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www/server/staging/readability free-sw.html ini...
|
From: |
Therese Godefroy |
|
Subject: |
www/server/staging/readability free-sw.html ini... |
|
Date: |
Fri, 21 Oct 2016 12:02:54 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Therese Godefroy <th_g> 16/10/21 12:02:54
Modified files:
server/staging/readability: free-sw.html
initial-announcement.html layout.css
manifesto.html right-to-read.he.html
right-to-read.html style.rtl.css
Log message:
2-column layout for all test pages; free-sw: edit subheads, use same
format for #beyond-software and #open-source, emphasize 4 freedoms;
right-to-read.html: update; layout.css: increase font-size in .article, add
defs for .columns and div.column-liit, remove obsolete defs (also
style.rtl.css), etc.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/readability/free-sw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/readability/initial-announcement.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/readability/layout.css?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/readability/manifesto.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/readability/right-to-read.he.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/readability/right-to-read.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/staging/readability/style.rtl.css?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
Patches:
Index: free-sw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/staging/readability/free-sw.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- free-sw.html 19 Oct 2016 09:02:27 -0000 1.3
+++ free-sw.html 21 Oct 2016 12:02:53 -0000 1.4
@@ -16,38 +16,51 @@
<title>What is free software?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-blockquote.subhead, .columns, .inline-block {
- margin: 0;
+h3 {
+ margin-top: 2em;
+}
+.columns {
+ margin: 0 0 2em;
}
-.columns p, .columns ul {
+.columns p, .columns li {
+ line-height: 1.5em;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
+.note {
+ margin: 1.5em 3% 0;
+}
blockquote.intro {
margin: 0 3%;
}
+blockquote.subhead, .columns, .inline-block {
+ margin: 0;
+}
blockquote.subhead p {
font-size: 1.1em;
text-align: center;
padding: .3em .5em;
- margin-top: 1.5em;
+ margin: 2em 0 1.5em;
background: #f5f5f5;
}
-.note {
- margin: 1.5em 3% 0;
+.columns .emph-box {
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+ background: #f7f7f7;
+ border-color: #e74c3c;
}
address@hidden (min-width: 38em) {
- .intro, .columns {
address@hidden (min-width: 48em) {
+ .intro {
text-align: justify;
}
.intro p {
margin: -.3em 0 0 0;
}
-}
address@hidden (min-width: 48em) {
.note {
float: none;
width: auto; max-width: 100%;
}
+ .columns .emph-box {
+ margin: .3em 0 0;
+ }
}
--></style>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
@@ -59,6 +72,7 @@
<h2 class="c">What is free software?</h2>
<h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>
+<div class="article">
<div class="columns">
<blockquote class="intro">
<p class="inline-block">
@@ -72,7 +86,7 @@
</blockquote>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.html" -->
</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<div class="columns">
<p class="inline-block">
@@ -103,6 +117,7 @@
<blockquote class="subhead"><p>The four essential freedoms</p></blockquote>
<div class="columns">
+<div class="emph-box inline-block">
<p>
A program is free software if the program's users have the
four essential freedoms:
@@ -124,6 +139,7 @@
Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
<p class="inline-block">
A program is free software if it gives users adequately all of these
@@ -143,8 +159,8 @@
specific freedoms adequate or not.</p>
</div>
-<blockquote class="subhead"><p>Freedoms for anyone, anywhere…
-but free doesn't mean useful</p></blockquote>
+<blockquote class="subhead"><p>Freedoms for anyone, anywhere,
+but free doesn't mean useful for what you want to do</p></blockquote>
<div class="columns">
<p>Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means you are free to
@@ -467,7 +483,7 @@
</p>
</div>
-<h3 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h3>
+<blockquote class="subhead"><p>Beyond Software</p></blockquote>
<div class="columns">
<p>
@@ -491,7 +507,7 @@
</p>
</div>
-<h3 id="open-source">Open Source?</h3>
+<blockquote class="subhead"><p>Open Source?</p></blockquote>
<div class="columns">
<p>
@@ -503,7 +519,7 @@
never refers to freedom</a>.
