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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy enforcing-gpl.bg.html po/enforci... |
Date: |
Fri, 06 Jun 2014 12:57:47 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 14/06/06 12:57:47
Modified files:
philosophy : enforcing-gpl.bg.html
philosophy/po : enforcing-gpl.bg.po enforcing-gpl.translist
Added files:
philosophy/po : enforcing-gpl.bg-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.bg.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.bg-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: enforcing-gpl.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- enforcing-gpl.bg.html 16 Sep 2012 05:28:18 -0000 1.9
+++ enforcing-gpl.bg.html 6 Jun 2014 12:57:45 -0000 1.10
@@ -1,46 +1,29 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.bg.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ÐÑивеждане в Ñила на ÐбÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑблиÑен
лиÑенз на GNU - ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU - ФондаÑиÑ
-за Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (ФСС)</title>
-
-<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, violation, general, public,
-license, gpl, general public license, enforcing, freedom, software, Eben,
-Moglen, Eben Moglen, ФСС, ФондаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, ÐинÑкÑ, наÑÑÑение,
-пÑблиÑен, обÑ, лиÑенз, ÐÐÐ, ÐÐ±Ñ Ð¿ÑблиÑен
лиÑенз, пÑивеждане в Ñила, Ñвобода,
-ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, Ðбен, Ðоглен, Ðбен Ðоглен" />
-<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Ð Ñова еÑе,
âÐÑивеждане в Ñила на ÐбÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑблиÑен
лиÑенз на GNUâ, Ðбен
-Ðоглен, пÑавен конÑÑлÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ФСС, говоÑи
как на пÑакÑика Ñе оÑÑÑеÑÑвÑва
-пÑивежданеÑо в Ñила на ÐбÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑблиÑен
лиÑенз на GNU (GPL)." />
+за Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.bg.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.bg.po">
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.bg.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2011-09-20" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.bg.html" -->
<h2>ÐÑивеждане в Ñила на ÐбÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑблиÑен
лиÑенз на GNU</h2>
-<p>
-Ð¾Ñ <a href="http://moglen.law.columbia.edu/"><strong>Ðбен
+<p>Ð¾Ñ <a href="http://moglen.law.columbia.edu/"><strong>Ðбен
Ðоглен</strong></a></p>
<p><em>10 ÑепÑемвÑи 2001 г.</em></p>
-<p>
-ÐÑанзиваÑа на ÐайкÑоÑоÑÑ ÑÑеÑÑ GPL Ð¾Ñ Ñова
лÑÑо оÑново запали иÑкÑаÑа на
+<p>ÐÑанзиваÑа на ÐайкÑоÑоÑÑ ÑÑеÑÑ GPL Ð¾Ñ Ñова
лÑÑо оÑново запали иÑкÑаÑа на
ÑпекÑлаÑииÑе оÑноÑно Ñова дали GPL е
âпÑавно пÑиложимâ лиÑенз. Ðинаги ме
ÑазвеÑелÑва ÑоÑно Ñози пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð·Ð° СÐС (ÑÑÑаÑ
, неÑигÑÑноÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑмнение).
ÐÑедполагам, Ñе ÑÑм единÑÑвениÑÑ Ð² ÑвеÑа
адвокаÑ, койÑо може да изÑеÑе Ñези
дÑми, но ми е ÑÑдно какво има да Ñе ÑÑдÑÑ Ñ
оÑаÑа, когаÑо им казвам:
ÐÑилаганеÑо на пÑакÑика на <a
href="/licenses/gpl.html">GPL</a> е неÑо,
-коеÑо аз пÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑоÑнно.
-</p>
+коеÑо аз пÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑоÑнно.</p>
-<p>
-ТÑй каÑо <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободниÑÑ
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a> не Ñе
+<p>ТÑй каÑо <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободниÑÑ
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a> не Ñе
подÑинÑва на канониÑе на ÑÑвÑеменноÑо
обÑеÑÑво, Ñ
оÑаÑа Ñа Ñклонни да
пÑедполагаÑ, Ñе гони неÑипиÑниÑе Ñи Ñели Ñ
необикновено наÑ
одÑиви, а оÑÑам и
кÑеÑ
ки пÑавни меÑ
анизми. Ðо Ñова
допÑÑкане е невÑÑно. ЦелÑа, коÑÑо Ñледва
@@ -52,27 +35,21 @@
ÑвÑÑзано в глобална мÑежа обÑеÑÑво ÑÑвÑем
ÑазлиÑни модели на пÑоизводÑÑво и
диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° измеÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑадиÑионниÑе модели в бизнеÑа. Ð
законовиÑÑ
меÑ
анизÑм на GPL, койÑо пÑави вÑзможно
вÑиÑко Ñова, е Ñолкова моÑна маÑина
-ÑÑкмо заÑоÑо е ÑÑÑÑавена Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹-пÑоÑÑиÑе
ÑабоÑеÑи ÑаÑкове.
