and [-signed.]</em>-] {+other artists in a
+# | world where sharing copies on the Internet has been legalized.]</em>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>[This section is no longer applicable today; it is too late, because "
+#| "the DAT tax was bill was already passed and signed.]</em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>[This section is no longer applicable today; it is too late, because the "
+"DAT tax bill was adopted in 1992—and DAT recorders are obsolete "
+"nowadays. However, the same method can support musicians and other artists "
+"in a world where sharing copies on the Internet has been legalized.]</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"[Tato sekce již dnes nenà použitelná; je pÅÃliÅ¡ pozdÄ, protože daÅ
z DAT "
+"byla navržena, byla již schválena a podepsána.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Record company lobbyists are working hard to pass their form of DAT tax. "
+"There is little organized opposition, and little public debate. Their bill "
+"has already been sent out of committee in the Senate."
+msgstr ""
+"Lobisté nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostà se Äinili, aby proÅ¡la jejich forma
danÄ z "
+"DAT. Je zde málo organizovaná opozice a málo veÅejných debat. Jejich
návrh "
+"zákona již byl zaslán výboru v Senátu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This article proposes an alternative to the record company plan. In order "
+"for this alternative, or any alternative, to have a chance, we must first "
+"prevent the hasty adoption of the record company plan. To help accomplish "
+"this, please write letters to:"
+msgstr ""
+"Tento Älánek navrhuje alternativu k plánu nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostÃ.
Kvůli "
+"této alternativÄ, Äi jiným alternativám, musÃme nejprve pÅedejÃt
ukvapenému "
+"pÅijetà plánu nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostÃ. Na pomoc dosáhnutà tohoto,
pište "
+"prosÃm dopisy na:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "Congressman Barney Frank"
+msgstr "Congressman Barney Frank"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "437 Cherry St"
+msgstr "437 Cherry St"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "West Newton, MA 02165"
+msgstr "West Newton, MA 02165"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "Senator Metzenbaum"
+msgstr "Senator Metzenbaum"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "United States Senate"
+msgstr "United States Senate"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "Washington, DC 20510"
+msgstr "Washington, DC 20510"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "House Subcommittee on Intellectual Property"
+msgstr "House Subcommittee on Intellectual Property"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "House of Representatives"
+msgstr "House of Representatives"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "Washington, DC 20515"
+msgstr "Washington, DC 20515"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Urge Congress to reject the record company bill so that this and other "
+"alternatives can be properly considered. It takes just a few minutes to "
+"write a short letter, but in combination with other people's letters it can "
+"do a great deal of good."
+msgstr ""
+"Naléhejte na Kongres, aby odmÃtl návrh zákona nahrávacÃch
spoleÄnostÃ, takže "
+"může být zvážena tato a dalšà alternativy. Zabere pouze pár minut
napsat "
+"krátký dopis, ale v kombinaci s dopisy ostatnÃch lidà to může udÄlat
velký "
+"kus dobra."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you know any musicians, composers, or songwriters, give them copies of "
+"this article. Many musicians prefer this alternative to the record company "
+"tax plan, and they are strongly motivated to act on their concern."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud znáte nÄjaké hudebnÃky, skladatele, nebo textaÅe, dejte jim kopie "
+"tohoto Älánku. Mnoho hudebnÃků preferuje tuto alternativu pÅed daÅovým
"
+"plánem nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostà a jsou silnÄ motivovánà k jednánà na
jejich "
+"záležitosti."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright 1992, [-2010-] {+2010, 2014+} Richard M. Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Copyright 1992, 2010 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgid "Copyright © 1992, 2010, 2014 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 1992 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<em> [This section is no longer applicable today; it is too late, because "
+#~ "the DAT tax was bill was already passed and signed.] </em>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "[Tato sekce již dnes nenà použitelná; je pÅÃliÅ¡ pozdÄ, protože
daÅ z DAT "
+#~ "byla navržena, byla již schválena a podepsána.]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<em> [The article above was published in Wired magazine in 1992. The "
+#~ "record company DAT tax bill was later signed into law by President George "
+#~ "“read my lips” Bush. Although this was shortly before the "
+#~ "1992 election, little attention was paid to the fact that he had once "
+#~ "again broken his vow not to approve any new taxes.] </em>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<em>[Výše uvedený Älánek byl publikován v magazÃnu Wired v roce
1992. "
+#~ "Návrh zákona nahrávacÃch spoleÄnostà na daÅ z DAT byl pozdÄji
schválen "
+#~ "prezidentem Georgem âodezÃrej mi ze rtůâ Bushem. AÄkoliv to bylo
krátce "
+#~ "pÅed volbami 1992, jen malá pozornost byla vÄnována faktu, že zase
jednou "
+#~ "poruÅ¡il svůj slib neschvalovat žádné nové danÄ.]</em>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Verbatim copying in any medium is permitted without fee provided the "
+#~ "copyright notice and this notice are preserved."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Doslovné kopÃrovánà na jakémkoliv médiu je povoleno bez poplatku "
+#~ "podporujÃcà copyrightované známky a tyto známky jsou chránÄny."
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# Czech translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: freedom-or-power.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-31 06:29+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2009-09-27 02:20+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Freedom Or Power? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Svoboda Äi moc? â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, general, public, license, gpl, "
+"general public license, freedom, software, power, rights"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Nadace pro svobodný software , Linux, obecné, veÅejnost,
licence, gpl, general public license, svoboda, software, moc, práva"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"In this essay, Freedom or Power?, Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman "
+"discuss the reasons that the free software movement doesn't advocate the so-"
+"called freedom to choose any license you want for software you write."
+msgstr ""
+"V eseji âSvoboda Äi moc?â diskutujà Bradley M. Kuhn a Richard M.
Stallman o důvodech, proÄ hnutà svobodného software neprosazuje takzvanou
svobodu výbÄru jakékoli licence pro software, který pÃÅ¡ete."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Freedom or Power?"
+msgstr "Svoboda Äi moc?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"napsali <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> a <strong>Richard M. Stallman</"
+"strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the love of "
+"ourselves."
+msgstr ""
+"Láska ke svobodÄ je láskou k druhým; láska k moci je láskou k nám
samotným."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "-- William Hazlitt"
+msgstr "-- William Hazlitt"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of "
+"software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are necessary "
+"for a good way of life, and permit useful programs to foster a community of "
+"goodwill, cooperation, and collaboration. <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">Our criteria for free software</a> specify the freedoms that a program's "
+"users need so that they can cooperate in a community."
+msgstr ""
+"V hnutà svobodného software usilujeme o svobodu pro uživatele. Naše
názory "
+"jsme si vytvoÅili na základÄ uvÄdomÄnÃ, jaké svobody jsou tÅeba k
dobrému "
+"způsobu života, k tomu, aby mohly dobré programy podpoÅit spolupráci a "
+"komunitu založenou na dobré vůli. Svobody, které uživatel programu "
+"potÅebuje, aby mohl spolupracovat s ostatnÃmi, blÞe specifikujà <a
href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-sw.html\">naše kritéria pro svobodný software</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We stand for freedom for programmers as well as for other users. Most of us "
+"are programmers, and we want freedom for ourselves as well as for you. But "
+"each of us uses software written by others, and we want freedom when using "
+"that software, not just when using our own code. We stand for freedom for "
+"all users, whether they program often, occasionally, or not at all."
+msgstr ""
+"Usilujeme o svobodu pro programátory stejnÄ jako pro ostatnà uživatele. "
+"VÄtÅ¡inu z nás tvoÅà programátoÅi a svobodu chceme stejnÄ pro sebe
jako pro "
+"vás. Každý z nás vÅ¡ak použÃvá software, kteÅà napsali jinÃ, a my
požadujeme "
+"svobodu i na použÃvánà tohoto software, ne pouze na použità naÅ¡eho
vlastnÃho "
+"kódu. Usilujeme o svobodu pro vÅ¡echny uživatele, aÅ¥ již programujÃ
Äasto, "
+"pÅÃležitostnÄ anebo vůbec ne."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, one so-called freedom that we do not advocate is the “freedom "
+"to choose any license you want for software you write.” We reject this "
+"because it is really a form of power, not a freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Na druhou stranu, nepodporujeme jednu z takzvaných âsvobodâ: âsvobodu
výbÄru "
+"jakékoli licence na vámi napsaný software.â OdmÃtáme to, protože se
jedná o "
+"formu moci, nikoli svobody."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This oft overlooked distinction is crucial. Freedom is being able to make "
+"decisions that affect mainly you; power is being able to make decisions that "
+"affect others more than you. If we confuse power with freedom, we will fail "
+"to uphold real freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Toto Äasto pÅehlÞené rozliÅ¡ovánà je rozhodujÃcÃ. Svoboda znamená,
že můžete "
+"dÄlat rozhodnutÃ, která ovlivnà pÅevážnÄ vás; moc znamená, že
můžete dÄlat "
+"rozhodnutÃ, která ovlivnà vÃce ostatnà než vás. Pokud si budeme plést
moc se "
+"svobodou, selžeme pÅi podporovánà opravdové svobody."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Proprietary software-]{+Making a program proprietary+} is an exercise of
+# | power. Copyright law today grants software developers that power, so they
+# | and only they choose the rules to impose on everyone else—a
+# | relatively [-few-] {+small number of+} people make the basic software
+# | decisions for [-everyone,-] {+all users,+} typically by denying their
+# | freedom. When users lack the freedoms that define free software, they
+# | can't tell what the software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't
+# | monitor possible viruses and worms, can't find out what personal
+# | information is being reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find
+# | out). If it breaks, they can't fix it; they have to wait for the
+# | developer to exercise its power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what
+# | they need, they are stuck with it. They can't help each other improve it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Proprietary software is an exercise of power. Copyright law today grants "
+#| "software developers that power, so they and only they choose the rules to "
+#| "impose on everyone else—a relatively few people make the basic "
+#| "software decisions for everyone, typically by denying their freedom. "
+#| "When users lack the freedoms that define free software, they can't tell "
+#| "what the software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't monitor "
+#| "possible viruses and worms, can't find out what personal information is "
+#| "being reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find out). If it "
+#| "breaks, they can't fix it; they have to wait for the developer to "
+#| "exercise its power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what they need, "
+#| "they are stuck with it. They can't help each other improve it."
+msgid ""
+"Making a program proprietary is an exercise of power. Copyright law today "
+"grants software developers that power, so they and only they choose the "
+"rules to impose on everyone else—a relatively small number of people "
+"make the basic software decisions for all users, typically by denying their "
+"freedom. When users lack the freedoms that define free software, they can't "
+"tell what the software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't monitor "
+"possible viruses and worms, can't find out what personal information is "
+"being reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find out). If it "
+"breaks, they can't fix it; they have to wait for the developer to exercise "
+"its power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what they need, they are stuck "
+"with it. They can't help each other improve it."
+msgstr ""
+"Proprietárnà software znamená uplatÅovánà moci. Zákon o copyrightu
zaruÄuje "
+"v dneÅ¡nà dobÄ tuto moc softwarovým vývojáÅům, takže si pouze oni
vybÃrajà "
+"pravidla, kterými se pak musà ÅÃdit vÅ¡ichni ostatnÃ. RelativnÄ malá
skupina "
+"lidà ÅeÅ¡Ã základnà rozhodnutà týkajÃcà se software za vÅ¡echny
ostatnà a to "
+"zpravidla odebránÃm jejich svobody. Pokud uživatelé postrádajà svobody,
"
+"které definuje svobodný software, nemohou ÅÃci, jak software pracuje, "
+"nemohou nacházet chyby v ochranných systémech, monitorovat možné viry a "
+"wormy, ani nezjistÃ, jaké osobnà informace jsou odesÃlány ven
(pÅÃpadnÄ "
+"nemohou odesÃlánà zabránit, pÅestože to zjistÃ). Dojde-li k problému,
"
+"nemohou jej opravit. Musà Äekat, až vývojáŠvyužije svou moc a udÄlá
to. "
+"Pokud to jednoduÅ¡e nenà to, co potÅebujÃ, nic s tÃm nenadÄlajÃ.
Nemohou si "
+"pomáhat vlastnÃmi vylepÅ¡enÃmi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software developers are often businesses. We in the free "
+"software movement are not opposed to business, but we have seen what happens "
+"when a software business has the “freedom” to impose arbitrary "
+"rules on the users of software. Microsoft is an egregious example of how "
+"denying users' freedoms can lead to direct harm, but it is not the only "
+"example. Even when there is no monopoly, proprietary software harms "
+"society. A choice of masters is not freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"VývojáÅi proprietárnÃho software bývajà Äasto komerÄnà firmy. My,
Älenové "
+"hnutà za svobodný software, se nestavÃme proti komerci, ale již jsme
vidÄli, "
+"co se stane, když má komerÄnà firma âsvoboduâ diktovat uživatele
software "
+"libovolná pravidla. Microsoft je znamenitým, ne vÅ¡ak jediným pÅÃkladem
toho, "
+"jak může vést odepÅenà svobody uživatelům k pÅÃmé Å¡kodÄ.
Proprietárnà "
+"software spoleÄnosti Å¡kodÃ, i když se nejedná o monopol. A výbÄr pána
nenà "
+"svobodou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated on
+# | the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world program
+# | regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software businesses.
+# | But the entire developed world now needs and uses software, so software
+# | developers now control the way [-the world-] {+it+} lives, does business,
+# | communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and political issues are
+# | not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of choice (for developers
+# | only).”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated on "
+#| "the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world program "
+#| "regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software "
+#| "businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses software, "
+#| "so software developers now control the way the world lives, does "
+#| "business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and political "
+#| "issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of choice (for "
+#| "developers only).”"
+msgid ""
+"Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated on the "
+"interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world program regularly, "
+"and fewer still are owners of proprietary software businesses. But the "
+"entire developed world now needs and uses software, so software developers "
+"now control the way it lives, does business, communicates, and is "
+"entertained. The ethical and political issues are not addressed by the "
+"slogan of “freedom of choice (for developers only).”"
+msgstr ""
+"Diskuse o právech a pravidlech týkajÃcÃch se software se Äasto
soustÅeÄujà "
+"na zájmy samotných programátorů. Na svÄtÄ vÅ¡ak pravidelnÄ programuje
jen "
+"málo lidà a jeÅ¡tÄ ménÄ jich vlastnà komerÄnà proprietárnà firmu.
Software "
+"dnes použÃvá a potÅebuje celý rozvinutý svÄt, takže vývojáÅi nynÃ
kontrolujà "
+"způsob, jakým svÄt žije, obchoduje, komunikuje a bavà se. Slogan
âsvoboda "
+"výbÄru (pouze pro vývojáÅe)â zkrátka etické a politické problémy
spojené se "
+"software neÅeÅ¡Ã."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If “code is law,” <a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> then the real question "
+"we face is: who should control the code you use—you, or an elite few? "
+"We believe you are entitled to control the software you use, and giving you "
+"that control is the goal of free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Je-li âzdrojový kód zákonemâ, <a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> stojÃme pÅed "
+"následujÃcà otázkou: kdo by mÄl kontrolovat kód, který použÃváte
â vy, anebo "
+"hrstka vyvolených? VÄÅÃme, že máte právo mÃt kontrolu nad vámi
použÃvaným "
+"software, a cÃlem hnutà svobodného software je vám ji dát."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We believe you should decide what to do with the software you use; however, "
+"that is not what today's law says. Current copyright law places us in the "
+"position of power over users of our code, whether we like it or not. The "
+"ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for each user, "
+"just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government power by "
+"guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a href=\"/copyleft/"
+"copyleft.html\">GNU General Public License</a> is for: it puts you in "
+"control of your usage of the software while <a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"copyleft.html\">protecting you from others</a> who would like to take "
+"control of your decisions."
+msgstr ""
+"VÄÅÃme, že byste to mÄli být vy, kdo se rozhodne, jak naložÃte se
software, "
+"který použÃváte. To ovÅ¡em nenà v souladu s dneÅ¡nÃmi zákony. DneÅ¡nÃ
zákon o "
+"copyrightu nás umisÅ¥uje do pozice nadÅazené pozici uživatelů naÅ¡eho
kódu, ať "
+"se nám to lÃbÃ, Äi nikoliv. Etickou odpovÄdà na tento stav je
vyhlášenà "
+"svobody pro každého uživatele, stejnÄ jako Listina práv má použÃt
vládnà "
+"moc, aby zaruÄila jednotlivci obÄanské svobody. K tomu sloužà <a
href=\"/"
+"copyleft/copyleft.html\">GNU General Public License</a>: dává vám kontrolu
"
+"nad vaÅ¡Ãm použitÃm software, zatÃmco <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+"\">vás chránà pÅed tÄmi, kdo by rádi pÅevzali tuto kontrolu za
vás</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As more and more users realize that code is law, and come to feel that they "
+"too deserve freedom, they will see the importance of the freedoms we stand "
+"for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the practical value "
+"of the free software we have developed."
+msgstr ""
+"VÃce a vÃce uživatelů si uvÄdomuje, že zdrojový kód je zákon a
pÅicházejà na "
+"to, že si také zasloužà svobodu. Porozumà tak, jak důležité jsou
svobody, o "
+"nÄž usilujeme, stejnÄ jako stále vÃce uživatelů ocenilo praktickou
hodnotu "
+"svobodného software, který jsme vyvinuli."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Poznámky pod Äarou"
+
+#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"f1\"></a> William J. Mitchell, <em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and "
+"the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by "
+"Lawrence Lessig in <em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> "
+"(New York, NY: Basic Books, 2006), p. 5."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"f1\"></a> William J. Mitchell, <em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and "
+"the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, jak citoval "
+"Lawrence Lessig v <em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> "
+"(New York, NY: Basic Books, 2006), p. 5."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato esej vyšla v knize <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-";
+"free-society/\"><cite>Svobodný software, Svobodná spoleÄnost: Vybrané
eseje "
+"Richarda M. Stallmana</cite></a> (anglicky)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2009 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2001 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted "
+"without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Doslovné kopÃrovánà a Å¡ÃÅenà tohoto dokumentu bez licenÄnÃho
poplatku na "
+"jakémkoli médiu je dovoleno pod podmÃnkou, že bude zachováno toto
upozornÄnÃ."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1049 @@
+# Czech translation of
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2002.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: free-software-for-freedom.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-18 06:59+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-08-26 21:59+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Why “Free Software” is better than “Open Source” - "
+"GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"ProÄ je užÃvánà pojmu âsvobodný softwareâ lepÅ¡Ã než âOpen
Sourceâ (otevÅený "
+"zdrojový kód) â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid ""
+"Why “Free Software” is better than “Open Source”"
+msgstr ""
+"ProÄ je užÃvánà pojmu âsvobodný softwareâ lepÅ¡Ã než âOpen
Sourceâ (otevÅený "
+"zdrojový kód)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This article has been superseded by a major rewrite, <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"open-source-misses-the-point.html\">“Open Source” misses the "
+"point of Free Software</a>, which is much better. We keep this version for "
+"historical reasons."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"While free software by any other name would give you the same freedom, it "
+"makes a big difference which name we use: different words <em>convey "
+"different ideas</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"AÄkoli vám svobodný software, aÅ¥ se nazývá jakkoli, poskytuje stejnou "
+"svobodu, velký rozdÃl ÄinÃ, který pojem užÃváme: různá slova
<em>sdÄlujà "
+"různé myšlenky</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using the
+# | term <a href=\"https://opensource.org/\";>“open source
+# | software”</a> instead of <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">“free software”</a> to
+# | describe what they do. The term “open source” quickly became
+# | associated with a different approach, a different philosophy, different
+# | values, and even a different criterion for which licenses are acceptable.
+# | The Free Software movement and the Open Source movement are today
+# | [-effectively-] <a href=\"#relationship\"> separate [-movements</a>,-]
+# | {+movements</a> with different views and goals,+} although we can and do
+# | work together on {+some+} practical projects.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using "
+#| "the term <a href=\"https://opensource.org/\";>“open source "
+#| "software”</a> instead of <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+#| "\">“free software”</a> to describe what they do. The term "
+#| "“open source” quickly became associated with a different "
+#| "approach, a different philosophy, different values, and even a different "
+#| "criterion for which licenses are acceptable. The Free Software movement "
+#| "and the Open Source movement are today effectively <a href=\"#relationship"
+#| "\"> separate movements</a>, although we can and do work together on "
+#| "practical projects."
+msgid ""
+"In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using the "
+"term <a href=\"https://opensource.org/\";>“open source software”</"
+"a> instead of <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">“free "
+"software”</a> to describe what they do. The term “open "
+"source” quickly became associated with a different approach, a "
+"different philosophy, different values, and even a different criterion for "
+"which licenses are acceptable. The Free Software movement and the Open "
+"Source movement are today <a href=\"#relationship\"> separate movements</a> "
+"with different views and goals, although we can and do work together on some "
+"practical projects."
+msgstr ""
+"V roce 1998 nÄkteÅà lidé ze spoleÄenstvà svobodného softwaru zaÄali
užÃvat "
+"pojem â<a href=\"https://opensource.org/\";>open source software</"
+"a>â (software s otevÅeným zdrojovým kódem) mÃsto â<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"sw.html\">free software</a>â (svobodný software), aby popsali, co
vytváÅejÃ. "
+"Pojem âopen sourceâ (otevÅený zdrojový kód) brzy zaÄal být
spojován s jiným "
+"pÅÃstupem, jinou filozofiÃ, jinými hodnotami a zvláštÄ jinými
kritérii, pro "
+"které licence je pÅijatelný. Hnutà svobodný software a hnutà Open
Source "
+"(otevÅený zdrojový kód) jsou dnes fakticky <a href=\"#relationship"
+"\">oddÄlená hnutÃ</a>, aÄkoli spoleÄnÄ můžeme pracovat a pracujeme na
"
+"konkrétnÃch projektech."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The fundamental difference between the two movements is in their values, "
+"their ways of looking at the world. For the Open Source movement, the issue "
+"of whether software should be open source is a practical question, not an "
+"ethical one. As one person put it, “Open source is a development "
+"methodology; free software is a social movement.” For the Open Source "
+"movement, non-free software is a suboptimal solution. For the Free Software "
+"movement, non-free software is a social problem and free software is the "
+"solution."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid ""
+"Relationship between the Free Software movement and Open Source movement"
+msgstr "Vztah mezi hnutÃm Free Software a hnutÃm Open Source"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software movement and the Open Source movement are like two "
+"political camps within the free software community."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato hnutà jsou podobná dvÄma politickým táborům ve spoleÄenstvÃ
svobodného "
+"softwaru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Radical groups in the 1960s developed a reputation for factionalism:
+# | organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy, and
+# | then [-hated each other. They agreed on the basic principles, and
+# | disagreed only on practical recommendations; but they considered-]
+# | {+treated+} each other [-enemies, and fought tooth and nail.-] {+as
+# | enemies.+} Or at least, such is the image people [-have,-] {+have of
+# | them,+} whether or not it was [-accurate.-] {+true.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Radical groups in the 1960s developed a reputation for factionalism: "
+#| "organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy, and "
+#| "then hated each other. They agreed on the basic principles, and "
+#| "disagreed only on practical recommendations; but they considered each "
+#| "other enemies, and fought tooth and nail. Or at least, such is the image "
+#| "people have, whether or not it was accurate."
+msgid ""
+"Radical groups in the 1960s developed a reputation for factionalism: "
+"organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy, and "
+"then treated each other as enemies. Or at least, such is the image people "
+"have of them, whether or not it was true."
+msgstr ""
+"Radikálnà skupiny v 60. letech 20. stoletà si zÃskaly povÄst pro "
+"frakcionáÅstvÃ; organizace se rozdÄlily kvůli neshodám o detailech
strategie "
+"a vzájemnÄ se nenávidÄly. Souhlasily spolu v základnÃch principech a "
+"nesouhlasily pouze v praktických doporuÄenÃch; ale vzájemnÄ se
považovaly za "
+"nepÅátele a bojovaly zuby nehty. Nakonec, tohle je obrázek, který si
lidé "
+"vytvoÅili, aÅ¥ už je Äi nenà pÅesný."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The relationship between the Free Software movement and the Open Source "
+"movement is just the opposite of that picture. We disagree on the basic "
+"principles, but agree more or less on the practical recommendations. So we "
+"can and do work together on many specific projects. We don't think of the "
+"Open Source movement as an enemy. The enemy is <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> proprietary software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Vztah mezi hnutÃm svobodného softwaru a hnutÃm Open Source je právÄ
opakem "
+"takové pÅedstavy. NesouhlasÃme v základnÃch principech, ale vÃceménÄ "
+"souhlasÃme v praktických doporuÄenÃch. Proto můžeme spolupracovat a "
+"spolupracujeme na mnoha specifických projektech. Neuvažujeme o hnutà Open "
+"Source jako o nepÅÃteli. NepÅÃtelem je <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietárnà software</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | We are not against the Open Source movement, but we don't want to be
+# | lumped in with them. We acknowledge that they have contributed to our
+# | community, but we created [-our community.-] {+this community, and we want
+# | people to know this.+} We want people to associate our achievements with
+# | our values and our [-philosophy.-] {+philosophy, not with theirs.+} We
+# | want to be heard, not [-hidden-] {+obscured+} behind a {+group with+}
+# | different [-view.-] {+views. To prevent people from thinking we are part
+# | of them, we take pains to avoid using the word “open” to
+# | describe free software, or its contrary, “closed”, in talking
+# | about non-free software.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We are not against the Open Source movement, but we don't want to be "
+#| "lumped in with them. We acknowledge that they have contributed to our "
+#| "community, but we created our community. We want people to associate our "
+#| "achievements with our values and our philosophy. We want to be heard, "
+#| "not hidden behind a different view."
+msgid ""
+"We are not against the Open Source movement, but we don't want to be lumped "
+"in with them. We acknowledge that they have contributed to our community, "
+"but we created this community, and we want people to know this. We want "
+"people to associate our achievements with our values and our philosophy, not "
+"with theirs. We want to be heard, not obscured behind a group with "
+"different views. To prevent people from thinking we are part of them, we "
+"take pains to avoid using the word “open” to describe free "
+"software, or its contrary, “closed”, in talking about non-free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Nejsme proti hnutà Open Source, ale nechceme s nimi být dáváni dohromady.
"
+"PÅipouÅ¡tÃme, že pÅispÄlo naÅ¡emu spoleÄenstvÃ, ale to jsme si sami
založili. "
+"Chceme, aby se lidé setkávali s našimi vymoženostmi, s našimi hodnotami
a "
+"naÅ¡Ã filozofiÃ. Chceme být slyÅ¡eni, a ne ukryti za jiný pohled na vÄc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So please mention the Free Software movement when you talk about the work we "
+"have done, and the software we have developed—such as the <a href=\"/"
+"gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"Tedy, prosÃm, zmiÅujte hnutà svobodného softwaru, když mluvÃte o
práci, "
+"kterou jsme vykonali, a o softwaru, který jsme vyvinuli, jako je napÅÃklad
"
+"operaÄnà systém <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Comparing the two terms"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This {+rest of this+} article [-describes-] {+compares the two terms
+# | “free software” and “open source”. It shows+} why
+# | [-using-] the term “open source” does not solve any problems,
+# | and in fact creates some. [-These are the reasons why it is better to
+# | stick with “free software.”-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This article describes why using the term “open source” does "
+#| "not solve any problems, and in fact creates some. These are the reasons "
+#| "why it is better to stick with “free software.”"
+msgid ""
+"This rest of this article compares the two terms “free software” "
+"and “open source”. It shows why the term “open "
+"source” does not solve any problems, and in fact creates some."
+msgstr ""
+"Tento Älánek popisuje, proÄ použÃvánà pojmu âopen sourceâ
neÅešà žádné "
+"problémy, ale ve skuteÄnosti dalÅ¡Ã vytváÅÃ. To je důvodem, proÄ je
lepšà "
+"zůstat u âsvobodného softwareâ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Ambiguity"
+msgstr "DvojznaÄnost"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “free software” has an ambiguity problem: an unintended "
+"meaning, “Software you can get for zero price,” fits the term "
+"just as well as the intended meaning, “software which gives the user "
+"certain freedoms.” We address this problem by publishing a <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-sw.html\"> more precise definition of free software</a>, but "
+"this is not a perfect solution; it cannot completely eliminate the problem. "
+"An unambiguously correct term would be better, if it didn't have other "
+"problems."
+msgstr ""
+"Pojem âfree softwareâ (svobodný software) je problematický kvůli své "
+"dvojznaÄnosti: Nezamýšlený význam, âsoftware, který můžete zÃskat
za nulovou "
+"cenuâ, se k pojmu hodà stejnÄ jako zamýšlený význam, âsoftware,
který "
+"poskytuje uživateli urÄité svobodyâ. VÄnovali jsme se tomuto problému
a "
+"zveÅejnili jsme <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">preciznÄjÅ¡Ã definici
"
+"svobodného softwaru</a>, ale nejedná se o dokonalé ÅeÅ¡enÃ; nemůže
úplnÄ "
+"odstranit zmÃnÄný problém. Jiný nedvojznaÄný pojem by byl lepÅ¡Ã,
kdyby "
+"nepÅinášel dalÅ¡Ã potÞe."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Unfortunately, all the alternatives {+in English+} have problems of their
+# | own. We've looked at many alternatives that people have suggested, [-and
+# | while some avoid this problem, they have other problems;-] {+but+} none is
+# | so [-entirely-] {+clearly+} “right” that switching to it would
+# | be a good idea. Every proposed replacement for “free
+# | software” has a similar kind of semantic problem, or worse—and
+# | this includes “open source software.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unfortunately, all the alternatives have problems of their own. We've "
+#| "looked at many alternatives that people have suggested, and while some "
+#| "avoid this problem, they have other problems; none is so entirely “"
+#| "right” that switching to it would be a good idea. Every proposed "
+#| "replacement for “free software” has a similar kind of "
+#| "semantic problem, or worse—and this includes “open source "
+#| "software.”"
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their own. "
+"We've looked at many alternatives that people have suggested, but none is so "
+"clearly “right” that switching to it would be a good idea. "
+"Every proposed replacement for “free software” has a similar "
+"kind of semantic problem, or worse—and this includes “open "
+"source software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Posuzovali jsme mnoho alternativ, které lidé navrhovali, a aÄ nÄkteré se
"
+"zmÃnÄnému problému vyhýbajÃ, pÅinášejà jiné potÞe; žádná
nenà ta úplnÄ "
+"âpraváâ, že by jejà pÅijetà bylo dobrý nápad. Každá navrhovaná
náhrada za "
+"âfree softwareâ má podobný problém sémantického rázu anebo horÅ¡Ã.
A to se "
+"týká i âopen source softwareâ. <a href=\"#tf1\">[1]</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The {+official definition of “open source software,” as
+# | published by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition
+# | of free software; however, it is a little looser in some respects, and
+# | they have accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably
+# | restrictive of the users. However, the+} obvious meaning for {+the
+# | expression+} “open source software” is “You can look at
+# | the source code.” This is a much weaker criterion than free
+# | software; it includes free software, but also some <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> proprietary</a>
+# | programs, [-such as Xv-] {+including Xv,+} and Qt under its original
+# | license (before the QPL).
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The obvious meaning for “open source software” is “You "
+#| "can look at the source code.” This is a much weaker criterion than "
+#| "free software; it includes free software, but also some <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> proprietary</a> "
+#| "programs, such as Xv and Qt under its original license (before the QPL)."
+msgid ""
+"The official definition of “open source software,” as published "
+"by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition of free "
+"software; however, it is a little looser in some respects, and they have "
+"accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive of the "
+"users. However, the obvious meaning for the expression “open source "
+"software” is “You can look at the source code.” This is a "
+"much weaker criterion than free software; it includes free software, but "
+"also some <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> "
+"proprietary</a> programs, including Xv, and Qt under its original license "
+"(before the QPL)."
+msgstr ""
+"SamozÅejmým významem âopen source softwareâ je: âMůžete se
podÃvat do "
+"zdrojového kódu.â To je mnohem slabÅ¡Ã mÄÅÃtko než svobodný
software; tento "
+"význam zahrnuje svobodný software, ale také nÄkteré <a
href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietárnà programy</a> vÄetnÄ Xv
a "
+"Qt v rámci jeho originálnà licence (dÅÃve QPL)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | That obvious meaning for “open source” is not the meaning that
+# | its advocates intend. The result is that most people misunderstand what
+# | [-they-] {+those advocates+} are advocating. Here is how writer Neal
+# | Stephenson defined “open source”:
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "That obvious meaning for “open source” is not the meaning "
+#| "that its advocates intend. The result is that most people misunderstand "
+#| "what they are advocating. Here is how writer Neal Stephenson defined "
+#| "“open source”:"
+msgid ""
+"That obvious meaning for “open source” is not the meaning that "
+"its advocates intend. The result is that most people misunderstand what "
+"those advocates are advocating. Here is how writer Neal Stephenson defined "
+"“open source”:"
+msgstr ""
+"Z tohoto samozÅejmého významu âopen sourceâ neplyne, co jeho obhájci "
+"zamýšlejÃ. Výsledkem je, že vÄtÅ¡ina lidà špatnÄ rozumà tomu, Äeho
se "
+"zastávajÃ. Neal Stephenson definoval âopen sourceâ takto:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Linux is “open source” software meaning, simply, that anyone can "
+"get copies of its source code files."
+msgstr ""
+"Linux je âopen sourceâ software (software s otevÅeným zdrojovým
kódem) a to "
+"jednoduÅ¡e znamená, že kdokoliv může zÃskat kopie souborů s jeho
zdrojovým "
+"kódem."
+
+#. The <a href="http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf";>
+#. state of
+#. Kansas</a> published a similar definition:
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or dispute the “"
+"official” definition. I think he simply applied the conventions of "
+"the English language to come up with a meaning for the term. The state of "
+"Kansas published a similar definition:"
+msgstr ""
+"NemyslÃm si, že by po zralé úvaze shledal, že zamÃtá nebo popÃrá "
+"âoficiálnÃâdefinici. MyslÃm, že jednoduÅ¡e uplatnil zvyklosti
anglického "
+"jazyka, aby vyjádÅil význam toho pojmu. Kansaský stát zveÅejnil
podobnou "
+"definici:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+# | {+Make use of open-source software (OSS).+} OSS is software for which the
+# | source code is freely and publicly available, though the specific
+# | licensing agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that code.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "OSS is software for which the source code is freely and publicly "
+#| "available, though the specific licensing agreements vary as to what one "
+#| "is allowed to do with that code."
+msgid ""
+"Make use of open-source software (OSS). OSS is software for which the source "
+"code is freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing "
+"agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that code."
+msgstr ""
+"OSS (open-source software) je software, jehož zdrojový kód je volnÄ a "
+"veÅejnÄ pÅÃstupný, aÄkoli jednotlivá licenÄnà ujednánà se liÅ¡Ã
podle toho, "
+"co je povoleno s takovým kódem dÄlat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the open source people have tried to deal with this by publishing "
+"a precise definition for the term, just as we have done for “free "
+"software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"SamozÅejmÄ Å¾e lidé kolem open source se s tÃm pokusili vyrovnat
publikovánÃm "
+"pÅesné definice pojmu, tak jak jsme to my udÄlali pro âsvobodný
softwareâ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But the explanation for “free software” is simple—a
+# | person who has [-heard-] {+grasped the idea of+} “free speech, not
+# | free beer” will not get it wrong again. There is no {+such+}
+# | succinct way to explain the official [-definition-] meaning of “open
+# | source” [-that will-] {+and+} show clearly why the natural
+# | definition is the wrong one.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But the explanation for “free software” is simple—a "
+#| "person who has heard “free speech, not free beer” will not "
+#| "get it wrong again. There is no succinct way to explain the official "
+#| "definition meaning of “open source” that will show clearly "
+#| "why the natural definition is the wrong one."
+msgid ""
+"But the explanation for “free software” is simple—a person "
+"who has grasped the idea of “free speech, not free beer” will "
+"not get it wrong again. There is no such succinct way to explain the "
+"official meaning of “open source” and show clearly why the "
+"natural definition is the wrong one."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale vysvÄtlenà svobodného softwaru je jednoduché -- ten, kdo slyÅ¡el
âfree "
+"speech, not free beerâ (svoboda projevu, nikoli pivo zadarmo), to již
Å¡patnÄ "
+"nechápe. Neexistuje struÄné vysvÄtlenà oficiálnà definice âopen
sourceâ, "
+"které by jasnÄ ukázalo, že âpÅirozenáâ definice je Å¡patná."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Fear of Freedom"
+msgstr "Strach ze svobody"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The main argument for the term “open source software” is that "
+"“free software” makes some people uneasy. That's true: talking "
+"about freedom, about ethical issues, about responsibilities as well as "
+"convenience, is asking people to think about things they might rather "
+"ignore. This can trigger discomfort, and some people may reject the idea "
+"for that. It does not follow that society would be better off if we stop "
+"talking about these things."
+msgstr ""
+"HlavnÃm argumentem pro pojem âopen source softwareâ je, že âfree "
+"softwareâ (svobodný software) nÄkteré lidi znepokojuje. Je to pravda: "
+"Mluvenà nejen o výhodách, ale i o svobodÄ, o etických otázkách, o "
+"odpovÄdnosti, nutà lidi, aby pÅemýšleli o vÄcech, kterých by radÄji
nedbali. "
+"To může působit obtÞnÄ a nÄkteÅà lidé proto tu myÅ¡lenku zavrhnou.
Z toho "
+"vÅ¡ak neplyne, že spoleÄnost bude lepÅ¡Ã, když se pÅestaneme bavit o
takových "
+"vÄcech."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Years ago, free software developers noticed this discomfort reaction, and
+# | some started exploring an approach for avoiding it. They figured that by
+# | keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only about the
+# | immediate practical benefits of certain free software, they might be able
+# | to “sell” the software more effectively to certain users,
+# | especially business. The term “open source” is offered as a
+# | way of doing more of this—a way to be “more acceptable to
+# | business.” {+The views and values of the Open Source movement stem
+# | from this decision.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Years ago, free software developers noticed this discomfort reaction, and "
+#| "some started exploring an approach for avoiding it. They figured that by "
+#| "keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only about the "
+#| "immediate practical benefits of certain free software, they might be able "
+#| "to “sell” the software more effectively to certain users, "
+#| "especially business. The term “open source” is offered as a "
+#| "way of doing more of this—a way to be “more acceptable to "
+#| "business.”"
+msgid ""
+"Years ago, free software developers noticed this discomfort reaction, and "
+"some started exploring an approach for avoiding it. They figured that by "
+"keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only about the immediate "
+"practical benefits of certain free software, they might be able to “"
+"sell” the software more effectively to certain users, especially "
+"business. The term “open source” is offered as a way of doing "
+"more of this—a way to be “more acceptable to business.” "
+"The views and values of the Open Source movement stem from this decision."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅed lety zaznamenali vývojáÅi svobodného softwaru tuto znepokojenou
reakci "
+"a nÄkteÅà zaÄali hledat jiný pÅÃstup, aby se jà vyhnuli. UvÄdomili
si, že "
+"pokud budou mlÄet o etice a svobodÄ a budou mluvit pouze o
bezprostÅednÃch "
+"praktických výhodách urÄitého svobodného softwaru, budou asi schopni "
+"âprodávatâ software efektivnÄji nÄkterým uživatelům, zejména tÄm
z obchodnà "
+"sféry. Pojem âopen sourceâ je nabÃzen jako způsob dÄlat vÃc než to,
jako "
+"způsob, jak být âpÅijatelnÄjÅ¡Ã pro obchodnà sféruâ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This approach has proved effective, in its own terms. Today many people are "
+"switching to free software for purely practical reasons. That is good, as "
+"far as it goes, but that isn't all we need to do! Attracting users to free "
+"software is not the whole job, just the first step."
+msgstr ""
+"Tento pÅÃstup se v rámci svých možnostà ukázal jako úÄinný. Mnoho
lidà se "
+"dnes rozhoduje pro svobodný software z ÄistÄ praktických důvodů. To je
jistÄ "
+"dobÅe, ale nenà to vÅ¡echno, co bychom mÄli dÄlat! PÅitahovat uživatele
ke "
+"svobodnému softwaru nenà celá práce, ale jenom prvnà krok."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to proprietary "
+"software for some practical advantage. Countless companies seek to offer "
+"such temptation, and why would users decline? Only if they have learned to "
+"<em>value the freedom</em> free software gives them, for its own sake. It "
+"is up to us to spread this idea—and in order to do that, we have to "
+"talk about freedom. A certain amount of the “keep quiet” "
+"approach to business can be useful for the community, but we must have "
+"plenty of freedom talk too."
+msgstr ""
+"DÅÃve nebo pozdÄji budou uživatelé pozváni, aby pÅeÅ¡li zpátky na "
+"proprietárnà software kvůli nÄjaké praktické výhodÄ. NesÄetné firmy
usilujÃ, "
+"aby mohly nabÃdnout takové pokuÅ¡enÃ, a proÄ by je uživatelé odmÃtali?
Jenom "
+"v pÅÃpadÄ, že by se nauÄili ocenit hodnotu svobody, kterou jim svobodný
"
+"software nabÃzÃ, kvůli nÄmu samému. Záležà na nás, jestli budeme
Å¡ÃÅit tuhle "
+"myÅ¡lenku - a v tom pÅÃpadÄ musÃme hovoÅit o svobodÄ. Jistá mÃra
mlÄenà vůÄi "
+"obchdodnà sféÅe může být pro komunitu prospÄÅ¡ná, ale musÃme také
mnoho "
+"mluvit o svobodÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At present, we have plenty of “keep quiet”, but not enough "
+"freedom talk. Most people involved with free software say little about "
+"freedom—usually because they seek to be “more acceptable to "
+"business.” Software distributors especially show this pattern. Some "
+"<a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> operating system "
+"distributions add proprietary packages to the basic free system, and they "
+"invite users to consider this an advantage, rather than a step backwards "
+"from freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"V souÄasné dobÄ hodnÄ mlÄÃme ale nemáme dosti svobody mluvit.
VÄtÅ¡ina lidà "
+"spojených se svobodným softwarem hovoÅà málo o svobodÄ, obyÄejnÄ
proto, že "
+"se snažà být âpÅijatelnÄjÅ¡Ã pro obchodnà sféruâ. DistributoÅi
softwaru se "
+"Äasto chovajà právÄ takto. NÄkteré distribuce operaÄnÃho systému <a
href=\"/"
+"gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> pÅidávajà proprietárnà balÃÄky
k "
+"základnÃmu systému, který je zadarmo, a vybÃzejà uživatele, aby to "
+"posuzovali jako výhodu spÃÅ¡e než krok zpátky od svobody."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are failing to keep up with the influx of free software users, failing to "
+"teach people about freedom and our community as fast as they enter it. This "
+"is why non-free software (which Qt was when it first became popular), and "
+"partially non-free operating system distributions, find such fertile "
+"ground. To stop using the word “free” now would be a mistake; "
+"we need more, not less, talk about freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"NedaÅà se nám držet krok s pÅÃlivem uživatelů svobodného softwaru,
nedaÅÃ se "
+"nám uÄit lidi o svobodÄ a naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ, pokud do nà nevstoupÃ. To je
důvod, "
+"proÄ software, který nenà svobodný (jako byl Qt, když se stal
populárnÃm) a "
+"ÄásteÄnÄ ânesvobodnéâ distribuce operaÄnÃch systémů, nacházejÃ
tak úrodnou "
+"půdu. PÅestat nynà užÃvat slovo âsvobodnýâ by bylo chybou;
potÅebujeme vÃce, "
+"ne ménÄ, mluvit o svobodÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Let's hope that-]{+If+} those using the term “open source”
+# | [-will indeed-] draw more users into our [-community;-] {+community, that
+# | is a contribution,+} but [-if they do,-] the rest of us will have to work
+# | even harder to bring the issue of freedom to those users' attention. We
+# | have to say, “It's free software and it gives you
+# | freedom!”—more and louder than ever before.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Let's hope that those using the term “open source” will "
+#| "indeed draw more users into our community; but if they do, the rest of us "
+#| "will have to work even harder to bring the issue of freedom to those "
+#| "users' attention. We have to say, “It's free software and it gives "
+#| "you freedom!”—more and louder than ever before."
+msgid ""
+"If those using the term “open source” draw more users into our "
+"community, that is a contribution, but the rest of us will have to work even "
+"harder to bring the issue of freedom to those users' attention. We have to "
+"say, “It's free software and it gives you freedom!”—more "
+"and louder than ever before."
+msgstr ""
+"Doufejme, že užÃvánà pojmu âopen sourceâ skuteÄnÄ pÅitáhne vÃce
uživatelů do "
+"našà komunity; ale pokud se tak stane, ostatnà z nás budou muset pracovat
o "
+"to pilnÄji, aby pÅedestÅeli otázku svobody pozornosti uživatelů.
MusÃme "
+"ÅÃct: âJe to svobodný software a dává vám svobodu!â VÃce a
hlasitÄji než kdy "
+"pÅedtÃm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Would a Trademark Help?"
+msgstr "Pomohla by ochranná známka?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The advocates of “open source software” tried to make it a
+# | trademark, saying this would enable them to prevent misuse. [-The attempt
+# | went awry when the application-] {+This initiative+} was [-allowed-]
+# | {+later dropped, the term being too descriptive+} to [-lapse in 1999;-]
+# | {+qualify as a trademark;+} thus, the legal status of “open
+# | source” is the same as that of “free software”: there is
+# | no <em>legal</em> constraint on using it. I have heard reports of a
+# | number of companies' calling software packages “open source”
+# | even though they did not fit the official definition; I have observed some
+# | instances myself.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The advocates of “open source software” tried to make it a "
+#| "trademark, saying this would enable them to prevent misuse. The attempt "
+#| "went awry when the application was allowed to lapse in 1999; thus, the "
+#| "legal status of “open source” is the same as that of “"
+#| "free software”: there is no <em>legal</em> constraint on using it. "
+#| "I have heard reports of a number of companies' calling software packages "
+#| "“open source” even though they did not fit the official "
+#| "definition; I have observed some instances myself."
+msgid ""
+"The advocates of “open source software” tried to make it a "
+"trademark, saying this would enable them to prevent misuse. This initiative "
+"was later dropped, the term being too descriptive to qualify as a trademark; "
+"thus, the legal status of “open source” is the same as that of "
+"“free software”: there is no <em>legal</em> constraint on using "
+"it. I have heard reports of a number of companies' calling software "
+"packages “open source” even though they did not fit the official "
+"definition; I have observed some instances myself."
+msgstr ""
+"Zastánci âopen source softwareâ se pokusili z nÄho udÄlat ochrannou
známku. "
+"ÅÃkali, že jim to umožnà zamezit zneužitÃ. Pokus se nezdaÅil a
žádost upadla "
+"do zapomenutà v roce 1999; a proto právnà postavenà âopen sourceâ je
stejné "
+"jako âfree softwareâ: Neexistuje žádná závazná právnà norma o
užÃvánà pojmu. "
+"SlyÅ¡el jsem zprávy o mnoha firmách, které nazvaly balÃÄky âopen
sourceâ, "
+"aÄkoli neodpovÃdaly oficiálnà definici; nÄkterých pÅÃpadů jsem si
sám "
+"povšiml."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But would it have made a big difference to use a term that is a trademark? "
+"Not necessarily."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale Äinilo by velký rozdÃl užÃvat pojem, který je ochrannou známkou?
Nikoliv "
+"nutnÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Companies also made announcements that give the impression that a program is "
+"“open source software” without explicitly saying so. For "
+"example, one IBM announcement, about a program that did not fit the official "
+"definition, said this:"
+msgstr ""
+"Firmy také zveÅejÅujà inzeráty, které působà dojmem, že program je
âopen "
+"source softwareâ, aniž by to ovÅ¡em pÅÃmo Åekly. NapÅÃklad jeden
inzerát IBM "
+"na program, který neodpovÃdá oficiálnà definici, ÅÃká následujÃcÃ:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"As is common in the open source community, users of the ... technology will "
+"also be able to collaborate with IBM ..."
+msgstr ""
+" Jak je bÄžné ve spoleÄenstvà open source, uživatelé …
technologie "
+"budou také schopni spolupracovat s IBM…"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This did not actually say that the program <em>was</em> “open "
+"source”, but many readers did not notice that detail. (I should note "
+"that IBM was sincerely trying to make this program free software, and later "
+"adopted a new license which does make it free software and “open "
+"source”; but when that announcement was made, the program did not "
+"qualify as either one.)"
+msgstr ""
+"TÃm skuteÄnÄ <em>nenà ÅeÄeno</em>, že program je âopen sourceâ,
ale mnoho "
+"ÄtenáÅů si takového detailu nevÅ¡imne. (MÄl jsem si vÅ¡imnout, že IBM
se "
+"upÅÃmnÄ snažilo udÄlat z tohoto programu svobodný software a pozdÄji
pÅijalo "
+"novou licenci, která jej neÄinà svobodným softwarem a âopen sourceâ;
ale v "
+"dobÄ, kdy byl inzerát vytvoÅen, se program jako takový nevymezoval.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And here is how Cygnus Solutions, which was formed to be a free software "
+"company and subsequently branched out (so to speak) into proprietary "
+"software, advertised some proprietary software products:"
+msgstr ""
+"A jak Cygnus Solutions, která se formovala jako firma produkujÃcÃ
osvobodný "
+"software a následnÄ odbÄhla (pokud je to tak možné ÅÃct) k
proprietárnÃmu "
+"softwaru, inzerovala nÄkteré proprietárnà softwarové produkty: "
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Cygnus Solutions is a leader in the open source market and has just launched "
+"two products into the [GNU/]Linux marketplace."
+msgstr ""
+"Cygnus Solutions je vedoucà na trhu s open source a rozbÄhl již dva
produkty "
+"na trhu s [GNU/]Linuxem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unlike IBM, Cygnus was not trying to make these packages free software, and "
+"the packages did not come close to qualifying. But Cygnus didn't actually "
+"say that these are “open source software”, they just made use of "
+"the term to give careless readers that impression."
+msgstr ""
+"NarozdÃl od IBM, Cygnus se nesnažil udÄlat z tÄchto balÃÄků svobodný "
+"software a ty se nepÅibližovaly vymezenà pojmu. Ale Cygnus skuteÄnÄ
neÅekl, "
+"že se jedná o âopen source softwareâ, jen ten pojem použil, aby
uÄinil na "
+"nepozorné ÄtenáÅe takový dojem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | These observations suggest that a trademark would not have truly
+# | [-solved-] {+prevented+} the [-problems-] {+confusion that comes+} with
+# | the term “open source”.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These observations suggest that a trademark would not have truly solved "
+#| "the problems with the term “open source”."
+msgid ""
+"These observations suggest that a trademark would not have truly prevented "
+"the confusion that comes with the term “open source”."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato pozorovánà naznaÄujÃ, že ochranná známka by opravdu nevyÅeÅ¡ila
problémy "
+"s pojmem âopen source.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Misunderstandings(?) of “Open Source”"
+msgstr "NeporozumÄnà âOpen Sourceâ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Open Source Definition is clear enough, and it is quite clear that the "
+"typical non-free program does not qualify. So you would think that “"
+"Open Source company” would mean one whose products are free software "
+"(or close to it), right? Alas, many companies are trying to give it a "
+"different meaning."
+msgstr ""
+"Definice Open Source je dostateÄnÄ jasná a je nabÃledni, že jà typický
"
+"program, který nepatÅà do svobodného softwaru, nevyhovuje. Mysleli byste
si "
+"tedy, že âOpen Source firmaâ znamená, že jeden z jejÃch produktů je
svobodný "
+"software (nebo se mu blÞÃ), že? BÄda, mnohé firmy se pokouÅ¡ejà dát
tomuto "
+"pojmu odlišný význam."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the “Open Source Developers Day” meeting in August 1998, "
+"several of the commercial developers invited said they intend to make only a "
+"part of their work free software (or “open source”). The focus "
+"of their business is on developing proprietary add-ons (software or <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">manuals</a>) to sell to the users of this free "
+"software. They ask us to regard this as legitimate, as part of our "
+"community, because some of the money is donated to free software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Na setkánà âDen vývojáÅů Open Sourceâ v srpnu 1998 nÄkteÅà z
komerÄnÃch "
+"vývojáÅů uvedli, že zamýšlejà udÄlat jen z Äásti své produkce
svobodný "
+"software (nebo âopen sourceâ). Ohnisko jejich obchodnÃch aktivit je ve "
+"vyvÃjenà proprietárnÃch pÅÃdavků (software nebo <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"doc.html\">pÅÃruÄek</a>), jež prodávajà uživatelům tohoto svobodného
"
+"softwaru. Žádajà nás, abychom to považovali za legitimnÃ, jako to
Äinà Äást "
+"naÅ¡Ã komunity, protože Äást penÄz je vÄnována na vývoj svobodného
softwaru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In effect, these companies seek to gain the favorable cachet of “open "
+"source” for their proprietary software products—even though "
+"those are not “open source software”—because they have "
+"some relationship to free software or because the same company also "
+"maintains some free software. (One company founder said quite explicitly "
+"that they would put, into the free package they support, as little of their "
+"work as the community would stand for.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vskutku, tyto firmy se snažà zÃskat pÅÃznivý punc âopen sourceâ pro
své "
+"proprietárnà softwarové produkty, právÄ aÄ tyto nejsou âopen source "
+"softwareâ, protože majà nÄjaký vztah ke svobodnému softwaru nebo
protože "
+"stejná firma také podporuje nÄjaký svobodný software. (Jeden zakladatel "
+"firmy Åekl zcela otevÅenÄ, že by vložili do svobodného balÃÄku,
který "
+"podporujÃ, tak málo své práce, jak by komunita zaruÄila."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Over the years, many companies have contributed to free software "
+"development. Some of these companies primarily developed non-free software, "
+"but the two activities were separate; thus, we could ignore their non-free "
+"products, and work with them on free software projects. Then we could "
+"honestly thank them afterward for their free software contributions, without "
+"talking about the rest of what they did."
+msgstr ""
+"V průbÄhu let mnoho firem pÅispÄlo k vývoji svobodného softwaru.
NÄkteré z "
+"tÄchto firem v prvnà ÅadÄ vyvÃjely software, který nenà svobodný, ale
tyto "
+"dvÄ aktivity byly oddÄlené. A proto můžeme pominout jejich
ânesvobodnéâ "
+"produkty a spolupracovat s nimi na projektech svobodného softwaru. Posléze "
+"jim můžeme upÅÃmnÄ podÄkovat za jejich pÅispÄnà k vývoji
svobodného "
+"softwaru, aniž bychom mluvili o tom, co dÄlajà jinak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't [-go-]
+# | let us. These companies actively [-try to lead-] {+invite+} the public to
+# | lump all their activities together; they want us to regard their non-free
+# | software as favorably as we would regard a real contribution, although it
+# | is not one. They present themselves as “open source
+# | companies,” hoping that we will get a warm fuzzy feeling about them,
+# | and that we will be fuzzy-minded in applying it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't go let "
+#| "us. These companies actively try to lead the public to lump all their "
+#| "activities together; they want us to regard their non-free software as "
+#| "favorably as we would regard a real contribution, although it is not "
+#| "one. They present themselves as “open source companies,” "
+#| "hoping that we will get a warm fuzzy feeling about them, and that we will "
+#| "be fuzzy-minded in applying it."
+msgid ""
+"We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't let us. "
+"These companies actively invite the public to lump all their activities "
+"together; they want us to regard their non-free software as favorably as we "
+"would regard a real contribution, although it is not one. They present "
+"themselves as “open source companies,” hoping that we will get a "
+"warm fuzzy feeling about them, and that we will be fuzzy-minded in applying "
+"it."
+msgstr ""
+"Stejný postup nemůžeme uplatÅovat u tÄchto nových firem, protože ty o
to "
+"nemajà zájem. Takové firmy se aktivnÄ snažà vést veÅejnost k tomu,
aby si "
+"vÅ¡echny jejich aktivity dala dohromady; chtÄjÃ, abychom považovali jejich
"
+"ânesvobodnýâ software za tak pÅÃznivý, jako by se jednalo o
opravdový "
+"pÅÃspÄvek, aÄkoliv jÃm nenÃ. PÅedstavujà se jako âopen source
firmyâ a "
+"doufajÃ, že z nich nabudeme pÅÃznivého dojmu a že budeme zmateni pÅi "
+"použÃvánà tohoto pojmu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This manipulative practice would be no less harmful if it were done using "
+"the term “free software.” But companies do not seem to use the "
+"term “free software” that way; perhaps its association with "
+"idealism makes it seem unsuitable. The term “open source” "
+"opened the door for this."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato manipulativnà praxe by byla neménÄ Å¡kodlivá, kdyby se pÅi tom
užÃvalo "
+"pojmu svobodný software. Ale nezdá se, že firmy užÃvajà termÃn
svobodný "
+"software tÃmto způsobem. Nevhodný se jim zdá snad pro své spojenà s "
+"idealismem. Pojem âopen sourceâ této praxi otevÅel dveÅe."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At a trade show in late 1998, dedicated to the operating system often "
+"referred to as <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">“Linux”</a>, "
+"the featured speaker was an executive from a prominent software company. He "
+"was probably invited on account of his company's decision to “"
+"support” that system. Unfortunately, their form of “"
+"support” consists of releasing non-free software that works with the "
+"system—in other words, using our community as a market but not "
+"contributing to it."
+msgstr ""
+"Hlavnà mluvÄà na veletrhu vÄnovaném operaÄnÃmu systému oznaÄovanému
jako â<a "
+"href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">Linux</a>â, který se uskuteÄnil koncem
roku "
+"1998, zastával rozhodujÃcà pozici v pÅednà softwarové firmÄ. Byl "
+"pravdÄpodobnÄ pozván kvůli rozhodnutà své firmy âpodporovatâ tento
systém. "
+"Žel, jejich podoba âpodporyâ sestává z vydávánà software, který
nenà "
+"svobodný a pracuje s onÃm systémem, jinými slovy, naÅ¡e komunita je
použÃvána "
+"jako trh, ale nepÅispÃvá se k vývoji svobodného softwaru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"He said, “There is no way we will make our product open source, but "
+"perhaps we will make it ‘internal’ open source. If we allow our "
+"customer support staff to have access to the source code, they could fix "
+"bugs for the customers, and we could provide a better product and better "
+"service.” (This is not an exact quote, as I did not write his words "
+"down, but it gets the gist.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Åekl: âNenà možné, abychom z naÅ¡eho produktu udÄlali open source, ale
snad z "
+"nÄj udÄláme âvnitÅnÃâ open source. UmožnÃme-li zamÄstnancům
našà uživatelské "
+"podpory pÅÃstup ke zdrojovému kódu, mohli by opravovat chyby pro
zákaznÃky a "
+"my bychom mohli poskytovat lepÅ¡Ã produkt a lepÅ¡Ã služby.â (Nenà to
pÅesná "
+"citace, protože jsem si jeho slova nezapsal, ale vystihuje to podstatu.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People in the audience afterward told me, “He just doesn't get the "
+"point.” But is that so? Which point did he not get?"
+msgstr ""
+"Lidé, kteÅà to slyÅ¡eli, mi potom Åekli: âNepochopil smysl.â Ale je
to tak? "
+"Jaký smysl nepochopil?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | He did not miss the point of the [-open source-] {+Open Source+} movement.
+# | That [-point says nothing about-] {+movement does not say users should
+# | have+} freedom, [-it says-] only that allowing more people to look at the
+# | source code and help improve it [-will make-] {+makes+} for faster and
+# | better development. The executive grasped that point completely;
+# | unwilling to carry out [-this-] {+that+} approach in full, users included,
+# | he was considering implementing it partially, within the company.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "He did not miss the point of the Open Source movement. That point says "
+#| "nothing about freedom, it says only that allowing more people to look at "
+#| "the source code and help improve it will make for faster and better "
+#| "development. The executive grasped that point completely; unwilling to "
+#| "carry out this approach in full, users included, he was considering "
+#| "implementing it partially, within the company."
+msgid ""
+"He did not miss the point of the Open Source movement. That movement does "
+"not say users should have freedom, only that allowing more people to look at "
+"the source code and help improve it makes for faster and better "
+"development. The executive grasped that point completely; unwilling to "
+"carry out that approach in full, users included, he was considering "
+"implementing it partially, within the company."
+msgstr ""
+"Nepominul smysl hnutà Open Source. Tento smysl neÅÃká nic o svobodÄ,
mluvà "
+"jenom o možnosti pro vÃce lidÃ, aby se podÃvali do zdrojového kódu a
pomohli "
+"ho zlepÅ¡it, ÄÃmž je umožnÄn rychlejÅ¡Ã a lepÅ¡Ã vývoj. Ten ÄlovÄk
úplnÄ "
+"pochopil smysl; jelikož nechtÄl tento pÅÃstup zavést zcela, vÄetnÄ "
+"uživatelů, zvažoval jeho ÄásteÄné uplatnÄnà v rámci firmy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The point that he missed is the point that “open source” was "
+"designed not to raise: the point that users <em>deserve</em> freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Smysl, který pominul, je, že âopen sourceâ nebylo navrženo, aby se "
+"rozrůstalo: smysl, že uživatelé si <em>zasloužÃ</em> svobodu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Spreading the idea of freedom is a big job—it needs your help.
+# | [-The GNU project will-] {+That's why we+} stick to the term “free
+# | [-software”.-] {+software” in the GNU Project, so we can help
+# | do that job.+} If you feel that freedom and community are important for
+# | their own sake—not just for the convenience they bring—please
+# | join us in using the term “free software”.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Spreading the idea of freedom is a big job—it needs your help. The "
+#| "GNU project will stick to the term “free software”. If you "
+#| "feel that freedom and community are important for their own sake—"
+#| "not just for the convenience they bring—please join us in using the "
+#| "term “free software”."
+msgid ""
+"Spreading the idea of freedom is a big job—it needs your help. That's "
+"why we stick to the term “free software” in the GNU Project, so "
+"we can help do that job. If you feel that freedom and community are "
+"important for their own sake—not just for the convenience they "
+"bring—please join us in using the term “free software”."
+msgstr ""
+"Å ÃÅenà myÅ¡lenky o svobodÄ je velký úkol - a ten potÅebuje vaÅ¡i
pomoc. "
+"Projekt GNU se bude držet pojmu svobodný software. Pokud cÃtÃte, že
svoboda "
+"a spoleÄenstvà jsou důležité samy o sobÄ, nejen pro výhody, které
pÅinášejÃ, "
+"prosÃm pÅidejte se k nám použÃvánÃm pojmu svobodný software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lakhani and Wolf's <a href=\"http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-";
+"management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/"
+"lakhaniwolf.pdf\">paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> "
+"says that a considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software "
+"should be free. This was despite the fact that they surveyed the developers "
+"on SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an "
+"ethical issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato esej vyšla v knize <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-";
+"free-society/\"><cite>Svobodný software, Svobodná spoleÄnost: Vybrané
eseje "
+"Richarda M. Stallmana</cite></a> (anglicky)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<hr /><h4>Poznámky pÅekladatele</h4> <ol> <li id=\"tf1\"> V ÄeÅ¡tinÄ, jak
"
+"jste si jistÄ vÅ¡imli, tento problém nemáme. Můžeme naprosto klidnÄ
použÃvat "
+"termÃn âsvobodný softwareâ a nemusÃme se bát nÄjaké nechtÄné
zámÄny významu. "
+"Proto vám také doporuÄuji jej použÃvat a nevypůjÄovat si anglické
výrazy o "
+"kterých vÃme, že jsou problematické.</li> </ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"původ-Nezpracovávejte 4.0 Mezinárodnà License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using "
+#~ "the term <a href=\"http://www.opensource.org/\";>“open source "
+#~ "software”</a> instead of <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+#~ "\">“free software”</a> to describe what they do."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "V roce 1998 nÄkteÅà lidé ze spoleÄenstvà svobodného softwaru
zaÄali "
+#~ "užÃvat pojem â<a href=\"http://www.opensource.org/\";>open source "
+#~ "software</a>â (software s otevÅeným zdrojovým kódem) mÃsto â<a
href=\"/"
+#~ "philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>â (svobodný software), aby "
+#~ "popsali, co vytváÅejÃ."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This article describes why using the term “open source” does "
+#~ "not solve any problems, and in fact creates some. These are the reasons "
+#~ "why it is better to stick with “free software.”"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Tento Älánek popisuje, proÄ použÃvánà pojmu âopen sourceâ
neÅešà žádné "
+#~ "problémy, ale ve skuteÄnosti dalÅ¡Ã vytváÅÃ. To je důvodem, proÄ
je lepšà "
+#~ "zůstat u âsvobodného softwareâ."
Index: philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+# Czech translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# ? 2002
+# Jan 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: linux-gnu-freedom.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 04:34+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date:\n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2006-10-11 20:41+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Linux, GNU, and freedom - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Linux, GNU a svoboda â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software, power, rights, "
+"Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Nadace pro svobodný software, Linux, svoboda, software, moc, "
+"práva, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"In this essay, Linux, GNU, and freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe "
+"Barr's account of the FSF's dealings with the Austin Linux users group."
+msgstr ""
+"V eseji Linux, GNU a svoboda odpovÃdá Richard M. Stallman na Älánek Joe "
+"Barra týkajÃcà se jednánà Nadace pro svobodný software s uživatelskou "
+"skupinou Austin Linux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Linux, GNU, and freedom"
+msgstr "Linux, GNU a svoboda"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "napsal <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since <a href=\"http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755\";>Joe Barr's article</a> "
+"criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to set the record "
+"straight about what actually occurred, and state my reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"Protože <a href=\"http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755\";>Älánek Joe
Barra</a> "
+"kritizoval mé jednánà se SIGLINUXem, chtÄl bych upÅesnit, co se vlastnÄ
"
+"stalo, a uvést své stanovisko."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, it was a “Linux User Group”; "
+"that is, a group for users of the GNU/Linux system which calls the whole "
+"system “Linux”. So I replied politely that if they'd like "
+"someone from the GNU Project to give a speech for them, they ought to treat "
+"the GNU Project right, and call the system “GNU/Linux”. The "
+"system is a variant of GNU, and the GNU Project is its principal developer, "
+"so social convention says to call it by the name we chose. Unless there are "
+"powerful reasons for an exception, I usually decline to give speeches for "
+"organizations that won't give GNU proper credit in this way. I respect "
+"their freedom of speech, but I also have the freedom not to give a speech."
+msgstr ""
+"Když mÄ SIGLINUX pozval, abych pro nÄj pÅednášel, byl âskupinou
uživatelů "
+"Linuxuâ; tj. skupinou uživatelů GNU/Linuxu, kteÅà nazývajà celý
systém "
+"âLinuxâ. Proto jsem sluÅ¡nÄ odpovÄdÄl, že pokud chtÄjÃ, aby pro nÄ
pÅednášel "
+"nÄkdo z projektu GNU, mÄli by s nÃm zacházet správnÄ a nazývat celý
systém "
+"âGNU/Linuxâ. Takový systém je variantou GNU a lidé z GNU projektu jsou
jeho "
+"hlavnÃmi vývojáÅi, tudÞ by mÄl být podle spoleÄenských zvyklostÃ
nazýván "
+"jménem, jež jsme vybrali my. Až na výjimky, k nimž jsou pádné důvody,
"
+"obvykle odmÃtám pÅednášet pro organizace, které tÃmto nepÅiznávajÃ
GNU "
+"pÅÃsluÅ¡né zásluhy. Respektuji jejich svobodu projevu, ale i já mám
svobodu, "
+"a to svobodu nepÅednášet pro nÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Subsequently, Jeff Strunk of SIGLINUX tried to change the group's policy, "
+"and asked the FSF to list his group in our page of GNU/Linux user groups. "
+"Our webmaster told him that we would not list it under the name “"
+"SIGLINUX” because that name implies that the group is about Linux. "
+"Strunk proposed to change the name to “SIGFREE”, and our "
+"webmaster agreed that would be fine. (Barr's article said we rejected this "
+"proposal.) However, the group ultimately decided to stay with “"
+"SIGLINUX”."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeff Strunk ze SIGLINUXu se následnÄ pokusil zmÄnit politiku této skupiny
a "
+"požádal FSF, aby ji uvedla na své stránce skupin použÃvajÃcÃch
GNU/Linux. "
+"Náš webmaster mu Åekl, že ji tam pod jménem âSIGLINUXâ nezaÅadÃme,
protože z "
+"názvu vyplývá, že se jedná o skupinu týkajÃcà se Linuxu. Strunk
navrhl zmÄnu "
+"názvu na âSIGFREEâ a webmaster ji schválil. (Podle Barrova Älánku
tento "
+"návrh odmÃtl.) Nakonec se vÅ¡ak tato skupina rozhodla zůstat u původnÃho
"
+"názvu âSIGLINUXâ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At that point, the matter came to my attention again, and I suggested they "
+"consider other possible names. There are many names they could choose that "
+"would not call the system “Linux”, and I hope they will come up "
+"with one they like. There the matter rests as far as I know."
+msgstr ""
+"V tomto bodÄ se problém opÄt dostal ke mnÄ a já jim navrhl, aÅ¥
uvažujà o "
+"jiných možných názvech. Je mnoho jmen, která by si mohli vybrat a která
by "
+"pÅitom nenazývala systém âLinuxemâ. Doufám, že naleznou nÄjaké,
které by se "
+"jim lÃbilo. Zde, pokud vÃm, problém zamrzl."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Is it true, as Barr writes, that some people see these actions as an “"
+"application of force” comparable with Microsoft's monopoly power? "
+"Probably so. Declining an invitation is not coercion, but people who are "
+"determined to believe that the entire system is “Linux” "
+"sometimes develop amazingly distorted vision. To make that name appear "
+"justified, they must see molehills as mountains and mountains as molehills. "
+"If you can ignore the facts and believe that Linus Torvalds developed the "
+"whole system starting in 1991, or if you can ignore your ordinary principles "
+"of fairness and believe that Torvalds should get the sole credit even though "
+"he didn't do that, it's a small step to believe that I owe you a speech when "
+"you ask."
+msgstr ""
+"Je pravda, jak Barr pÃÅ¡e, že nÄkterým lidem pÅipadá toto jednánÃ
jako "
+"âuplatÅovánà násilÃâ srovnatelné s monopolem Microsoftu?
PravdÄpodobnÄ ano. "
+"OdmÃtnutà pozvánà nenà násilÃ, ale lidé, kteÅà jsou rozhodnuti
vÄÅit tomu, "
+"že celý systém je âLinuxâ, majà nÄkdy podivuhodnÄ zkreslený
pohled. Aby "
+"mohli toto jméno zdůvodnit, musà vidÄt komára jako velblouda a velblouda
"
+"jako komára. Pokud dokážete ignorovat fakta a vÄÅit tomu, že celý
systém "
+"vyvinul Linus Torvalds poÄÃnaje rokem 1991, nebo pokud dokážete ignorovat
"
+"vaÅ¡e principy spravedlnosti a vÄÅit, že Torvalds by mÄl mÃt plnou
zásluhu, "
+"pÅestože to nenà jen jeho práce, odtud je již jen malý krůÄek k tomu,
abyste "
+"vÄÅili, že vám dlužÃm pÅednášku, kdykoliv si o ni požádáte."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Just consider: the GNU Project starts developing an operating system, and "
+"years later Linus Torvalds adds one important piece. The GNU Project says, "
+"“Please give our project equal mention,” but Linus says, “"
+"Don't give them a share of the credit; call the whole thing after my name "
+"alone!” Now envision the mindset of a person who can look at these "
+"events and accuse the GNU Project of egotism. It takes strong prejudice to "
+"misjudge so drastically."