</p>
</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
+</div>
<h3 id="History">History</h3>
@@ -690,7 +706,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/10/19 09:02:27 $
+$Date: 2016/10/21 12:02:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: initial-announcement.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/staging/readability/initial-announcement.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- initial-announcement.html 13 Oct 2016 11:25:36 -0000 1.2
+++ initial-announcement.html 21 Oct 2016 12:02:53 -0000 1.3
@@ -15,13 +15,15 @@
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
<title>Initial Announcement - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+blockquote { margin: 2.4em 6%; }
.original { margin-left: 3%; }
--></style>
-
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<h2 class="c">Initial Announcement</h2>
+<div class="article">
+<blockquote>
<p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by
<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September
27, 1983.</p>
@@ -31,10 +33,11 @@
January 1984. Several of the philosophical concepts
of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> were not
clarified until a few years later.</p>
+</blockquote>
-<div class="article">
-<h3>Free Unix!</h3>
+<h3 class="sub">Free Unix!</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and
give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.
@@ -59,10 +62,11 @@
Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will have
network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol, far superior to
UUCP. We may also have something compatible with UUCP.</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="sub">Who Am I?</h3>
-<h3>Who Am I?</h3>
-
+<div class="columns">
<p>I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked
extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters,
@@ -70,9 +74,11 @@
system. I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In
addition I have implemented one crashproof file system and two window
systems for Lisp machines.</p>
+</div>
-<h3>Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+<h3 class="sub">Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I
must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good
conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license
@@ -82,10 +88,11 @@
principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free
software so that I will be able to get along without any software that
is not free.</p>
+</div>
+<h3 class="sub">How You Can Contribute</h3>
-<h3>How You Can Contribute</h3>
-
+<div class="columns">
<p>I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and
money. I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.</p>
@@ -124,10 +131,11 @@
Richard Stallman<br />
166 Prospect St<br />
Cambridge, MA 02139</p>
+</div>
+<h4 id="f1" class="sub">Poor choice of wording around “free”</h4>
-<h4 id="f1">Poor choice of wording around “free”</h4>
-
+<div class="columns">
<p>The wording here was careless. The intention was that nobody would
have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system. But the
words don't make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying
@@ -247,6 +255,7 @@
Cambridge, MA 02139
</pre>
</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -306,7 +315,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/10/13 11:25:36 $
+$Date: 2016/10/21 12:02:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: layout.css
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/staging/readability/layout.css,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- layout.css 16 Oct 2016 21:27:51 -0000 1.2
+++ layout.css 21 Oct 2016 12:02:53 -0000 1.3
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
.no-display { display: none; }
.inline-block {
display: inline-block;
- margin: 0;
+ margin: 1em 0 0;
}
@@ -299,10 +299,8 @@
hr.thin {
clear: both;
height: 1px;
- margin: 1.5em 0;
+ margin: 1.7em 0;
border: none;
- background: #d4d4d4;
- background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #d4d4d4, #333, #d4d4d4);
}
@@ -530,7 +528,7 @@
padding: .4em 0;
margin: .8em 0;
color: #a42e2b;
- border-bottom: 1px solid #d4d4d4;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;
}
#outdated p { margin: .2em 0; }
@@ -952,18 +950,33 @@
#content { margin-bottom: 2.5em; }
-.article { padding-top: .1em; }
-.article p, .article pre, .article li, .article dt, .article dd {
+.article { font-size: 1.1em; }
+
+.article p, .article li, .article dt,
+ .article dd, .article h3, .article h4 {
line-height: 1.5em;
}
+.article h3 { font-size: 1.4em; margin-top: 1.3em; }
address@hidden (min-width: 38em) {
- .article {
- clear: both;
- text-align: justify;
- max-width: 35.7em;
- margin: auto;
- }
+h3.sub { border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb; }
+
+.columns { margin: 0 0 1.7em; }
+
+.columns p { margin-bottom: 0; }
+
+dd.columns { margin-left: 3%; margin-right: 3%; }
+
+.column-limit {
+ height: .4em;
+ width: 10%;
+ margin: 2em auto;
+ background: #bbb;
+ background-image: linear-gradient(to right, white, #bbb, white);
+}
+
address@hidden (min-width: 48em) {
+ .article { text-align: justify; }
+ .article .center { text-align: center; }
.columns {
-webkit-column-count: 2;
-webkit-column-gap: 1.5em;
@@ -975,14 +988,6 @@
.columns > *:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
}
address@hidden (min-width: 48em) {
- .article { clear: both; padding: .1em 12% 0; }
- .article ul, .article ol { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
- .article h3, .article h4, .article h5 { margin-left: -8%; }
- .article dt { margin-left: -4%; }
- .article dl dd { margin: 1em 0 1.5em; }
-}
-
/*** MISSION STATEMENT ***/
Index: manifesto.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/staging/readability/manifesto.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- manifesto.html 13 Oct 2016 11:25:36 -0000 1.2
+++ manifesto.html 21 Oct 2016 12:02:53 -0000 1.3
@@ -16,21 +16,21 @@
<title>The GNU Manifesto
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-.article { padding-top: .1em; }
address@hidden (min-width: 38em) {
- .left-column, .right-column { text-align: justify; }