-</p>
+ÑÑкмо заÑоÑо е ÑÑÑÑавена Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹-пÑоÑÑиÑе
ÑабоÑеÑи ÑаÑкове.</p>
-<p>
-СÑÑÑевинаÑа на закона за авÑоÑÑкоÑо пÑаво,
подобно на дÑÑгиÑе ÑиÑÑеми за
+<p>СÑÑÑевинаÑа на закона за авÑоÑÑкоÑо
пÑаво, подобно на дÑÑгиÑе ÑиÑÑеми за
ÑазпоÑеждане ÑÑÑ ÑобÑÑвеноÑÑ, е в ÑилаÑа
на изклÑÑванеÑо. ÐоÑиÑелÑÑ Ð½Ð°
авÑоÑÑко пÑаво по закон има пÑлномоÑиеÑо
да изклÑÑва дÑÑгиÑе Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñане,
-ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑване и ÑÑздаване на
пÑоизводни ÑабоÑи.
-</p>
+ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑване и ÑÑздаване на
пÑоизводни ÑабоÑи.</p>
-<p>
-Тази Ñила на изклÑÑване пÑедполага Ñавна
по големина и обÑаÑна по поÑока
+<p>Тази Ñила на изклÑÑване пÑедполага Ñавна
по големина и обÑаÑна по поÑока
Ñила на лиÑензиÑане â Ñ.е. пÑедоÑÑавÑне на
ÑазÑеÑение за дейÑÑвиÑ, коиÑо
инаÑе биÑ
а били незаконни. ÐиÑензиÑе не Ñа
договоÑи: поÑÑебиÑелÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÑвоÑбаÑа е задÑлжен да дейÑÑва ÑпоÑед
огÑаниÑениÑÑа на лиÑенза, не заÑоÑо е
положил добÑоволно обеÑание, а заÑоÑо не
Ñа Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавени никакви дÑÑги
-пÑава на дейÑÑвие, извÑн опÑеделениÑе в
лиÑенза.
-</p>
+пÑава на дейÑÑвие, извÑн опÑеделениÑе в
лиÑенза.</p>
-<p>
-Ðо повеÑеÑо компании за ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑки
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑе влаÑÑ, оÑколкоÑо
+<p>Ðо повеÑеÑо компании за ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑки
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑе влаÑÑ, оÑколкоÑо
ÑамоÑо авÑоÑÑко пÑаво може да им даде.
Тези ÑиÑми заÑвÑваÑ, Ñе пÑедоÑÑавÑÑ
на поÑÑебиÑелиÑе âлиÑензâ за ÑоÑÑÑеÑа Ñи,
но Ñози лиÑенз ÑÑдÑÑжа задÑлжениÑ,
за коиÑо законÑÑ Ð·Ð° авÑоÑÑкоÑо пÑаво не е и
ÑÑвал. ÐапÑимеÑ, ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, койÑо
@@ -82,11 +59,9 @@
Ñе ÑÑглаÑиÑе пÑи закÑпÑване на ÑоÑÑÑеÑа в
запеÑаÑана опаковка Ð¾Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð½Ð°
(Ñ.наÑ. âshrink wrap licenseâ) или пÑи изÑеглÑнеÑо
Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑнеÑ
(Ñ.наÑ. âclickwrap licenseâ). ÐвÑоÑÑкоÑо пÑаво е
пÑоÑÑо наÑин поÑÑебиÑелиÑе
-да бÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑени оÑе повеÑе.
-</p>
+да бÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑени оÑе повеÑе.</p>
-<p>
-GPL, Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑга ÑÑÑана, изземва ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
авÑоÑÑкиÑе пÑава, вмеÑÑо да пÑибавÑ
+<p>GPL, Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑга ÑÑÑана, изземва ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
авÑоÑÑкиÑе пÑава, вмеÑÑо да пÑибавÑ
кÑм ÑÑÑ
. ÐÑма нÑжда лиÑензÑÑ Ð´Ð° е Ñложен,
заÑоÑо ние Ñе опиÑваме да
ÑпÑажнÑваме колкоÑо Ñе може по-малко
конÑÑол над поÑÑебиÑелиÑе. ÐвÑоÑÑкоÑо
пÑаво дава на издаÑелиÑе влаÑÑÑа да
забÑанÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° поÑÑебиÑелиÑе да
@@ -98,19 +73,15 @@
Ñвой Ñед под GPL. ÐÑ Ð³Ð»ÐµÐ´Ð½Ð° ÑоÑка на
авÑоÑÑкоÑо пÑаво, Ñова е доÑÑа Ñлабо
огÑаниÑение. Ðного по-Ñилно огÑаниÑиÑелни
лиÑензи ÑÑÑинно Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð² пÑавна
Ñила: пÑакÑиÑеÑки вÑÑко ÑÑдебно дело,
ÑвÑÑзано Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑки пÑава, каÑае
-лиÑенз, койÑо е много по-ÑеÑÑÑикÑивен Ð¾Ñ GPL.