+msgstr ""
+"Jen uvažte: projekt GNU zaÄne vyvÃjet operaÄnà systém a o mnoho let
pozdÄji "
+"k nÄmu pÅidá Linus Torvalds jednu důležitou Äást. GNU projekt ÅÃká:
âProsÃme "
+"o stejnou Äást zásluh pro každého,â ale Linus ÅÃká, âNedávejte
jim ani Äást "
+"zásluh; nazývejte vÅ¡e jen mým jménem!â Nynà se vžijte do myÅ¡lenÃ
ÄlovÄka, "
+"který takto vidà tyto události a obviÅuje GNU projekt z egoismu. Je
tÅeba "
+"silného zaujetÃ, abyste soudili tak drasticky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A person who is that prejudiced can say all sorts of unfair things about the "
+"GNU Project and think them justified; his fellows will support him, because "
+"they want each other's support in maintaining their prejudice. Dissenters "
+"can be reviled; thus, if I decline to participate in an activity under the "
+"rubric of “Linux”, they may find that inexcusable, and hold me "
+"responsible for the ill will they feel afterwards. When so many people want "
+"me to call the system “Linux”, how can I, who merely launched "
+"its development, not comply? And forcibly denying them a speech is forcibly "
+"making them unhappy. That's coercion, as bad as Microsoft!"
+msgstr ""
+"ÄlovÄk, který je takto zaujatý, může ÅÃkat o GNU projektu mnoho "
+"nespravedlivých vÄcà a myslet si, že jsou oprávnÄné; lidé na jeho
stranÄ ho "
+"podpoÅÃ, protože se v udržovánà svého pÅedsudku chtÄjà podpÅit.
Odpůrci "
+"mohou být hanobeni; tudÞ, pokud odmÃtnu úÄastnit se Äinnosti pod
záhlavÃm "
+"âLinuxuâ, mohou se domnnÃvat, že to je neomluvitelné. Dávajà mi pak "
+"odpovÄdnost za následky. Když tolik lidà chce, abych nazýval systém
âLinuxâ, "
+"jak si mohu nestÄžovat, když jsem âpouzeâ zaÄal s jeho vývojem?
Když jim pak "
+"odmÃtnu poskytnou pÅednášku, jsou z toho neÅ¡Å¥astnÃ. To je násilÃ,
stejnÄ "
+"špatné jako Microsoft!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, you might wonder why I don't just duck the issue and avoid all this "
+"grief. When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, I could simply have said “"
+"No, sorry” and the matter would have ended there. Why didn't I do "
+"that? I'm willing to take the risk of being abused personally in order to "
+"have a chance of correcting the error that undercuts the GNU Project's "
+"efforts."
+msgstr ""
+"Mohli byste se nynà divit, proÄ se tomuto problému nevyhnu a nevyvaruji se
"
+"tak vÅ¡emu tomuhle trápenÃ. Když mÄ SIGLINUX pozval, abych pÅednášel,
staÄilo "
+"jen ÅÃct âNe, promiÅteâ a vÅ¡e by tak skonÄilo. ProÄ jsem to
neudÄlal? Jsem "
+"ochotný riskovat, že se dostanu do potÞÃ, když budu mÃt Å¡anci
napravit "
+"chybu, která niÄà úsilà projektu GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Calling this variant of the GNU system “Linux” plays into the "
+"hands of people who choose their software based only on technical advantage, "
+"not caring whether it respects their freedom. There are people like Barr, "
+"that want their software “free from ideology” and criticize "
+"anyone that says freedom matters. There are people like Torvalds that will "
+"pressure our community into use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone "
+"who complains to provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut "
+"up. There are people who say that technical decisions should not be “"
+"politicized” by consideration of their social consequences."
+msgstr ""
+"Když tuto variantu systému GNU nazýváme âLinuxâ, nahrává to do
karet lidem, "
+"kteÅà si si vybÃrajà software pouze na základÄ technických
pÅednostÃ. "
+"NezajÃmá je, zda respektuje jejich svobodu. Lidé, jako je Barr, chtÄjà "
+"systém âbez ideologieâ a kritizujà kohokoliv, kdo ÅÃká, že svoboda
je "
+"důležitá. Existujà lidé jako Torvalds, kteÅà budou tlaÄit naÅ¡i
komunitu k "
+"použÃvánà nesvobodného programu, a vyzývat kohokoli, kdo si stÄžuje,
aby "
+"ihned poskytl (technicky) lepÅ¡Ã program nebo zmlknul. A jsou lidé, kteÅÃ
"
+"ÅÃkajÃ, že technická rozhodnutà by nemÄla být âpolitizovánaâ
zkoumánÃm "
+"jejich následků na spoleÄnost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the 70s, computer users lost the freedoms to redistribute and change "
+"software because they didn't value their freedom. Computer users regained "
+"these freedoms in the 80s and 90s because a group of idealists, the GNU "
+"Project, believed that freedom is what makes a program better, and were "
+"willing to work for what we believed in."
+msgstr ""
+"V sedmdesátých letech ztratili uživatelé poÄÃtaÄů svobodu
redistribuovat a "
+"mÄnit software, protože si své svobody nevážili. Nabyli je až v 80. a
90. "
+"letech dÃky skupinÄ idealistů, lidà z projektu GNU. Ti vÄÅili, že
svoboda "
+"Äinà program lepÅ¡Ãm, a pro to, v co vÄÅili, byli ochotni pracovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We have partial freedom today, but our freedom is not secure. It is "
+"threatened by the <abbr title=\"Consumer Broadband and Digital Television "
+"Promotion Act\">CBDTPA</abbr> (formerly <abbr title=\"Security Systems "
+"Standards and Certification Act\">SSSCA</abbr>), by the Broadcast “"
+"Protection” Discussion Group (see <a href=\"http://www.eff.org/";
+"\">http://www.eff.org/</a>) which proposes to prohibit free software to "
+"access digital TV broadcasts, by software patents (Europe is now considering "
+"whether to have software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for "
+"vital protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program that "
+"is “better” (technically) than available free programs. We can "
+"lose our freedom again just as we lost it the first time, if we don't care "
+"enough to protect it."
+msgstr ""
+"Dnes sice ÄásteÄnou svobodu máme, ale ta nenà jistá. Ohrožuje ji <abbr
title="
+"\"Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act\">CBDTPA</abbr> "
+"(původnÄ <abbr title=\"Security Systems Standards and Certification Act"
+"\">SSSCA</abbr>), Diskusnà skupina Broadcast âProtectionâ (podÃvejte se
na "
+"<a href=\"http://www.eff.org/\";>http://www.eff.org/</a>), která navrhuje "
+"zakázat svobodnému software pÅÃstup k pÅenosům digitálnà televize Äi
"
+"softwarové patenty (Evropa nynà zvažuje jejich zavedenÃ). Jsou to i non-"
+"disclosure agreements Microsoftu na důležité protokoly a také ti, kdo se
nás "
+"pokouÅ¡ejà svést nesvobodným programem, který je âlepÅ¡Ãâ
(technicky) než "
+"dostupné svobodné programy. Pokud si nebudeme svobodu dostateÄnÄ bránit,
"
+"můžeme ji znovu ztratit tak jako poprvé."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them, how much "
+"influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus Torvalds has. "
+"The GNU Project says, “Value your freedom!”. Joe Barr says, "
+"“Choose between non-free and free programs on technical grounds alone!"
+"”. If people credit Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux "
+"system, that's not just inaccurate, it also makes his message more "
+"influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is ok; I "
+"use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our role, they will "
+"listen to us more, and the message we will give them is, “This system "
+"exists because of people who care about freedom. Join us, value your "
+"freedom, and together we can preserve it.” See <a href=\"/gnu/"
+"thegnuproject.html\">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a> for the "
+"history."
+msgstr ""
+"Bude nás dost, kdo se tomu postavÃ? To záležà na mnoha vÄcech. Také na
tom, "
+"kolik vlivu má projekt GNU a kolik Linus Torvalds. GNU projekt ÅÃká
âVažte "
+"si svobody!â. Joe Barr ÅÃká, âVybÃrejte si mezi nesvobodnými a
svobodnými "
+"programy pouze na technickém základÄ!â Pokud lidé oceÅujà Torvaldse
jako "
+"hlavnÃho vývojáÅe systému GNU/Linux, nenà to jen nepÅesné. Dodává
to "
+"důležitost jeho poselstvÃ, které ÅÃká: ânesvobodný software je
vpoÅádku; "
+"použÃvám ho a sám ho vyvÃjÃm.â Pokud si uvÄdomà naÅ¡i úlohu, budou
vÃce "
+"poslouchat nás. Zpráva, kterou Å¡ÃÅÃme my, je: âTento systém existuje
dÃky "
+"lidem, pro které je svoboda důležitá. PÅipojte se k nám, važte si
svobody a "
+"spoleÄnÄ ji uhájÃme.â PÅeÄtÄte si <a
href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">http://";
+"www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a> o historii GNU projektu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond with <a "
+"href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> silly excuses and straw men</a>. But we "
+"probably haven't lost anything, because they were probably unfriendly to "
+"begin with. Meanwhile, other people recognize the reasons I give, and use "
+"that name. By doing so, they help make other people aware of why the GNU/"
+"Linux system really exists, and that increases our ability to spread the "
+"idea that freedom is an important value."
+msgstr ""
+"Když žádám lidi, aby nazývali systém GNU/Linux, nÄkteÅà z nich
odpovÃdajà <a "
+"href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">hloupými výmluvami a kritikou</a>. Nic
jsme "
+"vÅ¡ak pravdÄpodobnÄ neztratili, nejspÃÅ¡e byli naÅ¡imi nepÅáteli již
tehdy. "
+"Jinà lidé vÅ¡ak uznávajà mé důvody a použÃvajà toto jméno.
Pomáhajà tak "
+"ostatnÃm uvÄdomit si důvody, proÄ GNU/Linux doopravdy existuje. To
zvyšuje "
+"naÅ¡i schopnost Å¡ÃÅit myÅ¡lenku, že svoboda je důležitou hodnotou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is why I keep butting my head against bias, calumny, and grief. They "
+"hurt my feelings, but when successful, this effort helps the GNU Project "
+"campaign for freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Proto se stavÃm proti zaujatosti, pomluvám a trápenÃ. ZraÅuje to mé
city. "
+"Kdykoliv je ale toto úsilà úspÄÅ¡né, pomáhá kampani projektu GNU v
boji za "
+"svobodu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper, the "
+"non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd like to "
+"address that issue as well."
+msgstr ""
+"Protože se tento problém objevil v kontextu Linuxu (jádra) a Bitkeeperu, "
+"nesvobodného systému pro správu verzÃ, který dnes použÃvá Linus
Torvalds, "
+"rád bych se vÄnoval i tomuto problému."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Bitkeeper issue"
+msgstr "PotÞe s Bitkeeperem"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "(See the <a href=\"#update\">update</a> below.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the free "
+"software community, because anyone who wants to closely track patches to "
+"Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program. There must be "
+"dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done this. Most of them "
+"are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok to use non-free software, "
+"in order to avoid a sense of cognitive dissonance about the presence of "
+"Bitkeeper on their machines. What can be done about this?"
+msgstr ""
+"Použità Bitkeeperu pro linuxové kódy má vážný dopad na komunitu
svobodného "
+"software. Každý, kdo důkladnÄ sleduje patche do Linuxu, je nucen "
+"nainstalovat si nesvobodný program. Musely to udÄlat tucty nebo dokonce "
+"stovky hackerů kernelu. VÄtÅ¡ina nich sama sebe postupnÄ pÅesvÄdÄuje,
že je "
+"vpoÅádku použÃvat nesvobodný software, aby se vyhnuli Å¡patnému pocitu
z "
+"toho, že majà na svých poÄÃtaÄÃch Bitkeeper. Co se s tÃm dá dÄlat?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One solution is to set up another repository for the Linux sources, using "
+"CVS or another free version control system, and arranging to load new "
+"versions into it automatically. This could use Bitkeeper to access the "
+"latest revisions, then install the new revisions into CVS. That update "
+"process could run automatically and frequently."
+msgstr ""
+"JednÃm ÅeÅ¡enÃm je vytvoÅit pro kódy Linuxu jiný repozitáŠa za
použità CVS "
+"Äi jiného svobodného systému pro správu verzà do nÄj nahrát nové
verze "
+"automaticky. Bitkeeper bychom mohli použÃt k pÅÃstupu k poslednÃm
revizÃm a "
+"ty pÅevést do CVS repozitáÅe. Tento proces updatu by se mohl spouÅ¡tÄt "
+"automaticky Äasto."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our "
+"machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now, and our "
+"principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this repository would "
+"have to be done by someone else who is willing to have Bitkeeper on his "
+"machine, unless someone can find or make a way to do it using free software."
+msgstr ""
+"FSF to udÄlat nemůže, protože nemůžeme nainstalovat Bitkeeper na naÅ¡e "
+"poÄÃtaÄe. Nemáme na nich teÄ Å¾Ã¡dný nesvobodný software Äi aplikace
a podle "
+"naÅ¡ich zásad to tak má být. Práci s tÃmto repozitáÅem by mÄl dÄlat
nÄkdo "
+"jiný, komu nevadà mÃt na svém poÄÃtaÄi Bitkeeper â nenajde-li nÄkdo
způsob, "
+"jak to udÄlat za použità svobodného software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with non-free "
+"software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device drivers contain "
+"series of numbers that represent firmware programs to be installed in the "
+"device. These programs are not free software. A few numbers to be "
+"deposited into device registers are one thing; a substantial program in "
+"binary is another."
+msgstr ""
+"Samotné zdrojové kódy Linuxu majà jeÅ¡tÄ závažnÄjÅ¡Ã problém s
nesvobodným "
+"software: vlastnÄ nÄjaký obsahujÃ. NÄkolik ovladaÄů různých
zaÅÃzenà "
+"obsahuje posloupnosti ÄÃsel pÅedstavujÃcà firmwarové programy k
instalovánà "
+"na daném zaÅÃzenÃ. Tyto programy nejsou svobodným software. Pár ÄÃsel
k "
+"uloženà v registru zaÅÃzenà je jedna vÄc, ale podstatné Äásti
programu v "
+"binárnÃm kódu jsou vÄc druhá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The presence of these binary-only programs in “source” files of "
+"Linux creates a secondary problem: it calls into question whether Linux "
+"binaries can legally be redistributed at all. The GPL requires “"
+"complete corresponding source code,” and a sequence of integers is not "
+"the source code. By the same token, adding such a binary to the Linux "
+"sources violates the GPL."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅÃtomnost tÄchto programů pouze v jejich binárnà formÄ ve
âzdrojovýchâ "
+"souborech Linuxu vytváÅà druhotný problém: otázku, zda mohou být
linuxové "
+"binárky vůbec legálnÄ distribuovány. GPL požaduje âúplný
odpovÃdajÃcà "
+"zdrojový kódâ a soubor ÄÃsel nenà zdrojovým kódem. Podle toho
ohrožuje "
+"pÅidánà takovéto binárky ke zdrojovým kódům Linuxu GPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs into "
+"separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when completed it "
+"will solve the secondary problem; we could make a “free Linux” "
+"version that doesn't have the non-free firmware files. That by itself won't "
+"do much good if most people use the non-free “official” version "
+"of Linux. That may well occur, because on many platforms the free version "
+"won't run without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” "
+"project will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code "
+"for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded processor it "
+"runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less daunting if we had done it "
+"little by little over the years, rather than letting it mount up. In "
+"recruiting people to do this job, we will have to overcome the idea, spread "
+"by some Linux developers, that the job is not necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"VývojáÅi Linuxu plánujà pÅemÃstit tyto firmwarové programy do
oddÄlených "
+"souborů; bude trvat nÄkolik let, než tato myÅ¡lenka dozraje, ale až bude
vše "
+"hotové, vyÅeÅ¡Ã to tento druhotný problém. Mohli bychom vytvoÅit verzi "
+"âsvobodného Linuxuâ bez nesvobodných firmwarových souborů. Samo o
sobÄ to "
+"ale nenà pÅÃliÅ¡ dobré, když vÄtÅ¡ina lidà použÃvá nesvobodnou
âoficiálnÃâ "
+"verzi Linuxu. K tomu by mohlo snadno dojÃt, neboÅ¥ svobodná verze nebude
bez "
+"nesvobodného firmware na mnoha platformách fungovat. Projekt âsvobodný "
+"Linuxâ bude muset pÅijÃt na to, co firmware dÄlá a psát pro nÄj
zdrojové "
+"kódy, snad v assembleru pro jakýkoli zabudovaný procesor, na nÄmž
program "
+"bÄžÃ. Je to odrazujÃcà Äinnost. Bylo by lepÅ¡Ã, kdybychom to dÄlali
po "
+"troÅ¡kách v průbÄhu let než celé naráz. Až budeme shánÄt lidi na
tuto práci, "
+"budeme muset pÅebÃt myÅ¡lenku Å¡ÃÅenou nÄkterými vývojáÅi Linuxu,
že je "
+"zbyteÄná."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free software, yet "
+"its current version is partially non-free. How did this happen? This "
+"problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper, reflects the attitude of the "
+"original developer of Linux, a person who thinks that “technically "
+"better” is more important than freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Linux, kernel, je Äasto vnÃmán jako vlajková loÄ svobodného software, "
+"software, pÅesto je jeho souÄasná verze zÄásti nesvobodná. Jak se to
stalo? "
+"Tento problém, stejnÄ jako rozhodnutà použÃvat Bitkeeper, odrážÃ
postoj "
+"původnÃho vývojáÅe Linuxu, ÄlovÄka, který se domnÃvá, že
technická vyspÄlost "
+"je důležitÄjÅ¡Ã než svoboda."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history. “Don't "
+"bother us with politics,” respond those who don't want to learn."
+msgstr ""
+"Historie nás uÄÃ, že si svobody máme vážit, jinak ji ztratÃme.
âNeobtÄžujte "
+"nás s politikou,â odpovÃdajà ti, kdo se nechtÄjà uÄit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong><a name=\"update\">Update:</a></strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper is no "
+"longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the article, <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/mcvoy.html\">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a>. The Linux "
+"sources still contain non-free firmware blobs, but as of January 2008, a <a "
+"href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";> free version of Linux</a> "
+"is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux distributions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ general FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/"
+"\">dalÅ¡Ã možnosti jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch "
+"odkazů, jiných oprav a návrhů se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2002 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2002 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"autora-Nezpracovávejte 3.0 Spojené státy americké License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft-old.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/microsoft-old.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/microsoft-old.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft-old.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+# Czech translation of http://philosophy/microsoft-old.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/microsoft-old.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 04:34+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2009-09-26 19:42+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Is Microsoft the Great Satan? (Old Version) - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Je Microsoft velký satan? (stará verze) â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro
svobodný "
+"software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Is Microsoft the Great Satan? (Old Version)"
+msgstr "Je Microsoft velký satan? (stará verze)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"There is an <a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\"> updated version</a> of "
+"this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many people think of Microsoft as the monster menace of the software "
+"industry. There is even a campaign to boycott Microsoft. This feeling has "
+"intensified since Microsoft expressed active hostility towards free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho lidà pÅemýšlà o Microsoftu jako o zrůdné hrozbÄ softwarového
průmyslu. "
+"Dokonce existuje kampaÅ pro bojkot Microsoftu. Tyto pocity jeÅ¡tÄ
zesÃlily, "
+"když Microsoft vyjádÅil aktivnà nepÅátelstvà vůÄi svobodnému
softwaru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the free software movement, our perspective is different. We see that "
+"Microsoft is doing something that is bad for software users: making software "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> proprietary</a> "
+"and thus denying users their rightful freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Ve Free Software Movement je náš náhled jiný. VidÃme, že Microsoft
dÄlá "
+"nÄco, co poÅ¡kozuje uživatele softwaru: dÄlá software <a
href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietárnÃ</a> odepÃrajÃce jim "
+"jejich zákonnou svobodu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But Microsoft is not alone in this; almost all software companies do the "
+"same thing to the users. If other companies manage to dominate fewer users "
+"than Microsoft, that is not for lack of trying."
+msgstr ""
+"Microsoft vÅ¡ak nenà sám; témÄÅ vÅ¡echny softwarové spoleÄnosti
dÄlajà "
+"uživatelům to samé. Pokud jiné spoleÄnosti dokážà ovládat ménÄ
uživatelů než "
+"Microsoft, pak to proto, že by se nesnažily."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is not meant to excuse Microsoft. Rather, it is meant as a reminder "
+"that Microsoft is the natural development of a software industry based on <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/shouldbefree.html\">dividing users and taking away their "
+"freedom</a>. When criticizing Microsoft, we must not exonerate the other "
+"companies that also make proprietary software. At the FSF, we don't run any "
+"proprietary software—not from Microsoft or anyone else."
+msgstr ""
+"NesnažÃme se omlouvat Microsoft, ale pukázat na to, že Microsoft je "
+"pÅirozeným výplodem softwarového průmyslu založeného na <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/shouldbefree.html\">rozdÄlovánà uživatelů a odepÃránÃ
jejich "
+"svobod</a>. Když kritizujeme Microsoft, nesmÃme ospravedlÅovat jiné "
+"spoleÄnosti, které také vytváÅejà proprietárnà software. Ve FSF,
nepoužÃváme "
+"žádný proprietárnà software---ani od Microsoftu ani od nikoho jiného."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the “Halloween documents”, released at the end of October "
+"1998, Microsoft executives stated an intention to use various methods to "
+"obstruct the development of free software: specifically, designing secret "
+"protocols and file formats, and patenting algorithms and software features."
+msgstr ""
+"V âHalloween documentsâ, vydaných ke konci ÅÃjna 1998, stanovili lidé
z "
+"Microsoftu zámÄr použÃt různé metody stÄžovánà vývoje svobodného
softwaru: "
+"konkrétnÄ vývoj uzavÅených protokolů, souborových formátů,
patentovánà "
+"algoritmů a vlastnostà softwaru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These obstructionist policies are nothing new: Microsoft, and many other "
+"software companies, have been doing them for years now. In the past, "
+"probably, their motivation was to attack each other; now, it seems, we are "
+"among the intended targets. But that change in motivation has no practical "
+"consequence, because secret conventions and software patents obstruct "
+"everyone, regardless of the “intended target”."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato omezenà nejsou niÄÃm novým: Microsoft a spousta jiných
softwarových "
+"spoleÄnostà je praktikovala roky. V minulosti pravdÄpodobnÄ bylo jejich "
+"motivacà útoÄit jeden na druhého; nynà to vypadá, že jsme mezi
úmyslnými "
+"cÃli. Tato zmÄna v motivaci vÅ¡ak nemá praktický význam, jelikož
uzavÅené "
+"konvence a softwarové patenty omezujà každého, bez ohledu na
âzamýšlený cÃl.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Secrecy and patents do threaten free software. They have obstructed us "
+"greatly in the past, and we must expect they will do so even more in the "
+"future. But this is no different from what was going to happen even if "
+"Microsoft had never noticed us. The only real significance of the “"
+"Halloween documents” is that Microsoft seems to think that the <a href="
+"\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a> has the potential for great "
+"success."
+msgstr ""
+"UzavÅenost a patenty ohrožujà svobodný software. Omezovali nás dost již
v "
+"minulosti a musÃme pÅedpokládat, že tak budou Äinit v budoucnosti
jeÅ¡tÄ "
+"vÃce. Nenà rozdÃl mezi tÃm, co by se dÄlo v pÅÃpadÄ, že by nás
Microsoft "
+"nikdy neupozornil. Jediný skuteÄný význam âHalloween documentsâ tkvÃ
zÅejmÄ "
+"ve skuteÄnosti, že Microsoft si pÅipouÅ¡tà možnost Å¡irÅ¡Ãho úspÄchu
<a href=\"/"
+"gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">systému GNU/Linux</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Thank you, Microsoft, and please get out of the way."
+msgstr "DÄkujeme, Microsofte, ale už by to staÄilo, ne?"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"autora-Nezpracovávejte 3.0 Spojené státy americké License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+# Czech translation of http://philosophy/no-word-attachments.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2002.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: no-word-attachments.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 04:34+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-09-14 17:39+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"We Can Put an End to Word Attachments - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Můžeme skoncovat s pÅÃlohami ve formátu .doc â Projekt GNU â Nadace
pro "
+"svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, general, public, license, gpl, "
+"general public license, freedom, software, power, rights, word, attachment, "
+"word attachment, microsoft"
+msgstr "GNU, FSF, Nadace pro svobodný software, Linux, obecné, veÅejnost,
license, gpl, general public license, freedom, software,moc, práva, word,
pÅÃlohy .doc, microsoft"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"This essay explains why Microsoft Word attachments to email are bad, and "
+"describes what you can do to help stop this practice."
+msgstr "Tato esej vysvÄtluje, proÄ je Å¡patné posÃlat mailem soubory ve
formátu .doc, a popisuje, co můžeme udÄlat, abychom pomohli skoncovat s
touto praktikou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "We Can Put an End to Word Attachments"
+msgstr "Můžeme skoncovat s pÅÃlohami ve formátu .doc"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "napsal <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Don't you just hate receiving Word documents in email messages? Word "
+"attachments are annoying, but, worse than that, they impede people from "
+"switching to free software. Maybe we can stop this practice with a simple "
+"collective effort. All we have to do is ask each person who sends us a Word "
+"file to reconsider that way of doing things."
+msgstr ""
+"NesnášÃte pÅijÃmánà souborů .doc v emailech? PÅÃlohy ve formátu
.doc nás "
+"obtÄžujÃ. Co je vÅ¡ak horÅ¡Ã, bránà lidem zaÄÃt použÃvat svobodný
software. "
+"Možná s tÃm můžeme skoncovat jednoduchým spoleÄným úsilÃm. VÅ¡e, co
k tomu "
+"musÃme udÄlat, je požádat každého, kdo posÃlá soubor .doc, aby
zvážil, co "
+"dÄlá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most computer users use Microsoft Word. That is unfortunate for them, since "
+"Word is proprietary software, denying its users the freedom to study, "
+"change, copy, and redistribute it. And because Microsoft changes the Word "
+"file format with each release, its users are locked into a system that "
+"compels them to buy each upgrade whether they want a change or not. They "
+"may even find, several years from now, that the Word documents they are "
+"writing this year can no longer be read with the version of Word they use "
+"then."
+msgstr ""
+"VÄtÅ¡ina poÄÃtaÄových uživatelů použÃvá Microsoft Word. To je pro
nÄ "
+"neÅ¡Å¥astné, protože Word je proprietárnà software a upÃrá svým
uživatelům "
+"svobodu jej studovat, mÄnit, kopÃrovat a a redistribuovat. DÃky tomu, že "
+"Microsoft mÄnà formát .doc s každým vydánÃm Wordu, jsou jeho
uživatelé "
+"uzavÅeni v systému, který je nutà kupovat si každou vyÅ¡Å¡Ã verzi, i
když nová "
+"vylepÅ¡enà nepotÅebujÃ. Za nÄkolik let dokonce mohou zjistit, že
dokumenty "
+"vytvoÅené letos se již nebudou dát souÄasnou verzà Wordu pÅeÄÃst."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But it hurts us, too, when they assume we use Word and send us (or demand
+# | that we send them) documents in Word format. Some people publish or post
+# | documents in Word format. Some organizations will only accept files in
+# | Word format: [-someone-] I [-know-] {+heard from someone that he+} was
+# | unable to apply for a job because resumes had to be Word files. Even
+# | governments sometimes impose Word format on the public, which is truly
+# | outrageous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But it hurts us, too, when they assume we use Word and send us (or demand "
+#| "that we send them) documents in Word format. Some people publish or post "
+#| "documents in Word format. Some organizations will only accept files in "
+#| "Word format: someone I know was unable to apply for a job because resumes "
+#| "had to be Word files. Even governments sometimes impose Word format on "
+#| "the public, which is truly outrageous."
+msgid ""
+"But it hurts us, too, when they assume we use Word and send us (or demand "
+"that we send them) documents in Word format. Some people publish or post "
+"documents in Word format. Some organizations will only accept files in Word "
+"format: I heard from someone that he was unable to apply for a job because "
+"resumes had to be Word files. Even governments sometimes impose Word format "
+"on the public, which is truly outrageous."
+msgstr ""
+"Když pÅedpokládajÃ, že použÃváme Word a posÃlajà nám (nebo
požadujÃ, abychom "
+"jim posÃlali) dokumenty ve formátu .doc, poÅ¡kozuje to i nás. NÄkteÅÃ
lidé "
+"soubory .doc zveÅejÅujà nebo posÃlajà emailem. NÄkteré organizace
pÅijÃmajà "
+"pouze soubory ve formátu .doc: jeden můj známý se nemohl ucházet o "
+"zamÄstnánÃ, protože vÅ¡echny žádosti musely být zaslány ve formátu
.doc. "
+"Dokonce i vlády nÄkdy naÅÃdà použÃvat pro veÅejnou komunikaci formát
.doc, a "
+"to je doopravdy ostudné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For us users of free operating systems, receiving Word documents is an
+# | [-inconvenience.-] {+inconvenience or an obstacle.+} But the worst impact
+# | of sending Word format is on people who might switch to free systems: they
+# | hesitate because they feel they must have Word available to read the Word
+# | files they receive. The practice of using the secret Word format for
+# | interchange impedes the growth of our community and the spread of freedom.
+# | While we notice the occasional annoyance of receiving a Word document,
+# | this steady and persistent harm to our community usually doesn't come to
+# | our attention. But it is happening all the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For us users of free operating systems, receiving Word documents is an "
+#| "inconvenience. But the worst impact of sending Word format is on people "
+#| "who might switch to free systems: they hesitate because they feel they "
+#| "must have Word available to read the Word files they receive. The "
+#| "practice of using the secret Word format for interchange impedes the "
+#| "growth of our community and the spread of freedom. While we notice the "
+#| "occasional annoyance of receiving a Word document, this steady and "
+#| "persistent harm to our community usually doesn't come to our attention. "
+#| "But it is happening all the time."
+msgid ""
+"For us users of free operating systems, receiving Word documents is an "
+"inconvenience or an obstacle. But the worst impact of sending Word format "
+"is on people who might switch to free systems: they hesitate because they "
+"feel they must have Word available to read the Word files they receive. The "
+"practice of using the secret Word format for interchange impedes the growth "
+"of our community and the spread of freedom. While we notice the occasional "
+"annoyance of receiving a Word document, this steady and persistent harm to "
+"our community usually doesn't come to our attention. But it is happening "
+"all the time."
+msgstr ""
+"Uživateli svobodného software je pÅijÃmánà souborů .doc na obtÞ.
Ten "
+"nejhorÅ¡Ã dopad má vÅ¡ak jejich zasÃlánà na lidi, kteÅà by mohli
pÅejÃt na "
+"svobodné systémy: váhajÃ, neboÅ¥ cÃtÃ, že musà mÃt Word, aby si v
nÄm mohli "
+"pÅeÄÃst soubory, které dostávajÃ. Praxe posÃlánà utajeného formátu
.doc "
+"zabraÅuje růstu naÅ¡Ã komunity a Å¡ÃÅenà svobody. Sice nás Äas od
Äasu "
+"obtÄžuje nutnost ÄÃst .doc, vÄtÅ¡inou si vÅ¡ak neuvÄdomÃme tyto
hlubšà trvalé "
+"Å¡kody, které způsobuje. DÄje se to ale stále."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Many GNU users who receive Word documents try to find ways to handle them.
+# | You can manage to find the somewhat obfuscated ASCII text in the file by
+# | skimming through it. [-There is free-] {+Free+} software [-now that-]
+# | {+today+} can read [-some subset of-] {+most+} Word [-documents. The-]
+# | {+documents, but not all—the+} format is secret and has not been
+# | entirely [-decoded; as long as-] {+decoded. Even worse,+} Microsoft
+# | [-keeps changing the format, we can't expect these programs to be
+# | perfect.-] {+can change it at any time.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Many GNU users who receive Word documents try to find ways to handle "
+#| "them. You can manage to find the somewhat obfuscated ASCII text in the "
+#| "file by skimming through it. There is free software now that can read "
+#| "some subset of Word documents. The format is secret and has not been "
+#| "entirely decoded; as long as Microsoft keeps changing the format, we "
+#| "can't expect these programs to be perfect."
+msgid ""
+"Many GNU users who receive Word documents try to find ways to handle them. "
+"You can manage to find the somewhat obfuscated ASCII text in the file by "
+"skimming through it. Free software today can read most Word documents, but "
+"not all—the format is secret and has not been entirely decoded. Even "
+"worse, Microsoft can change it at any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho uživatelů GNU, kteÅà obdržà dokument ve formátu .doc, se snažÃ
najÃt "
+"způsob, jak si s nÃm poradit. Může se vám podaÅit nalézt v nÄm
nÄjaký "
+"zmatený text i v obyÄejném editoru. Nynà existuje svobodný software,
který "
+"dokáže pÅeÄÃst urÄitou podmnožinu dokumentů .doc. Tento formát je
však "
+"utajený a nebyl zcela deÅ¡ifrován; dokud bude Microsoft formát mÄnit, "
+"nemůžeme oÄekávat, že tyto programy budou dokonalé."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Worst of all, it has already done so. Microsoft Office 2007 uses by default "
+"a format based on the patented OOXML format. (This is the one that "
+"Microsoft got declared an “open standard” by political "
+"manipulation and packing standards committees.) The actual format is not "
+"entirely OOXML, and it is not entirely documented. Microsoft offers a "
+"gratis patent license for OOXML on terms which do not allow free "
+"implementations. We are thus beginning to receive Word files in a format "
+"that free programs are not even allowed to read."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-If-]{+When you receive a Word file, if+} you think of [-the document you
+# | received-] {+that+} as an isolated event, it is natural to try to cope
+# | [-with it on your own. But when you recognize it-] {+by finding a way to
+# | read it. Considered+} as an instance of a pernicious systematic practice,
+# | it calls for a different approach. Managing to read the file is treating
+# | a symptom of [-a chronic illness. To cure-] {+an epidemic disease; what
+# | we really want to do is stop+} the [-illness,-] {+disease from spreading.
+# | That means+} we must convince people not to send or post Word documents.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you think of the document you received as an isolated event, it is "
+#| "natural to try to cope with it on your own. But when you recognize it as "
+#| "an instance of a pernicious systematic practice, it calls for a different "
+#| "approach. Managing to read the file is treating a symptom of a chronic "
+#| "illness. To cure the illness, we must convince people not to send or "
+#| "post Word documents."
+msgid ""
+"When you receive a Word file, if you think of that as an isolated event, it "
+"is natural to try to cope by finding a way to read it. Considered as an "
+"instance of a pernicious systematic practice, it calls for a different "
+"approach. Managing to read the file is treating a symptom of an epidemic "
+"disease; what we really want to do is stop the disease from spreading. That "
+"means we must convince people not to send or post Word documents."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud se domnÃváte, že dokument, který jste obdrželi, je výjimkou, je "
+"pÅirozené pokusit se to zvládnout sám. Když ovÅ¡em poznáte, že se
jedná o "
+"zhoubnou systematickou praxi, vyžaduje to odliÅ¡ný pÅÃstup. PokouÅ¡et se
daný "
+"soubor pÅeÄÃst je srovnatelné s potÃránÃm pÅÃznaků chronických
onemocnÄnÃ. "
+"Abychom tuto nemoc vyléÄili, musÃme pÅesvÄdÄit lidi, aby dokumenty .doc
"
+"neposÃlali."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-For about a year, I've made-]{+I therefore make+} a practice of
+# | responding to Word attachments with a polite message explaining why the
+# | practice of sending Word files is a bad thing, and asking the person to
+# | resend the material in a nonsecret format. This is a lot less work than
+# | trying to read the somewhat obfuscated ASCII text in the Word file. And I
+# | find that people usually understand the issue, and many say they will not
+# | send Word files to others any more.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For about a year, I've made a practice of responding to Word attachments "
+#| "with a polite message explaining why the practice of sending Word files "
+#| "is a bad thing, and asking the person to resend the material in a "
+#| "nonsecret format. This is a lot less work than trying to read the "
+#| "somewhat obfuscated ASCII text in the Word file. And I find that people "
+#| "usually understand the issue, and many say they will not send Word files "
+#| "to others any more."
+msgid ""
+"I therefore make a practice of responding to Word attachments with a polite "
+"message explaining why the practice of sending Word files is a bad thing, "
+"and asking the person to resend the material in a nonsecret format. This is "
+"a lot less work than trying to read the somewhat obfuscated ASCII text in "
+"the Word file. And I find that people usually understand the issue, and "
+"many say they will not send Word files to others any more."
+msgstr ""
+"Asi pÅed rokem jsem si zvykl odpovÃdat na pÅÃlohy .doc sluÅ¡nou zprávou,
"
+"která vysvÄtluje, proÄ je Å¡patné posÃlat soubory v tomto formátu.
ZároveŠ"
+"žádá odesilatele, aby soubor pÅeposlal v otevÅeném formátu. Dá to
daleko "
+"ménÄ práce než pokouÅ¡et se pÅeÄÃst jakýsi podivný ASCII text v
.doc. "
+"ZjiÅ¡Å¥uji, že tomu lidé obvykle porozumà a mnoho z nich ÅÃká, že již
nikdy "
+"nebudou ostatnÃm posÃlat .doc soubory."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we all do this, we will have a much larger effect. People who disregard "
+"one polite request may change their practice when they receive multiple "
+"polite requests from various people. We may be able to give <em>Don't send "
+"Word format!</em> the status of netiquette, if we start systematically "
+"raising the issue with everyone who sends us Word files."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud toto udÄláme vÅ¡ichni, bude to daleko úÄinnÄjÅ¡Ã. Lidé, kteÅÃ
neberou na "
+"vÄdomà jeden sluÅ¡ný požadavek, možná pÅehodnotà svůj názor, když
jich obdržà "
+"vÃce od různých lidÃ. Když zaÄneme systematicky zasÃlat každému, kdo
nám "
+"posÃlá soubory ve formátu .doc, takovou zprávu, můžeme dát vÄtÄ "
+"<em>NeposÃlejte .doc!</em> status netikety."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | To make this effort efficient, you will probably want to develop a canned
+# | reply that you can quickly send each time it is necessary. I've included
+# | two examples: the version I have been using recently, followed by a new
+# | version that teaches a Word user how to convert to other useful formats.
+# | {+They are followed by several suggestions sent by other people.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To make this effort efficient, you will probably want to develop a canned "
+#| "reply that you can quickly send each time it is necessary. I've included "
+#| "two examples: the version I have been using recently, followed by a new "
+#| "version that teaches a Word user how to convert to other useful formats."
+msgid ""
+"To make this effort efficient, you will probably want to develop a canned "
+"reply that you can quickly send each time it is necessary. I've included "
+"two examples: the version I have been using recently, followed by a new "
+"version that teaches a Word user how to convert to other useful formats. "
+"They are followed by several suggestions sent by other people."
+msgstr ""
+"Aby byla tato snaha úÄinná, budete pravdÄpodobnÄ chtÃt mÃt stálou
odpovÄÄ, "
+"kterou můžete rychle poslat pokaždé, když je to tÅeba. Uvedl jsem dva "
+"pÅÃklady: verzi, kterou jsem nedávno použÃval, a za nà následujÃcÃ
verzi "
+"novÄjÅ¡Ã, která uživatele Wordu nauÄÃ, jak zkonvertovat .doc do jiných
"
+"užiteÄných formátů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You can use these replies verbatim if you like, or you can personalize them "
+"or write your own. By all means construct a reply that fits your ideas and "
+"your personality—if the replies are personal and not all alike, that "
+"will make the campaign more effective."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud chcete, můžete použÃt tyto odpovÄdi doslovnÄ, pÅizpůsobit si
je, anebo "
+"napsat své vlastnÃ. V každém pÅÃpadÄ si vytvoÅte odpovÄÄ, která
odpovÃdá "
+"VaÅ¡im myÅ¡lenkám a VaÅ¡Ã osobnosti â jsou-li odpovÄdi osobnà a
rozdÃlné, bude "
+"tato akce mnohem efektivnÄjÅ¡Ã."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These replies are meant for individuals who send Word files. When you "
+"encounter an organization that imposes use of Word format, that calls for a "
+"different sort of reply; there you can raise issues of fairness that would "
+"not apply to an individual's actions."
+msgstr ""
+"Tyto odpovÄdi jsou urÄeny jednotlivcům, kteÅà zasÃlajà .doc soubory.
Pokud "
+"se setkáte s organizacà vyžadujÃcà použÃvánà formátu .doc, bude
lepšà zvolit "
+"jiný typ odpovÄdi; můžete zde vyzdvihnout otázku spravedlnosti, kterou
se u "
+"Äinů jednotlivců argumentovat nedá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some recruiters ask for resumes in Word format. Ludicrously, some "
+"recruiters do this even when looking for someone for a free software job. "
+"(Anyone using those recruiters for free software jobs is not likely to get a "
+"competent employee.) To help change this practice, you can put a link to "
+"this page into your resume, next to links to other formats of the resume. "
+"Anyone hunting for a Word version of the resume will probably read this page."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This page talks about Word attachments, since they are by far the most "
+"common case. However, the same issues apply with other proprietary formats, "
+"such as PowerPoint and Excel. Please feel free to adapt the replies to "
+"cover those as well, if you wish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "With our numbers, simply by asking, we can make a difference."
+msgstr "DÃky tomu, kolik nás je, můžeme zmÄnit vÄci i pouhým
požádánÃm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>You sent the attachment in Microsoft Word format, a secret proprietary "
+"format, so I cannot read it. If you send me the plain text, HTML, or PDF, "
+"then I could read it.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Poslal/a jste mi pÅÃlohu ve formátu .doc, utajeném proprietárnÃm "
+"formátu, a proto si ji nemohu pÅeÄÃst. To budu moci udÄlat, pokud mi ji "
+"poÅ¡lete jako Äistý text, HTML, nebo PDF.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Sending people documents in Word format has bad effects, because that "
+"practice puts pressure on them to use Microsoft software. In effect, you "
+"become a buttress of the Microsoft monopoly. This specific problem is a "
+"major obstacle to the broader adoption of GNU/Linux. Would you please "
+"reconsider the use of Word format for communication with other people?</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>ZasÃlánà dokumentů ve formátu .doc má Å¡padný dopad. VytváÅà na
lidi "
+"tlak, aby použÃvali software od Microsoftu, a nutà je zamÃtnout
jakékoliv "
+"jiné alternativy. V důsledku se tak stanete oporou monopolu firmy
Microsoft. "
+"Tento tlak je nejvÄtÅ¡Ã pÅekážkou vÄtÅ¡Ãho rozÅ¡ÃÅenà systému
GNU/Linux. "
+"Zvážili byste, prosÃm, použÃvánà formátu .doc pro komunikaci s
ostatnÃmi "
+"lidmi?</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(Explanatory note: I can handle ODF too, but it isn't very convenient for "
+"me, so I don't include it in my list of suggestions.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>You sent the attachment in Microsoft Word format, a secret proprietary "
+"format, so it is hard for me to read. If you send me plain text, HTML, or "
+"PDF, then I will read it.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Poslal/a jste mi pÅÃlohu ve formátu .doc, utajeném proprietárnÃm "
+"formátu, a tudÞ si ji nemohu pÅeÄÃst. Pokud mi poÅ¡lete Äistý text,
HTML, "
+"nebo PDF, pÅeÄtu si ji.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Distributing documents in Word format is bad for you and for others. "
+"You can't be sure what they will look like if someone views them with a "
+"different version of Word; they may not work at all.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Distribuce dokumentů ve formátu .doc je špatná pro Vás i pro druhé.
"
+"Nemůžete si být jisti, jak bude pÅÃloha vypadat po otevÅenà jinou
verzà "
+"Wordu; možná nepůjde otevÅÃt vůbec.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <em>Receiving Word [-attachments-] {+documents+} is bad for you because
+# | they can carry viruses (see
+# | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus_(computing)). Sending Word
+# | [-attachments-] {+documents+} is bad for you[-,-] because a Word document
+# | normally includes hidden information about the author, enabling those in
+# | the know to pry into the author's activities (maybe yours). Text that you
+# | think you deleted may still be embarrassingly present. See
+# | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3154479.stm for more info.</em>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>Receiving Word attachments is bad for you because they can carry "
+#| "viruses (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus_(computing)). "
+#| "Sending Word attachments is bad for you, because a Word document normally "
+#| "includes hidden information about the author, enabling those in the know "
+#| "to pry into the author's activities (maybe yours). Text that you think "
+#| "you deleted may still be embarrassingly present. See http://news.bbc.co.";
+#| "uk/2/hi/technology/3154479.stm for more info.</em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>Receiving Word documents is bad for you because they can carry viruses "
+"(see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus_(computing)). Sending Word "
+"documents is bad for you because a Word document normally includes hidden "
+"information about the author, enabling those in the know to pry into the "
+"author's activities (maybe yours). Text that you think you deleted may "
+"still be embarrassingly present. See http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/";
+"technology/3154479.stm for more info.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"PÅijÃmánà pÅÃloh .doc je pro Vás Å¡patné, protože mohou pÅinášet
viry "
+"(podÃvejte se na http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus_(computing)). "
+"OdesÃlánà pÅÃloh ve formátu .doc je pro Vás Å¡patné, protože
dokument v tomto "
+"formátu zpravidla obsahuje skrytou informaci o autorovi, a umožÅuje to "
+"znalým lidem slÃdit v Äinnosti autora (možná Vás). Text, jež
pokládáte za "
+"smazaný, může být stále pÅÃtomen, což může vyústit v trapnou
situaci. VÃce "
+"informacà zÃskáte na http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3154479.stm.";
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>But above all, sending people Word documents puts pressure on them to "
+"use Microsoft software and helps to deny them any other choice. In effect, "
+"you become a buttress of the Microsoft monopoly. This pressure is a major "
+"obstacle to the broader adoption of free software.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>PosÃlánà souborů .doc vÅ¡ak pÅedevÅ¡Ãm vytváÅà na lidi tlak, aby
použÃvali "
+"software spoleÄnosti Microsoft, a pomáhá jim zavrhnout jakýkoli jiný "
+"software. V důsledku se tak stanete oporou monopolu firmy Microsoft. Tento "
+"tlak je tÃm, co nejvÃce brzdà rozÅ¡ÃÅenà svobodného software.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <em>Would you please [-reconsider the use-] {+switch to a different way+}
+# | of [-Word format for communication with-] {+sending files to+} other
+# | [-people?</em>-] {+people, instead of Word format?</em>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>Would you please reconsider the use of Word format for communication "
+#| "with other people?</em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>Would you please switch to a different way of sending files to other "
+"people, instead of Word format?</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Zvážili byste, prosÃm, použità formátu .doc pro veÅejnou
komunikaci?</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Microsoft is already starting to make Word users switch to a new version "
+"of Word format, based on OOXML. Its specs are 6000 pages long--so complex "
+"that probably no one else can ever implement it--and Microsoft can sue you "
+"for patent infringement if you try. If you don't wish to join in this "
+"attack against interoperability, the way to avoid it is by deciding not to "
+"use Word format for interchange.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>To convert the file to HTML using Word is simple. Open the document, "
+"click on File, then Save As, and in the Save As Type strip box at the bottom "
+"of the box, choose HTML Document or Web Page. Then choose Save. You can "
+"then attach the new HTML document instead of your Word document. Note that "
+"Word changes in inconsistent ways—if you see slightly different menu "
+"item names, please try them.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"Zkonvertovat ve Wordu soubor do formátu HTML je snadné. OtevÅte dokument, "
+"kliknÄte na Soubor, poté na Uložit jako a ve spodnà Äásti novÄ
vytvoÅeného "
+"okna si v kolonce Typ souboru vyberte âHTML dokumentâ nebo âWebová
Stránkaâ. "
+"Poté kliknÄte na Uložit. Tento nový HTML dokument můžete pÅipojit k
mailu "
+"namÃsto toho původnÃho ve formátu .doc. Pozor, různé verze Wordu se
Äasto "
+"vzájemnÄ liÅ¡Ã â pokud jsou v menu položky s jinými podobnými názvy,
prosÃm, "
+"zkuste je použÃt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>To convert to plain text is almost the same—instead of HTML "
+"Document, choose Text Only or Text Document as the Save As Type.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Konverze na Äistý text je takÅka shodná â mÃsto âHTML
dokumentâ si v "
+"kolonce Typ Souboru vyberte âPouze textâ Äi âTextový
dokumentâ.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <em>Your computer may also have a program to convert to PDF format.
+# | Select [-File =>-] {+File, then+} Print. Scroll through available
+# | printers and select the PDF converter. Click on the Print button and
+# | enter a name for the PDF file when requested.</em>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>Your computer may also have a program to convert to PDF format. "
+#| "Select File => Print. Scroll through available printers and select the "
+#| "PDF converter. Click on the Print button and enter a name for the PDF "
+#| "file when requested.</em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>Your computer may also have a program to convert to PDF format. Select "
+"File, then Print. Scroll through available printers and select the PDF "
+"converter. Click on the Print button and enter a name for the PDF file when "
+"requested.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Váš poÄÃtaÄ může mÃt také program na konverzi do formátu PDF.
Vyberte si "
+"Soubor => Tisk. ProhlédnÄte si dostupné tiskárny a vyberte si PDF
konvertor. "
+"KliknÄte na tlaÄÃtko Tisk a vyplÅte název PDF souboru, je-li
požadován.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <em>See [-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em>-]
+# | {+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html for more about
+# | this issue.</em>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<em>See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html for more "
+"about this issue.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>PÅeÄtÄte si
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Here's another approach, suggested by Bob Chassell. It requires that you "
+"edit it for the specific example, and it presumes you have a way to extract "
+"the contents and see how long they are."
+msgstr ""
+"Zde je jiný pÅÃstup, který navrhuje Bob Chassell. Vyžaduje, abyste jej "
+"upravili pro ten konkrétnà pÅÃpad. PÅedpokládá, že máte způsob jak
si "
+"âvytáhnoutâ samotný obsah a zjistit, jak je velký."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>I am puzzled. Why did you choose to send me 876,377 bytes in your "
+"recent message when the content is only 27,133 bytes?</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Jsem zmatený. ProÄ jste si vybral/a poslat mi ve VaÅ¡Ã poslednÃ
zprávÄ "
+"876 377 bytů, když je jejà obsah jen 27 133 bytů?</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>You sent me five files in the non-standard, bloated .doc format that is "
+"Microsoft's secret, rather than in the international, public, and more "
+"efficient format of plain text.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Poslal/a jste mi pÄt souborů v nestandardnÃm, nafouklém formátu
.doc, "
+"který je tajemstvÃm Microsoftu, radÄji než v mezinárodnÃm, veÅejném a
"
+"podstatnÄ vhodnÄjÅ¡Ãm formátu Äistého textu.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Microsoft can (and did recently in Kenya and Brazil) have local police "
+"enforce laws that prohibit students from studying the code, prohibit "
+"entrepeneurs starting new companies, and prohibit professionals offering "
+"their services. Please don't give them your support.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Microsoft si může (a nedávno to udÄlal v Keni a v BrazÃlii) svou "
+"politikou prosadit zákony, jež zakazujà studentům studovat kód programu
a "
+"podnikatelům zakládat nové firmy. OdbornÃkům zakazujÃ, aby nabÃzeli
své "
+"služby. ProsÃme, nepodporujte je.</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | John D. Ramsdell suggests people [-to-] discourage the use of [-Microsoft
+# | Word and PowerPoint-] {+proprietary+} attachments by making a small
+# | statement in their <kbd>.signature</kbd> file:
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "John D. Ramsdell suggests people to discourage the use of Microsoft Word "
+#| "and PowerPoint attachments by making a small statement in their <kbd>."
+#| "signature</kbd> file:"
+msgid ""
+"John D. Ramsdell suggests people discourage the use of proprietary "
+"attachments by making a small statement in their <kbd>.signature</kbd> file:"
+msgstr ""
+"John D. Ramsdell odrazuje lidi od zasÃlánà pÅÃloh ve formátu .doc nebo
.ppt "
+"(PowerPoint) krátkou zprávou v <kbd>.signature</kbd>:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p><em>
+msgid "<em>Please avoid sending me Word or PowerPoint attachments."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>ProsÃm, neposÃlejte mi pÅÃlohy ve formátech .doc nebo .ppt
(PowerPoint)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"PÅeÄtÄte si http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/anonymous-response.html\">Here is a response letter</"
+"a> to an email message with a Word attachment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Kevin Cole of the Gallaudet University in Washington, DC, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/kevin-cole-response.html\">sends out this automatic reply "
+"message</a> whenever he receives a word attachment. (I think it is better "
+"to send the responses by hand, and make it clear that you have done so, "
+"because people will receive them better.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 2002, 2007 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2002 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"autora-Nezpracovávejte 3.0 Spojené státy americké License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+# Czech translation of http://philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: patent-reform-is-not-enough.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 04:35+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2004-05-26 18:39+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Patent Reform Is Not Enough - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Patentová reforma nestaÄà â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný
software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Patent Reform Is Not Enough"
+msgstr "Patentová reforma nestaÄÃ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When people first learn about the problem of software patents, their "
+"attention is often drawn to the egregious examples: patents that cover "
+"techniques already widely known. These techniques include sorting a "
+"collection of formulae so that no variable is used before it is calculated "
+"(called “natural order recalculation” in spreadsheets), and the "
+"use of exclusive-or to modify the contents of a bit-map display."
+msgstr ""
+"Když se lidé poprvé dozvÄdà o problému softwarových patentů, je
jejich "
+"pozornost Äasto pÅitahována skandálnÃmi pÅÃklady: patenty
pokrývajÃcà již "
+"obecnÄ známé techniky. Tyto techniky zahrnujà tÅÃdÄnà souboru
vzorců, takže "
+"žádná promÄnná nenà použita pÅed tÃm, než je s nà poÄÃtáno (v
tabulkových "
+"procesorech se to nazývá âpÅepoÄet v pÅirozené posloupnostiâ), a
použità "
+"exkluzivnÃho souÄtu na modifikaci obsahu bitmapy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Focusing on these examples can lead some people to ignore the rest of the "
+"problem. They are attracted to the position that the patent system is "
+"basically correct and needs only “reforms” to carry out its own "
+"rules properly."
+msgstr ""
+"Lidé se Äasto zamÄÅà na tyto problémy a ignorujà pak zbytek. Stavà se
do "
+"pozice, že patentový systém je v základÄ správný a potÅebuje pouze
â"
+"reformyâ, aby ÅádnÄ respektoval svá vlastnà pravidla."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But would correct implementation really solve the problem of software "
+"patents? Let's consider an example."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale vyÅeÅ¡ila by korektnà implementace opravdu problém softwarových
patentů? "
+"VezmÄme jeden pÅÃklad."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the early 90s we desperately needed a new free program for compression, "
+"because the old de-facto standard “compress” program had been "
+"taken away from us by patents. In April 1991, software developer Ross "
+"Williams began publishing a series of data compression programs using new "
+"algorithms of his own devising. Their superior speed and compression "
+"quality soon attracted users."
+msgstr ""
+"Na poÄátku 90. let jsme zoufale potÅebovali nový svobodný program na "
+"kompresi dat, protože starý, de fakto standardnÃ, program âcompressâ
nám "
+"vzaly patenty. V dubnu 1991 zaÄal softwarový vývojáŠRoss Williams "
+"publikovat sérii programů pro kompresi dat použÃvajÃcà jÃm navržené
nové "
+"algoritmy. Jejich vyÅ¡Å¡Ã rychlost a kvalita komprese brzy pÅilákaly
uživatele."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That September, when the FSF was about a week away from releasing one of "
+"them as the new choice for compressing our distribution files, use of these "
+"programs in the United States was halted by a newly issued patent, number "
+"5,049,881."
+msgstr ""
+"V záÅÃ, kdy byla FSF (Nadace pro Svobodný software) asi týden pÅed "
+"vypuÅ¡tÄnÃm jednoho z nich jako nové možnosti jak komprimovat naÅ¡e "
+"distribuÄnà soubory, bylo použità tÄchto programů ve Spojených
Státech "
+"zastaveno novÄ vydaným patentem ÄÃslo 5 049 881."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Under the patent system's rules, whether the public is allowed to use these "
+"programs (i.e., whether the patent is invalid) depends on whether there is "
+"“prior art”: whether the basic idea was published before the "
+"patent application, which was on June 18, 1990. Williams' publication in "
+"April 1991 came after that date, so it does not count."
+msgstr ""
+"Podle pravidel patentového systému platÃ, že jestli je veÅejnosti
povoleno "
+"tyto programy použÃvat (napÅ. je-li patent neplatný) závisà na tom,
je-li "
+"zde âdÅÃvÄjÅ¡Ã použitÃâ (prior art): byla-li základnà myÅ¡lenka
publikována "
+"již pÅed zažádánÃm o patent, to znamená pÅed 18. Äervnem 1990.
Williamsova "
+"publikace pÅiÅ¡la až v dubnu 1991, tudÞ po tomto datu, takže se
nepoÄÃtá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A student described a similar algorithm in 1988-1989 in a class paper at the "
+"University of San Francisco, but the paper was not published. So it does "
+"not count as prior art under the current rules."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeden student popsal podobný algoritmus v letech 1988-1989 v jednom svém "
+"Å¡kolnÃm dokumentu na san franciské univerzitÄ, ale nikdy ho veÅejnÄ "
+"nepublikoval. Dle souÄasných pravidel se tedy toto nepoÄÃtá jako
dÅÃvÄjÅ¡Ã "
+"použitÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Reforms to make the patent system work “properly” would not have "
+"prevented this problem. Under the rules of the patent system, this patent "
+"seems valid. There was no prior art for it. It is not close to obvious, as "
+"the patent system interprets the term. (Like most patents, it is neither "
+"worldshaking nor trivial, but somewhere in between.) The fault is in the "
+"rules themselves, not their execution."
+msgstr ""
+"Reformy pro správnou funkci patentového systému by tomuto problému "
+"nezabránily. Dle pravidel patentového systému je tento patent platný.
Nebylo "
+"zde jeho dÅÃvÄjÅ¡Ã použitÃ. Tato technika nenà ani zÅejmá, dle
mÄÅÃtek jak "
+"patentový systém termÃn âzÅejmýâ interpretuje. (Jako vÄtÅ¡ina
patentů to "
+"nenà ani závratný pÅevrat ani nÄco samozÅejmého, ale nÄco mezi tÃm.)
Chyba "
+"je v pravidlech samotných, ne v jejich uplatnÄnÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the US legal system, patents are intended as a bargain between society "
+"and individuals; society is supposed to gain through the disclosure of "
+"techniques that would otherwise never be available. It is clear that "
+"society has gained nothing by issuing patent number 5,049,881. This "
+"technique was going to be available anyway. It was easy enough to find that "
+"several people did so at around the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"V právnÃm systému USA jsou patenty zamýšleny jako výhodná dohoda mezi "
+"spoleÄnostà a jednotlivci; u spoleÄnosti se pÅedpokládá užitek z
pÅÃstupu k "
+"technikám, které by jinak nebyly nikdy dostupné. Je jasné, že
spoleÄnost "
+"nemá žádný užitek z patentu ÄÃslo 5 049 881. Tato technika by byla
dostupná "
+"i tak. Dokonce bylo dost jednoduché zjistit i to, že se technikou zabývalo
"
+"nÄkolik lidà asi tak ve stejném Äase."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Under current rules, our ability to use Williams's programs depends on "
+"whether anyone happened to publish the same idea before June 18, 1990. That "
+"is to say, it depends on luck. This system is good for promoting the "
+"practice of law, but not progress in software."
+msgstr ""
+"Dle souÄasných pravidel závisà to, zda můžeme použÃvat Williamsovy
programy "
+"na tom, zda nÄkdo publikoval stejnou myÅ¡lenku již pÅed 18. Äervnem 1990.
Což "
+"znamená, že to závisà na Å¡tÄstÃ. Tento systém je dobrý k podpoÅe
zákona, ale "
+"ne pro rozvoj software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Teaching the Patent Office to look at more of the existing prior art might "
+"prevent some outrageous mistakes. It will not cure the greater problem, "
+"which is the patenting of every <em>new</em> wrinkle in the use of "
+"computers, like the one that Williams and others independently developed."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud nauÄÃme Patentový úÅad, aby lépe hledal pÅedeÅ¡lá použitÃ,
může "
+"pÅedejÃt nÄkterým hrubým chybám. NevyÅeÅ¡Ã to vÅ¡ak hlavnà problém,
kterým je "
+"patentovánà každé <em>nové</em> poÄÃtaÄové metody, kterou ti jako
Williams a "
+"ostatnà vyvinuli nezávisle na sobÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This will turn software into a quagmire. Even an innovative program "
+"typically uses dozens of not-quite-new techniques and features, each of "
+"which might have been patented. Our ability to use each wrinkle will depend "
+"on luck, and if we are unlucky half the time, few programs will escape "
+"infringing a large number of patents. Navigating the maze of patents will "
+"be harder than writing software. As <cite>The Economist</cite> says, "
+"software patents are simply bad for business."
+msgstr ""
+"To promÄnà software v bažinu. Dokonce i inovativnà program bÄžnÄ
použÃvá "
+"tucty nepÅÃliÅ¡ nových technik a vlastnostÃ, z nichž každá může být
"
+"patentovaná. NaÅ¡e schopnost použÃt takové metody bude záviset na
Å¡tÄstà a "
+"pokud v polovninÄ pÅÃpadů nebudeme mÃt Å¡tÄstÃ, málokteré programy
nebudou "
+"porušovat velkého množstvà patentů. Navigace v bludišti patentů bude
tÄžšà "
+"než psanà softwaru. Jak napsal <cite>The Economist</cite>, softwarové "
+"patenty jsou pro obchod jednoduše špatné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "What you can do to help"
+msgstr "Co můžete udÄlat, abyste pomohli"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-In addition, there-]{+There+} is [-currently an-] {+a massive+} effort
+# | in Europe to stop software patents. Please support <a
+# | href=\"http://stopsoftwarepatents.eu/\";>this petition</a> for a Europe
+# | free of software [-patents.-] {+patents, and see <a
+# | href=\"http://www.ffii.org\";> the FFII web site</a> for full details of
+# | how you can help.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In addition, there is currently an effort in Europe to stop software "
+#| "patents. Please support <a href=\"http://stopsoftwarepatents.eu/\";>this "
+#| "petition</a> for a Europe free of software patents."
+msgid ""
+"There is a massive effort in Europe to stop software patents. Please "
+"support <a href=\"http://stopsoftwarepatents.eu/\";>this petition</a> for a "
+"Europe free of software patents, and see <a href=\"http://www.ffii.org\";> "
+"the FFII web site</a> for full details of how you can help."
+msgstr ""
+"NavÃc je zde také evropská iniciativa pro zavrženà softwarových
patentů. "
+"PodpoÅte prosÃm <a href=\"http://stopsoftwarepatents.eu/\";>tuto petici</a> "
+"pro Evropu bez softwarových patentů."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"autora-Nezpracovávejte 3.0 Spojené státy americké License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If you'd like to do something, you can help the <a href=\"http://www.";
+#~ "programming-freedom.org/\">League for Programming Freedom</a>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Pokud byste nÄco rádi udÄlali, můžete pomoci <a href=\"http://www.";
+#~ "programming-freedom.org/\">Lize pro svobodu programovánÃ</a>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You can <a href=\"/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html\">nominate Richard M. "
+#~ "Stallman to the US Patent and Trademark Office's Patent Public Advisory "
+#~ "Committee</a>. The deadline is 12 April 2001."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Můžete <a href=\"/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html\">nominovat Richarda M. "
+#~ "Stalmanna do VeÅejné poradnà komise amerického ÃÅadu pro patenty a "
+#~ "obchodnà znaÄky</a>. KoneÄný termÃn je 12. dubna 2001."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Finally, please help oppose software patents by <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#~ "amazon.html\">boycotting Amazon</a>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "A nakonec, pomozte prosÃm odporu vůÄi softwarovým patentům <a
href=\"/"
+#~ "philosophy/amazon.html\">bojkotem Amazonu</a>."
Index: philosophy/po/protecting.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/protecting.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/protecting.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/protecting.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# Czech translation of http://philosophy/protecting.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Saved from the web.
+# Eva Frantova, 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: protecting.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-08-18 16:26+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2007-02-15 14:44+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Non-Free and Free Software - GNU "
+"Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Pomozte chránit práva psát jak nesvobodný, tak svobodný software â
Projekt "
+"GNU â Nadace pro svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Nonfree and Free Software"
+msgstr "Pomozte chránit práva psát jak nesvobodný, tak svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"The League for Programming Freedom is inactive now and its website is "
+"archived. Please join our <a href=\"http://endsoftpatents.org\";>End "
+"Software Patents</a> campaign!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The right to write both nonfree and free software is threatened by <a href="
+"\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150329143651/http://progfree.org/Patents/";
+"patents.html\"> software patents</a> and by <a href=\"https://web.archive.";
+"org/web/20150329142315/http://progfree.org/Copyright/copyright.html\";> "
+"“look-and-feel” interface copyright lawsuits</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Právo psát jak nesvobodný, tak svobodný software, je ohroženo <a href="
+"\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150329143651/http://progfree.org/Patents/";
+"patents.html\">softwarovými patenty</a> a <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20150329142315/http://progfree.org/Copyright/copyright.html\";>copyrighty "
+"na uživatelsky pÅÃvÄtivá grafická rozhranÃ</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation fights these threats in many ways. These "
+"include support for and being a member of <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20150329224604/http://www.progfree.org/\";> League for Programming "
+"Freedom</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Nadace pro svobodný software bojuje proti tÄmto hrozbám mnoha způsoby. "
+"JednÃm z nich je i podpora a Älenstvà v <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20150329224604/http://www.progfree.org/\";>League for Programming "
+"Freedom</a> [Liga za svobodu programovánÃ]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The League is a grass-roots organization of professors, students, business "
+"people, programmers, users, and even software companies dedicated to "
+"bringing back the freedom to write programs. The League isn't opposed to "
+"the legal system that Congress intended—copyright on individual "
+"programs. The League aims to reverse recent changes made by judges in "
+"response to special interests."
+msgstr ""
+"Liga je organizacà profesorů, studentů, obchodnÃků, programátorů,
uživatelů, "
+"dokonce i softwarových firem, které chtÄjà návrat svobody psanÃ
programů. "
+"Liga se nestavà proti právnÃmu systému navrhovaného Kongresem â
copyrightu "
+"na jednotlivé programy. Liga si klade za cÃl zvrátit nÄkteré zmÄny,
které v "
+"podlednà dobÄ udÄlali v tomto systému soudci v odpovÄdi na zvláštnÃ
zájmy "
+"nÄkterých lidÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The FSF urges you to join us in fighting these [-threats.-] {+threats by
+# | <a
+# |
href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150329142830/http://progfree.org/Help/help.html\";>helping
+# | the League</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The FSF urges you to join us in fighting these threats."
+msgid ""
+"The FSF urges you to join us in fighting these threats by <a href=\"https://";
+"web.archive.org/web/20150329142830/http://progfree.org/Help/help.html";
+"\">helping the League</a>."
+msgstr "FSF Vás žádá, abyste se v boji proti tÄmto hrozbám pÅipojili k
nám."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>The League is not connected with the Free Software Foundation, and "
+"is not concerned with the issue of free software.</strong> The FSF supports "
+"the League because, like any software developer smaller than Microsoft, it "
+"is endangered by software patents, and interface copyrights. You are in "
+"danger, too! It would be easy to ignore the problem until you or your "
+"employer is sued, but it is more prudent to organize before that happens."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>Liga nenà spojená s Nadacà pro svobodný software a nezabývá se "
+"problémem svobodného software.</strong> FSF Ligu podporuje, neboÅ¥ stejnÄ "
+"jako každý vývojáŠsoftware menšà než Microsoft je ohrožena
softwarovými "
+"patenty a copyrighty na uživatelské rozhranÃ. I Vy jste v nebezpeÄÃ!
Bylo by "
+"snadné problém pÅehlÞet, dokud byste Vy nebo Váš šéf nebyli
zažalováni, ale "
+"je rozumnÄjÅ¡Ã se jÃm zabývat, než k tomu dojde."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2015 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"původ-Nezpracovávejte 4.0 Mezinárodnà License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,911 @@
+# Czech translation of http://philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: reevaluating-copyright.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-18 07:00+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2006-02-27 18:43+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"PÅehodnocenà copyrightu: veÅejnost musà zvÃtÄzit â Projekt GNU â
Nadace pro "
+"svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail"
+msgstr "PÅehodnocenà copyrightu: veÅejnost musà zvÃtÄzit"
+
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail\n"
+" [Published in Oregon Law Review, Spring 1996]\n"
+"\n"
+" Richard Stallman\n"
+msgstr ""
+" PÅehodnocenà copyrightu: veÅejnost musà zvÃtÄzit\n"
+" [Publikováno v Oregon Law Review (Oregonský právnÃ
pÅehled), jaro 1996]\n"
+"\n"
+" Richard Stallman\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The legal world is aware that digital information technology poses “"
+"problems for copyright,” but has not traced these problems to their "
+"root cause: a fundamental conflict between publishers of copyrighted works "
+"and the users of these works. The publishers, understanding their own "
+"interest, have set forth a proposal through the Clinton Administration to "
+"fix the “problems” by deciding the conflict in their favor. This "
+"proposal, the Lehman White Paper <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>, was the principal "
+"focus of the “Innovation and the Information Environment” "
+"conference at the University of Oregon (November 1995)."
+msgstr ""
+"Právnà svÄt se bojÃ, že digitálnà informaÄnà technologie
pÅinášejà âproblémy "
+"pro copyright,â ale již nesledoval tyto problémy k jejich hlavnÃ
pÅÃÄinÄ: "
+"základnà konflikt mezi vydavateli copyrightovaných dÄl a uživateli
tÄchto "
+"dÄl. Vydavatelé, hledÃc si vlastnÃch zájmů, protlaÄili skrz Clintonovu
vládu "
+"návrh na vyÅeÅ¡enà âproblémuâ v jejich vlastnà prospÄch. Tento
návrh, "
+"Lehmanův White Paper <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>, byl hlavnÃm zamÄÅenÃm "
+"konference âInovace a informaÄnà prostÅedà (Innovation and the
Information "
+"Environment Conference)â na Oregonské univerzitÄ (listopad 1995)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"John Perry Barlow <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>, the keynote speaker, began the "
+"conference by telling us how the Greatful Dead recognized and dealt with "
+"this conflict. They decided it would be wrong to interfere with copying of "
+"their performances on tapes, or with distribution on the Internet, but saw "
+"nothing wrong in enforcing copyright for CD recordings of their music."
+msgstr ""
+"John Perry Barlow <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>, hlavnà ÅeÄnÃk, zaÄal
konferenci "
+"tÃm, že nám sdÄlil, jak Greatful Dead tento konfliky poznali a zabývali
se "
+"jÃm. Rozhodli se, že by bylo Å¡patné plést se do kopÃrovánà jejich
vystoupenà "
+"na páskách, nebo do distribuce na Internetu, ale nevidÄli nic Å¡patného
na "
+"uplatnÄnà copyrightu na CD s nahrávkami jejich hudby."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Barlow did not analyze the reasons for treating these media differently, and "
+"later Gary Glisson <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a> criticized Barlow's idea that "
+"the Internet is inexplicably unique and unlike anything else in the world. "
+"He argued that we should be able to determine the implications of the "
+"Internet for copyright policy by the same kind of analysis that we apply to "
+"other technologies. This paper attempts to do just that."
+msgstr ""
+"Barlow neanalyzoval důvody rozdÃlného zacházenà s tÄmito médii a Gary "
+"Glisson pozdÄji <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a> kritizoval jeho myÅ¡lenku, že "
+"Internet je nÄjak nevysvÄtlitelnÄ unikátnà a nepodobný niÄemu jinému
na "
+"svÄtÄ. Argumentoval tÃm, že bychom mÄli být schopnà urÄit důsledek
Internetu "
+"na copyrightovou politiku stejným druhem analýz, jaké aplikujeme na jiné "
+"technologie. Tento dokument se pokouÅ¡Ã právÄ toto provést."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Barlow suggested that our intuitions based on physical objects as property "
+"do not transfer to information as property because information is “"
+"abstract.” As Steven Winter <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a> remarked, "
+"abstract property has existed for centuries. Shares in a company, commodity "
+"futures, and even paper money, are forms of property that are more or less "
+"abstract. Barlow and others who argue that information should be free do "
+"not reject these other kinds of abstract property. Clearly, the crucial "
+"difference between information and acceptable kinds of property is not "
+"abstractness per se. So what is it? I propose a simple and practical "
+"explanation."
