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www/philosophy/po rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po
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From: |
Pavel Kharitonov |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy/po rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po |
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Date: |
Wed, 30 Nov 2016 12:23:21 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Pavel Kharitonov <ineiev> 16/11/30 12:23:21
Added files:
philosophy/po : rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po
Log message:
New translation.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po
diff -N rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po 30 Nov 2016 12:23:21 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4529 @@
+# Russian translation of
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html
+# Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Ineiev <address@hidden>, 2016
+# this translation lacks appropriate review
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-22 01:25+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-11-28 17:34+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ: Ñвобода и
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного
"
+"пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation"
+msgstr "СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ: Ñвобода и
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Transcript of Richard M. Stallman's speech, “Free Software: Freedom "
+"and Cooperation”, given at New York University in New York, NY, on 29 "
+"May 2001"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐапиÑÑ ÑеÑи РиÑаÑда СÑолмена
“СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ: Ñвобода и "
+"ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво”, пÑоизнеÑенной в
ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑкÑком ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑе в ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑке "
+"(ÑÑÐ°Ñ ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑк) 29 Ð¼Ð°Ñ 2001 года."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"A <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt\">plain text</a> version "
+"of this transcript and a <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-summary.txt"
+"\">summary</a> of the speech are also available."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже оÑигинал <a
href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt\">в "
+"ÑекÑÑовом виде</a> и его <a
href=\"/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-summary.txt"
+"\">оглавление</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: I'm Mike Uretsky. I'm over at the Stern School of "
+"Business. I'm also one of the Co-Directors of the Center for Advanced "
+"Technology. And, on behalf of all of us in the Computer Science Department, "
+"I want to welcome you here. I want to say a few comments, before I turn it "
+"over to Ed, who is going to introduce the speaker."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>УÑеÑки</b>. Я Ðайк УÑеÑки. Я законÑил
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+"Я Ñакже один из диÑекÑоÑов ЦенÑÑа
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+"ÐнÑоÑмаÑики Ñ Ñ
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+"пеÑед Ñем, как пеÑедаÑÑ Ñлово ÐдÑ, коÑоÑÑй
пÑедÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ вÑÑÑÑпаÑÑего."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The role of a university is a place to foster debate and to have interesting "
+"discussions. And the role of a major university is to have particularly "
+"interesting discussions. And this particular presentation, this seminar "
+"falls right into that mold. I find the discussion of open source "
+"particularly interesting. In a sense … <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"УнивеÑÑиÑÐµÑ — ÑÑо меÑÑо, где
пооÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ±Ð°ÑÑ Ð¸ ведÑÑÑÑ "
+"инÑеÑеÑнÑе диÑкÑÑÑии. Рв кÑÑпном
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+"Ð ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑнÑй доклад, ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеминаÑ,
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+"инÑеÑеÑно. Ð Ñом ÑмÑÑле... <i>[ÑмеÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I do free software. Open source is a different "
+"movement. <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. Я занимаÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами. ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
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+"ÑекÑÑ — ÑÑо дÑÑгое движение. <i>[ÑмеÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: When I first started in the field in the '60's, "
+"basically software was free. And we went in cycles. It became free, and "
+"then software manufacturers, in the need to expand their markets, pushed it "
+"in other directions. A lot of the developments that took place with the "
+"entry of the PC moved in exactly the same kind of a cycle."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>УÑеÑки</b>. Ðогда Ñ Ð² ÑеÑÑидеÑÑÑÑÑ
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+"пеÑÑоналÑнÑми компÑÑÑеÑами, двигалиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
ÑоÑно ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¶Ðµ кÑÑгÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's a very interesting French philosopher, Pierre Levy, who talks about "
+"movement to this direction and who talks about the move into cyberspace as "
+"not only relating to technology but also relating to social restructuring, "
+"to political restructuring, through a change in the kinds of relationships "
+"that will improve the well-being of mankind. And we're hoping that this "
+"debate is a movement in that direction, that this debate is something that "
+"cuts across a lot of the disciplines that normally act as solace within the "
+"University. We're looking forward to some very interesting discussions. Ed?"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ инÑеÑеÑнейÑий ÑÑанÑÑзÑкий
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+"движении в ÑÑом напÑавлении, а Ñакже о
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+"ÑвÑзанном не ÑолÑко Ñ ÑеÑ
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+"коÑоÑÑе обÑÑно миÑно дÑемлÑÑ Ð²
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+"диÑкÑÑÑий. Я пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ Ñлово ÐдÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: I'm Ed Schonberg from the Computer Science "
+"Department at the Courant Institute. Let me welcome you all to this event. "
+"Introducers are usually, and particularly, a useless aspect of public "
+"presentations, but in this case, actually, they serve a useful purpose, as "
+"Mike easily demonstrated, because an introducer for instance, told him, by "
+"making inaccurate comments, can allow him to straighten out and correct and "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> sharpen considerably the parameters of the debate."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ШонбеÑг</b>. Я Ðд ШонбеÑг Ñ ÑакÑлÑÑеÑа
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+"ÐозволÑÑе мне попÑивеÑÑÑвоваÑÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
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+"конÑеÑанÑÑе — ÑÑо беÑполезнÑй
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+"ÑÑом ÑлÑÑае они в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи
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+"ÑÑо конÑеÑанÑÑе, напÑимеÑ, Ñказал емÑ,
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+"позволиÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑавиÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑоÑниÑÑ Ð¸
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+"ÑÑÑло."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, let me make the briefest possible introduction to somebody who doesn't "
+"need one. Richard is the perfect example of somebody who, by acting "
+"locally, started thinking globally from problems concerning the "
+"unavailability of source code for printer drivers at the AI Lab many years "
+"ago. He has developed a coherent philosophy that has forced all of us to re-"
+"examine our ideas of how software is produced, of what intellectual property "
+"means, and what the software community actually represents. Let me welcome "
+"Richard Stallman. <i>[Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, позволÑÑе мне как можно более кÑаÑко
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+"нÑждаеÑÑÑ. РиÑаÑд — оÑлиÑнÑй пÑимеÑ
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+"на меÑÑном ÑÑовне, наÑал мÑÑлиÑÑ
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+"недоÑÑÑпноÑÑи иÑÑ
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+"иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа много леÑ
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+"на Ñо, ÑÑо в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи
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+"обеÑпеÑениÑ. ÐозволÑÑе мне
попÑивеÑÑÑвоваÑÑ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑда.