-</p>
+лиÑенз, койÑо е много по-ÑеÑÑÑикÑивен оÑ
GPL.</p>
-<p>
-ТÑй каÑо нÑма ниÑо Ñложно или ÑпоÑно по
оÑноÑение на ÑамоÑÑоÑÑелниÑе
+<p>ТÑй каÑо нÑма ниÑо Ñложно или ÑпоÑно по
оÑноÑение на ÑамоÑÑоÑÑелниÑе
маÑеÑиалнопÑавни ÑазпоÑедби на лиÑенза,
аз никога не ÑÑм виждал ÑеÑиозен
аÑгÑменÑ, Ñе GPL надвиÑава пÑлномоÑиÑÑа на
лиÑензодаÑелÑ. ÐонÑкога обаÑе Ñе
казва, Ñе GPL не може да бÑде пÑиведен в
пÑавно дейÑÑвие, понеже
-поÑÑебиÑелиÑе не Ñа Ñе âÑÑглаÑилиâ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾.
-</p>
+поÑÑебиÑелиÑе не Ñа Ñе âÑÑглаÑилиâ Ñ
него.</p>
-<p>
-Това ÑвÑÑдение Ñе оÑновава на нÑкакво
погÑеÑно ÑазбиÑане. ÐиÑензÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+<p>Това ÑвÑÑдение Ñе оÑновава на нÑкакво
погÑеÑно ÑазбиÑане. ÐиÑензÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
изиÑква Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебиÑелиÑе да Ñе ÑÑглаÑÑваÑ
Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾, за да Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾ да
пÑидобиÑÑ, инÑÑалиÑаÑ, използваÑ, изÑÑаваÑ
и доÑи екÑпеÑименÑално да
пÑоменÑÑ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ GPL. ÐÑиÑки Ñези
дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ñа или забÑанени, или
@@ -129,29 +100,23 @@
подÑазбиÑане е ÑÑглаÑен Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñе
ÑÑловиÑ. РкÑайна ÑмеÑка, лиÑензÑÑ
изиÑква вÑÑко копие на ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, пÑбликÑван
под GPL, да Ñе пÑидÑÑжава оÑ
копие на ÑекÑÑа на лиÑенза, Ñака ÑоÑо вÑеки
поÑÑебиÑел да бÑде напÑлно
-инÑоÑмиÑан за ÑÑловиÑÑа.
-</p>
+инÑоÑмиÑан за ÑÑловиÑÑа.</p>
-<p>
-ÐÑпÑеки опиÑиÑе за вÑÑване на ÑÑÑаÑ
,
неÑигÑÑноÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑмнение, GPL в
+<p>ÐÑпÑеки опиÑиÑе за вÑÑване на ÑÑÑаÑ
,
неÑигÑÑноÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑмнение, GPL в
каÑеÑÑвоÑо Ñи на авÑоÑÑко-пÑавен
инÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñи е ÑÑвÑем Ñедовен лиÑенз. Ðо
Ñази пÑиÑина аз ÑÑм ÑÑпÑвал да го пÑиведа в
дейÑÑвие деÑеÑки пÑÑи пÑез
-поÑледниÑе поÑÑи деÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸, без доÑи
веднÑж да ÑÑм Ñ
одил в ÑÑда.
-</p>
+поÑледниÑе поÑÑи деÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸, без доÑи
веднÑж да ÑÑм Ñ
одил в ÑÑда.</p>
-<p>
-ÐеждÑвÑеменно, пÑез поÑледниÑе меÑеÑи
доÑÑа Ñе мÑлви, Ñе оÑакваниÑÑ ÐµÑекÑ
+<p>ÐеждÑвÑеменно, пÑез поÑледниÑе меÑеÑи
доÑÑа Ñе мÑлви, Ñе оÑакваниÑÑ ÐµÑекÑ
вÑе да не Ñе ÑÑига до ÑÑидиÑеÑко ÑеÑение в
СÐЩ или дÑÑги ÑÑдилиÑа по нÑкакÑв
наÑин Ñж демонÑÑÑиÑал, Ñе има неÑо
ÑбÑÑкано в GPL, или Ñе необиÑайнаÑа мÑ
миÑÐ¸Ñ Ðµ ÑеализиÑана по ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑки
незаÑиÑим наÑин, или Ñе ФондаÑиÑÑа за
Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, коÑÑо ÑÑои зад лиÑенза,
Ñе ÑÑÑаÑ
Ñва да го подложи на
пÑовеÑкаÑа на ÑÑда. ÐÑÑинаÑа е ÑоÑно
обÑаÑнаÑа. Ðе Ñме Ñе озовали в ÑÑда
да оÑÑÑоÑваме GPL, Ñамо заÑоÑо никой доÑега
не е пожелал да ÑиÑкÑва да го
-оÑпоÑи Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñам.