+msgstr ""
+"Barlow podotýkal, že naÅ¡e intuice založená na fyzických objektech nenÃ
"
+"pÅenositelná na informace, protože informace je âabstraktnÃâ, a
tudÞ na ni "
+"nemůžeme jednoznaÄnÄ aplikovat stejné âvlastnictvÃâ. Jak poznamenal
Steven "
+"Winter <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, abstraktnà majetek existoval po staletÃ. "
+"Akcie spoleÄnostÃ, komoditnà termÃnované obchody a dokonce i papÃrové "
+"penÃze, jsou formy majetku, který je vÃce Äi ménÄ abstraktnÃ. Barlow a
jinÃ, "
+"kteÅà argumentovali, že informace by mÄla být svobodná, ale neodmÃtali
tyto "
+"jiné druhy abstraktnÃho majetku. Podstatný rozdÃl mezi informacà a "
+"akceptovatelnými druhy majetku tedy nenà v abstraktnosti jako takové.
Takže "
+"co je to? PÅedložÃm vám tu jednoduché a praktické vysvÄtlenÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"United States copyright law considers copyright a bargain between the public "
+"and “authors” (although in practice, usually publishers take "
+"over the authors' part of the bargain). The public trades certain freedoms "
+"in exchange for more published works to enjoy. Until the White Paper, our "
+"government had never proposed that the public should trade <b>all</b> of its "
+"freedom to use published works. Copyright involves giving up specific "
+"freedoms and retaining others. This means that there are many alternative "
+"bargains that the public could offer to publishers. So which bargain is the "
+"best one for the public? Which freedoms are worth while for the public to "
+"trade, and for what length of time? The answers depend on two things: how "
+"much additional publication the public will get for trading a given freedom, "
+"and how much the public benefits from keeping that freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Zákon ve Spojených státech bere copyright jako dohodu mezi veÅejnostà a "
+"âautoryâ (aÄkoliv v praxi stojà v dohodÄ na stranÄ autorů obvykle "
+"vydavatelé). VeÅejnost vÄtÅ¡inou smÄnà urÄité svobody výmÄnou za
možnost "
+"vychutnat si vÄtÅ¡Ã množstvà publikovaných dÄl. Dokud neexistoval White
"
+"Paper, naÅ¡e vláda nikdy nenavrhovala, aby veÅejnost mudela smÄnit "
+"<b>vÅ¡echny</b> své svobody za použità publikovaných dÄl. Copyrightem se
"
+"můžete vzdát urÄitých svobod a ponechat si jiné. To znamená, že
existuje "
+"mnoho alternativnÃch dohod, které by mÄla veÅejnost nabÃdnout
vydavatelům. "
+"Která dohoda je tedy ta nejlepÅ¡Ã pro veÅejnost? Jaké svobody stojà "
+"veÅejnosti za to smÄnit a na jak dlouho? OdpovÄdi záležà na dvou
vÄcech: "
+"kolik publikovánà navÃc dostane veÅejnost za smÄnu daných svobod a jak
moc "
+"veÅejnost zÃská, pokud si tyto svobody ponechá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This shows why making [-intellectual-] {+<a
+# | href=\"#later-1\">intellectual+} property [-decisions-] {+decisions</a>+}
+# | by analogy to physical object property, or even to older intellectual
+# | property policies, is a mistake. Winter argued persuasively that it is
+# | possible to make such analogies, to stretch our old concepts and apply
+# | them to new decisions <a href= \"#ft6\">[6]</a>. Surely this will reach
+# | some answer—but not a good answer. Analogy is not a useful way of
+# | deciding what to buy or at what price.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This shows why making intellectual property decisions by analogy to "
+#| "physical object property, or even to older intellectual property "
+#| "policies, is a mistake. Winter argued persuasively that it is possible "
+#| "to make such analogies, to stretch our old concepts and apply them to new "
+#| "decisions <a href= \"#ft6\">[6]</a>. Surely this will reach some "
+#| "answer—but not a good answer. Analogy is not a useful way of "
+#| "deciding what to buy or at what price."
+msgid ""
+"This shows why making <a href=\"#later-1\">intellectual property decisions</"
+"a> by analogy to physical object property, or even to older intellectual "
+"property policies, is a mistake. Winter argued persuasively that it is "
+"possible to make such analogies, to stretch our old concepts and apply them "
+"to new decisions <a href= \"#ft6\">[6]</a>. Surely this will reach some "
+"answer—but not a good answer. Analogy is not a useful way of deciding "
+"what to buy or at what price."
+msgstr ""
+"Toto ukazuje, proÄ je zakládánà rozhodnutà o <a
href=\"philosophy/not-ipr."
+"html\">intelektuálnÃm vlastnictvÃ</a> na podobnosti s vlastnictvÃm
hmotných "
+"objektů, nebo dÅÃvÄjÅ¡Ã politikou intelektuálnÃho vlastnictvÃ
chybné. Winter "
+"pÅesvÄdÄivÄ argumentoval, že je možné vzÃt jako základ takové
analogie, "
+"pÅekroutit naÅ¡e staré koncepty a aplikovat je na naÅ¡e nová rozhodnutÃ
<a "
+"href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>. Zajisté se tÃm dosáhne nÄjakého ÅeÅ¡enÃ, ale ne
"
+"dobrého ÅeÅ¡enÃ. Analogie nenà užiteÄný způsob pro rozhodovánà o
tom, co "
+"koupit nebo za jakou cenu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, we do not decide whether to build a highway in New York City by "
+"analogy with a previous decision about a proposed highway in Iowa. In each "
+"highway construction decision, the same factors apply (cost, amount of "
+"traffic, taking of land or houses); if we made highway decisions by analogy "
+"to previous highway decisions, we would either build every proposed highway "
+"or none of them. Instead we judge each proposed highway based on the pros "
+"and cons, whose magnitudes vary from case to case. In copyright issues, too, "
+"we must weigh the cost and benefits for today's situation and today's media, "
+"not as they have applied to other media in the past."
+msgstr ""
+"Nerozhodujeme napÅÃklad zda postavit dálnici v New Yorku pomocà analogie
s "
+"pÅedchozÃm rozhodnutÃm o plánované dálnici v IowÄ. V každém
rozhodnutà o "
+"stavbÄ dálnice se pužÃvajà stejné faktory (náklady, objem dopravy,
zabránà "
+"půdy Äi domů); pokud bychom rozhodovali o dálnici pomocà analogie s "
+"pÅedeÅ¡lým rozhodnutÃm o dálnici, postavili bychom buÄ vÅ¡echny
navrhované "
+"dálnice, a nebo žádnou z nich. MÃsto toho posuzujeme každý návrh
dálnice na "
+"základÄ pÅÃnosů a ztrát, jejichž velikost se liÅ¡Ã pÅÃpad od
pÅÃpadu. V "
+"otázce copyrightu musÃme rovnÄž zvážit náklady a pÅÃnosy pro
dnešnà situaci "
+"a dnešnà média, a ne podle toho, jak se aplikovaly na jiná média v
minulosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This also shows why Laurence Tribe's principle, that rights concerning "
+"speech should not depend on the choice of medium<a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, is "
+"not applicable to copyright decisions. Copyright is a bargain with the "
+"public, not a natural right. Copyright policy issues are about which "
+"bargains benefit the public, not about what rights publishers or readers are "
+"entitled to."
+msgstr ""
+"Také to ukazuje, proÄ princip Laurence Tribea, že jazyk týkajÃcà se
práva by "
+"nemÄl záviset na zvoleném médiu<a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, nenÃ
aplikovatelný "
+"na rozhodnutà o copyrightu. Copyright je dohoda s veÅejnostÃ, ne
pÅirozené "
+"právo. Otázky copyrightové politiky jsou o tom, co pÅinášÃ
veÅejnosti, ne o "
+"tom, jaká práva jsou pÅisuzována nakladatelům nebo ÄtenáÅům."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The copyright system developed along with the printing press. In the age of "
+"the printing press, it was unfeasible for an ordinary reader to copy a book. "
+"Copying a book required a printing press, and ordinary readers did not have "
+"one. What's more, copying in this way was absurdly expensive unless many "
+"copies were made—which means, in effect, that only a publisher could "
+"copy a book economically."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyrightový systém se vyvinul soubÄžnÄ s tiskaÅským lisem. V Äasech "
+"tiskaÅského lisu nemÄli bÄžnà ÄtenáÅi možnost zkopÃrovat knihu.
KopÃrovánà "
+"knihy vyžadovalo tiskaÅský lis, a bÄžnà ÄtenáÅi jej nemÄli. A co
vÃc, pokud "
+"by se nedÄlalo mnoho kopiÃ, bylo by kopÃrovánà tÃmto způsobem
absurdnÄ drahé "
+"â což prakticky znamená, že knihy mohli kopÃrovat v nÄjakém
ekonomicky "
+"rozumném modelu jen vydavatelé."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So when the public traded to publishers the freedom to copy books, they were "
+"selling something which they <b>could not use</b>. Trading something you "
+"cannot use for something useful and helpful is always good deal. Therefore, "
+"copyright was uncontroversial in the age of the printing press, precisely "
+"because it did not restrict anything the reading public might commonly do."
+msgstr ""
+"Takže když veÅejnost prodala vydavatelům svobodu kopÃrovat knihy,
prodávala "
+"nÄco, co by <b>nemohla využÃt</b>. SmÄna nÄÄeho, co nemůžete
použÃt, za nÄco "
+"užiteÄného a prospÄÅ¡ného je vždy dobrý obchod. V Äasech
tiskaÅského lisu byl "
+"copyright nekontroverznà pÅedevÅ¡Ãm proto, že neomezoval nic, co by
ÄtenáÅská "
+"veÅejnost jinak mohla bÄžnÄ dÄlat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But the age of the printing press is gradually ending. The xerox machine and "
+"the audio and video tape began the change; digital information technology "
+"brings it to fruition. These advances make it possible for ordinary people, "
+"not just publishers with specialized equipment, to copy. And they do!"
+msgstr ""
+"Ale vÄk tiskaÅského lisu se chýlà ke konci. ZmÄnu zapoÄaly xeroxovacÃ
"
+"zaÅÃzenÃ, audio a video kazety; digitálnà informaÄnà technologie ji "
+"dokonÄily. Tyto pokroky umožÅujà kopÃrovánà i bÄžným ÄtenáÅům,
ne jen "
+"vydavatelům se speciálnÃm vybavenÃm. A ÄtenáÅi si opravdu sami
kopÃrujÃ!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Once copying is a useful and practical activity for ordinary people, they "
+"are no longer so willing to give up the freedom to do it. They want to keep "
+"this freedom and exercise it instead of trading it away. The copyright "
+"bargain that we have is no longer a good deal for the public, and it is time "
+"to revise it—time for the law to recognize the public benefit that "
+"comes from making and sharing copies."
+msgstr ""
+"Jak se jednou pro obyÄejné lidi stane kopÃrovánà užiteÄná a
praktická "
+"aktivita, nepÅejà si již vzdát se té svobody. ChtÄjà si tuto svobodu
nechat, "
+"mÃsto aby ji prodali. Copyrightová dohoda, tak jak ji známe, již nenÃ
pro "
+"veÅejnost dobrým obchodem, a je Äas ji zrevidovat â pÅiÅ¡el Äas, kdy
by mÄl "
+"zaÄÃt zákon brát v úvahu veÅejný pÅÃnos z výroby a sdÃlenÃ
kopiÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With this analysis, we see why rejection of the old copyright bargain is not "
+"based on supposing that the Internet is ineffably unique. The Internet is "
+"relevant because it facilitates copying and sharing of writings by ordinary "
+"readers. The easier it is to copy and share, the more useful it becomes, and "
+"the more copyright as it stands now becomes a bad deal."
+msgstr ""
+"Na této analýze vidÃme, proÄ nenà odmÃtnutà staré copyrightové
dohody "
+"založeno na pÅedpokladu, že Internet je nevýslovnÄ unikátnÃ. Internet
je "
+"důležitý, protože zprostÅedkuje kopÃrovánà a sdÃlenà dÄl
bÄžnými ÄtenáÅi. "
+"ÄÃm jednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã je kopÃrovánà a sdÃlenÃ, tÃm vÃce se stává
užiteÄnÄjÅ¡Ãm, a "
+"tÃm vÃce se copyright, tak jak ho známe, stává Å¡patným obchodem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This analysis also explains why it makes sense for the Grateful Dead to
+# | insist on copyright for CD manufacturing but not for individual copying.
+# | CD production works like the printing press; it is not feasible today for
+# | ordinary people, even computer owners, to copy a CD into another CD. Thus,
+# | copyright for publishing CDs of music remains painless for music
+# | listeners, just as all copyright was painless in the age of the printing
+# | press. To restrict copying the same music onto a digital audio tape does
+# | hurt the listeners, however, and they are entitled to reject this
+# | restriction. (1999 note: the practical situation for CDs has changed, in
+# | that many ordinary computer users can now copy CDs. This means that we
+# | should now consider CDs more like [-tapes.)-] {+tapes. 2007
+# | clarification: notwithstanding the improvement in CD technology, it still
+# | makes sense to apply copyright to commercial distribution while letting
+# | individuals copy freely.)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This analysis also explains why it makes sense for the Grateful Dead to "
+#| "insist on copyright for CD manufacturing but not for individual copying. "
+#| "CD production works like the printing press; it is not feasible today for "
+#| "ordinary people, even computer owners, to copy a CD into another CD. "
+#| "Thus, copyright for publishing CDs of music remains painless for music "
+#| "listeners, just as all copyright was painless in the age of the printing "
+#| "press. To restrict copying the same music onto a digital audio tape does "
+#| "hurt the listeners, however, and they are entitled to reject this "
+#| "restriction. (1999 note: the practical situation for CDs has changed, in "
+#| "that many ordinary computer users can now copy CDs. This means that we "
+#| "should now consider CDs more like tapes.)"
+msgid ""
+"This analysis also explains why it makes sense for the Grateful Dead to "
+"insist on copyright for CD manufacturing but not for individual copying. CD "
+"production works like the printing press; it is not feasible today for "
+"ordinary people, even computer owners, to copy a CD into another CD. Thus, "
+"copyright for publishing CDs of music remains painless for music listeners, "
+"just as all copyright was painless in the age of the printing press. To "
+"restrict copying the same music onto a digital audio tape does hurt the "
+"listeners, however, and they are entitled to reject this restriction. (1999 "
+"note: the practical situation for CDs has changed, in that many ordinary "
+"computer users can now copy CDs. This means that we should now consider CDs "
+"more like tapes. 2007 clarification: notwithstanding the improvement in CD "
+"technology, it still makes sense to apply copyright to commercial "
+"distribution while letting individuals copy freely.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Tato analýza také vysvÄtluje, proÄ má pro Grateful Dead význam trvat na
"
+"copyrightu u výroby CD, ale ne u individuálnÃho kopÃrovánÃ. Produkce CD
"
+"funguje podobnÄ jako tiskaÅský lis; pro bÄžné lidi, dokonce ani pro
majitele "
+"poÄÃtaÄů, nenà možné zkopÃrovat CD na jiné CD. TudÞ zůstává
copyrihgt na "
+"vydávánà hudebnÃch CD pro hudebnà posluchaÄe bezbolestný, tak jako byl
"
+"bezbolestný veÅ¡kerý copyright v Äasech tiskaÅského lisu. AvÅ¡ak
omezenà "
+"kopÃrovánà stejné hudby na digitálnà audio pásky poÅ¡kozuje
posluchaÄe, a ti "
+"majà právo toto omezenà odmÃtnout. (pozn. z r. 1999: situace pro CD se "
+"zmÄnila, mnoho bÄžných uživatelů poÄÃtaÄů na nich může nynÃ
kopÃrovat CD. To "
+"znamená, že bychom mÄli nynà uvažovat o CD spÃÅ¡e jako o kazetách.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | We can also see why the abstractness of [-intellectual property-] {+<a
+# | href=\"#later-1\">intellectual property</a>+} is not the crucial factor.
+# | Other forms of abstract property represent shares of something. Copying
+# | any kind of share is intrinsically a zero-sum activity; the person who
+# | copies benefits only by taking wealth away from everyone else. Copying a
+# | dollar bill in a color copier is effectively equivalent to shaving a small
+# | fraction off of every other dollar and adding these fractions together to
+# | make one dollar. Naturally, we consider this wrong.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We can also see why the abstractness of intellectual property is not the "
+#| "crucial factor. Other forms of abstract property represent shares of "
+#| "something. Copying any kind of share is intrinsically a zero-sum "
+#| "activity; the person who copies benefits only by taking wealth away from "
+#| "everyone else. Copying a dollar bill in a color copier is effectively "
+#| "equivalent to shaving a small fraction off of every other dollar and "
+#| "adding these fractions together to make one dollar. Naturally, we "
+#| "consider this wrong."
+msgid ""
+"We can also see why the abstractness of <a href=\"#later-1\">intellectual "
+"property</a> is not the crucial factor. Other forms of abstract property "
+"represent shares of something. Copying any kind of share is intrinsically a "
+"zero-sum activity; the person who copies benefits only by taking wealth away "
+"from everyone else. Copying a dollar bill in a color copier is effectively "
+"equivalent to shaving a small fraction off of every other dollar and adding "
+"these fractions together to make one dollar. Naturally, we consider this "
+"wrong."
+msgstr ""
+"VidÃme také, proÄ nenà abstraktivita intelektuálnÃho vlastnictvÃ
kritickým "
+"faktorem. Jiné formy abstraktnÃho vlastnictvà jsou reprezentovány
sdÃlenÃm "
+"nÄjaké vÄci. KopÃrovánà jakéhokoliv druhu sdÃlené vÄci je vlastnÄ
aktivita s "
+"nulovým výsledkem. Osoba, která kopÃruje, zÃskává pouze odebránÃm
bohatstvà "
+"vÅ¡em ostatnÃm. ZkopÃrovánà dolarové bankovky na barevné kopÃrce je
úÄinkem "
+"ekvivalentvà oÅezánà vÅ¡ech ostatnÃch dolarů o malý kousek a spojenÃ
tÄchto "
+"kousků tak, aby daly jeden dolar. PÅirozenÄ to bereme jako Å¡patné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, copying useful, enlightening or entertaining information for a "
+"friend makes the world happier and better off; it benefits the friend, and "
+"inherently hurts no one. It is a constructive activity that strengthens "
+"social bonds."
+msgstr ""
+"Oproti tomu, zkopÃrovánà užiteÄné, pouÄné, Äi zábavné informace,
pro "
+"pÅátele, dÄlá svÄt Å¡Å¥astnÄjÅ¡Ãm a bohatÅ¡Ãm; pÅátelům to
pÅispÄje a vlastnÄ "
+"nikomu to neublÞÃ. Je to konstruktivnà aktivita, která posiluje
sociálnà "
+"vazby."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some readers may question this statement because they know publishers claim "
+"that illegal copying causes them “loss.” This claim is mostly "
+"inaccurate and partly misleading. More importantly, it is begging the "
+"question."
+msgstr ""
+"NÄkteÅà ÄtenáÅi mohou o tomto odstavci pochybovat, protože vÄdÃ, že
"
+"vydavatelé tvrdÃ, že ilegálnà kopÃrovánà jim způsobuje
âztrátyâ. Toto "
+"tvrzenà je pÅedevÅ¡Ãm nepÅesné, ÄásteÄnÄ i zavádÄjÃci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The claim is mostly inaccurate because it presupposes that the friend would "
+"otherwise have bought a copy from the publisher. That is occasionally true, "
+"but more often false; and when it is false, the claimed loss does not occur."
+msgstr ""
+"Tvrzenà je nepÅesné pÅedevÅ¡Ãm proto, protože pÅedpokládá, že
kamarád by si "
+"jinak koupil kopii od vydavatele. To je vzácnÄ i pravda, ale ÄastÄji je
to "
+"nesprávné; a když to nenà pravda, pak se proklamovaná ztráta
nedostavÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The claim is partly misleading because the word “loss” suggests "
+"events of a very different nature—events in which something they have "
+"is taken away from them. For example, if the bookstore's stock of books were "
+"burned, or if the money in the register got torn up, that would really be a "
+"“loss.” We generally agree it is wrong to do these things to "
+"other people."
+msgstr ""
+"Tvrzenà je ÄásteÄnÄ zavádÄjÃcÃ, protože slovo âztrátaâ
naznaÄuje pÅÃpady s "
+"velmi odliÅ¡nou podstatou â pÅÃpady, ve kterých je jim odebráno nÄco,
co "
+"majÃ. Jestliže, napÅÃklad, zásoba knÞek v knihkupectvà shoÅÃ, nebo
jestli "
+"dojde ke ztátÄ penÄz z pokladny, pak by to opravdu byla âztráta.â
VÅ¡ichni "
+"souhlasÃme, že dÄlat takové vÄci jiným lidem je Å¡patné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But when your friend avoids the need to buy a copy of a book, the bookstore "
+"and the publisher do not lose anything they had. A more fitting description "
+"would be that the bookstore and publisher get less income than they might "
+"have got. The same consequence can result if your friend decides to play "
+"bridge instead of reading a book. In a free market system, no business is "
+"entitled to cry “foul” just because a potential customer chooses "
+"not to deal with them."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale když se kamarád oprostà od potÅeby koupit si kopii knihy, tak "
+"knihkupectvà a vydavatel neztrácejà nic, co by mÄli. VýstižnÄjÅ¡Ã
popis by "
+"byl, že knihkupectvà a vydavatel budou mÃt menÅ¡Ã pÅÃjem, než by mohli
mÃt. "
+"Stejný důsledek by mÄlo, kdyby se váš kamarád rozhodl mÃsto ÄtenÃ
knihy hrát "
+"bridž. V systému volného trhu nemá žádný obchod oprávo breÄet nad "
+"ânepoctivostÃâ jen proto, že si potencionálnà zákaznÃk vybral s
nimi "
+"neobchodovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The claim is begging the question because the idea of “loss” is "
+"based on the assumption that the publisher “should have” got "
+"paid. That is based on the assumption that copyright exists and prohibits "
+"individual copying. But that is just the issue at hand: what should "
+"copyright cover? If the public decides it can share copies, then the "
+"publisher is not entitled to expect to be paid for each copy, and so cannot "
+"claim there is a “loss” when it is not."
+msgstr ""
+"Tvrzenà zkresluje otázku, protože myÅ¡lenka âztrátyâ je založena na "
+"pÅedpokladu, že vydavatel âby mÄl dostatâ zaplaceno. To je založeno
na "
+"pÅedpokladu, že copyright existuje a zakazuje individuálnà kopÃrovánÃ.
Ale "
+"vyvstává otázka: co by mÄl copyright pokrývat? Rozhodne-li se
veÅejnost, že "
+"může sdÃlet kopie, pak vydavatel nenà oprávnÄn k tomu, aby oÄekával "
+"zaplacenà za každou kopii a tudÞ nemůže tvrdit, že je zde
âztrátaâ, když "
+"nenÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In other words, the “loss” comes from the copyright system; it "
+"is not an inherent part of copying. Copying in itself hurts no one."
+msgstr ""
+" Jinými slovy, pÅemýšlenà o âztrátÄâ vycházà z copyrightového
systému; nenà "
+"to neodmyslitelná Äást kopÃrovánÃ. KopÃrovánà samo o sobÄ
nepoškozuje nikoho."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The most widely opposed provision of the White Paper is the system of "
+"collective responsibility, whereby a computer owner is required to monitor "
+"and control the activities of all users, on pain of being punished for "
+"actions in which he was not a participant but merely failed to actively "
+"prevent. Tim Sloan <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a> pointed out that this gives "
+"copyright owners a privileged status not accorded to anyone else who might "
+"claim to be damaged by a computer user; for example, no one proposes to "
+"punish the computer owner if he fails actively to prevent a user from "
+"defaming someone. It is natural for a government to turn to collective "
+"responsibility for enforcing a law that many citizens do not believe in "
+"obeying. The more digital technology helps citizens share information, the "
+"more the government will need draconian methods to enforce copyright against "
+"ordinary citizens."
+msgstr ""
+"NejvÃce diskutované opatÅenà tohoto White Paperu je systém kolektivnà "
+"odpovÄdnosti, kde je po vlastnÃku poÄÃtaÄe vyžadováno, aby monitoroval
a "
+"kontroloval aktivity všech uživatelů pod možnostà trestu za akce, na
kterých "
+"se nepodÃlel, ale pouze selhal pÅi aktivnà prevenci. Tim Sloan <a href="
+"\"#ft8\">[8]</a> poukázal na fakt, že to dává vlastnÃkům copyrightu "
+"privilegovaný status nepÅÃsluÅ¡Ãcà nikomu jinému, kdo může tvrdit,
že je "
+"poÅ¡kozen poÄÃtaÄovým uživatelem; napÅÃklad nikdo nemůže navrhnout
ztrestat "
+"vlastnÃka poÄÃtaÄe, pokud aktivnÄ nezabránà uživateli nÄkoho
zhanobit. Pro "
+"vládu je pÅirozené obrátit se na kolektivnà odpovÄdnost kvůli
posÃlenà "
+"zákona, o nÄmž si mnoho obÄanů myslÃ, že se mu nemusà podrobovat.
ÄÃm vÃce "
+"bude digitálnà technologie pomáhat obÄanům sdÃlet informace, tÃm vÃce
bude "
+"vláda potÅebovat drakonické metody na posÃlenà copyrightu proti
bÄžným "
+"obÄanům. [V Äeské republice je situace ponÄkud jiná a za poruÅ¡enÃ
autorského "
+"zákona může být zodpovÄdná jen a pouze fyzická osoba, která ten akt "
+"provedla. TudÞ Äeský právnà systém nic jako âkolektivnÃ
odpovÄdnostâ "
+"nepÅipouÅ¡tÃ. PoruÅ¡enà autorského zákona nemůže tedy provést ani
tÅeba firma, "
+"vždy se jedná o konkrétnÃho ÄlovÄka, který kopÃrovacà zaÅÃzenÃ
obsluhoval. "
+"(samozÅejmÄ Å¾e je možná spoluúÄast, navádÄnà k trestnému Äinu
apod.) â pozn. "
+"korek.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When the United States Constitution was drafted, the idea that authors were "
+"entitled to a copyright monopoly was proposed—and rejected <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>. Instead, the founders of our country adopted a different "
+"idea of copyright, one which places the public first <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a>. Copyright in the United States is supposed to exist for the sake of "
+"users; benefits for publishers and even for authors are not given for the "
+"sake of those parties, but only as an inducement to change their behavior. "
+"As the Supreme Court said in Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal: “The sole "
+"interest of the United States and the primary object in conferring the "
+"[copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by the public from "
+"the labors of authors.” <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Když byla navrhována ústava Spojených Států, byla navrženo, aby byli
autoÅi "
+"oprávnÄni ke copyrightovému monopolu. Byla ovÅ¡em odmÃtnuta <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>. MÃsto toho zakladatelé naÅ¡Ã zemÄ pÅijali odliÅ¡né
pojetà "
+"copyrightu, která postavila na prvnà mÃsto veÅejnost <a
href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a>. O copyrightu ve Spojených Státech se pÅedpokládá, že existuje
kvůli "
+"prospÄchu uživatelů; pÅÃnosy pro vydavatele, a ani pro autory, nejsou
dány "
+"jako důvod, ale pouze jako stimul ke zmÄnÄ jejich chovánÃ. Jak vynesl
Vrchnà "
+"soud v pÅÃpadu Fox Film Corp. versus Doyal: âJediný zájem Spojených
Států a "
+"primárnà cÃl udÄlovánà [copyrightového] monopolu ležà v obecných
pÅÃnosech, "
+"z práce autorů, pro veÅejnost.â <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Under the Constitution's view of copyright, if the public prefers to be able "
+"to make copies in certain cases even if that means somewhat fewer works are "
+"published, the public's choice is decisive. There is no possible "
+"justification for prohibiting the public from copying what it wants to copy."
+msgstr ""
+"Pohledem na copyright z hlediska ústavy, jestliže veÅejnost dává
pÅednost "
+"možnosti dÄlat v urÄitých pÅÃpadech kopie, i když by to znamenalo o
nÄco "
+"ménÄ publikovaných pracÃ, pak je volba veÅejnosti rozhodujÃcÃ. NenÃ
možné "
+"ospravedlnit zakázovánà kopÃrovánà toho, co chce veÅejnost kopÃrovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Ever since the constitutional decision was made, publishers have tried to "
+"reverse it by misinforming the public. They do this by repeating arguments "
+"which presuppose that copyright is a natural right of authors (not "
+"mentioning that authors almost always cede it to publishers). People who "
+"hear these arguments, unless they have a firm awareness that this "
+"presupposition is contrary to the basic premises of our legal system, take "
+"for granted that it is the basis of that system."
+msgstr ""
+"Od tohoto ústavnÃho rozhodnutÃ, se vydavatelé vždy pokouÅ¡eli zvrátit
situaci "
+"dezinformovánÃm veÅejnosti. ProvádÄjà to opakovánÃm argumentů,
které "
+"pÅedpokládajÃ, že copyright je pÅirozené právo autorů (nezmiÅujÃce
se, že "
+"autoÅi ho takÅka vždy podstoupà vydavatelům). Pokud lidé slyÅ¡Ã tyto "
+"argumenty a nemajà hlubÅ¡Ã povÄdomà o tom, že tento pÅedpoklad je
protikladem "
+"k základnÃm premisám naÅ¡eho právnÃho systému, berou to jako
samozÅejmý "
+"základ takového systému."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This error is so ingrained today that people who oppose new copyright
+# | powers feel the need to do so by arguing that even authors and publishers
+# | may be hurt by them. Thus, James Boyle <a href=\"#ft12\">[12]</a> explains
+# | how a strict [-intellectual-] {+<a href=\"#later-2\">intellectual+}
+# | property [-system-] {+system</a>+} can interfere with writing new works.
+# | Jessica Litman <a href=\"#ft13\">[13]</a> cites the copyright shelters
+# | which historically allowed many new media to become popular. Pamela
+# | Samuelson <a href=\"#ft14\">[14]</a> warns that the White Paper may block
+# | the development of “third-wave” information industries by
+# | locking the world into the “second-wave” economic model that
+# | fit the age of the printing press.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This error is so ingrained today that people who oppose new copyright "
+#| "powers feel the need to do so by arguing that even authors and publishers "
+#| "may be hurt by them. Thus, James Boyle <a href=\"#ft12\">[12]</a> "
+#| "explains how a strict intellectual property system can interfere with "
+#| "writing new works. Jessica Litman <a href=\"#ft13\">[13]</a> cites the "
+#| "copyright shelters which historically allowed many new media to become "
+#| "popular. Pamela Samuelson <a href=\"#ft14\">[14]</a> warns that the "
+#| "White Paper may block the development of “third-wave” "
+#| "information industries by locking the world into the “second-"
+#| "wave” economic model that fit the age of the printing press."
+msgid ""
+"This error is so ingrained today that people who oppose new copyright powers "
+"feel the need to do so by arguing that even authors and publishers may be "
+"hurt by them. Thus, James Boyle <a href=\"#ft12\">[12]</a> explains how a "
+"strict <a href=\"#later-2\">intellectual property system</a> can interfere "
+"with writing new works. Jessica Litman <a href=\"#ft13\">[13]</a> cites the "
+"copyright shelters which historically allowed many new media to become "
+"popular. Pamela Samuelson <a href=\"#ft14\">[14]</a> warns that the White "
+"Paper may block the development of “third-wave” information "
+"industries by locking the world into the “second-wave” economic "
+"model that fit the age of the printing press."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato chyba je dnes tak zakoÅenÄná, že lidé, kteÅà Äelà nové moci
copyrightu, "
+"cÃtà potÅebu provádÄt to argumentovánÃm, že dokonce i autoÅi a
vydavatelé jà "
+"mohou být poškozeni. A tak James Boyle <a href=\"#ft12\">[12]</a> "
+"vysvÄtluje, jak může striktnà systém intelektuálnÃho vlastnictvÃ
zabraÅovat "
+"psanà nových dÄl. Jessica Litman <a href=\"#ft13\">[13]</a> cituje skrytá
"
+"mÃsta copyrightu, které v minulosti dovolily mnoha novým médiÃm stát se
"
+"populárnÃ. Pamela Samuelson <a href=\"#ft14\">[14]</a> varuje, že White "
+"Paper může blokovat vývoj âtÅetà vlnyâ, informaÄnÃch
průmyslových odvÄtvÃ, "
+"uzamÄenÃm svÄta ve âdruhé vlnÄâ, ekonomickém modelu, který
odpovÃdá éÅe "
+"tiskaÅského lisu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These arguments can be very effective on those issues where they are "
+"available, especially with a Congress and Administration dominated by the "
+"idea that “What's good for General Media is good for the USA.” "
+"But they fail to expose the fundamental falsehood on which this domination "
+"is based; as a result, they are ineffective in the long term. When these "
+"arguments win one battle, they do so without building a general "
+"understanding that helps win the next battle. If we turn to these arguments "
+"too much and too often, the danger is that we may allow the publishers to "
+"replace the Constitution uncontested."
+msgstr ""
+"Tyto argumenty mohou být velmi úÄinné tam, kde jsou k dispozici, pÅednÄ
u "
+"Kongresu a vlády opanované myÅ¡lenkou, že âCo je dobré pro hlavnÃ
média, je "
+"dobré pro USA.â Selhávajà vÅ¡ak, pokud majà vyvrátit ty základnÃ
nepravdy, na "
+"kterých je toto opanovánà založeno; výsledkem je, že jsou v
dlouhodobém "
+"mÄÅÃtku neúÄinné. Když tyto argumenty vyhrajà jednu bitvu, uÄinÃ
tak bez "
+"toho, aby vytvoÅily obecné povÄdomÃ, což by jim pomohlo vyhrát
pÅÃÅ¡tà bitvu. "
+"Budeme-li se pÅivracet k nÄmto argumentům pÅÃliÅ¡ mnoho a pÅÃliÅ¡
Äasto, je "
+"zde nebezpeÄÃ, že můžeme dovolit vydavatelům bezkonkurenÄnÄ zmÄnit
ústavu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, the recently published position statement of the Digital Future "
+"Coalition, an umbrella organization, lists many reasons to oppose the White "
+"Paper, for the sake of authors, libraries, education, poor Americans, "
+"technological progress, economic flexibility, and privacy concerns—all "
+"valid arguments, but concerned with side issues <a href=\"#ft15\">[15]</a>. "
+"Conspicuously absent from the list is the most important reason of all: that "
+"many Americans (perhaps most) want to continue making copies. The DFC fails "
+"to criticize the core goal of the White Paper, which is to give more power "
+"to publishers, and its central decision, to reject the Constitution and "
+"place the publishers above the users. This silence may be taken for consent."
+msgstr ""
+"NapÅÃklad nedávno publikované prohlášenà Digital Future Coalition
(Koalice "
+"digitálnà budoucnosti), zastÅeÅ¡ujÃcà organizace, vyjmenovává mnoho
důvodů, "
+"proÄ Äelit White Paperu, důvody pro autory, knihovny, vzdÄlávánÃ,
chudé "
+"AmeriÄany, technologický pokrok, ekonomickou flexibilitu a soukromé
koncerny "
+"â vÅ¡echny argumenty jsou platné, ale dotýkajÃcà se vedlejÅ¡Ãch
otázek <a href="
+"\"#ft15\">[15]</a>. NápadnÄ chybÄjÃcà je ve výÄtu nejdůležitÄjÅ¡Ã
důvod ze "
+"vÅ¡ech: že mnoho AmeriÄanů (možná vÄtÅ¡ina) chce pokraÄovat v tvorbÄ
kopiÃ. "
+"DFC selhala pÅi kritice vlastnÃho cÃle White Paperu, kterým je dát vÃce
moci "
+"vydavatelům a jeho ústÅednÃho rozhodnutÃ, odmÃtnout ústavu a postavit "
+"vydavatele nad uživatele. Toto mlÄenà může být bráno jako souhlas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Resisting the pressure for additional power for publishers depends on "
+"widespread awareness that the reading and listening public are paramount; "
+"that copyright exists for users and not vice versa. If the public is "
+"unwilling to accept certain copyright powers, that is ipso facto "
+"justification for not offering them. Only by reminding the public and the "
+"legislature of the purpose of copyright and the opportunity for the open "
+"flow of information can we ensure that the public prevails."
+msgstr ""
+"Odpor vůÄi tlaku na vÄtÅ¡Ã moc vydavatelů závisà na rozÅ¡ÃÅenÃ
povÄdomÃ, že "
+"ÄtenáÅská a posluchaÄská veÅejnost je nejdůležitÄjÅ¡Ã, že
copyright existuje "
+"pro uživatele a ne naopak. Jestliže si veÅejnost nepÅeje akceptovat
jisté "
+"nástroje copyrightu, je to ipso facto oprávnÄnà proÄ je nenabÃzet.
Zajistit, "
+"že veÅejnost zvÃtÄzÃ, můžeme pouze tak, že upozornÃme veÅejnost a "
+"legislativu na úÄel copyrightu a možnosti otevÅeného toku informacÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "ENDNOTES"
+msgstr "Poznámky na závÄr"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[2] Informational Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and the "
+"National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on "
+"Intellectual Property Rights (1995)."
+msgstr ""
+"[2] Informational Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and the "
+"National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on "
+"Intellectual Property Rights (Intelektuálnà vlastnictvà a národnÃ
informaÄnà "
+"infrastruktura: Zpráva pracovnà skupiny pro práva intelektuálnÃho "
+"vlastnictvÃ) (1995)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[3] John Perry Barlow, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information "
+"Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Barlow is one of the founders of "
+"the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an organization which promotes freedom "
+"of expression in digital media, and is also a former lyricist for the "
+"Grateful Dead."
+msgstr ""
+"[3] John Perry Barlow, Poznámky na konferenci Inovace a informaÄnÃ
prostÅedà "
+"(Innovation and the Information Environment Conference) (listopad 1995). Pan "
+"Barlow je jednÃm ze zakladatelů Electronic Frontier Foundation, organizace "
+"podporujÃcà svobodu vyjádÅenà v digitálnÃch médiÃch, a také
bývalý textaŠ"
+"Grateful Dead."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[4] Gary Glisson, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information Environment "
+"Conference (Nov. 1995); see also Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's Defense of "
+"the NII White Paper, 75 Or. L. Rev. (1996) (supporting the White Paper). "
+"Mr. Glisson is a partner and chair of the Intellectual Property Group at "
+"Lane Powell Spears Lubersky in Portland, Oregon."
+msgstr ""
+"[4] Gary Glisson, Poznámky na konferenci Inovace a informaÄnà prostÅedà "
+"(lis. 1995); pohlédnÄte také na Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's Defense of "
+"the NII White Paper, 75 Or. L. Rev. (1996) (podpora dokumentu White Paper). "
+"Pan Glisson je partner a pÅedseda Intellectual Property Group (Skupina pro "
+"intelektuálnà vlastnictvÃ) v Lane Powell Spears Lubersky v Portlandu,
Oregon."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[5] Steven Winter, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information Environment "
+"Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Winter is a professor at the University of "
+"Miami School of Law."
+msgstr ""
+"[5] Steven Winter, Poznámky na konferenci Inovace a informaÄnà prostÅedÃ
"
+"(lis. 1995). Pan Winter je profesorem na University of Miami School of Law "
+"(Miamská univerzita, práva)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[6] Winter, supra note 5."
+msgstr "[6] Winter, výše uvedená poznámka 5."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[7] See Laurence H. Tribe, The Constitution in Cyberspace: Law and Liberty "
+"Beyond the Electronic Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at 15."
+msgstr ""
+"[7] PodÃvejte se na: Laurence H. Tribe, The Constitution in Cyberspace: Law "
+"and Liberty Beyond the Electronic Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at "
+"15. (Ãstava kyberprostoru: Zákon a svoboda za elektronickou hranicÃ, "
+"Humanist, záÅ.-ÅÃj. 1991, str. 15."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[8] Tim Sloan, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information Environment "
+"Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Sloan is a member of the National "
+"Telecommunication and Information Administration."
+msgstr ""
+"[8] Tim Sloan, Poznámky na konferenci Inovace a informaÄnà prostÅedÃ
(lis. "
+"1995). Pan Sloan je Älenem National Telecommunication and Information "
+"Administration (Národnà telekomunikaÄnà a informaÄnà úÅad)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[9] See Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two Copyrights: Liberary Property in "
+"Revolutionary France and America, in, Of Authors and Origins: Essays on "
+"Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994) "
+"(stating that the Constitution's framers either meant to “"
+"subordinate[] the author's interests to the public benefit,” or to "
+"“treat the private and public interests…even-handedly.”)."
+msgstr ""
+"[9] ShlédnÄte Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two Copyrights: Liberary Property
"
+"in Revolutionary France and America (PÅÃbÄh dvou copyrightů: Svobodný "
+"majetek v revoluÄnà Francii a Americe) v Of Authors and Origins: Essays on "
+"Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994) "
+"(konstatujÃcÃ, že tvůrci ústavy nemysleli ani âpodÅÃdit[] zájmy
autorů "
+"veÅejnému prospÄchu,â ani âzpracovat soukromé a veÅejné
zájmy…"
+"nestrannÄâ)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[10] U.S. Const., art. I, p. 8, cl. 8 (“Congress shall have "
+"Power…to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing "
+"for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their "
+"respective Writings and Discoveries.”)."
+msgstr ""
+"[10] Ãstava USA, Äl. I, s. 8, odst. 8 (âKongres bude mÃt moc…"
+"podporovat Rozvoj vÄdy a užiteÄných umÄnà doÄasným zabezpeÄenÃm
výhradnÃho "
+"práva autorům a vynálezcům k jejich dÃlům a objevům.â)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[11] 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932)."
+msgstr "[11] 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[12] James Boyle, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information Environment "
+"Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Boyle is a Professor of Law at American "
+"University in Washington, D.C."
+msgstr ""
+"[12] James Boyle, Poznámky na konferenci Inovace a informaÄnà prostÅedà "
+"(lis. 1995). Pan Boyle je profesor práva na American University in "
+"Washington, D.C. (Americká washingtonská univerzita)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[13] Jessica Litman, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information "
+"Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Ms. Litman is a Professor at Wayne "
+"State University Law School in Detroit, Michigan."
+msgstr ""
+"[13] Jessica Litman, Poznámky na konferenci Inovace a informaÄnÃ
prostÅedà "
+"(lis. 1995). SleÄna Litmanová je profesorkou na Wayne State University Law "
+"School (Waynova státnà univerzita, práva) v Detroitu, Michigan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[14] Pamela Samuelson, The Copyright Grab, Wired, Jan. 1996. Ms. Samuelson "
+"is a Professor at Cornell Law School."
+msgstr ""
+"[14] Pamela Samuelson, The Copyright Grab (Chapadlo copyrightu), Wired, led. "
+"1996. SleÄna Samuelsonová je profesorkou na Cornell Law School (Cornellova "
+"právnà škola)."
+
+#. (available at URL:
+#. <a href="http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html";>
+#. http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html</a>)
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[15] Digital Future Coalition, Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern Over "
+"Intellectual Property Proposals, Nov. 15, 1995."
+msgstr ""
+"[15] Digital Future Coalition, Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern Over "
+"Intellectual Property Proposals, 15. lis., 1995."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "LATER NOTES"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[1] This article was part of the path that led me to recognize the <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> bias and confusion in the term “"
+"intellectual property”</a>. Today I believe that term should never be "
+"used under any circumstances."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[2] Here I fell into the fashionable error of writing “intellectual "
+"property” when what I meant was just “copyright”. This is "
+"like writing “Europe” when you mean “France”—"
+"it causes confusion that is easy to avoid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 1996, 1999, 2016 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 1996, 1999 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"původ-Nezpracovávejte 4.0 Mezinárodnà License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4438 @@
+# Czech translation of
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-22 01:25+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2001-10-27 20:07+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Svobodný software: Svoboda a spolupráce â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro
svobodný "
+"software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation"
+msgstr "Svobodný software: Svoboda a spolupráce"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Transcript of Richard M. Stallman's speech, “Free Software: Freedom "
+"and Cooperation”, given at New York University in New York, NY, on 29 "
+"May 2001"
+msgstr ""
+"PÅepis pÅednášky Richarda M. Stallmana, <cite>Svobodný software: Svoboda
a "
+"spolupráce</cite> â New York University v New Yorku, 29. kvÄtna 2001"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"A <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt\">plain text</a> version "
+"of this transcript and a <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-summary.txt"
+"\">summary</a> of the speech are also available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: I'm Mike Uretsky. I'm over at the Stern School of "
+"Business. I'm also one of the Co-Directors of the Center for Advanced "
+"Technology. And, on behalf of all of us in the Computer Science Department, "
+"I want to welcome you here. I want to say a few comments, before I turn it "
+"over to Ed, who is going to introduce the speaker."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: Jsem Mike Uretsky. Vystudoval jsem Stern School of "
+"Business. Jsem jednÃm z Åeditelů Centra pro pokroÄilé technologie.
Jménem "
+"nás vÅ¡ech v OddÄlenà pro výzkum poÄÃtaÄů bych vás zde chtÄl
pÅivÃtat. Než "
+"pÅedám mikrofon Edovi, který pÅedstavà ÅeÄnÃka, dovolil bych si
nÄkolik "
+"poznámek."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The role of a university is a place to foster debate and to have interesting "
+"discussions. And the role of a major university is to have particularly "
+"interesting discussions. And this particular presentation, this seminar "
+"falls right into that mold. I find the discussion of open source "
+"particularly interesting. In a sense … <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Ãlohou univerzity je podporovat debaty a poÅádat zajÃmavé diskuze A
úlohou "
+"vÄtÅ¡Ã univerzity je poÅádat zvláštÄ zajÃmavé diskuze. A tato
zvláštnà "
+"pÅednáška dopadá na úrodnou půdu. Debata o open source mi pÅipadá
zvláštÄ "
+"zajÃmavá. V jiném smyslu… <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I do free software. Open source is a different "
+"movement. <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Já dÄlám svobodný software. Open source je "
+"odliÅ¡ný smÄr. <i>[SmÃch] [Potlesk]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: When I first started in the field in the '60's, "
+"basically software was free. And we went in cycles. It became free, and "
+"then software manufacturers, in the need to expand their markets, pushed it "
+"in other directions. A lot of the developments that took place with the "
+"entry of the PC moved in exactly the same kind of a cycle."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: Když jsem v tomto oboru zaÄÃnal v Å¡edesátých "
+"letech, software byl vpodstatÄ svobodný. A proÅ¡li jsme tÃm v cyklech.
ZaÄal "
+"svobodnÄ a potom ho výrobci software ve snaze rozÅ¡ÃÅit obchod zaÄali "
+"postrkávat jinými smÄry. Mnoho vývoje, který pÅiÅ¡el s nástupem PC,
prošlo "
+"tÃm samým cyklem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's a very interesting French philosopher, Pierre Levy, who talks about "
+"movement to this direction and who talks about the move into cyberspace as "
+"not only relating to technology but also relating to social restructuring, "
+"to political restructuring, through a change in the kinds of relationships "
+"that will improve the well-being of mankind. And we're hoping that this "
+"debate is a movement in that direction, that this debate is something that "
+"cuts across a lot of the disciplines that normally act as solace within the "
+"University. We're looking forward to some very interesting discussions. Ed?"
+msgstr ""
+"Existuje jeden velmi zajÃmavý francouzský filosof, Pierre Levy, který
mluvà "
+"o pohybu tÃmto smÄrem a který mluvà o pohybu smÄrem ke kybersvÄtu a to
nejen "
+"v souvislosti s technologiemi, ale také se sociálnà restrukturalizacÃ, "
+"politickou restrukturalizacÃ, skrze zmÄny ve vztazÃch mezi námi, které
mohou "
+"zlepÅ¡it blahobyt lidstva. A my doufáme, že tato debata se bude ubÃrat
tÃmto "
+"smÄrem. Tato debata se týká mnoha oborů naÅ¡Ã univerzity, které
normálnÄ "
+"vystupujà samostatnÄ. TÄÅ¡Ãme se na velmi zajÃmavou diskuzi. Ede?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: I'm Ed Schonberg from the Computer Science "
+"Department at the Courant Institute. Let me welcome you all to this event. "
+"Introducers are usually, and particularly, a useless aspect of public "
+"presentations, but in this case, actually, they serve a useful purpose, as "
+"Mike easily demonstrated, because an introducer for instance, told him, by "
+"making inaccurate comments, can allow him to straighten out and correct and "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> sharpen considerably the parameters of the debate."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Já jsem Ed Schonberg z Computer Science "
+"Department na Courant Institute. Dovolte mi pÅivÃtat vás tu dnes. Lidé, "
+"kteÅà pouze pÅedstavujà jiné, jsou vÄtÅ¡inou jen neužiteÄným rysem
veÅejných "
+"konferencÃ, ale v tomto pÅÃpadÄ jsou vlastnÄ docela užiteÄnÃ,
<i>[SmÃch]</i> "
+"jak nám dokázal Mike."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, let me make the briefest possible introduction to somebody who doesn't "
+"need one. Richard is the perfect example of somebody who, by acting "
+"locally, started thinking globally from problems concerning the "
+"unavailability of source code for printer drivers at the AI Lab many years "
+"ago. He has developed a coherent philosophy that has forced all of us to re-"
+"examine our ideas of how software is produced, of what intellectual property "
+"means, and what the software community actually represents. Let me welcome "
+"Richard Stallman. <i>[Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Dovolte mi tedy krátce pÅedstavit nÄkoho, kdo vlastnÄ vůbec žádné "
+"pÅedstavenà nepotÅebuje. Richard je perfektnà pÅÃklad ÄlovÄka, který
pÅi "
+"ÅeÅ¡enà lokálnÃch problémů zaÄal pÅemýšlet globálnÄ. PÅed mnoha
lety zaÄal "
+"pÅemýšlet o problémech spojených s nedostupnostà zdrojového kódu k
ovladaÄům "
+"tiskárny. VytvoÅil filosofii, která nás vÅ¡echny donutila pÅehodnotit
naše "
+"myÅ¡lenky o vývoji software, o tom, co to vlastnÄ je intelektuálnà "
+"vlastnictvà a kdo to je softwarová komunita. PÅivÃtejme Richarda
Stallmana. "
+"<i>[Potlesk]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can someone lend me a watch? <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"Thank you. So, I'd like to thank Microsoft for providing me the opportunity "
+"to <i>[Laughter]</i> be on this platform. For the past few weeks, I have "
+"felt like an author whose book was fortuitously banned somewhere. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Except that all the articles about it are giving the wrong "
+"author's name, because Microsoft describes the GNU GPL as an open source "
+"license, and most of the press coverage followed suit. Most people, of "
+"course just innocently don't realize that our work has nothing to do with "
+"open source, that in fact we did most of it before people even coined the "
+"term open source."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Může mi nÄkdo půjÄit hodinky? <i>[SmÃch]</i>
"
+"DÃky. Rád bych podÄkoval Microsoftu za to, že mi poskytl možnost
<i>[SmÃch]</"
+"i> stát na tomto podiu. V poslednÃch týdnech jsem se cÃtil jako autor,
jehož "
+"kniha byla bez jeho zavinÄnà nÄkde zakazována. <i>[SmÃch]</i> PomiÅme,
že "
+"vÅ¡echny Älánky vÄc Å¡patnÄ pojmenovávajÃ, jelikož Microsoft popisuje
GNU GPL "
+"jako open source licenci a tisk ho následuje. VÄtÅ¡ina lidà si prostÄ "
+"neuvÄdomuje, že naÅ¡e práce s open source nijak nesouvisÃ; ve
skuteÄnosti "
+"jsme udÄlali vÄtÅ¡inu z toho, jeÅ¡tÄ než byl termÃn âopen sourceâ
vytvoÅen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are in the free software movement, and I'm going to speak about what the "
+"free software movement is about, what it means, what we have done, and, "
+"because this is partly sponsored by a school of business, I'll say some "
+"things more than I usually do about how free software relates to business, "
+"and some other areas of social life."
+msgstr ""
+"Budu dnes mluvit o free software Movement, co to je, co to znamená, co jsme "
+"již udÄlali a protože je to ÄásteÄnÄ sponzorované School of Business,
Åeknu "
+"také pár vÄcà navÃc o tom, jak se svobodný software spojuje s obchodem
a "
+"nÄkterými dalÅ¡Ãmi oblastmi sociálnÃho života."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, some of you may not ever write computer programs, but perhaps you "
+"cook. And if you cook, unless you're really great, you probably use "
+"recipes. And, if you use recipes, you've probably had the experience of "
+"getting a copy of a recipe from a friend who's sharing it. And you've "
+"probably also had the experience — unless you're a total neophyte "
+"— of changing a recipe. You know, it says certain things, but you "
+"don't have to do exactly that. You can leave out some ingredients. Add "
+"some mushrooms, 'cause you like mushrooms. Put in less salt because your "
+"doctor said you should cut down on salt — whatever. You can even make "
+"bigger changes according to your skill. And if you've made changes in a "
+"recipe, and you cook it for your friends, and they like it, one of your "
+"friends might say, “Hey, could I have the recipe?” And then, "
+"what do you do? You could write down your modified version of the recipe and "
+"make a copy for your friend. These are the natural things to do with "
+"functionally useful recipes of any kind."
+msgstr ""
+"NÄkteÅà z vás možná jeÅ¡tÄ nepsali poÄÃtaÄové programy, ale
možná vaÅÃte. A "
+"jestli vaÅÃte, tak pokud nejste opravdu velmi dobÅÃ, asi použÃváte
recepty. "
+"A pokud použÃváte recepty, pravdÄpodobnÄ již máte zkuÅ¡enost s tÃm,
že jste "
+"si poÅÃdili kopii receptu od kamaráda. Také asi máte, pokud nejste
úplný "
+"zaÄáteÄnÃk, zkuÅ¡enost s obmÄnou receptu. JistÄ, recept vám radÃ
urÄité "
+"kroky, ale vy ve skuteÄnosti nemusÃte dÄlat pÅesnÄ to. Můžete vynechat
"
+"nÄkteré pÅÃsady, nebo můžete pÅidat nÄjaké houby, jestli je máte
rádi, dát "
+"ménÄ soli, protože vám doktor Åekl, že byste mÄli sůl omezit â
cokoliv. "
+"Pokud máte zkuÅ¡enosti, můžete udÄlat dokonce jeÅ¡tÄ vÄtÅ¡Ã zmÄny. A
poté tÅeba "
+"pÅijdou pÅátelé, kterým to bude chutnat a jeden z nich vám může
ÅÃci: âHej, "
+"nemohl bys mi dát recept?â Co tedy udÄláte? Můžete si zapsat tu "
+"modifikovanou verzi receptu a opsat ho kamarádovi. To jsou pÅirozené
vÄci, "
+"které můžete dÄlat se vÅ¡emi recepty."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now a recipe is a lot like a computer program. A computer program's a lot "
+"like a recipe: a series of steps to be carried out to get some result that "
+"you want. So it's just as natural to do those same things with computer "
+"programs — hand a copy to your friend. Make changes in it because the "
+"job it was written to do isn't exactly what you want. It did a great job "
+"for somebody else, but your job is a different job. And after you've "
+"changed it, that's likely to be useful for other people. Maybe they have a "
+"job to do that's like the job you do. So they ask, “Hey, can I have a "
+"copy?” Of course, if you're a nice person, you're going to give a "
+"copy. That's the way to be a decent person."
+msgstr ""
+"Recept je hodnÄ podobný poÄÃtaÄovému programu a poÄÃtaÄový program
je hodnÄ "
+"podobný receptu. Série kroků, které musÃte jeden po druhém vykonat,
abyste "
+"se dostali k požadovanému výsledku. Takže je také tak pÅirozené dÄlat
tyto "
+"vÄci s poÄÃtaÄovými programy. Dát kopii kamarádovi, dÄlat v nÄm
zmÄny, "
+"protože to, co dÄlá, nenà pÅesnÄ to, co bychom chtÄli, aby dÄlal.
Program "
+"možná odvádÄl perfektnà práci pro nÄkoho jiného, ale vaÅ¡e práce je
odlišná. "
+"Po tom, co ho zmÄnÃte, je možné, že takto bude užiteÄný i pro nÄkoho
jiného. "
+"Možná dÄlajà práci, která je velmi podobná té vaÅ¡Ã. Takže pÅijdou
a zeptajà "
+"se: âHej, dal bys mi kopii?â SamozÅejmÄ, pokud jste ohleduplný
ÄlovÄk, dáte "
+"jim ji â budete sluÅ¡ný."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So imagine what it would be like if recipes were packaged inside black "
+"boxes. You couldn't see what ingredients they're using, let alone change "
+"them, and imagine if you made a copy for a friend, they would call you a "
+"pirate and try to put you in prison for years. That world would create "
+"tremendous outrage from all the people who are used to sharing recipes. But "
+"that is exactly what the world of proprietary software is like. A world in "
+"which common decency towards other people is prohibited or prevented."
+msgstr ""
+"A teÄ si pÅedstavte, jaké by to bylo, pokud by byly recepty umÃstÄny v "
+"Äerných skÅÃÅkách. Nemohl byste se podÃvat jaké pÅÃsady
použÃvajÃ, ani je "
+"mÄnit. A pÅedstavte si, že pokud byste udÄlal kamarádovi kopii,
nazývali by "
+"vás pirátem a snažili se vás na roky uvÄznit. To by vyvolalo v lidech "
+"zvyklých sdÃlet recepty straÅ¡né rozhoÅÄenÃ. Ale takto pÅesnÄ vypadá
svÄt "
+"propietárnÃho software. SvÄt, ve kterém je sluÅ¡nost k ostatnÃm lidem "
+"zakázána a je vám v nà bránÄno."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, why did I notice this? I noticed this because I had the good fortune in "
+"the 1970's to be part of a community of programmers who shared software. "
+"Now, this community could trace its ancestry essentially back to the "
+"beginning of computing. In the 1970's, though, it was a bit rare for there "
+"to be a community where people shared software. And, in fact, this was sort "
+"of an extreme case, because in the lab where I worked, the entire operating "
+"system was software developed by the people in our community, and we'd share "
+"any of it with anybody. Anybody was welcome to come and take a look, and "
+"take away a copy, and do whatever he wanted to do. There were no copyright "
+"notices on these programs. Cooperation was our way of life. And we were "
+"secure in that way of life. We didn't fight for it. We didn't have to "
+"fight for it. We just lived that way. And, as far as we knew, we would "
+"just keep on living that way. So there was free software, but there was no "
+"free software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"Kdy jsem to zpozoroval? VÅ¡iml jsem si toho dÃky tomu, že jsem v
sedmdesátých "
+"letech mÄl to Å¡tÄstà být souÄástà komunity programátorů, kteÅÃ
sdÃleli "
+"software. Minulost téhle komunity sahá vpodstatÄ až k úplným
zaÄátkům "
+"poÄÃtaÄů. V 70. letech to bylo troÅ¡ku zvláštnà být komunita, kde
lidé "
+"sdÃleli software. Ve skuteÄnosti to byl extrémnà pÅÃpad, protože v "
+"laboratoÅi, kde jsem pracoval, byl celý náš operaÄnà systém napsaný
lidmi z "
+"naÅ¡Ã komunity a my bychom jej sdÃleli s kýmkoliv. Každý byl vÃtán.
Ať již se "
+"chtÄl pouze podÃvat, odnést si kopii, nebo udÄlat cokoliv jiného, co se
mu "
+"zachtÄlo. Na programech nebyla žádná upozornÄnà o copyrightu. Náš
způsob "
+"života byla spolupráce. Byli jsme si jisti v takovém způsobu života. "
+"Nebojovali jsme za nÄj. Nemuseli jsme za nÄj bojovat. ProstÄ jsme tak
žili. "
+"A pokud vÃm, prostÄ bychom tak žili i dále. Takže svobodný software tu
již "
+"byl, ale nebyl tu žádný free software Movement."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But then our community was destroyed by a series of calamities that happened "
+"to it. Ultimately it was wiped out. Ultimately, the PDP-10 computer which "
+"we used for all our work was discontinued. And you know, our system — "
+"the Incompatible Timesharing System — was written starting in the "
+"'60's, so it was written in assembler language. That's what you used to "
+"write an operating system in the '60's. So, of course, assembler language "
+"is for one particular computer architecture; if that gets discontinued, all "
+"your work turns into dust — it's useless. And that's what happened to "
+"us. The 20 years or so of work of our community turned into dust."
+msgstr ""
+"Pak se pÅes nás ale pÅehnala série kalamit a naÅ¡e komunita byla v
troskách, "
+"nakonec byla úplnÄ zniÄena. Museli jsme pÅestat použÃvat PDP-10, náš "
+"poÄÃtaÄ. A jak vÃte, náš systém, Nekompatibilnà systém pro sdÃlenÃ
Äasu [The "
+"Incompatibile Time Sharing Machine â to byl název systému â pozn.
pÅekl.], "
+"byl psán v šedesátých letech, takže byl celý v assembleru. Tak se to
prostÄ "
+"v Å¡edesátýchy letech dÄlalo. Assembler je samozÅejmÄ vždy pouze pro
jednu "
+"architekturu. Když ta zastará, vÅ¡echna vaÅ¡e práce se zmÄnà v odpad. A
pÅesnÄ "
+"to se nám stalo. Dvacet let, nebo tak nÄjak, naÅ¡Ã práce bylo vyhozeno do
"
+"koše."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But before this happened, I had an experience that prepared me, helped me "
+"see what to do, helped prepare me to see what to do when this happened, "
+"because at certain point, Xerox gave the Artificial Intelligence Lab, where "
+"I worked, a laser printer, and this was a really handsome gift, because it "
+"was the first time anybody outside Xerox had a laser printer. It was very "
+"fast, printed a page a second, very fine in many respects, but it was "
+"unreliable, because it was really a high-speed office copier that had been "
+"modified into a printer. And, you know, copiers jam, but there's somebody "
+"there to fix them. The printer jammed and nobody saw. So it stayed jammed "
+"for a long time."
+msgstr ""
+"JeÅ¡tÄ než se to stalo, mÄl jsem zkuÅ¡enost, která mÄ pÅipravila,
pomohla mi "
+"rozhodnout se co dÄlat, pomohla mi pÅipravit se na to, abych vÄdÄl co
dÄlat, "
+"až se toto stane. Jednou dal Xerox laboratoÅi umÄlé inteligence, kde jsem
"
+"pracoval, laserovou tiskárnu. Byl to opravdu skvÄlý dárek, bylo to
poprvé co "
+"zÃskal laserovou tiskárnu nÄkdo mimo Xerox. Byla velmi rychlá, vytiskla "
+"stránku za sekundu. To bylo perfektnà v mnoha ohledech, ale bylo to "
+"nespolehlivé. Ve skuteÄnosti to byla vysokorychlostnà kopÃrka
pÅemÄnÄná v "
+"tiskárnu. Znáte to, kopÃrky maÄkajà papÃr a zablokujà se, ale vždy je
tam "
+"nÄkdo, kdo to spravÃ. Tiskárna se zasekla, ale nikdo to nevidÄl, takže "
+"zůstala mimo provoz dlouho."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, we had an idea for how to deal with this problem. Change it so that "
+"whenever the printer gets a jam, the machine that runs the printer can tell "
+"our timesharing machine, and tell the users who are waiting for printouts, "
+"or something like that, you know, tell them, go fix the printer. Because if "
+"they only knew it was jammed, of course, if you're waiting for a printout "
+"and you know that the printer is jammed, you don't want to sit and wait "
+"forever, you're going to go fix it."
+msgstr ""
+"DobÅe, napadlo nás, jak ten problém vyÅeÅ¡it. ChtÄli jsme pozmÄnit
program "
+"tak, aby to vždy, když se tiskárna zasekne, poÄÃtaÄ, co ji obsluhuje
oznámil "
+"naÅ¡emu hlavnÃmu poÄÃtaÄi a ten informoval uživatele, kteÅà ÄekajÃ
na "
+"výstupy. Å li by to spravit. Jenom aby vÄdÄli. Když Äekáte na výtisk a
vÃte, "
+"že tiskárna je zablokovaná, nebudete sedÄt a Äekat na Vánoce, půjdete
to "
+"spravit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But at that point, we were completely stymied, because the software that ran "
+"that printer was not free software. It had come with the printer, and it "
+"was just a binary. We couldn't have the source code; Xerox wouldn't let us "
+"have the source code. So, despite our skill as programmers — after "
+"all, we had written our own timesharing system — we were completely "
+"helpless to add this feature to the printer software."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale to jsme tvrdÄ narazili, protože software, který ovládal tiskárnu
nebyl "
+"svobodný software. Dostali jsme ho s tiskárnou a byla to pouze binárka. "
+"Nemohli jsme mÃt zdrojový kód â Xerox nám ho nedal, takže napÅÃÄ
tomu, že "
+"jsme mÄli velké zkuÅ¡enosti â po tom vÅ¡em, napsali jsme vlastnÃ
operaÄnà "
+"systém… â jsme nebyli schopni pÅidat tohle rozÅ¡ÃÅenà do
software našà "
+"tiskárny."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And we just had to suffer with waiting. It would take an hour or two to get "
+"your printout because the machine would be jammed most of the time. And "
+"only once in a while — you'd wait an hour figuring “I know it's "
+"going to be jammed. I'll wait an hour and go collect my printout,” and "
+"then you'd see that it had been jammed the whole time, and in fact, nobody "
+"else had fixed it. So you'd fix it and you'd go wait another half hour. "
+"Then, you'd come back, and you'd see it jammed again — before it got "
+"to your output. It would print three minutes and be jammed thirty minutes. "
+"Frustration up the whazzoo. But the thing that made it worse was knowing "
+"that we could have fixed it, but somebody else, for his own selfishness, was "
+"blocking us, obstructing us from improving the software. So, of course, we "
+"felt some resentment."
+msgstr ""
+"A tak jsme museli jen trpÄt a Äekat. Trvalo i hodinu Äi dvÄ dostat své "
+"výtisky, protože stroj byl vÄtÅ¡inu Äasu zablokovaný. A tak jste si
ÅÃkali. "
+"âVÃm, že se to zasekne, poÄkám hodinu a pak si půjdu pro výstupâ a
pak jste "
+"pÅiÅ¡li a zjistili, že to bylo zaseklé celou dobu a nikdo jiný to
mezitÃm "
+"nespravil. Takže jste to spravili a Äekali dalÅ¡Ã půlhodinu. A pak jste "
+"pÅiÅ¡li a vidÄli, že se to zas zaseklo dÅÃve, než se to dostalo k
vašà úloze. "
+"Tisklo to tÅi minuty a tÅicet neÄinnÄ stálo zablokované. Å Ãlená
otrava. Ale "
+"jeÅ¡tÄ horÅ¡Ã bylo vÄdÄt, že jsme to mohli opravit, ale nÄkdo jiný,
kvůli své "
+"vlastnà sobeckosti, nás blokoval, zabraÅoval nám vylepÅ¡it ten software. "
+"SamozÅejmÄ, že jsme cÃtili vztek."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And then I heard that somebody at Carnegie Mellon University had a copy of "
+"that software. So I was visiting there later, so I went to his office and I "
+"said, “Hi, I'm from MIT. Could I have a copy of the printer source "
+"code?” And he said “No, I promised not to give you a copy."
+"” <i>[Laughter]</i> I was stunned. I was so — I was angry, and "
+"I had no idea how I could do justice to it. All I could think of was to "
+"turn around on my heel and walk out of his room. Maybe I slammed the door. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> And I thought about it later on, because I realized that I "
+"was seeing not just an isolated jerk, but a social phenomenon that was "
+"important and affected a lot of people."
+msgstr ""
+"Jednou jsem se doslechl, že nÄkdo na univerzitÄ Carnagie Mellon mÄl kopii
"
+"toho software. Å el jsem tedy do jeho kanceláÅe a Åekl: âAhoj, já jsem
z MIT, "
+"mohl bys mi dát kopii zdrojových kódů té tiskárny?â A on Åekl:
âNe, slÃbil "
+"jsem, že ti nedám kopii.â <i>[SmÃch]</i> PokouÅ¡ely se o mne mrákoty.
Byl "
+"jsem tak… byl jsem naÅ¡tvaný, a nenapadalo mÄ jak to ospravedlnit. "
+"VÅ¡e, na co jsem mohl pomyslet, bylo otoÄit se na podpatku a odejÃt z jeho "
+"mÃstnosti. Možná jsem práskl dvÄÅmi. <i>[SmÃch]</i> A pozdÄji jsem na
to "
+"musel myslet, protože jsem si uvÄdomil, že to, co jsem pozoroval, nebyl "
+"pouze ojedinÄlý pÅÃpad, ale důležitý sociálnà fenomén, který
ovlivnil mnoho "
+"lidÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This was — for me — I was lucky, I only got a taste of it, but "
+"other people had to live in this all the time. So I thought about it at "
+"length. See, he had promised to refuse to cooperate with us — his "
+"colleagues at MIT. He had betrayed us. But he didn't just do it to us. "
+"Chances are he did it to you too. <i>[Pointing at member of audience.]</i> "
+"And I think, mostly likely, he did it to you too. <i>[Pointing at another "
+"member of audience.] [Laughter]</i> And he probably did it to you as well. "
+"<i>[Pointing to third member of audience.]</i> He probably did it to most of "
+"the people here in this room — except a few, maybe, who weren't born "
+"yet in 1980. Because he had promised to refuse to cooperate with just about "
+"the entire population of the Planet Earth. He had signed a non-disclosure "
+"agreement."
+msgstr ""
+"Bylo to… pro mne… já mÄl Å¡tÄstÃ. Jen jsem to ochutnal, ale
"
+"nÄkteÅà lidé v tom museli žÃt celou dobu. PodÃvejte, on slÃbil
odmÃtnout s "
+"námi spolupracovat â se svými kolegy na MIT. Zradil nás. Ale neudÄlal
to jen "
+"nám. Je možné, že to udÄlal i vám. <i>[SmÃch]</i> A myslÃm, že to
nejspÃÅ¡ "
+"udÄlal i vám. UdÄlal to vÄtÅ¡inÄ lidÃ, kteÅà jsou teÄ v této
mÃstnosti, s "
+"výjimkou tÄch pár, kteÅà jeÅ¡tÄ nebyli v roce 1980 na svÄtÄ, protože
on "
+"odmÃtl spolupracovat s celou planetou ZemÃ. Podepsal non-disclosure "
+"agreement. [do ÄeÅ¡tiny volnÄ pÅeloženo jako dohoda o neodhalenÃ, ale i
v "
+"Äechách se bÄžnÄ použÃvá tento anglický termÃn a jelikož jsem na
žádný moc "
+"chytrý pÅeklad nepÅiÅ¡el, budu non-disclosure agreement použÃvat také
â pozn. "
+"pÅekl.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, this was my first, direct encounter with a non-disclosure agreement, "
+"and it taught me an important lesson — a lesson that's important "
+"because most programmers never learn it. You see, this was my first "
+"encounter with a non-disclosure agreement, and I was the victim. I, and my "
+"whole lab, were the victims. And the lesson it taught me was that non-"
+"disclosure agreements have victims. They're not innocent. They're not "
+"harmless. Most programmers first encounter a non-disclosure agreement when "
+"they're invited to sign one. And there's always some temptation — "
+"some goody they're going to get if they sign. So, they make up excuses. "
+"They say, “Well, he's never going to get a copy no matter what, so why "
+"shouldn't I join the conspiracy to deprive him?” They say, “This "
+"is the way it's always done. Who am I to go against it?” They say, "
+"“If I don't sign this, someone else will.” Various excuses to "
+"gag their consciences."
+msgstr ""
+"To bylo moje prvnà pÅÃmé setkánà s non-disclosure agreement a to mÄ
nauÄilo "
+"nÄÄemu důležitému. Důležitému proto, že vÄtÅ¡ina programátorů se
tomu "
+"nenauÄila. VidÃte, že toto bylo moje prvnà setkánà s non-disclosure "
+"agreement a byl jsem obÄÅ¥, já a celá moje laboratoÅ jsme byli obÄÅ¥mi.