<i>[аплодиÑменÑÑ]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can someone lend me a watch? <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"Thank you. So, I'd like to thank Microsoft for providing me the opportunity "
+"to <i>[Laughter]</i> be on this platform. For the past few weeks, I have "
+"felt like an author whose book was fortuitously banned somewhere. <i>"
+"[Laughter]</i> Except that all the articles about it are giving the wrong "
+"author's name, because Microsoft describes the GNU GPL as an open source "
+"license, and most of the press coverage followed suit. Most people, of "
+"course just innocently don't realize that our work has nothing to do with "
+"open source, that in fact we did most of it before people even coined the "
+"term open source."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. Ðе Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ мне кÑо-нибÑдÑ
ÑаÑÑ? <i>[ÑмеÑ
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+"ÐÑак, Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Microsoft за пÑедоÑÑавление
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+"бÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑой плаÑÑоÑме. ÐеÑколÑко
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+"авÑоÑ, книга коÑоÑого по ÑÑеÑениÑ
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+"i>. ТолÑко во вÑеÑ
ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
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+"ÑÑо Microsoft опиÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ GNU GPL как лиÑензиÑ
оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
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+"болÑÑинÑÑво пÑбликаÑий в пÑеÑÑе ÑÑо
повÑоÑÑÑÑ. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво лÑдей (конеÑно, "
+"не по Ñвоей вине) пÑоÑÑо не оÑознаÑÑ, ÑÑо
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+"оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
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пÑоделали оÑновнÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ ÐµÑе "
+"до Ñого, как лÑди ввели вÑÑажение
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” в "
+"обиÑ
од."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are in the free software movement, and I'm going to speak about what the "
+"free software movement is about, what it means, what we have done, and, "
+"because this is partly sponsored by a school of business, I'll say some "
+"things more than I usually do about how free software relates to business, "
+"and some other areas of social life."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑ ÑÑаÑÑвÑем в движении за ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ, и Ñ ÑобиÑаÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ Ð¾ "
+"Ñом, в Ñем ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ ÑÑо движение, в Ñем его
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+"поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¼ÐµÑопÑиÑÑие ÑаÑÑиÑно
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+"пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑвом, а Ñакже Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими
ÑÑеÑами обÑеÑÑвенной жизни."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, some of you may not ever write computer programs, but perhaps you "
+"cook. And if you cook, unless you're really great, you probably use "
+"recipes. And, if you use recipes, you've probably had the experience of "
+"getting a copy of a recipe from a friend who's sharing it. And you've "
+"probably also had the experience — unless you're a total neophyte "
+"— of changing a recipe. You know, it says certain things, but you "
+"don't have to do exactly that. You can leave out some ingredients. Add "
+"some mushrooms, 'cause you like mushrooms. Put in less salt because your "
+"doctor said you should cut down on salt — whatever. You can even make "
+"bigger changes according to your skill. And if you've made changes in a "
+"recipe, and you cook it for your friends, and they like it, one of your "
+"friends might say, “Hey, could I have the recipe?” And then, "
+"what do you do? You could write down your modified version of the recipe and "
+"make a copy for your friend. These are the natural things to do with "
+"functionally useful recipes of any kind."
+msgstr ""
+"Так воÑ, кÑо-Ñо из ваÑ, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, никогда
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now a recipe is a lot like a computer program. A computer program's a lot "
+"like a recipe: a series of steps to be carried out to get some result that "
+"you want. So it's just as natural to do those same things with computer "
+"programs — hand a copy to your friend. Make changes in it because the "
+"job it was written to do isn't exactly what you want. It did a great job "
+"for somebody else, but your job is a different job. And after you've "
+"changed it, that's likely to be useful for other people. Maybe they have a "
+"job to do that's like the job you do. So they ask, “Hey, can I have a "
+"copy?” Of course, if you're a nice person, you're going to give a "
+"copy. That's the way to be a decent person."
+msgstr ""
+"Так воÑ, ÑеÑÐµÐ¿Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ
ож на
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+"пÑогÑамма оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ
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Ñагов, коÑоÑÑе нÑжно ÑделаÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
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+"компÑÑÑеÑной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñак же
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+"нее, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑабоÑа, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑполнениÑ
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+"ÑовÑем Ñо, ÑÑо вам нÑжно. ÐомÑ-Ñо она
оÑлиÑно подоÑла, но вам нÑжно ÑделаÑÑ "
+"ÑÑо-Ñо дÑÑгое. Ркогда Ð²Ñ ÐµÐµ изменили, она,
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+"дÑÑгим. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñи, ÑÑ
однÑе Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñими. Так ÑÑо они "
+"ÑпÑоÑÑÑ: “Рможно мне взÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ?”