-</p>
+оÑпоÑи Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñам.</p>
-<p>
-Ðакво вÑе пак Ñе ÑлÑÑва когаÑо бÑде
наÑÑÑен лиÑензÑÑ GPL? ÐÑи ÑоÑÑÑеÑа,
+<p>Ðакво вÑе пак Ñе ÑлÑÑва когаÑо бÑде
наÑÑÑен лиÑензÑÑ GPL? ÐÑи ÑоÑÑÑеÑа,
ÑииÑо авÑоÑÑки пÑава дÑÑжи ФондаÑиÑÑа за
Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (било понеже ние
Ñме оÑигиналниÑе авÑоÑи на пÑогÑамиÑе, или
заÑоÑо авÑоÑиÑе на Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ñа ни пÑедоÑÑавили пÑаваÑа Ñи, за
да Ñе вÑÐ·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñа ни в
@@ -161,11 +126,9 @@
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
<a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html">Ðолим Ñ
оÑаÑа, коиÑо
Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°
наÑÑÑение, да ни Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° ÑÑÑановим
нÑжниÑе ÑакÑи</a>, Ñлед коеÑо
-пÑедпÑиемаме каквиÑо допÑлниÑелни
пÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñа необÑ
одими.
-</p>
+пÑедпÑиемаме каквиÑо допÑлниÑелни
пÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñа необÑ
одими.</p>
-<p>
-Ð Ñакова положение Ñе намиÑаме деÑеÑки
пÑÑи вÑÑка година. ÐоÑи
+<p>Ð Ñакова положение Ñе намиÑаме деÑеÑки
пÑÑи вÑÑка година. ÐоÑи
ÑÑÑановÑванеÑо на ÑÑвÑем пÑÑвонаÑален
конÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¸ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð¾ е напÑлно
доÑÑаÑÑÑно за ÑеÑаване на пÑоблема. ÐÑ
дÑÑгаÑа ÑÑÑана Ñи миÑлÑÑ, Ñе Ñа Ñе
ÑÑобÑазили Ñ GPL, и когаÑо ÑазбеÑÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð°
гÑеÑкаÑа Ñи Ñ ÑадоÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑавÑÑ,
@@ -177,21 +140,17 @@
мениджÑÑи, коиÑо Ñе оÑÑиÑÐ°Ñ Ñедовно пÑед
Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸ напÑаво пÑед ÑвоиÑе бизнеÑ
ÑÑководÑÑва. ÐÑи оÑобено заплеÑениÑе
казÑÑи, понÑкога Ñме наÑÑоÑвали за
меÑки, коиÑо биÑ
а ÑлеÑнили и ÑÑкоÑили
по-наÑаÑÑÑноÑо пÑавно пÑиложение на
-лиÑенза, в ÑлÑÑай на бÑдеÑо наÑÑÑение.
-</p>
+лиÑенза, в ÑлÑÑай на бÑдеÑо наÑÑÑение.</p>
-<p>
-Ðа пÑиблизиÑелно деÑеÑÑе години оÑкак Ñе
занимавам Ñ Ð¿Ñилагане на GPL,
+<p>Ðа пÑиблизиÑелно деÑеÑÑе години оÑкак Ñе
занимавам Ñ Ð¿Ñилагане на GPL,
никога не ÑÑм изиÑквал изплаÑане на
обезÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ФондаÑиÑÑа заÑади
наÑÑÑаванеÑо на лиÑензиÑе й, и ÑÑдко ÑÑм
наÑÑоÑвал за пÑблиÑно пÑизнание за
пÑоÑÑÑпкаÑа. ÐозиÑиÑÑа ни винаги е
глаÑÑла, Ñе най-важниÑе ни Ñели Ñа
ÑпазванеÑо на лиÑенза и обезпеÑаванеÑо на
добÑонамеÑено поведение за
бÑдеÑе. ÐапÑавили Ñме вÑиÑко необÑ
одимо
наÑÑÑиÑелиÑе леÑно да изпÑлнÑваÑ
-изиÑкваниÑÑа ни и им пÑоÑаваме миналиÑе
наÑÑÑениÑ.
-</p>
+изиÑкваниÑÑа ни и им пÑоÑаваме миналиÑе
наÑÑÑениÑ.</p>
-<p>
-Ð ÑанниÑе години на ÐвижениеÑо за Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ñова веÑоÑÑно е била
+<p>Ð ÑанниÑе години на ÐвижениеÑо за
Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ñова веÑоÑÑно е била
единÑÑвенаÑа вÑзможна ÑÑÑаÑегиÑ. СкÑпиÑе
и ÑÑомави ÑÑдебни пÑоÑеÑи ÑигÑÑно
ÑÑÑ
а да ÑниÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð¤Ð¡Ð¡ или най-малкоÑо биÑ
а Ñ
вÑзпÑепÑÑÑÑвали да пÑедпÑиеме
необÑ
одимиÑе дейÑÑвиÑ, за да напÑави
движениеÑо за Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð¸
@@ -204,11 +163,9 @@
клиенÑ, Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑнÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ доÑи ÑлÑжиÑел.