A tak "
+"jsem vidÄl, že non-disclosure agreements má obÄti. Non-disclosure
agreements "
+"nejsou nevinné. Nejsou neÅ¡kodné. VÄtÅ¡ina programátorů se poprvé
setká s non-"
+"disclosure agreement, když je nÄkdo pozve k podepsánÃ. A vždy je tu
nÄjaké "
+"lákánà â nÄjaký bonbon, který dostanou, pokud podepÃÅ¡Ã. DÄlajÃ
si omluvy. "
+"ÅÃkajÃ: âStejnÄ bych nikdy kopii nedostal, tak proÄ bych se nemohl k
tomuhle "
+"spinkutà proti nÄmu pÅipojit?â ÅÃkajÃ, že takhle se to dÄlá vždy.
âKdo jsem, "
+"abych se proti tomu stavÄl?â ÅÃkajà âKdyž to nepodepÃÅ¡u, tak
nÄkdo jiný to "
+"podepÃÅ¡e za mÄ.â Majà různé omluvy, aby si vyléÄili svÄdomÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But when somebody invited me to sign a non-disclosure agreement, my "
+"conscience was already sensitized. It remembered how angry I had been, when "
+"somebody promised not to help me and my whole lab solve our problem. And I "
+"couldn't turn around and do the exact same thing to somebody else who had "
+"never done me any harm. You know, if somebody asked me to promise not to "
+"share some useful information with a hated enemy, I would have said yes. "
+"You know? If somebody's done something bad, he deserves it. But, strangers "
+"— they haven't done me any harm. How could they deserve that kind of "
+"mistreatment? You can't let yourself start treating just anybody and "
+"everybody badly. Then you become a predator on society. So I said, “"
+"Thank you very much for offering me this nice software package. But I can't "
+"accept it in good conscience, on the conditions you are demanding, so I will "
+"do without it. Thank you so much.” And so, I have never knowingly "
+"signed a non-disclosure agreement for generally useful technical information "
+"such as software."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale když mÄ nÄkdo pozval, abych podepsal non-disclosure agreement, moje "
+"svÄdomà již bylo ve stÅehu. Pamatoval jsem si, jak jsem byl naÅ¡tvaný,
když "
+"nÄkdo slÃbil nepomoci mnÄ a mé laboratoÅi vyÅeÅ¡it náš problém. A
nemohl jsem "
+"to jen tak pÅejÃt a udÄlat tu samou vÄc nÄkomu jinému, kdo mi nikdy
nijak "
+"neublÞil. VÃte, kdyby mnÄ nÄkdo požádal o slib, že nebudu sdÃlet
užiteÄné "
+"informace s nenávidÄným nepÅÃtelem, vyhovÄl bych mu. Když nÄkdo
udÄlal nÄco "
+"Å¡patného, zasloužà si to. Ale cizinci â nic zlého mi neudÄlali. ProÄ
bych s "
+"nimi mÄl zacházet tak Å¡patnÄ? Zasloužà si to? Nemůžete s každým, s
kýmkoliv, "
+"jednat Å¡patnÄ. Stanete se tak Å¡kůdce spoleÄnosti. OdvÄtil jsem:
âDÃky moc, "
+"že mi nabÃzÃte tenhle pÄkný softwarový balÃk, ale nemohu s Äistým
svÄdomÃm "
+"pÅistoupit na podmÃnky, které požadujete, takže se radÅ¡i obejdu bez
nÄj. "
+"DÃky moc.â Nikdy jsem úmyslnÄ nepodepsal non-disclosure agreement na
obecnÄ "
+"užiteÄnou technickou informaci, jako napÅÃklad software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now there are other kinds of information which raise different ethical "
+"issues. For instance, there's personal information. You know, if you "
+"wanted to talk with me about what was happening between you and your "
+"boyfriend, and you asked me not to tell anybody — you know, I could "
+"keep — I could agree to keep that a secret for you, because that's not "
+"generally useful technical information. At least, it's probably not "
+"generally useful. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Existujà i jiné typy informacÃ, které mohou vznášet podobné etické
otázky. "
+"NapÅÃklad osobnà informace. Kdybyste se mnou chtÄli mluvit o tom, co se
dÄje "
+"mezi vámi a vašà holkou, a poprosili byste mne, abych o tom nikomu
neÅÃkal, "
+"abych si to nechal… souhlasil bych s tÃm, že si to nechám pro sebe,
"
+"protože to nenà obecnÄ užiteÄná technická informace. PÅinejmenÅ¡Ãm
to "
+"pravdÄpodobnÄ nenà obecnÄ užiteÄné. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is a small chance — and it's a possibility though — that "
+"you might reveal to me some marvelous new sex technique, <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"and I would then feel a moral duty <i>[Laughter]</i> to pass it onto the "
+"rest of humanity, so that everyone could get the benefit of it. So, I'd "
+"have to put a proviso in that promise, you know? If it's just details about "
+"who wants this, and who's angry at whom, and things like that — soap "
+"opera — that I can keep private for you, but something that humanity "
+"could tremendously benefit from knowing, I mustn't withhold. You see, the "
+"purpose of science and technology is to develop useful information for "
+"humanity to help people live their lives better. If we promise to withhold "
+"that information — if we keep it secret — then we are betraying "
+"the mission of our field. And this, I decided I shouldn't do."
+msgstr ""
+"Je tu malá Å¡ance â a to je samozÅejmÄ také možnost â že jste
odhalili "
+"nÄjakou úžasnou novou sexuálnà techniku <i>[SmÃch]</i> a já bych potom
cÃtil "
+"jako svoji morálnà povinnost pÅedat tu informaci zbytku lidstva, aby z
toho "
+"mohl také tÄžit. MusÃm tedy do toho slibu zahrnout výjimku â vÅ¡ak
vÃte. "
+"Pokud to jsou jen detaily o tom, kdo to chce, kdo je na koho naštvaný a "
+"takové vÄci â cajdák â tak si to nechám pro sebe, ale nÄco, z Äeho
by mohla "
+"spoleÄnost obrovsky tÄžit, prostÄ musÃm zveÅejnit. ÃÄel vÄdy a
technologie "
+"je objevovat užiteÄné informace pro lidstvo, které by pomohly lidem žÃt
lépe "
+"své životy. Když slÃbÃme neposkytnout takovou informaci â když si ji "
+"ponecháme v tajnosti â tak zrazujeme misi svého odvÄtvÃ. A já jsem se "
+"rozhodl, že bych to nemÄl dÄlat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, meanwhile my community had collapsed, and that was collapsing, and that "
+"left me in a bad situation. You see, the whole Incompatible Timesharing "
+"System was obsolete, because the PDP-10 was obsolete, and so there was no "
+"way that I could continue working as an operating system developer the way "
+"that I had been doing it. That depended on being part of the community "
+"using the community software and improving it. That no longer was a "
+"possibility, and that gave me a moral dilemma. What was I going to do? "
+"Because the most obvious possibility meant to go against that decision I had "
+"made. The most obvious possibility was to adapt myself to the change in the "
+"world. To accept that things were different, and that I'd just have to give "
+"up those principles and start signing non-disclosure agreements for "
+"proprietary operating systems, and most likely writing proprietary software "
+"as well. But I realized that that way I could have fun coding, and I could "
+"make money — especially if I did it other than at MIT — but at "
+"the end, I'd have to look back at my career and say, “I've spent my "
+"life building walls to divide people,” and I would have been ashamed "
+"of my life."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale mezitÃm moje komunita zkrachovala a to byl krach, který mÄ zanechal v "
+"tÄžké situaci. Jak jsem již Åekl, náš systém byl zastaralý, protože
PDP-10 "
+"bylo zastaralé, a proto již nebylo možné, abych pokraÄoval jako
vývojáŠ"
+"operaÄnÃho systému stejným způsobem jako pÅedtÃm. To záviselo na tom,
že "
+"jsem byl souÄástà komunity, která použÃvala software a vylepÅ¡ovala ho.
To "
+"již od té doby nebylo možné a to mi pÅipravilo morálnà dilema. Co budu
"
+"dÄlat? NejjednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã možnost znamenala jÃt proti rozhodnutÃm, která
jsem "
+"uÄinil. [zde myslà RMS rozhodnutà nepodepsat nikdy non-disclosure
agreement "
+"â pozn. pÅekl] NejjednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã možnost znamenala pÅizpůsobit se
zmÄnÄ svÄta. "
+"Akceptovat, že vÄci se zmÄnily a že budu muset obÄtovat moje principy a "
+"zaÄÃt podpisem non-disclosure agreement na operaÄnà systém. A nejspÃÅ¡
také "
+"psát proprietárnà software. Ale uvÄdomil jsem si, že touhle cestou bych
mohl "
+"mÃt nadále zábavu z kódovánà a mohl jsem mÃt penÃze â hlavnÄ
kdybych to "
+"dÄlal nÄkde jinde, než na MIT â ale nakonec bych se jednou musel
ohlédnout "
+"za svojà kariérou a ÅÃct si: âStrávil jsem život budovánÃm zdà k
oddÄlenà "
+"lidÃ,â a mohl bych být znechucen svým životem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I looked for another alternative, and there was an obvious one. I could "
+"leave the software field and do something else. Now I had no other special "
+"noteworthy skills, but I'm sure I could have become a waiter. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Not at a fancy restaurant; they wouldn't hire me, "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> but I could be a waiter somewhere. And many programmers, "
+"they say to me, “The people who hire programmers demand this, this and "
+"this. If I don't do those things, I'll starve.” It's literally the "
+"word they use. Well, you know, as a waiter, you're not going to starve. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> So, really, they're in no danger. But — and this is "
+"important, you see — because sometimes you can justify doing something "
+"that hurts other people by saying otherwise something worse is going to "
+"happen to me. You know, if you were <em>really</em> going to starve, you'd "
+"be justified in writing proprietary software. <i>[Laughter]</i> If "
+"somebody's pointing a gun at you, then I would say, it's forgivable. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> But, I had found a way that I could survive without doing "
+"something unethical, so that excuse was not available. So I realized, "
+"though, that being a waiter would be no fun for me, and it would be wasting "
+"my skills as an operating system developer. It would avoid misusing my "
+"skills. Developing proprietary software would be misusing my skills. "
+"Encouraging other people to live in the world of proprietary software would "
+"be misusing my skills. So it's better to waste them than misuse them, but "
+"it's still not really good."
+msgstr ""
+"Tak jsem se poohlÞel po jiné alternativÄ. Byla tu jedna zÅejmá. Mohl
jsem "
+"opustit softwarové odvÄtvà a dÄlat nÄco jiného. NemÄl jsem žádné
pozoruhodné "
+"schopnosti, ale jsem si jistý, že jsem se mohl stát ÄÃÅ¡nÃkem.
<i>[SmÃch]</i> "
+"Ne v nÄjaké fantastické restauraci, nezamÄstnali by mÄ, <i>[SmÃch]</i>
ale "
+"prostÄ jsem mohl být ÄÃÅ¡nÃk. NÄkde. Mnoho programátorů ÅÃká,
âlidé, kteÅà "
+"najÃmajà programátory, požadujà to a to a to, a když to nebudu
akceptovat, "
+"budu hladovÄt.â HladovÄt, to je pÅesnÄ to slovo, které použÃvajÃ.
Ok, jako "
+"ÄÃÅ¡nÃk hladovÄt nebudete. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Opravdu tu nenà žádné
nebezpeÄÃ. To "
+"je důležité, obÄas můžete ospravedlnit to, že provedete ostatnÃm
lidem nÄco, "
+"co je zranÃ, tÃm, že Åeknete: âkdyž to neudÄlám, stane se mi jeÅ¡tÄ
nÄco "
+"horÅ¡Ãho.â SamozÅejmÄ, kdybyste opravdu mÄli hladovÄt,
ospravedlÅovalo by vás "
+"to psát proprietárnà software. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Když na vás nÄkdo
mÃÅÃ "
+"pistolÃ, tak bych Åekl, že je to omluvitelné. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Ale já
jsem "
+"naÅ¡el cestu jak pÅežÃt bez toho, abych dÄlal nÄco neetického, takže
jsem "
+"tuto omluvu nemohl použÃt. UvÄdomil jsem si, že být ÄÃÅ¡nÃk by pro
mne nebyla "
+"žádná zábava a zbyteÄnÄ bych tak plýtval mými zkuÅ¡enostmi
systémového "
+"vývojáÅe. To, co budu dÄlat, by nemÄlo být zneužÃvánà mých
zkuÅ¡enostÃ. "
+"VyvÃjet proprietárnà software by bylo zneužÃvánÃm mých zkuÅ¡enostÃ. "
+"Povzbuzovat ostatnà lidi k tomu, aby žili ve svÄtÄ proprietárnÃho
software, "
+"by bylo zneužÃvánà mých zkuÅ¡enostÃ. To už by bylo lepÅ¡Ã s nimi
plýtvat, než "
+"je zneužÃvat, ale to stále nenà pÅÃliÅ¡ dobré."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So for those reasons, I decided to look for some other alternative. What "
+"can an operating system developer do that would actually improve the "
+"situation, make the world a better place? And I realized that an operating "
+"system developer was exactly what was needed. The problem, the dilemma, "
+"existed for me and for everyone else because all of the available operating "
+"systems for modern computers were proprietary. The free operating systems "
+"were for old, obsolete computers, right? So for the modern computers — "
+"if you wanted to get a modern computer and use it, you were forced into a "
+"proprietary operating system. So if an operating system developer wrote "
+"another operating system, and then said, “Everybody come and share "
+"this; you're welcome to this” — that would give everybody a way "
+"out of the dilemma, another alternative. So I realized that there was "
+"something I could do that would solve the problem. I had just the right "
+"skills to be able to do it. And it was the most useful thing I could "
+"possibly imagine that I'd be able to do with my life. And it was a problem "
+"that no one else was trying to solve. It was just sort of sitting there, "
+"getting worse, and nobody was there but me. So I felt, “I'm elected. "
+"I have to work on this. If not me, who?” So I decided I would develop "
+"a free operating system, or die trying … of old age, of course. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Z tÄchto důvodů jsem se tedy zaÄal rozhlÞet po nÄjaké alternativÄ.
Co by "
+"mohl udÄlat vývojáŠoperaÄnÃch systémů k tomu, aby zlepÅ¡il situaci,
aby "
+"udÄlal svÄt lepÅ¡Ãm mÃstem? UvÄdomil jsem si, že operaÄnà systém
bylo pÅesnÄ "
+"to, co bylo tÅeba. Ten problém, to dilema, existovalo pro mÄ i pro
všechny "
+"ostatnÃ, protože vÅ¡echny dostupné operaÄnà systémy pro modernÃ
poÄÃtaÄe byly "
+"proprietárnÃ. Ten náš svobodný operaÄnà systém byl pro staré,
vysloužilé "
+"poÄÃtaÄe, že? Když jste si chtÄli poÅÃdit nový poÄÃtaÄ a
použÃvat ho, byli "
+"jste nuceni použÃt proprietárnà systém. Kdyby nÄjaký vývojáŠnapsal
jiný "
+"systém a potom Åekl, že ho může každý sdÃlet a on bude rád, pokud to
budou "
+"lidé dÄlat, tak by to každého vyvedlo z tÄžkého rozhodovánÃ, byla by
tu "
+"alternativa. UvÄdomil jsem si, že bych s tÃm mohl nÄco dÄlat. Zrovna já
jsem "
+"mÄl ty pravé zkuÅ¡enosti, abych to byl schopen udÄlat. To bylo prostÄ to "
+"nejužiteÄnÄjÅ¡Ã co jsem si dokázal pÅedstavit, jak bych mohl se svým
životem "
+"naložit. Tohle byl zrovna problém, který se v tu chvÃli nikdo jiný
nesnažil "
+"vyÅeÅ¡it. ProstÄ jsme tu jen sedÄli a ono se to mezitÃm jeÅ¡tÄ vÃc
zhoršovalo "
+"a nebyl tu kolem nikdo jiný, kdo by to vyÅeÅ¡il, jen já. CÃtil jsem, že
jsem "
+"ten pravý, že na tom musÃm pracovat. Když ne já, tak kdo? Takže jsem se
"
+"rozhodl, že vyvinu svobodný operaÄnà systém â nebo umÅu pÅi tom, jak
se "
+"stále budu snažit vyvinout svobodný operaÄnà systém. Myslel jsem
umÅÃt "
+"stáÅÃm, samozÅejmÄ. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, of course I had to decide what kind of operating system it should be. "
+"There are some technical design decisions to be made. I decided to make the "
+"system compatible with Unix for a number of reasons. First of all, I had "
+"just seen one operating system that I really loved become obsolete because "
+"it was written for one particular kind of computer. I didn't want that to "
+"happen again. We needed to have a portable system. Well, Unix was a "
+"portable system. So if I followed the design of Unix, I had a pretty good "
+"chance that I could make a system that would also be portable and workable. "
+"And furthermore, why <i>[Tape unclear]</i> be compatible with it in the "
+"details. The reason is, users hate incompatible changes. If I had just "
+"designed the system in my favorite way — which I would have loved "
+"doing, I'm sure — I would have produced something that was "
+"incompatible. You know, the details would be different. So, if I wrote the "
+"system, then the users would have said to me, “Well, this is very "
+"nice, but it's incompatible. It will be too much work to switch. We can't "
+"afford that much trouble just to use your system instead of Unix, so we'll "
+"stay with Unix,” they would have said."
+msgstr ""
+"Stál jsem tedy pÅed rozhodnutÃm, jaký operaÄnà systém by to mÄl být.
Musel "
+"jsem si upÅesnit nÄjaké technické otázky týkajÃcà se designu
systému. "
+"NÄkolik důvodů mne pÅesvÄdÄilo udÄlat ho kompatibilnà s Unixem.
Zaprvé, bylo "
+"to zrovna po tom, co jsem vidÄl, jak operaÄnà systém, který jsem opravdu
"
+"miloval, zastaral, protože byl napsaný pro jeden konkrétnà typ
poÄÃtaÄe a "
+"ten se pÅestal použÃvat. NechtÄl jsem, aby se to opakovalo. PotÅeboval
jsem "
+"nÄjaký portovatelný systém. Unix byl portovatelný systém. Kdybych tedy "
+"následoval design Unixu, mÄl jsem docela dobrou Å¡anci vytvoÅit systém,
který "
+"by byl portovatelný a práceschopný. Ale byl tu jeÅ¡tÄ jeden podstatný
důvod, "
+"proÄ být pÅesnÄ kompatibilnà s Unixem. TÃm důvodem je, že uživatelé
"
+"nesnášejà nekompatibilnà zmÄny. Kdybych navrhl systém podle sebe â
což bych "
+"byl dÄlal straÅ¡nÄ rád, tÃm jsem si jist â vyrobil bych nÄco "
+"nekompatibilnÃho. JistÄ chápete, detaily by byly odliÅ¡né. Kdybych to tak
"
+"udÄlal, lidé by mi Åekli: âOk, je to velmi dobré, ale nenà to
kompatibilnÃ. "
+"Dalo by moc práce na nÄj pÅejÃt. Nemůžeme si dovolit tolik starostÃ
jen "
+"proto, abysme pÅeÅ¡li na tvůj systém mÃsto Unixu.â [V té dobÄ â v
druhé "
+"polovinÄ osmdesátých let â jeÅ¡tÄ nemohl Richard vÄdÄt, že pÅesnÄ
toto se mu "
+"pozdÄji stane. Jen mezitÃm byl Unix vymÄnÄn za MS Windows. Ve
skuteÄnosti to "
+"ale tehdy na konci osmdesátých let splnilo svůj úÄel a na serverech i v
high-"
+"end sféÅe ho plnà poÅád. ZpÄtnÄ ÅeÄeno, bylo to dobré rozhodnutÃ,
ale s "
+"nástupem nekompatibilnÃch MS Windows tehdy Richard nepoÄÃtal a tak se
dnes "
+"ÄásteÄnÄ dostal do situace, kterou popisuje. â pozn. pÅekl.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, if I wanted to actually create a community where there would be people "
+"in it, people using this free system, and enjoying the benefits of liberty "
+"and cooperation, I had to make a system people would use, a system that they "
+"would find easy to switch to, that would not have an obstacle making it fail "
+"at the very beginning. Now, making the system upward compatible with Unix "
+"actually made all the immediate design decisions, because Unix consists of "
+"many pieces, and they communicate through interfaces that are more or less "
+"documented. So if you want to be compatible with Unix, you have to replace "
+"each piece, one by one, with a compatible piece. So the remaining design "
+"decisions are inside one piece, and they could be made later by whoever "
+"decides to write that piece. They didn't have to be made at the outset."
+msgstr ""
+"Když jsem chtÄl vybudovat komunitu, ve které by byli vůbec nÄjacà lidé
â "
+"lidé použÃvajÃcà svobodný systém, sklÃzejÃcà ovoce svobody a
spolupráce â "
+"musel jsem vytvoÅit systém, který by lidé použÃvali, na který by mohli
"
+"jednoduÅ¡e pÅejÃt, který by nemÄl žádnou pÅekážku, která by to
zastavila hned "
+"na zaÄátku. Rozhodnutà udÄlat systém kompatibilnà s Unixem za mÄ
vlastnÄ "
+"vyÅeÅ¡ilo vÅ¡echny technické otázky ohlednÄ designu, protože Unix se
skládá z "
+"malých ÄástÃ, které spolu komunikujà pÅes rozhranÃ, která jsou
vÃceménÄ "
+"dokumentovaná. Z toho plyne, že když chcete být kompatibilnàs Unixem, "
+"musÃte nahradit každý kousek jeden po druhém nÄjakým kompatibilnÃm
kouskem "
+"software. Ty zbývajÃcà otázky designu se vztahujà každá pouze na
vnitÅek "
+"tÄch malých souÄástà a rozhodnutà může udÄlat ten, kdo bude zrovna
ten "
+"kousek programovat a to vpodstatÄ kdykoliv. Nemusel jsem to vÅ¡e rozhodnout "
+"hned na zaÄátku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So all we had to do to start work was find a name for the system. Now, we "
+"hackers always look for a funny or naughty name for a program, because "
+"thinking of people being amused by the name is half the fun of writing the "
+"program. <i>[Laughter]</i> And we had a tradition of recursive acronyms, to "
+"say that the program that you're writing is similar to some existing "
+"program. You can give it a recursive acronym name which says: this one's not "
+"the other. So, for instance, there were many Tico text editors in the '60's "
+"and '70's, and they were generally called something-or-other Tico. Then one "
+"clever hacker called his Tint, for Tint Is Not Tico — the first "
+"recursive acronym. In 1975, I developed the first Emacs text editor, and "
+"there were many imitations of Emacs, and a lot of them were called something-"
+"or-other Emacs, but one was called Fine, for Fine Is Not Emacs, and there "
+"was Sine, for Sine Is Not Emacs, and Eine for Eine Is Not Emacs, and MINCE "
+"for Mince Is Not Complete Emacs. <i>[Laughter]</i> That was a stripped down "
+"imitation. And then, Eine was almost completely rewritten, and the new "
+"version was called Zwei, for Zwei Was Eine Initially. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"VÅ¡e, co jsme potÅebovali k tomu, abychom mohli zaÄÃt pracovat, bylo
najÃt "
+"nÄjaké jméno toho systému. PodÃvejte, my hackeÅi vždy hledáme pro
program "
+"nÄjaký žertovný, nezbedný název, protože pÅedstavovat si, jak to lidi
"
+"pobavÃ, až se o názvu dozvÄdÃ, je skoro polovina zábavy, kterou máte s
"
+"psanÃm programu. <i>[SmÃch]</i> MÄli jsme také zvyk psát rekurzivnÃ
zkratky, "
+"kdykoliv jsme chtÄli vyjádÅit, že program, který pÃÅ¡eme, je podobný
nÄjakému "
+"jinému programu. Můžete dát programu rekurzivnà jméno, které ÅÃká:
âtenhle "
+"nenà tamten.´´ NapÅÃklad tu bylo v Å¡edesátých a sedmdesátých letech
mnoho "
+"textových editorů Tico a vÅ¡eobecnÄ se jmenovali nÄjak jinak než Tico.
Potom "
+"jeden vynalézavý hacker pojmenoval ten svůj Tint, což znamenalo Tint Is
Not "
+"Tico (Tint nenà Tico). To byla prvnà rekurzivnà zkratka. V roce 1975 jsem "
+"vyvinul prvnà textový editor Emacs. MÄli jsme taky spoustu jiných
imitacà "
+"Emacsu a vÄtÅ¡ina se jmenovala nÄjak jinak, ale jeden z nich se jmenoval "
+"Fine, což znamenalo Fine Is Not Emacs (Fine nenà Emacs) a taky tu byl Sine
â "
+"Sine Is Not Emacs (Sine nenà Emacs). MÄli jsme i Eine â Ina Is Not Emacs "
+"(Ina nenà Emacs) a také MINCE â Mince Is Not Complete Emacs (Mince nenà "
+"úplný Emacs). <i>[SmÃch]</i> To byla okleÅ¡tÄná imitace. A pak nÄkdo
Eine "
+"skoro celý pÅepsal a svoji novou verzi pojmenoval Zwei, což mÄlo být
Zwei "
+"Was Eine Initially (Zwei bylo původnÄ Eine). <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I looked for a recursive acronym for Something is not Unix. And I tried "
+"all 26 letters, and discovered that none of them was a word. <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i> Hmm, try another way. I made a contraction. That way I could have a "
+"three-letter acronym, for Something's not Unix. And I tried letters, and I "
+"came across the word “GNU” — the word “GNU” is "
+"the funniest word in the English language. <i>[Laughter]</i> That was it. "
+"Of course, the reason it's funny is that according to the dictionary, it's "
+"pronounced “new”. You see? And so that's why people use it for "
+"a lot of wordplay. Let me tell you, this is the name of an animal that "
+"lives in Africa. And the African pronunciation had a click sound in it. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Maybe still does. And so, the European colonists, when "
+"they got there, they didn't bother learning to say this click sound. So "
+"they just left it out, and they wrote a “G” which meant “"
+"there's another sound that's supposed to be here which we are not "
+"pronouncing.” <i>[Laughter]</i> So, tonight I'm leaving for South "
+"Africa, and I have begged them, I hope they're going to find somebody who "
+"can teach me to pronounce click sounds, <i>[Laughter]</i> so that I'll know "
+"how to pronounce GNU the correct way, when it's the animal."
+msgstr ""
+"Hledal jsem tedy rekurzivnà akronym pro Something Is Not Unix (NÄco nenà "
+"Unix) a vyzkouÅ¡el jsem vÅ¡ech 26 pÃsmenek, ale zjistil jsem, že žádná z
tÄch "
+"zkratek nedávala slovo. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Tak jsem to zkusil jinak. Zkrátil "
+"jsem to, tÃm bych zÃskal tÅÃpÃsmennou zkratku Something's not Unix "
+"[neangliÄtináÅům se omlouvám, ale toto asi nepochopÃte â pozn.
pÅekl.] "
+"ZkouÅ¡el jsem tedy zase pÃsmenka až jsem doÅ¡el ke slovu âGNUâ â GNU
je "
+"nejlegraÄnÄjÅ¡Ã slovo v angliÄtinÄ. <i>[SmÃch]</i> To bylo ono. Je to "
+"legraÄnà proto, že se to slovo vyslovuje jako slovo ânew´´. Lidé ho
proto "
+"použÃvajà v různých slovnÃch hrách. Je to jméno jednoho zvÃÅete
žijÃcÃho v "
+"Africe. [Jedná se o pakonÄ â pozn. pÅekl.] Africká výslovnost v sobÄ
mÄla "
+"jakési mlasknutÃ. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Možná jeÅ¡tÄ má. Když pÅiÅ¡li
kolonisti z "
+"Evropy, nezatÄžovali se uÄenÃm toho mlasknutÃ. ProstÄ ho tedy vypustili
a "
+"napsali tam mÃsto nÄj G, což mÄlo znamenat âmÄl by tu být jeÅ¡tÄ
nÄjaký zvuk, "
+"který my nevyslovujeme.â <i>[SmÃch]</i> Dnes v noci letÃm do jižnÃ
Afriky, "
+"prosil jsem je už. Doufám, že najdou nÄkoho, kdo mne bude moci nauÄit "
+"vyslovovat to mlasknutÃ. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Abych vÄdÄl, jak bych mÄl
správnÄ "
+"vyslovovat GNU, když budu mluvit o tom zvÃÅeti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, when it's the name of our system, the correct pronunciation is “"
+"guh-NEW” — pronounce the hard “G”. If you talk "
+"about the “new” operating system, you'll get people very "
+"confused, because we've been working on it for 17 years now, so it is not "
+"new any more. <i>[Laughter]</i> But it still is, and always will be, GNU "
+"— no matter how many people call it Linux by mistake. <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud ovÅ¡em nemáte na mysli zvÃÅe, ale náš systém, správná
výslovnost je "
+"âguh-NEWâ â vyslovte to tÄžké G. Kdybyste mÃsto toho mluvili o
ânewâ "
+"operaÄnÃm systému, velmi byste lidi popletli, protože už na nÄm
pracujeme 17 "
+"let, takže už nikdy nový nebude. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Ale poÅád je to GNU â
i pÅes "
+"to, kolik lidà to nesprávnÄ nazývá Linux. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, in January 1984, I quit my job at MIT to start writing pieces of GNU. "
+"They were nice enough to let me keep using their facilities though. And, at "
+"the time, I thought we would write all these pieces, and make an entire GNU "
+"system, and then we'd say, “Come and get it”, and people would "
+"start to use it. That's not what happened. The first pieces I wrote were "
+"just equally good replacements, with fewer bugs for some pieces of Unix, but "
+"they weren't tremendously exciting. Nobody particularly wanted to get them "
+"and install them. But then, in September 1984, I started writing GNU Emacs, "
+"which was my second implementation of Emacs, and by early 1985, it was "
+"working. I could use it for all my editing, which was a big relief, because "
+"I had no intention of learning to use VI, the Unix editor. <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"So, until that time, I did my editing on some other machine, and saved the "
+"files through the network, so that I could test them. But when GNU Emacs "
+"was running well enough for me to use it, it was also — other people "
+"wanted to use it too."
+msgstr ""
+"V lednu 1984 jsem tedy opustil MIT a zaÄal psát ty jednotlivé Äásti GNU.
"
+"NicménÄ byli hodnÃ, že mi dovolili i nadále využÃvat jejich vybavenÃ.
Tehdy "
+"jsem si myslel, že napÃÅ¡eme vÅ¡echny tyhle souÄásti a udÄláme
kompletnà GNU "
+"systém a pak Åekneme lidem: âpojÄte a vemte si toâ a ildi to zaÄnou "
+"použÃvat. Ale to se nestalo. TY prvnà Äásti, které jsem psal, byly jen "
+"pÅibližnÄ stejné náhrady s ménÄ chybami, ale nebylo to nic
ohromujÃcÃho. "
+"VpodstatÄ nikdo nechtÄl je zÃskávat a instalovat. Zvrat pÅiÅ¡el v
záÅà 1984, "
+"když jsem zaÄal psát GNU Emacs, moji druhou implementaci Emacsu.
ZaÄátkem "
+"roku 1985 již fungovala, mohl jsem ho použÃvat pro editovánÃ, což byla
velká "
+"úleva, protože jsem se nechtÄl uÄit použÃvat VI, Unixový editor.
<i>[SmÃch]</"
+"i> Proto jsem až do té doby dÄlal editovánà na jiném stroji a soubory
jsem "
+"si posÃlal pÅes sÃÅ¥, abych je mohl testovat [myÅ¡leno na Unixu â pozn. "
+"pÅekl.] Když už ale Emacs fungoval natolik, že jsem ho mohl použÃvat
já, byl "
+"již také dost dobrý pro ostatnà â ostatnà ho chtÄli použÃvat také."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I had to work out the details of distribution. Of course, I put a copy "
+"in the anonymous FTP directory, and that was fine for people who were on the "
+"net. They could then just pull over a tar file, but a lot of programmers "
+"then even were not on the net in 1985. They were sending me emails saying "
+"“How can I get a copy?” I had to decide what I would answer "
+"them. Well, I could have said, I want to spend my time writing more GNU "
+"software, not writing tapes, so please find a friend who's on the internet "
+"and who is willing to download it and put it on a tape for you. And I'm "
+"sure people would have found some friends, sooner or later, you know. They "
+"would have got copies. But I had no job. In fact, I've never had a job "
+"since quitting MIT in January 1984. So, I was looking for some way I could "
+"make money through my work on free software, and therefore I started a free "
+"software business. I announced, “Send me $150, and I'll mail you a "
+"tape of Emacs.” And the orders began dribbling in. By the middle of "
+"the year they were trickling in."
+msgstr ""
+"Musel jsem propracovat detaily distribuce. SamozÅejmÄ, umÃstil jsem kopii
na "
+"anonymnà FTP server [Anonymnà FTP server znamená, že k nÄmu může
pÅistupovat "
+"každý. Můžete z nÄj stahovat data, aniž byste potÅebovali znát heslo.
â "
+"pozn. pÅekl.] a to bylo skvÄlé pro lidi na sÃti, mohli si prostÄ
stáhnout "
+"soubor .tar a nainstalovat, ale hodnÄ programátorů tehdy v roce 1985
jeÅ¡tÄ "
+"pÅÃstup k sÃti nemÄlo. PosÃlali mi maily: âJak můžu zÃskat
kopii?â Musel "
+"jsem se rozhodnout, co jim budu odpovÃdat. Ok, mohl jsem ÅÃci, že chci "
+"trávit svůj Äas dÄlánÃm GNU software, ne dÄlánÃm pásek, tak aÅ¥
poprosà "
+"pÅÃtele, který je na sÃti, aby jim to stáhl na pásku. Jsem si jist, že
lidé "
+"by naÅ¡li takové pÅátele. DÅÃve, Äi pozdÄji. ZÃskali by ty kopie, ale
já v té "
+"dobÄ nemÄl žádné zamÄstnánÃ. Ve skuteÄnosti jsem nikdy nemÄl
žádné "
+"zamÄstnánà od té doby, co jsem v lednu 1984 opustil MIT. Hledal jsem tedy
"
+"nÄjakou cestu, jak bych si mohl vydÄlat nÄjaké penÃze pracà na
svobodném "
+"software, a proto jsem odstartoval obchod se svobodným software. Oznámil "
+"jsem: âPoÅ¡li mi 150 dolarů a já ti poÅ¡lu pásku s Emacsem.â A tak mi
zaÄaly "
+"chodit prvnà objednávky a v polovinÄ roku už jich bylo docela dost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I was getting 8 to 10 orders a month. And, if necessary, I could have lived "
+"on just that, because I've always lived cheaply. I live like a student, "
+"basically. And I like that, because it means that money is not telling me "
+"what to do. I can do what I think is important for me to do. It freed me "
+"to do what seemed worth doing. So make a real effort to avoid getting "
+"sucked into all the expensive lifestyle habits of typical Americans. "
+"Because if you do that, then people with the money will dictate what you do "
+"with your life. You won't be able to do what's really important to you."
+msgstr ""
+"Dostával jsem mezi osmi a deseti objednávkami za mÄsÃc. Kdyby to bylo
nutné, "
+"mohl jsem vyžÃt jen s tÃmto pÅÃjmem, protože já jsem vždy žil
levnÄ; "
+"vpodstatÄ Å¾iju jako student. Mám to rád, protože to znamená, že vám
penÃze "
+"nerozkazujÃ, co máte dÄlat. Mohu dÄlat to, o Äem si myslÃm, že je pro
mÄ "
+"důležité. To je pro mÄ velké uvolnÄnà a mohu dÄlat to, co opravdu
dÄlat "
+"chci. Snažte se zabránit tomu, abyste se nechali vcucnout do toho drahého "
+"kolobÄhu života typických AmeriÄanů. Když to udÄláte, tak vám lidé,
kteÅÃ "
+"majà penÃze, budou diktovat, co máte dÄlat. Nebudete schopni dÄlat to,
co je "
+"pro vás opravdu důležité."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, that was fine, but people used to ask me, “What do you mean it's "
+"free software if it costs $150?” <i>[Laughter]</i> Well, the reason "
+"they asked this was that they were confused by the multiple meanings of the "
+"English word “free”. One meaning refers to price, and another "
+"meaning refers to freedom. When I speak of free software, I'm referring to "
+"freedom, not price. So think of free speech, not free beer. <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i> Now, I wouldn't have dedicated so many years of my life to making sure "
+"programmers got less money. That's not my goal. I'm a programmer and I "
+"don't mind getting money myself. I won't dedicate my whole life to getting "
+"it, but I don't mind getting it. And I'm not — and therefore, ethics "
+"is the same for everyone. I'm not against some other programmer getting "
+"money either. I don't want prices to be low. That's not the issue at all. "
+"The issue is freedom. Freedom for everyone who's using software, whether "
+"that person be a programmer or not."
+msgstr ""
+"Bylo to dobré, ale lidé se mÄ ptali: âCo jsi tÃm myslel, že to je free
"
+"software, když to stojà 150 dolarů?â <i>[SmÃch]</i> Ptali se prostÄ
proto, "
+"že je zmýlila vÃceznaÄnost slova âfreeâ. Jeden význam se odkazuje na
cenu a "
+"druhý na svobodu. Když mluvÃm o free software, odkazuji se na svobodu, ne
na "
+"cenu. MyslÃm na free speech, ne na free beer. [svoboda projevu, nikoliv pivo
"
+"zdarma â pozn. pÅekl.] <i>[SmÃch]</i> Nestrávil bych tolik let svého
života "
+"tÃm, že bych nutil programátory vydÄlávat ménÄ penÄz. To nenà můj
cÃl. Jsem "
+"sám programátor a nevadà mi dostávat penÃze. NevÄnoval bych
zÃskávánà penÄz "
+"celý život, ale nevadà mi mÃt je. Nejsem ani proti tomu, aby je
dostávali "
+"jinà programátoÅi. Nechci, aby ceny za software byly nÃzké. To s tÃm
nemá "
+"nic spoleÄného. Tohle je o svobodÄ. O svobodÄ pro každého, kdo
použÃvá "
+"software, ať již je programátor, nebo ne."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So at this point I should give you the definition of free software. I "
+"better get to some real details, you see, because just saying “I "
+"believe in freedom” is vacuous. There's so many different freedoms "
+"you could believe in, and they conflict with each other, so the real "
+"political question is: Which are the important freedoms, the freedoms that "
+"we must make sure everybody has?"
+msgstr ""
+"Nynà bych mÄl definovat svobodný software. RadÅ¡i budu mluvit konkrétnÄ,
"
+"protože pouhé tlachánà o vÃÅe ve svobodu je o niÄem. Existuje tolik
různých "
+"svobod, ve které můžete vÄÅit a Äasto se také mezi sebou vyluÄujÃ,
takže "
+"správná politická otázka by byla: âJaké jsou tedy ty důležité
svobody, "
+"svobody které musà mÃt každý?â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And now, I will give my answer to that question for the particular area of "
+"using software. A program is free software for you, a particular user, if "
+"you have the following freedoms:"
+msgstr ""
+"Já se ji pokusÃm zodpovÄdÄt v oboru použÃvánà software. Program je
pro vás "
+"svobodný software, pokud máte následujÃcà svobody:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"First, Freedom Zero is the freedom to run the program for any purpose, any "
+"way you like."
+msgstr ""
+"Zaprvé, svoboda nula je svoboda spouÅ¡tÄt program za jakýmkoliv úÄelem a
"
+"jakýmkoliv způsobem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself by changing the program to suit "
+"your needs."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda jedna je svoboda pomoci si k lepÅ¡Ãmu využità programu tÃm, že
ho "
+"pozmÄnÃte."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Two is the freedom to help your neighbor by distributing copies of "
+"the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda dvÄ je svoboda pomoci svému kolegovi tÃm, že mu dáte kopii
programu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"And Freedom Three is the freedom to help build your community by publishing "
+"an improved version so others can get the benefit of your work."
+msgstr ""
+"A svoboda tÅi je svoboda pomáhat budovat komunitu lidà užÃvajÃcÃch
tento "
+"software tak, aby také ostatnà mohli zÃskat výhody vaÅ¡Ã práce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you have all of these freedoms, the program is free software, for you "
+"— and that's crucial. That's why I phrase it that way. I'll explain "
+"why later, when I talk about the GNU General Public License, but right now "
+"I'm explaining what free software means, which is a more basic question."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud máte všechny tyhle svobody, pak je pro vás daný program svobodný "
+"software. To je velmi důležité, vysvÄtlÃm to pozdÄji, až budu mluvit o
GNU "
+"General Public License, ale teÄ vysvÄtluji, co to je svobodný software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, Freedom Zero's pretty obvious. If you're not even allowed to run the "
+"program anyway you like, it is a pretty damn restrictive program. But as it "
+"happens, most programs will at least give you Freedom Zero. And Freedom "
+"Zero follows, legally, as a consequence of Freedoms One, Two, and Three "
+"— that's the way that copyright law works. So the freedoms that "
+"distinguish free software from typical software are Freedoms One, Two, and "
+"Three, so I'll say more about them and why they are important."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda nula je naprosto zÅejmá. Když nemáte ani právo program spustit,
je "
+"to docela omezujÃcà program. Ve skuteÄnosti vám vÄtÅ¡ina programů
poskytne "
+"alespoŠsvobodu nula. Svoboda nula je logickým důsledkem svobod jedna,
dvÄ a "
+"tÅi â tak funguje copyrightový systém. Svobody, které odliÅ¡ujÃ
svobodný "
+"software od typického software jsou svobody jedna, dvÄ a tÅi. ÅeknÄme si
o "
+"nich tedy nÄco vÃce a vysvÄtleme si, proÄ jsou důležité."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself by changing the software to suit "
+"your needs. This could mean fixing bugs. It could mean adding new "
+"features. It could mean porting it to a different computer system. It "
+"could mean translating all the error messages into Navajo. Any change you "
+"want to make, you should be free to make."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda jedna je svoboda pomoci si k lepÅ¡Ãmu využità programu tÃm, že
ho "
+"pozmÄnÃte. To mohlo znamenat tÅeba opravovánà chyb. Mohlo to znamenat "
+"pÅidávánà nových vylepÅ¡enÃ. Mohlo to znamenat portovánà na jiný
systém. "
+"Mohlo to znamenat pÅeloženà vÅ¡ech chybových hlášenà do jazyku Navajo.
MÄli "
+"byste mÃt právo provést jakoukoliv zmÄnu budete chtÃt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Now, it's obvious that professional programmers can make use of this
+# | freedom very effectively, but not just them. Anybody of reasonable
+# | intelligence can learn a little programming. You know, there are hard
+# | jobs, and there are easy jobs, and most people are not going to learn
+# | enough to do hard jobs. But lots of people can learn enough to do easy
+# | jobs, just the way, you know, 50 years ago, lots and lots of American men
+# | learned to repair cars, which is what enabled the U.S. to have a motorized
+# | army in World War II and win. {+So, very important, having lots of people
+# | tinkering.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, it's obvious that professional programmers can make use of this "
+#| "freedom very effectively, but not just them. Anybody of reasonable "
+#| "intelligence can learn a little programming. You know, there are hard "
+#| "jobs, and there are easy jobs, and most people are not going to learn "
+#| "enough to do hard jobs. But lots of people can learn enough to do easy "
+#| "jobs, just the way, you know, 50 years ago, lots and lots of American men "
+#| "learned to repair cars, which is what enabled the U.S. to have a "
+#| "motorized army in World War II and win."
+msgid ""
+"Now, it's obvious that professional programmers can make use of this freedom "
+"very effectively, but not just them. Anybody of reasonable intelligence can "
+"learn a little programming. You know, there are hard jobs, and there are "
+"easy jobs, and most people are not going to learn enough to do hard jobs. "
+"But lots of people can learn enough to do easy jobs, just the way, you know, "
+"50 years ago, lots and lots of American men learned to repair cars, which is "
+"what enabled the U.S. to have a motorized army in World War II and win. So, "
+"very important, having lots of people tinkering."
+msgstr ""
+"Je zÅejmé, že pro profesionálnà programátory je to velmi užiteÄné,
ale nejen "
+"pro nÄ. Každý ÄlovÄk s rozumnou inteligencà se zvládne alespoÅ
troÅ¡ku nauÄit "
+"programovat. SamozÅejmÄ, existujà tÄžké práce a lehké práce a
vÄtÅ¡ina lidà "
+"se nebude uÄit dÄlat ty tÄžké. Ale mnoho lidà se může nauÄit dÄlat
lehkou "
+"práci stejnÄ tak, jako se pÅed padesáti lety mnoho a mnoho ameriÄanů
nauÄilo "
+"spravovat auta, což Americe umožnilo mÃt ve druhé svÄtové válce "
+"motorizovanou armádu a vyhrát."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And if you are a people person, and you really don't want to learn "
+"technology at all, that probably means that you have a lot of friends, and "
+"you're good at getting them to owe you favors. <i>[Laughter]</i> Some of "
+"them are probably programmers. So you can ask one of your programmer "
+"friends. “Would you please change this for me? Add this feature?"
+"” So, lots of people can benefit from it."
+msgstr ""
+"A pokud jste spoleÄenská osobnost a opravdu se nechcete uÄit technologie,
to "
+"znamená, že pravdÄpodobnÄ máte spoustu pÅátel a umÃte je
pÅesvÄdÄit, aby vám "
+"pomohli. NÄkteÅà z nich jsou pravdÄpodobnÄ programátoÅi. Můžete se
jich tedy "
+"zeptat: âZmÄnil bys prosÃm tÄ pro mÄ tohle?â Je vidÄt, že ze
svobody jedna "
+"může tÄžit opravdu hodnÄ lidÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, if you don't have this freedom, it causes practical, material harm to "
+"society. It makes you a prisoner of your software. I explained what that "
+"was like with regard to the laser printer. You know, it worked badly for "
+"us, and we couldn't fix it, because we were prisoners of our software."
+msgstr ""
+"Když tu svobodu nemáte, je to skuteÄná, materiálnà škoda pro
spoleÄnost. "
+"DÄlá to z vás vÄznÄ svého software. PokusÃm se to pÅirovnat k té
laserové "
+"tiskárnÄ. VÃte, že to fungovalo pro naÅ¡e potÅeby Å¡patnÄ a že jsme to
nemohli "
+"opravit, protože jsme byli vÄzni svého software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But it also affects people's morale. You know if the computer is constantly "
+"frustrating to use, and people are using it, their lives are going to be "
+"frustrating, and if they're using it in their jobs, their jobs are going to "
+"be frustrating; they're going to hate their jobs. And you know, people "
+"protect themselves from frustration by deciding not to care. So you end up "
+"with people whose attitude is, “Well, I showed up for work today. "
+"That's all I have to do. If I can't make progress, that's not my problem; "
+"that's the boss's problem.” And when this happens, it's bad for those "
+"people, and it's bad for society as a whole. That's Freedom One, the "
+"freedom to help yourself."
+msgstr ""
+"OvlivÅuje to ale také morálku lidÃ. Když máte z použÃvánÃ
poÄÃtaÄe stále "
+"pocit marnosti, budete mÃt i ze své práce pocit marnosti. VaÅ¡e práce se "
+"stane otravnou â budete nenávidÄt svoji práci. A když lidi deprimuje
jejich "
+"práce, rozhodnou se nestarat se o ni. Nakonec to dospÄje do stadia, kdy
máte "
+"lidi s pÅÃstupem âPÅiÅ¡el jsem dnes do práce. To je vÅ¡e co musÃm
udÄlat. "
+"Pokud nemohu udÄlat pokrok, nenà to můj problém, je to problém mého
šéfa.â "
+"Když se toto stane, je to špatné jak pro tyto lidi, tak pro celou "
+"spoleÄnost. To je svoboda jedna. Svoboda pomoci sám sobÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Two is the freedom to help your neighbor by distributing copies of "
+"the program. Now, for beings that can think and learn, sharing useful "
+"knowledge is a fundamental act of friendship. When these beings use "
+"computers, this act of friendship takes the form of sharing software. "
+"Friends share with each other. Friends help each other. This is the nature "
+"of friendship. And, in fact, this spirit of goodwill — the spirit of "
+"helping your neighbor, voluntarily — is society's most important "
+"resource. It makes the difference between a livable society and a dog-eat-"
+"dog jungle. Its importance has been recognized by the world's major "
+"religions for thousands of years, and they explicitly try to encourage this "
+"attitude."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda dvÄ je svoboda pomáhat pÅÃteli tÃm, že mu zkopÃrujete program.
Pro "
+"ty, kteÅà umÄjà pÅemýšlet a uÄit se, je sdÃlenà užiteÄných
znalostà naprosto "
+"základnÃm projevem pÅátelstvÃ. Když takovà lidé použÃvajÃ
poÄÃtaÄe, tak se "
+"sdÃlenà software stává tÃmto základnÃm projevem pÅátelstvÃ.
PÅátelé sdÃlejà "
+"mezi sebou. PÅátelé si pomáhajÃ. To je podstata pÅátelstvÃ. A ve
skuteÄnosti "
+"je právÄ tenhle princip dobrého ducha â princip pomáhánà svým
bližnÃm, "
+"dobrovolnÄ â tÃm nejdůležitÄjÅ¡Ãm zdrojem každé spoleÄnosti. To je
ten rozdÃl "
+"mezi životaschopnou spoleÄnostà a bezohlednou džunglÃ. Tato důležitost
byla "
+"rozeznána nejvÄtÅ¡Ãmi svÄtovými náboženstvÃmi již pÅed tisÃcemi
let a ta se "
+"explicitnÄ snažà posilovat tento pÅÃstup."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I was going to kindergarten, the teachers were trying to teach us this "
+"attitude — the spirit of sharing — by having us do it. They "
+"figured if we did it, we'd learn. So they said, “If you bring candy "
+"to school, you can't keep it all for yourself; you have to share some with "
+"the other kids.” Teaching us, the society was set up to teach, this "
+"spirit of cooperation. And why do you have to do that? Because people are "
+"not totally cooperative. That's one part of human nature, and there are "
+"other parts of human nature. There are lots of parts of human nature. So, "
+"if you want a better society, you've got to work to encourage the spirit of "
+"sharing. You know, it'll never get to be 100%. That's understandable. "
+"People have to take care of themselves too. But if we make it somewhat "
+"bigger, we're all better off."
+msgstr ""
+"Když jsem chodil do mateÅské Å¡kolky, tak se nás tomu snažily uÄitelky
nauÄit "
+"â sdÃlenà â tÃm, že nás to nechali dÄlat. Åekly prostÄ: âKdyž
si do Å¡koly "
+"pÅineseÅ¡ bonbóny, nemůžeÅ¡ si je nechat vÅ¡echny pro sebe, musÃÅ¡ se
podÄlit s "
+"ostatnÃmi.â TÃm, že nás to uÄily… spoleÄnost se nauÄila duchu
"
+"spolupráce. A proÄ byste to mÄli dÄlat? Protože lidé nejsou úplnÄ "
+"kooperativnÃ. To je jedna z Äástà lidské povahy, ale existujà i jiné
Äásti. "
+"Je mnoho Äástà lidské povahy. Když chcete lepÅ¡Ã spoleÄnost, musÃte
se snažit "
+"posilovat v lidech principy sdÃlenÃ. JistÄ, nikdy to nebude na 100%, to je
"
+"pochopitelné. Lidé se musà také starat o sebe. Pokud se nám to nÄjak
pÅeci "
+"jen o kousek povede, budeme bohatÅ¡Ã."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nowadays, according to the U.S. Government, teachers are supposed to do the "
+"exact opposite. “Oh, Johnny, you brought software to school. Well, "
+"don't share it. Oh no. Sharing is wrong. Sharing means you're a pirate."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"Dnes, podle vlády Spojených států amerických, majà uÄitelé dÄlat
pÅesný "
+"opak. âAch, Johnny, pÅinesl jsi si do Å¡koly software. DobÅe, nesdÃlej
jej. "
+"Ne, ne. SdÃlenà je Å¡patné. SdÃlenà znamená, že bys byl pirát.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What do they mean when they say “pirate”? They're saying that "
+"helping your neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Co tÃm myslÃ, když ÅÃkajà âpirátâ? TvrdÃ, že pomáhánÃ
blÃzkým je morálnà "
+"ekvivalent napadánà lodÃ? <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What would Buddha or Jesus say about that? Now, take your favorite religious "
+"leader. I don't know, maybe Manson would have said something different. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Who knows what L. Ron Hubbard would say? But …"
+msgstr ""
+"Co by o tom Åekl Budha nebo JežÃÅ¡? VezmÄte si svého náboženského
vůdce. "
+"NevÃm, možná by Manson Åekl nÄco jiného. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Kdo vÃ, co by
Åekl "
+"L. Ron Hubbard. Ale, …"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i>"
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: <i>[NeslyÅ¡itelné]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Of course, he's dead. But they don't admit "
+"that. What?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: JistÄ, je mrtvý. Ale oni si to nepÅipouÅ¡tÃ.
Cože?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: So are the others, also dead. <i>[Laughter] "
+"[Inaudible]</i> Charles Manson's also dead. <i>[Laughter]</i> They're dead, "
+"Jesus's dead, Buddha's dead…"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Jako ti ostatnÃ, jsou také mrtvÃ. <i>[SmÃch] "
+"[NeslyÅ¡itelné]</i> Charles Manson je také mrtvý. <i>[SmÃch]</i> JežÃÅ¡
je "
+"mrtvý, Budha je mrtvý…"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, that's true. <i>[Laughter]</i> So I guess, "
+"in that regard, L. Ron Hubbard is no worse than the others. <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i> Anyway — <i>[Inaudible]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano, to je pravda. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Takže hádám,
že "
+"v tomto ohledu nenà L. Ron Hubbard horÅ¡Ã než ti ostatnÃ. <i>[SmÃch]</i>
Tak "
+"jako tak â <i>[NeslyÅ¡itelné]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: L. Ron always used free software — it freed "
+"him from Zanu. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: L. Ron vždy použÃval svobodný software â
uvolnilo "
+"ho to od Zanu. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Anyway, so, I think this is actually the most "
+"important reason why software should be free: We can't afford to pollute "
+"society's most important resource. It's true that it's not a physical "
+"resource like clean air and clean water. It's a psycho-social resource, but "
+"it's just as real for all that, and it makes a tremendous difference to our "
+"lives. You see, the actions we take influence the thoughts of other "
+"people. When we go around telling people, “Don't share with each "
+"other”, if they listen to us, we've had an effect on society, and it's "
+"not a good one. That's Freedom Two, the freedom to help your neighbor."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: MyslÃm, že toto je vlastnÄ ten
nejdůležitÄjÅ¡Ã "
+"důvod, proÄ by mÄl být software svobodný. Nemůžeme si dovolit Å¡pinit "
+"nejvÄtÅ¡Ã zdroj spoleÄnosti. Je pravda, že to nenà fyzický zdroj, jako
Äistý "
+"vzuch, Äistá voda. Je to psychologicko-sociálnà zdroj, ale je tak
opravdový "
+"jako ty ostatnà a může zapÅÃÄinit obrovskou zmÄnu v naÅ¡ich životech.
To, jak "
+"se chováme, ovlivÅuje myÅ¡lenà ostatnÃch lidÃ. Když chodÃme kolem a
ÅÃkáme "
+"ânesdÃlej s ostatnÃmiâ, když nás poslouchajÃ, ovlivÅujeme ostatnÃ
a "
+"neovlivÅujeme je dobÅe. To je svoboda druhá. Svoboda pomoci pÅÃteli."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Oh, and by the way, if you don't have that freedom, it doesn't just cause "
+"this harm to society's psycho-social resource, it also causes waste — "
+"practical, material harm. If the program has an owner, and the owner "
+"arranges a state of affairs where each user has to pay in order to be able "
+"to use it, some people are going to say, “Never mind, I'll do without "
+"it.” And that's waste, deliberately inflicted waste. And the "
+"interesting thing about software, of course, is that fewer users doesn't "
+"mean you have to make less stuff. You know, if fewer people buy cars, you "
+"can make fewer cars. There's a saving there. There are resources to be "
+"allocated, or not allocated, into making cars. So that you can say that "
+"having a price on a car is a good thing. It prevents people from diverting "
+"lots of wasted resources into making cars that aren't really needed. But if "
+"each additional car used no resources, it wouldn't be doing any good saving "
+"the making of these cars. Well, for physical objects, of course, like cars, "
+"it is always going to take resources to make an additional one of them, each "
+"additional exemplar."
+msgstr ""
+"No a mimochodem, když nemáte tuto svobodu, nenà to jen újma pro
spoleÄnost, "
+"je to také újma pro lidi â opravdová, materiálnà újma. Když má
program svého "
+"vlastnÃka a ten vlastnÃk stanovà soubor pravidel, kde musà každý
platit, aby "
+"mohl software použÃvat, nÄkteÅà lidé budou ÅÃkat: âNevadÃ, já se
bez nÄj "
+"obejdu.â ZajÃmavé na software je, že ménÄ uživatelů neznamená, že
toho "
+"musÃte udÄlat ménÄ. Znáte to, když si auto koupà ménÄ lidÃ,
můžete dÄlat "
+"ménÄ aut. Můžete uÅ¡etÅit. K vytoÅenà kopie auta potÅebujete urÄité
zdroje. "
+"Můžete ÅÃci, že mÃt cenu na auta je dobrá vÄc. ZabraÅuje to
plýtvánà "
+"surovinami na auta, která nejsou ve skuteÄnosti potÅeba. Ale kdyby dalÅ¡Ã
"
+"auta již nepotÅebovala žádné suroviny, nebylo by k niÄemu dobré
Å¡etÅit na "
+"výrobÄ nových kusů. Fyzické vÄci, jako auta, vždy potÅebujà nÄjaké
suroviny "
+"k výrobÄ kopiÃ, k výrobÄ každého dalÅ¡Ãho exempláÅe."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But for software that's not true. Anybody can make another copy. And it's "
+"almost trivial to do it. It takes no resources, except a tiny bit of "
+"electricity. So there's nothing we can save, no resource we're going to "
+"allocate better by putting this financial disincentive on the use of the "
+"software. You often find people taking economic, the consequences of "
+"economic reasoning, based on premises that don't apply to software, and "
+"trying to transplant them from other areas of life where the premises may "
+"apply, and the conclusions may be valid. They just take the conclusions and "
+"assume that they're valid for software too, when the argument is based on "
+"nothing, in the case of software. The premises don't work in that case. It "
+"is very important to examine how you reach the conclusion, and what premises "
+"it depends on, to see where it might be valid. So, that's Freedom Two, the "
+"freedom to help your neighbor."
+msgstr ""
+"U software tomu tak nenÃ. Každý může vytvoÅit kopii a je to velmi "
+"jednoduché. NepotÅebuje k tomu žádné suroviny s výjimkou troÅ¡ky
elektrické "
+"energie. Nenà tu nic, co bychom mohli uÅ¡etÅit; tÃm, že použijeme tuto "
+"finanÄnà brzdu, nemůžeme žádné zdroje uÅ¡etÅit pro lepÅ¡Ã využitÃ.
Lidé Äasto "
+"mluvà o ekonomii, ale je tÅeba si uvÄdomit, že se na software snažà "
+"aplikovat ekonomické zdůvodÅovánà založené na premisách, které pro
software "
+"neplatÃ. Snažà se pÅenést je z jiných oblastà života, kde možná
platÃ, na "
+"software, a potom výsledky takové úvahy považujà za platné. ProstÄ
vezmou "
+"své závÄry a pÅedpokládajÃ, že platà i pro software, i když
argumenty nejsou "
+"v pÅÃpadÄ software na niÄem založené. V takové situaci je velmi
důležité "
+"prozkoumat, jakou cestou dosahujete výsledku a na jakých pÅedpokladech "
+"stavÃte."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Three is the freedom to help build your community by publishing an "
+"improved version of the software. People used to say to me, “If the "
+"software's free, then nobody will get paid to work on it, so why should "
+"anybody work on it?” Well, of course, they were confusing the two "
+"meanings of free, so their reasoning was based on a misunderstanding. But, "
+"in any case, that was their theory. Today, we can compare that theory with "
+"empirical fact, and we find that hundreds of people are being paid to write "
+"free software, and over 100,000 are doing it as volunteers. We get lots of "
+"people working on free software, for various different motives."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda tÅi je svoboda pomáhat budovat komunitu publikovánÃm
vylepšených "
+"verzà software. Lidé mi ÅÃkali: âže když je software
<cite>free</cite>, tak "
+"nebude nikdo za práci na nÄm placen, proÄ by se tedy mÄl pÅipojovat?â
Ok, "
+"samozÅejmÄ si pletli dva významy slova <cite>free</cite>, takže bylo
jejich "
+"myÅ¡lenà založeno na nepochopenÃ. V každém pÅÃpadÄ to byla jejich
teorie. "
+"Dnes již můžeme srovnat jejich teorii s empirickým faktem a zjistÃme,
že "
+"stovky lidà jsou placeny za psanà svobodného software a že vÃce než 100
000 "
+"lidà jsou dobrovolnÃci. Na svobodném software pracuje mnoho lidà a majà "
+"různé motivy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I first released GNU Emacs — the first piece of the GNU system "
+"that people actually wanted to use — and when it started having users, "
+"after a while, I got a message saying, “I think I saw a bug in the "
+"source code, and here's a fix.” And I got another message, “"
+"Here's code to add a new feature.” And another bug fix. And another "
+"new feature. And another, and another, and another, until they were pouring "
+"in on me so fast that just making use of all this help I was getting was a "
+"big job. Microsoft doesn't have this problem. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Když jsem poprvé vydal GNU Emacs â vlastnÄ prvnà kousek GNU software,
který "
+"lidé chtÄli použÃvat â a když zaÄal projekt nabÃrat uživatele, za
chvÃli "
+"jsem dostal zprávu âMyslÃm, že jsem vidÄl v zdrojovém kódu chybu a
tady je "
+"oprava.â Potom jsem dostal dalÅ¡Ã zprávu âTady ti posÃlám kód pro
pÅidánà "
+"nového vylepÅ¡enÃ.â A dalÅ¡Ã opravu chyby a dalÅ¡Ã zlepÅ¡enà a dalÅ¡Ã
a dalÅ¡Ã â "
+"až se to na mÄ zaÄalo hrnout tak rychle, že dalo mnoho práce jen
využÃvat to "
+"všechno, co jsem dostával. Microsoft takovýto problém nemá.
<i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Eventually, people noted this phenomenon. You see, in the 1980's a lot of "
+"us thought that maybe free software wouldn't be as good as the nonfree "
+"software, because we wouldn't have as much money to pay people. And, of "
+"course, people like me, who value freedom and community said, “Well, "
+"we'll use the free software anyway.” It's worth making a little "
+"sacrifice in some mere technical convenience to have freedom. But what "
+"people began to note, around 1990 was that our software was actually "
+"better. It was more powerful, and more reliable, than the proprietary "
+"alternatives."
+msgstr ""
+"Nakonec lidé tento jev zaznamenali. V osmdesátých letech si spousta z nás
"
+"myslela, že svobodný software nikdy nebude tak dokonalý jako nesvobodný "
+"software, protože jsme nemÄli tolik penÄz na placenà lidÃ. Lidé jako
já "
+"samozÅejmÄ ÅÃkali âDobÅe, stejnÄ ale použÃvejte svobodný
software.â Je lepÅ¡Ã "
+"uÄinit malou obÄÅ¥ v technické dokonalosti a mÃt svobodu, než opaÄnÄ.
Kolem "
+"roku 1990 si ale lidé zaÄali uvÄdomovat, že svobodný software se
vlastnÄ "
+"stává lepÅ¡Ãm. Bylo to rychlejÅ¡Ã a spolehlivÄjÅ¡Ã než proprietárnÃ
alternativy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the early '90's, somebody found a way to do a scientific measurement of "
+"reliability of software. Here's what he did. He took several sets of "
+"comparable programs that did the same jobs — the exact same jobs "
+"— in different systems. Because there were certain basic Unix-like "
+"utilities. And the jobs that they did, we know, was all, more or less, "
+"imitating the same thing, or they were following the POSIX spec, so they "
+"were all the same in terms of what jobs they did, but they were maintained "
+"by different people, written separately. The code was different. So they "
+"said, OK, we'll take these programs and run them with random data, and "
+"measure how often they crash, or hang. So they measured it, and the most "
+"reliable set of programs was the GNU programs. All the commercial "
+"alternatives which were proprietary software were less reliable. So he "
+"published this and he told all the developers, and a few years later, he did "
+"the same experiment with the newest versions, and he got the same result. "
+"The GNU versions were the most reliable. People — you know there are "
+"cancer clinics and 911 operations that use the GNU system, because it's so "
+"reliable, and reliability is very important to them."
+msgstr ""
+"ZaÄátkem devadesátých let nÄkdo vynalezl způsob, jak vÄdecky mÄÅit "
+"spolehlivost software. Vzal nÄkolik sad srovnatelných programů, které
dÄlaly "
+"tu samou vÄc â pÅesnÄ tu samou vÄc â na různých systémech.
Existovalo mnoho "
+"Unixových systémů. Různé utility dÄlaly to samé, neboÅ¥ vyhovovaly "
+"specifikacÃm POSIX. ProstÄ svým chovánÃm se neliÅ¡ily, ale liÅ¡ily se
tÃm, kdo "
+"je spravoval, byly psány oddÄlenÄ; zdrojový kód byl jiný. Ten způsob
mÄÅenà "
+"spolehlivosti tedy spoÄÃval v tom, že se vzaly tyhle programy a na vstup
jim "
+"byly posÃlána náhodná data. MÄÅilo se, jak Äasto spadnou Äi skonÄÃ
chybou. "
+"Zjistili tehdy, že GNU programy byly nejspolehlivÄjÅ¡Ã. VÅ¡echny
komerÄnà "
+"proprietárnà alternativy byly spolehlivé ménÄ. Tyhle výsledky byly "
+"publikovány a vývojáÅi s nimi byli seznámeni a za pár let pozdÄji se "
+"experiment opakoval s novÄjÅ¡Ãmi verzemi. Výsledek byl stejný, GNU verze
byla "
+"nejspolehlivÄjÅ¡Ã. VÅ¡ak vÃte, že nÄkteré kliniky specializované na
rakovinu, "
+"které použÃvajà GNU systém, protože je tak spolehlivý a právÄ
spolehlivost "
+"je pro nÄ velmi důležitá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | {+Anyway, there's even a group of people who focus on this particular
+# | benefit as the reason they give, the main reason they give, why users
+# | should be permitted to do these various things, and to have these
+# | freedoms. If you've been listening to me, you've noticed, you've seen
+# | that I, speaking for the free software movement,+} I talk about issues of
+# | ethics, and what kind of a society we want to live in, what makes for a
+# | good society, as well as practical, material benefits. They're both
+# | important. That's the free software movement.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I talk about issues of ethics, and what kind of a society we want to live "
+#| "in, what makes for a good society, as well as practical, material "
+#| "benefits. They're both important. That's the free software movement."
+msgid ""
+"Anyway, there's even a group of people who focus on this particular benefit "
+"as the reason they give, the main reason they give, why users should be "
+"permitted to do these various things, and to have these freedoms. If you've "
+"been listening to me, you've noticed, you've seen that I, speaking for the "
+"free software movement, I talk about issues of ethics, and what kind of a "
+"society we want to live in, what makes for a good society, as well as "
+"practical, material benefits. They're both important. That's the free "
+"software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"Mluvil jsem tu o etických záležitostech a nynà mluvÃm o praktických "
+"výhodách. Oba tyto body jsou důležité. To je free software movement."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That other group of people — which is called the open source movement "
+"— they only cite the practical benefits. They deny that this is an "
+"issue of principle. They deny that people are entitled to the freedom to "
+"share with their neighbor and to see what the program's doing and change it "
+"if they don't like it. They say, however, that it's a useful thing to let "
+"people do that. So they go to companies and say to them, “You know, "
+"you might make more money if you let people do this.” So, what you can "
+"see is that to some extent, they lead people in a similar direction, but for "
+"totally different, for fundamentally different, philosophical reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"Je znám i jiný myÅ¡lenkový proud â open source movement â ten se
zamÄÅuje "
+"pouze na ty praktické výhody. PopÃrajÃ, že by to byla záležitost
principu. "
+"PopÃrajÃ, že by lidé mÄli být oprávnÄni mÃt svobodu sdÃlet se svým
bližnÃm, "
+"sledovat co program dÄlá a mÄnit ho, pokud se jim nelÃbÃ. ÅÃkajÃ, že
je "
+"užiteÄná vÄc toto lidem dovolit. Jdou tedy do firmy a ÅÃkajÃ:
âVÃte, mohl "
+"byste vydÄlat vÃce penÄz, pokud lidem dovolÃte tohle.â V urÄité
mÃÅe tak "
+"vedou lidi ke stejnému cÃli, ale s využitÃm úplnÄ odliÅ¡ných
filosofických "
+"důvodů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because on the deepest issue of all, you know, on the ethical question, the "
+"two movements disagree. You know, in the free software movement we say, "
+"“You're entitled to these freedoms. People shouldn't stop you from "
+"doing these things.” In the open source movement, they say, “"
+"Yes, they can stop you if you want, but we'll try to convince them to deign "
+"to let you to do these things.” Well, they have contributed — "
+"they have convinced a certain number of businesses to release substantial "
+"pieces of software as free software in our community. So they, the open "
+"source movement, has contributed substantially to our community. And so we "
+"work together on practical projects. But, philosophically, there's a "
+"tremendous disagreement."
+msgstr ""
+"V hlubÅ¡Ãm kontextu ale tyto dva proudy nesouhlasÃ. Free software movement "
+"ÅÃká âMáte právo mÃt tyto svobody. Nikdo by vám v tomto nemÄl
bránit.â Open "
+"source movement ÅÃká âDobÅe, mohou tÄ zastavit, pokud chtÄjÃ, ale
zkusÃme je "
+"radÅ¡i pÅesvÄdÄit, aby tÄ nechali dÄlat tyhle vÄci.â Také pÅispÄli
svobodnému "
+"software â pÅesvÄdÄili nÄjaké spoleÄnosti, aby vydaly urÄité
Äásti software "
+"jako svobodný software a tÃm pÅispÄli naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ. Open source
movement "
+"výraznÄ pÅispÄl k rozvoji naÅ¡Ã komunity a pracujeme spolu na různých "
+"projektech, ale v naÅ¡Ã a jejich filosofii je obrovský rozdÃl."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, the open source movement is the one that gets the support of "
+"business the most, and so most articles about our work describe it as open "
+"source, and a lot of people just innocently think that we're all part of the "
+"open source movement. So that's why I'm mentioning this distinction. I "
+"want you to be aware that the free software movement, which brought our "
+"community into existence and developed the free operating system, is still "
+"here — and that we still stand for this ethical philosophy. I want "
+"you to know about this, so that you won't mislead someone else unknowingly."
+msgstr ""
+"NaneÅ¡tÄstà zÃskává nejvÃce podpory businessu open source a proto
vÄtÅ¡ina "
+"Älánků nazývá naÅ¡i práci open source a mnoho lidà si zaÄne myslet,
že jsme "
+"prostÄ Äástà open source movement. Proto tu vysvÄtluji ten rozdÃl.
ChtÄl "
+"bych, abyste si uvÄdomili, že free software movement, který umožnil "
+"existenci naÅ¡Ã komunity a umožnil vyvinout svobodný operaÄnà systém je
poÅád "
+"tady â a my poÅád stojÃme za jeho etickou filosofiÃ. Je tÅeba si to "
+"uvÄdomit, abyste pÅÃÅ¡tÄ nepletli lidi vlastnà neznalostÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "But also, so that you can think about where you stand."
+msgstr "Ale mÄli byste to vÄdÄt také proto, abyste vůbec vÄdÄli, kde
jste."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You know, which movement you support is up to you. You might agree with the "
+"free software movements and my views. You might agree with the open source "
+"movement. You might disagree with them both. You decide where you stand on "
+"these political issues."
