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Subject: |
www/philosophy right-to-read.ca.html po/right-t... |
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Date: |
Sat, 17 Dec 2016 05:59:20 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 16/12/17 05:59:20
Modified files:
philosophy : right-to-read.ca.html
philosophy/po : right-to-read.ca-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ca-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
Patches:
Index: right-to-read.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- right-to-read.ca.html 18 Sep 2016 11:28:49 -0000 1.37
+++ right-to-read.ca.html 17 Dec 2016 10:59:19 -0000 1.38
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ca.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ca.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ca-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2016-10-18" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ca.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -15,6 +20,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ca.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ca.html" -->
<h2>El dret a llegir</h2>
<p>
@@ -488,7 +494,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Updated:
-$Date: 2016/09/18 11:28:49 $
+$Date: 2016/12/17 10:59:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/right-to-read.ca-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ca-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/right-to-read.ca-diff.html 15 Sep 2016 12:00:34 -0000 1.7
+++ po/right-to-read.ca-diff.html 17 Dec 2016 10:59:20 -0000 1.8
@@ -11,38 +11,74 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.79</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
<title>The Right to Read
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
-hr { margin: 1.2em 0; }
-#content ul li p { margin-top: 1em; }
-#AuthorsNote ul li { margin-top: 1.3em; }
-#content div.announcement { margin-bottom: 2em; }
---></style></em></ins></span>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>hr</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>.info {
+ margin: 0 0 1.5em;
+}
+.announcement {
+ text-align: center;
+ margin: 2em 3%;
+ background: #f5f5f5;
+ border-right: .3em solid #fc7;
+}
+#AuthorsNote ul, #AuthorsNote li</em></ins></span> {
+ margin: <span class="removed"><del><strong>1.2em</strong></del></span> 0;
+}
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>#content ul</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>#AuthorsNote</em></ins></span> li p {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+}
+#AuthorsNote <span class="removed"><del><strong>ul</strong></del></span> li
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>p.emph-box {
+ margin: .5em 3%;
+ background: #f7f7f7;
+ border-color: #e74c3c;
+}
address@hidden (min-width: 53em) {
+ .announcement {
+ width: 75%;
+ margin: 2em auto;
+ }
+ #AuthorsNote .columns > p:first-child,
+ #AuthorsNote li p.inline-block</em></ins></span> {
+ margin-top: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.3em;</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>0;</em></ins></span>
+ }
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>#content
div.announcement</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>#AuthorsNote .columns
p.emph-box</em></ins></span> { <span
class="removed"><del><strong>margin-bottom: 2em;</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>margin: .5em 6%;
+ }</em></ins></span>
+}
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>The Right to Read</h2>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h2>The</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h2 class="center">The</em></ins></span>
Right to Read</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p></strong></del></span>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote class="note">
-<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our
mailing list about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
-</blockquote></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p class="byline
center"></em></ins></span>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p class="center"></em></ins></span>
<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
-of <span
class="removed"><del><strong><strong>Communications</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Communications</em></ins></span> of
the <span class="removed"><del><strong>ACM</strong></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>ACM</cite></em></ins></span> (Volume 40,
Number
+of <cite>Communications of the ACM</cite> (Volume 40, Number
2).</em></p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr /></em></ins></span>
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
-<blockquote><p>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote><p></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="article">
+<blockquote class="info center"><p></em></ins></span>
From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of
articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
</p></blockquote>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa
Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless
@@ -78,7 +114,10 @@
fees went to the researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for
an academic career, he could hope that his own research papers, if
frequently referenced, would bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the
library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to
@@ -120,9 +159,12 @@
the turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like
debuggers—you could not install one if you had one, without
knowing your computer's root password. And neither
-the <span class="removed"><del><strong><abbr title="Federal Bureau of
Investigation">FBI</abbr></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>FBI</em></ins></span> nor
+the FBI nor
Microsoft Support would tell you that.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he
couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to
@@ -159,7 +201,10 @@
using computers. Previously, universities maintained a different
approach to student discipline; they punished activities that were
harmful, not those that merely raised suspicion.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to
their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been
@@ -170,142 +215,150 @@
the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the
universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
-
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
id="AuthorsNote">Author's</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote
class="announcement"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our mailing list
-about the dangers of eBooks</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
class="announcement"><p>
+<a</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote>
+<p><a</em></ins></span>
href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our mailing list about
the dangers of <span class="removed"><del><strong>eBooks</a>.