+.article { margin-top: 2.5em; }
+.columns blockquote, .right {
+ margin: 0 3%;
}
@media (min-width: 48em) {
- .left-column, .right-column { width: 48%; margin: 0; }
- .left-column { float: left; }
- .right-column { float: right; }
+ blockquote > p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
}
--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<h2 class="c">The GNU Manifesto</h2>
-<blockquote class="left-column">
+<div class="article">
+<div class="columns">
+<blockquote>
<p> The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> in 1985 to
ask for support in developing the GNU operating system. Part of the
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
added since 1993 help clarify these points.</p>
</blockquote>
-<div class="right-column">
+<div class="right">
<p>If you want to install the GNU/Linux system, we recommend you use
one of the <a href="/distros">100% free software GNU/Linux
distributions</a>. For how to contribute,
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@
use it to promote an
<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">amoral approach</a> to
the same field.</p>
</div>
+</div>
+<h3 id="whats-gnu" class="sub">What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!</h3>
-<div class="article" style="clear: both">
-<h3 id="whats-gnu">What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!</h3>
-
+<div class="columns">
<p>
GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
other volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money,
programs and equipment are greatly needed.</p>
-<p>
+<p class="inline-block">
So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor
commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator,
a linker, and around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is
@@ -104,9 +104,11 @@
<p>
To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the <em>g</em> in the
word “GNU” when it is the name of this project.</p>
+</div>
-<h3 id="why-write">Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+<h3 id="why-write" class="sub">Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program I
must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to
@@ -124,17 +126,21 @@
will be able to get along without any software that is not free. I
have resigned from the AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent
me from giving GNU away.<a href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
+</div>
-<h3 id="compatible">Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix</h3>
+<h3 id="compatible" class="sub">Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Unix is not my ideal system, but it is not too bad. The essential
features of Unix seem to be good ones, and I think I can fill in what
Unix lacks without spoiling them. And a system compatible with Unix
would be convenient for many other people to adopt.</p>
+</div>
-<h3 id="available">How GNU Will Be Available</h3>
+<h3 id="available" class="sub">How GNU Will Be Available</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to
modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to
@@ -142,9 +148,11 @@
<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
modifications will not be allowed. I want to make sure that all
versions of GNU remain free.</p>
+</div>
-<h3 id="why-help">Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help</h3>
+<h3 id="why-help" class="sub">Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
I have found many other programmers who are excited about GNU and
want to help.</p>
@@ -169,9 +177,11 @@
sharing. This can give us a feeling of harmony which is impossible if
we use software that is not free. For about half the programmers I
talk to, this is an important happiness that money cannot replace.</p>
+</div>
-<h3 id="contribute">How You Can Contribute</h3>
+<h3 id="contribute" class="sub">How You Can Contribute</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<blockquote>
<p>
(Nowadays, for software tasks to work on, see the <a
@@ -215,9 +225,11 @@
important as making money. I view this as a way of enabling dedicated
people to devote their full energies to working on GNU by sparing them
the need to make a living in another way.</p>
+</div>
-<h3 id="benefit">Why All Computer Users Will Benefit</h3>
+<h3 id="benefit" class="sub">Why All Computer Users Will Benefit</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system
software free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
@@ -263,19 +275,19 @@
<p>
Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as
breathing, and as productive. It ought to be as free.</p>
+</div>
-<h3 id="rebutted-objections">Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's
Goals</h3>
+<h3 id="rebutted-objections" class="sub">Some Easily Rebutted Objections to
GNU's Goals</h3>
<dl>
<dt id="support">
<strong>“Nobody will use it if it is free, because that means
-they can't rely on any support.”</strong></dt>
-
-<dt>
+they can't rely on any support.”</strong>
+<br />
<strong>“You have to charge for the program to pay for providing
the support.”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free
without service, a company to provide just service to people who have
@@ -314,13 +326,12 @@
<dt id="advertising">
<strong>“You cannot reach many people without advertising, and
-you must charge for the program to support that.”</strong></dt>
-
-<dt>
+you must charge for the program to support that.”</strong>
+<br />
<strong>“It's no use advertising a program people can get
free.”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
There are various forms of free or very cheap publicity that can be
used to inform numbers of computer users about something like GNU. But
@@ -341,7 +352,7 @@
<strong>“My company needs a proprietary operating system to get
a competitive edge.”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
GNU will remove operating system software from the realm of
competition. You will not be able to get an edge in this area, but
@@ -361,7 +372,7 @@
<strong>“Don't programmers deserve a reward for their
creativity?”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
If anything deserves a reward, it is social contribution.