+msgstr ""
+"Je jen na vás vybrat si, který proud budete podporovat. Můžete souhlasit
s "
+"free software movement a s mými názory. Můžete souhlasit s open source "
+"movement. Můžete nesouhlasit s obÄma. Každý si vybÃrá sám, na jakou
stranu "
+"politických záležitostà se postavÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But if you agree with the free software movement — if you see that "
+"there's an issue here that the people whose lives are controlled and "
+"directed by this decision deserve a say in it — then I hope you'll say "
+"that you agree with the free software movement, and one way you can do that "
+"is by using the term free software and just helping people know we exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Když ale souhlasÃte se svobodným software, tak doufám, že to také
Åeknete, "
+"že souhlasÃte s free software movement, a jedna z cest, jak to můžete
ÅÃci "
+"je použÃvánà termÃnu âsvobodný software.â TÃm budete lidem
alespoŠpomáhat "
+"poznat, že vůbec existujeme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, Freedom Three is very important both practically and psycho-socially. "
+"If you don't have this freedom, it causes practical material harm, because "
+"this community development doesn't happen, and we don't make powerful, "
+"reliable software. But it also causes psycho-social harm, which affects the "
+"spirit of scientific cooperation — the idea that we're working "
+"together to advance human knowledge. You see, progress in science crucially "
+"depends on people being able to work together. And nowadays though, you "
+"often find each little group of scientists acting like it's a war with each "
+"other gang of scientists and engineers. And if they don't share with each "
+"other, they're all held back."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda 3 je velmi důležitá jak prakticky, tak psycho-sociálnÄ. Když
tuto "
+"svobodu nemáte, způsobuje to praktickou a materiálnà škodu, protože
nenÃ-li "
+"tento software vyvÃjen v komunitÄ, nebude výkonný a spolehlivý.
Způsobuje "
+"ale také psycho-sociálnà újmu, která ovlivÅuje ducha vÄdecké
spolupráce â "
+"myÅ¡lenku, že pracujeme spoleÄnÄ na zlepÅ¡enà lidských poznatků.
Pozorujeme, "
+"že pokrok ve vÄdÄ velmi zásadnÄ závisà na tom, jak jsou lidé schopni "
+"pracovat dohromady. Dnes najdete i dost skupinek vÄdců chovajÃcÃch se
jakoby "
+"to byl boj s ostatnÃmi skupinami vÄdců a vývojáÅů. A když spolu
nesdÃlejà "
+"informace, tak se vÅ¡ichni brzdÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So, those are the three freedoms that distinguish free software from
+# | typical software. Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself, making
+# | changes to suit your own needs. Freedom Two is the freedom to help your
+# | neighbor by distributing copies. And Freedom Three is the freedom to help
+# | build your community by making changes and publishing them for other
+# | people to use. If you have all of these freedoms, the program is free
+# | software for you. Now, why do I define it that way in terms of a
+# | particular user? Is it free software for you? {+<i>[Pointing at member of
+# | audience.]</i>+} Is it free software for you? {+<i>[Pointing at another
+# | member of audience.]</i>+} Is it free software for you? {+<i>[Pointing at
+# | another member of audience.]</i>+} Yes?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, those are the three freedoms that distinguish free software from "
+#| "typical software. Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself, making "
+#| "changes to suit your own needs. Freedom Two is the freedom to help your "
+#| "neighbor by distributing copies. And Freedom Three is the freedom to "
+#| "help build your community by making changes and publishing them for other "
+#| "people to use. If you have all of these freedoms, the program is free "
+#| "software for you. Now, why do I define it that way in terms of a "
+#| "particular user? Is it free software for you? Is it free software for "
+#| "you? Is it free software for you? Yes?"
+msgid ""
+"So, those are the three freedoms that distinguish free software from typical "
+"software. Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself, making changes to "
+"suit your own needs. Freedom Two is the freedom to help your neighbor by "
+"distributing copies. And Freedom Three is the freedom to help build your "
+"community by making changes and publishing them for other people to use. If "
+"you have all of these freedoms, the program is free software for you. Now, "
+"why do I define it that way in terms of a particular user? Is it free "
+"software for you? <i>[Pointing at member of audience.]</i> Is it free "
+"software for you? <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</i> Is it "
+"free software for you? <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</i> Yes?"
+msgstr ""
+"Toto jsou tÅi základnà svobody, které odliÅ¡ujà svobodný software od "
+"typického software. Svoboda jedna je svoboda pomoci sám sobÄ, dÄlat
zmÄny "
+"pro svoje potÅeby. Svoboda dvÄ je svoboda pomoci kolegovi distribucÃ
kopiÃ. "
+"A svoboda tÅi je svoboda pomáhat svojà komunitÄ tÃm, že provádÃte
zmÄny a "
+"publikujete, aby je mohli využÃvat i ostatnÃ. Když máte vÅ¡echny tyto "
+"svobody, tak je pro vás ten program svobodným software. ProÄ o tom mluvÃm
"
+"vzhledem k jednomu konkrétnÃmu uživateli? Je to pro vás svobodný
software? "
+"Je to svobodný software pro nÄkoho jiného? Ano?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you explain a bit about the difference "
+"between Freedom Two and Three? <i>[inaudible]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Můžete vysvÄtlit rozdÃl mezi svobodou dvÄ a
tÅi? "
+"[neslyšitelné]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, they certainly relate, because if you don't "
+"have freedom to redistribute at all, you certainly don't have freedom to "
+"distribute a modified version, but they're different activities."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: UrÄitÄ spolu souvisÃ, protože pokud nemáte
vůbec "
+"ani svobodu redistribuovat, tak urÄitÄ nemáte ani svobodu distribuovat "
+"modifikovanou verzi, ale jsou to rozdÃlné Äinnosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Oh."
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Oh."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Freedom Two is, you know, read it, you make an "
+"exact copy, and hand it to your friends, so now your friend can use it. Or "
+"maybe you make exact copies and you sell them to a bunch of people, and then "
+"they can use it."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Svoboda dvÄ je, pÅeÄtÄte si to, udÄláte
pÅesnou "
+"kopii a dáte ji kamarádům, takže oni ji teÄ mohou využÃvat. Nebo
tÅeba "
+"udÄláte pÅesné kopie a potom je prodáváte nÄjaké skupinÄ lidà a tak
oni je "
+"budou moci použÃvat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Three is where you make improvements — or at least you think "
+"they're improvements, and some other people may agree with you. So that's "
+"the difference. Oh, and by the way, one crucial point. Freedoms One and "
+"Three depend on your having access to the source code. Because changing a "
+"binary-only program is extremely hard. <i>[Laughter]</i> Even trivial "
+"changes like using four digits for the date, <i>[Laughter]</i> if you don't "
+"have source. So, for compelling, practical reasons, access to the source "
+"code is a precondition, a requirement, for free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Svoboda tÅi je o vylepÅ¡ovánà â nebo alespoÅ vy si myslÃte, že to
jsou "
+"zlepÅ¡enÃ, nÄkteÅà lidé s vámi možná budou souhlasit. To je ten
rozdÃl. A "
+"mimochodem, jeden velmi podstatný bod. Svoboda jedna a svoboda tÅi závisÃ
na "
+"tom, zda máte pÅÃstup ke zdrojovému kódu, protože mÄnit program v
binárnà "
+"podobÄ je extrémnÄ tÄžké. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Dokonce tak triviálnà vÄci
jako "
+"užità ÄtyÅ ÄÃslic pro datum <i>[SmÃch]</i>… když nemáte
zdrojový kód. "
+"Takže je zÅejmé, že z praktických důvodů je dostupnost zdrojového
kódu "
+"podmÃnkou pro svobodný software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, why do I define it in terms of whether it's free software for <em>you</"
+"em>? The reason is that sometimes the same program can be free software for "
+"some people, and nonfree for others. Now, that might seem like a "
+"paradoxical situation, so let me give you an example to show you how it "
+"happens. A very big example — maybe the biggest ever — of this "
+"problem was the X Window System which was developed at MIT and released "
+"under a license that made it free software. If you got the MIT version with "
+"the MIT license, you had Freedoms One, Two, and Three. It was free software "
+"for you. But among those who got copies were various computer manufacturers "
+"that distributed Unix systems, and they made the necessary changes in X to "
+"run on their systems. You know, probably just a few thousand lines out of "
+"the hundreds of thousands of lines of X. And, then they compiled it, and "
+"they put the binaries into their Unix system and distributed it under the "
+"same non-disclosure agreement as the rest of the Unix system. And then, "
+"millions of people got these copies. They had the X Window System, but they "
+"had none of these freedoms. It was not free software for <em>them</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"ProÄ to tedy definuji tak, jestli je to svobodný software pro
<em>tebe</em>? "
+"NÄjaké programy mohou být nÄkdy totiž svobodné pro nÄkoho a
nesvobodné pro "
+"jiné. To teÄ může vypadat jako paradoxnà situace, ale dám vám
pÅÃklad, jak "
+"se tohle stává. Velký pÅÃklad, možná ten úplnÄ nejvÄtÅ¡Ã pÅÃklad
tohoto "
+"problému je systém X Window , který byl vyvinut na MIT a uvolnÄn pod "
+"licencÃ, která z nÄj dÄlá svobodný software. Když si poÅÃdÃte tu
verzi z MIT "
+"s licencà z MIT, máte svobodu jedna, dvÄ i tÅi. Je to pro vás svobodný "
+"software. Mezi tÄmi, kdo zÃskali kopie, byli ale i různà velcà výrobci,
"
+"kteÅà distribuovali Unixové systémy, a ti v X udÄlali vÅ¡echny
potÅebné zmÄny "
+"tak, aby byla použitelná i na jejich systémech. SamozÅejmÄ, že to bylo "
+"vÄtÅ¡inou jen nÄkolik málo tisÃc Åádků z nÄkolika set tisÃc
celkovÄ. Potom "
+"program zkompilovali, zaÅadili ho do svého systému a distribuovali pod tou
"
+"samou licencà jako celý systém. Miliony lidà tedy dostali takové kopie.
MÄli "
+"X Window, ale nemÄli žádné z tÄch svobod. Nebyl to pro nÄ svobodný
software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the paradox was that whether X was free software depended on where you "
+"made the measurement. If you made the measurement coming out of the "
+"developers' group, you'd say, “I observe all these freedoms. It's "
+"free software.” If you made the measurements among the users you'd "
+"say, “Hmm, most users don't have these freedoms. It's not free "
+"software.” Well, the people who developed X didn't consider this a "
+"problem, because their goal was just popularity, ego, essentially. They "
+"wanted a big professional success. They wanted to feel, “Ah, lots of "
+"people are using our software.” And that was true. Lots of people "
+"were using their software but didn't have freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Paradox byl v tom, že jestli jsou X svobodné záleželo na tom, kde to
budeme "
+"mÄÅit. Když to budete mÄÅit mezi vývojáÅi, Åekli byste: âMajÃ
všechny ty "
+"svobody, je to svobodný softwareâ, ale když to budete mÄÅit mezi
uživateli, "
+"Åeknete: âHmm, vÄtÅ¡ina uživatelů nemá ty svobody. Nenà to svobodný "
+"software.â Lidé, kteÅà vyvÃjeli X tohle nebrali jako problém, protože
oni "
+"chtÄli v podstatÄ jen popularitu â ego. ChtÄli velký profesnÃ
úspÄch. ChtÄli "
+"cÃtit âach, náš software použÃvá hodnÄ lidÃ.â A to byla pravda.
HodnÄ lidà "
+"použÃvalo jejich software, ale nemÄli svobodu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, in the GNU project, if that same thing had happened to GNU software, "
+"it would have been a failure, because our goal wasn't just to be popular; "
+"our goal was to give people liberty, and to encourage cooperation, to permit "
+"people to cooperate. Remember, never force anyone to cooperate with any "
+"other person, but make sure that everybody's allowed to cooperate, everyone "
+"has the freedom to do so, if he or she wishes. If millions of people were "
+"running nonfree versions of GNU, that wouldn't be success at all. The whole "
+"thing would have been perverted into nothing like the goal."
+msgstr ""
+" Kdyby se to samé stalo GNU projektu, byla by to chyba, protože naÅ¡Ãm
cÃlem "
+"nebylo jen být populárnÃ, naÅ¡Ãm cÃlem bylo rozdávat svobodu a
posilovat "
+"spolupráci, dát lidem možnost spolupracovat. Zapamatujte si, nikdy nikoho "
+"nenuÅ¥te spolupracovat s nÄkým jiným, ale zajistÄte, aby mÄl každý
možnost "
+"spolupracovat. Kdyby miliony lidi použÃvali nesvobodnou verzi GNU, nebyl by
"
+"to úspÄch. Hlavnà cÃl by se úplnÄ zhroutil."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, I looked for a way to stop that from happening. The method I came up "
+"with is called “copyleft”. It's called copyleft because it's "
+"sort of like taking copyright and flipping it over. <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"Legally, copyleft works based on copyright. We use the existing copyright "
+"law, but we use it to achieve a very different goal. Here's what we do. We "
+"say, “This program is copyrighted.” And, of course, by default, "
+"that means it's prohibited to copy it, or distribute it, or modify it. But "
+"then we say, “You're authorized to distribute copies of this. You're "
+"authorized to modify it. You're authorized to distribute modified versions "
+"and extended versions. Change it any way you like.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Snažil jsem se najÃt nÄjaký způsob, jak tomu zabránit. PÅiÅ¡el jsem s
metodou "
+"nazývanou âcopyleftâ. Nazývá se to copyleft, protože je to jako
bychom vzali "
+"copyright a pÅevrátili ho naruby. <i>[SmÃch]</i> PrávnÄ je copyleft
založen "
+"na copyrightu. PoužÃváme platné copyrightové právo, ale použÃváme ho
k "
+"dosaženà velmi odliÅ¡ných cÃlů. Åekneme âTenhle program je
copyrightovanýâ. "
+"To implicitnÄ znamená, že je zakázané ho kopÃrovat, distribuovat, "
+"modifikovat. Ale potom Åekneme âMáte povolenà distribuovat kopie,
můžete "
+"program mÄnit. Také můžete distribuovat modifikované a rozÅ¡ÃÅené
verze. "
+"MÄÅte si jej jak chcete.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But there is a condition. And the condition, of course, is the reason why "
+"we go to all this trouble, so that we could put the condition in. The "
+"condition says: Whenever you distribute anything that contains any piece of "
+"this program, that whole program must be distributed under these same terms, "
+"no more and no less. So you can change the program and distribute a "
+"modified version, but when you do, the people who get that from you must get "
+"the same freedom that you got from us. And not just for the parts of it "
+"— the excerpts that you copied from our program — but also for "
+"the other parts of that program that they got from you. The whole of that "
+"program has to be free software for them."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale stanovili jsme jednu podmÃnku. Tahle podmÃnka je to, proÄ jsme
vlastnÄ "
+"použili systém copyrightu a vÅ¡echno tohle kolem. Ta podmÃnka ÅÃká â
kdykoliv "
+"distribuujeÅ¡ cokoliv, co obsahuje nÄjakou Äást naÅ¡eho programu, tak
celý ten "
+"program musà být distribuovaný pod tÄmi samými podmÃnkami. Můžete
tedy "
+"program zmÄnit a distribuovat ho dále, ale kdykoliv to udÄláte, tak
lidé, "
+"kterým ho dáváte, musà dostat ty samé svobody jako jste dostal vy. A
nejen "
+"na ten kousek programu, který je původnÃ, ale na celý program, který "
+"distribujete. Ten program pro nÄ musà být svobodný software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The freedoms to change and redistribute this program become inalienable "
+"rights — a concept from the Declaration of Independence. Rights that "
+"we make sure can't be taken away from you. And, of course, the specific "
+"license that embodies the idea of copyleft is the GNU General Public "
+"License, a controversial license because it actually has the strength to say "
+"no to people who would be parasites on our community."
+msgstr ""
+" Svoboda k modifikovánà a redistribuci se tak stává nezcizitelným
právem â "
+"to je pÅedstava z Deklarace nezávislosti. Jsou to práva, kterými si
můžete "
+"být jisti, že vás o nÄ nikdo nobere. Licence, která ztÄlesÅuje tuto "
+"myÅ¡leanku, je samozÅejmÄ GNU General Public License. GPL je kontroverznà "
+"licence, protože má sÃlu ÅÃci rezolutnà âneâ lidem, kteÅà by
chtÄli "
+"parazitovat na naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are lots of people who don't appreciate the ideals of freedom. And "
+"they'd be very glad to take the work that we have done, and use it to get a "
+"head start in distributing a nonfree program and tempting people to give up "
+"their freedom. And the result would be — you know, if we let people "
+"do that — that we would be developing these free programs, and we'd "
+"constantly have to compete with improved versions of our own programs. "
+"That's no fun."
+msgstr ""
+"Na svÄtÄ je mnoho lidÃ, kteÅà si ideálů svobody necenÃ. Byli bychom
velmi "
+"hodnÃ, pokud bychom dali k dispozici práci, co jsme udÄlali, nÄkomu, kdo
by "
+"na nà postavil svůj nesvobodný program a zaÄal lidi pÅesvÄdÄovat, aby
se "
+"vzdali svých svobod. Výsledkem by bylo, že bychom my tyto programy
vyvÃjeli "
+"a poÅád bychom museli soupeÅit s vylepÅ¡enymi verzemi naÅ¡ich vlastnÃch "
+"programů. To nenà zábava."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, a lot of people also feel — you know, I'm willing to volunteer my "
+"time to contribute to the community, but why should I volunteer my time to "
+"contribute to that company's, to improving that company's, proprietary "
+"program? You know, some people might not even think that that's evil, but "
+"they want to get paid if they're going to do that. I, personally, would "
+"rather not do it at all."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho lidà si také myslÃ, že rád obÄtuji svůj Äas, abych nÄjak
pÅispÄl "
+"veÅejnosti, ale proÄ bych mÄl pÅispÃvat ve svém volném Äase
spoleÄnostem k "
+"tomu, aby vylepÅ¡ili svůj proprietárnà program? NÄkteÅà lidi si ani
nemyslÃ, "
+"že to je Å¡patné, ale když to dÄlajÃ, tak za to chtÄjà dostat
zaplaceno. Já "
+"osobnÄ bych to radÅ¡i nedÄlal vůbec."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But both of these groups of people — both the ones like me who say, "
+"“I don't want to help that nonfree program to get a foothold in our "
+"community” and the ones that say, “Sure, I'd work for them, but "
+"then they better pay me” — both of us have a good reason to use "
+"the GNU General Public License. Because that says to that company, “"
+"You can't just take my work, and distribute it without the freedom.” "
+"Whereas, the non-copyleft licenses, like the X Windows license, do permit "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+"ObÄ tyto skupiny, jak ti co smýšlà podobnÄ jako já, že nechci pomáhat
v našà "
+"komunitÄ proprietárnÃmu software, tak ti, co ÅÃkajà spÃÅ¡e: âjasnÄ,
jasnÄ, "
+"pracoval bych pro nÄ, ale museli by mne lépe platit,â majà dobrý
důvod, proÄ "
+"použÃt GNU GPL. Ta totiž ÅÃká firmÄ, ânemůžete si prostÄ vzÃt
moji práci a "
+"distribuovat ji bez oné svobody.â Necopyleftové licence svobodného
software "
+"to ale dovolujÃ. To je tÅeba pÅÃpad licence X Window."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So that is the big division between the two categories of free software
+# | — license-wise. There are the programs that are copylefted so that
+# | the license defends the freedom of the software for every user. And there
+# | are the non-copylefted programs for which nonfree versions are allowed.
+# | {+Somebody <em>can</em> take those programs and strip off the freedom.
+# | You may get that program in a nonfree version.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So that is the big division between the two categories of free software "
+#| "— license-wise. There are the programs that are copylefted so that "
+#| "the license defends the freedom of the software for every user. And "
+#| "there are the non-copylefted programs for which nonfree versions are "
+#| "allowed."
+msgid ""
+"So that is the big division between the two categories of free software "
+"— license-wise. There are the programs that are copylefted so that "
+"the license defends the freedom of the software for every user. And there "
+"are the non-copylefted programs for which nonfree versions are allowed. "
+"Somebody <em>can</em> take those programs and strip off the freedom. You "
+"may get that program in a nonfree version."
+msgstr ""
+"Existuje velký rozdÃl mezi tÄmito dvÄma kategoriemi svobodného software.
"
+"Existujà copyleftované programy, takže licence ochraÅuje to, aby zÃskal "
+"svobodu každý uživatel. Oproti tomu necopyleftované programy majÃ
dovolenu i "
+"nesvobodnou distribuci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And that problem exists today. There are still nonfree versions of X "
+"Windows being used on our free operating systems. There is even hardware "
+"— which is not really supported — except by a nonfree version of "
+"X Windows. And that's a major problem in our community. Nonetheless, I "
+"wouldn't say that X Windows is a bad thing, you know. I'd say that the "
+"developers did not do the best possible thing that they could have done. "
+"But they <em>did</em> release a lot of software that we could all use."
+msgstr ""
+"A dnes na ten problém narážÃme, PoÅád existujà nesvobodné verze X
Window a "
+"jsou použÃvány na naÅ¡em svobodném operaÄnÃm systému.Existuje dokonce
i "
+"hardware, který je podporován pouze nesvobodnými verzemi svobodného "
+"software. A to je v naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ velký problém. Mohl bych ÅÃci, že
jsou X "
+"Window Å¡patná vÄc, že vývojáÅi neudÄlali to nejlepÅ¡Ã, co mohli
udÄlat, ale "
+"oni ve skuteÄnosti napsali spoustu software, který jsme mohli vÅ¡ichni "
+"použÃvat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You know, there's a big difference between less than perfect, and evil. "
+"There are many gradations of good and bad. We have to resist the temptation "
+"to say, if you didn't do the absolute best possible thing, then you're no "
+"good. You know, the people that developed X Windows made a big contribution "
+"to our community. But there's something better that they could have done. "
+"They could have copylefted parts of the program and prevented those freedom-"
+"denying versions from being distributed by others."
+msgstr ""
+"Znáte to, je velký rozdÃl mezi ménÄ dokonalým a Å¡patným. Existuje
mnoho "
+"stupÅů mezi dobrým a Å¡patným. MusÃme odolat pokuÅ¡enà ÅÃci
âneudÄlali jste to "
+"úplnÄ nejlepÅ¡Ã, tak nejste dobÅÃ.â Lidé, kteÅà vyvinuli X Window,
našà "
+"komunitÄ pÅispÄli velkým dÃlem. NÄco ale mohli udÄlat i lépe. Mohli "
+"copyleftovat Äásti progamu a tak zabránit tÄm svobodu-odepÃrajÃcÃm
verzÃm v "
+"distribuovánà ostatnÃmi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, the fact that the GNU General Public License defends your freedom, uses "
+"copyright law to defend your freedom, is, of course, why Microsoft is "
+"attacking it today. See, Microsoft would really like to be able to take all "
+"the code that we wrote and put it into proprietary programs, have somebody "
+"make some improvements, or even just incompatible changes is all they need. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Fakt, že GNU GPL ochraÅuje vaÅ¡i svobodu s využitÃm copyrightu, je také "
+"pÅÃÄinou toho, proÄ na ni Microsoft dnes útoÄÃ. PodÃvejte, Microsoft
by byl "
+"velmi rád, pokud by mÄl možnost vzÃt vÅ¡echen kód a zaÅadit ho do
svého "
+"proprietárnÃho software. PotÅebujà jen to, aby nÄkdo vytvoÅil pár
zmÄn a "
+"ânekompatibilnÃch vylepÅ¡enÃ.â <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You know, with Microsoft's marketing clout, they don't need to make it "
+"better to have their version supplant ours. They just have to make it "
+"different and incompatible. And then, put it on everybody's desktop. So "
+"they really don't like the GNU GPL. Because the GNU GPL won't let them do "
+"that. It doesn't allow “embrace and extend”. It says, if you "
+"want to share our code in your programs, you can. But, you've got to share "
+"and share alike. The changes that you make we have to be allowed to share. "
+"So, it's a two-way cooperation, which is real cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+"S jejich marketingem nepotÅebujà naÅ¡i verzi pÅevýšit technicky, aby ji
s nà "
+"nahradili. StaÄà jim udÄlat ji jinou a nekompatibilnÃ. Pak ji rozÅ¡ÃÅÃ
na "
+"desktopy. Proto nemajà rádi GNU GPL, protože ta jim to nedovolÃ. GPL "
+"nedovoluje âsvázat a rozÅ¡ÃÅit.â ÅÃká, že pokud chcete sdÃlet
kód našich "
+"programů, můžete. Ale musÃte sdÃlet a sdÃlet stejnÄ. VylepÅ¡enÃ,
která "
+"vytvoÅÃte, se musejà dát Å¡ÃÅit dál. Je to dvoucestná spolupráce,
opravdová "
+"spolupráce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many companies — even big companies like IBM and HP are willing to use "
+"our software on this basis. IBM and HP contribute substantial improvements "
+"to GNU software. And they develop other free software. But, Microsoft "
+"doesn't want to do that, so they give it out that businesses just can't deal "
+"with the GPL. Well, if businesses don't include IBM, and HP and SUN, then "
+"maybe they're right. <i>[Laughter]</i> More about that later."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho spoleÄnostÃ, i tÄch velkých jako IBM a HP, chce náš software
použÃvat "
+"i za tÄchto podmÃnek. IBM i HP podstatnÄ pÅispÃvajà do GNU software a "
+"vyvÃjejà i jiný svobodný software. Microsoft ale nechce, takže tvrdÃ,
že "
+"obchod se nemůže s GNU GPL vypoÅádat. Jestli business nezahrnuje IBM, HP
a "
+"Sun, tak možná majà pravdu. Microsoft to ale nechce. <i>[SmÃch]</i> O tom
si "
+"povÃme jeÅ¡tÄ pozdÄji."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I should finish the historical story. You see, we set out in 1984 not just "
+"to write some free software but to do something much more coherent: to "
+"develop an operating system that was entirely free software. So that meant "
+"we had to write piece after piece after piece. Of course, we were always "
+"looking for shortcuts. The job was so big that people said we'd never be "
+"able to finish. And, I thought that there was at least a chance that we'd "
+"finish it but, obviously, it's worth looking for shortcuts. So we kept "
+"looking around. Is there any program that somebody else has written that we "
+"could manage to adapt, to plug into here, and that way we won't have to "
+"write it from scratch? For instance, the X Window system. It's true it "
+"wasn't copylefted, but it was free software, so we could use it."
+msgstr ""
+"MÄl bych dokonÄit tu historii. NechtÄli jsme tedy tehdy v roce 1984 jen
psát "
+"nÄjaký svobodný software, ale nÄco mnohem kompletnÄjÅ¡Ãho. ChtÄli jsme
"
+"vyvinout celý svobodný operaÄnà systém. To znamená, že jsme museli "
+"postupovat kousek po kousku. Vždycky jsme samozÅejmÄ hledali zkratky. Bylo
"
+"to tolik práce, že lidé pochybovali, zda to budeme nÄkdy schopni
dokonÄit. "
+"ÅÃkal jsem si, že tu byla minimálnÄ Å¡ance na dokonÄenÃ, ale je
samozÅejmÄ "
+"vždy lepÅ¡Ã hledat zkratky. RozhlÞeli jsme se tedy, zda již neexistujÃ
"
+"nÄjaké programy od nÄkoho jiného, které bychom mohli zapojit do GNU,
nebo "
+"nÄjak pÅizpůsobit, abychom to nemuseli psát celé znovu. NaÅ¡li jsme
napÅÃklad "
+"X Window systém. Je pravda, že nebyl copyleftovaný, ale byl to svobodný "
+"software a tak jsme jej mohli použÃt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, I had wanted to put a window system into GNU from day one. I wrote a "
+"couple of window systems at MIT before I started GNU. And so, even though "
+"Unix had no window system in 1984, I decided that GNU would have one. But, "
+"we never ended up writing a GNU window system, because X came along. And I "
+"said, Goody! One big job we don't have to do. We'll use X. So I basically "
+"said, let's take X, and put it into the GNU system. And we'll make the "
+"other parts of GNU, you know, work with X, when appropriate. And we found "
+"other pieces of software that had been written by other people, like the "
+"text formatter TeX, some library code from Berkeley. At that time there was "
+"Berkeley Unix, but it was not free software. This library code, initially, "
+"was from a different group at Berkeley, that did research on floating "
+"point. And, so, we kept, we fit in these pieces."
+msgstr ""
+"Vložit do GNU nÄjaký okennà systém jsem chtÄl od prvnÃch chvil.
JeÅ¡tÄ než "
+"jsem zaÄal na GNU pracovat, tak jsem jich na MIT napsal nÄkolik. A proto i "
+"pÅes skuteÄnost, že Unix tehdy žádný nemÄl, jsem se rozhodl, že GNU
by "
+"nÄjaký mÃt mÄlo. Nikdy jsme ale náš GNU Windows System nedokonÄili,
protože "
+"pÅiÅ¡ly X Window. Nemuseli jsme tak pracovat na jedné velké úloze a tak
jsme "
+"vzali X Window a zaÅadili je do GNU. Rozhodli jsme se postarat, aby ostatnÃ
"
+"Äásti GNU pracovaly s X. NaÅ¡li jsme i jiný software, tÅeba sázecÃ
systém "
+"TeX, nÄjaké knihovny z Berkley. Existoval tehdy Berkeley Unix, ale nebyl "
+"svobodný. Tento kód byl ale od jiné skupiny z Berkley, která tehdy
provádÄla "
+"nÄjaký výzkum na plovoucà desetinné Äárce. Tak jsme se dohodli, že
tyto "
+"Äásti použijeme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In October 1985, we founded the Free Software Foundation. So please note, "
+"the GNU project came first. The Free Software Foundation came after, about "
+"almost two years after the announcement of the Project. And the Free "
+"Software Foundation is a tax-exempt charity that raises funds to promote the "
+"freedom to share and change software. And in the 1980's, one of the main "
+"things we did with our funds was to hire people to write parts of GNU. And "
+"essential programs, such as the shell and the C library were written this "
+"way, as well as parts of other programs. The <code>tar</code> program, "
+"which is absolutely essential, although not exciting at all <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i> was written this way. I believe GNU grep was written this way. And so, "
+"we're approaching our goal."
+msgstr ""
+"V ÅÃjnu 1985 jsme založili Nadaci pro svobodný software (Free Software "
+"Foundation). VÅ¡imnÄte si prosÃm, že projekt GNU tu byl dÅÃve, než se
na "
+"scénÄ objevila nadace. Skoro dva roky po oznámenà projektu. Nadace pro "
+"svobodný software je organizace osvobozená od danÃ, která sbÃrá
prostÅedky "
+"za úÄelem nabÃdnutà svobody sdÃlet a upravovat software. V osmdesátých
"
+"letech bylo jednou z hlavnÃch vÄcÃ, kterou jsme financovali, najÃmánÃ
lidà "
+"na psanà Äástà GNU. Takto byly vytvoÅeny jak Äásti různých
programů, tak "
+"také základnà programy jako Shell a knihovna pro C. Program <code>tar</"
+"code>, který je naprosto podstatný, aÄ ne pÅÃliÅ¡ vzruÅ¡ujÃcÃ, byl
také napsán "
+"takto. MyslÃm, že i GNU grep byl takto vytvoÅen. BlÞÃme se tak naÅ¡emu
cÃli."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By 1991, there was just one major piece missing, and that was the kernel. "
+"Now, why did I put off the kernel? Probably because it doesn't really matter "
+"what order you do the things in, at least technically it doesn't. You've "
+"got to do them all anyway. And partly because I'd hoped we'd be able to "
+"find a start at a kernel somewhere else. And we did. We found Mach, which "
+"had been developed at Carnegie Mellon. And it wasn't the whole kernel; it "
+"was the bottom half of the kernel. So we had to write the top half, but I "
+"figured, you know, things like the file system, the network code, and so "
+"on. But running on top of Mach they're running essentially as user "
+"programs, which ought to make them easier to debug. You can debug with a "
+"real source-level debugger running at the same time. And so, I thought that "
+"way we'd be able to get these, the higher level parts of the kernel, done in "
+"a short time. It didn't work out that way. These asynchronous, multi-"
+"threaded processes, sending messages to each other turned out to be very "
+"hard to debug. And the Mach-based system that we were using to bootstrap "
+"with had a terrible debugging environment, and it was unreliable, and "
+"various problems. It took us years and years to get the GNU kernel to work."
+msgstr ""
+"V roce 1991 již chybÄla jen jedna velká Äást a to byl kernel. ProÄ jsem
"
+"kernel odložil? Protože ve skuteÄnosti nenà podstatné, v jakém poÅadÃ
vÄci "
+"dÄláte. MinimálnÄ technicky to podstatné nenÃ. Tak jako tak je musÃte
udÄlat "
+"vÅ¡echny. ÄásteÄnÄ také proto, že jsem doufal, že budeme moci použÃt
nÄco, co "
+"najdeme nÄkde jinde. A také jsme naÅ¡li. NaÅ¡li jsme Mach, který byl
vyvÃjen "
+"na Carnegie Mellon. Zbývalo napsat druhou polovinu â souborový systém, "
+"sÃÅ¥ový kód a tak dále. Pokud jsou ale spouÅ¡tÄny nad Machem, chovajÃ
se skoro "
+"jako uživatelské progamy, které se vÄtÅ¡inou lépe ladÃ. Můžete je
debugovat s "
+"opravdovým debugerem na úrovni kódu v reálném Äase. ÅÃkal jsem si
tedy, že "
+"takto se nám podaÅà zÃskat vyÅ¡Å¡Ã Äásti jádra v pomÄrnÄ krátkém
Äase. Ale "
+"nefungovalo to tak, jak jsme oÄekávali. Tyto asynchronnà vÃcevláknové "
+"procesy posÃlajÃcà si mezi sebou zprávy, se nakonec ukázaly jako velmi
tÄžko "
+"laditelné. Systém založený na Machu, který jsme použÃvali jako
zavadÄÄ, mÄl "
+"pÅÃÅ¡erné debugovacà prostÅedÃ, byl nespolehlivý a trpÄl jeÅ¡tÄ
dalÅ¡Ãmi "
+"problémy. Zabralo nám roky, než jsme jej zprovoznili."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, fortunately, our community did not have to wait for the GNU kernel. "
+"Because in 1991, Linus Torvalds developed another free kernel called Linux. "
+"And he used the old-fashioned monolithic design and it turns out that he got "
+"his working much faster than we got ours working. So maybe that's one of "
+"the mistakes that I made: that design decision. Anyway, at first, we didn't "
+"know about Linux, because he never contacted us to talk about it. Although "
+"he did know about the GNU Project. But he announced it to other people and "
+"other places on the net. And so other people then did the work of combining "
+"Linux with the rest of the GNU system to make a complete free operating "
+"system. Essentially, to make the GNU plus Linux combination."
+msgstr ""
+"NaÅ¡e komunita ale naÅ¡tÄstà nemusela Äekat na GNU kernel, protože v roce
1991 "
+"vyvinul Linus Torvalds jiný svobodný kernel, nazývaný Linux. Použil "
+"zastaralý monolitický design, který se nakonec osvÄdÄil a tak mÄl hotov
svůj "
+"kernel mnohem dÅÃve, než my ten náš. Možná je to jedna z chyb, kterou
jsem "
+"udÄlal, chyba v designu. Na zaÄátku jsme o Linuxu nevÄdÄli, protože
nás "
+"nikdy nekontaktoval a neÅekl nám o tom i pÅesto, že o projektu GNU
vÄdÄl. "
+"Oznámil to ale jiným lidem na jiných mÃstech v sÃti a tak zkombinovali
GNU s "
+"Linuxem tito lidé. VpodstatÄ tak vytvoÅili kombinaci GNU plus Linux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, they didn't realize that's what they were doing. You see, they said, "
+"We have a kernel — let's look around and see what other pieces we can "
+"find to put together with the kernel. So, they looked around — and lo "
+"and behold, everything they needed was already available. What good "
+"fortune, they said. <i>[Laughter]</i> It's all here. We can find "
+"everything we need. Let's just take all these different things and put it "
+"together, and have a system."
+msgstr ""
+"NeuvÄdomili si ale, co vlastnÄ dÄlali. Åekli si, že majà kernel a
dÃvali se "
+"kolem po nÄjakých vÄcech, které by s nÃm mohli dát dohromady.
SpatÅili, že "
+"vÅ¡echno co potÅebujà již existuje. Jaká náhoda, zvolali. [Laughter] Už
to tu "
+"vÅ¡echno je. Máme tu vÅ¡echno co potÅebujeme. Vezmeme vÅ¡echny tyhle vÄci,
dáme "
+"je dohromady a máme systém. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They didn't know that most of what they found was pieces of the GNU system. "
+"So they didn't realize that they were fitting Linux into the gap in the GNU "
+"system. They thought they were taking Linux and making a system out of "
+"Linux. So they called it a Linux system."
+msgstr ""
+"NevÄdÄli, že vÄtÅ¡ina toho co naÅ¡li, byly Äásti GNU. NeuvÄdomovali si
tedy, "
+"že zasouvajà Linux do dÃry v systému GNU. Mysleli si, že berou Linux a
stavà "
+"na nÄm systém. Nazvali ho tedy Linux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can't hear you — what?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: NeslyÅ¡Ãm vás â prosÃm?</p>\n"
+"<p>[PravdÄpodobnÄ otázka na to, zda se nezachoval projekt GNU stejnÄ,
když "
+"si bral X a Mach. Zda také nezmÄnil jméno na GNU bez nÄjakého odkazu na
tyto "
+"projekty â pozn. prekl.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, it's just not — you know, it's "
+"provincial."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ne, to prostÄ nenÃ… pÅiÅ¡lo to zvenku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: But it's more good fortune then finding X and "
+"Mach?"
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Ale bylo to lepÅ¡Ã, než najÃt X a Mach?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. The difference is that the people who "
+"developed X and Mach didn't have the goal of making a complete free "
+"operating system. We're the only ones who had that. And, it was our "
+"tremendous work that made the system exist. We actually did a larger part "
+"of the system than any other project. No coincidence, because those people "
+"— they wrote useful parts of the system. But they didn't do it "
+"because they wanted the system to be finished. They had other reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: DobÅe. RozdÃl je v tom, že lidé, kteÅÃ
vyvÃjeli X "
+"a Mach to nedÄlali proto, aby vyvinuli kompletnà operaÄnà systém. To
jsme "
+"dÄlali pouze my. A stálo za tÃm ohromnÄ moc práce. Vyvinuli jsme
vÄtÅ¡Ã Äást "
+"systému než jakýkoliv jiný projekt. Nenà to to samé, protože tihle
lidé "
+"vyvinuli užiteÄné souÄásti systému. Ale nedÄlali to proto, aby
vyvinuli "
+"kompletnà systém. MÄli jiné důvody."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now the people who developed X — they thought that designing across "
+"the network window system would be a good project, and it was. And it "
+"turned out to help us make a good free operating system. But that's not "
+"what they hoped for. They didn't even think about that. It was an "
+"accident. An accidental benefit. Now, I'm not saying that what they did "
+"was bad. They did a large free software project. That's a good thing to "
+"do. But they didn't have that ultimate vision. The GNU Project is where "
+"that vision was."
+msgstr ""
+"Lidi, které vyvÃjeli X, napadlo, že by bylo dobré implementovat okennà "
+"systém pracujÃcà po sÃti a že by to mohlo mÃt úspÄch. A mÄlo.
Nakonec to "
+"dopadlo tak, že nám to pomohlo v tvorbÄ svobodného operaÄnÃho systému.
Ale "
+"to nebyl původnà úÄel. Byla to spÃÅ¡e náhoda. Nechci tÃm ÅÃci, že
to co "
+"udÄlali bylo Å¡patné. UdÄlali velký svobodný projekt. To je dobrá vÄc.
Ale "
+"nehledÄli až nakonec, jak to dÄlal projekt GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, so, we were the ones whose — every little piece that didn't get "
+"done by somebody else, we did it. Because we knew that we wouldn't have a "
+"complete system without it. And even if it was totally boring and "
+"unromantic, like <code>tar</code> or <code>mv</code>. <i>[Laughter]</i> We "
+"did it. Or <code>ld</code>, you know there's nothing very exciting in "
+"<code>ld</code> — but I wrote one. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I did make "
+"efforts to have it do a minimal amount of disk I/O so that it would be "
+"faster and handle bigger programs. But, you know, I like to do a good job. "
+"I like to improve various things about the program while I'm doing it. But "
+"the reason that I did it wasn't that I had brilliant ideas for a better "
+"<code>ld</code>. The reason I did it is that we needed one that was free. "
+"And we couldn't expect anyone else to do it. So, we had to do it, or find "
+"someone to do it."
+msgstr ""
+" A tak jsme to byli my, kdo musel udÄlat každý kousek, který neudÄlal
nikdo "
+"jiný, protože jsme vÄdÄli, že bez toho bychom nemÄli kompletnÃ
systém. A "
+"dokonce i když to bylo úplnÄ nudné a neromantické jako napÅÃklad
<code>ld</"
+"code> nebo <code>mv</code>. <i>[SmÃch]</i> UdÄlali jsme to. Nebo ld, vÅ¡ak "
+"vÃte, že na <code>ld</code> nenà nic moc zajÃmavého â ale napsal jsem
jej. "
+"<i>[SmÃch]</i> A dal jsem si práci s tÃm, aby potÅeboval co nejmenÅ¡Ã
poÄet I/"
+"O operacÃ, aby mohl pracovat rychleji a s vÄtÅ¡Ãmi programy. Ale znáte
mÄ, "
+"rád dÄlám dobrou práci. Rád do programu pÅidám různá zlepÅ¡enÃ,
když na nÄm "
+"dÄlám, ale důvod, proÄ jsem to dÄlal nebyl v tom, že jsem mÄl nÄjaký
"
+"geniálnà nápad na lepÅ¡Ã <code>ld</code>. PotÅebovali jsme nÄjaké
svobodné ld "
+"a nemohli jsme oÄekávat, že to udÄlá nÄkdo jiný. Museli jsme to tedy
udÄlat "
+"my nebo najÃt nÄkoho, kdo to udÄlá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, although at this point thousands of people in projects have contributed "
+"to this system, there is one project which is the reason that this system "
+"exists, and that's the GNU Project. It <em>is</em> basically the GNU "
+"System, with other things added since then."
+msgstr ""
+"Do systému pÅispÄly tisÃce lidÃ, ale je tu i projekt, který je
důvodem, proÄ "
+"systém existuje, a to je projekt GNU. VpodstatÄ to <em>je</em> systém GNU,
"
+"spoleÄnÄ s ostatnÃmi vÄcmi, které do nÄj byly pÅidány."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, however, the practice of calling the system Linux has been a great blow "
+"to the GNU Project, because we don't normally get credit for what we've "
+"done. I think Linux, the kernel, is a very useful piece of free software, "
+"and I have only good things to say about it. But, well, actually, I can "
+"find a few bad things to say about it. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, basically, I "
+"have good things to say about it. However, the practice of calling the GNU "
+"system, Linux, is just a mistake. I'd like to ask you please to make the "
+"small effort necessary to call the system GNU/Linux, and that way to help us "
+"get a share of the credit."
+msgstr ""
+"Systém se ale zaÄal nazývat Linux a to bylo pro projekt GNU velkou ránou,
"
+"protože takto lidé ani nevÃ, co jsme udÄlali. MyslÃm si, že Linux,
kernel, "
+"je velmi užiteÄný svobodný software. Mohu o nÄm mluvit jen v dobrém.
No, "
+"vlastnÄ… napadá mnÄ pouze velmi málo Å¡patných vÄcÃ, které
bych o nÄm "
+"mohl ÅÃci. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Ale v podstatÄ o nÄm mohu ÅÃkat jen dobré
vÄci. Na "
+"druhou stranu, nazývánà GNU systému Linuxem je jen omyl. Poprosil bych
vás, "
+"dejte si tu malou námahu a nazývejte systém GNU/Linux a pomozte nám k
tomu, "
+"abychom za nÄj mohli sdÃlet kredit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You need a mascot! Get yourself a stuffed animal! "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+" <strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: PotÅebujete maskota! NajdÄte si nÄjaké
zvÃÅe! "
+"<i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We have one."
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: My jej máme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You do?"
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Máte?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We have an animal — a gnu. <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i> Anyway. So, yes, when you draw a penguin, draw a gnu next to it. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> But, let's save the questions for the end. I have more to "
+"go through."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Máme zvÃÅe â gnu [gnu v angliÄtinÄ znamená
"
+"âpakůÅâ â pozn. pÅekl.]. <i>[SmÃch]</i> V každém pÅÃpadÄ,
pokud budete "
+"kreslit tuÄÅáka, nakreslete vedle nÄj pakonÄ. <i>[SmÃch]</i> Nechme si
ale "
+"otázky na konec. Mám tu jeÅ¡tÄ nÄco, co bych chtÄl vysvÄtlit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, why am I so concerned about this? You know, why do I think it is worth "
+"bothering you and perhaps giving you a, perhaps lowering your opinion of me, "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> to raise this issue of credit? Because, you know, some "
+"people when I do this, some people think that it's because I want my ego to "
+"be fed, right? Of course, I'm not saying — I'm not asking you to call "
+"it “Stallmanix,” right? <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"ProÄ mi o to tolik jde? ProÄ si myslÃm, že stojà za to vás zde
otravovat a "
+"možná zhorÅ¡ovat váš názor na mÄ <i>[SmÃch]</i> s tÃm, že zde se
zabývám "
+"touto otázkou, kdo by mÄl dostat uznánà za projekt? Protože, vÅ¡ak to
znáte, "
+"když to dÄlám, tak nÄkteÅà lidé ÅÃkajÃ, že jen chci nasytit svoje
ego. "
+"SamoÅejmÄ, neÅÃkám, nevyzývám vás, neprosÃm vás, abyste systém
nazývali "
+"âStallmanix,â ok? <i>[SmÃch] [potlesk]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I'm asking you to call it GNU, because I want the GNU Project to get "
+"credit. And there's a very specific reason for that, which is a lot more "
+"important than anybody getting credit, in and of itself. You see, these "
+"days, if you look around in our community most of the people talking about "
+"it and writing about it don't ever mention GNU, and they don't ever mention "
+"these goals of freedom — these political and social ideals, either. "
+"Because the place they come from is GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"ProsÃm vás, abyste jej nazývali GNU, protože chci, aby projekt GNU
zÃskal "
+"uznánÃ. Existuje jeden velmi dobrý důvod, který je o hodnÄ
důležitÄjÅ¡Ã než "
+"to, zda bude nÄjakému jednotlivci pÅipsáno uznánÃ. Když se dnes
rozhlédnete, "
+"vÄtÅ¡ina lidÃ, kteÅà o tom mluvà a pÃÅ¡Ã vůbec nezmiÅuje GNU, ani
jeho cÃle, "
+"svobodu â tyto politické a sociálnà myÅ¡lenky. MÃsto odkud vzeÅ¡ly je
GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The ideas associated with Linux — the philosophy is very different. "
+"It is basically the apolitical philosophy of Linus Torvalds. So, when "
+"people think that the whole system is Linux, they tend to think: “Oh, "
+"it must have been all started by Linux Torvalds. His philosophy must be the "
+"one that we should look at carefully”. And when they hear about the "
+"GNU philosophy, they say: “Boy, this is so idealistic, this must be "
+"awfully impractical. I'm a Linux-user, not a GNU-user.” "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Myšlenky spojené s Linuxem, jeho filosofie, jsou velmi odlišné. Je to
hlavnÄ "
+"apolitická filosofie Linuse Torvaldse. Když si lidé myslÃ, že ten
systém je "
+"Linux, vÄtÅ¡inou si myslÃ: âJasnÄ, musel to odstartovat Linus Torvalds.
MÄli "
+"bychom se zabývat jeho filosofiÃ.â A když pak slyÅ¡Ã o filosofii GNU,
tak "
+"ÅÃkajÃ: âHochu, to je straÅ¡nÄ idealistické, to musà být ohromnÄ
nepraktické. "
+"Já použÃvám Linux, ne GNU.â <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What irony! If they only knew! If they knew that the system they liked "
+"— or, in some cases, love and go wild over — is our idealistic, "
+"political philosophy made real."
+msgstr ""
+"Ta ironie. Kdyby vÄdÄli! Kdyby jen vÄdÄli, že ten systém, který se jim
tak "
+"lÃbÃ, je naÅ¡e idealistická, politická filosofie pÅevedená do reality."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They still wouldn't have to agree with us. But at least they'd see a reason "
+"to take it seriously, to think about it carefully, to give it a chance. "
+"They would see how it relates to their lives. You know, if they realized, "
+"“I'm using the GNU system. Here's the GNU philosophy. This philosophy "
+"is <em>why</em> this system that I like very much exists,” they'd at "
+"least consider it with a much more open mind. It doesn't mean that "
+"everybody will agree. People think different things. That's OK. You know, "
+"people should make up their own minds. But I want this philosophy to get "
+"the benefit of the credit for the results it has achieved."
+msgstr ""
+"I tak by s námi nemuseli souhlasit, ale aspoÅ by mÄli důvod bár nás
vážnÄ, "
+"poÅádnÄ o tom pÅemýšlet, dát tomu Å¡anci. AspoÅ by vidÄli, jak se to
vztahuje "
+"k jejich životům. Kdyby pÅemýšleli âPoužÃvám systém GNU. Tady je
filosofie "
+"GNU. Ta filosofie je <em>důvod</em>, proÄ systém, který mám tak rád, "
+"existuje,â tak by se k naÅ¡im myÅ¡lenkám aspoÅ stavÄli s mnohem
otevÅenÄjÅ¡Ã "
+"myslÃ. To neznamená, že bude každý souhlasit. Lidé si myslà různé
vÄci. To "
+"je vpoÅádku. Lidé by si mÄli sami vytváÅet názory. Ale chci, aby tato "
+"filosofie mÄla výhodu z uznánà výsledků práce, kterých dosáhla."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you look around in our community, you'll find that almost everywhere, the "
+"institutions are calling the system Linux. You know, reporters mostly call "
+"it Linux. It's not right, but they do. The companies mostly say it that "
+"package the system. Oh, and most of these reporters, when they write "
+"articles, they usually don't look at it as a political issue, or social "
+"issue. They're usually looking at it purely as a business question or what "
+"companies are going to succeed more or less, which is really a fairly minor "
+"question for society. And, if you look at the companies that package the "
+"GNU/Linux system for people to use, well, most of them call it Linux. And "
+"they <em>all</em> add nonfree software to it."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud se rozhlédnete, uvidÃte, že skoro vÅ¡ude to instituce nazývajÃ
Linux, "
+"stejnÄ jako novináÅi. Nenà to správnÄ, ale oni to dÄlajÃ.
SpoleÄnosti ten "
+"balÃk také nazývajà systémem. Ani vÄtÅ¡ina novináÅů, když pÃÅ¡Ã
Älánky, se na "
+"to nedÃvá jako na politickou a sociálnà otázku. VÄtÅ¡inou se na vÄc
dÃvajà "
+"jako na ÄistÄ obchodnà otázku, což je pro spoleÄnost o dost ménÄ
podstatná "
+"vÄc. Když se podÃváte na spoleÄnosti, které prodávajà distribuce
GNU/Linuxu "
+"lidem, vÄtÅ¡ina z nich je také nazývá Linuxem. A <em>vÅ¡echny</em> k
nÄmu "
+"pÅidávajà nesvobodný software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | See, the GNU GPL says that if you take code, and some code out of a
+# | GPL-covered program, and add some more code to make a bigger program, that
+# | whole program has to be released under the GPL. But you could put other
+# | separate programs on the same disk (of either kind, hard disk, or CD), and
+# | they can have other licenses. That's considered mere aggregation, and,
+# | essentially, just distributing two programs to somebody at the same time
+# | is not something we have any say over. So, in fact, it is not true
+# | — sometimes, I wish it were true — that if a company uses a
+# | GPL-covered program in a product that the whole product has to be free
+# | software. It's [-not.-] {+not — it doesn't go to that range —
+# | that scope.+} It's the whole program. If there are two separate programs
+# | that communicate with each other at arm's length — like by sending
+# | messages to each other — then, they're legally separate, in general.
+# | So, these companies, by adding nonfree software to the system, are giving
+# | the users, philosophically and politically, a very bad idea. They're
+# | telling the users, “It is OK to use nonfree software. We're even
+# | putting it on this as a bonus.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See, the GNU GPL says that if you take code, and some code out of a GPL-"
+#| "covered program, and add some more code to make a bigger program, that "
+#| "whole program has to be released under the GPL. But you could put other "
+#| "separate programs on the same disk (of either kind, hard disk, or CD), "
+#| "and they can have other licenses. That's considered mere aggregation, "
+#| "and, essentially, just distributing two programs to somebody at the same "
+#| "time is not something we have any say over. So, in fact, it is not true "
+#| "— sometimes, I wish it were true — that if a company uses a "
+#| "GPL-covered program in a product that the whole product has to be free "
+#| "software. It's not. It's the whole program. If there are two separate "
+#| "programs that communicate with each other at arm's length — like by "
+#| "sending messages to each other — then, they're legally separate, in "
+#| "general. So, these companies, by adding nonfree software to the system, "
+#| "are giving the users, philosophically and politically, a very bad idea. "
+#| "They're telling the users, “It is OK to use nonfree software. "
+#| "We're even putting it on this as a bonus.”"
+msgid ""
+"See, the GNU GPL says that if you take code, and some code out of a GPL-"
+"covered program, and add some more code to make a bigger program, that whole "
+"program has to be released under the GPL. But you could put other separate "
+"programs on the same disk (of either kind, hard disk, or CD), and they can "
+"have other licenses. That's considered mere aggregation, and, essentially, "
+"just distributing two programs to somebody at the same time is not something "
+"we have any say over. So, in fact, it is not true — sometimes, I wish "
+"it were true — that if a company uses a GPL-covered program in a "
+"product that the whole product has to be free software. It's not — it "
+"doesn't go to that range — that scope. It's the whole program. If "
+"there are two separate programs that communicate with each other at arm's "
+"length — like by sending messages to each other — then, they're "
+"legally separate, in general. So, these companies, by adding nonfree "
+"software to the system, are giving the users, philosophically and "
+"politically, a very bad idea. They're telling the users, “It is OK to "
+"use nonfree software. We're even putting it on this as a bonus.”"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU GPL sice tvrdÃ, že pokud si vezmete nÄjaký kód z GPL programů a
pÅidáte "
+"k nÄmu nÄjaký svůj vlastnà kód, musÃte tento program také vydat pod
GNU GPL. "
+"Můžete ale dát na jeden disk (jakýkoliv, aÅ¥ již CD-ROM, harddisk Äi
jiný) "
+"vÃce oddÄlených programů s různými licencemi. Je to pouhé
seskupovánÃ. "
+"Distribuce dvou programů jednomu ÄlovÄku v tom samém Äase nenà nÄco,
do Äeho "
+"bychom mi mohli mluvit. ObÄas bych si pÅál, aby byla pravda, že pokud "
+"spoleÄnost distribuuje nÄjaký produkt spoleÄnÄ s GPL software, musà i
tento "
+"produkt být svobodným software. Nenà to ale tak. NejvÄtÅ¡Ã možná
Å¡ÃÅe je "
+"samotný program. Pokud existujà dva programy, které spolu pracujà âna
dosah "
+"ruky,â napÅ. zasÃlánÃm zpráv, jsou právnÄ naprosto samostatné.
PÅidávánÃm "
+"tohoto nesvobodného software do distribuce pÅedávajà uživatelům velmi
špatné "
+"filosofické a politické myÅ¡lenky. ÅÃkajà uživatelům: âJe vpoÅádku
použÃvat "
+"nesvobodný software. Dáváme ho sem jen jako bonus.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you look at the magazines about the use of the GNU/Linux system, most of "
+"them have a title like “Linux-something or other”. So they're "
+"calling the system Linux most of the time. And they're filled with ads for "
+"nonfree software that you could run on top of the GNU/Linux system. Now "
+"those ads have a common message. They say: Nonfree Software Is Good For "
+"You. It's So Good That You Might Even <em>Pay</em> To Get It. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Když se podÃváte na Äasopisy o GNU/Linuxu, stÄžà uvidÃte nÄjaký s
názvem GNU/"
+"Linux, vÄtÅ¡inou majà v názvu Linux-nÄco. VÄtÅ¡inou tedy nazývajÃ
systém "
+"Linux. Bývajà pÅeplnÄné reklamami na nesvobodný software bÄžÃcà na
GNU/"
+"Linuxu. Tyto reklamy se vÄtÅ¡inou zamÄÅujà na stejné poselstvÃ.
ÅÃkajÃ: "
+"âNesvobodný software je pro vás dobrý. Je tak dobrý, že byste za nÄj
mÄli "
+"dokonce <em>platit</em>.â <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And they call these things “value-added packages”, which makes a "
+"statement about their values. They're saying: Value practical convenience, "
+"not freedom. And, I don't agree with those values, so I call them “"
+"freedom-subtracted packages”. <i>[Laughter]</i> Because if you have "
+"installed a free operating system, then you now are living in the free "
+"world. You enjoy the benefits of liberty that we worked for so many years "
+"to give you. Those packages give you an opportunity to buckle on a chain."
+msgstr ""
+"Nazývajà tento software âbalÃÄky s pÅidanou hodnotou.â ÅÃkajÃ:
âVažte si "
+"vhodnosti pro praxi, ne svobody.â Já s tÄmito hodnotami nesouhlasÃm,
takže "
+"je nazývám âo svobodu obrané balÃÄky.â <i>[SmÃch]</i> Jestli jste
si "
+"instalovali svobodný operaÄnà systém, žijete ve svodoném svÄtÄ.
Můžete si "
+"užÃvat výhod svobody, pro které jsme tolik let pracovali. Tyto balÃÄky
vám "
+"dávajà možnost utáhnout si kolem sebe ÅetÄzy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And then if you look at the trade shows — about the use of the, "
+"dedicated to the use of, the GNU/Linux system, they all call themselves "
+"“Linux” shows. And they're filled with booths exhibiting "
+"nonfree software, essentially putting the seal of approval on the nonfree "
+"software. So, almost everywhere you look in our community, the institutions "
+"are endorsing the nonfree software, totally negating the idea of freedom "
+"that GNU was developed for. And the only place that people are likely to "
+"come across the idea of freedom is in connection with GNU, and in connection "
+"with free software, the term, free software. So this is why I ask you: "
+"please call the system GNU/Linux. Please make people aware where the system "
+"came from and why."
+msgstr ""
+"A koneÄnÄ, pokud se podÃváte na nÄjaké obchodnà show vÄnované
použÃvánà "
+"systému GNU-Linux, vÅ¡echny se nazývajà âLinux show.â Ukazujà jak
svobodný "
+"software, tak nesvobodný software, a tak vlastnÄ speÄeÅ¥ujà správnost
užÃvánà "
+"nesvobodného software. TémÄÅ kamkoliv se v naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ podÃváte,
instituce "
+"schvalujà nesvobodný software, ÄÃmž úplnÄ negujà myÅ¡lenky na
svobodu, kvůli "
+"kterým GNU vzniklo. A jediné mÃsto, kde zÅejmÄ lidé pÅijdou do styku s
"
+"naÅ¡imi ideemi a svobodou, je projekt GNU â ve spojenà se svobodným
software. "
+"Proto vás žádám: prosÃm, nazývejte systém âGNU/Linux.â VysvÄtlete
takto tÄm "
+"lidem, odkud systém vzeÅ¡el a proÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, just by using that name, you won't be making an explanation of "
+"the history. You can type four extra characters and write GNU/Linux; you "
+"can say two extra syllables. But, GNU/Linux is fewer syllables than Windows "
+"2000. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, you're not telling them a lot, but you're "
+"preparing them, so that when they hear about GNU, and what it's all about, "
+"they'll see how that connects to them and their lives. And that, "
+"indirectly, makes a tremendous difference. So please help us."
+msgstr ""
+"Pouhým použÃvánÃm toho jména samozÅejmÄ nebudete automaticky
vysvÄtlovat "
+"historii. Můžete napsat o ÄtyÅi znaky vÃce, vyslovit o dvÄ slabiky
vÃce. GNU/"
+"Linux je ale poÅád jeÅ¡tÄ ménÄ slabik než Windows 2000. <i>[SmÃch]</i>
"
+"NeÅÃkáte jim tÃm moc, ale pÅipravujete je, takže když pÅÃÅ¡tÄ
uslyÅ¡Ã o GNU â "
+"a o tom to je â budou vÄdÄt, jak se jich to týká. A v tom je obrovský "
+"rozdÃl. Pomozte nám tedy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You'll note that Microsoft called the GPL an “open source "
+"license”. They don't want people to be thinking in terms of freedom "
+"as the issue. You'll find that they invite people to think in a narrow way, "
+"as consumers, and, of course, not even think very rationally as consumers, "
+"if they're going to choose Microsoft products. But they don't want people "
+"to think as citizens or statesmen. That's inimical to them. At least it's "
+"inimical to their current business model."
+msgstr ""
+"UrÄitÄ jste zaznamenali, že Microsoft nazval GPL âopen source
licencÃ.â "
+"NechtÄjÃ, aby o tom lidé pÅemýšleli v souvislosti se svobodou. SnažÃ
se "
+"pÅesvÄdÄit uživatele, aby o tom pÅemýšleli v omezených souvislostech,
jen "
+"jako konzumenti. (A samozÅejmÄ ani konzumenti nepÅemýšlejà pÅÃliÅ¡ "
+"racionálnÄ, když si vyberou produkty Microsoftu.) NechtÄjÃ, aby o vÄci
lidé "
+"pÅemýšleli jako obÄané Äi politici. To se jim nehodÃ. PÅinejmenÅ¡Ãm
je to "
+"nepÅátelské jejich obchodnÃmu modelu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, how does free software…well, I can tell you about how free "
+"software relates to our society. A secondary topic that might be of "
+"interest to some of you is how free software relates to business. Now, in "
+"fact, free software is <em>tremendously</em> useful for business. After "
+"all, most businesses in the advanced countries use software. Only a tiny "
+"fraction of them develop software."
+msgstr ""
+"A teÄ jak svobodný software… ok, mohu vám ÅÃci jak souvisÃ
svobodný "
+"software s naÅ¡Ã spoleÄnostÃ. Druhé téma, které by nás mohlo zajÃmat
je, jak "
+"souvisà svobodný software s obchodem. Ve skuteÄnosti je totiž svobodný "
+"software pro obchod <em>ohromnÄ</em> užiteÄný. Konec konců, vÄtÅ¡ina "
+"obchodnÃků ve vyspÄlých zemÃch svobodný software použÃvá. Pouze
malý zlomek "
+"software také vyvÃjÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And free software is tremendously advantageous for any company that uses "
+"software, because it means that you're in control. Basically, free software "
+"means the users are in control of what the program does. Either "
+"individually, if they care enough to be, or, collectively, when they care "
+"enough to be. Whoever cares enough can exert some influence. If you don't "
+"care, you don't buy. Then you use what other people prefer. But, if you do "
+"care, then you have some say. With proprietary software, you have "
+"essentially no say."
+msgstr ""
+"A svobodný software je velmi výhodný pro spoleÄnost, která software
použÃvá, "
+"protože má nad nÃm kontrolu. Uživatelé majà kontrolu nad tÃm, co
program "
+"dÄlá. BuÄ individuálnÄ, pokud chtÄjÃ, Äi kolektivnÄ, pokud chtÄjÃ.
Každý, "
+"koho to zajÃmá, může uplatnit jistý vliv. Pokud vás to nezajÃmá,
nekoupÃte "
+"to. Budete použÃvat to, co majà rádi ostatnÃ. Ale pokud vás to
zajÃmá, máte "
+"jistý hlas. U proprietárnÃho software skoro žádný hlas nemáte."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With free software, you can change what you want to change. And it doesn't "
+"matter that there are no programmers in your company; that's fine. You "
+"know, if you wanted to move the walls in your building, you don't have to be "
+"a carpentry company. You just have to be able to go find a carpenter and "
+"say, “What will you charge to do this job?” And if you want to "
+"change around the software you use, you don't have to be a programming "
+"company. You just have to go to a programming company and say, “What "
+"will you charge to implement these features? And when will you have it done?"
+"” And if they don't do the job, you can go find somebody else."
+msgstr ""
+"U svobodného software si můžete zmÄnit, co chcete zmÄnit. NevadÃ, že
ve vašà "
+"spoleÄnosti nemáte žádné programátory, to je vpoÅádku. Kdybyste
chtÄli "
+"pÅedÄlat stÄny vaÅ¡Ã budovy, nemusÃte být truhláÅská spoleÄnost,
musÃte mÃt "
+"možnost jÃt, najÃt nÄjakou truhláÅskou spoleÄnost a ÅÃct jim, aby to
pro vás "
+"udÄlali. Když potÅebujete nÄjakou zmÄnu ve vaÅ¡em software, nemusÃte
být "
+"programátorská spoleÄnost, staÄà vám do nÄjaké zajÃt a ÅÃct:
âKolik chcete "
+"za implementovánà téhle vÄci a kdy by to bylo hotovo?â A pokud by to "
+"odmÃtli, můžete si najÃt nÄkoho jiného."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's a free market for support. So, any business that cares about "
+"support will find a tremendous advantage in free software. With proprietary "
+"software, support is a monopoly, because one company has the source code, or "
+"maybe a small number of companies that paid a gigantic amount of money have "
+"the source code, if it's Microsoft's shared source program, but, it's very "
+"few. And so, there aren't very many possible sources of support for you. "
+"And that means, that unless you're a real giant, they don't care about you. "
+"Your company is not important enough for them to care if they lose your "
+"business, or what happens. Once you're using the program, they figure "
+"you're locked in to getting the support from them, because to switch to a "
+"different program is a gigantic job. So, you end up with things like paying "
+"for the privilege of reporting a bug. <i>[Laughter]</i> And once you've "
+"paid, they tell you, “Well, OK, we've noted your bug report. And in a "
+"few months, you can buy an upgrade, and you can see if we've fixed it."
+"” <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Je tu volný trh. Jakýkoliv business, který se zajÃmá o podporu, najde ve
"
+"svobodném software velkou výhodu. S proprietárnÃm software jste
odkázáni s "
+"podporou na monopol. Pouze jedna spoleÄnost má zdrojový kód a možná
pár "
+"jiných si ho jeÅ¡tÄ koupilo za obrovské penÃze, pokud se jedná o
Microsoft "
+"shared source. Ale tÄch je velmi málo. Nemáte moc na výbÄr u koho si "
+"zajistit podporu. To znamená, že pokud nejste opravdový gigant, tak je "
+"nezajÃmáte. VaÅ¡e spoleÄnost pro nÄ vÄtÅ¡inou nenà dostateÄnÄ
významná, aby je "
+"zajÃmalo, zda vás neztratÃ. Jak jednou použÃváte nÄjaký program, je
jim "
+"jasné, že nemáte jinou možnost, než zÃskávat podporu od nich, protože
pÅejÃt "
+"na jiný software by pÅineslo mnoho komplikacÃ. Nakonec si budete platit za
"
+"privilegium oznámit chybu. <i>[SmÃch]</i> A když si zaplatÃte, Åeknou
vám: "
+"âDobÅe, ok, zaznamenali jsme vaÅ¡e oznámenà chyby v naÅ¡em produktu. Za
pár "
+"mÄsÃců si budete moci koupit upgrade a podÃvat se, zda jsme to
opravili.â "
+"<i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Support providers for free software can't get away with that. They have to "
+"please the customers. Of course, you can get a lot of good support gratis. "
+"You post your problem on the Internet. You may get an answer the next day. "
+"But that's not guaranteed, of course. If you want to be confident, you "
+"better make an arrangement with a company and pay them. And this is, of "
+"course, one of the ways that free software business works."
+msgstr ""
+"Poskytovatelé podpory pro svobodný software si s tÃmto nevystaÄÃ. MusÃ
se o "
+"zákaznÃky starat. SamozÅejmÄ můžete zÃskat mnoho dobré podpory i
zdarma, "
+"zaslánÃm dotazu na internet. Možná dostanete odpovÄÄ pÅÃÅ¡tà den,
ale to nenà "
+"samozÅejmÄ jisté. Pokud chcete mÃt jistotu, mÄli byste se spÃÅ¡
dohodnout s "
+"nÄjakou spoleÄnostà a platit jim za to. A to je jedna z cest, jak může "
+"pracovat obchod založený na svobodném software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another advantage of free software for businesses that use software is "
+"security and privacy. And this applies to individuals as well, but I "
+"brought it up in the context of businesses. You see, when a program is "
+"proprietary, you can't even tell what it really does."
+msgstr ""
+"DalÅ¡Ã výhodou svobodného software pro obchod je bezpeÄnost a soukromÃ.
To "
+"platà samozÅejmÄ i pro jednotlivce, ale teÄ o tom budu hovoÅit v
souvislosti "
+"s obchodem. Když je program proprietárnÃ, tak nemůžete ani s jistotou
ÅÃci "
+"co vlastnÄ dÄlá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It could have features, deliberately put in that you wouldn't like if you "
+"knew about them, like it might have a backdoor to let the developer get into "
+"your machine. It might snoop on what you do and send information back. "
+"This is not unusual. Some Microsoft software did this. But it's not only "
+"Microsoft. There are other proprietary programs that snoop on the user. "
+"And you can't even tell if it does this. And, of course, even assuming that "
+"the developer's totally honest, every programmer makes mistakes. There "
+"could be bugs that affect your security which are nobody's fault. But the "
+"point is: If it's not free software, you can't find them. And you can't fix "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+" Může mÃt vlastnosti, které byste opravdu nemÄli rádi, kdybyste o nich "
+"vÄdÄli. Program by mohl mÃt tÅeba backdoor, který dovolà vývojáÅi
dostat se "
+"do vaÅ¡eho stroje. Byl by tÅeba schopen sledovat vaÅ¡i Äinnost a odesÃlat "
+"informace zpÄt. To nenà neobvyklé. Software Microsoftu to dÄlá, ale
nenà to "
+"pouze Microsoft. DÄlajà to i jiné programy. Nemůžete ani ÅÃci, jestli
to "
+"dÄlá tohle. A nemůžete ani spoléhat na to, že programátor je naprosto "
+"poctivý, každý programátor dÄlá chyby. V programu se mohou vyskytovat
chyby, "
+"které ohrozà vaÅ¡i bezpeÄnost, ale nikdo je úmyslnÄ nezavinil.
Podstatné ale "
+"je, že pokud to nenà svobodný software, nemůžete je najÃt a nemůžete
je ani "
+"opravit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nobody has the time to check the source of every program he runs. You're "
+"not going to do that. But with free software there's a large community, and "
+"there are people in that community who are checking things. And you get the "
+"benefit of their checking, because if there's an accidental bug, there "
+"surely are, from time to time, in any program, they might find it and fix "
+"it. And people are much less likely to put in a deliberate Trojan horse, or "
+"a snooping feature, if they think they might get caught. The proprietary "
+"software developers figure they won't get caught. They'll get away with it "
+"undetected. But a free software developer has to figure that people will "
+"look at that and see it's there. So, in our community, we don't feel we can "
+"get away with ramming a feature down the users' throats that the users "
+"wouldn't like. So we know that if the users don't like it, they'll make a "
+"modified version which doesn't have it. And then, they'll all start using "
+"that version."