ÐонеÑно, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±ÑÑй "
+"Ñеловек, Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ñе. Так поÑÑÑпаÑÑ
вÑе поÑÑдоÑнÑе лÑди."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So imagine what it would be like if recipes were packaged inside black "
+"boxes. You couldn't see what ingredients they're using, let alone change "
+"them, and imagine if you made a copy for a friend, they would call you a "
+"pirate and try to put you in prison for years. That world would create "
+"tremendous outrage from all the people who are used to sharing recipes. But "
+"that is exactly what the world of proprietary software is like. A world in "
+"which common decency towards other people is prohibited or prevented."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, пÑедÑÑавÑÑе, ÑÑо бÑло бÑ, еÑли бÑ
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+"ÑÑики. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ видиÑе ингÑедиенÑов, коÑоÑÑе
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+"<i>[Pointing to third member of audience.]</i> He probably did it to most of "
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+"But when somebody invited me to sign a non-disclosure agreement, my "
+"conscience was already sensitized. It remembered how angry I had been, when "
+"somebody promised not to help me and my whole lab solve our problem. And I "
+"couldn't turn around and do the exact same thing to somebody else who had "
+"never done me any harm. You know, if somebody asked me to promise not to "
+"share some useful information with a hated enemy, I would have said yes. "
+"You know? If somebody's done something bad, he deserves it. But, strangers "
+"— they haven't done me any harm. How could they deserve that kind of "
+"mistreatment? You can't let yourself start treating just anybody and "
+"everybody badly. Then you become a predator on society. So I said, “"
+"Thank you very much for offering me this nice software package. But I can't "
+"accept it in good conscience, on the conditions you are demanding, so I will "
+"do without it. Thank you so much.” And so, I have never knowingly "
+"signed a non-disclosure agreement for generally useful technical information "
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+"they asked this was that they were confused by the multiple meanings of the "
+"English word “free”. One meaning refers to price, and another "
+"meaning refers to freedom. When I speak of free software, I'm referring to "
+"freedom, not price. So think of free speech, not free beer. <i>[Laughter]</"
+"i> Now, I wouldn't have dedicated so many years of my life to making sure "
+"programmers got less money. That's not my goal. I'm a programmer and I "
+"don't mind getting money myself. I won't dedicate my whole life to getting "
+"it, but I don't mind getting it. And I'm not — and therefore, ethics "
+"is the same for everyone. I'm not against some other programmer getting "
+"money either. I don't want prices to be low. That's not the issue at all. "
+"The issue is freedom. Freedom for everyone who's using software, whether "
+"that person be a programmer or not."
+msgstr ""
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+"ÑÑо или неÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So at this point I should give you the definition of free software. I "
+"better get to some real details, you see, because just saying “I "
+"believe in freedom” is vacuous. There's so many different freedoms "
+"you could believe in, and they conflict with each other, so the real "
+"political question is: Which are the important freedoms, the freedoms that "
+"we must make sure everybody has?"
+msgstr ""
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+"Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¼Ñ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And now, I will give my answer to that question for the particular area of "
+"using software. A program is free software for you, a particular user, if "
+"you have the following freedoms:"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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+"First, Freedom Zero is the freedom to run the program for any purpose, any "
+"way you like."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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+"Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself by changing the program to suit "
+"your needs."
+msgstr ""
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+"Ñвои нÑждÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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+"Freedom Two is the freedom to help your neighbor by distributing copies of "
+"the program."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"And Freedom Three is the freedom to help build your community by publishing "
+"an improved version so others can get the benefit of your work."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you have all of these freedoms, the program is free software, for you "
+"— and that's crucial. That's why I phrase it that way. I'll explain "
+"why later, when I talk about the GNU General Public License, but right now "
+"I'm explaining what free software means, which is a more basic question."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"So, Freedom Zero's pretty obvious. If you're not even allowed to run the "
+"program anyway you like, it is a pretty damn restrictive program. But as it "
+"happens, most programs will at least give you Freedom Zero. And Freedom "
+"Zero follows, legally, as a consequence of Freedoms One, Two, and Three "
+"— that's the way that copyright law works. So the freedoms that "
+"distinguish free software from typical software are Freedoms One, Two, and "
+"Three, so I'll say more about them and why they are important."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"your needs. This could mean fixing bugs. It could mean adding new "
+"features. It could mean porting it to a different computer system. It "
+"could mean translating all the error messages into Navajo. Any change you "
+"want to make, you should be free to make."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now, it's obvious that professional programmers can make use of this freedom "
+"very effectively, but not just them. Anybody of reasonable intelligence can "
+"learn a little programming. You know, there are hard jobs, and there are "
+"easy jobs, and most people are not going to learn enough to do hard jobs. "
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+"50 years ago, lots and lots of American men learned to repair cars, which is "
+"what enabled the U.S. to have a motorized army in World War II and win. So, "
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+"you're good at getting them to owe you favors. <i>[Laughter]</i> Some of "
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+"” So, lots of people can benefit from it."
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+"frustrating, and if they're using it in their jobs, their jobs are going to "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What do they mean when they say “pirate”? They're saying that "
+"helping your neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship. <i>"
+"[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"What would Buddha or Jesus say about that? Now, take your favorite religious "
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+"[Laughter]</i> Who knows what L. Ron Hubbard would say? But …"
+msgstr ""
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+"ХаббаÑд? Ðо..."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. <i>[неÑазбоÑÑиво]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
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+"that. What?"