Creativity can be a social contribution, but only in so far as society
@@ -374,14 +385,14 @@
<strong>“Shouldn't a programmer be able to ask for a reward for
his creativity?”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
There is nothing wrong with wanting pay for work, or seeking to
maximize one's income, as long as one does not use means that are
destructive. But the means customary in the field of software today
are based on destruction.</p>
-<p>
+<p class="inline-block">
Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of
it is destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the
ways that the program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth
@@ -402,7 +413,7 @@
<dt id="starve">
<strong>“Won't programmers starve?”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
I could answer that nobody is forced to be a programmer. Most of us
cannot manage to get any money for standing on the street and making
@@ -441,7 +452,7 @@
<strong>“Don't people have a right to control how their
creativity is used?”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
“Control over the use of one's ideas” really constitutes
control over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make
@@ -497,8 +508,8 @@
<strong>“Competition makes things get done
better.”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
+<dd class="columns">
+<p class="inline-block">
The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we
encourage everyone to run faster. When capitalism really works this
way, it does a good job; but its defenders are wrong in assuming it
@@ -519,7 +530,7 @@
<strong>“Won't everyone stop programming without a monetary
incentive?”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
Actually, many people will program with absolutely no monetary
incentive. Programming has an irresistible fascination for some
@@ -556,8 +567,8 @@
<strong>“We need the programmers desperately. If they demand
that we stop helping our neighbors, we have to obey.”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
-<p>
+<dd class="columns">
+<p class="inline-block">
You're never so desperate that you have to obey this sort of demand.
Remember: millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute!</p>
</dd>
@@ -565,7 +576,7 @@
<dt id="living">
<strong>“Programmers need to make a living somehow.”</strong></dt>
-<dd>
+<dd class="columns">
<p>
In the short run, this is true. However, there are plenty of ways
that programmers could make a living without selling the right to use a
@@ -600,7 +611,6 @@
Suppose everyone who buys a computer has to pay x percent of the
price as a software tax. The government gives this to an agency
like the NSF to spend on software development.</p>
-
<p>
But if the computer buyer makes a donation to software development
himself, he can take a credit against the tax. He can donate to
@@ -614,13 +624,17 @@
<p>
The consequences:</p>
-
<ul>
<li>The computer-using community supports software development.</li>
<li>This community decides what level of support is needed.</li>
<li>Users who care which projects their share is spent on can
choose this for themselves.</li>
</ul>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the
postscarcity world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to
@@ -639,9 +653,9 @@
competition. Free software will greatly reduce these drains in the
area of software production. We must do this, in order for technical
gains in productivity to translate into less work for us.</p>
-</dd>
-</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
@@ -784,7 +798,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/10/13 11:25:36 $
+$Date: 2016/10/21 12:02:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: right-to-read.he.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/staging/readability/right-to-read.he.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- right-to-read.he.html 13 Oct 2016 11:04:49 -0000 1.2
+++ right-to-read.he.html 21 Oct 2016 12:02:53 -0000 1.3
@@ -25,34 +25,54 @@
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>××××ת ×קר×× - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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+#tycho {
+ margin: 1.7em 0;
+}
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+#AuthorsNote .emph-box {
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+.columns .emph-box {
+ margin: 1em;
+ background: #f7f7f7;
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+}
+h3 {
+ font-size: 1.3em;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;
+}
address@hidden (min-width: 48em) {
+ #login, .emph-box, .announcement, #tycho {
+ width: 80%;
+ margin: auto;
+ }
+ .article .no-display { display: block; }
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<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.he.html" -->
-<div class="c">
-<h2>××××ת ×קר××</h2>
+<h2 class="center">××××ת ×קר××</h2>
-<p>
+<div class="article">
+<p class="center">
××ת <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>ר×צ'×ר×
ס×××××</strong></a></p>
-<p>
+<p class="center">
<em>×××ר ×× ××ª×¤×¨×¡× ×××ª× ×עת <cite>Communication of the
ACM</cite> (××¨× 40
-×ס' 2) ש××¦× ×פ×ר××ר 1997.</em></p>
-</div>
+×ס' 2) ש××¦× ×פ×ר××ר 1997.</em></p>
<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote id="tycho"><p>
+<blockquote id="tycho" class="center"><p>
×ת×× <cite>×××¨× ××××ק×</cite>, ק×××¥ ×××ר××
×¢× ×××ס×× ×××פ××× ×©× ××× ×, שפ×רס×
-×××× ×-ס××× ××©× ×ª 2096.