+msgstr ""
+"Nikdo nemá Äas, aby si provÄÅoval zdrojové kódy každého programu,
který "
+"použÃvá. Nebudete to dÄlat. Ale svobodný software je vÄtÅ¡Ã komunita a
jsou v "
+"nà i lidé, kteÅà vÄci kontrolujÃ. A vy můžete z té jejich kontroly
tÄžit. "
+"Když se vyskytne nÄjaká nechtÄná chyba (a ona se Äas od Äasu vyskytne
v "
+"každém programu), mohou ji najÃt a opravit. Je mnohem ménÄ
pravdÄpodobnÄjÅ¡Ã, "
+"že by lidé dali do svého software trojského konÄ Äi nÄjaký
odposlouchávacà "
+"kód, když si myslÃ, že mohou být chyceni. VývojáÅi proprietárnÃho
software "
+"vÃ, že chyceni nebudou. Projde jim to, nikdo to nezjistÃ. Ale vývojáŠ"
+"svobodného software musà poÄÃtat s tÃm, že lidé se budou koukat a
uvidÃ, "
+"jestli to tam je. Ve svobodném software nemůžeme do programů zabudovávat
"
+"vÄci, které by se uživatelům nelÃbily, protože pokud bychom to
udÄlali, "
+"vytvoÅili by si verzi, ve které by to nebylo. VÅ¡ichni by brzo zaÄali "
+"použÃvat tuto verzi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | In fact, we can all reason enough, we can all figure this out enough steps
+# | ahead, that we probably won't put in that feature. After all, you're
+# | writing a free program; you want people to like your version; you don't
+# | want to put in a thing that you know a lot of people are going to hate,
+# | and have another modified version catch on instead of yours. So you just
+# | realize that the user is king in the world of free software. [-You-]
+# | {+In the world of proprietary software, the customer is <em>not</em> king.
+# | Because you+} are only a customer. You have no say in the software you
+# | use.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In fact, we can all reason enough, we can all figure this out enough "
+#| "steps ahead, that we probably won't put in that feature. After all, "
+#| "you're writing a free program; you want people to like your version; you "
+#| "don't want to put in a thing that you know a lot of people are going to "
+#| "hate, and have another modified version catch on instead of yours. So "
+#| "you just realize that the user is king in the world of free software. "
+#| "You are only a customer. You have no say in the software you use."
+msgid ""
+"In fact, we can all reason enough, we can all figure this out enough steps "
+"ahead, that we probably won't put in that feature. After all, you're "
+"writing a free program; you want people to like your version; you don't want "
+"to put in a thing that you know a lot of people are going to hate, and have "
+"another modified version catch on instead of yours. So you just realize "
+"that the user is king in the world of free software. In the world of "
+"proprietary software, the customer is <em>not</em> king. Because you are "
+"only a customer. You have no say in the software you use."
+msgstr ""
+"Když pÃÅ¡ete svobodný program, chcete, aby mÄli lidé rádi vaÅ¡i
verzi.Nebudete "
+"do programu zabudovávat vÄc, o které si myslÃte, že ji bude mnoho lidà "
+"nenávidÄt a budou si instalovat jiné verze mÃsto té vaÅ¡Ã. ProstÄ si
jen "
+"uvÄdomÃte, že ve svÄtÄ svobodného software je králem uživatel. Ve
svÄtÄ "
+"proprietárnÃho software to tak nenÃ, tam jste jenom zákaznÃkem a
nemůžete do "
+"vývoje nijak mluvit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In this respect, free software is a new mechanism for democracy to operate. "
+"Professor Lessig, now at Stanford, noted that code functions as a kind of "
+"law. Whoever gets to write the code that just about everybody uses for all "
+"intents and purposes is writing the laws that run people's lives. With free "
+"software, these laws get written in a democratic way. Not the classical "
+"form of democracy — we don't have a big election and say, “"
+"Everybody vote which way should this feature be done.” <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i> Instead we say, basically, those of you who want to work on implementing "
+"the feature this way, do it. And if you want to work on implementing the "
+"feature that way, do it. And, it gets done one way or the other, you know? "
+"And so, if a lot of people want it this way, it'll get done this way. So, "
+"in this way, everybody contributes to the social decision by simply taking "
+"steps in the direction that he wants to go."
+msgstr ""
+"V tomto ohledu je svobodný software nový obor, ktde je možné zavést "
+"demokracii. Profesor Lessig, který je teÄ ve Stanfordu, chytÅe poznamenal,
"
+"že kód programů se chová podobnÄ jako zákony. Ten, kdo vytváÅÃ
software, jež "
+"použÃvá vÄtÅ¡ina lidà a to k různým úÄelům, ten vlastnÄ pÃÅ¡e
zákony, podle "
+"kterých se budou ÅÃdit lidské životy. Se svobodným software mohou tyto "
+"zákony vzniknout demokraticky. Nenà sice ta klasická forma demokracie, "
+"nebudou velké volby a referendum âjak by mÄla být implementována tahle
vÄc?â "
+"<i>[SmÃch]</i> MÃsto toho dáme možnost vÅ¡em, kteÅà by na implementaci
této "
+"funkce chtÄli pracovat. Když budete chtÃt tu funkci nÄjakým způsobem "
+"naprogramovat, udÄlejte to. BuÄ se to udÄlá tak, nebo nÄjak jinak, to
nenà "
+"podstatné. Když to lidi budou chtÃt nÄjakým způsobem, udÄlá se to
tak. Takto "
+"každý pÅispÃvá do veÅejných rozhodnutà tÃm, že prostÄ dÄlá vÄci
tak, jak je "
+"chce dÄlat on."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And you're free to take as many steps, personally, as you want to take. A "
+"business is free to commission as many steps as they find useful to take. "
+"And, after you add all these things up, that says which direction the "
+"software goes."
+msgstr ""
+"Můžete uÄinit kolik kroků chcete. Obchod může také udÄlat tolik
kroků, kolik "
+"pro nÄj bude užiteÄné. A až vÅ¡echna tato vylepÅ¡enà pÅidáte,
urÄÃte tÃm, jak "
+"by mÄl software dále pokraÄovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And it's often very useful to be able to take pieces out of some existing "
+"program, presumably usually large pieces, of course, and then write a "
+"certain amount of code of your own, and make a program that does exactly "
+"what you need, which would have cost you an arm and a leg to develop, if you "
+"had to write it all from scratch, if you couldn't cannibalize large pieces "
+"from some existing free software package."
+msgstr ""
+"Äasto je velmi užiteÄné mÃt možnost vzÃt si Äásti z již
existujÃcÃch "
+"programů â vÄtÅ¡inou jsou to velké Äásti â a potom dopsat zbytek
kódu sám. "
+"VytvoÅÃte tak program, který dÄlá pÅesnÄ to, co potÅebujete, ale
který byste "
+"vyvÃjeli vÄky, kdybyste to museli dÄlat od zaÄátku, kdybyste nemohli "
+"vykuchat již existujÃcà svobodné programy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another thing that results from the fact that the user is king is that we "
+"tend to be very good about compatibility and standardization. Why? Because "
+"users like that. Users are likely to reject a program that has gratuitous "
+"incompatibilities in it. Now, sometimes there's a certain group of users "
+"which actually have a need for a certain kind of incompatibility, and then "
+"they'll have it. That's OK. But when users want is to follow a standard, we "
+"developers have to follow it, and we know that. And we do it. By contrast, "
+"if you look at proprietary software developers, they often find it "
+"advantageous to deliberately <em>not</em> follow a standard, and not because "
+"they think that they're giving the user an advantage that way, but rather "
+"because they're imposing on the user, locking the user in. And you'll even "
+"find them making changes in their file formats from time to time, just to "
+"force people to get the newest version."
+msgstr ""
+"Jiná výhoda plynoucà z toho, že králem je uživatel, je fakt, že
software pak "
+"bývá velmi dobÅe kompatibilnà a standardizovaný. ProÄ? Protože to
majà rádi "
+"uživatelé. Uživatelé pravdÄpodobnÄ zamÃtnou program, který by byl
výraznÄ "
+"nekompatibilnÃ. ObÄas se sice objevà skupinka lidÃ, která z nÄjakých "
+"specifických důvodů potÅebuje nÄjaký druh nekompatibility, majà ji
mÃt, to "
+"je vpoÅádku, ale pokud chtÄjà uživatelé následovat standardy,
vývojáÅi to "
+"musà respektovat. A my to respektujeme. Na druhé stranÄ vývojáÅi "
+"proprietárnÃho software Äasto úmyslnÄ <em>ignorujÃ</em> standardy
proto, "
+"protože je to pro nÄ výhodné. Nenà to proto, že by tÃm nÄjak chtÄli
pomoci "
+"uživatelům, ale spÃÅ¡e proto, že je tak mohou omezovat. Mohou je
uzamknout ve "
+"svém produktu. Dokonce Äas od Äasu i schválnÄ mÄnà formáty souborů,
aby "
+"donutili uživatele zakoupit novÄjÅ¡Ã verzi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Archivists are finding a problem now, that files written on computers ten "
+"years ago often can't be accessed; they were written with proprietary "
+"software that's essentially lost now. If it were written with free "
+"software, then it could be brought up-to-date and run. And those things "
+"would not, those records would not be lost, would not be inaccessible. They "
+"were even complaining about this on NPR recently in citing free software as "
+"a solution. And so, in effect, by using a nonfree program to store your own "
+"data, you are putting your head in a noose."
+msgstr ""
+"ArchiváÅi se stÅetávajà s problémem, protože soubory napsané na
poÄÃtaÄi "
+"pÅed deseti lety již nejsou pÅÃstupné. Byly vytvoÅeny s proprietárnÃm
"
+"software, který je dnes již ztracen. Kdyby to bylo napsáno se svobodným "
+"software, mohli bychom jej oprášit a znovu spustit. Staré záznamy by tedy
"
+"nebyly ztraceny, nebyly by nedostupné. StÄžovali si na to dokonce NPR a "
+"zmiÅovali svobodný software jako ÅeÅ¡enÃ. Pokud ukládáte svá data s "
+"proprietárnÃm software, vpodstatÄ strkáte hlavu do oprátky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, I've talked about how free software affects most business. But how does "
+"it affect that particular narrow area which is software business? Well, the "
+"answer is mostly not at all. And the reason is that 90% of the software "
+"industry, from what I'm told, is development of custom software, software "
+"that's not meant to be released at all. For custom software, this issue, or "
+"the ethical issue of free or proprietary, doesn't arise. You see, the issue "
+"is, are you users free to change, and redistribute, the software? If there's "
+"only one user, and that user owns the rights, there's no problem. That user "
+"<em>is</em> free to do all these things. So, in effect, any <em>custom</em> "
+"program that was developed by one company for use in-house is free software, "
+"as long as they have the sense to insist on getting the source code and all "
+"the rights."
+msgstr ""
+"Mluvil jsem o tom, jak souvisà svobodný software s vÄtÅ¡inou obchodnÃch "
+"ÄinnostÃ. Jak se ale dotýká úzké oblasti softwarového businessu?
VÄtÅ¡inou "
+"vůbec nijak. Důvodem je, že 90% softwarového průmyslu (aspoŠtak mi to
bylo "
+"ÅeÄeno) tvoÅà vývoj na zakázku. Software, který nenà vůbec urÄen k "
+"zveÅejnÄnÃ. Takového software se vůbec etické otázky svobody Äi
vlastnictvà "
+"software netýkajÃ. Jak jsem již Åekl, ta otázka je, zda majÃ
uživatelé "
+"svobodu modifikovat a redistribuovat program. Pokud existuje jenom jeden "
+"uživatel a ten má tato práva, žádný problém v tom nenÃ. Ten uživatel
<em>má</"
+"em> svobodu dÄlat tyto vÄci. Ve skuteÄnosti je <em>jakýkoliv</em> program
"
+"vyvinutý softwarovou spoleÄnostà pro nÄjaké konkrétnà použità ve
firmÄ "
+"svobodným software. SamozÅejmÄ za pÅedpokladu, že tato firma trvala na "
+"pÅedánà zdrojových kódů a vÅ¡ech práv."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And the issue doesn't really arise for software that goes in a watch or a "
+"microwave oven or an automobile ignition system. Because those are places "
+"where you don't download software to install. It's not a real computer, as "
+"far as the user is concerned. And so, it doesn't raise these issues enough "
+"for them to be ethically important. So, for the most part, the software "
+"industry will go along, just as it's been going. And the interesting thing "
+"is that since such a large fraction of the jobs are in that part of the "
+"industry, even if there were no possibilities for free software business, "
+"the developers of free software could all get day jobs writing custom "
+"software. <i>[Laughter]</i> There's so many; the ratio is so big."
+msgstr ""
+"Tento problém se také netýká software, který je v hodinkách,
mikrovlnné "
+"troubÄ Äi software, který ovládá elektroniku motoru v autÄ. To jsou
pÅÃpady, "
+"kde nebudete downloadovat a instalovat. Z pohledu uživatele se nejedná o "
+"opravdový poÄÃtaÄ. Tyto etické otázky tedy nejsou v daném kontextu tak
"
+"důležité. NejvÄtÅ¡Ã Äást softwarového průmyslu bude tedy nedotÄenÄ
pokraÄovat "
+"dále tak jako dÅÃve. ZajÃmavé na tom je, že jelikož je velký zlomek "
+"zamÄstnánà v softwarovém průmyslu právÄ v tÄchto odvÄtvÃch, tak i
kdyby "
+"neexistovalo nic jako business založený na svobodném software, mohli by si
"
+"programátoÅi vydÄlávat takto, psanÃm software na zakázku.
<i>[SmÃch]</i> Je "
+"jich mnoho, ten pomÄr je velký."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, as it happens, there is free software business. There are free "
+"software companies, and at the press conference that I'm going to have, "
+"people from a couple of them will join us. And, of course, there are also "
+"companies which are <em>not</em> free software businesses but do develop "
+"useful pieces of free software to release, and the free software that they "
+"produce is substantial."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale je tomu tak, že existuje obchod založený na svobodném software. "
+"SpoleÄnosti se svobodným software existujÃ. Na následujÃcà tiskové "
+"konferenci se objevà lidé z nÄkolika takových spoleÄnostÃ. Existujà "
+"samozÅejmÄ také spoleÄnosti, které nejsou <em>na</em> svobodném
software "
+"založené, ale vyvÃjejà i užiteÄný svobodný software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, how do free software businesses work? Well, some of them sell copies. "
+"You know, you're free to copy it but they can still sell thousands of copies "
+"a month. And others sell support and various kinds of services. I, "
+"personally, for the second half of the '80's, I sold free software support "
+"services. Basically I said, for $200 an hour, I'll change whatever you want "
+"me to change in GNU software that I'd written. And, yes, it was a stiff "
+"rate, but if it was a program that I was the author of, people would figure "
+"that I might get the job done in a lot fewer hours. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I "
+"made a living that way. In fact, I'd made more than I'd ever made before. "
+"I also taught classes. And I kept doing that until 1990, when I got a big "
+"prize and I didn't have to do it any more."
+msgstr ""
+"Jak to chodà v obchodÄ založeném na svobodném software? No nÄkdo tÅeba
"
+"prodává kopie. Máte možnost si program zkopÃrovat, ale i tak mohou
prodat "
+"tisÃce kopià mÄsÃÄnÄ. Jiné zase zprostÅedkovávajà různé služby.
Já jsem v "
+"druhé polovinÄ osmdesátých let také prodával podporu ke svobodnému
software. "
+"VpodstatÄ jsem Åekl, že za 200 dolarů za hodinu zmÄnÃm v GNU software,
který "
+"jsem napsal, co budete chtÃt. To byla velmi tvrdá taxa, ale to se
vztahovalo "
+"k programům, které jsem já sám napsal a lidé si uvÄdomovali, že já tu
práci "
+"mohu udÄlat podstatnÄ rychleji. <i>[SmÃch]</i> VydÄlával jsem si tak na "
+"živobytÃ. Ve skuteÄnosti jsem si vydÄlal vÃce než kdykoliv pÅedtÃm.
Také "
+"jsem uÄil. To jsem dÄlal až do roku 1990, kdy jsem dostal velkou cenu a "
+"nemusel jsem se tÃm již zabývat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, 1990 was when the first corporation free software business was formed, "
+"which was Cygnus Support. And their business was to do, essentially, the "
+"same kind of thing that I'd been doing. I certainly could have worked for "
+"them, if I had needed to do that. Since I didn't need to, I felt it was "
+"good for the movement if I remained independent of any one company. That "
+"way, I could say good and bad things about the various free software and "
+"nonfree software companies, without a conflict of interest. I felt that I "
+"could serve the movement more. But, if I had needed that to make a living, "
+"sure, I would have worked for them. It's an ethical business to be in. No "
+"reason I would have felt ashamed to take a job with them. And that company "
+"was profitable in its first year. It was formed with very little capital, "
+"just the money its three founders had. And it kept growing every year and "
+"being profitable every year until they got greedy, and looked for outside "
+"investors, and then they messed things up. But it was several years of "
+"success, before they got greedy."
+msgstr ""
+"V roce 1990 také vznikla prvnà spoleÄnost, která mÄla obchodovat v
oblasti "
+"svobodného software. Jmenovala se Cygnus Support. Náplnà práce bylo
pÅesnÄ "
+"to, co jsem do té doby dÄlal já. Kdybych to potÅeboval, mohl jsem pro nÄ
"
+"pracovat, ale uvÄdomil jsem si, že by bylo pro toto hnutà bylo lepÅ¡Ã,
abych "
+"zůstal nezávislý na spoleÄnostech. TÃm pádem mohu o různých
spoleÄnostech se "
+"svobodným Äi proprietárnÃm software ÅÃkat dobré Äi Å¡patné vÄci bez
rizika "
+"konfliktu zájmů. CÃtil jsem, že bych se mohl vÄnovat svobodnému
software "
+"vÃce. SamozÅejmÄ bych s nimi ale pracoval, kdybych pro zajiÅ¡tÄnà penÄz
pro "
+"život musel. Byl to etický business a neexistoval žádný důvod, proÄ
bych se "
+"mÄl kvůli práci pro nÄ cÃtit zahanbený. SpoleÄnost v prvnÃch letech "
+"existence profitovala. Byla vytvoÅena s velmi malým kapitálem, muselo
staÄit "
+"to, co mÄli jejà tÅi zakladatelé. Každým rokem rostla a každý rok "
+"vydÄlávala, až doplatili na chamtivost, zaÄali hledat vnÄjÅ¡Ã
investory. Na "
+"to doplatili. Tomu ale pÅedcházelo nÄkolik úspÄÅ¡ných let."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So, this illustrates one of the exciting things about free software. Free
+# | software demonstrates that you don't need to raise capital to develop free
+# | software. I mean, it's useful; it <em>can</em> help. You know, if you do
+# | raise some capital, you can hire people and have them write a bunch of
+# | software. But you can get a lot done with a small number of people. And,
+# | in fact, the tremendous efficiency of the process of developing free
+# | software is one of the reasons it's important for the world to switch to
+# | free software. And it also belies what Microsoft says when they say the
+# | GNU GPL is bad, because it makes it harder for them to raise capital to
+# | develop nonfree [-software.-] {+software and take our free software and
+# | put our code into their programs that they won't share with us.+}
+# | Basically, we don't need to have them raising capital that way. We'll get
+# | the job done anyway. We are getting the job done.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, this illustrates one of the exciting things about free software. "
+#| "Free software demonstrates that you don't need to raise capital to "
+#| "develop free software. I mean, it's useful; it <em>can</em> help. You "
+#| "know, if you do raise some capital, you can hire people and have them "
+#| "write a bunch of software. But you can get a lot done with a small "
+#| "number of people. And, in fact, the tremendous efficiency of the process "
+#| "of developing free software is one of the reasons it's important for the "
+#| "world to switch to free software. And it also belies what Microsoft says "
+#| "when they say the GNU GPL is bad, because it makes it harder for them to "
+#| "raise capital to develop nonfree software. Basically, we don't need to "
+#| "have them raising capital that way. We'll get the job done anyway. We "
+#| "are getting the job done."
+msgid ""
+"So, this illustrates one of the exciting things about free software. Free "
+"software demonstrates that you don't need to raise capital to develop free "
+"software. I mean, it's useful; it <em>can</em> help. You know, if you do "
+"raise some capital, you can hire people and have them write a bunch of "
+"software. But you can get a lot done with a small number of people. And, "
+"in fact, the tremendous efficiency of the process of developing free "
+"software is one of the reasons it's important for the world to switch to "
+"free software. And it also belies what Microsoft says when they say the GNU "
+"GPL is bad, because it makes it harder for them to raise capital to develop "
+"nonfree software and take our free software and put our code into their "
+"programs that they won't share with us. Basically, we don't need to have "
+"them raising capital that way. We'll get the job done anyway. We are "
+"getting the job done."
+msgstr ""
+"To poukazuje na jeden zajÃmavý fakt. K vývoji svobodného software "
+"nepotÅebujete mÃt kapitál. Nechci ÅÃci, že to je k niÄemu,
<em>může</em> vám "
+"to pomoci. Pokud máte kapitál, můžete najmou t lidi a nechat je napsat
kopu "
+"svobodného software. HodnÄ toho ale můžete docÃlit i jako malá skupinka
"
+"lidÃ. Tato obrovská efektivita vývoje je jednÃm z důvodů, proÄ by se
mÄl "
+"svÄt obrátit ke svobodnému software. Je lež, když Microsoft ÅÃká:
âGNU GPL "
+"je Å¡patná, protože jim stÄžuje shromažÄovánà kapitálu k vývoji
nesvobodného "
+"software.â My totiž nepotÅebujeme, aby nám ten software zvyÅ¡oval
kapitál. "
+"Jsme schopni tu práci dÄlat i bez nÄj. DÄláme to i bez nÄj."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People used to say we could never do a complete free operating system. Now "
+"we've done that and a tremendous amount more. And I would say that we're "
+"about an order of magnitude away from developing all the general purpose "
+"published software needs of the world. And this is in a world where more "
+"than 90% of the users don't use our free software yet. This is in a world "
+"where, although in certain areas of business, you know, more than half of "
+"all the web servers in the world are running on GNU/Linux with Apache as the "
+"web server."
+msgstr ""
+"Lidé ÅÃkali, že se nám nikdy nepovede dokonÄit kompletnà operaÄnÃ
systém. "
+"DokonÄili jsme jej a udÄlali jsme toho jeÅ¡tÄ mnohem vÃce. A Åekl bych,
že "
+"nám nescházà již tak mnoho k tomu, abychom poskytli všechen obecný
software, "
+"který veÅejnost potÅebuje. A to ve svÄtÄ, kde vÃce jak 90% lidÃ
jeÅ¡tÄ náš "
+"svobodný software nepoužÃvá! A to ve svÄtÄ, kde… AÄkoliv v
urÄitých "
+"oborech obchodnà Äinnosti, vÅ¡ak vÃte… vÃce jak polovina webových
"
+"serverů na svÄtÄ funguje na GNU/Linuxu s Apachem jako web serverem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i> … What did you say "
+"before, Linux?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: [NeslyÅ¡itelné] … Co jste to Åekl pÅed "
+"slovem Linux?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I said GNU/Linux."
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Åekl jsem GNU/Linux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You did?"
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Ano?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, if I'm talking about the kernel, I call it "
+"Linux. You know, that's it's name. The kernel was written by Linus "
+"Torvalds, and we should only call it by the name that he chose, out of "
+"respect for the author."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano, pokud mluvÃm o jádÅe, nazývám jej Linux.
"
+"VÅ¡ak vÃte, jmenuje se tak. Jádro bylo napsáno Liusem Torvaldsem a mÄli "
+"bychom jej z respektu k nÄmu nazývat jménem, které vybral."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Anyway, but in general, in business most users are not using it. Most home "
+"users are not using our system yet. So, when they are, we should "
+"automatically get 10 times as many volunteers and 10 times as many customers "
+"for the free software businesses that there will be. And so that will take "
+"us that order of magnitude. So at this point, I am pretty confident that we "
+"<em>can</em> do the job."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale vÅ¡eobecnÄ vzato, v businessu ho vÄtÅ¡ina lidà nepoužÃvá. VÄtÅ¡ina
"
+"domácnostà jej jeÅ¡tÄ nepoužÃvá. Až zaÄnou, mÄli bychom automaticky
dostat "
+"desetkrát vÃce dobrovolnÃků a desetkrát vÃce zákaznÃků pro obchod.
To pro "
+"nás bude důležitým skokem. V tomto bodÄ jsem docela rád, že jsme "
+"<em>schopni</em> dÄlat naÅ¡i práci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, this is important, because Microsoft asks us to feel desperate. They "
+"say, The only way you can have software to run, the only way you can have "
+"innovation, is if you give us power. Let us dominate you. Let us control "
+"what you can do with the software you're running, so that we can squeeze a "
+"lot of money out of you, and use a certain fraction of that to develop "
+"software, and take the rest as profit."
+msgstr ""
+"To je velmi důležité, protože Microsoft se nás snažà zastrašit:
âJediná "
+"cesta jak můžete vyvÃjet software, jediný způsob, jak zajistit inovaci
je "
+"dát nám moc. Dovolte nám, abychom vás ovládli. Ponechte nám kontrolu
nad "
+"tÃm, co budete moci se software dÄlat, abychom z vás mohli vyždÃmat
mnoho "
+"penÄz a použÃt Äást z toho na vývoj nového software, zbytek si
ponecháme "
+"jako zisk.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | {+Well, you shouldn't ever feel that desperate.+} You shouldn't ever feel
+# | so desperate that you give up your freedom. That's very dangerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You shouldn't ever feel so desperate that you give up your freedom. "
+#| "That's very dangerous."
+msgid ""
+"Well, you shouldn't ever feel that desperate. You shouldn't ever feel so "
+"desperate that you give up your freedom. That's very dangerous."
+msgstr ""
+"Nikdy byste se nemÄli cÃtit tak zoufalÃ, abyste se vzdali svojà svobody.
To "
+"by bylo velmi nebezpeÄné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Another thing that Microsoft, well, not just Microsoft, people who don't
+# | support free software generally adopt a value system in which the only
+# | thing that matters is short-term practical benefits: How much money am I
+# | going to make this year? {+What job can I get done today?+} Short-term
+# | thinking and narrow thinking. Their assumption is that it is ridiculous
+# | to imagine that anybody ever might make a sacrifice for the sake of
+# | freedom.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another thing that Microsoft, well, not just Microsoft, people who don't "
+#| "support free software generally adopt a value system in which the only "
+#| "thing that matters is short-term practical benefits: How much money am I "
+#| "going to make this year? Short-term thinking and narrow thinking. Their "
+#| "assumption is that it is ridiculous to imagine that anybody ever might "
+#| "make a sacrifice for the sake of freedom."
+msgid ""
+"Another thing that Microsoft, well, not just Microsoft, people who don't "
+"support free software generally adopt a value system in which the only thing "
+"that matters is short-term practical benefits: How much money am I going to "
+"make this year? What job can I get done today? Short-term thinking and "
+"narrow thinking. Their assumption is that it is ridiculous to imagine that "
+"anybody ever might make a sacrifice for the sake of freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Jiná vÄc, kterou Microsoft (dobÅe, nejen Microsoft, lidé obecnÄ, kteÅÃ
"
+"nepodporujà svobodný software) majà žebÅÃÄek hodnot, ve kterém je
zajÃmajà "
+"pouze krátkodobé výhody. âKolik penÄz letos vydÄlám?â Krátkodobé
a omezené "
+"myÅ¡lenÃ. Nedovedou si pÅedstavit, že by nÄkdo mohl nÄco obÄtovat pro
zÃskánà "
+"Äi udrženà si svobody."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Yesterday, a lot of people were making speeches about Americans who made "
+"sacrifices for the freedom of their compatriots. Some of them made great "
+"sacrifices. They even sacrificed their lives for the kinds of freedom that "
+"everyone in our country has heard about, at least. (At least, in some of "
+"the cases; I guess we have to ignore the war in Vietnam.)"
+msgstr ""
+"VÄera vedlo mnoho lidà projevy o AmeriÄanech, kteÅà se obÄtovali pro
svobodu "
+"svých krajanů. NÄkteÅà uÄinili i velké obÄti. ObÄtovali dokonce své
životy "
+"pro svobody, o kterých každý v naÅ¡i zemi urÄitÄ alespoÅ slyÅ¡el. "
+"(PÅinejmenÅ¡Ãm v nÄkterých pÅÃpadech; Asi budeme muset ignorovat válku
ve "
+"Vietnamu.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<i>[Editor's note: The day before was “Memorial Day” in the "
+"USA. Memorial Day is a day where war heros are commemorated.]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"[Poznámka editora: PÅedchozà den byl v USA Memorial Day. Memorial Day (Den
"
+"vzpomÃnky) je dnem vzpomÃnky na váleÄné hrdiny.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But, fortunately, to maintain our freedom in using software, doesn't call
+# | for big sacrifices. Just tiny, little sacrifices are enough, like learning
+# | a command-line interface, if we don't have a GUI interface program yet.
+# | {+Like doing the job in this way, because we don't have a free software
+# | package to do it that way, yet.+} Like, paying some money to a company
+# | that's going to develop a certain free software package, so that you can
+# | have it in a few years. Various little sacrifices that we can all make.
+# | And, in the long run, even we will have benefited from it. You know, it
+# | is really an investment more than a sacrifice. We just have to have
+# | enough long-term view to realize it's good for us to invest in improving
+# | our society, without counting the nickels and dimes of who gets how much
+# | of the benefit from that investment.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But, fortunately, to maintain our freedom in using software, doesn't call "
+#| "for big sacrifices. Just tiny, little sacrifices are enough, like "
+#| "learning a command-line interface, if we don't have a GUI interface "
+#| "program yet. Like, paying some money to a company that's going to "
+#| "develop a certain free software package, so that you can have it in a few "
+#| "years. Various little sacrifices that we can all make. And, in the long "
+#| "run, even we will have benefited from it. You know, it is really an "
+#| "investment more than a sacrifice. We just have to have enough long-term "
+#| "view to realize it's good for us to invest in improving our society, "
+#| "without counting the nickels and dimes of who gets how much of the "
+#| "benefit from that investment."
+msgid ""
+"But, fortunately, to maintain our freedom in using software, doesn't call "
+"for big sacrifices. Just tiny, little sacrifices are enough, like learning a "
+"command-line interface, if we don't have a GUI interface program yet. Like "
+"doing the job in this way, because we don't have a free software package to "
+"do it that way, yet. Like, paying some money to a company that's going to "
+"develop a certain free software package, so that you can have it in a few "
+"years. Various little sacrifices that we can all make. And, in the long "
+"run, even we will have benefited from it. You know, it is really an "
+"investment more than a sacrifice. We just have to have enough long-term "
+"view to realize it's good for us to invest in improving our society, without "
+"counting the nickels and dimes of who gets how much of the benefit from that "
+"investment."
+msgstr ""
+"Udržet svobodu v použÃvánà software naÅ¡tÄstà nevyžaduje žádné
velké obÄti, "
+"jen malé, malé obÄti staÄÃ. ObÄti jako nauÄit se ovládat pÅÃkazovou
Åádku, "
+"pokud jeÅ¡tÄ nemáme hotové grafické uživatelské rozhranÃ. Nebo jako
zaplatit "
+"nÄjaké softwarové spoleÄnosti, aby mohla bÄhem nÄkolika let vyvinout
nÄjaký "
+"software, který potÅebujeme. Existujà různé malé obÄti, které
můžeme všichni "
+"udÄlat. V dlouhodobém mÄÅÃtku to budeme my, kdo z nich bude profitovat. "
+"VidÃte, že je to spÃÅ¡ investice, než obÄÅ¥! PotÅebujeme pouze
pohlÞet na vÄc "
+"dlouhodobÄ, abychom si uvÄdomili, že je pro nás výhodné investovat do "
+"zlepÅ¡ovánà naÅ¡Ã spoleÄnosti a nesmÃme poÄÃtat nikláky a centy
krátkodobého "
+"zisku z takových investicÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So, at this point, I'm essentially done."
+msgstr "Zde moje pÅednáška vpodstatÄ konÄÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I'd like to mention that there's a new approach to free software business "
+"being proposed by Tony Stanco, which he calls “Free Developers”, "
+"which involves a certain business structure which hopes eventually to pay "
+"out a certain share of the profits to every, to all the authors of the free "
+"software who've joined the organization. And they're looking at the "
+"prospects of getting me some rather large government software development "
+"contracts in India now, because they're going to be using free software as "
+"the basis, having tremendous cost savings that way."
+msgstr ""
+"Rád bych jeÅ¡tÄ zmÃnil, že Tony Stanco navrhuje nový způsob pÅÃstupu
k "
+"obchodu se svobodným software, který on nazývá âFree Developersâ
(svobodnà "
+"vývojáÅi). Má to být urÄitá obchodnà struktura, kde by, jak doufáme,
mÄly "
+"být výtÄžky distribuovány vÅ¡em programátorům svobodného software,
kteÅÃ zde "
+"pracujÃ. Majà vyhlÃdky na zÃskánà rozsáhlého kontraktu na vývoj
vládnÃho "
+"software v Indii. Protože chtÄjà jako základ použÃt svobodný software,
mohou "
+"tÃm uÅ¡etÅit obrovské Äástky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "And so now I guess that I should ask for questions."
+msgstr "Takže teÄ prosÃm otázky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Could you speak up a bit louder please? I can't "
+"really hear you."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Mohl byste prosÃm mluvit troÅ¡ku vÃce nahlas? "
+"NeslyÅ¡Ãm vás."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: How could a company like Microsoft include a free "
+"software contract?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Jak by mohla spoleÄnost jako tÅeba Microsoft "
+"aplikovat smlouvu svobodného software?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, actually, Microsoft is planning to shift a "
+"lot of its activity into services. And what they're planning to do is "
+"something dirty and dangerous, which is tie the services to the programs, "
+"one to the next, in a sort of zigzag, you know? So that to use this service, "
+"you've got to be using this Microsoft program, which is going to mean you "
+"need to use this service, to this Microsoft program, so it's all tied "
+"together. That's their plan."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Microsoft ve skuteÄnosti plánuje pÅesunout
hodnÄ "
+"svých aktivit do oblasti služeb. To, co plánujà udÄlat, je Å¡pinavé a "
+"nebezpeÄné. ChtÄjà totiž svázat služby s programy, jedno k druhému. K
tomu, "
+"abyste mohli použÃt nÄjakou službu, budete muset mÃt program od
Microsoftu, "
+"a pokud budete naopak k programu potÅebovat nÄjakou službu, musà být od "
+"Microsoftu. Bude to všechno provázané dohromady, to je jejich plán."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, the interesting thing is that selling those services doesn't raise the "
+"ethical issue of free software or nonfree software. It might be perfectly "
+"fine for them to have the business for those businesses selling those "
+"services over the net to exist. However, what Microsoft is planning to do "
+"is to use them to achieve an even greater lock, an even greater monopoly, on "
+"the software and the services, and this was described in an article, I "
+"believe in Business Week, recently. And, other people said that it is "
+"turning the net into the Microsoft Company Town."
+msgstr ""
+"ZajÃmavé je na tom to, že tyto služby nevznášà otázku etiky
svobodného a "
+"nesvobodného software. Bylo by absolutnÄ vpoÅádku, kdyby použili tento "
+"business k tomu, aby si zajiÅ¡Å¥ovali zisk jejich prodávánÃm. Microsoft
ale "
+"plánuje udÄlat to tak, aby dosáhl jeÅ¡tÄ vÄtÅ¡Ãho uzamknutÃ
uživatelů â a "
+"jeÅ¡tÄ vÄtÅ¡Ãho monopolu â na software i na služby. VyÅ¡el o tom
nedávno jeden "
+"Älánek… myslÃm, že v Business Weeku. Ostatnà ÅÃkajÃ, že to
pÅemÄnà "
+"Net v mÄsto Microsoftu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And this is relevant because, you know, the trial court in the Microsoft "
+"antitrust trial recommended breaking up the company, Microsoft. But in a "
+"way, that makes no sense — it wouldn't do any good at all — into "
+"the operating part and the applications part."
+msgstr ""
+"To je důležité, protože, jak vÃte, soud doporuÄil rozdÄlenÃ
Microsoftu na "
+"Äást vyrábÄjÃcà operaÄnà systémy a aplikace. To by ale nemÄlo
žádný smysl, "
+"nebylo by to k niÄemu dobré."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But having seen that article, I now see a useful, effective way to split up "
+"Microsoft into the services part and the software part, to require them to "
+"deal with each other only at arm's length, that the services must publish "
+"their interfaces, so that anybody can write a client to talk to those "
+"services, and, I guess, that they have to pay to get the service. Well, "
+"that's OK. That's a totally different issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Po tom, co jsem shlédl ten Älánek, myslÃm, že by bylo užiteÄné a
efektivnà "
+"rozdÄlit Microsoft na Äást poskytujÃcà software a na Äást
poskytujÃcà služby "
+"a požadovat, aby spolu nemÄly pÅiliÅ¡ úzké vztahy. OddÄlenà služeb by
muselo "
+"publikovat návrhy rozhranÃ, aby mohl k takové službÄ každý napsat
klienta. "
+"Asi musà za ty služby platit, ale to je vpoÅádku. To je zas úplnÄ jiný
"
+"problém."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If Microsoft is split up in this way […] services and software,
+# | they {+will not be able to use their software to crush competition with
+# | Microsoft services. And they+} won't be able to use the services to crush
+# | competition with Microsoft software. And we will be able to make the free
+# | software, and maybe you people will use it to talk to Microsoft services,
+# | and we won't mind.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If Microsoft is split up in this way […] services and software, "
+#| "they won't be able to use the services to crush competition with "
+#| "Microsoft software. And we will be able to make the free software, and "
+#| "maybe you people will use it to talk to Microsoft services, and we won't "
+#| "mind."
+msgid ""
+"If Microsoft is split up in this way […] services and software, they "
+"will not be able to use their software to crush competition with Microsoft "
+"services. And they won't be able to use the services to crush competition "
+"with Microsoft software. And we will be able to make the free software, and "
+"maybe you people will use it to talk to Microsoft services, and we won't "
+"mind."
+msgstr ""
+"Kdyby byl Microsoft takto rozdÄlen […], služby a software, nemÄli
by "
+"pÅÃležitost využÃvat služby k rozdrcenà konkurence svým software. My
bychom "
+"mÄli možnost vyvinout pÅÃsluÅ¡ný svobodný software a vy byste se s nÃm
tÅeba "
+"mohli pÅipojovat na služby Microsoftu. Nám by to nevadilo."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Because, after all, although Microsoft {+is the proprietary software
+# | company that+} has subjugated the most people [-and-] {+—+} the
+# | others have subjugated fewer people, {+it's not for want of trying.
+# | <i>[Laughter]</i> They just haven't succeeded in subjugating as many
+# | people. So,+} the problem is not Microsoft and only Microsoft. Microsoft
+# | is just the biggest example of the problem we're trying to solve, which is
+# | proprietary software taking away users' freedom to cooperate and form an
+# | ethical society. So we shouldn't focus too much on Microsoft, you know,
+# | even though they did give me the opportunity for this platform. That
+# | doesn't make them all-important. They're not the be-all and end-all.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because, after all, although Microsoft has subjugated the most people and "
+#| "the others have subjugated fewer people, the problem is not Microsoft and "
+#| "only Microsoft. Microsoft is just the biggest example of the problem "
+#| "we're trying to solve, which is proprietary software taking away users' "
+#| "freedom to cooperate and form an ethical society. So we shouldn't focus "
+#| "too much on Microsoft, you know, even though they did give me the "
+#| "opportunity for this platform. That doesn't make them all-important. "
+#| "They're not the be-all and end-all."
+msgid ""
+"Because, after all, although Microsoft is the proprietary software company "
+"that has subjugated the most people — the others have subjugated fewer "
+"people, it's not for want of trying. <i>[Laughter]</i> They just haven't "
+"succeeded in subjugating as many people. So, the problem is not Microsoft "
+"and only Microsoft. Microsoft is just the biggest example of the problem "
+"we're trying to solve, which is proprietary software taking away users' "
+"freedom to cooperate and form an ethical society. So we shouldn't focus too "
+"much on Microsoft, you know, even though they did give me the opportunity "
+"for this platform. That doesn't make them all-important. They're not the be-"
+"all and end-all."
+msgstr ""
+"Konec konců protože Microsoft si podrobil vÄtÅ¡inu uživatelů, ostatnÃ
si jich "
+"podrobili ménÄ, problémem tedy nenà Microsoft a jenom Microsoft.
Microsoft "
+"je pouze nejvÄtÅ¡Ãm pÅÃkladem problému, který se snažÃme vyÅeÅ¡it.
Je to "
+"problém proprietárnÃho softwre, který uživatelům bere svobody
spolupráce a "
+"tvoÅenà etické spoleÄnosti. NemÄli bychom se tak moc zamÄÅovat na
Microsoft. "
+"I pÅes to, že mi dali možnost zde vystoupit, nejsou ti jedinÃ
důležitÃ. "
+"Nejsou zaÄátkem a koncem vÅ¡eho."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Earlier, you were discussing the philosophical "
+"differences between open source software and free software. How do you feel "
+"about the current trend of GNU/Linux distributions as they head towards "
+"supporting only Intel platforms? And the fact that it seems that less and "
+"less programmers are programming correctly, and making software that will "
+"compile anywhere? And making software that simply works on Intel systems?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: PÅedtÃm jste mluvil o filosofickém rozdÃlu mezi
"
+"open source software a svobodným software. Jak se dÃváte na souÄasný
trend "
+"distribucà GNU/Linuxu podporovat pouze platformu Intel? ÄÃm dál tÃm
ménÄ "
+"programátorů programuje korektnÄ a produkuje software, který se bude dát
"
+"zkompilovat kdekoliv. DÄlajà software, který prostÄ funguje na platformÄ
"
+"Intel."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I don't see an ethical issue there. Although, in "
+"fact, companies that make computers sometimes port the GNU/Linux system to "
+"it. HP apparently did this recently. And, they didn't bother paying for a "
+"port of Windows, because that would have cost too much. But getting GNU/"
+"Linux supported was, I think, five engineers for a few months. It was "
+"easily doable."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Já si nemyslÃm, že by to byla nÄjaká otázka "
+"etiky. Ve skuteÄnosti ale obÄas portujà GNU/Linux na nový poÄÃtaÄ "
+"spoleÄnosti, které ten poÄÃta vyrobÃ. Toto zÅejmÄ nedávno udÄlal
Hewlett "
+"Packard. Neplatili si port Windows, protože by je to stálo pÅÃliÅ¡. Ale "
+"myslÃm, že portovánà GNU/Linuxu je stálo pÄt inženýrů na pár
mÄsÃců. Bylo to "
+"lehké."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, of course, I encourage people to use <code>autoconf</code>, which is a "
+"GNU package that makes it easier to make your programs portable. I "
+"encourage them to do that. Or when somebody else fixes the bug that it "
+"didn't compile on that version of the system, and sends it to you, you "
+"should put it in. But I don't see that as an ethical issue."
+msgstr ""
+"SamozÅejmÄ, že lidi povzbuzuji, aby použÃvali <code>autoconf</code>, GNU
"
+"program, který usnadÅuje portovánà programů. Nebo když nÄkdo zaÅ¡le
autorovi "
+"bug, který nenà na autorovÄ verzi systému chybou, mÄl by jej také
zahrnout "
+"do programu. Ale nevidÃm v tom otázku etiky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Two comments. One is: Recently, you spoke at "
+"MIT. I read the transcript. And someone asked about patents, and you said "
+"that “patents are a totally different issue. I have no comments on "
+"that.”"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Dva komentáÅe. PrvnÃm je: nedávno jste mÄl "
+"pÅednášku na MIT. Äetl jstem pÅepis. NÄkdo se ptal na patenty a vy jste
Åekl "
+"âPatenty jsou úplnÄ jiný problém. Nemám k tomu žádné
komentáÅe.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. I actually have a lot to say about "
+"patents, but it takes an hour. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano. VlastnÄ mám k patentům hodnÄ co ÅÃci,
ale to "
+"zabere tak hodinu. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I wanted to say this: It seems to me that there "
+"is an issue. I mean, there is a reason that companies call both patents and "
+"copyrights things like hard property in trying to get this concept which is, "
+"if they want to use the power of the State to create a course of monopoly "
+"for themselves. And so, what's common about these things is not that they "
+"revolve around the same issues, but that motivation is not really the public "
+"service issues but the motivation of companies to get a monopoly for their "
+"private interests."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: ChtÄl jsem jen ÅÃci, že dle mého názoru zde
je "
+"problém. MyslÃm, že existuje důvod, proÄ spoleÄnosti shrnujà patenty i
"
+"copyrighty pod spoleÄnou stÅechu tÄžkého vlastnictvÃ. ChtÄjà využÃt
sÃlu "
+"státu, aby si zajistili monopol. Stejná vÄc je na tÄchto záležitostech
ne "
+"to, že se týkajà podobného problému. Ta motivace nespoÄÃvá ve
službách "
+"veÅejnosti, ale v tvorbÄ monopolu pro své privátnà zájmy a to je to, co
"
+"záležitosti shrnované pod âintelektuálnà vlastnictvÃâ spojuje."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I understand. But, well, I want to respond "
+"because there's not too much time. So I'd like to respond to that."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: RozumÃm. Ale chci již odpovÄdÄt, protože nám
"
+"nezbývá moc Äasu. OdpovÃm tedy na tohle."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You're right that that's what they want. But there's another reason why "
+"they want to use the term intellectual property. It's that they don't want "
+"to encourage people to think carefully about copyright issues or patent "
+"issues. Because copyright law and patent law are totally different, and the "
+"effects of software copyrighted and software patents are totally different."
+msgstr ""
+"Máte pravdu v tom, že to je opravdu to, co chtÄjÃ. Je ale i jiný důvod,
proÄ "
+"chtÄjà použÃvat termÃn âintelektuálnà vlastnictvÃ.â NechtÄjÃ
totiž "
+"povzbuzovat lidi, aby pÅÃliÅ¡ detailnÄ pÅemýšleli o otázkách
copyrightu a "
+"patentů. Copyrightové a patentové právo je úplnÄ odliÅ¡né a y úÄinek
"
+"copyrightu a patentů na software je úpnÄ odliÅ¡ný."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Software patents are a restriction on programmers, prohibiting them from
+# | writing certain kinds of programs, whereas copyright doesn't do that.
+# | With copyright, at least if you wrote it yourself, you're allowed to
+# | distribute it. {+So, it's tremendously important to separate these
+# | issues.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Software patents are a restriction on programmers, prohibiting them from "
+#| "writing certain kinds of programs, whereas copyright doesn't do that. "
+#| "With copyright, at least if you wrote it yourself, you're allowed to "
+#| "distribute it."
+msgid ""
+"Software patents are a restriction on programmers, prohibiting them from "
+"writing certain kinds of programs, whereas copyright doesn't do that. With "
+"copyright, at least if you wrote it yourself, you're allowed to distribute "
+"it. So, it's tremendously important to separate these issues."
+msgstr ""
+"Softwarové patenty jsou omezenÃm programátorů, zakazujà jim vytváÅet
urÄité "
+"typy programů. ZatÃmco copyright tohle nedÄlá. Copyright ÅÃká, že
pokud nÄco "
+"napÃÅ¡ete, můžete to distribuovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They have a little bit in common, at a very low level, and everything else "
+"is different. So, please, to encourage clear thinking, discuss copyright or "
+"discuss patents. But don't discuss intellectual property. I don't have an "
+"opinion on intellectual property. I have opinions on copyrights and patents "
+"and software."
+msgstr ""
+"Majà toho velmi málo spoleÄného, na velmi nÃzké úrovni. A vÅ¡e
ostatnà je "
+"jiné. Takže, prosÃm, abyste podporovali jasné myÅ¡lenÃ, diskutujte o "
+"copyright, nebo o patentech. Ale nediskutujte o âintelektuálnÃm "
+"vlastnictvÃ.â Na intelektuálnà vlastnictvà nemám názor. Názor mám
na "
+"copyrighty, patenty a software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You mentioned at the beginning that a functional "
+"language, like recipes, are computer programs. There's a cross a little bit "
+"different than other kinds of language created on. This is also causing a "
+"problem in the DVD case."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Na zaÄátku jste zmÃnil, že funkÄnà jazyk,
jako "
+"tÅeba recepty, je poÄÃtaÄový program. Tady je ale trochu rozdÃl mezi
tÃmto a "
+"jinými typy jazyka. To také způsobuje problém v pÅÃpadu DVD."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: The issues are partly similar but partly "
+"different, for things that are not functional in nature. Part of the issue "
+"transfers but not all of it. Unfortunately, that's another hour speech. I "
+"don't have time to go into it. But I would say that all functional works "
+"ought to be free in the same sense as software. You know, textbooks, "
+"manuals, dictionaries, and recipes, and so on."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Tyto body jsou pro vÄci z pÅÃrody ÄásteÄnÄ "
+"podobné, ale ÄásteÄnÄ také odliÅ¡né. NÄjaká Äást problému se
pÅenášÃ, ale ne "
+"celý. To je bohužel dalÅ¡Ã hodinová pÅednáška, já nemám Äas to zde "
+"vysvÄtlovat. Åeknu ale, že vÅ¡echny normálnà vÄci jsou od pÅÃrody
svobodné "
+"stejným způsobem, jako software. VÃte o Äem mluvÃm: knihy, manuály, "
+"slovnÃky, recepty atd."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I was just wondering on online music. There are "
+"similarities and differences created all through."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: MÄ zajÃmala on-line hudba, jsou zde podobnosti, "
+"ale i odlišnosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. I'd say that the minimum freedom that we "
+"should have for any kind of published information is the freedom to non-"
+"commercially redistribute it, verbatim. For functional works, we need the "
+"freedom to commercially publish a modified version, because that's "
+"tremendously useful to society. For non-functional works, you know, things "
+"that are to entertain, or to be aesthetic, or to state a certain person's "
+"views, you know, perhaps they shouldn't be modified. And, perhaps that "
+"means that it's OK, to have copyright covering all commercial distribution "
+"of them."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: SprávnÄ. Åekl bych, že minimálnà svobodou,
jež "
+"bychom mÄli mÃt pro jakýkoliv typ zveÅejnÄné informace, je svoboda ji
to "
+"nekomerÄnÄ redistribuovat, doslovnÄ. Pro funkÄnà dÃla potÅebujeme
svobodu "
+"komerÄnÄ zveÅejnit modifikovanou verzi, protože je to pro spoleÄnost "
+"straÅ¡livÄ užiteÄné. Pro nefunkÄnà dÃla, jako napÅÃklad vÄci
sloužÃcà k "
+"zábavÄ, nebo, abych byl estetický, která pÅedstavujà pohled urÄité
osoby, ta "
+"by možná nemÄla být modifikována. A ono možná znamená, že je
vpoÅádku mÃt "
+"copyright pokrývajÃcà jejich veÅ¡kerá komerÄnà využitÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please remember that according to the U.S. Constitution, the purpose of "
+"copyright is to benefit the public. It is to modify the behavior of certain "
+"private parties, so that they will publish more books. And the benefit of "
+"this is that society gets to discuss issues and learn. And, you know, we "
+"have literature. We have scientific works. The purpose is encourage that. "
+"Copyrights do not exist for the sake of authors, let alone for the sake of "
+"publishers. They exist for the sake of readers and all those who benefit "
+"from the communication of information that happens when people write and "
+"others read. And that goal I agree with."
+msgstr ""
+"ProsÃm, mÄjte na vÄdomÃ, že podle Ãstavy USA je úÄelem copyrightu
prospÄt "
+"veÅejnosti. Sloužà k modifikaci jednánà urÄitých soukromých stran
parties, "
+"aby vydali vÃce knih. A pÅÃnosem je, že spoleÄnost diskutuje o různých
"
+"problémech a uÄà se a, jak vÃte máme literaturu. Máme vÄdecká dÃla.
ÃÄelem "
+"je povzbuzovat to. Copyrighty neexistujà kvůli autorům, natožpak kvůli "
+"vydavtelům. Existujà kvůli ÄtenáÅům a a tÄm, co majà prospÄch ze
sdÄlovánà "
+"informacÃ, ke kterému docházÃ, když lidé pÃÅ¡Ã nebo Ätou. A já s
tÃmto cÃlem "
+"souhlasÃm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But in the age of the computer networks, the method is no longer tenable, "
+"because it now requires draconian laws that invade everybody's privacy and "
+"terrorize everyone. You know, years in prison for sharing with your "
+"neighbor. It wasn't like that in the age of the printing press. Then "
+"copyright was an industrial regulation. It restricted publishers. Now, "
+"it's a restriction imposed by the publishers on the public. So, the power "
+"relationship is turned around 180 degrees, even if it's the same law."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale, ve vÄku poÄÃtaÄových sÃtÃ, nenà tato metoda déle udržitelná,
protože "
+"nynà vyžaduje Drákulova práva, která vpadávajà do soukromÃ
jednotlivce a "
+"každého terorizujÃ. Roky ve vÄzenà za sdÃlenà s kolegou. Nebylo to
jako v "
+"dobÄ tiskaÅského lisu. Tehdy byl copyright průmyslovou regulacÃ.
Omezoval "
+"vydavatele! Nynà je to omezenà uvalené vydavateli na veÅejnost. Takže, "
+"aÄkoliv se jedná o stejný zákon, právnà vztah je otoÄený o 180
stupÅů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: So you can have the same thing — but like "
+"in making music from other music?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Takže můžete mÃt tutéž vÄc â ale je to
jako, "
+"kdybyste tvoÅil hudbu z jiné hudby."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. That is an interesting …"
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: SprávnÄ. To je zajÃmavé."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: And unique, new works, you know, it's still a lot "
+"of cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: A jedineÄné, u nových dÄl, existuje stále
velká "
+"spolupráce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: It is. And I think that probably requires some "
+"kind of fair use concept. Certainly making a few seconds of sample and "
+"using that in making some musical work, obviously that should be fair use. "
+"Even the standard idea of fair use includes that, if you think about it. "
+"Whether courts agree, I'm not sure, but they should. That wouldn't be a "
+"real change in the system as it has existed."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano. A myslÃm si, že to pravdÄpodobnÄ
vyžaduje "
+"nÄjakou koncepci spravedlivého využitÃ. SamozÅejmÄ vytvoÅenà "
+"nÄkolikavteÅinového samplu a jeho použità pro vytvoÅenà nÄjakého
hudebnÃho "
+"dÃla: samozÅejmÄ by toto bylo spravedlivé využitÃ. Dokonce i
standardnà "
+"myÅ¡lenka ohlednÄ spravedlivého využità to zahrnuje, pomyslÃte-li na to.
"
+"Whether courts agree, I'm not sure, but they should. That wouldn't be a real "
+"change in the system as it has existed."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: What do you think about publishing public "
+"information in proprietary formats?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Co si myslÃte o publikovánà veÅejných
informacà v "
+"proprietárnÃch formátech?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh, it shouldn't be. I mean, the government
+# | should never require citizens to use a nonfree program to [-access and-]
+# | {+access,+} to communicate with the [-government.-] {+government in any
+# | way, in either direction.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh, it shouldn't be. I mean, the government "
+#| "should never require citizens to use a nonfree program to access and to "
+#| "communicate with the government."
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh, it shouldn't be. I mean, the government "
+"should never require citizens to use a nonfree program to access, to "
+"communicate with the government in any way, in either direction."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: No, nemÄlo by to být. MyslÃm tÃm, že vláda
by "
+"nikdy nemÄla nutit obÄany, aby použÃvali ne svobodné programy k
pÅÃstupu k "
+"informacÃm a pÅi komunikaci s nÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I have been, what I will now say, a GNU/Linux "
+"user…"
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Byl jsem uživatelem, teÄ Åeknu,
GNU/Linuxu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Thank you. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: DÄkuji. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: …for the past four years. The one thing "
+"that has been problematical for me and is something that is essential, I "
+"think, to all of us, is browsing the web."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: … nÄkolik poslednÃch let. ChybÄla mi ale "
+"jedna základnà vÄc, a to se myslÃm týká vÅ¡ech, totiž webový browser."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes."
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: One thing that has been decidedly a weakness in "
+"using a GNU/Linux system has been browsing the web, because the prevailing "
+"tool for that, Netscape…"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Jedna z vÄcÃ, která byla rozhodnÄ slabinou v "
+"použÃvánà systému GNU/Linux bylo prohlÞenà webovýsh stránek,
protože "
+"hlevnÃm nástrojem k tomuhle byl Netscape…"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: …is not free software."
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: … který nebyl svobodným software. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Let me respond to this. I want to get to the point, for the sake of getting "
+"in more. So, yes. There has been a terrible tendency for people to use "
+"Netscape Navigator on their GNU/Linux systems. And, in fact all the "
+"commercially packaged systems come with it. So this is an ironic situation: "
+"we worked so hard to make a free operating system, and now, if you go to the "
+"store, and you can find versions of GNU/Linux there, most of them are called "
+"Linux, and they're not free. Oh, well, part of them is. But then, there's "
+"Netscape Navigator, and maybe other nonfree programs as well. So, it's very "
+"hard to actually find a free system, unless you know what you're doing. Or, "
+"of course, you can not install Netscape Navigator."
+msgstr ""
+"Nechte mÄ odpovÄdÄt na toto. ChtÄl bych nejprve vyÅeÅ¡it toto, abychom
se "
+"mohli lépe orientovat v celém problému. Ano. Na lidi působil strašný
tlak, "
+"aby na GNU/Linuxových systémech použÃvali Netscape Navigator. VlastnÄ ho
"
+"mÄly v sobÄ ÃºplnÄ vÅ¡echny komerÄnà distribuce. To je ironická
situace: tak "
+"tÄžce jsme pracovali na tom, abychom vytvoÅili svobodný operaÄná
systém a "
+"když se teÄ vydáte do obchodu, najdete zde různé verze GNU/Linuxu
(vÄtÅ¡ina "
+"nese název Linux), ale žádná z nich nenà svobodná. SamozÅejmÄ
nÄkteré Äásti "
+"svobodné jsou, ale je zde i Netscape Navigator a možná také dalÅ¡Ã
nesvobodné "
+"vÄci. Ve skuteÄnosti je velmi tÄžké najÃt svobodný systém, pokud
nevÃte "
+"úplnÄ pÅesnÄ, co dÄláte. Nebo můžete si Netscape Navigator
neinstalovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, in fact, there have been free web browsers for many years. There is a "
+"free web browser that I used to use called Lynx. It's a free web browser "
+"that is non-graphical; it's text-only. This has a tremendous advantage, in "
+"you don't see the ads. <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"Ve skuteÄnosti existovaly svobodné prohlÞeÄe po mnoho let. Já jsem byl
"
+"napÅ. zvyklý použÃvat webový browser s názvem âLynx.â Je to
svobodný "
+"negrafický browser; pouze textový. Má jednu ohromnou výhodu a to, že "
+"nevidÃte reklamy. <i>[SmÃch] [Potlesk]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But anyway, there is a free graphical project called Mozilla, which is now "
+"getting to the point where you can use it. And I occasionally use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Existuje vÅ¡ak i svobodný grafický browser Mozilla, který se nynÃ
dostává do "
+"stavu, kdy ho již můžete použÃvat. ObÄas ho také použÃvám."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Konqueror 2.01 has been very good."
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Velmi dobrý byl Konqueror 2.01."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh, OK. So that's another free graphical "
+"browser. So, we're finally solving that problem, I guess."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano, samozÅejmÄ. To je dalÅ¡Ã svobodný
grafický "
+"browser. Já myslÃm, že už koneÄnÄ ten problém s browsery bude
vyÅeÅ¡en."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you talk to me about that philosophical/"
+"ethical division between free software and open source? Do you feel that "
+"those are irreconcilable? …"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Můžete mi ÅÃci nÄco o filosofickém a etickém
"
+"rozdÄlenà mezi svobodným software a open source? MyslÃte, že jsou "
+"nesmiÅitelné? …"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<i>[Recording switches tapes; end of question and start of answer is "
+"missing]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<i>[mÄnà se páska v nahrávacÃm zaÅÃzenÃ, konec otázky a zaÄátek
odpovÄdi chybÃ]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: … to a freedom, and ethics. Or whether "
+"you just say, Well, I hope that you companies will decide it's more "
+"profitable to let us be allowed to do these things."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: … ke svobodÄ a etice. Nebo kdykoliv "
+"prostÄ Åeknete: âDoufám, že se vy spoleÄnosti rozhodnete, že je pro
vás "
+"výhodnÄjÅ¡Ã dovolit nám dÄlat tyto vÄci.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, as I said, in a lot of practical work, it doesn't really matter what a "
+"person's politics are. When a person offers to help the GNU project, we "
+"don't say: “You have to agree with our politics.” We say that in "
+"a GNU package, you've got to call the system GNU/Linux, and you've got to "
+"call it free software. What you say when you're not speaking to the GNU "
+"Project, that's up to you."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale jak jsem Åekl, v mnoha praktických úkolech ani nezáležÃ, jaká je "
+"politika dané osoby. Když nÄkdo nabÃdne pomoc projektu GNU, tak
neÅÃkáme "
+"âMusÃÅ¡ souhlasit s naÅ¡Ã politikou.â Åekneme, že v balÃÄcÃch GNU
musÃte "
+"nazývat systém GNU/Linux a musÃte to nazývat svobodný software. Co
ÅÃkáte, "
+"když nemluvÃte s projektem GNU, je na vás."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: The company, IBM, started a campaign for "
+"government agencies, to sell their big new machines, that they used Linux as "
+"selling point, and say Linux."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: SpoleÄnost IBM odstartovala nedávno kampaÅ pro "
+"vládnà úÅady, kterým chtÄjà prodat své velké stroje a jako systém
si vybrali "
+"Linux, ÅÃkajà mu Linux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, of course, it's really the GNU/Linux "
+"systems. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano, samozÅejmÄ, ve skuteÄnosti je to systém
GNU/"
+"Linux. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: That's right! Well, tell the top sales person. "
+"He doesn't know anything for GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: PrávÄ! ÅeknÄte to hlavnÃmu obchodnÃmu
manažerovi. "
+"Vůbec o GNU nevÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I have to tell who?"
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Komu že bych mÄl ÅÃci?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: The top sales person."
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: HlavnÃmu obchodnÃmu manažerovi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh yes. The problem is that they've already "
+"carefully decided what they want to say for reasons of their advantage. And "
+"the issue of what is a more accurate, or fair, or correct way to describe it "
+"is not the primary issue that matters to a company like that. Now, some "
+"small companies, yes, there'll be a boss. And if the boss is inclined to "
+"think about things like that, he might make a decision that way. Not a "
+"giant corporation though. It's a shame, you know."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Aha, jasnÄ. Problém je v tom, že oni si už
dÅÃve "
+"peÄlivÄ vybrali, co budou ÅÃkat, aby to pro nÄ bylo co
nejvýhodnÄjÅ¡Ã. "
+"Důležité totiž je, že otázka toho co je správnÄjÅ¡Ã Äi
spravedlivÄjÅ¡Ã nenà "
+"pro takové firmy to nejdůležitÄjÅ¡Ã. U malých spoleÄnostà bychom
mohli najÃt "
+"Åeditele, který by pÅemýšlel o takových vÄcech, mohl by se rozhodnout "
+"použÃvat správný název. Ne ale takové obrovské spoleÄnosti. Je to
ostuda."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's another more important and more substantive issue about what IBM is "
+"doing. They're saying that they're putting a billion dollars into “"
+"Linux”. But perhaps, I should also put quotes around “"
+"into”, as well, because some of that money is paying people to develop "
+"free software. That really is a contribution to our community. But other "
+"parts is paying to pay people to write proprietary software, or port "
+"proprietary software to run on top of GNU/Linux, and that is <em>not</em> a "
+"contribution to our community. But IBM is lumping that altogether into "
+"this. Some of it might be advertising, which is partly a contribution, even "
+"if it's partly wrong. So, it's a complicated situation. Some of what "
+"they're doing is contribution and some is not. And some is sort is "
+"somewhat, but not exactly. And you can't just lump it altogether and think, "
+"Wow! Whee! A billion dollars from IBM. <i>[Laughter]</i> That's "
+"oversimplification."
+msgstr ""
+"S tÃm co dÄlá IBM souvisà jeÅ¡tÄ jeden důležitý a podstatný problém
a to, že "
+"oni ÅÃkajÃ, že vkládajà do âLinuxuâ miliardu dolarů. Možná bych
ale mÄl také "
+"dát uvozovky kolem slova âdoâ, protože Äást z toho sice je placenÃ
lidÃ, "
+"kteÅà pÃÅ¡Ã svobodný software, ale druhá Äást sloužà k placenÃ
lidÃ, kteÅÃ "
+"pÃÅ¡Ã proprietárnà software, nebo proprietárnà software portujÃ, aby
bÄžel na "
+"GNU/Linuxu. To <em>nenÃ</em> pÅÃspÄvek naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ. IBM to ale
všechno "
+"strká na jednu hromadu. Äást z toho může být reklama, což pro nás
může být "
+"ÄásteÄnÄ pÅÃnostné, aÄkoliv by to bylo také ÄásteÄnÄ Å¡patné.
Je to "
+"komplikovaná situace. NÄco z toho, co oni dÄlajÃ, je pomocÃ, nÄco nenÃ
a "
+"nÄco je také ÄásteÄná pomoc, ale ne pÅesnÄ. Nemůžete to prostÄ
všechno "
+"smÃchat dohromady a myslet si âWow! Bomba! Miliarda dolarů od IBM.â "
+"<i>[SmÃch]</i> To je straÅ¡né zjednoduÅ¡enÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you talk a little bit more about the thinking "
+"that went into the General Public License?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Můžete se troÅ¡ku vÃce zmÃnit o důvodech,
které vás "
+"vedly k navrženà nÄÄeho jako je General Public License."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, here's the — I'm sorry, I'm answering "
+"his question now. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ok, to je â omlouvám se, ale já teÄ
odpovÃdám na "
+"jeho otázku. <i>[SmÃch]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Do you want to reserve some time for the press "
+"conference? Or do you want to continue here?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Chcete si nechat nÄjaký Äas na tiskovou "
+"konferenci, nebo budete radÅ¡i pokraÄovat tady?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Who is here for the press conference? Not a lot "
+"of press. Oh, three — OK. Can you afford if we — if I go on "
+"answering everybody's questions for another ten minutes or so? OK. So, "
+"we'll go on answering everybody's questions."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Kdo je tu na tiskovou konferenci? Nenà tu moc "
+"tisku. Aha, tÅi â dobÅe. Nebude vám vadit, když budeme â když budu "
+"pokraÄovat v zodpovÃdánà otázek vÅ¡ech jeÅ¡tÄ tak deset minut? OK. Tak
budeme "
+"pokraÄovat v otázkách z publika."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the thinking that went into the GNU GPL? Part of it was that I wanted to "
+"protect the freedom of the community against the phenomena that I just "
+"described with X Windows, which has happened with other free programs as "
+"well. In fact, when I was thinking about this issue, X Windows was not yet "
+"released. But I had seen this problem happen in other free programs. For "
+"instance, TeX. I wanted to make sure that the users would all have "
+"freedom. Otherwise, I realized that I might write a program, and maybe a "
+"lot of people would use the program, but they wouldn't have freedom. And "
+"what's the point of that?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ptáte se tedy na myÅ¡lenÃ, z kterého vzeÅ¡la GNU GPL? Äást je v tom, že
jsem "
+"chtÄl ochránit svobodu komunity od takových vÄcÃ, jaké jsem popisoval u
"
+"projektu X Windows a které se pÅihodily i ostatnÃm svobodným programům.
Ve "
+"skuteÄnosti nebyly X Windows jeÅ¡tÄ vydány, když jsem o GPL pÅemýšlel,
ale "
+"vidÄl jsem, jak se tohle stávalo jiným svobodným programům. Stalo se to "
+"tÅeba TeXu. ChtÄl jsem zajistit, aby mÄli svobodu vÅ¡ichni uživatelé.
Jinak "
+"by se mi mohlo stát, že napÃÅ¡u program a možná ho bude použÃvat mnoho
lidÃ, "
+"ale ti by nemuseli mÃt svobodu. A jaký by to pak mÄlo úÄel?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But the other issue I was thinking about was, I wanted to give the
+# | community a feeling that it was not {+a doormat, a feeling that it was
+# | not+} prey to any parasite who would wander along. If you don't use
+# | copyleft, you are essentially saying: <i>[speaking meekly]</i> “Take
+# | my code. Do what you want. I don't say no.” So, anybody can come
+# | along and say: <i>[speaking very firmly]</i> “Ah, I want to make a
+# | nonfree version of this. I'll just take it.” And, then, of course,
+# | they probably make some improvements, those nonfree versions might appeal
+# | to users, and replace the free versions. And then, what have you
+# | accomplished? You've only made a donation to some proprietary software
+# | project.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But the other issue I was thinking about was, I wanted to give the "
+#| "community a feeling that it was not prey to any parasite who would wander "
+#| "along. If you don't use copyleft, you are essentially saying: "
+#| "<i>[speaking meekly]</i> “Take my code. Do what you want. I don't "
+#| "say no.” So, anybody can come along and say: <i>[speaking very "
+#| "firmly]</i> “Ah, I want to make a nonfree version of this. I'll "
+#| "just take it.” And, then, of course, they probably make some "
+#| "improvements, those nonfree versions might appeal to users, and replace "
+#| "the free versions. And then, what have you accomplished? You've only "
+#| "made a donation to some proprietary software project."
+msgid ""
+"But the other issue I was thinking about was, I wanted to give the community "
+"a feeling that it was not a doormat, a feeling that it was not prey to any "
+"parasite who would wander along. If you don't use copyleft, you are "
+"essentially saying: <i>[speaking meekly]</i> “Take my code. Do what "
+"you want. I don't say no.” So, anybody can come along and say: "
+"<i>[speaking very firmly]</i> “Ah, I want to make a nonfree version of "
+"this. I'll just take it.” And, then, of course, they probably make "
+"some improvements, those nonfree versions might appeal to users, and replace "
+"the free versions. And then, what have you accomplished? You've only made a "
+"donation to some proprietary software project."
+msgstr ""
+"ÅÃkal jsem si ale také, chci dát veÅejnosti pocit, že to nenà koÅist
pro "
+"nÄjaké parazity, kteÅà zrovna bloudà kolem. Když nepoužÃváte
copyleft, tak "
+"vpodstatÄ ÅÃkáte <i>[Stallman mluvà mÃrnÄ]</i>: âVezmi si můj kód
a dÄlej si "
+"s nÃm co chceÅ¡. Já neÅÃkám ne.â Každý může pÅijÃt a ÅÃci
<i>[nynà mluvà "
+"pÅÃsnÄ]</i> âAh, chci vytvoÅit nesvobodnou verzi tohohle. ProstÄ si to
"
+"vezmu.â PravdÄpodobnÄ udÄlajà nÄjaká vylepÅ¡enÃ. Tyto nesvobodné
verze se pak "
+"mohou zalÃbit uživatelům a nahradit svobodné verze. Äeho jste tak
dosáhli? "
+"Pouze jste pÅispÄli nÄjakému vlastnickému projektu!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And when people see that that's happening, when people see, other people "
+"take what I do, and they don't ever give back, it can be demoralizing. And, "
+"this is not just speculation. I had seen that happen. That was part of "
+"what happened to wipe out the old community that I belonged to the '70's. "
+"Some people started becoming uncooperative. And we assumed that they were "
+"profiting thereby. They certainly acted as if they thought they were "
+"profiting. And we realized that they can just take off cooperation and not "
+"give back. And there was nothing we could do about it. It was very "
+"discouraging. We, those of us who didn't like the trend, even had a "
+"discussion and we couldn't come up with any idea for how we could stop it."
+msgstr ""
+"Když pak lidé vidÃ, co se dÄje, když vidà âostatnà mi vezmou co jsem
udÄlal "
+"a ani mi to nevrátÃâ, může to být pro nÄ velmi demoralizujÃcÃ. To
nenà jen "
+"spekulace. Já jsem vidÄl, jak se to opravdu stalo. Byla to Äást toho, co
se "
+"pÅihodilo naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ, ke které jsem patÅil v sedmdesátých letech.
NÄkteÅÃ "
+"lidé s námi pÅestávali spolupracovat. PÅedpokládali jsme, že z toho "
+"profitujÃ. Chovali se tak, jako by si mysleli, že profitujÃ. UvÄdomili
jsme "
+"si, že se mohou prostÄ vzdát spolupráce a nic nám nedajà zpÄt.