ÐзпÑавени пÑед избоÑа междÑ
пÑиемане на лиÑенза без много ÑÑм и
негаÑивна ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÑÑ ÑÑдебна биÑка,
коÑÑо нÑмаÑе да Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° ÑпеÑелÑÑ,
наÑÑÑиÑелиÑе пÑедпоÑиÑаÑ
а да не обÑÑÑаме
-ÑÑеÑÑ ÑÑÑ
Ð´ÐµÐ±ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑай.
-</p>
+ÑÑеÑÑ ÑÑÑ
Ð´ÐµÐ±ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ñ ÐºÑай.</p>
-<p>
-СлÑÑвало Ñе е доÑи, веднÑж или два пÑÑи, да
Ñе занимаваме Ñ ÑиÑми, коиÑо под
+<p>СлÑÑвало Ñе е доÑи, веднÑж или два пÑÑи,
да Ñе занимаваме Ñ ÑиÑми, коиÑо под
знамеÑо на ÑаÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½ за авÑоÑÑкоÑо
пÑаво Ñе занимаваÑ
а Ñ ÑмиÑлено
кÑиминално наÑÑÑение на авÑоÑÑки пÑава:
взимайки кода на лиÑензиÑан под GPL
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, ÑекомпилиÑайки го в Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°
пÑикÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑоизÑ
ода Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ пÑодавайки го
@@ -222,21 +179,17 @@
гÑÑа в ÑÑдебни непÑиÑÑноÑÑи, когаÑо можеÑе
да вземеÑе иÑÑинÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ
безплаÑно?â Ðе е имало ÑлÑÑай
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе да не ÑÑ
Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñезона в Ñози
вÑпÑоÑ. ÐаиÑÑина, пÑи кÑажбаÑа на Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑеÑÑÑплениеÑо не Ñе
-оÑплаÑа подобаваÑо.
-</p>
+оÑплаÑа подобаваÑо.</p>
-<p>
-Ðо може и да Ñме попÑекалили Ñ ÑÑпеÑ
а. Ðко
оÑе пÑеди години бÑÑ
използвал
+<p>Ðо може и да Ñме попÑекалили Ñ ÑÑпеÑ
а.
Ðко оÑе пÑеди години бÑÑ
използвал
ÑÑда, за да налагам ÑпазванеÑо на GPL, може
би Ñ
оÑаÑа Ñега ÑÑÑ
а да Ñа глÑÑ
и
за ÑплеÑниÑе на ÐайкÑоÑоÑÑ. Само пÑез Ñози
меÑÐµÑ Ð°Ð· ÑабоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ два
ÑÑавниÑелно ÑÑÑдни казÑÑа. âÐижÑе Ñега,â
казвам аз, âмного Ñ
оÑа по ÑелиÑ
ÑвÑÑ Ð¼Ðµ пÑиÑиÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð° пÑиведа в Ñила GPL по
ÑÑдебен пÑÑ, пÑоÑÑо за да докажа,
Ñе Ñова е вÑзможно. ÐаиÑÑина, ÑÑÑбва да
накажа нÑкого за назидание.
-УÑаÑÑва ли ви Ñе каÑо добÑоволеÑ?â
-</p>
+УÑаÑÑва ли ви Ñе каÑо добÑоволеÑ?â</p>
-<p>
-ÐÑкой ден Ñ Ð½Ñкого и Ñова Ñе Ñе ÑлÑÑи. Ðо
Ñози нÑкой Ñе загÑби клиенÑиÑе
+<p>ÐÑкой ден Ñ Ð½Ñкого и Ñова Ñе Ñе ÑлÑÑи. Ðо
Ñози нÑкой Ñе загÑби клиенÑиÑе
Ñи, ÑпоÑобниÑе Ð¼Ñ ÑпеÑиалиÑÑи Ñе го
напÑÑнаÑ, понеже нÑма да иÑкаÑ
ÑепÑÑаÑиÑÑа им да поÑÑÑада заÑади него, а
лоÑаÑа пÑблиÑноÑÑ Ñе го задÑÑи. Ð
вÑиÑко Ñова â оÑе пÑеди да ÑÑигнем до ÑÑда.
ÐÑÑвиÑÑ, койÑо поÑмее, ÑÑÑ
@@ -244,116 +197,72 @@
ÑÑÑо Ñолкова необикновен, колкоÑо и
наÑинÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ за пиÑане на ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, и ÑоÑно
ÑÑк е ÑазковниÑеÑо. СвободниÑÑ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ðµ
Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñение, ÑÑкмо заÑоÑо
ÑазлиÑниÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñин, по койÑо Ñой Ñе пÑави, в
кÑайна ÑмеÑка е единÑÑвениÑÑ
-пÑавилен.