+×××× ×-ס××× ××©× ×ª 2096.
</p></blockquote>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
×¢××ר ×× ×××ר×, ×××¨× ×××××§× ×××× ×תק×פת
××××××× ×ק×××' - ××שר ×××¡× ×× ×¥ ש×××
×××ª× ×× ××× ×ס××× ××ש××× ×× ×ת ××××©× ×©××.
ש×× ×תק×ק×, ××ס×××× ××××× ×©××
@@ -86,7 +106,10 @@
××קר. (10% ×××× ×קר××× ×××¢××¨× ×ת××××××
×××קר×× ×©×ת×× ×ת ××××ר××, ××× ×©×××
ת×××× ×××שר ×שש××£ ×קר×××¨× ×ק×××ת, ק××××
ש×עת××, ×××קר×× ×©××, ××× ×××× ×××××
×ספ×ק ××¤× ××ת, ××× ××¡× ×× ×ספ×ק ×סף ××× ×©××××
×××××ר ×ת ××× ×××××××.)</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit nodisplay"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
×ש×× ××××ר ××תר, ×× ×××× ×©××× ××× ×× ×©××× ××
××× ××× ××שת ×ספר×× ××קר×× ×ת
××××ר×× ××ק×××××, ××פ××× ×¡×¤×¨××, ×××× ×©××××
צר×× ×ש×× ×¢××ר קר××ת×. ××× ××× ××
@@ -129,7 +152,10 @@
debugger ×פ×× ×עת ××××ª× ××ק××ת, ××× ×©×× ×× ××ת×
×× ×ער×ת ×פע×× ×××ת, ×× ×××ת
××תק×× ×××ª× ×××× ××עת ×ת ×ק×× ×ס××× ×©×
×××רת ××××©× ×©××, ××× ××× ×©×× ×¡××××
ש××¢××× ×©×××קר×ס××¤× ×× ×- FBI ×××¡×¨× ×× ×ת ×ק××
×ס××× ×××.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit nodisplay"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
××× ××× ×ר×ר ש××× ×× ×××× ×¡×ª× ×× ××ש×××
××××¡× ×ת ××××©× ×©××. ××¦× ×©× ×, ×× ×××
×× ××× ××¡×¨× ××. ××× ×××ª× ××××©× ×©××× ×××,
××¢×¦× ××¢×××× ×©××× ×ר×××©× ×ספ×ק
@@ -160,7 +186,10 @@
×××× ×©× ×¡×××× ××× ×××× ××רס××××ת ××××
××שת×ש ×××ש×××. ×¢× ×× ××× ××רס××××ת × ×§××
××××©× ×©×× × - ×× ××¢× ××©× ×¨×§ ××קר×× ×©×ת×××
פע×××××ת ×××ק×ת. ××¢×××× ×©×פע×××ת
×¢×××× ××××ת ×××ª× ××ק×ת ×× ×××××ª× ×××ת×
תק××¤× ×¡××× ×ספקת ××¢× ×ש×.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit nodisplay"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
××ר×ת ×פרס××, ×××¡× ×× ×××××× ×- SPA ××× ××
×××ת ×ספר. ×××פ×, ××¢×××× ×©×××
×ס××× ×עש×ת ×¢×××¨× ×ת ×× ×©×¢×©× ×¨×§ ××××§× ×ת
×קשר ××× ×××, ××××××× ××ת×× ×ª×. ×××
@@ -169,12 +198,13 @@
××××××ת ש××× ×©× ×¢× ×עתק×ת, ××× ×¢× ×××ק×
××ק×ר×ת ×©× ×ר×"×. ×× ×¢××¨× ×××× ×, ש×
×× ×צ×× ×× ×©×× ××ר×× ×©××××× ×ר×× ××ר××¢×
××ר××× ×©× ×- SPA. ×ש××¨× Tycho ×××
××©× ×ª 2062, ××××ת ×××× ××רס××ת ×קר××, ×××ª× ××ת
×××ר×ת××. </p>
+</div>
<div id="AuthorsNote">
<h3>×ערת ××××ר</h3>
-<p>××¢×¨× ×× ×¢×××× × ×- 2002</p>
-
+<blockquote id="updated"><p>××¢×¨× ×× ×¢×××× × ×-