+</p></blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>e-books</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div></em></ins></span>
<div id="AuthorsNote">
-<h3>Author's</em></ins></span> Notes</h3>
+<h3>Author's Notes</h3>
-<ul>
-<li>This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><ul>
+<li>This</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p>This</em></ins></span> story is supposedly a historical article that
will be written in
the future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a
-repressive society shaped by the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>enemies</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>unjust forces</em></ins></span> that use
“pirate” as
+repressive society shaped by the unjust forces that use “pirate” as
propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society.
-I have tried to project it <span class="removed"><del><strong>from today so as
to sound even</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>forwards
into something</em></ins></span> more <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>visibly</em></ins></span>
+I have tried to project it forwards into something more visibly
oppressive. See <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">“Piracy”</a>.
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
</li>
<li>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Computer-enforced restrictions on
lending or reading books (and other
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<p>Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other
kinds of published works) are known as DRM, short for
“Digital Restrictions Management”. To
eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has
established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">Defective by
Design</a> campaign. We ask for your support.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a
separate organization not
+related to the Free Software Foundation, also campaigns against
+DRM.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
</li>
-<li></em></ins></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><li></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></ul>
+
+<blockquote class="info center"></em></ins></span>
<p>The following note has been updated several times since the first
publication of the story.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></blockquote>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>
+<div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
-The <span class="inserted"><ins><em>battle for the</em></ins></span> right to
read is <span class="removed"><del><strong>a battle</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>already</em></ins></span> being <span
class="removed"><del><strong>fought today.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>fought.</em></ins></span> Although it
-may take 50 years for our <span class="removed"><del><strong>present way of
life</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>past
freedoms</em></ins></span> to fade into obscurity, most
-of the specific <span class="inserted"><ins><em>repressive</em></ins></span>
laws and practices described above have
-already been proposed; <span
class="removed"><del><strong>many</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>some</em></ins></span> have been enacted into law in
the US and
+The battle for the right to read is already being fought. Although it
+may take 50 years for our past freedoms to fade into obscurity, most
+of the specific repressive laws and practices described above have
+already been proposed; some have been enacted into law in the US and
elsewhere. In the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act
-(DMCA) <span class="removed"><del><strong>established the legal
-basis</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>gave explicit
government backing</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>restrict</strong></del></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>reading and lending of computerized books (and
-other works</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>computer-enforced restrictions
known</em></ins></span> as <span
class="removed"><del><strong>well).</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>DRM, by making the
-distribution of programs that can break DRM a crime.</em></ins></span> The
European
-Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright <span
class="removed"><del><strong>directive. In France, under the DADVSI law
-adopted</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>directive,</em></ins></span> in <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2006, mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free
program
-to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
-
-<p>
-In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
-SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory
-copy-restriction facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following
-the Clipper chip and similar US government key-escrow proposals, this
-shows</strong></del></span> a <span class="removed"><del><strong>long-term
trend: computer systems are increasingly set up to
-give absentees with clout control over the people actually using the
-computer system. The SSSCA was later renamed to the unpronounceable
-CBDTPA, which was glossed</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>form not quite</em></ins></span> as <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the “Consume But Don't Try
-Programming Act”.
-</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>strong.</p></em></ins></span>
-
-<p>
-The <span class="removed"><del><strong>Republicans took control of the US
senate shortly thereafter.
-They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
-press these proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control,
-the danger is once again higher.</p>
-
-<p>
-In 2001 the</strong></del></span> US <span class="removed"><del><strong>began
attempting to use the proposed “Free Trade” Area of
-the Americas (FTAA) treaty</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>campaigns</em></ins></span> to impose <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the same</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>such</em></ins></span> rules on <span
class="removed"><del><strong>all</strong></del></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>countries in
-the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>rest</em></ins></span> of the <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>world through</em></ins></span>
-so-called <span class="removed"><del><strong>free
-trade treaties, which</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free trade” treaties.
+(DMCA) gave explicit government backing to the
+computer-enforced restrictions known as DRM, by making the
+distribution of programs that can break DRM a crime. The European
+Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive, in a
+form not quite as strong.</p>
+
+<p>
+The US campaigns to impose such rules on the rest of the world through
+so-called “free trade” treaties.