-</p>
+пÑавилен.</p>
-<p>
-<cite>Ðбен Ðоглен е пÑоÑеÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пÑаво и
иÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑавоÑо в УÑилиÑеÑо по
+<p><cite>Ðбен Ðоглен е пÑоÑеÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пÑаво и
иÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑавоÑо в УÑилиÑеÑо по
пÑаво на ÐолÑмбийÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑ. Той
ÑабоÑи без вÑзнагÑаждение каÑо
-главен Ð°Ð´Ð²Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð° ФондаÑиÑÑа за Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.</cite>
-</p>
-
-
-<div style="font-size: small;">
+главен Ð°Ð´Ð²Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð° ФондаÑиÑÑа за Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.</cite></p>
+<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.bg.html" -->
<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
-<p>
-ÐолÑ, оÑпÑавÑйÑе вÑпÑоÑи оÑноÑно ФСС и GNU
по е-поÑа: <a
+<p>ÐолÑ, оÑпÑавÑйÑе вÑпÑоÑи оÑноÑно ФСС и GNU
по е-поÑа: <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Ðма и дÑÑги
наÑини за <a
-href="/contact/">вÑÑзка</a> Ñ Ð¤Ð¡Ð¡. <br /> ÐолÑ,
изпÑаÑайÑе доклади за
-ÑÑÑпени Ñ
ипеÑвÑÑзки и дÑÑги коÑекÑии или
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° е-поÑа: <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+href="/contact/">вÑÑзка</a> Ñ Ð¤Ð¡Ð¡. ÐолÑ, изпÑаÑайÑе
доклади за ÑÑÑпени
+Ñ
ипеÑвÑÑзки и дÑÑги коÑекÑии (или
пÑедложениÑ) на е-поÑа: <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐолÑ, докладвайÑе гÑеÑки и пÑедложениÑ
оÑноÑно бÑлгаÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ñевод ÑÑез <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p><p>ÐижÑе
+<a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÐокÑменÑаÑиÑÑа
за
+пÑеводаÑи</a> за инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
кооÑдиниÑанеÑо и подаванеÑо на пÑеводи на
+Ñази ÑÑаÑиÑ.</p>
+</div>
-<p>
-ÐижÑе <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÐокÑменÑаÑиÑÑа
за
-пÑеводаÑи</a> за инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑно
кооÑдиниÑанеÑо и подаванеÑо на пÑеводи
-на Ñази ÑÑаÑиÑ.
-</p>
+<p>ÐвÑоÑÑки пÑава © 2001 Ðбен Ðоглен</p>
-<p>
-ÐвÑоÑÑки пÑава © 2001 Ðбен Ðоглен
-</p>
-<p>
-ÐоÑловноÑо копиÑане и ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанение на
ÑÑлаÑа ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñа позволени за вÑеки
+<p>ÐоÑловноÑо копиÑане и ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанение
на ÑÑлаÑа ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñа позволени за вÑеки
Ñип ноÑиÑел без нÑжда Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑанеÑо на
ÑакÑи, ÑÑига Ñази бележка да бÑде
запазена.</p>
-
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.bg.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
<b>ÐÑевод</b>: ÐаÑÑ ÐÑанаÑова <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>,
2009 г.</div>
-<p>ÐолÑ, докладвайÑе гÑеÑки и пÑедложениÑ
оÑноÑно бÑлгаÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ñевод
-ÑÑез
-<a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=www-bg">ÑиÑÑемаÑа за
-пÑоÑледÑване на гÑеÑки</a>
-на <a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-bg/">пÑоекÑа за
-пÑевод на www.gnu.org</a>. ÐлагодаÑим Ðи!</p>
- <p>
-<!-- timestamp start -->
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2012/09/16 05:28:18 $
+$Date: 2014/06/06 12:57:45 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>ÐÑÑги пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑÑаниÑа</h4>
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
-<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<ul class="translations-list">
-<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
-<!-- German -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-<!-- English -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-<!-- Hungarian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.hu.html">magyar</a> [hu]</li>
-<!-- Indonesian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
-<!-- Italian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
-<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-<!-- Dutch -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-<!-- Polish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
-<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/enforcing-gpl.bg.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.bg.po,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- po/enforcing-gpl.bg.po 6 Jun 2014 12:33:26 -0000 1.11
+++ po/enforcing-gpl.bg.po 6 Jun 2014 12:57:46 -0000 1.12
@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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-"Outdated-Since: 2011-09-20 12:29-0300\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
-#| msgid "Enforcing the GNU GPL - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgid "Enforcing the GNU GPL - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
"ÐÑивеждане в Ñила на ÐбÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑблиÑен
лиÑенз на GNU - ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU - ФондаÑÐ¸Ñ "
@@ -462,12 +460,6 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other "
-#| "ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
-#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
@@ -499,7 +491,11 @@
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
-"ÐолÑ, докладвайÑе гÑеÑки и пÑедложениÑ
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+"ÐолÑ, докладвайÑе гÑеÑки и пÑедложениÑ
оÑноÑно бÑлгаÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ñевод ÑÑез <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+"</p><p>ÐижÑе <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">ÐокÑменÑаÑиÑÑа за пÑеводаÑи</a> за
инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð° кооÑдиниÑанеÑо и "
+"подаванеÑо на пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑаÑиÑ."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: po/enforcing-gpl.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- po/enforcing-gpl.translist 6 Dec 2013 01:31:23 -0000 1.11
+++ po/enforcing-gpl.translist 6 Jun 2014 12:57:46 -0000 1.12
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@
<!--#set var="TRANSLATION_LIST"
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