2002</p></blockquote>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
×××××× ×¢× ××××ת ×קר××, ××× ××××× ×©×תר×שת
××ש ×עת. ××× × ××§× ×××× 50 ×©× × ×¢×
ש××¨× ××××× ×× ××××ת תע×× ×××××××, ××× ×ר××ת
×××ק×× ××פרק××ק×ת ש×××××¨× ×ס×פ×ר
@@ -209,7 +239,10 @@
×××ש××× ×©×× ×, ×פ××ת ×פ××ת ש×××× ××שת×ש×
××××©× ×¢× ×××ש××× ×©×××. ×××, ××©× ×©×
×- SSSCA ש×× × ×- CBDTPA. × ××ª× ×ר××ת ××× ×¨××©× ×ª×××ת
×©× Consume But Don't Try
Programming Act (××××ר âצר××, ××× ×× ×ª× ×¡× ×ת×× ×ª
×עצ××â).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
×××× ×©×ס×פ×ר × ×ת×, ×- SPA ×××× ×¢× ×¡×¤×§××ת
שר××ª× ××× ××¨× × ×§×× ×ת, ש×××¤×©×¨× ×- SPA
×עק×× ×××¨× ×× ××ק×××ת ש×××. ×ר××ת ×ספק××ת ×
×× ×¢× ×××××× ×©×× ×× ×××× ××¢××× ×××
@@ -217,7 +250,6 @@
D3). ×פ××ת ספק×ת ××ת, Community ConneXion ×××ק×× ×,
ק××פ××¨× ××, סר×× ××ר×שת ×-
SPA, ×××××©× × ××× ×ª×××¢× ×שפ××ת. ××"×, ×- SPA
×××××× ××××ר ××× ××ת×××¢×, ××××
ק×××× ×ת ×- DMCA ×©× ×ª× ××× ×ת ×ת ×××× ×©××
××פש×.</p>
-
<p>
×- SPA, ×ר××× ×©×§××× ×× ××צ×××ת, ×שר××©× ×ת×××ת
ש×× ×× Software Publishers
Association, (××××ר ××××× ×פ××¦× ×ת××× ×), [×××רס×
××× ×××ת ×©× ×ס×פ×ר, ×-SPA
@@ -229,13 +261,15 @@
×¢× ×¢××ת××× ××¢×××× ××¢× ××ר×××. ×סע ×××צ"× ×ת
××ר×ר×ס×× ×©× ×- BSA ××ר×× ××× × ×-
2001 פ××ר ×××××× ×ר××××× ×©×× ×©×× ×©×©××ª×¤× ×ª×××
×ת ×¢××××× ××צ×× ×ת עצ×× ×ק×ר×× ×ת
××× ×¡ ××××.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<p>
×××× ××ת ×××××× ×××× ××רס××××ת שת××ר×
×ס×פ×ר ××× × × ××××× ×ת - ××××××, ×××ת
××××× ××רס××××ת ××××ר ש×ק××, ××שר ××ª× × ×× ×¡
××××©× ××ª× ×ק×× ×ת ×××××¢× ××××
(××רש××× ××ק×ר):</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote id="login"><p>
×ער×ת ×× ××× × ×ש×××ש ×שת×ש×× ××רש×× ××××.
×שת×ש×× ××× ×רש××, ×× ×©××ר×××
×××רש×× ×©× ××ª× × ×××, ×ש×פ×× ××× ×©××
פע×××ת××× ×××× ×× ××ר×ת ××ת××¢××ת ×¢"× ×××
××× ×©× ×ס×ס××. ××××× ×××¢×§× ×××¨× ×× ×©××
ש×שת×ש×× ××ער×ת ××××¤× ×× ×ª×§×× ×× ×××××
@@ -249,12 +283,10 @@
<p>
×× ×××©× ××¢× ××× ×ª ×ת×ק×× ×ר×××¢× ×××ק×: ×××¥ ×¢×
×× ××× ×©××, ××ס××× ×ר×ש ×××ת×ר ×¢×
××××××ת ש×ת×ק×× ××§× × ×××.</p>
-</div>
<h3 id="BadNews"></h3>
-
<p>
-<br /><a href="#AuthorsNote">×ערת ××××ר</a> ×¢×סקת ×¢× ×קר×
×¢× ××××ת ×קר××,
+<a href="#AuthorsNote">×ערת ××××ר</a> ×¢×סקת ×¢× ××§×¨× ×¢×
××××ת ×קר××,
××¢× × ××©× ×פ×ק×× ×××ק×ר×× ×. ×××××× ×¢×
××××××ת ×××× ××ר ×ת××××.