+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐонеÑно, он ÑмеÑ. Ðо они
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: So are the others, also dead. <i>[Laughter] "
+"[Inaudible]</i> Charles Manson's also dead. <i>[Laughter]</i> They're dead, "
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+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, that's true. <i>[Laughter]</i> So I guess, "
+"in that regard, L. Ron Hubbard is no worse than the others. <i>[Laughter]</"
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+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: L. Ron always used free software — it freed "
+"him from Zanu. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Anyway, so, I think this is actually the most "
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+"society's most important resource. It's true that it's not a physical "
+"resource like clean air and clean water. It's a psycho-social resource, but "
+"it's just as real for all that, and it makes a tremendous difference to our "
+"lives. You see, the actions we take influence the thoughts of other "
+"people. When we go around telling people, “Don't share with each "
+"other”, if they listen to us, we've had an effect on society, and it's "
+"not a good one. That's Freedom Two, the freedom to help your neighbor."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"this harm to society's psycho-social resource, it also causes waste — "
+"practical, material harm. If the program has an owner, and the owner "
+"arranges a state of affairs where each user has to pay in order to be able "
+"to use it, some people are going to say, “Never mind, I'll do without "
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+"can make fewer cars. There's a saving there. There are resources to be "
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+"the making of these cars. Well, for physical objects, of course, like cars, "
+"it is always going to take resources to make an additional one of them, each "
+"additional exemplar."
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+"comparable programs that did the same jobs — the exact same jobs "
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+"society we want to live in, what makes for a good society, as well as "
+"practical, material benefits. They're both important. That's the free "
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+"pieces of software as free software in our community. So they, the open "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"directed by this decision deserve a say in it — then I hope you'll say "
+"that you agree with the free software movement, and one way you can do that "
+"is by using the term free software and just helping people know we exist."
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+"software for you? <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</i> Is it "
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+"exact copy, and hand it to your friends, so now your friend can use it. Or "
+"maybe you make exact copies and you sell them to a bunch of people, and then "
+"they can use it."
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+"binary-only program is extremely hard. <i>[Laughter]</i> Even trivial "
+"changes like using four digits for the date, <i>[Laughter]</i> if you don't "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"made the measurement. If you made the measurement coming out of the "
+"developers' group, you'd say, “I observe all these freedoms. It's "
+"free software.” If you made the measurements among the users you'd "
+"say, “Hmm, most users don't have these freedoms. It's not free "
+"software.” Well, the people who developed X didn't consider this a "
+"problem, because their goal was just popularity, ego, essentially. They "
+"wanted a big professional success. They wanted to feel, “Ah, lots of "
+"people are using our software.” And that was true. Lots of people "
+"were using their software but didn't have freedom."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Well, in the GNU project, if that same thing had happened to GNU software, "
+"it would have been a failure, because our goal wasn't just to be popular; "
+"our goal was to give people liberty, and to encourage cooperation, to permit "
+"people to cooperate. Remember, never force anyone to cooperate with any "
+"other person, but make sure that everybody's allowed to cooperate, everyone "
+"has the freedom to do so, if he or she wishes. If millions of people were "
+"running nonfree versions of GNU, that wouldn't be success at all. The whole "
+"thing would have been perverted into nothing like the goal."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"with is called “copyleft”. It's called copyleft because it's "
+"sort of like taking copyright and flipping it over. <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"Legally, copyleft works based on copyright. We use the existing copyright "
+"law, but we use it to achieve a very different goal. Here's what we do. We "
+"say, “This program is copyrighted.” And, of course, by default, "
+"that means it's prohibited to copy it, or distribute it, or modify it. But "
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+msgstr ""
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+"condition says: Whenever you distribute anything that contains any piece of "
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+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"we make sure can't be taken away from you. And, of course, the specific "
+"license that embodies the idea of copyleft is the GNU General Public "
+"License, a controversial license because it actually has the strength to say "
+"no to people who would be parasites on our community."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"There are lots of people who don't appreciate the ideals of freedom. And "
+"they'd be very glad to take the work that we have done, and use it to get a "
+"head start in distributing a nonfree program and tempting people to give up "
+"their freedom. And the result would be — you know, if we let people "
+"do that — that we would be developing these free programs, and we'd "
+"constantly have to compete with improved versions of our own programs. "
+"That's no fun."
+msgstr ""
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+"contribute to that company's, to improving that company's, proprietary "
+"program? You know, some people might not even think that that's evil, but "
+"they want to get paid if they're going to do that. I, personally, would "
+"rather not do it at all."
+msgstr ""
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+"are the non-copylefted programs for which nonfree versions are allowed. "
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+msgstr ""
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+"the code that we wrote and put it into proprietary programs, have somebody "
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+"different and incompatible. And then, put it on everybody's desktop. So "
+"they really don't like the GNU GPL. Because the GNU GPL won't let them do "
+"that. It doesn't allow “embrace and extend”. It says, if you "
+"want to share our code in your programs, you can. But, you've got to share "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Ðа нÑ?"
+
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"freedom-subtracted packages”. <i>[Laughter]</i> Because if you have "
+"installed a free operating system, then you now are living in the free "
+"world. You enjoy the benefits of liberty that we worked for so many years "
+"to give you. Those packages give you an opportunity to buckle on a chain."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"And then if you look at the trade shows — about the use of the, "
+"dedicated to the use of, the GNU/Linux system, they all call themselves "
+"“Linux” shows. And they're filled with booths exhibiting "
+"nonfree software, essentially putting the seal of approval on the nonfree "
+"software. So, almost everywhere you look in our community, the institutions "
+"are endorsing the nonfree software, totally negating the idea of freedom "
+"that GNU was developed for. And the only place that people are likely to "
+"come across the idea of freedom is in connection with GNU, and in connection "
+"with free software, the term, free software. So this is why I ask you: "
+"please call the system GNU/Linux. Please make people aware where the system "
+"came from and why."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Of course, just by using that name, you won't be making an explanation of "
+"the history. You can type four extra characters and write GNU/Linux; you "
+"can say two extra syllables. But, GNU/Linux is fewer syllables than Windows "
+"2000. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, you're not telling them a lot, but you're "
+"preparing them, so that when they hear about GNU, and what it's all about, "
+"they'll see how that connects to them and their lives. And that, "
+"indirectly, makes a tremendous difference. So please help us."