Neexistovalo "
+"nic, co bychom s tÃm mohli dÄlat. To bylo velmi odrazujÃcÃ. My, kterým
se to "
+"nelÃbilo, jsme dokonce diskutovali o možnostech, jak to zastavit, ale
žádnou "
+"jsme nenašli."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the GPL is designed to stop that. And it says, Yes, you are welcome to "
+"join the community and use this code. You can use it to do all sorts of "
+"jobs. But, if you release a modified version, you've got to release that to "
+"our community, as part of our community, as part of the free world."
+msgstr ""
+"GPL je tedy navržena k tomu, aby to zastavila. ÅÃká: âPokud se k naÅ¡Ã
"
+"komunitÄ pÅipojÃte, jste vÃtáni a můžete použÃvat náš kód.
Můžete jej "
+"použÃvat na jakoukoliv práci. Pokud ale vydáte modifikovanou verzi,
musÃte "
+"ji uveÅejnit v naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ, jako souÄást naÅ¡Ã komunity, jako
souÄást "
+"svobodného svÄta.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, in fact, there are still many ways that people can get the benefit of "
+"our work and not contribute, like you don't have to write any software. "
+"Lots of people use GNU/Linux and don't write any software. There's no "
+"requirement that you've got to do anything for us. But if you do a certain "
+"kind of thing, you've got to contribute to it. So what that means is that "
+"our community is not a doormat. And I think that that helped give people "
+"the strength to feel, Yes, we won't just be trampled underfoot by "
+"everybody. We'll stand up to this."
+msgstr ""
+"VlastnÄ existuje i mnoho různých cest, jak mohou lidé tÄžit z výhod
našeho "
+"software a nijak nám nepÅispÃvat; nemusÃte tÅeba psát software, abyste
mohli "
+"použÃvat náš systém. Nepožadujeme po vás, abyste pro nás cokoliv
dÄlali. "
+"Pokud ale dÄláte urÄitý typ vÄcÃ, musÃte nám s nimi pÅispÄt. Takže
to "
+"znamená, že naÅ¡e komunita nenà jen tak nÄjaká rohožka u dveÅÃ. A
myslÃm, že "
+"to dodalo lidem sÃlu cÃtit: âJen tak nÄkdo si po nás nebude dupat. My
se mu "
+"postavÃme.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Yes, my question was, considering free but not "
+"copylefted software, since anybody can pick it up and make it proprietary, "
+"is it not possible also for someone to pick it up and make some changes and "
+"release the whole thing under the GPL?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Ano, moje otázka se týkala svobodného, ale "
+"necopyleftovaného software. Když ho může každý vzÃt a udÄlat z nÄj "
+"vlastnický, nenà také možné vzÃt ho, udÄlat nÄjaké zmÄny a vydat to
celé pod "
+"GPL?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, it is possible."
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ano, je to možné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Then, that would make all future copies then be "
+"GPL'ed."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: To by udÄlalo ze vÅ¡ech budoucÃch kopià GPL "
+"software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: From that branch. But here's why we don't do "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Kopià z té urÄité vÄtve. VysvÄtlÃm ale,
proÄ "
+"tohle nedÄláme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Hmm?"
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Hmm?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Here's why we don't generally do that. Let me "
+"explain."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: VysvÄtlÃm, proÄ to nedÄláme. Nechte mÄ to "
+"vysvÄtlit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: OK, yes."
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: OK, ano."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We could, if we wanted to, take X Windows, and "
+"make a GPL-covered copy and make changes in that. But there's a much larger "
+"group of people working on improving X Windows and <em>not</em> GPL-ing it. "
+"So, if we did that, we would be forking from them. And that's not very nice "
+"treatment of them. And, they <em>are</em> a part of our community, "
+"contributing to our community."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Mohli bychom to udÄlat, pokud bychom chtÄli. "
+"Mohli bychom vzÃt X Window, udÄlat kopii krytou GPL a udÄlat v nÃ
nÄjaké "
+"zmÄny. Existuje ale mnohem vÄtÅ¡Ã skupina lidÃ, kteÅà vylepÅ¡ujà X
Window, a "
+"ti je nevydávajà pod GPL. Kdybychom to tedy udÄlali, oddÄlovali bychom se
od "
+"nich. To by od nás nebylo moc hezké. Oni <em>jsou</em> Äást naÅ¡Ã
komunity a "
+"pÅispÃvajà do naÅ¡Ã komunity."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Second, it would backfire against us, because they're doing a lot more work "
+"on X than we would be. So, our version would be inferior to theirs, and "
+"people wouldn't use it, which means, why go to the trouble at all?"
+msgstr ""
+"Za druhé, nemÄli bychom Å¡anci, protože oni na X dÄlajà mnohem vÃce
práce než "
+"bychom mohli dÄlat my. NaÅ¡e verze by tedy byla podÅadná té jejich a
lidé by "
+"ji nepoužÃvali. To znamená: proÄ podstupovat vÅ¡echny tyhle nesnáze?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Mmm hmm."
+msgstr "<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Mmm hmm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: So when a person has written some improvement to "
+"X Windows, what I say that person should do is cooperate with the X "
+"development team. Send it to them and let them use it their way. Because "
+"they are developing a very important piece of free software. It's good for "
+"us to cooperate with them."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Když tedy nÄkdo napÃÅ¡e nÄjaké vylepÅ¡enà do
X "
+"Windows, Åeknu mu, aby spolupracoval s vývojáÅi X Windows, aÅ¥ jim to
pošle a "
+"nechá je to použÃt tak, jak to oni uznajà za vhodné. Oni vyvÃjejÃ
velmi "
+"důležitou Äást svobodného software. Pro nás je dobré s nimi
spolupracovat!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Except, considering X, in particular, about two "
+"years ago, the X Consortium that was far into the nonfree open source…"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: S výjimkou, co se týÄe X, pÅibližnÄ pÅed
dvÄma "
+"roky, dokonce X Konsorcium vydalo svůj software jako omezený open "
+"source…"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, actually it <em>wasn't</em> open sourced. "
+"It wasn't open sourced, either. They may have said it was. I can't "
+"remember if they said that or not. But it wasn't open source. It was "
+"restricted. You couldn't commercially distribute, I think. Or you couldn't "
+"commercially distribute a modified version, or something like that. There "
+"was a restriction that's considered unacceptable by both the Free Software "
+"movement and the Open Source movement."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oni jej <em>nikdy</em> nevydali jako open source. "
+"Nakonec to nebylo open source. Možná ÅÃkali, že bylo. NevzpomÃnám si.
Ale "
+"nebylo to open source. Bylo to omezené. MyslÃm, že jste to nemohli
komerÄnÄ "
+"redistribuovat. Nebo jste možná nemohli komerÄnÄ distribuovat
modifikovanou "
+"verzi, nebo nÄco takvého. Bylo v tom nÄjaké omezenÃ, které jak Hnutà "
+"svobodného software, tak hnutà open source pokládá za nepÅijatelné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And yes, that's what using a non-copyleft license leaves you open to. In "
+"fact, the X Consortium, they had a very rigid policy. They say: If your "
+"program if copylefted even a little bit, we won't distribute it at all. We "
+"won't put it in our distribution."
+msgstr ""
+"Ano, to vám necopyleftová licence dovoluje. Ve skuteÄnosti mÄlo X
Konsorcium "
+"velm izvláštnà politiku. ÅÃkajÃ: âPokud je váš program alespoÅ
trošku "
+"copyleftovaný, nemůžeme jej do našà distribuce zahrnout. Nebudeme jej
vůbec "
+"distribuovat.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, a lot of people were pressured in this way into not copylefting. And "
+"the result was that all of their software was wide open, later on. When the "
+"same people who had pressured a developer to be too all-permissive, then the "
+"X people later said, All right, now we can put on restrictions, which wasn't "
+"very ethical of them."
+msgstr ""
+"HodnÄ lidà tak bylo nuceno nepoužÃvat copyleft. VÅ¡echen software byl "
+"naprosto otevÅený. Ti samà lidé, kteÅà pÅedtÃm tlaÄili lidi, aby
dovolovali "
+"s jejich kódem dÄlat vÅ¡e, pozdÄji prohlásili: âVpoÅádku. TeÄ si
můžeme "
+"pÅidat omezenÃ.â To od nich nebylo pÅÃliÅ¡ etické."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, given the situation, would we really want to scrape up the resources to "
+"maintain an alternate GPL-covered version of X? And it wouldn't make any "
+"sense to do that. There are so many other things we need to do. Let's do "
+"them instead. We can cooperate with the X developers."
+msgstr ""
+"Chceme ale v této situaci opravdu zaplácat mnoho zdrojů na udržovánà "
+"alternativnà verze X, kryté GPL? NemÄlo by to žádný smysl. Máme na
práci "
+"spoustu jiných vÄcÃ. PojdmÄ dÄlat radÅ¡i tyto. Je lepÅ¡Ã s vývojáÅi
X "
+"spolupracovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Do you have a comment, is the GNU a trademark? "
+"And is it practical to include it as part of the GNU General Public License "
+"allowing trademarks?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Můžete prosÃm okomentovat, zda je GNU
registrovaná "
+"ochranná známka? Bylo by praktické zahrnout ji do GNU GPL, ta pÅece
povoluje "
+"ochranné známky?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We are, actually, applying for trademark "
+"registration on GNU. But it wouldn't really have anything to do with that. "
+"It's a long story to explain why."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Ve skuteÄnosti máme momentálnÄ podanou
žádost o "
+"regisrtaci ochranné známky GNU. Je to ale z jiných důvodů. Bylo by na
dlouho "
+"to tu vÅ¡e vysvÄtlovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You could require the trademark be displayed with "
+"GPL-covered programs."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Mohli byste požadovat zobrazenà této ochranné "
+"známky ve všech programech krytých GPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: No, I don't think so. The licenses cover "
+"individual programs. And when a given program is part of the GNU Project, "
+"nobody lies about that. The name of the system as a whole is a different "
+"issue. And this is an aside. It's not worth discussing more."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: To si nemyslÃm. Licence kryjà samotné programy
a "
+"pokud je nÄjaký program Äást projektu GNU, nikdo se nesnažà to
pÅekroutit. "
+"Jméno systému jako celku je ale jiná záležitost. To je jen taková
poznámka, "
+"nestojà za to znovu to tu probÃrat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: If there was a button that you could push and "
+"force all companies to free their software, would you press it?"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>OTÃZKA</strong>: Kdyby existovalo tlaÄÃtko, které byste mohl "
+"zmáÄknout a donutit tak vÅ¡echny spoleÄnosti, aby udÄlali svůj software "
+"svobodným, zmáÄkl byste?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, I would only use this for published "
+"software. You know, I think that people have the right to write a program "
+"privately and use it. And that includes companies. This is privacy issue. "
+"And it's true, there can be times when it is wrong to do that, like if it is "
+"tremendously helpful to humanity, and you are withholding it from humanity. "
+"That is a wrong but that's a different kind of wrong. It's a different "
+"issue, although it's in the same area."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: No, použil bych ho na publikovaný software.
VÃte, "
+"já myslÃm, že lidé majà právo psát program soukromÄ, a použÃvat ho
soukromÄ. "
+"To se týká i spoleÄnostÃ. Je to otázka soukromÃ. Je sice pravda, že
mohou "
+"nastat situace, kdy by daný program byl veÅejnosti ohromnÄ užiteÄný a
vy "
+"byste zabraÅovali jeho využitÃ, což by bylo Å¡patné. To je ale jiný
druh "
+"Å¡patnosti. To by byla jiná otázka, aÄkoliv v tom samém oboru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But yes, I think all published software should be free software. And "
+"remember, when it's not free software, that's because of government "
+"intervention. The government is intervening to make it nonfree. The "
+"government is creating special legal powers to hand out to the owners of the "
+"programs, so that they can have the police stop us from using the programs "
+"in certain ways. So I would certainly like to end that."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale ano, já si myslÃm, že by vÅ¡echen publikovaný software mÄl být
svobodný. "
+"A pamatujme si, že pokud tomu tak nenÃ, je to kvůli zásahu vlády. Vláda
"
+"zasahuje, aby jej uÄinila nesvobodným. Vláda vytváÅà speciálnÃ
právnà "
+"možnosti a rozdává je vlastnÃkům programů, aby mohli využÃt policii k
tomu, "
+"aby nám zabránila urÄitými způsoby užÃvat jejich program. To bych
urÄitÄ "
+"chtÄl ukonÄit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Richard's presentation has invariably generated "
+"an enormous amount of intellectual energy. I would suggest that some of it "
+"should be directed to using, and possibly writing, free software."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Richardova pÅednáška bez pochyb vyvolala "
+"obrovské množstvà intelektuálnà energie. Rád bych doporuÄil, aby
Äást z té "
+"energie byla využita k použÃvánà a možná i vývoji svobodného
software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We should close the proceedings shortly. I want to say that Richard has "
+"injected into a profession which is known in the general public for its "
+"terminal apolitical nerditude a level of political and moral discussion "
+"which is, I think, unprecedented in our profession. And we owe him very big "
+"for this. I'd like to note to people that there is a break."
+msgstr ""
+"MÄli bychom to tu nÄjak rychle ukonÄit. Chci jen ÅÃci, že Richard
nechal do "
+"profese, která je veÅejnosti známá pÅedevÅ¡Ãm svým apolitickým a
nerdovským "
+"pÅÃstupem, proniknout i urÄitou rovinu politické a etické polemiky, což
je "
+"dle mého názoru v tomto oboru bezprecedentnÃ. ChtÄl bych oznámit, že
nynà je "
+"pÅestávka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[Applause]</i>"
+msgstr "<i>[Potlesk]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: You are free to leave at any time, you know. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> I'm not holding you prisoner here."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Můžete odejÃt kdy chcete, vÅ¡ak vÃte.
<i>[SmÃch]</"
+"i> Já vás tu nedržÃm jako ve vÄzenÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[Audience adjourns…]</i>"
+msgstr "<i>[Publikum se zvedá a odcházÅ]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[overlapping conversations…]</i>"
+msgstr "<i>[pÅekrývajÃcà se konverzace]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: One final thing. Our website: www.gnu.org"
+msgstr "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: JeÅ¡tÄ nÄco. Náš web: www.gnu.org ."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2006, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2001 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"původ-Nezpracovávejte 4.0 Mezinárodnà License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/shouldbefree.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/shouldbefree.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2004 @@
+# Czech translation of http://philosophy/shouldbefree.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Saved from the web.
+# ? 1992.
+# Eva Frantova 2001, 2002.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/shouldbefree.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-31 06:29+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-06-12 12:23+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"ProÄ by mÄl být software svobodný â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro
svobodný "
+"software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why Software Should Be Free"
+msgstr "ProÄ by mÄl být software svobodný"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"od <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richarda Stallmana</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr "Ãvod"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how decisions "
+"about its use should be made. For example, suppose one individual who has a "
+"copy of a program meets another who would like a copy. It is possible for "
+"them to copy the program; who should decide whether this is done? The "
+"individuals involved? Or another party, called the “owner”?"
+msgstr ""
+"Existence softwaru nevyhnutelnÄ pÅinášà otázku, jak by mÄla být
ÄinÄna "
+"rozhodnutà o jeho použitÃ. NapÅÃklad pÅedpokládejme, že jedna osoba,
která "
+"má kopii programu, potká jinou, která ji nemá a ráda by si ji
poÅÃdila. Majà "
+"možnost program zkopÃrovat; kdo by mÄl rozhodnout, zda to smà udÄlat? "
+"ZúÄastnÄné osoby? Äi jiná strana, nazývaná âvlastnÃkâ?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Software developers typically consider these questions on the assumption "
+"that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers' profits. The "
+"political power of business has led to the government adoption of both this "
+"criterion and the answer proposed by the developers: that the program has an "
+"owner, typically a corporation associated with its development."
+msgstr ""
+"Softwarovà vývojáÅi obvykle zvažujà tyto otázky za pÅedpokladu, že
kritérium "
+"pro odpovÄÄ je maximalizovat vývojáÅův zisk. Politická sÃla obchodu
vedla k "
+"vládnà adopci obou a vývojáÅi si vybrali: program má vlastnÃka,
obvykle "
+"firmu spojenou s jeho vývojem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I would like to consider the same question using a different criterion: the "
+"prosperity and freedom of the public in general."
+msgstr ""
+"Rád bych uvážil stejnou otázku za použità jiného kritéria: prosperity
a "
+"svobody veÅejnosti celkovÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This answer cannot be decided by current law—the law should conform to "
+"ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current practice decide this "
+"question, although it may suggest possible answers. The only way to judge "
+"is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners of software, "
+"why, and how much. In other words, we should perform a cost-benefit "
+"analysis on behalf of society as a whole, taking account of individual "
+"freedom as well as production of material goods."
+msgstr ""
+"OdpovÄÄ nemůže dát zákon â zákon by se mÄl pÅizpůsobit etice, ne
naopak. Ani "
+"souÄasná praxe neumà zodpovÄdÄt tuto otázku, aÄkoliv může naznaÄit
možné "
+"odpovÄdi. Jediná možnost posuzovánà je prozkoumat, kdo má prospÄch a
kdo je "
+"poÅ¡kozen uznánÃm vlastnÃků softwaru; proÄ a jak moc. Jinými slovy,
mÄli "
+"bychom provést analýzu nákladů a pÅÃnosů ve prospÄch spoleÄnosti
jako celku, "
+"s pÅihlédnutÃm na osobnà svobodu stejnÄ jako na produkci materiálnÃch
statků."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show that "
+"the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that programmers have the "
+"duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study, and improve the "
+"software we write: in other words, to write <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">“free” software</a>.<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"V tomto Älánku popÃÅ¡i úÄinek existence vlastnÃků software a ukážu,
že "
+"následky jsou Å¡kodlivé. Můj závÄr bude, že programátoÅi majÃ
povinnost "
+"podnÄcovat ostatnà ke sdÃlenÃ, redistribuci, studovánà a vylepÅ¡ovánÃ
"
+"softwaru, který pÃÅ¡eme. Jinými slovy, majà právo psát <a
href=\"/philosophy/"
+"free-sw.html\">âsvobodnýâ software</a>. <a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "How Owners Justify Their Power"
+msgstr "Jak vlastnÃci ospravedlÅujà svou sÃlu"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property offer "
+"two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the emotional "
+"argument and the economic argument."
+msgstr ""
+"Ti, kdo majà užitek ze souÄasného systému, ve kterém jsou programy
majetkem, "
+"nabÃzejà dva argumenty na podporu svých požadavků vlastnit programy:
citový "
+"a ekonomický argument."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The emotional argument goes like this: “I put my sweat, my heart, my "
+"soul into this program. It comes from <em>me</em>, it's <em>mine</em>!"
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"Citový argument vypadá takto: âVložil jsem svůj pot, své srdce, svou
duši do "
+"tohoto programu. Vycházà ze <em>mne</em>, je <em>můj</em>!â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of "
+"attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it is "
+"not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same programmers "
+"usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a salary; the "
+"emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast, consider the great "
+"artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't even sign their names to "
+"their work. To them, the name of the artist was not important. What "
+"mattered was that the work was done—and the purpose it would serve. "
+"This view prevailed for hundreds of years."
+msgstr ""
+"Tento argument nepotÅebuje vážnÄjÅ¡Ãho vyvracenÃ. Pocit vazby je
jediný, "
+"který si mohou programátoÅi pÄstovat když jim to vyhovuje; nenà to "
+"nevyhnutelné. Uvažme, napÅÃklad, jak ochotnÄ stejnà programátoÅi
obvykle "
+"pÅevedou vÅ¡echna práva velké korporaci výmÄnou za mzdu; citová vazba
záhadnÄ "
+"zmizÃ. Naproti tomu vezmÄme velké umÄlce a ÅemeslnÃky stÅedovÄku,
kteÅÃ se "
+"pod svá dÃla vůbec nepodepisovali. Pro nÄ nebylo jméno umÄlce
důležité. Na "
+"Äem záleželo, byla odvedená práce â a cÃl kterému mÄla sloužit.
Tento pohled "
+"pÅevládal stovky let."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich (usually "
+"described inaccurately as ‘making a living’), and if you don't "
+"allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't program. Everyone else is "
+"like me, so nobody will ever program. And then you'll be stuck with no "
+"programs at all!” This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice "
+"from the wise."
+msgstr ""
+"Ekonomický argument vypadá takto: âChci zbohatnout (obvykle zkreslenÄ "
+"popsáno jako âzajistit živobytÃâ), a jestli mi nedovolÃte zbohatnout "
+"programovánÃm, pak nebudu programovat. VÅ¡ichni ostatnà jsou jako já,
takže "
+"nebude nikdo nikdy programovat a potom nebudete mÃt vůbec žádné
programy!â "
+"Tato výhrůžka se obvykle prezentuje jako moudrá rada."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to address an "
+"implicit assumption that is more visible in another formulation of the "
+"argument."
+msgstr ""
+"PozdÄji vysvÄtlÃm, proÄ je tato výhrůžka âblafemâ. Nejprve se chci
zamÄÅit "
+"na fakt, který je viditelnÄjÅ¡Ã, pokud argument zformulujeme jinak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a proprietary "
+"program with that of no program, and then concludes that proprietary "
+"software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be "
+"encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two outcomes—"
+"proprietary software versus no software—and assuming there are no "
+"other possibilities."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato formulace zaÄÃná srovnánÃm spoleÄenské užiteÄnosti
proprietárnÃho "
+"programu a následků neexistence programů, a poté dospÃvá k poznatku,
že "
+"vývoj proprietárnÃho softwaru je, obecnÄ vzato, pÅÃnosný a mÄl by
být "
+"podporován. Klam je zde v porovnávánà pouze dvou východisek â
proprietárnà "
+"software oproti žádnému software â a pÅedstÃránÃ, že zde nejsou
jiné "
+"možnosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Given a system of [-intellectual property,-] {+software copyright,+}
+# | software development is usually linked with the existence of an owner who
+# | controls the software's use. As long as this linkage exists, we are often
+# | faced with the choice of proprietary software or none. However, this
+# | linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific
+# | social/legal policy decision that we are questioning: the decision to have
+# | owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software [-vs.-]
+# | {+versus+} no software is begging the question.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Given a system of intellectual property, software development is usually "
+#| "linked with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. "
+#| "As long as this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of "
+#| "proprietary software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or "
+#| "inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy "
+#| "decision that we are questioning: the decision to have owners. To "
+#| "formulate the choice as between proprietary software vs. no software is "
+#| "begging the question."
+msgid ""
+"Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually linked "
+"with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. As long as "
+"this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of proprietary "
+"software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it "
+"is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy decision that we are "
+"questioning: the decision to have owners. To formulate the choice as "
+"between proprietary software versus no software is begging the question."
+msgstr ""
+"V systému intelektuálnÃho vlastnictvÃ, je vývoj software obvykle spojen
s "
+"existencà vlastnÃka, který kontroluje jeho použitÃ. Pokud platà tento "
+"pÄedpoklad, musÃme si vybrat mezi proprietárnÃm software a žádným
software. "
+"AvÅ¡ak toto spojenà nenà neodmyslitelné Äi nevyhnutelné; je to následek
"
+"specifických sociálnÄ-právnÃch politických rozhodnutÃ. MÄli bychom se
spÃÅ¡e "
+"ptát: âmÃt Äi nemÃt vlastnÃky?â Formulovat otázku jako volbu mezi "
+"proprietárnÃm softwarem a žádným software je Å¡patný start."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The Argument against Having Owners"
+msgstr "Argument proti existenci vlastnÃků"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked "
+"with having owners to restrict the use of it?”"
+msgstr ""
+"Vyvstává otázka: âMÄl by být vývoj software spojen s existencÃ
vlastnÃků "
+"omezujÃcÃch jeho použitÃ?â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of each of "
+"those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of developing the "
+"software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect of "
+"restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If one of "
+"these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be better off "
+"dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one."
+msgstr ""
+"Abychom se mohli rozhodnout, musÃme <em>nezávisle</em> posoudit následky "
+"obou tÄchto aktivit pro spoleÄnost: následeky vývoje software (nehledÄ
na "
+"podmÃnky jeho distribuce), a následky omezenà jeho použità (v
pÅÃpadÄ, že "
+"byl již software vyvinut). Jestliže jedna z tÄchto aktivit je prospÄÅ¡ná
a ta "
+"druhá je Å¡kodlivá, udÄlali bychom lépe jejich separovánÃm a bylo by
lepšà "
+"provádÄt jen tu prospÄÅ¡nou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program already "
+"developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical software developer "
+"will reject the option of doing so."
+msgstr ""
+"JeÅ¡tÄ jinak ÅeÄeno, jestliže je omezenà distribuce již vyvinutého
software "
+"Å¡kodlivé pro celou spoleÄnost, pak eticky smýšlejÃcà vývojáŠtuto
možnost "
+"odmÃtne."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare the value "
+"to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with that of the same "
+"program, available to everyone. This means comparing two possible worlds."
+msgstr ""
+"K urÄenà úÄinku omezenà sdÃlenà potÅebujeme porovnat hodnotu, kterou "
+"spoleÄnosti dává omezený program (napÅ. proprietárnÃ), s hodnotou
programu, "
+"dostupného každému. To znamená porovnat dva možné svÄty."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes made that "
+"“the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a program "
+"is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.” This counterargument "
+"assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in magnitude. The analysis "
+"involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows that the benefit is much "
+"greater."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato analýza také vynášà na svÄtlo jednoduchý protiargument
âprospÄch "
+"bližnÃho z kopie programu jemu nebo jà dané je vymazán Å¡kodou
uÄinÄnou "
+"vlastnÃkovi.â Tento protiargument pÅedpokládá, že Å¡koda a užitek
majà "
+"stejnou hodnotu. Tato analýza zahrnuje porovnánà tÄchto hodnot a ukazuje,
že "
+"pÅÃnos je mnohem vÄtÅ¡Ã."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road "
+"construction."
+msgstr "K objasnÄnà použijme tento argument v jiné oblasti: stavbÄ
silnic."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls. This "
+"would entail having toll booths at all street corners. Such a system would "
+"provide a great incentive to improve roads. It would also have the virtue "
+"of causing the users of any given road to pay for that road. However, a "
+"toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth driving—artificial, "
+"because it is not a consequence of how roads or cars work."
+msgstr ""
+"Bylo by možné financovat stavbu všech cest mýtným. To by vyžadovalo
budku na "
+"výbÄr mýtného na rohu každé ulice. Takovýto systém by poskytoval
velký "
+"stimul pro vylepÅ¡ovánà cest a nutil vÅ¡echny ÅidiÄe za takové cesty
platit. "
+"AvÅ¡ak budka na výbÄr mýtného je umÄlá pÅekážka hladké jÃzdy.
UmÄlá, protože "
+"to nenà důsledek toho, jak cesty nebo auta fungujÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that (all "
+"else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to construct, "
+"cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.<a href=\"#f2\">(2)</a> In "
+"a poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable to many citizens. The "
+"roads without toll booths thus offer more benefit to society at less cost; "
+"they are preferable for society. Therefore, society should choose to fund "
+"roads in another way, not by means of toll booths. Use of roads, once "
+"built, should be free."
+msgstr ""
+"PorovnánÃm bezplatných cest a placených cest dle jejich užiteÄnosti "
+"zjistÃme, že (vÅ¡e ostatnà je stejné) výstavba cest bez poplatků je
levnÄjÅ¡Ã, "
+"provoz je levnÄjÅ¡Ã, bezpeÄnÄjÅ¡Ã, a jsou vhodnÄjÅ¡Ã. <a
href=\"#f2\">(2)</a> V "
+"chudé zemi mohou poplatky znepÅÃstupnit cesty mnoha obÄanům. Cesty bez
bez "
+"budek pro výbÄr mýtného tak nabÃzejà spoleÄnosti vÃce užitku pÅi
menÅ¡Ãch "
+"nákladech; jsou pro spoleÄnost výhodnÄjÅ¡Ã. TudÞ by mÄla spoleÄnost
zvolit "
+"jiný způsob financovánà cest, než pomocà výbÄru mýtného. Každý by
mÄl mÃt "
+"právo svobodnÄ a bez poplatků použÃvat cesty, které byly již jednou "
+"postaveny."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When the advocates of toll booths propose them as <em>merely</em> a way of "
+"raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll booths do "
+"raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they degrade the "
+"road. The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving us more or "
+"technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this means "
+"substituting toll roads for free roads."
+msgstr ""
+"Když toto obhájci výbÄru mýtného pÅedkládajà jako <em>pouhý</em>
způsob "
+"vybÃránà penÄz, zkreslujà realitu. VýbÄr poplatků zvyÅ¡uje kapitál,
ale "
+"stejnÄ tak dobÅe způsobuje i nÄco jiného: ve výsledku znehodnocuje
cestu. "
+"Takto omezovaná cesta nenà tak dobrá jako bezplatná cesta: pÅijmutÃ
vÃce (a "
+"technicky vyspÄlejÅ¡Ãch) cest nenà vylepÅ¡enÃ, pokud to znamená zámÄnu
volných "
+"cest za omezené cesty."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the public "
+"must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability of toll "
+"booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for our money by "
+"buying a free road."
+msgstr ""
+"Výstavba bezplatných cest samozÅejmÄ stojà penÃze, které musÃ
veÅejnost "
+"nÄjak zaplatit. AvÅ¡ak to neznamená nevyhnutelnÄ, že bychom museli
omezovat "
+"silnice budkami na výbÄr mýtného. My, kdož stejnÄ musÃme platit,
zÃskáme za "
+"své penÃze vÃce, když za nÄ poÅÃdÃme volnou cestu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all. That would "
+"be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the road—but "
+"this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector. However, as long as the "
+"toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is better to raise "
+"the funds in a less obstructive fashion."
+msgstr ""
+"NesnažÃm se ÅÃci, že cesty s budkami pro výbÄr mýtného jsou horÅ¡Ã
než žádné "
+"cesty. To by byla pravda, kdyby byly polatky tak velké, že to bylo pro "
+"potenciálnà uživatele cesty neakceptovatelné â ale je
nepravdÄpodobné, že by "
+"spoleÄnost vybÃrajÃcà poplatky zvolila takovou politiku. Dokud vÅ¡ak
placené "
+"cesty způsobujà nazanedbatelné Å¡kody a obtÞe, je lepÅ¡Ã organizovat
výbÄr "
+"penÄz nÄjakou jednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã cestou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show that "
+"having “toll booths” for useful software programs costs society "
+"dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more expensive to "
+"distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use. It will follow that "
+"program construction should be encouraged in some other way. Then I will go "
+"on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to the extent actually "
+"necessary) funding software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Použiji nynà stejného argumentu pro vývoj software a ukážu, že
existence "
+"âmýtnéhoâ za užiteÄný software stojà spoleÄnost mnoho: zvyÅ¡uje to
náklady "
+"potÅebné na výrobu takového software a na distribuci. Takové programy
pak "
+"jsou ménÄ vhodné a výkonné. Budu tedy pokraÄovat tÃm, že výroba
programů by "
+"mÄla být podporována nÄjakým jiným způsobem. Poté pokroÄÃm k
vysvÄtlenà "
+"jiných metod podpory a financovánà vývoje software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "The Harm Done by Obstructing Software"
+msgstr "Å kody způsobené svazovánÃm softwarem"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any necessary "
+"payments for its development have been made; now society must choose either "
+"to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use. Assume that the "
+"existence of the program and its availability is a desirable thing.<a href="
+"\"#f3\">(3)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Uvažujme pro tuto chvÃli, že program byl vyvinut a jakékoliv potÅebné
platby "
+"za jeho vývoj byly splaceny; nynà si spoleÄnost musà vybrat mezi
uÄinÄnÃm "
+"programu proprietárnÃm, nebo povolenÃm jeho svobodného užÃvánà a
sdÃlenÃ. "
+"PÅedpokládejme, že existence programu a jeho dostupnost je žádoucÃ. <a
href="
+"\"#f3\">(3)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program cannot "
+"facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can only be "
+"negative. But how much? And what kind?"
+msgstr ""
+"Omezenà distribuce a modifikace programu nemůže jeho použità usnadnit,
může "
+"pouze pÅekážet. Takže úÄinek může být pouze negativnÃ. Ale jak moc?
A jakým "
+"způsobem?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:"
+msgstr "Takové blokovánà způsobuje tÅi druhy materiálnà škody:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Fewer people use the program."
+msgstr "Program použÃvá ménÄ lidÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "None of the users can adapt or fix the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Nikdo z uživatelů nemůže program pÅizpůsobit svým potÅebám nebo
opravit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work on it."
+msgstr ""
+"Ostatnà vývojáÅi se nemohou z programu uÄit, nebo na nÄm založit svoji
novou "
+"práci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial harm. "
+"This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their subsequent "
+"feelings, attitudes, and predispositions. These changes in people's ways of "
+"thinking will then have a further effect on their relationships with their "
+"fellow citizens, and can have material consequences."
+msgstr ""
+"Každou úroveŠmateriálnà škody provázà také škoda
psycho-sociálnÃ. Poukazuji "
+"tÃm na úÄinek, který majà lidská rozhodnutà na jejich následujÃcÃ
pocity, "
+"postoje a náchylnosti. Tyto zmÄny v lidském způsobu myÅ¡lenà budou mÃt "
+"pozdÄjÅ¡Ã vliv na jejich vztah s jejich bližnÃmi, a mohou mÃt
materiálnà "
+"následky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the program "
+"could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they waste nearly "
+"all the value of the program, then writing the program harms society by at "
+"most the effort that went into writing the program. Arguably a program that "
+"is profitable to sell must provide some net direct material benefit."
+msgstr ""
+"Tyto tÅi úrovnÄ materiálnÃch Å¡kod plýtvajà Äástà hodnoty, kterou
může "
+"program pÅinést, ale nemohou ji zredukovat na nulu. Jestliže promarnà "
+"vÄtÅ¡inu z hodnoty programu, pak napsánà programu poÅ¡kodà spoleÄnost
nanejvýš "
+"s takovou intenzitou, jakou jsme vÄnovali do jeho vytvoÅenÃ. (v takovém "
+"pÅÃpadÄ bude program sice perfektnÄ bezcenný, ale nikoho nepoÅ¡kodà â
pozn. "
+"korek.) Každý program, který se úspÄÅ¡nÄ prodává, musà samozÅejmÄ
pÅinášet "
+"nÄjaký materiálnà užitek."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there is no "
+"limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do."
+msgstr ""
+"AvÅ¡ak s pÅihlédnutÃm k průvodnÃm psycho-sociálnÃm Å¡kodám zde nenÃ
žádná "
+"hranice, kolik Å¡kody může vývoj proprietárnÃho software způsobit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Obstructing Use of Programs"
+msgstr "Blokovánà použÃvánà programů"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy of a "
+"program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing "
+"the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero price. A "
+"license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program. If a widely "
+"useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Prvnà úroveŠpoškozovánà bránà samotnému použità programu.
VytvoÅenà kopie "
+"programu má témÄÅ nulové náklady (a můžete si zaplatit tyto náklady
tÃm, že "
+"udÄláte práci sami), takže na volném trhu by mÄl témÄÅ nulovou cenu.
"
+"LicenÄnà polatek je významná pÅekážka použÃvánà programu. Je-li
nÄjaký "
+"vysoce užiteÄný program proprietárnÃ, bude ho použÃvat daleko ménÄ
lidÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society is "
+"reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of the program, "
+"faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego use "
+"of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum transfer of "
+"wealth between two parties. But each time someone chooses to forego use of "
+"the program, this harms that person without benefiting anyone. The sum of "
+"negative numbers and zeros must be negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Je snadné ukázat, že celkový pÅÃspÄvek programu pro spoleÄnost je
snÞen "
+"tÃm, že mu pÅiÅadÃme vlastnÃka. Každý potenciálnà uživatel
programu, "
+"konfrontovaný s nutnostà zaplatit za jeho použitÃ, může zvolit
zaplacenÃ, "
+"nebo se může použità programu vzdát. Když uživatel zvolà platbu, pak
je to "
+"celkovÄ nulový pÅesun bohatstvà mezi dvÄma stranami. Ale pokaždé,
když se "
+"nÄkdo vzdá použità programu, tuto osobu to poÅ¡kodÃ, aniž by mÄl
nÄkdo jiný "
+"užitek. SouÄet záporných ÄÃsel a nul musà být záporný."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to <em>develop</em> the "
+"program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in delivered "
+"user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced."
+msgstr ""
+"Toto však nezmenšà množstvà práce vynaložené na <em>vývoj</em>
programu. "
+"Výsledkem je snÞenà úÄinnosti celého procesu v v pÅepoÄtu na jednu
hodinu "
+"práce vývojáÅe."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and cars, "
+"chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material objects "
+"outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy; anyone can "
+"produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little effort. This isn't "
+"true for material objects because matter is conserved: each new copy has to "
+"be built from raw materials in the same way that the first copy was built."
+msgstr ""
+"Toto odrážà rozhodujÃcà rozdÃl mezi kopÃrovánÃm programů a aut,
židlÃ, nebo "
+"sendviÄů. Mimo vÄdeckou fikci neexistuje žádný kopÃrovacà stroj na
hmotné "
+"objekty, ale je lehké kopÃrovat programy. Kdokoliv může velmi jednoduÅ¡e "
+"vytvoÅit tolik kopiÃ, kolik je potÅeba. To nenà možné u hmotných
objektů, "
+"protože platà zákon zachovánà hmoty: každá nová kopie musà být
vytvoÅena "
+"stejným způsobem a se stejnou spotÅebou surovin, jako ta prvnÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense, because fewer "
+"objects bought means less raw material and work needed to make them. It's "
+"true that there is usually also a startup cost, a development cost, which is "
+"spread over the production run. But as long as the marginal cost of "
+"production is significant, adding a share of the development cost does not "
+"make a qualitative difference. And it does not require restrictions on the "
+"freedom of ordinary users."
+msgstr ""
+"U hmotných vÄcà omezenà na jejich použità dává smysl, protože ménÄ
koupených "
+"vÄcà znamená ménÄ surovin a práce potÅebné k jejich vytvoÅenÃ. Je
pravda, že "
+"jsou u nich obvykle také poÄáteÄnà náklady, náklady na vývoj, které
jsou "
+"rozloženy pÅes celý průbÄh výroby. Ale dokud jsou kritické náklady
produkce "
+"nÄkde jinde, rozloženà nákladů na vývoj nezpůsobà kvalitativnÃ
rozdÃl. A "
+"nevyžaduje to omezenà svobody bÄžných uživatelů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is a "
+"qualitative change. A centrally imposed fee for software distribution "
+"becomes a powerful disincentive."
+msgstr ""
+"AvÅ¡ak uloženà ceny za nÄco, co by jinak bylo bezplatné, je kvalitativnÃ
"
+"zmÄna. Centrálnà uvalenà ceny na distribuci softwaru se stává silnou "
+"pÅekážkou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even as a "
+"means of delivering copies of software. This system involves enclosing "
+"physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping large numbers of "
+"them around the world, and storing them for sale. This cost is presented as "
+"an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part of the waste caused by "
+"having owners."
+msgstr ""
+"A co vÃc, centrálnà produkce, jak je nynà praktikována, je neúÄinná
dokonce "
+"i jako prostÅedek doruÄovánà kopià software. Tento systém zahrnuje
uzavÃránà "
+"fyzických disků nebo pásek do nadbyteÄných balÃků, pÅepravovánÃ
jejich "
+"velkého množstvà po svÄtÄ, a jejich uskladÅovánà pro prodej. Tyto
náklady "
+"jsou prezentovány jako výdaje na obchodovánÃ; ve skuteÄnosti je to
Äást "
+"ztrát způsobených existencà vlastnÃků."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Damaging Social Cohesion"
+msgstr "Poškozovánà sociálnà soudržnosti"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a "
+"certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel that "
+"proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it. A "
+"proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while restraining the "
+"other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should find it acceptable."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅedpokládejme, že vy i váš bližnà shledáte užiteÄným nÄjaký
program. "
+"Vzhledem k etice vůÄi vaÅ¡emu bližnÃmu by jste mÄli cÃtit, že pokud se
"
+"zachováte správnÄ, budete ho moci použÃvat oba. Povolenà k
použÃvánà "
+"programu pouze jednÃm z vás a potlaÄenÃm toho druhého, rozdÄlujuje "
+"spoleÄnost. Ani vy, ani váš bližnÃ, byste si nemÄli myslet, že toto je
"
+"normálnà a akceptovatelné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your neighbor: "
+"“I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that I can have a "
+"copy for myself.” People who make such choices feel internal "
+"psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the importance of "
+"helping one's neighbors—thus public spirit suffers. This is "
+"psychosocial harm associated with the material harm of discouraging use of "
+"the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Podepsánà typické smlouvy o akceptovánà softwarové licence znamená
zradu "
+"vaÅ¡eho bližnÃho: âSlibuji odepÅÃt bližnÃmu tento program, abych mohl
zÃskat "
+"vlastnà kopii.â Lidé, kteÅà dÄlajà taková rozhodnutÃ, cÃtÃ
vnitÅnà "
+"psychologický tlak ospravedlnit se â snÞenÃm důležitosti pomoci
bližnÃmu â "
+"tak utrpà veÅejný duch. Toto je psychologické poÅ¡kozenà spojené s
hmotným "
+"poÅ¡kozenÃm způsobeným odrazenÃm od použità programu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so they "
+"decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway. But they "
+"often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must break the laws "
+"in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider the laws "
+"authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor (which they are) "
+"is naughty or shameful. That is also a kind of psychosocial harm, but one "
+"can escape it by deciding that these licenses and laws have no moral force."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho uživatelů podvÄdomÄ rozpozná Å¡patnost odmÃtnutà sdÃlenÃ, a
tak se "
+"rozhodnou ignorovat licence a zákony, a programy pÅesto sdÃlejÃ. Ale
Äasto "
+"se tÃmto konánÃm cÃtà vinni. VÄdÃ, že musà poruÅ¡it zákon, aby byli
dobrými "
+"bližnÃmi, ale poÅád si považujà autoritu zákona, a usuzujÃ, že být
dobrým "
+"bližnÃm (kterým jsou) je nemravné Äi hanebné. Toto je také druh "
+"psychosociálnÃch Å¡kod, ale můžeme jim uniknout rozhodnutÃm, že
takovéto "
+"licence a zákony nemajà žádnou morálnà moc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users will not "
+"be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of cynicism or "
+"denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the work that he finds "
+"technically exciting; then when asked, “Will I be permitted to use it?"
+"”, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no. To avoid feeling "
+"discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the time or adopts a "
+"cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of it."
+msgstr ""
+"ProgramátoÅi také utrpà psychosociálnà škody pokud si uvÄdomÃ, že
mnoha "
+"uživatelům nebude dovoleno použÃvat jejich práci. Toto vede k postoji "
+"cynismu Äi odmÃtánÃ. Programátor může s nadÅ¡enÃm popisovat práci,
kterou "
+"shledává technicky vzruÅ¡ujÃcÃ, ale poté, když je dotázán âBude mi
povoleno "
+"to použÃvat?â, povadne mu tváŠa pÅizná, že odpovÄÄ je âneâ.
Aby se vyhnul "
+"pocitu odrazenÃ, buÄ vÄtÅ¡inou tento fakt ignoruje, nebo pÅijme cynický "
+"postoj navržený k minimalizaci jeho osobnà důležitosti. [tÃm se
zÅejmÄ myslà "
+"postoj: âStejnÄ s tÃm nemohu nic dÄlat.â â pozn. korek.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States is not "
+"technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together for the "
+"public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the expense of "
+"the latter."
+msgstr ""
+"Od Reaganovy éry nenà nejvÄtÅ¡Ãm nedostatkem ve Spojených Státech
technická "
+"inovace, ale spÃÅ¡e neochota pracovat spoleÄnÄ pro dobro veÅejnosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Obstructing Custom Adaptation of Programs"
+msgstr "Zamezenà uživatelských pÅizpůsobenà programů"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs. The "
+"ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over older "
+"technology. But most commercially available software isn't available for "
+"modification, even after you buy it. It's available for you to take it or "
+"leave it, as a black box—that is all."
+msgstr ""
+"Druhou úrovnà materiálnà škody je neschopnost upravovat programy. "
+"Jednoduchost modifikacà softwaru je jednou z jeho velkých výhod pÅed "
+"starÅ¡Ãmi technologiemi. Ale vÄtÅ¡inu komerÄnÄ dostupného softwaru
nemůžeme "
+"modifikovat, dokonce ani poté, co si ho koupÃme. Můžete ho vzÃt, nebo
nechat "
+"být, jako Äernou skÅÃÅku â to je vÅ¡e."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose meaning is "
+"obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily change the numbers "
+"to make the program do something different."
+msgstr ""
+"Spustitelný program se skládá ze série ÄÃsel, jejichž význam je
utajen. "
+"Nikdo, dokonce ani dobrý programátor, nemůže jednoduÅ¡e zmÄnit ÄÃsla
tak, aby "
+"program dÄlal nÄco jiného."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a program, "
+"which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C. It uses "
+"names to designate the data being used and the parts of the program, and it "
+"represents operations with symbols such as ‘+’ for addition and "
+"‘-’ for subtraction. It is designed to help programmers read "
+"and change programs. Here is an example; a program to calculate the "
+"distance between two points in a plane:"
+msgstr ""
+"ProgramátoÅi normálnÄ pracujà se âzdrojovým kódemâ programu,
který je psán v "
+"programovacÃm jazyce jako Fortran nebo C. PoužÃvá názvy pro
pojmenovánà "
+"použitých dat a Äástà programu, a reprezentuje operace, symboly jako '+'
pro "
+"sÄÃtánà a '-' pro odeÄÃtánÃ. Je urÄen, aby pomohl programátorům
ÄÃst a mÄnit "
+"programy. Zde je pÅÃklad; program na výpoÄet vzdálenosti mezi dvÄma
body v "
+"rovinÄ:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" float\n"
+" distance (p0, p1)\n"
+" struct point p0, p1;\n"
+" {\n"
+" float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n"
+" float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n"
+" return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n"
+" }\n"
+msgstr ""
+" float\n"
+" distance (p0, p1)\n"
+" struct point p0, p1;\n"
+" {\n"
+" float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n"
+" float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n"
+" return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n"
+" }\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Here-]{+Precisely what that source code means+} is {+not+} the {+point;
+# | the point is that it looks like algebra, and a person who knows this
+# | programming language will find it meaningful and clear. By contrast, here
+# | is+} same program in executable form, on the computer I normally [-use:-]
+# | {+used when I wrote this:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Here is the same program in executable form, on the computer I normally "
+#| "use:"
+msgid ""
+"Precisely what that source code means is not the point; the point is that it "
+"looks like algebra, and a person who knows this programming language will "
+"find it meaningful and clear. By contrast, here is same program in "
+"executable form, on the computer I normally used when I wrote this:"
+msgstr ""
+"Zde je stejný program ve spustitelné podobÄ, na poÄÃtaÄi, který
normálnÄ "
+"použÃvám:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n"
+" 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n"
+" -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n"
+" 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n"
+" 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n"
+msgstr ""
+" 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n"
+" 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n"
+" -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n"
+" 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n"
+" 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a program. But "
+"most users are not allowed to have copies of the source code. Usually the "
+"source code for a proprietary program is kept secret by the owner, lest "
+"anybody else learn something from it. Users receive only the files of "
+"incomprehensible numbers that the computer will execute. This means that "
+"only the program's owner can change the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Zdrojový kód je užiteÄný (alespoÅ potenciálnÄ) vÅ¡em uživatelům
programu. Ale "
+"vÄtÅ¡inÄ uživatelů nenà dovoleno zÃskat kopii zdrojového kódu.
Zpravidla je "
+"zdrojový kód proprietárnÃho programu tajemstvÃm vlastnÃka, aby se z
nÄj "
+"nemohl nikdo jiný nic nauÄit. Uživatelé obdržà pouze soubory "
+"nesrozumitelných ÄÃsel, která poÄÃtaÄ zpracuje. To znamená, že
program může "
+"modifikovat pouze jeho vlastnÃk."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about six "
+"months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially "
+"available. She believed that if she could have gotten source code for that "
+"commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to their "
+"needs. The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted to—"
+"the source code was a secret. So she had to do six months of make-work, "
+"work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste."
+msgstr ""
+"PÅÃtelkynÄ mi jednou Åekla o své práci jako programátor v bance, kdy
asi "
+"Å¡est mÄsÃců psala program podobný jinému komerÄnÄ dostupnému.
VÄÅila, že "
+"kdyby zÃskala zdrojový kód tohoto komerÄnÄ dostupného programu, mohla
by ho "
+"jednoduÅ¡e upravit pro jejich potÅeby. Banka byla ochotna za nÄj zaplatit, "
+"ale nemohla â zdrojový kód byl tajemstvÃ. A tak musela strávit Å¡est
mÄsÃců "
+"pracÃ, pracà která se zapoÄetla do hrubého národnÃho produktu, ale
která "
+"byla ve skuteÄnosti plýtvánÃm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> "
+"Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a gift "
+"from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software to which we added many "
+"convenient features. For example, the software would notify a user "
+"immediately on completion of a print job. Whenever the printer had trouble, "
+"such as a paper jam or running out of paper, the software would immediately "
+"notify all users who had print jobs queued. These features facilitated "
+"smooth operation."
+msgstr ""
+"LaboratoÅ UmÄlé Inteligence (laboratoÅ UI) na <abbr title=\"Massachusetts
"
+"Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> dostala kolem roku 1977 jako dárek "
+"grafickou tiskárnu od Xeroxu. Byla obsluhována svobodným softwarem, ke "
+"kterému jsme pÅidali mnoho pro nás výhodných vlastnostÃ. NapÅÃklad
aby "
+"software upozornil uživatele bezprostÅednÄ po dokonÄenà tisku. Kdykoliv
by "
+"mÄla tiskárna problémy, jako zmaÄkaný papÃr nebo nedostatek papÃru,
software "
+"by okamžitÄ upozornil vÅ¡echny uživatele, kteÅà by mÄli ve frontÄ
nÄjakou "
+"tiskovou úlohu. [Pokud zadáte pÅÃkaz k tisku a nÄkdo jiný právÄ nÄco
tiskne, "
+"vaÅ¡e úloha je prostÄ zaÅazena do fronty a Äeká, až na ni pÅijde
Åada. V "
+"dobách, kdy byla tiskárna spoleÄná pro mnoho lidà z laboratoÅe, jste
Äasto "
+"byli až nÄkolikátà na poÅadnÃku a tiskárna se mohla zaseknout klidnÄ
jeÅ¡tÄ "
+"pÅedtÃm než vůbec zaÄala zpracovávat vaÅ¡i úlohu â pozn. korek.]
Tyto "
+"vlastnosti napomáhaly hladké práci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first laser "
+"printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a separate "
+"dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite features. We "
+"could arrange to send a notification when a print job was sent to the "
+"dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually printed (and the delay "
+"was usually considerable). There was no way to find out when the job was "
+"actually printed; you could only guess. And no one was informed when there "
+"was a paper jam, so the printer often went for an hour without being fixed."
+msgstr ""
+"PozdÄji dal Xerox laboratoÅi UI novÄjÅ¡Ã, rychlejÅ¡Ã tiskárnu, jednu z
prvnÃch "
+"laserových tiskáren. Byla ÅÃzena proprietárnÃm softwarem, bÄžÃcÃm
na "
+"separátnÃm vyhrazeném poÄÃtaÄi, takže jsme nemohli pÅidat naÅ¡e
oblÃbená "
+"vylepÅ¡enÃ. Mohli bychom zaÅÃdit zaslánà upozornÄnÃ, když byla
tisková úloha "
+"poslána vyhrazenému poÄÃtaÄi, ale ne když byla skuteÄnÄ tiÅ¡tÄna (a
prodleva "
+"byla obvykle znaÄná). Nebyl zde způsob, jak zjistit, kdy byla úloha
skuteÄnÄ "
+"vytiÅ¡tÄna; mohli jste pouze hádat. A nikdo nebyl informován, když se "
+"zaseknul papÃr, takže tiskárna Äasto tÅeba stála hodinu bez nápravy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such problems, "
+"probably as capable as the original authors of the program. Xerox was "
+"uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we were forced to "
+"accept the problems. They were never fixed."
+msgstr ""
+"Systémovà programátoÅi byli schopnà napravit takové problémy,
pravdÄpodobnÄ "
+"stejnÄ schopnà jako původnà autoÅi programu. Xerox se ale o naÅ¡e
problémy "
+"nezajÃmal a zamezil nám v jejich nápravÄ, takže jsme byli donuceni
problémy "
+"akceptovat. Nikdy nebyly opravdu vyÅeÅ¡eny."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank could "
+"afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from scratch, but a "
+"typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up."
+msgstr ""
+"VÄtÅ¡ina dobrých programátorů má zkuÅ¡enosti s takovou frustracÃ. Banka
si "
+"může dovolit ÅeÅ¡it problém napsánÃm nového programu od nuly, ale
typický "
+"uživatel, nezáležà na tom jak dovedný, se může jen vzdát."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Giving up causes psychosocial harm—to the spirit of self-reliance. It "
+"is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange to suit your "
+"needs. It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can spread to "
+"affect other aspects of one's life. People who feel this way are unhappy "
+"and do not do good work."
+msgstr ""
+"Taková rezignace způsobuje psychosociálnà škody â Å¡kody ducha
sebedůvÄry. Je "
+"demoralizujÃcà žÃt v domÄ, který si nemůžete upravit tak, aby
vyhovoval "
+"vaÅ¡im potÅebám. To vede k rezignaci a ztrátÄ odvahy, což může
rozÅ¡ÃÅit svou "
+"působnost i do jiných aspektů života. Lidé, kteÅà se takto cÃtÃ,
jsou "
+"neÅ¡Å¥astnà a neodvádÄjà dobrou práci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same fashion as "
+"software. You might say, “How do I change this recipe to take out the "
+"salt?” and the great chef would respond, “How dare you insult my "
+"recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to tamper with it? "
+"You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and make it work right!"
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"PÅedstavte si, jaké by to bylo, kdyby byly Å¡ÃÅeny recepty na stejném "
+"podkladÄ, jako software. Můžete ÅÃct, âJak zmÄnÃm ten recept, abych "
+"odstranil sůl?â A velký šéfkuchaÅ by odpovÄdÄl, âJak si troufáš
urazit můj "
+"recept, dÃtÄ mé mysli a chuti, tÃm že s nÃm zkusÃÅ¡ zamÃchat? Nemáš
právo "
+"mÄnit můj recept, aby byl lepÅ¡Ã!â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do? Will "
+"you take out the salt for me?”"
+msgstr ""
+"âAle můj doktor ÅÃká, aÅ¥ nejÃm sůl! Co mám dÄlat? OdebereÅ¡ kvůli
mÄ sůl?â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.” Since the "
+"owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large. “However, "
+"right now I don't have time. I am busy with a commission to design a new "
+"recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department. I might get around to "
+"you in about two years.”"
+msgstr ""
+"âBude mi potÄÅ¡enÃm to udÄlat; můj poplatek je pouze 50 000 $.â Pokud
má "
+"vlastnÃk monopol na zmÄny, poplatky bývajà obrovské. âAvÅ¡ak nynÃ
nemám Äas. "
+"Jsem zamÄstnán úkolem navrhnout nový recept na lodnà suchary pro "
+"NámoÅnictvo. Mohl bych se k tomu dostat tak za dva roky.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Obstructing Software Development"
+msgstr "Blokovánà vývoje softwaru"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The third level of material harm affects software development. Software "
+"development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would take an "
+"existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then "
+"another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, "
+"this continued over a period of twenty years. Meanwhile, parts of the "
+"program would be “cannibalized” to form the beginnings of other "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+"TÅetà úroveÅ materiálnÃch Å¡kod ovlivÅuje vývoj softwaru. Tento
vývoj byl "
+"obvykle evoluÄnà proces, kde ÄlovÄk vzal existujÃcà program a pÅepsal
jeho "
+"Äásti kvůli nÄjaké nové vlastnosti, a poté jiný ÄlovÄk pÅepsal
dalÅ¡Ã Äásti, "
+"aby pÅidal jiné vlastnosti; v nÄkterých pÅÃpadech toto pokraÄovalo po
obdobà "
+"až dvaceti let. MezitÃm byly Äásti programu âkanibalizoványâ a
pÅetvoÅeny "
+"základy jiných programů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it necessary "
+"to start from scratch when developing a program. It also prevents new "
+"practitioners from studying existing programs to learn useful techniques or "
+"even how large programs can be structured."
+msgstr ""
+"Existence vlastnÃků zabraÅuje takovémuto druhu vývoje. V takovém
systému je "
+"nutné zaÄÃt s vývojem programu od nuly. Také to zabraÅuje novým "
+"profesionálům studovat existujÃcà programy, aby se pouÄili z
užiteÄných "
+"technik, nebo dokonce toho, jak mohou být strukturovány velké programy. "
+"[Velkým problémem nováÄků v programovánà je pÅi vstupu do reálného
svÄta "
+"právÄ fakt, že sice skvÄle ovládajà syntaxi, algoritmizaci, možná že
"
+"teoreticky i návrh struktury, ale ve skuteÄnosti nikdy nevidÄli design "
+"opravdu velkých projektů, na nichž chtÄ nechtÄ budou asi muset pracovat.
Na "
+"Å¡kole nikdy nebudou tvoÅit tak komplexnà projekt a pokud nemajà pÅÃstup
ke "
+"zdrojovým kódům projektů již existujÃcÃch, nemajà témÄŠžádnou
Å¡anci se s "
+"designem tak velkých projektů seznámit. â pozn. korek.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in computer "
+"science who have never seen the source code of a large program. They may be "
+"good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different "
+"skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it."
+msgstr ""
+"VlastnÃci rovnÄž zabraÅujà výuce. Potkal jsem bystré studenty
poÄÃtaÄů, "
+"kteÅà nikdy nevidÄli zdrojový kód velkého programu. Mohou být dobÅÃ
pÅi "
+"psanà malých programů, ale nikdy se nemohou zaÄÃt uÄit odliÅ¡ným
dovednostem "
+"psanà velkých programů, pokud neuvidÃ, jak to udÄlali jinÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on the "
+"shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the "
+"software field—you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people "
+"<em>in your own company</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Na jakémkoliv intelektuálnÃm poli ÄlovÄk dosáhnout výšie tak, že si
stoupne "
+"na ramena jiných. Ale toto již vÄtÅ¡inou nenà na softwarovém poli
možné â "
+"můžete pouze stanout na ramenech ostatnÃch lidà <em>ve vaÅ¡Ã
firmÄ</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific "
+"cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate even "
+"when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese oceanographers "
+"abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully preserved their "
+"work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note asking them to take good "
+"care of it."
+msgstr ""
+"S tÃmto spojené psychosociálnà škody majà vliv na vÄdeckou
spolupráci, která "
+"byla obvykle tak silná, že vÄdci spolupracovali dokonce i když jejich
zemÄ "
+"byly ve válce. V tomto duchu napÅ. opustili japonÅ¡tà oceánografové svou
"
+"laboratoÅ na ostrovÄ v Pacifiku, poté co peÄlivÄ zakonzervovali svou
práci "
+"pro pÅicházejÃcà námoÅnÃky z USA a zanechali jim zprávu s prosbou,
ať s "
+"výsledky jejich práce dobÅe naložÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared. "
+"Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers to "
+"enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough to let "
+"readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is certainly true in "
+"computer science, where the source code for the programs reported on is "
+"usually secret."
+msgstr ""
+"Konflikty kvůli zisku zniÄily i to, co mezinárodnà konflikty uÅ¡etÅily.
V "
+"dneÅ¡nà dobÄ vÄdci v mnoha oblastech vÄdy nepublikujà ve svých
dokumentech "
+"dost na to, aby byl nÄkdo schopen jejich experimenty zopakovat. Publikujà "
+"pouze dost na to, aby dovolili ÄtenáÅům podivovat se, jak mnoho dokázali
"
+"udÄlat. Toto je jistÄ pravda v poÄÃtaÄové vÄdÄ, kde jsou zdrojové
kódy "
+"vydaných programů obvykle tajné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted"
+msgstr "Nezáležà na tom, jak je sdÃlenà omezováno"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying, "
+"changing, and building on a program. I have not specified how this "
+"obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion. "
+"Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or "
+"encryption, or <acronym title=\"Read-only Memory\">ROM</acronym> cards, or "
+"hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in preventing use, it does "
+"harm."
+msgstr ""
+"Diskutoval jsem následky bránÄnà lidem v kopÃrovánÃ, modifikovánà a
tvorbÄ "
+"programů. NeupÅesnil jsem ale, jak je toto bránÄnà provádÄno, protože
to "
+"nemá žádný vliv na výsledek. Zda je to provádÄno ochranou proti
kopÃrovánÃ, "
+"nebo copyrightem, nebo licencemi, nebo Å¡ifrovánÃm, nebo <abbr
title=\"Read-"
+"only Memory\">ROM</abbr> kartami, nebo hardwarovými sériovými ÄÃsly,
je-li "
+"to <em>úspÄÅ¡né</em> bránÄnà v použÃvánÃ, pak to Å¡kodÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others. I "
+"suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their "
+"objective."
+msgstr ""
+"Uživatelé považujà nÄkteré z tÄchto metod za ménÄ pÅÃjemné, než
ostatnÃ. "
+"Podotýkám, že nejvÃce nenávidÄné metody jsou ty, které dosáhnou
svého cÃle."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Software Should be Free"
+msgstr "Software by mÄl být svobodný"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have shown how ownership of a program—the power to restrict changing "
+"or copying it—is obstructive. Its negative effects are widespread and "
+"important. It follows that society shouldn't have owners for programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Ukázal jsem, jakou je vlastnictvà programu (moc omezit jeho zmÄny Äi "
+"kopÃrovánÃ) pÅekážkou. Jeho negativnà úÄinky jsou rozÅ¡ÃÅené a
důležité. Z "
+"toho vyplývá, že spoleÄnost by nemÄla mÃt vlastnÃky programů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free software, "
+"and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging the substitute "
+"is not a rational way to get what we need."
+msgstr ""
+"Můžeme tomu porozumÄt také tak, že spoleÄnost potÅebuje svobodný
software, a "
+"proprietárnà software je jen jeho chabou náhražkou. PodporovánÃ
náhražky "
+"nenà racionálnà způsob, jak dosáhnou toho, co potÅebujeme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Vaclav Havel has advised us to “Work for something because it is good, "
+"not just because it stands a chance to succeed.” A business making "
+"proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow terms, but "
+"it is not what is good for society."
+msgstr ""
+"Václav Havel nám radil: âPracujte pro nÄco proto, že je to dobré, ne
jen "
+"proto, že to má vyhlÃdku na úspÄch.â Pro obchod jako takový s jeho "
+"specifickými cÃli je proprietárnà software zÅejmÄ výhodný, ale nenÃ
výhodný "
+"pro spoleÄnost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why People Will Develop Software"
+msgstr "ProÄ budou lidé vyvÃjet software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If we eliminate [-intellectual property-] {+copyright+} as a means of
+# | encouraging people to develop software, at first less software will be
+# | developed, but that software will be more useful. It is not clear whether
+# | the overall delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if
+# | we wish to increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage
+# | development, just as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money for
+# | streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I want to
+# | question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we eliminate intellectual property as a means of encouraging people to "
+#| "develop software, at first less software will be developed, but that "
+#| "software will be more useful. It is not clear whether the overall "
+#| "delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to "
+#| "increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage development, just "
+#| "as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money for streets. Before "
+#| "I talk about how that can be done, first I want to question how much "
+#| "artificial encouragement is truly necessary."
+msgid ""
+"If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging people to develop "
+"software, at first less software will be developed, but that software will "
+"be more useful. It is not clear whether the overall delivered user "
+"satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to increase it "
+"anyway, there are other ways to encourage development, just as there are "
+"ways besides toll booths to raise money for streets. Before I talk about how "
+"that can be done, first I want to question how much artificial encouragement "
+"is truly necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Jestliže eliminujeme intelektuálnà vlastnictvà jako prostÅedek k
podpoÅe "
+"lidà k vývoji softwaru, zpoÄátku bude vyvÃjeno ménÄ softwaru, ale
tento "
+"software bude užiteÄnÄjÅ¡Ã. Nenà jasné, že celková spokojenost
uživatelů bude "
+"menÅ¡Ã; ale jestli bude, nebo budeme-li si pÅát jakkoliv ji zvýšit, jsou
zde "
+"jiné způsoby podpory vývoje, tak jako jsou zde i jiné způsoby na
shánÄnà "
+"pÄnÄz pro silnice než vybÃránà mÃtného. PÅedtÃm než ale budu
mluvit o tom, "
+"jak to může být provedeno, chtÄl bych položit otázku, kolik umÄlé
podpory je "
+"opravdu potÅeba."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Programming is Fun"
+msgstr "Programovánà je zábava"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money; road "
+"construction, for example. There are other fields of study and art in which "
+"there is little chance to become rich, which people enter for their "
+"fascination or their perceived value to society. Examples include "
+"mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and political "
+"organizing among working people. People compete, more sadly than bitterly, "
+"for the few funded positions available, none of which is funded very well. "
+"They may even pay for the chance to work in the field, if they can afford to."
+msgstr ""
+"Existujà obory práce, do kterých vstoupà málokdo jinak než kvůli
penÄzům, "
+"napÅÃklad stavba silnic. Jsou zde jiné oblasti studium a umÄnÃ, ve
kterých "
+"je malá šance zbohatnout, ale do kterých lidé vstupujà z nadšenà nebo
jejich "
+"znatelnou hodnotu pro spoleÄnost. PÅÃklady zahrnujà matematickou logiku, "
+"klasickou hudbu a archeologii; a politické organizovánà mezi pracujÃcÃmi
"
+"lidmi. Lidé soutÄžà o pár dostupných prestižnÃch pozic, z nichž
žádná nenà "
+"financována pÅÃliÅ¡ dobÅe. Mohou si dokonce i platit za možnost pracovat
v "
+"dané oblasti, pokud si to mohou dovolit."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the "
+"possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand the "
+"same opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing what "
+"they used to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by, everyone "
+"connected with the field will deride the idea that work would be done in the "
+"field without large financial returns. They will advise social planners to "
+"ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing special privileges, "
+"powers, and monopolies as necessary to do so."
+msgstr ""
+"Taková oblast se může pÅes noc zmÄnit, jestliže zaÄne nabÃzet
možnost "
+"zbohatnutÃ. Když jeden pracovnÃk zbohatne, ostatnà požadujà stejnou "
+"pÅÃležitost. Brzy mohou vÅ¡ichni požadovat velké sumy penÄz za práci,
kterou "
+"pÅedtÃm dÄlali pro radost. Když pÅejde pár let, vÅ¡ichni spojenà s
touto "
+"oblastà se budou vysmÃvat myÅ¡lence, že by práce v oblasti mohla být
udÄlána "
+"bez velkých finanÄnÃch výnosů. Budou radit sociálnÃm plánovaÄům,
aby "
+"zajistili možnost tÄchto výnosů naÅÃzenÃm speciálnÃch privilegiÃ,
mocà a "
+"monopoly, jak jen je to potÅebné."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This change happened in the field of computer programming in the [-past
+# | decade. Fifteen years ago,-] {+1980s. In the 1970s,+} there were
+# | articles on “computer addiction”: users were
+# | “onlining” and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was
+# | generally understood that people frequently loved programming enough to
+# | break up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one
+# | would program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what
+# | they knew [-fifteen years ago.-] {+back then.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This change happened in the field of computer programming in the past "
+#| "decade. Fifteen years ago, there were articles on “computer "
+#| "addiction”: users were “onlining” and had hundred-"
+#| "dollar-a-week habits. It was generally understood that people frequently "
+#| "loved programming enough to break up their marriages. Today, it is "
+#| "generally understood that no one would program except for a high rate of "
+#| "pay. People have forgotten what they knew fifteen years ago."
+msgid ""
+"This change happened in the field of computer programming in the 1980s. In "
+"the 1970s, there were articles on “computer addiction”: users "
+"were “onlining” and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was "
+"generally understood that people frequently loved programming enough to "
+"break up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one "
+"would program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what they "
+"knew back then."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato zmÄna se stala v oblasti poÄÃtaÄového programovánà v uplynulé
dekádÄ. "
+"PÅed patnácti lety zde byly Älánky o âoddanosti poÄÃtaÄůmâ:
uživatelé s nimi "
+"byli âspÅaženiâ a mÄli sto dolarů týdnÄ. ObecnÄ se to bralo tak,
že lidé "
+"Äasto milovali programovánà natolik, aby kvůli tomu rozbili svá
manželstvÃ. "
+"Dnes se to bere tak, že nikdo by neprogramoval za nic jiného, než za
vysoký "
+"plat. Lidé zapomÄli, co vÄdÄli pÅed patnácti lety."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a certain "
+"field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic of change can "
+"run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we take away the "
+"possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the people have "
+"readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager to work in the "
+"field for the joy of accomplishment."
+msgstr ""
+"I když je pravda, že v daném Äase bude v jistém odvÄtvà vÄtÅ¡ina
lidà "
+"pracovat jen za vysoké mzdy, nemusà to tak zůstat. Dynamika zmÄn se
může "
+"obrátit, pokud k tomu spoleÄnost dá popud. Pokud odstranÃme možnost
velkého "
+"zbohatnutÃ, pak po chvÃli, kdy lidé pÅizpůsobà své postoje, budou
jednou "
+"opÄt dychtit pracovat v dané oblasti pro radost z vykonané práce."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The question “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an easier "
+"question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a fortune. A "
+"mere living is easier to raise."
+msgstr ""
+"Otázka âJak můžeme platit programátory?â se stane jednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã
otázkou, když "
+"si uvÄdomÃme, že nenà důvod platit jim jmÄnÃ. OpatÅit jim živobytÃ
je o "
+"mnoho jednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Funding Free Software"
+msgstr "Financovánà svobodného software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses. Many "
+"other institutions already exist that can do this."
+msgstr ""
+"Instituce, které platà programátory, nemusà být softwarové domy.
Existuje "
+"již mnoho jiných institucÃ, které to mohou dÄlat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software development "
+"even if they cannot control the use of the software. In 1970, much of their "
+"software was free because they did not consider restricting it. Today, their "
+"increasing willingness to join consortiums shows their realization that "
+"owning the software is not what is really important for them."
+msgstr ""
+"Výrobci hardwaru shledali podstatným podporovat softwarový vývoj, i když
"
+"nemohou kontrolovat použità softwaru. V roce 1970 bylo mnoho jejich
softwaru "
+"volného, ponÄvadž neuvažovali o jeho omezovánÃ. Jejich zvyÅ¡ujÃcà se
ochota "
+"spojit se v konsorcia dnes dokazuje jejich názor, že vlastnictvà softwaru "
+"pro nÄ nenà opravdu důležité."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Universities conduct many programming projects. Today they often sell the "
+"results, but in the 1970s they did not. Is there any doubt that "
+"universities would develop free software if they were not allowed to sell "
+"software? These projects could be supported by the same government contracts "
+"and grants that now support proprietary software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho programátorských projektů vedou univerzity. Výsledky dnes Äasto "
+"prodávajÃ, ale v 70. letech to nedÄlaly. Pochybujete o tom, zda by "
+"univerzity vyvÃjely svobodný software, kdyby jej nemohly prodávat? Tyto "
+"projekty mohou být podporovány stejnými vládnÃmi kontrakty a granty,
kterými "
+"je nynà podporován vývoj proprietárnÃho software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is common today for university researchers to get grants to develop a "
+"system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call that “"
+"finished”, and then start companies where they really finish the "
+"project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare the unfinished version "
+"“free”; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead get an "
+"exclusive license from the university. This is not a secret; it is openly "
+"admitted by everyone concerned. Yet if the researchers were not exposed to "
+"the temptation to do these things, they would still do their research."
+msgstr ""
+"Dnes je pro univerzitnà výzkumnÃky bÄžné dostat grant na vývoj
systému, "
+"vyvinout ho takÅka až do konce, nazvat ho âukonÄenýmâ, a poté
založit "
+"spoleÄnosti, kde projekt doopravdy dokonÄà a udÄlajà ho použitelným.