</p>
@@ -296,9 +328,10 @@
reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
</ul>
</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
+</div>
-<blockquote id="fsfs" class="c"><p class="big">×××ר ×× ×¤××¨×¡× ×-<br
/><a
+<hr class="thin" />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">×××ר ×× ×¤××¨×¡× ×-<br /><a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of
Richard M. Stallman</cite></a></p></blockquote>
@@ -381,7 +414,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Updated:
-$Date: 2016/10/13 11:04:49 $
+$Date: 2016/10/21 12:02:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: right-to-read.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/staging/readability/right-to-read.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- right-to-read.html 15 Oct 2016 07:54:45 -0000 1.1
+++ right-to-read.html 21 Oct 2016 12:02:53 -0000 1.2
@@ -16,35 +16,61 @@
<title>The Right to Read
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-hr.thin { margin-top: 1.5em; }
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-.announcement { margin: 2em 1em; }
-.article ul { margin: 0; }
-.article li p { margin-top: 1em; }
-#AuthorsNote ul li { margin-top: 1.5em; }
+#tycho, #updated {
+ margin: 1.7em 0;
+}
+#login {
+ margin: 1em 3%;
+}
+#AuthorsNote ul, #AuthorsNote li {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+#AuthorsNote li p {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+}
+#AuthorsNote li p.emph-box {
+ margin: .5em 3% 1.5em;
+ background: #f7f7f7;
+ border-color: #e74c3c;
+}
address@hidden (min-width: 48em) {
+ #AuthorsNote .columns > p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
+ #updated p { text-align: center; }
+ #tycho, .announcement, #login {
+ width: 75%;
+ margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;
+ }
+ #AuthorsNote .columns p.emph-box {
+ width: 75%;
+ margin: .5em auto 2.5em;
+ }
+ .article .no-display { display: block; }
+ .announcement {
+ text-align: center;
+ background: #f5f5f5;
+ border-right: .3em solid #fc7;
+ }
+}
--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<div class="c">
-<h2>The Right to Read</h2>
+<h2 class="center">The Right to Read</h2>
-<p>
+<div class="article">
+<p class="center">
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<p>
+<p class="center">
<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
of <cite>Communications of the ACM</cite> (Volume 40,
Number 2).</em></p>
-</div>
<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote id="tycho"><p>
+<blockquote id="tycho"><p class="center">
From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of
articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
- Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
+ Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
</p></blockquote>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa
Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless
@@ -80,7 +106,10 @@
fees went to the researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for
an academic career, he could hope that his own research papers, if
frequently referenced, would bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit no-display"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the
library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to
@@ -124,7 +153,10 @@
knowing your computer's root password. And neither
the FBI nor
Microsoft Support would tell you that.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit no-display"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he
couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to
@@ -161,7 +193,10 @@
using computers. Previously, universities maintained a different
approach to student discipline; they punished activities that were
harmful, not those that merely raised suspicion.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit no-display"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to
their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been
@@ -171,38 +206,53 @@
to Luna, where they found others who had likewise gravitated away from
the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the
universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
+</div>
-<blockquote class="announcement"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
-about the dangers of eBooks</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote>
+<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
about the dangers of e-books</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
<div id="AuthorsNote">
<h3>Author's Notes</h3>
-<ul>
-<li>This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p>This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in
the future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a
repressive society shaped by the unjust forces that use “pirate” as
propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society.