+msgstr ""
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+"license”. They don't want people to be thinking in terms of freedom "
+"as the issue. You'll find that they invite people to think in a narrow way, "
+"as consumers, and, of course, not even think very rationally as consumers, "
+"if they're going to choose Microsoft products. But they don't want people "
+"to think as citizens or statesmen. That's inimical to them. At least it's "
+"inimical to their current business model."
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+"interest to some of you is how free software relates to business. Now, in "
+"fact, free software is <em>tremendously</em> useful for business. After "
+"all, most businesses in the advanced countries use software. Only a tiny "
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+"means the users are in control of what the program does. Either "
+"individually, if they care enough to be, or, collectively, when they care "
+"enough to be. Whoever cares enough can exert some influence. If you don't "
+"care, you don't buy. Then you use what other people prefer. But, if you do "
+"care, then you have some say. With proprietary software, you have "
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+"matter that there are no programmers in your company; that's fine. You "
+"know, if you wanted to move the walls in your building, you don't have to be "
+"a carpentry company. You just have to be able to go find a carpenter and "
+"say, “What will you charge to do this job?” And if you want to "
+"change around the software you use, you don't have to be a programming "
+"company. You just have to go to a programming company and say, “What "
+"will you charge to implement these features? And when will you have it done?"
+"” And if they don't do the job, you can go find somebody else."
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+"There's a free market for support. So, any business that cares about "
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+"software, support is a monopoly, because one company has the source code, or "
+"maybe a small number of companies that paid a gigantic amount of money have "
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+"Your company is not important enough for them to care if they lose your "
+"business, or what happens. Once you're using the program, they figure "
+"you're locked in to getting the support from them, because to switch to a "
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+"for the privilege of reporting a bug. <i>[Laughter]</i> And once you've "
+"paid, they tell you, “Well, OK, we've noted your bug report. And in a "
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+"wouldn't like. So we know that if the users don't like it, they'll make a "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"law. Whoever gets to write the code that just about everybody uses for all "
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+"software, these laws get written in a democratic way. Not the classical "
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+"feature that way, do it. And, it gets done one way or the other, you know? "
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+"Now, how do free software businesses work? Well, some of them sell copies. "
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+"a month. And others sell support and various kinds of services. I, "
+"personally, for the second half of the '80's, I sold free software support "
+"services. Basically I said, for $200 an hour, I'll change whatever you want "
+"me to change in GNU software that I'd written. And, yes, it was a stiff "
+"rate, but if it was a program that I was the author of, people would figure "
+"that I might get the job done in a lot fewer hours. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I "
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, 1990 was when the first corporation free software business was formed, "
+"which was Cygnus Support. And their business was to do, essentially, the "
+"same kind of thing that I'd been doing. I certainly could have worked for "
+"them, if I had needed to do that. Since I didn't need to, I felt it was "
+"good for the movement if I remained independent of any one company. That "
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+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"So, this illustrates one of the exciting things about free software. Free "
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+"free software. And it also belies what Microsoft says when they say the GNU "
+"GPL is bad, because it makes it harder for them to raise capital to develop "
+"nonfree software and take our free software and put our code into their "
+"programs that they won't share with us. Basically, we don't need to have "
+"them raising capital that way. We'll get the job done anyway. We are "
+"getting the job done."
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"before, Linux?"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b>. Я Ñказал “GNU/Linux”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You did?"
+msgstr "<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ÐÑ Ñказали?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"for the free software businesses that there will be. And so that will take "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "ÐÑак, ÑепеÑÑ, по-моемÑ, мне нÑжно
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Could you speak up a bit louder please? I can't "
+"really hear you."
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: How could a company like Microsoft include a free "
+"software contract?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Ðак ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, как
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, actually, Microsoft is planning to shift a "
+"lot of its activity into services. And what they're planning to do is "
+"something dirty and dangerous, which is tie the services to the programs, "
+"one to the next, in a sort of zigzag, you know? So that to use this service, "
+"you've got to be using this Microsoft program, which is going to mean you "
+"need to use this service, to this Microsoft program, so it's all tied "
+"together. That's their plan."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now, the interesting thing is that selling those services doesn't raise the "
+"ethical issue of free software or nonfree software. It might be perfectly "
+"fine for them to have the business for those businesses selling those "
+"services over the net to exist. However, what Microsoft is planning to do "
+"is to use them to achieve an even greater lock, an even greater monopoly, on "
+"the software and the services, and this was described in an article, I "
+"believe in Business Week, recently. And, other people said that it is "
+"turning the net into the Microsoft Company Town."