<a href="https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html">
Business-supremacy treaties</a> is a more fitting term for them, since
-they</em></ins></span> are <span
class="removed"><del><strong>actually</strong></del></span> designed to give
business
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>increased power</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>dominion</em></ins></span> over <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nominally</em></ins></span> democratic <span
class="removed"><del><strong>governments; imposing laws like the
-DMCA</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>states. The DMCA's policy of criminalizing
programs that
-break DRM</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>typical</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>one</em></ins></span> of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by
-Lula, President</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>many
unjust policies that these treaties impose
-across a wide range</em></ins></span> of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and
-others.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>fields.</p></em></ins></span>
-
-<p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>Since then, the</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>The</em></ins></span> US has imposed <span
class="removed"><del><strong>similar</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>DMCA</em></ins></span> requirements on <span
class="removed"><del><strong>countries such
-as Australia</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Australia,
Panama, Colombia</em></ins></span>
-and <span class="removed"><del><strong>Mexico</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>South Korea</em></ins></span> through bilateral <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free trade”</strong></del></span>
agreements, and on countries such as
-Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a
-“free trade” agreement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Obama has escalated the
-campaign</em></ins></span> with <span class="inserted"><ins><em>two new
proposed treaties,</em></ins></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>US,
but I've heard Ecuador
-had adopted something like</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>TPP and</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>DMCA</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>TTIP. The
+they are designed to give business dominion over nominally democratic
+states. The DMCA's policy of criminalizing programs that
+break DRM is one of many unjust policies that these treaties impose
+across a wide range of fields.</p>
+
+<p>
+The US has imposed DMCA requirements on Australia, Panama, Colombia
+and South Korea through bilateral agreements, and on countries such as
+Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA. Obama has escalated the
+campaign with two new proposed treaties, the TPP and the TTIP. The
TPP would impose the DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12
countries on the Pacific Ocean. The TTIP would impose similar
-strictures on Europe. Americans should demand their congressional
-representatives reject the attempt to approve the TPP</em></ins></span> in
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2003.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>the lame-duck
+strictures on Europe. <span class="removed"><del><strong>Americans should
demand their congressional
+representatives reject the attempt to approve the TPP in the lame-duck
session after the 2016 election.</p>
<p>
With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door:
Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software
-“upgrades,” even if users consider them rather to be
-downgrades. It can also order all machines running Vista to refuse to
+“upgrades,” even if users consider them rather
to</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>All these treaties
must</em></ins></span> be
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>downgrades. It can also order all machines
running Vista to refuse to
run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's clampdown on
-users was to impose DRM that users can't overcome.</p>
+users was to impose DRM that users can't
overcome.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>defeated, or
+abolished.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
Even the World Wide Web Consortium has fallen under the shadow of the
copyright industry; it is on the verge of approving a DRM system as an
official part of the web specifications.</p>
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p class="emph-box"></em></ins></span>
Nonfree software tends to have <a href="/proprietary/">abusive
-features of many kinds</a>, which support the conclusion that
+features of many kinds</a>, which <span
class="removed"><del><strong>support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>lead to</em></ins></span> the conclusion that
<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">you can
never trust a nonfree program</a>. We must insist on free (libre)
-software only, and reject nonfree programs.</p></em></ins></span>
+software only, and reject nonfree programs.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p class="inline-block">
+With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door:
+Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software
+“upgrades,” even if users consider them rather to be
+downgrades. It can also order all machines running Vista to refuse to
+run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's clampdown on
+users was to impose DRM that users can't overcome. Of course, Windows
+10 is no better</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
-This is the idea that the <span
class="removed"><del><strong><abbr>FBI</abbr></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>FBI</em></ins></span> and Microsoft will keep
the
+This is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep the
root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have
them.</p>
<p>
-The proponents of this scheme <span class="removed"><del><strong>have given
it</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>gave early
versions</em></ins></span> names such as
-“trusted computing” and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Palladium”. We call
-it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
-computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
-companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
-implemented in 2007</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Palladium”, but</em></ins></span> as