I have tried to project it forwards into something more visibly
oppressive. See <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">“Piracy”</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<blockquote id="updated"><p>The following notes have been updated several
times since the first
+publication of the story.</p></blockquote>
</li>
<li>
+<div class="columns">
<p>Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other
kinds of published works) are known as DRM, short for
“Digital Restrictions Management”. To
eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has
established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>Defective by
Design</a> campaign. We ask for your support.</p>
+
+<p>The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a separate organization not
+related to the Free Software Foundation, also campaigns against
+DRM.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
</li>
<li>
-<p>The following note has been updated several times since the first
-publication of the story.</p>
-
+<div class="columns">
<p>
The battle for the right to read is already being fought. Although it
may take 50 years for our past freedoms to fade into obscurity, most
@@ -232,31 +282,41 @@
campaign with two new proposed treaties, the TPP and the TTIP. The
TPP would impose the DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12
countries on the Pacific Ocean. The TTIP would impose similar
-strictures on Europe. Americans should demand their congressional
-representatives reject the attempt to approve the TPP in the lame-duck
-session after the 2016 election.</p>
-
-<p>
-With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door:
-Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software
-“upgrades,” even if users consider them rather to be
-downgrades. It can also order all machines running Vista to refuse to
-run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's clampdown on
-users was to impose DRM that users can't overcome.</p>
+strictures on Europe. All these treaties must be defeated, or
+abolished.</p>
<p>
Even the World Wide Web Consortium has fallen under the shadow of the
copyright industry; it is on the verge of approving a DRM system as an
official part of the web specifications.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
-<p>
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p class="emph-box">
Nonfree software tends to have <a href="/proprietary/">abusive
-features of many kinds</a>, which support the conclusion that
+features of many kinds</a>, which lead to the conclusion that
<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">you can
never trust a nonfree program</a>. We must insist on free (libre)
software only, and reject nonfree programs.</p>
<p>
+With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door:
+Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software
+“upgrades,” even if users consider them rather to be
+downgrades. It can also order all machines running Vista to refuse to
+run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's clampdown on
+users was to impose DRM that users can't overcome. Of course, Windows
+10 is no better.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p>
One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
This is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep the
root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have
@@ -285,7 +345,12 @@
whether the machine's owner can install any other system (such as
GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's control. We call this <em>restricted
boot</em>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
In 1997, when this story was first published, the SPA was
threatening small Internet service providers, demanding they permit
@@ -304,13 +369,17 @@
on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in
Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing
software would be raped in prison.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
<p>
The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this
message upon login:</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote id="login"><p>
This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using
this computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority
are subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and
@@ -333,8 +402,8 @@
<h3 id="BadNews">Bad News</h3>
<p>
-The battle for the right to read is already in progress,
-The enemy is organized, while we are not, so it is going against us.
+The battle for the right to read is going against us so far.
+The enemy is organized, and we are not.
</p>
<p>Today's commercial
@@ -364,19 +433,21 @@
</ul>
<p>Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too. It identifies the
-user and records what books the user obtains. It also requires
-users to agree to an antisocial contract that they won't share copies
-with others. My conscience tells me that, if I had agreed to such a
-contract, the lesser evil would be to defy it and share copies
-anyway; however, to be entirely good, we should not agree to it in the
-first place.</p>
+user and records what books the user obtains. It also requires users
+to agree to an antisocial contract that they won't share copies with
+others. My conscience tells me that, if I had agreed to such a
+contract, the lesser evil would be to defy it and share copies anyway;
+however, to be entirely good, I should not agree to it in the first
+place. Therefore, I refuse to agree to such contracts, whether for
+software, for e-books, for music, or for anything else.</p>
<p>If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
-to organize and fight. The
+to organize and fight. Subscribe to the
FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";> Defective by Design</a>
-campaign has made a start; subscribe to the campaign's mailing
-list to lend a hand. And <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate";>join
-the FSF</a> to help fund our work.
+campaign to lend a hand. You
+can <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate";>join the FSF</a> to support
+our work more generally. There is also a <a href="/help/help.html">list of
ways
+to participate in our work</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="References">References</h3>
@@ -402,9 +473,8 @@
Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and
reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
</ul>
-</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<hr class="thin" />
<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
@@ -418,6 +488,7 @@
id="copy-protection">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
published in Computer World.</li>
</ul>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -476,7 +547,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/10/15 07:54:45 $
+$Date: 2016/10/21 12:02:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: style.rtl.css
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/staging/readability/style.rtl.css,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- style.rtl.css 13 Oct 2016 10:56:19 -0000 1.1
+++ style.rtl.css 21 Oct 2016 12:02:54 -0000 1.2
@@ -66,10 +66,6 @@
float: left;
margin: .2em 2em 1em 0;
}
- .article h3, .article h4, .article h5 {
- margin-left: 0; margin-right: -8%;
- }
- .article dt { margin-left: 0; margin-right: -4%; }
}
@media (min-width: 55em) {
.pict.wide {
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