NÄkdy "
+"vyhlásà nedokonÄenou verzi âsvobodnouâ; jsou-li úplnÄ zkaženÃ,
dostanou "
+"mÃsto toho z univerzity exkluzivnà licenci. To nenà tajemstvÃ; je to "
+"otevÅenÄ pÅijÃmáno vÅ¡emi, kterých se to týká. A pÅece kdyby nebyli "
+"výzkumnÃci vystaveni pokuÅ¡enà dÄlat takové vÄci, stále by provádÄli
svůj "
+"výzkum."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling services "
+"related to the software. I have been hired to port the <a href=\"/software/"
+"gcc/\">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and to make user-interface "
+"extensions to <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU Emacs</a>. (I offer these "
+"improvements to the public once they are done.) I also teach classes for "
+"which I am paid."
+msgstr ""
+"ProgramátoÅi pÃÅ¡Ãcà svobodný software si mohou udÄlat živobytÃ
prodejem "
+"služeb spojených se softwarem. Já jsem byl napÅ. najat, abych portoval <a
"
+"href=\"/software/gcc/\">kompilátor GNU C</a> na nový hardware, a udÄlal "
+"rozÅ¡ÃÅenà uživatelského rozhranà pro <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU
Emacs</"
+"a>. (NabÃdnu tato vylepÅ¡enà veÅejnosti, jakmile budou hotová.) Také
vyuÄuji "
+"a jsem za to placen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing "
+"corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other companies also "
+"provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system. This is "
+"the beginning of the independent software support industry—an industry "
+"that could become quite large if free software becomes prevalent. It "
+"provides users with an option generally unavailable for proprietary "
+"software, except to the very wealthy."
+msgstr ""
+"Nejsem sám, kdo pracuje tÃmto způsobem; je zde nynà úspÄÅ¡ná,
rozrůstajÃcà "
+"se, spoleÄnost, která jiný druh práce nepoužÃvá. NÄkolik dalÅ¡Ãch
spoleÄnostà "
+"také poskytuje komerÄnà podporu svobodnému softwaru pro systém GNU. Toto
je "
+"poÄátek průmyslu nezávislé podpory softwaru â průmyslu, který by se
mohl "
+"docela rozrůst, pokud pÅevládne svobodný software. Poskytuje uživatelům
"
+"možnost obecnÄ nedostupnou pro proprietárnà software, vyjma tÄch velmi "
+"bohatých."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software "
+"Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's funds "
+"come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes is "
+"free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and change it, "
+"but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that “free "
+"software” refers to freedom, not to price.) Some users who already "
+"have a copy order tapes as a way of making a contribution they feel we "
+"deserve. The Foundation also receives sizable donations from computer "
+"manufacturers."
+msgstr ""
+"I nové instituce jako <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Nadace pro svobodný "
+"software</a> mohou financovat programátory. VÄtÅ¡ina financà Nadace
pocházà "
+"od uživatelů kupujÃcÃch pásky prostÅednictvÃm poÅ¡ty. Software na
páskách je "
+"svobodný, což znamená, že každý uživatel má svobodu k jeho
kopÃrovánà nebo "
+"zmÄnÄ, ale mnozà zaplatà za dodánà kopiÃ. (PÅipomÃnám, že
âsvobodný "
+"softwareâ odkazuje na svobodu, ne na cenu.) NÄkteÅà uživatelé, kteÅÃ
již "
+"majà nÄjaké kopie, objednávajà pásky jako způsob pÅispÃvánÃ.
CÃtÃ, že si to "
+"zasloužÃme. Nadace dostává znaÄné dary i pÅÃmo od výrobců
poÄÃtaÄů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on hiring "
+"as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a business, "
+"distributing the same free software to the public for the same fee, it would "
+"now provide a very good living for its founder."
+msgstr ""
+"Nadace pro svobodný software je doboroÄinná a z jejÃch pÅÃjmů se
snažÃme "
+"najmout tolik programátorů, kolik je možné. Kdyby to bylo postaveno jako "
+"obchod, distribuce stejného svobodného software veÅejnosti za stejný "
+"poplatek, tak by to jejÃmu zakladateli nynà poskytovalo velice dobré "
+"živobytÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the "
+"Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this because "
+"we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction in knowing "
+"that their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of all, they do it "
+"because programming is fun. In addition, volunteers have written many "
+"useful programs for us. (Even technical writers have begun to volunteer.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Protože je Nadace dobroÄinná, programátoÅi pro ni Äasto pracujà za
polovinu "
+"toho, co by dostali nÄkde jinde. DÄlajà to, protože jsme osvobozeni od "
+"byrokracie a protože pociÅ¥ujà zadostiuÄinÄnÃ, když vÃ, že
použÃvánà jejich "
+"práce nebude blokováno. VÄtÅ¡ina z nás to dÄlá, protože programovánÃ
je "
+"zábava. NavÃc pro nás dobrovolnÃci napsali mnoho užiteÄných programů.
(DobÄ "
+"se dokonce zaÄali stávat dobrovolnÃky i tvůrci technických textů.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all fields, "
+"along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one will want to "
+"program."
+msgstr ""
+"Toto potvrzuje, že programovánà se Åadà mezi nejzajÃmavÄjÅ¡Ã oblasti
ze "
+"vÅ¡ech, spolu s hudbou a umÄnÃm. NemusÃme se bát, že nikdo nebude chtÃt
"
+"programovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "What Do Users Owe to Developers?"
+msgstr "Co dlužà uživatelé vývojáÅům?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral obligation to "
+"contribute to its support. Developers of free software are contributing to "
+"the users' activities, and it is both fair and in the long-term interest of "
+"the users to give them funds to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Uživatelé softwaru majà dobrý důvod cÃtit morálnà závazek
pÅispÃvat na jeho "
+"podporu. VývojáÅi svobodného softwaru pÅispÃvajà aktivitám
uživatelů, a je "
+"jak spravedlivé, tak v dlouhodobém zájmu uživatelů, dát jim finance,
aby "
+"mohli v práci pokraÄovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers, since "
+"obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward."
+msgstr ""
+"Toto se vÅ¡ak netýká vývojáÅů proprietárnÃho software, protože
blokovánà si "
+"zasloužà spÃÅ¡e potrestánà než odmÄnu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled to the "
+"support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral obligation into a "
+"requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A developer can either "
+"deserve a reward or demand it, but not both."
+msgstr ""
+"Máme tak paradox: vývojáŠužiteÄného softwaru je oprávnÄn mÃt
podporu "
+"uživatelů, ale jakýkoliv pokus zvrátit tento morálnà závazek v
požadavek, "
+"zniÄà základy pro onen závazek. VývojáŠsi může buÄ zasloužit
odmÄnu, nebo "
+"ji požadovat, ale nikoliv oboje najednou."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act so as "
+"to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for voluntary "
+"donations. Eventually the users will learn to support developers without "
+"coercion, just as they have learned to support public radio and television "
+"stations."
+msgstr ""
+"VÄÅÃm, že etický vývojáŠtváÅà v tváŠtomuto paradoxu musÃ
konat tak, aby si "
+"odmÄnu zasloužil, ale mÄl by také naléhavÄ Å¾Ã¡dat uživatele o
dobrovolné "
+"pÅÃspÄvky. Nakonec se uživatelé nauÄà podporovat vývojáÅe bez
donucenÃ, "
+"zrovna tak jak se nauÄili podporovat veÅejné rozhlasové a televiznÃ
stanice."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "What Is Software Productivity?"
+msgstr "Jaká je produktivita softwaru?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps fewer "
+"of them. Would this be bad for society?"
+msgstr ""
+"Jestliže bude software svobodný, stále zde budou programátoÅi, ale
možná "
+"jich bude ménÄ. Bylo by to pro spoleÄnost Å¡patné?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than in "
+"1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few deliver "
+"more food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call this improved "
+"productivity. Free software would require far fewer programmers to satisfy "
+"the demand, because of increased software productivity at all levels:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ne nezbytnÄ. Rozvinuté zemÄ majà dnes ménÄ farmáÅů, nÄž v roce
1900, ale "
+"nemyslÃme si, že je to pro spoleÄnost Å¡patné, protože tÄch nÄkolik
dodává "
+"spotÅebidelům vÃce jÃdla, nÄž dodávalo pÅed sto lety tÄch mnoho.
Nazýváme to "
+"zvýšenou produktivitou. Svobodný software by vyžadoval mnohem ménÄ "
+"programátorů k uspokojenà poptávky kvůli zvýšenà produktivity
software na "
+"vÅ¡ech úrovnÃch:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Wider use of each program that is developed."
+msgstr "Širšà možné využità každého vyvinutého programu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead of starting "
+"from scratch."
+msgstr ""
+"Schopnost adaptovat existujÃcà programy pro potÅeby zákaznÃků mÃsto "
+"opÄtovného vývoje od nuly."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Better education of programmers."
+msgstr "LepÅ¡Ã vzdÄlánà programátorů."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "The elimination of duplicate development effort."
+msgstr "Eliminace duplicitnÃho vývojáÅského úsilÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Those who object to cooperation [-because-] {+claiming+} it would result
+# | in the employment of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased
+# | productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely held belief that
+# | the software industry needs increased productivity. How is this?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Those who object to cooperation because it would result in the employment "
+#| "of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased productivity. "
+#| "Yet these people usually accept the widely held belief that the software "
+#| "industry needs increased productivity. How is this?"
+msgid ""
+"Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the employment "
+"of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased productivity. Yet "
+"these people usually accept the widely held belief that the software "
+"industry needs increased productivity. How is this?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ti, kdo majà námitky proti spolupráci, protože by to vedlo k
zamÄstnánà ménÄ "
+"programátorů, majà ve skuteÄnosti námitky proti zvýšenà produktivity.
PÅesto "
+"tito lidé obvykle zastávajà rozÅ¡ÃÅený názor, že softwarový průmysl
potÅebuje "
+"zvýšenà produktivity. Jak je to tedy?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Software productivity” can mean two different things: the "
+"overall productivity of all software development, or the productivity of "
+"individual projects. Overall productivity is what society would like to "
+"improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the "
+"artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it. But researchers who "
+"study the field of “software productivity” focus only on the "
+"second, limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult "
+"technological advances."
+msgstr ""
+"âSoftwarová produktivitaâ může znamenat dvÄ odliÅ¡né vÄci: celkovou
"
+"produktivitu celého softwarového vývoje, nebo produktivitu jednotlivých "
+"projektů. Celková produktivita je to, co by spoleÄnost rády zvýšila, a "
+"nejpÅÃmÄjÅ¡Ã cesta k tomu vede pÅes eliminaci umÄlých pÅekážek
spolupráce, "
+"které ji snižujÃ. Ale výzkumnÃci, kteÅà studujà oblast âsoftwarové
"
+"produktivityâ, se zamÄÅili pouze na druhý, omezený smysl termÃnu, kde "
+"zlepšenà vyžaduje složité technologické postupy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Is Competition Inevitable?"
+msgstr "Je soutÄženà nevyhnutelné?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their rivals in "
+"society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not harmful; the harmful "
+"thing is <em>combat</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Je lidská soutÄživost v pÅekonánà svých rivalů ve spoleÄnosti
nevyhnutelná? "
+"Snad ano. Ale soutÄž samotná nenà škodlivá; Å¡kodlivá vÄc je
<em>boj</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying to "
+"achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in the old "
+"days, there was competition among programming wizards—competition for "
+"who could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who could make "
+"the shortest or fastest program for a given task. This kind of competition "
+"can benefit everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship "
+"is maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Existuje mnoho způsobů jak soutÄžit. Můžete zkouÅ¡et vždy uspÄt,
pÅekonat co "
+"udÄlali ostatnÃ. NapÅÃklad za starých Äasů zde bylo soutÄženà mezi "
+"programátory wizardy â soutÄženà o to, kdo dokázal pÅimÄt poÄÃtaÄ
provádÄt "
+"ty nejúžasnÄjÅ¡Ã vÄci, nebo kdo dokázal pro danou úlohu udÄlat
nejkratÅ¡Ã Äi "
+"nejrychlejÅ¡Ã program. Takový druh soutÄže může prospÄt každému,
<em>pokud</"
+"em> je udržován duch dobrého sportovnÃho chovánÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to great "
+"efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have visited "
+"all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to do this. But "
+"they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on desert islands. "
+"They are content to let the best person win."
+msgstr ""
+"Konstruktivnà soutÄženà je postaÄujÃcà k tomu, aby motivovalo lidi k
velkému "
+"úsilÃ. Hrstka lidà napÅ. soutÄžà o to, kdo prvnà navÅ¡tÃvà vÅ¡echny
zemÄ na "
+"svÄtÄ; nÄkteÅà za tento pokus utratà celé jmÄnÃ, ale nepodlácejÃ
kapitány "
+"lodÃ, aby nechali jejich soupeÅe na pustých ostrovech. Jsou ochotni nechat
"
+"vyhrát toho nejlepÅ¡Ãho."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede each "
+"other instead of advancing themselves—when “Let the best person "
+"win” gives way to “Let me win, best or not.” Proprietary "
+"software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, but because it "
+"is a form of combat among the citizens of our society."
+msgstr ""
+"SoutÄž se stane bojem, když soutÄžÃcà zaÄnou zkouÅ¡et zdržovat
ostatnÃ, mÃsto "
+"aby sami postupovali â když se mÃsto âNechat vyhrát nejlepÅ¡Ãhoâ
vydáte "
+"cestou âNechat mÄ vyhrát, aÅ¥ jsem nejlepÅ¡Ã nebo ne.â ProprietárnÃ
software "
+"nenà škodlivý proto, že je to forma soutÄže, ale protože je to forma
boje "
+"mezi obÄany naÅ¡Ã spoleÄnosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when two "
+"grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own "
+"operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a "
+"special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for "
+"combat in this line of business short of physical violence. Not all areas "
+"of business share this characteristic. Withholding information that could "
+"help everyone advance is a form of combat."
+msgstr ""
+"SoutÄženà v obchodu nenà nutnÄ boj. NapÅÃklad když soutÄžà dva
koloniály, "
+"jejich veÅ¡keré úsilà je vylepÅ¡it své vlastnà Äinnosti, ne sabotovat
soupeÅe. "
+"Ale toto nedemonstruje zvláštnà vazby v obchodnà etice. Ne všechny
oblasti "
+"obchodu sdÃlejà tuto charakteristiku. OdepÅenà informacÃ, které by
mohly "
+"pomoct komukoliv v postupu, je způsob boje."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to combat "
+"the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with antitrust laws, "
+"truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than generalizing this to a "
+"principled rejection of combat in general, executives invent other forms of "
+"combat which are not specifically prohibited. Society's resources are "
+"squandered on the economic equivalent of factional civil war."
+msgstr ""
+"SoutÄženà v obchodu nenà nutnÄ boj. NapÅÃklad když soutÄžà dva
koloniály, "
+"jejich veÅ¡keré úsilà je vylepÅ¡it své vlastnà Äinnosti, ne sabotovat
soupeÅe. "
+"Ale toto nedemonstruje zvláštnà vazby v obchodnà etice. Ne všechny
oblasti "
+"obchodu sdÃlejà tuto charakteristiku. OdepÅenà informacÃ, které by
mohly "
+"pomoct komukoliv v postupu, je způsob boje."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”"
+msgstr "âProÄ se nepÅestÄhujete do Ruska?â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme form of "
+"laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For example, it "
+"is leveled against the supporters of a national health care system, such as "
+"is found in all the other industrialized nations of the free world. It is "
+"leveled against the advocates of public support for the arts, also universal "
+"in advanced nations. The idea that citizens have any obligation to the "
+"public good is identified in America with Communism. But how similar are "
+"these ideas?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ve Spojených Státech vÅ¡ichni obhájci jiných než nejextrémnÄjÅ¡Ãch
forem "
+"tržnÃho sobectvà Äasto slyÅ¡eli toto obvinÄnÃ. NapÅÃklad se zvedlo
proti "
+"podpůrcům systému národnà zdravotnické péÄe, jaký funguje ve vÅ¡ech
ostatnÃch "
+"industriálnÃch zemÃch svobodného svÄta. Zvedlo se proti obhájcům
veÅejné "
+"podpory umÄnÃ, také bÄžné v rozvinutých zemÃch. MyÅ¡lenka, že
obÄané majà "
+"jakékoliv závazky vůÄi veÅejnému blahu, je v Americe spojována s
komunismem. "
+"Ale nakolik jsou tyto ideje podobné?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of central "
+"control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the common good, "
+"but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist party. And where "
+"copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"Komunismus, tak jak byl praktikován v SovÄtském svazu, byl sytémem
centrálnà "
+"kontroly, kde vÅ¡echny Äinnosti byly vládou ÅÃzené, jakoby pro veÅejné
blaho, "
+"ale ve skuteÄnosti pro Äleny blaho Älenů Komunistické strany. VÅ¡echna "
+"kopÃrovacà zaÅÃzenà byla pozornÄ stÅežena, aby se zabránilo
ilegálnÃmu "
+"kopÃrovánÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The American system of [-intellectual property-] {+software copyright+}
+# | exercises central control over distribution of a program, and guards
+# | copying equipment with automatic copying-protection schemes to prevent
+# | illegal copying.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The American system of intellectual property exercises central control "
+#| "over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with "
+#| "automatic copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying."
+msgid ""
+"The American system of software copyright exercises central control over "
+"distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with automatic "
+"copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"Americký systém intelektuálnÃho vlastnictvà použÃvá centrálnÃ
kontrolu pro "
+"distribuci programů, a hlÃdá kopÃrovacà zaÅÃzenà schématy
automatické "
+"ochrany pÅed kopÃrovánÃm, aby zabránil ilegálnÃm kopiÃm."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to decide "
+"their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, and free to "
+"alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily lives. A system "
+"based on voluntary cooperation and on decentralization."
+msgstr ""
+"Já naproti tomu pracuji na tvorbÄ systému, kde se lidé budou mÃt svobodu
"
+"rozhodovat o svých akcÃch; konkrétnÄ svobodu pomoci svým bližnÃm a
svobodu "
+"mÄnit a vylepÅ¡ovat nástroje, které použÃvajà v bÄžném životÄ.
Systém "
+"založený na dobrovolné spolupráci a decentralizaci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian Communism, it "
+"is the software owners who are the Communists."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud tedy soudÃme úmysly dle jejich podoby ruskému komunismu, pak jsou to
"
+"vlastnÃci softwaru, kdo jsou komunisté."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The Question of Premises"
+msgstr "Otázka pÅedpokladů"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no less "
+"important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other words, "
+"their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide which course of "
+"action is best."
+msgstr ""
+"V tomto Älánku pÅedpokládám, že uživatel softwaru nenà ménÄ
důležitý, než "
+"autor, nebo dokonce autorův zamÄstnavatel. Jinými slovy, jejich zájmy a "
+"potÅeby majà stejnou váhu, když se rozhodujeme, jaký smÄr Äinnostà je
"
+"nejlepÅ¡Ã."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an author's "
+"employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else. They say, for "
+"example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the "
+"author's employer the advantage he deserves—regardless of how this may "
+"affect the public."
+msgstr ""
+"Tento pÅedpoklad nenà pÅijÃmán vÅ¡eobecnÄ. Mnozà zastávajà názor,
že autorův "
+"zamÄstnavatel je podstatnÄ důležitÄjÅ¡Ã, než kdokoliv jiný. ÅÃkajÃ
napÅÃklad, "
+"že důvod k existenci vlastnÃků softwaru je dát autorovu zamÄstnavateli "
+"výhodu, kterou si zasloužà â nehledÄ na to, jak to může působit na
veÅejnost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof requires "
+"shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed only to those "
+"who share the premises I use, or at least are interested in what their "
+"consequences are. For those who believe that the owners are more important "
+"than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant."
+msgstr ""
+"Nenà potÅebné zkouÅ¡et tyto pÅedpoklady dokazovat Äi vyvracet. Důkazy "
+"potÅebujà sdÃlenà pÅedpokladů. Takže vÄtÅ¡ina toho, co jsem Åekl, je
"
+"adresována pouze tÄm, kteÅà sdÃlejà pÅedpoklady, které použÃvám,
nebo se "
+"alespoÅ zajÃmajÃ, jaké jsou jejich důsledky. Pro ty, kteÅà vÄÅÃ,
že "
+"vlastnÃci jsou důležitÄjÅ¡Ã, než kdokoliv jiný, je tento Älánek
bezvýznamný."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that elevates "
+"certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly because of the "
+"belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions of American "
+"society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means challenging the "
+"basis of society."
+msgstr ""
+"Ale proÄ by znaÄný poÄet AmeriÄanů pÅijal pÅedpoklad, který
povyšuje "
+"důležitost jistých lidà nad vÅ¡echny ostatnÃ? ÄásteÄnÄ kvůli
vÃÅe, že je "
+"tento pÅedpoklad Äástà legálnÃch tradic americké spoleÄnosti.
NÄkteÅà lidé "
+"cÃtÃ, že pochybnosti o tomto pÅedpokladu by znamenaly odmÃtánÃ
základů "
+"spoleÄnosti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is important for these people to know that this premise is not part of "
+"our legal tradition. It never has been."
+msgstr ""
+"Pro tyto lidi je důležité vÄdÄt, že tento pÅedpoklad nenà ÄástÃ
našà zákonné "
+"tradice. Nikdy nebyl."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to “"
+"promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts.” The Supreme "
+"Court has elaborated on this, stating in <em>Fox Film v. Doyal</em>; that "
+"“The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in "
+"conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by "
+"the public from the labors of authors.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Tedy, ústava pravÃ, že úÄel copyrightu je âpodporovat vÄdecký pokrok
a "
+"užiteÄná umÄnÃ.â NejvyÅ¡Å¡Ã soud na tom peÄlivÄ pracoval v
pÅÃpadu <em>Fox "
+"Film v. Doyal</em> a stanovil, že âjediný zájem Spojených států a
primárnà "
+"úÄel udÄlenà monopolu (copyrightu) ležà v obecném prospÄchu
odvozeném "
+"veÅejnostà z práce autorů.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme Court. "
+"(At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions do not "
+"disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the awareness that "
+"this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a traditionally "
+"recognized one will weaken its appeal."
+msgstr ""
+"Nejsme nuceni souhlasit s ústavou nebo NejvyÅ¡Å¡Ãm soudem. (kdysi oba "
+"pÅehlÞely otroctvÃ) Jejich postoje tedy nevyvracà svrchovanost
pÅedpokladu "
+"vlastnÃků. Ale doufám, že povÄdomà o tom, že toto je radikálnÃ
pravicová "
+"domnÄnka a ne tradiÄnÄ uznávaný fakt, oslabà jejà působnost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "ZávÄr"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor; but each "
+"time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for the wealth "
+"they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite message."
+msgstr ""
+"Býváme rádi, když můžeme myslet na to, že naÅ¡e spoleÄnost podporuje
pomoc "
+"naÅ¡im bližnÃm, ale pokaždé, když odmÄnÃme nÄkoho za blokovánÃ,
nebo je "
+"obdivujeme pro bohatstvÃ, kterého nabyli tÃmto způsobem, vysÃláme
pÅesnÄ "
+"opaÄné poselstvÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the
+# | welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from
+# | Ronald Reagan to [-Jim Bakker,-] {+Dick Cheney,+} from [-Ivan Boesky-]
+# | {+Exxon+} to [-Exxon,-] {+Enron,+} from failing banks to failing schools.
+# | We can measure it with the size of the homeless population and the prison
+# | population. The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because the more we
+# | see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile to help
+# | them. Thus society decays into a jungle.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the "
+#| "welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from "
+#| "Ronald Reagan to Jim Bakker, from Ivan Boesky to Exxon, from failing "
+#| "banks to failing schools. We can measure it with the size of the "
+#| "homeless population and the prison population. The antisocial spirit "
+#| "feeds on itself, because the more we see that other people will not help "
+#| "us, the more it seems futile to help them. Thus society decays into a "
+#| "jungle."
+msgid ""
+"Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the "
+"welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from "
+"Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from failing banks to "
+"failing schools. We can measure it with the size of the homeless population "
+"and the prison population. The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because "
+"the more we see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile "
+"to help them. Thus society decays into a jungle."
+msgstr ""
+"Vlastnictvà softwaru je jedna z forem našà obecné neochoty brát na
vÄdomà "
+"otázku blaha spoleÄnosti pro osobnà prospÄch. Toto odmÃtánà můžeme "
+"vysledovat od Ronalda Reagana k Jimu Bakkerovi, od Ivana Boeskyho k "
+"Exxonovi, od selhávajÃcÃch bank k selhávajÃcÃm Å¡kolám. Můžeme to
zmÄÅit "
+"poÄtem populace bez domovů a populacà ve vÄznicÃch. Antisociálnà duch
se "
+"živà sám na sobÄ, protože ÄÃm vÃc vidÃme, že nám ostatnà lidé
nepomohou, tÃm "
+"vÃc vypadá zbyteÄné pomáhat jim. Taková spoleÄnost se rozpadne v
džungli."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes. We must "
+"start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates when "
+"appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others. I hope that "
+"the free software movement will contribute to this: at least in one area, we "
+"will replace the jungle with a more efficient system which encourages and "
+"runs on voluntary cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+"Jestliže nechceme žÃt v džungli, musÃme zmÄnit své postoje. MusÃme
zaÄÃt "
+"vysÃlat poselstvÃ, že dobrý obÄan je ten, který spolupracuje když je
to "
+"potÅeba, ne ten, kdo se ostatnÃch úspÄÅ¡nÄ stranÃ. Doufám, že hnutÃ
za "
+"svobodný software k tomuto pÅispÄje: alespoÅ v jedné oblasti nahradÃme "
+"džungli úÄinnÄjÅ¡Ãm systémem, který vede a podporuje dobrovolnou
spolupráci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Dodatky"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The word “free” in “free software” refers to "
+"freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free program may be "
+"zero, or small, or (rarely) quite large."
+msgstr ""
+"Slovo âfreeâ [svobodný] ve âfree softwareâ [svobodný software] se
vztahuje "
+"ke svobodÄ, nikoliv k cenÄ [free znamená v angliÄtinÄ i âzdarmaâ];
cena "
+"placená za kopii svobodných programů může být nulová, malá, nebo
(vzácnÄ) i "
+"dosti vysoká. [V Äeské republice použÃváme pro anglický termÃn free
software "
+"Äeský pÅeklad âsvobodný softwareâ. Prostudujte si napÅ. dokument "
+"svobodnysoft.zde.cz a pÅÃpadnÄ prosÃm poproste své kamarády a známé,
kteÅÃ "
+"jeÅ¡tÄ použÃvajà zavádÄjÃcà termÃn âfree softwareâ, od kterého
se snažÃme "
+"nynà upouÅ¡tÄt, aby pÅeÅ¡li k použÃvánà Äeského pÅekladu. Nenà od
vÄci vÄdÄt, "
+"že ve vÄtÅ¡inÄ ostatnÃch států je použÃvánà pÅeloženého termÃnu
naprostou "
+"samozÅejmostÃ. DÄkuji. â pozn. korek.]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not alter this "
+"conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to discourage driving "
+"in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using toll booths, which "
+"contribute to both pollution and congestion. A tax on gasoline is much "
+"better. Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by limiting maximum speed is "
+"not relevant; a free-access road enhances the average speed by avoiding "
+"stops and delays, for any given speed limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Problém zneÄiÅ¡tÄnà a dopravnÃch zácp tyto závÄry nezmÄnÃ. Pokud si
pÅejeme "
+"udÄlat ježdÄnà autem nákladnÄjÅ¡Ãm, abychom lidi obecnÄ odrazovali od
ÅÃzenà "
+"osobnÃch automobilů, je nevýhodné dÄlat to právÄ výbÄrem mýtného,
které "
+"prispÃvá k zneÄiÅ¡tÄnà i k zácpám. DaÅ za benzÃn je mnohem lepÅ¡Ã.
ObdobnÄ, "
+"žádost o zvýšenà bezpeÄnosti omezenÃm maximálnà rychlosti nenÃ
odpovÃdajÃcÃ; "
+"volnÄ pÅÃstupné cesty zvyÅ¡ujà průmÄrnou rychlost omezenÃm zastávek
a "
+"prostojů, pro jakékoliv rychlostnà omezenÃ. NÄkdo může pohlÞet na "
+"jednotlivé poÄÃtaÄové programy jako na Å¡kodlivou vÄc, který by
nemÄla být "
+"vůbec dostupná, jako."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"One might regard a particular computer program as a harmful thing that "
+"should not be available at all, like the Lotus Marketplace database of "
+"personal information, which was withdrawn from sale due to public "
+"disapproval. Most of what I say does not apply to this case, but it makes "
+"little sense to argue for having an owner on the grounds that the owner will "
+"make the program less available. The owner will not make it <em>completely</"
+"em> unavailable, as one would wish in the case of a program whose use is "
+"considered destructive."
+msgstr ""
+"NÄkdo může pohlÞet na jednotlivé poÄÃtaÄové programy jako na
Å¡kodlivou vÄc, "
+"který by nemÄla být vůbec dostupná, jako databáze osobnÃch informacÃ
Lotus "
+"Marketplace, která byla stažena z prodeje kvůli nesouhlasu veÅejnosti. "
+"VÄtÅ¡ina toho, co jsem Åekl, se netýká tohoto pÅÃpadu, ale nedává moc
smysl "
+"argumentovat pro existenci vlastnÃků tÃm, že vlastnÃk může uÄinit
program "
+"ménÄ dostupným. VlastnÃk ho neudÄlá zcela nepÅÃstupným, jak by si
lidé pÅáli "
+"v pÅÃpadÄ programu, jehož použità je považováno za destruktivnÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato esej vyšla v knize <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-";
+"free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of "
+"Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<hr /><p><b>Obecná poznámka korektora pÅekladu</b></p>\n"
+"<p>Jak jste si jistÄ vÅ¡imli, v textu se porůznu objevovaly moje poznámky.
"
+"NedÄlal jsem to proto, abych nÄjak zasahoval do původnÃho autorského
textu "
+"Richarda Stallmana, ale snažil jsem se vysvÄtlit lépe vÄci na mÃstech,
které "
+"se mi zdály jako ménÄ srozumitelné pro lidi, kteÅà se v oboru
svobodného "
+"software moc neorientujÃ. Doufám tedy, že jsem nijak nenaruÅ¡il původnÃ
text "
+"a aspoÅ zÄásti pomohl lidem, pro které může být tento dokument právÄ
prvnÃm "
+"setkánÃm s úžasným svÄtem svobodného software.</p>\n"
+"<p>Pokud pÅece budete pochybovat o smyslu nÄjaké vÄty Äi odstavce,
prosÃm "
+"uvÄdomte si, že tento dokument byl sepsán 24.dubna 1992 a to je v dobÄ,
kdy "
+"pÃÅ¡i tuto poznámku, již témÄÅ deset let. Byl psán v dobÄ pÅed
nástupem "
+"jednoho velmi známého operaÄnÃho systému, krátce po zrozenà jádra
Linuxu, v "
+"dobÄ, kdy mnoho z vás asi jeÅ¡tÄ nemÄlo doma osobnà poÄÃtaÄ. Projekt
GNU "
+"tehdy zdaleka nebyl tam, kde je dnes. PÅesto ale témÄÅ vÅ¡echno z toho,
co je "
+"zde popsáno, platà a nezdá se, že by mÄlo v nejbližšà dobÄ pÅestat
platit."
+"<br />\n"
+"--korektor pÅekladu</p>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"autora-Nezpracovávejte 3.0 Spojené státy americké License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
+
+#~ msgid "(Version of Feb 13, 2001)"
+#~ msgstr "(Verze z 24. dubna 1992). (PÅeloženo 18.9.2001)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is the same program in executable form, on the computer I normally "
+#~ "use:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Zde je stejný program ve spustitelné podobÄ, na poÄÃtaÄi, který
normálnÄ "
+#~ "použÃvám:"
Index: philosophy/po/university.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/university.cs.po
diff -N philosophy/po/university.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/university.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+# Czech translation of http://philosophy/university.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: university.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-31 06:29+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-06-12 12:25+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Vydávánà svobodného software, pokud pracujete na univerzitÄ â Projekt
GNU â "
+"Nadace pro svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University"
+msgstr "Vydávánà svobodného software, pokud pracujete na univerzitÄ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have the
+# | freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use. The
+# | “free” in “free software” refers to freedom: it
+# | means users have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the software.
+# | Free software contributes to human knowledge, while nonfree software does
+# | not. Universities should therefore encourage free software for the sake
+# | of advancing human knowledge, just as they should encourage scientists and
+# | {+other+} scholars to publish their work.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have the "
+#| "freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use. The "
+#| "“free” in “free software” refers to freedom: it "
+#| "means users have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the "
+#| "software. Free software contributes to human knowledge, while nonfree "
+#| "software does not. Universities should therefore encourage free software "
+#| "for the sake of advancing human knowledge, just as they should encourage "
+#| "scientists and scholars to publish their work."
+msgid ""
+"In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have the "
+"freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use. The “"
+"free” in “free software” refers to freedom: it means users "
+"have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the software. Free "
+"software contributes to human knowledge, while nonfree software does not. "
+"Universities should therefore encourage free software for the sake of "
+"advancing human knowledge, just as they should encourage scientists and "
+"other scholars to publish their work."
+msgstr ""
+"My, Älenové hnutà svobodného software, vÄÅÃme, že by uživatelé
mÄli mÃt "
+"svobodu mÄnit a redistribuovat programy, které použÃvajÃ. Slovo
<cite>free</"
+"cite> ve spojenà <cite>free software</cite> oznaÄuje svobodu; znamená, že
"
+"uživatelé majà svobodu software spouÅ¡tÄt, modifikovat a redistribuovat.
[V "
+"ÄeÅ¡tinÄ použÃváme jednoznaÄný termÃn âsvobodný softwareâ
(http://";
+"svobodnysoft.zde.cz) â pozn. pÅekl.] Svobodný software narozdÃl od "
+"nesvobodného pÅispÃvá k lidským znalostem. Univerzity by tedy mÄly "
+"podporovat svobodný software za úÄelem rozÅ¡ÃÅenà lidských
vÄdomostÃ, stejnÄ "
+"tak jako by mÄly povzbuzovat vÄdce a studenty k publikovánà svých
pracÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Alas, many university administrators have a grasping attitude towards "
+"software (and towards science); they see programs as opportunities for "
+"income, not as opportunities to contribute to human knowledge. Free "
+"software developers have been coping with this tendency for almost 20 years."
+msgstr ""
+"Bohužel má mnoho správců na univerzitách k software (a k vÄdÄ
celkovÄ) velmi "
+"chamtivý postoj; vnÃmajà programy jako pÅÃležitost k vydÄlánÃ, ne
jako "
+"pÅÃležitost pÅispÄt k lidskému vÄdÄnÃ. VývojáÅi svobodného
software se s "
+"touto tendencà stÅetávajà již po témÄÅ 20 let."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | When I started developing the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU
+# | operating system</a>, in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT. I
+# | did this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable to
+# | interfere with releasing GNU as free software. I had planned an approach
+# | for licensing the programs in GNU that [-ensures-] {+would ensure+} that
+# | all modified versions must be free software as well—an approach that
+# | developed into the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public
+# | License</a> (GNU GPL)—and I did not want to have to beg the MIT
+# | administration to let me use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When I started developing the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU "
+#| "operating system</a>, in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT. "
+#| "I did this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable "
+#| "to interfere with releasing GNU as free software. I had planned an "
+#| "approach for licensing the programs in GNU that ensures that all modified "
+#| "versions must be free software as well—an approach that developed "
+#| "into the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a> "
+#| "(GNU GPL)—and I did not want to have to beg the MIT administration "
+#| "to let me use it."
+msgid ""
+"When I started developing the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU "
+"operating system</a>, in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT. I "
+"did this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable to "
+"interfere with releasing GNU as free software. I had planned an approach "
+"for licensing the programs in GNU that would ensure that all modified "
+"versions must be free software as well—an approach that developed into "
+"the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU "
+"GPL)—and I did not want to have to beg the MIT administration to let "
+"me use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Když jsem v roce 1984 zaÄal vyvÃjet <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html"
+"\">operaÄnà systém GNU</a>, prvnÃ, co jsem udÄlal, bylo, že jsem
opustil své "
+"zamÄstnánà na MIT. K tomu jsem pÅistoupil právÄ proto, aby licenÄnÃ
úÅad na "
+"MIT nemohl zasahovat do vydánà GNU jako svobodného software. Plánoval
jsem "
+"pro GNU podmÃnky, které by zajistily, aby vÅ¡echny modifikované verze
musely "
+"být také svobodným software. Tento pÅÃstup se pozdÄji rozvinul ve <a
href=\"/"
+"licenses/gpl.html\">VÅ¡eobecnou veÅejnou licenci GNU</a> (GNU GPL), a já
jsem "
+"rozhodnÄ nechtÄl muset prosit administrátory, aby mi dovolili ji použÃt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Over the years, university affiliates have often come to the Free Software "
+"Foundation for advice on how to cope with administrators who see software "
+"only as something to sell. One good method, applicable even for "
+"specifically funded projects, is to base your work on an existing program "
+"that was released under the GNU GPL. Then you can tell the administrators, "
+"“We're not allowed to release the modified version except under the "
+"GNU GPL—any other way would be copyright infringement.” After "
+"the dollar signs fade from their eyes, they will usually consent to "
+"releasing it as free software."
+msgstr ""
+"V průbÄhu uplynulých let k nám do Nadace pro svobodný software Äasto "
+"pÅicházeli lidé z univerzit pro radu, jak si poradit se správci, kteÅÃ
vidà "
+"software pouze jako nÄco k prodávánÃ. Jedna z dobrých metod,
aplikovatelná "
+"dokonce i pro specificky financované projekty, byla založit svou práci na "
+"již existujÃcÃm programu zveÅejnÄném pod GPL. Můžete tak správcům
ÅÃci: "
+"âMáme jedinou možnost, jak zveÅejnit naÅ¡i modifikaci a to je pod GPL
â jinak "
+"bychom poruÅ¡ili autorské právo.â Znaky dolarů jim tak zmizà z oÄà a
vÄtÅ¡inou "
+"pak se zveÅejnÄnÃm jako svobodný software souhlasÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You can also ask your funding sponsor for help. When a group at NYU "
+"developed the GNU Ada Compiler, with funding from the US Air Force, the "
+"contract explicitly called for donating the resulting code to the Free "
+"Software Foundation. Work out the arrangement with the sponsor first, then "
+"politely show the university administration that it is not open to "
+"renegotiation. They would rather have a contract to develop free software "
+"than no contract at all, so they will most likely go along."
+msgstr ""
+"Můžete také poprosit o pomoc sponzory. Když vyvÃjela skupina
programátorů z "
+"NYU kompilátor GNU Ada, financovaly to US Air Force a v kontraktu bylo "
+"explicitnÄ uvedeno, že výsledný kód bude pÅedán Nadaci pro svobodný "
+"software. Nejprve se sponzorem vypracujte kontrakt a až potom jej zdvoÅile "
+"ukažte správÄ univerzity a poukažte na to, že již nenà možné jej
zmÄnit. "
+"RadÅ¡i pÅijmou kontrakt na vývoj svobodného software, než aby nemÄli
vůbec "
+"žádný, takže podmÃnky vÄtÅ¡inou budou akceptovat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Whatever you do, raise the issue [-early—certainly-]
+# | {+early—well+} before the program is half finished. At this point,
+# | the university still needs you, so you can play hardball: tell the
+# | administration you will finish the program, make it usable, if they [-have
+# | agreed-] {+agree+} in writing to make it free software (and agree[-d-] to
+# | your choice of free software license). Otherwise you will work on it only
+# | enough to write a paper about it, and never make a version good enough to
+# | release. When the administrators know their choice is to have a free
+# | software package that brings credit to the university or nothing at all,
+# | they will usually cho{+o+}se the former.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Whatever you do, raise the issue early—certainly before the program "
+#| "is half finished. At this point, the university still needs you, so you "
+#| "can play hardball: tell the administration you will finish the program, "
+#| "make it usable, if they have agreed in writing to make it free software "
+#| "(and agreed to your choice of free software license). Otherwise you will "
+#| "work on it only enough to write a paper about it, and never make a "
+#| "version good enough to release. When the administrators know their "
+#| "choice is to have a free software package that brings credit to the "
+#| "university or nothing at all, they will usually chose the former."
+msgid ""
+"Whatever you do, raise the issue early—well before the program is half "
+"finished. At this point, the university still needs you, so you can play "
+"hardball: tell the administration you will finish the program, make it "
+"usable, if they agree in writing to make it free software (and agree to your "
+"choice of free software license). Otherwise you will work on it only enough "
+"to write a paper about it, and never make a version good enough to release. "
+"When the administrators know their choice is to have a free software package "
+"that brings credit to the university or nothing at all, they will usually "
+"choose the former."
+msgstr ""
+"AÅ¥ se chystáte udÄlat cokoliv, zabývejte se tÃmto problémem vÄas â
urÄitÄ "
+"pÅedtÃm, než bude hotova polovina programu. V tomto bodÄ vás jeÅ¡tÄ
stále "
+"univerzita na dokonÄenà programu potÅebuje, a tak můžete pÅitvrdit:
ÅeknÄte "
+"správcům, že program dokonÄÃte a uÄinÃte ho použitelným, pouze pokud
dajà "
+"souhlas k tomu, aby mohl být svobodným software (a nechajà vás vybrat pro
"
+"nÄj licenci), v opaÄném pÅÃpadÄ budete na programu pracovat jen do té
mÃry, "
+"abyste o nÄm mohli napsat práci, a nikdy jej nedovedete do stavu, kdy bude "
+"možné jej zveÅejnit. Když správci uvidÃ, že se mohou rozhodnout mezi "
+"svobodným software, který pÅinese univerzitÄ nÄjaký kredit, nebo vůbec
"
+"niÄÃm, vÄtÅ¡inou zvolà to prvnÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The FSF can sometimes persuade your university to accept the GNU General "
+"Public License, or to accept GPL version 3. If you can't do it alone, "
+"please give us the chance to help. Send mail to address@hidden, and put "
+"“urgent” in the Subject field."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Not all universities have grasping policies. The University of Texas has
+# | a policy [-that, by default, all-] {+that makes it easy to release+}
+# | software developed there [-is released-] as free software under the GNU
+# | General Public License. Univates in Brazil, and the International
+# | Institute of Information Technology in Hyderabad, India, both have
+# | policies in favor of releasing software under the GPL. By developing
+# | faculty support first, you may be able to institute such a policy at your
+# | university. Present the issue as one of principle: does the university
+# | have a mission to advance human knowledge, or is its [-mission merely-]
+# | {+sole purpose+} to [-keep going?-] {+perpetuate itself?+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Not all universities have grasping policies. The University of Texas has "
+#| "a policy that, by default, all software developed there is released as "
+#| "free software under the GNU General Public License. Univates in Brazil, "
+#| "and the International Institute of Information Technology in Hyderabad, "
+#| "India, both have policies in favor of releasing software under the GPL. "
+#| "By developing faculty support first, you may be able to institute such a "
+#| "policy at your university. Present the issue as one of principle: does "
+#| "the university have a mission to advance human knowledge, or is its "
+#| "mission merely to keep going?"
+msgid ""
+"Not all universities have grasping policies. The University of Texas has a "
+"policy that makes it easy to release software developed there as free "
+"software under the GNU General Public License. Univates in Brazil, and the "
+"International Institute of Information Technology in Hyderabad, India, both "
+"have policies in favor of releasing software under the GPL. By developing "
+"faculty support first, you may be able to institute such a policy at your "
+"university. Present the issue as one of principle: does the university have "
+"a mission to advance human knowledge, or is its sole purpose to perpetuate "
+"itself?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ne všechny univerzity majà takto vlastnická pravidla. Texaská univerzita "
+"požaduje, aby byl vÅ¡echen software defaultnÄ vyvÃjen jako software
svobodný "
+"a licencován pod VÅ¡eobecnou veÅejnou licencà GNU (GNU GPL). Univerzity v "
+"BrazÃlii a <cite>International Institute of Information Technology</cite> v "
+"Hyberlandu, svými pravidly vývoj GPL software poporujÃ. PÅedstavte
problém "
+"jako otázku principu: má univerzita za cÃl posouvat lidské znalosti
kupÅedu, "
+"nebo jen snažit udržet sama sebe v chodu?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Whatever approach you use,-]{+In persuading the university,+} it helps
+# | to [-have-] {+approach the issue with+} determination and [-adopt-]
+# | {+based on+} an ethical perspective, as we do in the [-Free Software
+# | Movement.-] {+free software movement.+} To treat the public ethically,
+# | the software should be free—as in freedom—for the whole public.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Whatever approach you use, it helps to have determination and adopt an "
+#| "ethical perspective, as we do in the Free Software Movement. To treat "
+#| "the public ethically, the software should be free—as in "
+#| "freedom—for the whole public."
+msgid ""
+"In persuading the university, it helps to approach the issue with "
+"determination and based on an ethical perspective, as we do in the free "
+"software movement. To treat the public ethically, the software should be "
+"free—as in freedom—for the whole public."
+msgstr ""
+"Ať již použijete jakýkoliv způsob, velmi vám pomůže, pokud budete
odhodlanà "
+"a pÅijmete etickou perspektivu vÄci, tak jako to dÄláme v hnutÃ
svobodného "
+"software. V zájmu etického jednánà s veÅejnostà by mÄl být software
svobodný "
+"â ve smyslu svobody pro veÅejnost."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical [-reasons:-]
+# | {+reasons for doing so:+} they advocate allowing others to share and
+# | change software as an expedient for making software powerful and reliable.
+# | If those values motivate you to develop free software, well and good, and
+# | thank you for your contribution. But those values [-will-] {+do+} not
+# | [-help-] {+give+} you {+a good footing to+} stand firm when university
+# | administrators [-try to-] {+pressure or+} tempt you to make the program
+# | nonfree.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical reasons: they "
+#| "advocate allowing others to share and change software as an expedient for "
+#| "making software powerful and reliable. If those values motivate you to "
+#| "develop free software, well and good, and thank you for your "
+#| "contribution. But those values will not help you stand firm when "
+#| "university administrators try to tempt you to make the program nonfree."
+msgid ""
+"Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical reasons for "
+"doing so: they advocate allowing others to share and change software as an "
+"expedient for making software powerful and reliable. If those values "
+"motivate you to develop free software, well and good, and thank you for your "
+"contribution. But those values do not give you a good footing to stand firm "
+"when university administrators pressure or tempt you to make the program "
+"nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho vývojáÅů svobodného software uznává jen pÅÃsnÄ praktické
důvody: "
+"obhajujà možnost sdÃlet a mÄnit kód jako vhodný prostÅedek k tomu, aby
byl "
+"software silný a spolehlivý. Pokud vás motivujà k vývoji svobodného
software "
+"tyto důvody, to je vpoÅádku a dÄkujeme za váš pÅÃspÄvek. Tyto
hodnoty vám "
+"vÅ¡ak nepomohou pevnÄ se postavit univerzitÄ, když se vás budou pokouÅ¡et
"
+"pÅesvÄdÄit vydat program jako nesvobodný."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For instance, they may argue that “We could make it even more
+# | powerful and reliable with all the money we can get.” This claim may
+# | or may not come true in the end, but it is hard to disprove in advance.
+# | They may suggest a license to offer copies “free of charge, for
+# | academic use only,” which would tell the general public they don't
+# | deserve freedom, and argue that this will obtain the cooperation of
+# | academia, which is all {+(they say)+} you need.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For instance, they may argue that “We could make it even more "
+#| "powerful and reliable with all the money we can get.” This claim "
+#| "may or may not come true in the end, but it is hard to disprove in "
+#| "advance. They may suggest a license to offer copies “free of "
+#| "charge, for academic use only,” which would tell the general public "
+#| "they don't deserve freedom, and argue that this will obtain the "
+#| "cooperation of academia, which is all you need."
+msgid ""
+"For instance, they may argue that “We could make it even more powerful "
+"and reliable with all the money we can get.” This claim may or may not "
+"come true in the end, but it is hard to disprove in advance. They may "
+"suggest a license to offer copies “free of charge, for academic use "
+"only,” which would tell the general public they don't deserve freedom, "
+"and argue that this will obtain the cooperation of academia, which is all "
+"(they say) you need."
+msgstr ""
+"NapÅÃklad mohou argumentovat, že âbychom mohli se vÅ¡emi tÄmi penÄzi,
které "
+"dostaneme, vyvinout jeÅ¡tÄ silnÄjÅ¡Ã a spolehlivÄjÅ¡Ã program.â To by
se na "
+"konci mohlo a nemuselo ukázat jako pravda, ale je tÄžké to vyvracet
dopÅedu. "
+"Mohli by vám nabÃzet licenci âk bezplatnému použità pro akademické
úÄelyâ. "
+"To vpodstatÄ znamená, že Å¡iroká veÅejnost si svobodu nezasloužà s "
+"argumentem, že vám staÄà dosáhnout pouze spolupráce s akademiky."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If you start from [-“pragmatic” values,-] {+values of
+# | convenience alone,+} it is hard to [-give-] {+make+} a good [-reason-]
+# | {+case+} for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it easily
+# | if you base your stand on ethical and political values. What good is it
+# | to make a program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' freedom?
+# | Shouldn't freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? The answers
+# | are obvious if freedom and community are among your goals. Free software
+# | respects the users' freedom, while nonfree software negates it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you start from “pragmatic” values, it is hard to give a "
+#| "good reason for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it "
+#| "easily if you base your stand on ethical and political values. What good "
+#| "is it to make a program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' "
+#| "freedom? Shouldn't freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? "
+#| "The answers are obvious if freedom and community are among your goals. "
+#| "Free software respects the users' freedom, while nonfree software negates "
+#| "it."
+msgid ""
+"If you start from values of convenience alone, it is hard to make a good "
+"case for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it easily if you "
+"base your stand on ethical and political values. What good is it to make a "
+"program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' freedom? Shouldn't "
+"freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? The answers are obvious "
+"if freedom and community are among your goals. Free software respects the "
+"users' freedom, while nonfree software negates it."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud zaÄnete s âpraktickýmiâ hodnotami, je pozdÄji tÄžké vyvrátit
tyto "
+"návrhy vedoucà do slepé uliÄky. Kdybyste ale od zaÄátku založili svůj
postoj "
+"na etických a politických hodnotách, bude to daleko snadnÄjÅ¡Ã. K Äemu
je "
+"dobré mÃt program, který je silný a spolehlivý na úkor svobody
uživatelů? "
+"NemÄla by svoboda platit mimo akademickou půdu stejnÄ tak jako na nÃ?
Jestli "
+"mezi vaÅ¡e priority patÅà svoboda a veÅejnost, odpovÄdi na položené
otázky "
+"jsou zÅejmé. Svobodný software dbá na svobodu uživatelů, zatÃmco
software "
+"nesvobodný ji popÃrá."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's freedom "
+"depends, in one instance, on you."
+msgstr ""
+"Nic nemůže posÃlit vaÅ¡e rozhodnutà tak, jako když vÃte, že svoboda "
+"veÅejnosti závisà v tom okamžiku na vás."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato esej vyšla v knize <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-";
+"free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of "
+"Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2002 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2002 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"autora-Nezpracovávejte 3.0 Spojené státy americké License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
Index: software/po/gethelp.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: software/po/gethelp.cs.po
diff -N software/po/gethelp.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ software/po/gethelp.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+# Czech translation of http://software/gethelp.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gethelp.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-09-25 05:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2007-03-19 16:06+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+# | [-How to Get Help-]{+Getting help+} with GNU {+software - GNU+} Project
+# | [-Software-] - Free Software Foundation [-(FSF)-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "How to Get Help with GNU Project Software - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid "Getting help with GNU software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Jak zÃskat pomoc ke GNU software â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný
software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+# | [-How to Get Help-]{+Getting help+} with GNU [-S-]{+s+}oftware
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "How to Get Help with GNU Software"
+msgid "Getting help with GNU software"
+msgstr "Jak zÃskat pomoc ke GNU software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation does not provide technical support. Our "
+"mission is developing, preserving, and protecting <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"sw.html\">free software</a>. We leave it to others to earn a living "
+"providing support. We see programmers as providing a service, much as "
+"doctors and lawyers do now; both medical and legal knowledge are freely "
+"redistributable, but their practitioners charge for service. So "
+"<strong>please do not email us or call the FSF Office for technical support."
+"</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"Nadace pro svobodný software se nestará o technickou podporu. Naše
poslánà "
+"je vyvÃjet, peÄovat o, a chránit <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">svobodný software</a>. Poskytovánà podpory necháváme na jiných,
kteÅÃ si "
+"tak mohou zajistit živobytÃ. ProgramátoÅi poskytuà služby stejnÄ tak
jako "
+"jsou volnÄ distribuovatelné zdravotnické a právnà poznatky, ale "
+"profesionálové vybÃrajà penÃze za služby s nimi spojené.
<strong>ProsÃm "
+"nemailujte ani nevolejte FSF s prosbami o technickou podporu.</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | You can obtain [-the-] <a [-href=\"/doc/doc.html\">Documentation for the
+# | GNU Project</a>-] {+href=\"/doc/doc.html\">GNU Project documentation</a>+}
+# | through various methods, which should answer many of your questions.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You can obtain the <a href=\"/doc/doc.html\">Documentation for the GNU "
+#| "Project</a> through various methods, which should answer many of your "
+#| "questions."
+msgid ""
+"You can obtain <a href=\"/doc/doc.html\">GNU Project documentation</a> "
+"through various methods, which should answer many of your questions."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/doc/doc.html\">Dokumentaci k projektu GNU</a>, která by vám
mÄla "
+"pomoci, můžete zÃskat nÄkolika způsoby. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Reporting bugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Many companies now redistribute GNU software, often as part of a <a
+# | href=\"/distros/free-distros.html\">GNU/Linux distribution</a>. When you
+# | find bugs in a GNU program that you installed with a given GNU/Linux
+# | distribution, [-it is often useful to-] {+please+} first try reporting the
+# | bug directly to the distributor, not to [-us. Sometimes,-] {+us, using
+# | the distributor's mailing lists or web forms. It is common for+}
+# | distributors [-have modified-] {+to modify+} the {+original+} GNU software
+# | {+we release+} (as they are free to [-do so!) or they are running-]
+# | {+do!), and/or distribute+} older versions. [-Thus, they may be-] {+The
+# | maintainers of+} the [-best people to find a bug as it pertains to a-]
+# | {+original GNU packages usually have no knowledge of what+} particular
+# | [-distribution.-] {+distributors have done.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Many companies now redistribute GNU software, often as part of a <a href="
+#| "\"/distros/free-distros.html\">GNU/Linux distribution</a>. When you find "
+#| "bugs in a GNU program that you installed with a given GNU/Linux "
+#| "distribution, it is often useful to first try reporting the bug directly "
+#| "to the distributor, not to us. Sometimes, distributors have modified the "
+#| "GNU software (as they are free to do so!) or they are running older "
+#| "versions. Thus, they may be the best people to find a bug as it pertains "
+#| "to a particular distribution."
+msgid ""
+"Many companies now redistribute GNU software, often as part of a <a href=\"/"
+"distros/free-distros.html\">GNU/Linux distribution</a>. When you find bugs "
+"in a GNU program that you installed with a given GNU/Linux distribution, "
+"please first try reporting the bug directly to the distributor, not to us, "
+"using the distributor's mailing lists or web forms. It is common for "
+"distributors to modify the original GNU software we release (as they are "
+"free to do!), and/or distribute older versions. The maintainers of the "
+"original GNU packages usually have no knowledge of what particular "
+"distributors have done."
+msgstr ""
+"Mnoho spoleÄnostà redistribuuje GNU software, Äasto jako souÄást <a
href=\"/"
+"distros/free-distros.html\">distribuce GNU/Linuxu</a>. Pokud najdete chybu v "
+"programu, který jste zÃskali jako souÄást takové distribuce, tak je
vÄtÅ¡inou "
+"užiteÄné zkusit nejprve oznámit chybu pÅÃmo distributorovi, ne nám.
ObÄas se "
+"stává, že distributoÅi GNU software modifikujà (což samozÅejmÄ
mohou!) nebo "
+"dodávajà starÅ¡Ã verze, takže budou asi nejlépe schopni najÃt chybu v
oné "
+"konkrétnà distribuci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-If-]{+However, if+} you find a deficiency in [-any-] {+the canonical
+# | release of a+} GNU [-software,-] {+package,+} we want to know. [-Thus, we
+# | also maintain <a href=\"http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/\";>mailing
+# | lists for-] {+You can find out where to report+} bugs [-in GNU
+# | software</a>. Even if a mailing list is not listed, typically the address
+# | <bug-<em>pkgname</em>@gnu.org> will reach the right place-] for
+# | [-bug reporting (via an alias). So, if you find-] a [-bug in the
+# | canonical version of a GNU program, please try reporting it that way.-]
+# | {+given package as follows:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know. Thus, we "
+#| "also maintain <a href=\"http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/\";>mailing "
+#| "lists for bugs in GNU software</a>. Even if a mailing list is not "
+#| "listed, typically the address <bug-<em>pkgname</em>@gnu.org> will "
+#| "reach the right place for bug reporting (via an alias). So, if you find "
+#| "a bug in the canonical version of a GNU program, please try reporting it "
+#| "that way."
+msgid ""
+"However, if you find a deficiency in the canonical release of a GNU package, "
+"we want to know. You can find out where to report bugs for a given package "
+"as follows:"
+msgstr ""
+"NicménÄ, pokud v GNU software najdete nÄjaký nedostatek, chtÄli bychom
to "
+"vÄdÄt. Spravujeme proto také konference pro oznamovánà chyb v GNU
software. "
+"Dokonce i pokud zde nenà konference uvedena, adresa <bug-<em>pkgname</"
+"em>@gnu.org> vÄtÅ¡inou doruÄà zprávu do správných rukou (pÅes
alias). "
+"Pokud najdete chybu v GNU programu, zkuste ji prosÃm touto cestou oznámit. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"If you run the program on the command line with the <code>--help</code> "
+"option, you should find the location where to report bugs, usually at the "
+"end of the help message."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Otherwise, look for the home page of the package. Usually this is "
+"<code>http://www.gnu.org/software/</code><em>pkgname</em>. If this doesn't "
+"work or you don't know the package name, information for all GNU packages is "
+"included in the FSF <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU/\";>Free "
+"Software Directory</a>. The home page should also be prominently mentioned "
+"in the package documentation or README files, and is often findable with a "
+"general Internet search."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The email address <bug-<em>pkgname</em>@gnu.org> will generally work "
+"for GNU packages, even if it is not a mailing list in its own right."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "The source files for a package may give other clues."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | When we receive a bug [-report,-] {+report for our canonical releases,+}
+# | we usually try to fix the problem. While our bug fixes may seem like
+# | individual assistance, they are not; they are part of preparing a new
+# | improved version. We may send you a patch for a bug so that you can help
+# | us test the fix and ensure its quality. If your bug report does not evoke
+# | a solution from us, you may still get one from another user who reads our
+# | bug report mailing lists.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When we receive a bug report, we usually try to fix the problem. While "
+#| "our bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, they are not; they are "
+#| "part of preparing a new improved version. We may send you a patch for a "
+#| "bug so that you can help us test the fix and ensure its quality. If your "
+#| "bug report does not evoke a solution from us, you may still get one from "
+#| "another user who reads our bug report mailing lists."
+msgid ""
+"When we receive a bug report for our canonical releases, we usually try to "
+"fix the problem. While our bug fixes may seem like individual assistance, "
+"they are not; they are part of preparing a new improved version. We may "
+"send you a patch for a bug so that you can help us test the fix and ensure "
+"its quality. If your bug report does not evoke a solution from us, you may "
+"still get one from another user who reads our bug report mailing lists."
+msgstr ""
+"Když dostaneme oznámenà o chybÄ, vÄtÅ¡inou se snažÃme problém
napravit. I "
+"když by tyto opravy chyb mohly vypadat jako individuálnà podpora pro
opravy "
+"chyb, nenà tomu tak. Je to souÄást pÅÃpravy nové vylepÅ¡ené verze
programu. "
+"Můžeme vám zaslat opravu chyby, abyste nám mohl pomoci ji testovat a "
+"zajistit jejà kvalitu. Když nevyÅeÅ¡Ãme váš problém my, stále to
může udÄlat "
+"nÄjaký jiný uživatel, který Äte konferenci."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Please-]{+In other words, please+} do not ask us to help you install
+# | software or learn how to use it—but do tell us how an installation
+# | script fails or where documentation is unclear.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please do not ask us to help you install software or learn how to use "
+#| "it—but do tell us how an installation script fails or where "
+#| "documentation is unclear."
+msgid ""
+"In other words, please do not ask us to help you install software or learn "
+"how to use it—but do tell us how an installation script fails or where "
+"documentation is unclear."
+msgstr ""
+"ProsÃm nežádejte nás o pomoc s instalacà software Äi uÄenÃm jak jej "
+"použÃvat, ale oznamujte nám chyby v instalaÄnÃch skriptech a nejasná
mÃsta v "
+"dokumentaci. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If an important bug report goes unheeded by the maintainer after a "
+"reasonable time (please allow at least two weeks), you can “"
+"escalate” the bug by writing to <address@hidden>. This is "
+"especially warranted if you can't find evidence of recent activity by the "
+"maintainer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When sending a bug report, please do not include very large attachments. "
+"Messages to GNU mailing lists have a limit of about 200k, and will reject "
+"anything larger than that. Uploads to <a href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org";
+"\">Savannah</a> have a limit of 16 MB. The best approach is to put the "
+"files on the web and include a url in your message. If you have no way to "
+"do that, then ask about it; something can be worked out."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Getting general help"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | We host [-a number of-] {+many+} <a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/\";>mailing
+# | lists for GNU [-software</a>.-] {+and other free software</a>, both for
+# | bug reporting and general discussion and help.+} The mailing lists [-that
+# | begin-] {+with names beginning+} with <code>help-</code> are lists for
+# | getting help from the community. [-<a href=\"/prep/mailinglists.html\">A
+# | hand-made list of GNU mailing list is also available</a>.-] If you can't
+# | find a mailing list for a particular GNU program, then please use {+the+}
+# | <a
+# |
href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/help-gnu-utils/\";>help-gnu-utils</a>
+# | mailing list.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We host a number of <a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/\";>mailing lists for "
+#| "GNU software</a>. The mailing lists that begin with <code>help-</code> "
+#| "are lists for getting help from the community. <a href=\"/prep/"
+#| "mailinglists.html\">A hand-made list of GNU mailing list is also "
+#| "available</a>. If you can't find a mailing list for a particular GNU "
+#| "program, then please use <a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/";
+#| "help-gnu-utils/\">help-gnu-utils</a> mailing list."
+msgid ""
+"We host many <a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/\";>mailing lists for GNU and "
+"other free software</a>, both for bug reporting and general discussion and "
+"help. The mailing lists with names beginning with <code>help-</code> are "
+"lists for getting help from the community. If you can't find a mailing list "
+"for a particular GNU program, then please use the <a href=\"http://lists.gnu.";
+"org/mailman/listinfo/help-gnu-utils/\">help-gnu-utils</a> mailing list."
+msgstr ""
+"Hostujeme nÄkolik <a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/\";>mailových konferencà o
"
+"GNU software</a>. Konference zaÄÃnajÃcà na <code>help-</code> jsou "
+"konference, kde můžete zÃskat pomoc od komunity. Zde je ruÄnÄ vyrobený "
+"seznam mailových konferencÃ. Pokud k nÄjakému programu nenajdete
pÅÃsluÅ¡nou "
+"konferenci, pak použijte <a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/";
+"help-gnu-utils/\">help-gnu-utils</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/resources/service\";>FSF Service
+# | Directory</a> is a list of people who offer support and other consulting
+# | services. [-Contact us to get a copy or to be listed in it.-] {+(Contact
+# | information for new and updated listings is on that page.)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/resources/service\";>FSF Service "
+#| "Directory</a> is a list of people who offer support and other consulting "
+#| "services. Contact us to get a copy or to be listed in it."
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/resources/service\";>FSF Service Directory</"
+"a> is a list of people who offer support and other consulting services. "
+"(Contact information for new and updated listings is on that page.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/resources/service\";>AdresáŠslužeb FSF</a> je
"
+"seznam lidÃ, kteÅà nabÃzejà podporu Äi jiné konzultaÄnà zlužby.
Pokud chcete "
+"zÃskat kopii, nebo být zde také zapsán, kontaktujte nás. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are also <a href=\"/server/irc-rules.html\">active IRC channels for "
+"GNU software</a> in which you can chat with developers and users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"původ-Nezpracovávejte 4.0 Mezinárodnà License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <a href=\"/prep/service.html\">GNU Service Directory (58k "
+#~ "characters)</a> is a list of people who offer support and other "
+#~ "consulting services. It is also in the file `etc/SERVICE' in the GNU "
+#~ "Emacs distribution, and `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' on a <a href=\"/order/"
+#~ "ftp.html\">GNU FTP host</a>. Contact us to get a copy or to be listed in "
+#~ "it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "AdresáŠslužeb GNU (58k znaků) je seznam lidÃ, kteÅà nabÃzejÃ
podporu Äi "
+#~ "jiné konzultaÄnà zlužby. Naleznete jej také v souboru etc/service v "
+#~ "distribuci GNU Emacsu a v `/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/SERVICE' na GNU FTP. Pokud "
+#~ "chcete zÃskat kopii, nebo být zde také zapsán, kontaktujte nás. "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If you find a deficiency in any GNU software, we want to know. Thus, we "
+#~ "also maintain <a href=\"http://mail.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/\";>mailing "
+#~ "lists for bugs in GNU software</a>. Even if a mailing list is not "
+#~ "listed, typically the address <address@hidden> will reach the "
+#~ "right place for bug reporting (via an alias). So, if you find a bug in "
+#~ "the canonical version of a GNU program, please try reporting it that way."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Pokud v GNU software najdete nÄjaký nedostatek, chtÄli bychom to
vÄdÄt. "
+#~ "Spravujeme proto také konference pro oznamovánà chyb v GNU software. "
+#~ "Dokonce i pokud zde nenà konference uvedena, adresa <address@hidden> "
+#~ "vÄtÅ¡inou doruÄà zprávu do správných rukou (pÅes alias). Pokud
najdete "
+#~ "chybu v GNU programu, zkuste ji prosÃm touto cestou oznámit. "
Index: testimonials/po/testimonials.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: testimonials/po/testimonials.cs.po
diff -N testimonials/po/testimonials.cs.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ testimonials/po/testimonials.cs.po 1 Feb 2017 17:02:15 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# Czech translation of http://www.gnu.org/testimonials/testimonials.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Czech translation team
(https://www.gnu.org/server/standards/translations/cs/), 2001.
+# Jan. 2017: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: testimonials/testimonials.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-05 00:03+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: cs\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-10-28 22:20+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "GNU Testimonials - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Posudky GNU â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný software"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "GNU Testimonials"
+msgstr "Posudky GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software isn't simply a pastime for programmers; it's a productive "
+"contributor to people and businesses all over the world. From ornamental "
+"ribbon makers, to scientific researchers, free software aids hundreds of "
+"thousands of people in their everyday work. Its development continues at "
+"blazing speed to fill the insatiable needs of users in all types of "
+"applications."
+msgstr ""
+"Svobodný software nenà jen zábava programátorů, ale produktivnÄ
pomáhá lidem "
+"a byznysu vÅ¡ude na svÄtÄ. Od tvůrců ornamentálnÃch stužek po
vÄdecké "
+"výzkumnÃky, pomáhá svobodný software stovkám tisÃc lidà v jejich
každodennà "
+"práci. Jeho vývoj pokraÄuje závratnou rychlostÃ, aby splnil vÅ¡echny
potÅeby "
+"uživatelů ve vÅ¡ech typech aplikacÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Project has been a major influence on free software development for "
+"more than a decade, creating a myriad of important tools such as robust "
+"compilers, powerful text editors, and even a fully functional operating "
+"system. The project was started in 1984 by MIT programmer Richard Stallman "
+"to create a free, Unix-like operating environment. Since then, thousands of "
+"programmers have joined in the effort to produce free, high quality software "
+"which is accessible to everyone."
+msgstr ""
+"Projekt GNU mÄl hlavnà vliv na vývoj svobodného softwaru po vÃce než
jednu "
+"dekádu, vytvoÅil Åadu důležitých nástrojů, jako robustnÃ
pÅekladaÄe, mocné "
+"textové editory a dokonce i plnÄ funkÄnà operaÄnà systém. Projekt byl "
+"odstartován v roce 1984 programátorem z MIT, Richardem Stallman, aby "
+"vytvoÅil svobodné prostÅedà podobné Unixu. Od té doby se pÅidaly
tisÃce "
+"programátorů ve snaze vytvoÅit svobodný, velmi kvalitnà software, který
by "
+"byl pÅÃstupný každému."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These testimonials challenge the misconceptions that free software is "
+"impractical, unreliable, and unsupported."
+msgstr ""
+"Zde jsou důkazy vyvracejÃcà mylné tvrzenÃ, že svobodný software je "
+"nepraktický, nespolehlivý nebo že nenà podporován."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/testimonials/useful.html\">Free Software is Useful</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/testimonials/useful.html\">Svobodný software je užiteÄný</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/testimonials/reliable.html\">Free Software is Reliable</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/testimonials/reliable.html\">Svobodný software je spolehlivý</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/testimonials/supported.html\">Free Software is Supported</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/testimonials/supported.html\">Svobodný software je
podporován</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html\";>Why Open Source "
+"Software / Free Software (OSS/FS)? Look at the Numbers!</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html\";><em>Why Open Source "
+"Software/ Free Software (OSS/FS)? Look at the Numbers!</em></a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/high-assurance-floss.html\";>High "
+"Assurance (for Security or Safety) and Free-Libre / Open Source Software "
+"(FLOSS)... with Lots on Formal Methods</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/high-assurance-floss.html\";>High "
+"Assurance (for Security or Safety) and Free-Libre / Open Source Software "
+"(FLOSS)... with Lots on Formal Methods</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Other testimonials:"
+msgstr "Dalšà důkazy:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_mondrup.html\">A database application for organ "
+"transplantation waiting lists and quality control</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_mondrup.html\">Databázová aplikace pro seznamy "
+"Äekatelů na transplantace orgánů & kontrola kvality</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"testimonial_cadcam.html\">CAD/CAM Software</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"testimonial_cadcam.html\">CAD/CAM Software</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_HIRLAM.html\">HIRLAM Consortium</a> (meteorological "
+"research)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_HIRLAM.html\">HIRLAM Consortium</a> (meteorologický "
+"výzkum)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"testimonial_media.html\">Publishing and music production</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_research_ships.html\">Research ships</a> performing "
+"deep seismic acquisition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you have a testimonial to make about free software, we'd like hear about "
+"it and add it to this page. Longer, detailed testimonials are much more "
+"useful than short testimonials. You can email your testimonials to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Pokud vÃte o dalÅ¡Ãch pÅÃpadech, kde se svobodný software osvÄdÄil,
rádi o "
+"vás uslyÅ¡Ãme a pÅidáme infromace o tÄchto důkazech na tuto stránku.
Delšà "
+"detailnà důkazy jsou užiteÄnÄjÅ¡Ã než krátké. Informace posÃlejte
na <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU prosÃm posÃlejte na <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Jsou tu i <a href=\"/contact/\">dalÅ¡Ã
možnosti "
+"jak kontaktovat</a> nadaci FSF. OhlednÄ nefunkÄnÃch odkazů a dalÅ¡Ãch
návrhů "
+"nebo oprav se prosÃm obracejte na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
+"pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e komentáÅe a návrhy
na "
+"vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <"
+"address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku pÅekladatele</a>,
kde "
+"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2012, 2013, 2014 "
+"Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tato stránka je vydána pod licencà <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.cs\">Creative Commons UveÄte "
+"autora-Nezpracovávejte 3.0 Spojené státy americké License</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
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