<span class="removed"><del><strong>part of <a
href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
-Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar. In this
scheme,</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>ultimately put into use,</em></ins></span> it
is <span class="removed"><del><strong>the manufacturer that keeps the secret
code, but
-the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting
it.</p></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>called
“secure boot”.</p></em></ins></span>
+The proponents of this scheme gave early versions names such as
+“trusted computing” and “Palladium”, but as
+ultimately put into use, it is called “secure boot”.</p>
<p>
What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
@@ -313,37 +366,32 @@
signature and encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored
in your computer. This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web
sites that cooperate with Microsoft, the ultimate control over what
-the user can do on <span
class="removed"><del><strong>his</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>per</em></ins></span> own <span
class="removed"><del><strong>computer.</p>
+the user can do on per own computer. Microsoft is likely to use that
+control on behalf of the FBI when asked: it
+already <a href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">shows
+the NSA security bugs in Windows</a> to exploit.</p>
<p>
-Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for
instance,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>computer.</em></ins></span> Microsoft
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>can forcibly install upgrades, and it can
order all machines running
-Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of
-Vista's many restrictions</strong></del></span> is <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>likely</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>impose DRM (Digital Restrictions
-Management)</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>use</em></ins></span> that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>users can't overcome. The
threat</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>control on behalf</em></ins></span> of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>DRM is why we
-have established</strong></del></span> the <span class="inserted"><ins><em>FBI
when asked: it
-already</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">
-Defective by Design</a> campaign.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">shows
-the NSA security bugs in Windows</a> to
exploit.</p></em></ins></span>
-
-<p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>When</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Secure boot can be implemented in a way that
permits the user to
+Secure boot can be implemented in a way that permits the user to
specify the signature key and decide what software to sign. In
practice, PCs designed for Windows 10 carry only Microsoft's key, and
whether the machine's owner can install any other system (such as
GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's control. We call this <em>restricted
boot</em>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
-In 1997, when</em></ins></span> this story was first <span
class="removed"><del><strong>written,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>published,</em></ins></span> the SPA was
+In 1997, when this story was first published, the SPA was
threatening small Internet service providers, demanding they permit
the SPA to monitor all users. Most ISPs surrendered when
-threatened, because they <span
class="removed"><del><strong>cannot</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>could not</em></ins></span> afford to fight back in
court. One
+threatened, because they could not afford to fight back in court. One
ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the demand
and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit,
-but <span class="removed"><del><strong>obtained</strong></del></span> the
<span class="removed"><del><strong>DMCA, which</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>DMCA</em></ins></span> gave <span
class="removed"><del><strong>them</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>it</em></ins></span> the power <span
class="removed"><del><strong>they</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>it</em></ins></span> sought.</p>
+but the DMCA gave it the power it sought.</p>
<p>
The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers
@@ -353,8 +401,13 @@
reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform
on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in
Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing
-software would be <span
class="removed"><del><strong>raped.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>raped in prison.</p></em></ins></span>
+software would be raped in prison.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<p>
The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this
@@ -376,75 +429,70 @@
<p>
This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most
everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</li>
</ul>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
+</div>
<h3 id="BadNews">Bad News</h3>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="columns"></em></ins></span>
<p>
-The battle for the right to read is already in progress,
-The enemy is organized, while we are not, so it is going against us.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>Here are articles about bad things that
have happened since the
-original publication of this article.</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li>Today's</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></p>
+The battle for the right to read is <span class="removed"><del><strong>already
in progress,</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>going
against us so far.</em></ins></span>
+The enemy is organized, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>while</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>and</em></ins></span> we are <span
class="removed"><del><strong>not, so it is going against
us.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>not.</em></ins></span>
+</p>
-<p>Today's</em></ins></span> commercial
-ebooks <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> abolish
-readers' traditional <span
class="removed"><del><strong>freedoms.</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html">
- A "biology textbook" web site</a> that you can access
only</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>freedoms</a>.