-<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="es" hreflang="es"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.es.html">español</a> [es]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hu" hreflang="hu"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.hu.html">magyar</a> [hu]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="id" hreflang="id"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="it" hreflang="it"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ko" hreflang="ko"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="nl" hreflang="nl"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a> [pt-br]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
+<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="es" hreflang="es"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.es.html">español</a> [es]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hu" hreflang="hu"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.hu.html">magyar</a> [hu]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="id" hreflang="id"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="it" hreflang="it"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ko" hreflang="ko"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="nl" hreflang="nl"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a> [pt-br]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: po/enforcing-gpl.bg-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/enforcing-gpl.bg-en.html
diff -N po/enforcing-gpl.bg-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/enforcing-gpl.bg-en.html 6 Jun 2014 12:57:46 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Enforcing the GNU GPL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Enforcing the GNU GPL</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://moglen.law.columbia.edu/"><strong>Eben
Moglen</strong></a></p>
+<p><em>10 September 2001</em></p>
+
+<p>Microsoft's anti-GPL offensive this summer has sparked renewed
+speculation about whether the GPL is “enforceable.” This
+particular example of “FUD” (fear, uncertainty and doubt)
+is always a little amusing to me. I'm the only lawyer on earth who
+can say this, I suppose, but it makes me wonder what everyone's
+wondering about: Enforcing the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GPL</a> is
+something that I do all the time.</p>
+
+<p>Because <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> is an
+unorthodox concept in contemporary society, people tend to assume that
+such an atypical goal must be pursued using unusually ingenious, and
+therefore fragile, legal machinery. But the assumption is faulty. The
+goal of the Free Software Foundation in designing and publishing the GPL,
+<em>is</em> unfortunately unusual: we're reshaping how programs are made in
+order to give everyone the right to understand, repair, improve, and
+redistribute the best-quality software on earth. This is a transformative
+enterprise; it shows how in the new, networked society traditional ways of
+doing business can be displaced by completely different models of
+production and distribution. But the GPL, the legal device that makes
+everything else possible, is a very robust machine precisely because it is
+made of the simplest working parts.</p>
+
+<p>The essence of copyright law, like other systems of property rules, is the
+power to exclude. The copyright holder is legally empowered to exclude
+all others from copying, distributing, and making derivative works.</p>
+
+<p>This right to exclude implies an equally large power to
+license—that is, to grant permission to do what would otherwise
+be forbidden. Licenses are not contracts: the work's user is obliged
+to remain within the bounds of the license not because she voluntarily
+promised, but because she doesn't have any right to act at all except
+as the license permits.</p>
+
+<p>But most proprietary software companies want more power than copyright
+alone gives them. These companies say their software is
+“licensed” to consumers, but the license contains
+obligations that copyright law knows nothing about. Software you're
+not allowed to understand, for example, often requires you to agree
+not to decompile it. Copyright law doesn't prohibit decompilation,
+the prohibition is just a contract term you agree to as a condition of
+getting the software when you buy the product under shrink wrap in a
+store, or accept a “clickwrap license” on line. Copyright
+is just leverage for taking even more away from users.</p>
+
+<p>The GPL, on the other hand, subtracts from copyright rather than adding to
+it. The license doesn't have to be complicated, because we try to control
+users as little as possible. Copyright grants publishers power to forbid
+users to exercise rights to copy, modify, and distribute that we believe
+all users should have; the GPL thus relaxes almost all the restrictions of
+the copyright system. The only thing we absolutely require is that anyone
+distributing GPL'd works or works made from GPL'd works distribute in turn
+under GPL. That condition is a very minor restriction, from the copyright
+point of view. Much more restrictive licenses are routinely held
+enforceable: every license involved in every single copyright lawsuit is
+more restrictive than the GPL.</p>
+
+<p>Because there's nothing complex or controversial about the license's
+substantive provisions, I have never even seen a serious argument that the
+GPL exceeds a licensor's powers. But it is sometimes said that the GPL
+can't be enforced because users haven't “accepted” it.</p>
+
+<p>This claim is based on a misunderstanding. The license does not require
+anyone to accept it in order to acquire, install, use, inspect, or even
+experimentally modify GPL'd software. All of those activities are either
+forbidden or controlled by proprietary software firms, so they require you
+to accept a license, including contractual provisions outside the reach of
+copyright, before you can use their works. The free software movement
+thinks all those activities are rights, which all users ought to have; we
+don't even <em>want</em> to cover those activities by license. Almost
+everyone who uses GPL'd software from day to day needs no license, and
+accepts none. The GPL only obliges you if you distribute software made
+from GPL'd code, and only needs to be accepted when redistribution occurs.