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"And this is relevant because, you know, the trial court in the Microsoft "
+"antitrust trial recommended breaking up the company, Microsoft. But in a "
+"way, that makes no sense — it wouldn't do any good at all — into "
+"the operating part and the applications part."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"But having seen that article, I now see a useful, effective way to split up "
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+"deal with each other only at arm's length, that the services must publish "
+"their interfaces, so that anybody can write a client to talk to those "
+"services, and, I guess, that they have to pay to get the service. Well, "
+"that's OK. That's a totally different issue."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"If Microsoft is split up in this way […] services and software, they "
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+"services. And they won't be able to use the services to crush competition "
+"with Microsoft software. And we will be able to make the free software, and "
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+"succeeded in subjugating as many people. So, the problem is not Microsoft "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Earlier, you were discussing the philosophical "
+"differences between open source software and free software. How do you feel "
+"about the current trend of GNU/Linux distributions as they head towards "
+"supporting only Intel platforms? And the fact that it seems that less and "
+"less programmers are programming correctly, and making software that will "
+"compile anywhere? And making software that simply works on Intel systems?"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I don't see an ethical issue there. Although, in "
+"fact, companies that make computers sometimes port the GNU/Linux system to "
+"it. HP apparently did this recently. And, they didn't bother paying for a "
+"port of Windows, because that would have cost too much. But getting GNU/"
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now, of course, I encourage people to use <code>autoconf</code>, which is a "
+"GNU package that makes it easier to make your programs portable. I "
+"encourage them to do that. Or when somebody else fixes the bug that it "
+"didn't compile on that version of the system, and sends it to you, you "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"discuss patents. But don't discuss intellectual property. I don't have an "
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+"don't have time to go into it. But I would say that all functional works "
+"ought to be free in the same sense as software. You know, textbooks, "
+"manuals, dictionaries, and recipes, and so on."
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I was just wondering on online music. There are "
+"similarities and differences created all through."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ЧÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑмаеÑе о мÑзÑке в
ÑеÑи? ТÑÑ Ð¸ Ñам еÑÑÑ ÑÑ
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+"ÑазлиÑиÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. I'd say that the minimum freedom that we "
+"should have for any kind of published information is the freedom to non-"
+"commercially redistribute it, verbatim. For functional works, we need the "
+"freedom to commercially publish a modified version, because that's "
+"tremendously useful to society. For non-functional works, you know, things "
+"that are to entertain, or to be aesthetic, or to state a certain person's "
+"views, you know, perhaps they shouldn't be modified. And, perhaps that "
+"means that it's OK, to have copyright covering all commercial distribution "
+"of them."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐÑавилÑно. Я Ð±Ñ Ñказал, ÑÑо
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+"Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° бÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ñбого Ñода
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+"иÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please remember that according to the U.S. Constitution, the purpose of "
+"copyright is to benefit the public. It is to modify the behavior of certain "
+"private parties, so that they will publish more books. And the benefit of "
+"this is that society gets to discuss issues and learn. And, you know, we "
+"have literature. We have scientific works. The purpose is encourage that. "
+"Copyrights do not exist for the sake of authors, let alone for the sake of "
+"publishers. They exist for the sake of readers and all those who benefit "
+"from the communication of information that happens when people write and "
+"others read. And that goal I agree with."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But in the age of the computer networks, the method is no longer tenable, "
+"because it now requires draconian laws that invade everybody's privacy and "
+"terrorize everyone. You know, years in prison for sharing with your "
+"neighbor. It wasn't like that in the age of the printing press. Then "
+"copyright was an industrial regulation. It restricted publishers. Now, "
+"it's a restriction imposed by the publishers on the public. So, the power "
+"relationship is turned around 180 degrees, even if it's the same law."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо в век компÑÑÑеÑнÑÑ
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+"ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¶Ðµ ÑамÑй закон."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: So you can have the same thing — but like "
+"in making music from other music?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Так ÑÑо можно полÑÑиÑÑ Ñо
же Ñамое — но как в "
+"ÑоÑÑавлении мÑзÑки из дÑÑгой мÑзÑки?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. That is an interesting …"
+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐÑавилÑно. ÐÑо
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: And unique, new works, you know, it's still a lot "
+"of cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Ð ÑникалÑнÑе новÑе ÑабоÑÑ,
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: It is. And I think that probably requires some "
+"kind of fair use concept. Certainly making a few seconds of sample and "
+"using that in making some musical work, obviously that should be fair use. "
+"Even the standard idea of fair use includes that, if you think about it. "
+"Whether courts agree, I'm not sure, but they should. That wouldn't be a "
+"real change in the system as it has existed."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: What do you think about publishing public "
+"information in proprietary formats?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ЧÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑмаеÑе о пÑбликаÑии
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+"ÑиÑменнÑÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh, it shouldn't be. I mean, the government "
+"should never require citizens to use a nonfree program to access, to "
+"communicate with the government in any way, in either direction."
+msgstr ""
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+"напÑавлении."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I have been, what I will now say, a GNU/Linux "
+"user…"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Я бÑл, как Ñ ÑепеÑÑ Ð±ÑдÑ
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+"Linux..."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Thank you. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐлагодаÑÑ. <i>[ÑмеÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: …for the past four years. The one thing "
+"that has been problematical for me and is something that is essential, I "
+"think, to all of us, is browsing the web."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ...поÑледние ÑеÑÑÑе года.
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+"ÑÑо важно, Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes."
+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b>. Ðа."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: One thing that has been decidedly a weakness in "
+"using a GNU/Linux system has been browsing the web, because the prevailing "
+"tool for that, Netscape…"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Ðдной из ÑвнÑÑ
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+"ÑÑедÑÑво Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого, Netscape..."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b> ...не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ñвободной
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Let me respond to this. I want to get to the point, for the sake of getting "
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+"Netscape Navigator on their GNU/Linux systems. And, in fact all the "
+"commercially packaged systems come with it. So this is an ironic situation: "
+"we worked so hard to make a free operating system, and now, if you go to the "
+"store, and you can find versions of GNU/Linux there, most of them are called "
+"Linux, and they're not free. Oh, well, part of them is. But then, there's "
+"Netscape Navigator, and maybe other nonfree programs as well. So, it's very "
+"hard to actually find a free system, unless you know what you're doing. Or, "
+"of course, you can not install Netscape Navigator."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"that is non-graphical; it's text-only. This has a tremendous advantage, in "
+"you don't see the ads. <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr ""
+"Ðо как Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло, еÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑй
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"selling point, and say Linux."