Amazon's e-book reader product,
+<p>Today's commercial
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>ebooks</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>e-books</em></ins></span> <a
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> abolish
+readers' traditional freedoms</a>. Amazon's e-book reader product,
which I call the “Amazon Swindle” because it's designed to
swindle readers out of the traditional freedoms of readers of books,
-is run</em></ins></span> by <span class="removed"><del><strong>signing
- a</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>software with
several
-demonstrated</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse">
- contract not to lend</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html">Orwellian
+is run by software with several
+demonstrated <a href="/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html">Orwellian
functionalities</a>. Any one of them calls for rejecting the product
completely:</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>It spies on everything the user does:</em></ins></span> it
<span class="removed"><del><strong>to anyone
else</a>,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>reports</em></ins></span> which <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book the
+<li><p>It spies on everything the user does: it reports which book
the
user is reading, and which page, and it reports when the user highlights
-text, and any notes</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>publisher</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>user enters.</p></li>
+text, and any notes the user enters.</p></li>
<li><p>It has DRM, which is intended to block users from
sharing copies.</p></li>
-<li><p>It has a back door with which Amazon</em></ins></span> can
- <span class="removed"><del><strong>revoke at will.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/">Electronic
- Publishing:</a> An article about distribution</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>remotely erase any book.
-In 2009, it erased thousands</em></ins></span> of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>books in
- electronic form,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>copies of 1984, by George Orwell.</p></li>
-
-<li><p>In case all that isn't Orwellian enough, there is a
universal
-back door with which Amazon can remotely change the
software,</em></ins></span> and <span class="removed"><del><strong>copyright
issues affecting</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>introduce any other form of
nastiness.</p></li>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><li><p>It</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p
class="inline-block">It</em></ins></span> has a back door with which Amazon
can remotely erase any book.
+In 2009, it erased thousands of copies of 1984, by George
Orwell.</p></li>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><li><p>In</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p
class="inline-block">In</em></ins></span> case all that isn't Orwellian
enough, there is a universal
+back door with which Amazon can remotely change the software, and
+introduce any other form of nastiness.</p></li>
</ul>
-<p>Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too. It
identifies</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>right</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>user and records what books the user obtains.
It also requires
-users</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>read</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>agree to an antisocial contract that they won't share
copies
-with others. My conscience tells me that, if I had agreed to
such</em></ins></span> a <span class="removed"><del><strong>copy.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx">Books
- inside Computers:</a> Software</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>contract, the lesser evil would
be</em></ins></span> to <span class="removed"><del><strong>control who can read
- books</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>defy
it</em></ins></span> and <span class="removed"><del><strong>documents on a
PC.</li>
-</ul></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>share copies
-anyway; however, to be entirely good, we should not agree to it in the
-first place.</p></em></ins></span>
+<p>Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too. It identifies the
+user and records what books the user obtains. It also requires users
+to agree to an antisocial contract that they won't share copies with
+others. My conscience tells me that, if I had agreed to such a
+contract, the lesser evil would be to defy it and share copies anyway;
+however, to be entirely good, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>we</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>I</em></ins></span> should not agree to it in the
first <span class="removed"><del><strong>place.</p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>place. Therefore, I refuse to agree to such
contracts, whether for
+software, for e-books, for music, or for anything
else.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
-to organize and fight. The
+to organize and fight. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>The</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Subscribe to the</em></ins></span>
FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org"> Defective by
Design</a>
-campaign has made a start; subscribe to the campaign's mailing
-list to lend a hand. And <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate">join
-the FSF</a> to help fund our work.
+campaign <span class="removed"><del><strong>has made a start; subscribe to the
campaign's mailing
+list</strong></del></span> to lend a hand. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>And</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>You
+can</em></ins></span> <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate">join the
FSF</a> to <span class="removed"><del><strong>help
fund</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>support</em></ins></span>
+our <span class="removed"><del><strong>work.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>work more generally. There is also a <a
href="/help/help.html">list of ways
+to participate in our work</a>.</em></ins></span>
</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
<h3 id="References">References</h3>
@@ -465,18 +513,20 @@
<li><a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html">Public
Data or Private Data</a>,
Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. </li>
- <li><a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.public-domain.org/">Union</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.org/">Union</em></ins></span>
for the Public
+ <li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.org/">Union
for the Public
Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and
reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
</ul>
-<hr />
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><hr />
<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
-<h5>Other Texts to Read</h5>
+<h5>Other</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Other</em></ins></span> Texts to
<span class="removed"><del><strong>Read</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Read</h4></em></ins></span>
<ul>
<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy of the
@@ -485,6 +535,13 @@
id="copy-protection">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
published in Computer World.</li>
</ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+
+<hr class="thin" />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
+in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M.
Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -543,7 +600,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/09/15 12:00:34 $
+$Date: 2016/12/17 10:59:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
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