+And because no one can ever redistribute without a license, we can safely
+presume that anyone redistributing GPL'd software intended to accept the
+GPL. After all, the GPL requires each copy of covered software to include
+the license text, so everyone is fully informed.</p>
+
+<p>Despite the FUD, as a copyright license the GPL is absolutely solid.
+That's why I've been able to enforce it dozens of times over nearly ten
+years, without ever going to court.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, much murmuring has been going on in recent months to the
+supposed effect that the absence of judicial enforcement, in US or other
+courts, somehow demonstrates that there is something wrong with the GPL,
+that its unusual policy goal is implemented in a technically indefensible
+way, or that the Free Software Foundation, which authors the license, is
+afraid of testing it in court. Precisely the reverse is true. We do not
+find ourselves taking the GPL to court because no one has yet been willing
+to risk contesting it with us there.</p>
+
+<p>So what happens when the GPL is violated? With software for which the
+Free Software Foundation holds the copyright (either because we wrote
+the programs in the first place, or because free software authors have
+assigned us the copyright, in order to take advantage of our expertise
+in protecting their software's
+freedom), <a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html">the first step is a
+report</a>, usually received by email
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+<a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html">We ask the reporters of
+violations to help us establish necessary facts</a>, and then we
+conduct whatever further investigation is required.</p>
+
+<p>We reach this stage dozens of times a year. A quiet initial contact is
+usually sufficient to resolve the problem. Parties thought they were
+complying with GPL, and are pleased to follow advice on the correction of
+an error. Sometimes, however, we believe that confidence-building
+measures will be required, because the scale of the violation or its
+persistence in time makes mere voluntary compliance insufficient. In such
+situations we work with organizations to establish GPL-compliance programs
+within their enterprises, led by senior managers who report to us, and
+directly to their enterprises' managing boards, regularly. In
+particularly complex cases, we have sometimes insisted upon measures that
+would make subsequent judicial enforcement simple and rapid in the event
+of future violation.</p>
+
+<p>In approximately a decade of enforcing the GPL, I have never insisted on
+payment of damages to the Foundation for violation of the license, and I
+have rarely required public admission of wrongdoing. Our position has
+always been that compliance with the license, and security for future good
+behavior, are the most important goals. We have done everything to make
+it easy for violators to comply, and we have offered oblivion with respect
+to past faults.</p>
+
+<p>In the early years of the free software movement, this was probably the
+only strategy available. Expensive and burdensome litigation might have
+destroyed the FSF, or at least prevented it from doing what we knew was
+necessary to make the free software movement the permanent force in
+reshaping the software industry that it has now become. Over time,
+however, we persisted in our approach to license enforcement not because
+we had to, but because it worked. An entire industry grew up around free
+software, all of whose participants understood the overwhelming importance
+of the GPL—no one wanted to be seen as the villain who stole free
+software, and no one wanted to be the customer, business partner, or even
+employee of such a bad actor. Faced with a choice between compliance
+without publicity or a campaign of bad publicity and a litigation battle
+they could not win, violators chose not to play it the hard way.</p>
+
+<p>We have even, once or twice, faced enterprises which, under US
+copyright law, were engaged in deliberate, criminal copyright
+infringement: taking the source code of GPL'd software, recompiling it
+with an attempt to conceal its origin, and offering it for sale as a
+proprietary product. I have assisted free software developers other
+than the FSF to deal with such problems, which we have
+resolved—since the criminal infringer would not voluntarily
+desist and, in the cases I have in mind, legal technicalities
+prevented actual criminal prosecution of the violators—by
+talking to redistributors and potential customers. “Why would
+you want to pay serious money,” we have asked, “for
+software that infringes our license and will bog you down in complex
+legal problems, when you can have the real thing for free?”
+Customers have never failed to see the pertinence of the question.
+The stealing of free software is one place where, indeed, crime
+doesn't pay.</p>
+
+<p>But perhaps we have succeeded too well. If I had used the courts to
+enforce the GPL years ago, Microsoft's whispering would now be falling
+on deaf ears. Just this month I have been working on a couple of
+moderately sticky situations. “Look,” I say, “at
+how many people all over the world are pressuring me to enforce the
+GPL in court, just to prove I can. I really need to make an example
+of someone. Would you like to volunteer?”</p>
+
+<p>Someday someone will. But that someone's customers are going to go
+elsewhere, talented technologists who don't want their own reputations
+associated with such an enterprise will quit, and bad publicity will
+smother them. And that's all before we even walk into court. The first
+person who tries it will certainly wish he hadn't. Our way of doing law
+has been as unusual as our way of doing software, but that's just the
+point. Free software matters because it turns out that the different way
+is the right way after all.</p>
+
+<p><cite>
+Eben Moglen is professor of law and legal history at Columbia University
+Law School. He serves without fee as General Counsel of the Free Software
+Foundation.
+</cite></p>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2001 Eben Moglen</p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in
+any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2014/06/06 12:57:46 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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