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"GNU ниÑего не знаеÑ."
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh yes. The problem is that they've already "
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+"the issue of what is a more accurate, or fair, or correct way to describe it "
+"is not the primary issue that matters to a company like that. Now, some "
+"small companies, yes, there'll be a boss. And if the boss is inclined to "
+"think about things like that, he might make a decision that way. Not a "
+"giant corporation though. It's a shame, you know."
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's another more important and more substantive issue about what IBM is "
+"doing. They're saying that they're putting a billion dollars into “"
+"Linux”. But perhaps, I should also put quotes around “"
+"into”, as well, because some of that money is paying people to develop "
+"free software. That really is a contribution to our community. But other "
+"parts is paying to pay people to write proprietary software, or port "
+"proprietary software to run on top of GNU/Linux, and that is <em>not</em> a "
+"contribution to our community. But IBM is lumping that altogether into "
+"this. Some of it might be advertising, which is partly a contribution, even "
+"if it's partly wrong. So, it's a complicated situation. Some of what "
+"they're doing is contribution and some is not. And some is sort is "
+"somewhat, but not exactly. And you can't just lump it altogether and think, "
+"Wow! Whee! A billion dollars from IBM. <i>[Laughter]</i> That's "
+"oversimplification."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you talk a little bit more about the thinking "
+"that went into the General Public License?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. РаÑÑкажиÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа,
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, here's the — I'm sorry, I'm answering "
+"his question now. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐÑ, Ð²Ð¾Ñ — пÑоÑÑиÑе, Ñ Ñже
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Do you want to reserve some time for the press "
+"conference? Or do you want to continue here?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ШонбеÑг</b>. ÐÑ Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Who is here for the press conference? Not a lot "
+"of press. Oh, three — OK. Can you afford if we — if I go on "
+"answering everybody's questions for another ten minutes or so? OK. So, "
+"we'll go on answering everybody's questions."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. РкÑо здеÑÑ ÑобÑалÑÑ Ð½Ð°
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"So, the thinking that went into the GNU GPL? Part of it was that I wanted to "
+"protect the freedom of the community against the phenomena that I just "
+"described with X Windows, which has happened with other free programs as "
+"well. In fact, when I was thinking about this issue, X Windows was not yet "
+"released. But I had seen this problem happen in other free programs. For "
+"instance, TeX. I wanted to make sure that the users would all have "
+"freedom. Otherwise, I realized that I might write a program, and maybe a "
+"lot of people would use the program, but they wouldn't have freedom. And "
+"what's the point of that?"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"parasite who would wander along. If you don't use copyleft, you are "
+"essentially saying: <i>[speaking meekly]</i> “Take my code. Do what "
+"you want. I don't say no.” So, anybody can come along and say: <i>"
+"[speaking very firmly]</i> “Ah, I want to make a nonfree version of "
+"this. I'll just take it.” And, then, of course, they probably make "
+"some improvements, those nonfree versions might appeal to users, and replace "
+"the free versions. And then, what have you accomplished? You've only made a "
+"donation to some proprietary software project."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"And when people see that that's happening, when people see, other people "
+"take what I do, and they don't ever give back, it can be demoralizing. And, "
+"this is not just speculation. I had seen that happen. That was part of "
+"what happened to wipe out the old community that I belonged to the '70's. "
+"Some people started becoming uncooperative. And we assumed that they were "
+"profiting thereby. They certainly acted as if they thought they were "
+"profiting. And we realized that they can just take off cooperation and not "
+"give back. And there was nothing we could do about it. It was very "
+"discouraging. We, those of us who didn't like the trend, even had a "
+"discussion and we couldn't come up with any idea for how we could stop it."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"jobs. But, if you release a modified version, you've got to release that to "
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+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"So, in fact, there are still many ways that people can get the benefit of "
+"our work and not contribute, like you don't have to write any software. "
+"Lots of people use GNU/Linux and don't write any software. There's no "
+"requirement that you've got to do anything for us. But if you do a certain "
+"kind of thing, you've got to contribute to it. So what that means is that "
+"our community is not a doormat. And I think that that helped give people "
+"the strength to feel, Yes, we won't just be trampled underfoot by "
+"everybody. We'll stand up to this."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Yes, my question was, considering free but not "
+"copylefted software, since anybody can pick it up and make it proprietary, "
+"is it not possible also for someone to pick it up and make some changes and "
+"release the whole thing under the GPL?"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, it is possible."
+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b>. Ðа, ÑÑо возможно."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Then, that would make all future copies then be "
+"GPL'ed."
+msgstr "<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Тогда ÑÑо помеÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ñе
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: From that branch. But here's why we don't do "
+"that."
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ЧÑо?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Here's why we don't generally do that. Let me "
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. Ð, да."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We could, if we wanted to, take X Windows, and "
+"make a GPL-covered copy and make changes in that. But there's a much larger "
+"group of people working on improving X Windows and <em>not</em> GPL-ing it. "
+"So, if we did that, we would be forking from them. And that's not very nice "
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+msgstr ""
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+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"development team. Send it to them and let them use it their way. Because "
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr ""
+"Ðа, именно ÑакÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð²
оÑноÑении Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· "
+"авÑоÑÑкого лева. Ðа Ñамом деле
Ñ ÐонÑоÑÑиÑма X бÑла оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¶ÐµÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ "
+"полиÑика. Ðни говоÑÑÑ: “ÐÑли в ваÑей
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+"авÑоÑÑкое лево, Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ñе не бÑдем ее
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оÑим "
+"помеÑаÑÑ ÑÑо в Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑибÑÑив”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, a lot of people were pressured in this way into not copylefting. And "
+"the result was that all of their software was wide open, later on. When the "
+"same people who had pressured a developer to be too all-permissive, then the "
+"X people later said, All right, now we can put on restrictions, which wasn't "
+"very ethical of them."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, под Ñаким давлением многие
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+"ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе вÑе иÑ
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+"Ðогда Ñе же лÑди, коÑоÑÑе вÑнÑждали
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+"вÑеÑазÑеÑаÑÑим, поÑом лÑди из X Ñказали:
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+"наложиÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениє, ÑÑо Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð±Ñло не оÑенÑ-Ñо "
+"ÑÑиÑно."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, given the situation, would we really want to scrape up the resources to "
+"maintain an alternate GPL-covered version of X? And it wouldn't make any "
+"sense to do that. There are so many other things we need to do. Let's do "
+"them instead. We can cooperate with the X developers."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо и в ÑÑой ÑиÑÑаÑии Ñазве Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñ
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+"алÑÑеÑнаÑивнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ X под GPL?
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+"не бÑло. У Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñло много дÑÑгиÑ
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+"занимаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Do you have a comment, is the GNU a trademark? "
+"And is it practical to include it as part of the GNU General Public License "
+"allowing trademarks?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ÐожеÑе ли Ð²Ñ ÑÑо-Ñо ÑказаÑÑ
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+"обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU допÑÑение
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We are, actually, applying for trademark "
+"registration on GNU. But it wouldn't really have anything to do with that. "
+"It's a long story to explain why."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐÑ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑвиÑелÑно подали
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+"— ÑÑо Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð¸ÑÑоÑиÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You could require the trademark be displayed with "
+"GPL-covered programs."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебоваÑÑ
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+"пÑогÑаммами под GPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: No, I don't think so. The licenses cover "
+"individual programs. And when a given program is part of the GNU Project, "
+"nobody lies about that. The name of the system as a whole is a different "
+"issue. And this is an aside. It's not worth discussing more."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐеÑ, не дÑмаÑ. ÐиÑензии
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+"Ð ÑÑо напÑÑмÑÑ Ðº делÑ
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+"далÑÑе."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: If there was a button that you could push and "
+"force all companies to free their software, would you press it?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>. ÐÑли Ð±Ñ Ð±Ñла кнопка,
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+"заÑÑавиÑÑ Ð²Ñе компании оÑвободиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
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+"нажали?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, I would only use this for published "
+"software. You know, I think that people have the right to write a program "
+"privately and use it. And that includes companies. This is privacy issue. "
+"And it's true, there can be times when it is wrong to do that, like if it is "
+"tremendously helpful to humanity, and you are withholding it from humanity. "
+"That is a wrong but that's a different kind of wrong. It's a different "
+"issue, although it's in the same area."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>СÑолмен</b>. ÐÑ, Ñ Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ñименил ÑÑо ÑолÑко
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+"ÐонимаеÑе, Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð»Ñдей еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñаво
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+"и полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑ. Ð Ñом ÑиÑле
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+"дÑÑгого Ñода. ÐÑо дÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема, Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But yes, I think all published software should be free software. And "
+"remember, when it's not free software, that's because of government "
+"intervention. The government is intervening to make it nonfree. The "
+"government is creating special legal powers to hand out to the owners of the "
+"programs, so that they can have the police stop us from using the programs "
+"in certain ways. So I would certainly like to end that."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо Ñ Ð¸ впÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо вÑе пÑбликÑемÑе
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+"ÐмейÑе в видÑ, ÑÑо когда пÑогÑамма не
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+"Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Richard's presentation has invariably generated "
+"an enormous amount of intellectual energy. I would suggest that some of it "
+"should be directed to using, and possibly writing, free software."
+msgstr ""
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+"на пÑименение, а можеÑ,
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We should close the proceedings shortly. I want to say that Richard has "
+"injected into a profession which is known in the general public for its "
+"terminal apolitical nerditude a level of political and moral discussion "
+"which is, I think, unprecedented in our profession. And we owe him very big "
+"for this. I'd like to note to people that there is a break."
+msgstr ""
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+"Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[Applause]</i>"
+msgstr "<i>[ÐплодиÑменÑÑ]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: You are free to leave at any time, you know. <i>"
+"[Laughter]</i> I'm not holding you prisoner here."
+msgstr ""
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+"вам не ÑÑÑемнÑй надзиÑаÑелÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[Audience adjourns…]</i>"
+msgstr "<i>[ÐÑдиÑоÑÐ¸Ñ ÑаÑÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пеÑеÑÑв...]</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[overlapping conversations…]</i>"
+msgstr "<i>[паÑаллелÑнÑе диалоги...]</li>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: One final thing. Our website: www.gnu.org"
+msgstr "<b>СÑолмен</b>. РпоÑледнее. ÐÐ°Ñ ÑайÑ:
www.gnu.org."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
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+"\">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ Ñондом.
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+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм
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+"возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
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+"пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
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+"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
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+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2006, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2006, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard M. Stallman<br /"
+">Copyright © 2016 Free Software Foundation (translation)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel=\"license\"
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+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru\">лиÑензии Creative
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+"Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ — Ðез
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"
+"пÑоизведений</em>) 4.0 ÐÑемиÑнаÑ</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ "
+"можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
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+"найденнÑÑ
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+"\">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе пеÑеводов gnu.org</a>.</em>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Ðбновлено:"
- www/philosophy/po rms-nyu-2001-transcript.ru.po,
Pavel Kharitonov <=