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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy po/kragen-software.translist kra... |
Date: |
Tue, 24 Dec 2013 07:47:27 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/12/24 07:47:26
Modified files:
philosophy/po : kragen-software.translist
Added files:
philosophy : kragen-software.ru.html
philosophy/po : kragen-software.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/kragen-software.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/kragen-software.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/kragen-software.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: po/kragen-software.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/kragen-software.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/kragen-software.translist 31 Aug 2013 17:16:48 -0000 1.8
+++ po/kragen-software.translist 24 Dec 2013 07:47:25 -0000 1.9
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/kragen-software.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/kragen-software.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/kragen-software.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/kragen-software.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/philosophy/kragen-software.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</span>
</p>
Index: kragen-software.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: kragen-software.ru.html
diff -N kragen-software.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ kragen-software.ru.html 24 Dec 2013 07:47:22 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/kragen-software.en.html" -->
+
+<title>ÐÑди, меÑÑа, веÑи и мÑÑли - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/kragen-software.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>ÐÑди, меÑÑа, веÑи и мÑÑли</h2>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑейген СиÑÐµÐ¹ÐºÐµÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC1">ÐÑогÑаммÑ</h3>
+<p>
+ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — ÑÑо мÑÑли. ÐнÑоÑмаÑиÑ.
ÐÑо не Ñо, ÑÑо лÑди, меÑÑа и
+веÑи; иÑ
можно беÑконеÑно воÑпÑоизводиÑÑ,
как огонÑ, поÑÑи беÑплаÑно. ÐÑо
+баналÑно, ÑÑо даже ÑÑало ÑÑампом. Ðо еÑÑÑ,
поÑ
оже, конкÑеÑнÑе ÑледÑÑвиÑ,
+коÑоÑÑе изÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно Ñ
оÑоÑо.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðдно Ñакое ÑледÑÑвие — ÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ
не пÑодаÑÑÑÑ Ñак же Ñ
оÑоÑо,
+как ÑабÑ, меÑÑа и веÑи; лÑбой из
покÑпаÑелей Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑделаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑÑÑеÑное ÑиÑло
+копий за ÑÑ Ð¶Ðµ ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ деÑевле. Ð
наÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑнка делаеÑ
+пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм ÑеалиÑÑиÑной ÑÑ
емой
пÑедпÑиÑÑиÑ. Ðозможно, ÑÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸
+Ñеклама: неизвеÑÑно, покÑпаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ лÑди
компакÑ-диÑки Red Hat
+по 50 доллаÑов поÑомÑ, ÑÑо им нÑавиÑÑÑ
маÑка Red Hat, или
+пÑоÑÑо поÑомÑ, ÑÑо они не знаÑÑ, ÑÑо могÑÑ
кÑпиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÑи ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¶Ðµ
+компакÑ-диÑк в деÑевом магазине
за 2 доллаÑа.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC2">ÐÑоÑлое и наÑÑоÑÑее</h3>
+<p>
+ТÑадиÑионнÑй ÑпоÑоб обÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñо вÑем
ÑÑим — запиÑаÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑли
+внÑÑÑи лÑдей, меÑÑ Ð¸ веÑей. ЮÑиÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑднÑÑ ÑÑÐ¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо за
+Ñо, ÑÑо вÑдаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ
одÑÑие мÑÑли, не
вÑполнÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ по-наÑÑоÑÑемÑ
+ÑвоÑÑеÑкой ÑабоÑÑ, или за Ñо, ÑÑо пÑоÑÑо
пÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¼ÐµÑ
аниÑеÑкие
+пÑоÑедÑÑÑ — по ÑообÑениÑм, в ÑÑÑ
каÑегоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑво
+завеÑаний. Я вÑнÑжден идÑи в мÑзей
ÐжоÑджии Ð'ÐиÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑе
+каÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÐжоÑджии, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они не
ÑазÑеÑаÑÑ ÑоÑогÑаÑиÑоваÑÑ. Ð Ñогда они
+могÑÑ Ð²Ð·ÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð° вÑ
од. (ÐÑлиÑнÑй
мÑзей, Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим. ÐÑли вÑ
+ÑÑда пойдеÑе, не беÑиÑе Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑеÑÑÑе днÑ; ÑкÑпозиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñно мала.)
+ÐÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑодаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ñоже ÑÑоимоÑÑи
пеÑаÑи, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо мÑÑли ÑÑÑдно
+оÑделиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑизиÑеÑкого пÑоÑвлениÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑилÑно облегÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñделение
мÑÑлей Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ñдей, меÑÑ Ð¸ веÑей. ÐÑли Ñ
+кÑпил компÑÑÑеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑлаÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾
ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑ, и Ñ
оÑÑ ÑÑÑоиÑÑ
+ÑÑакÑалÑ, мне не нÑжно покÑпаÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
ÑÑакÑалÑнÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑинÑ. Ðне нÑжно ÑолÑко
+доÑÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÑÑ-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑÑакÑалов. ÐÑли Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑиÑаÑÑ
+пÑеделÑнÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·ÐºÑ Ð½Ð° ÑваÑ, мне не надо
нанимаÑÑ ÑпеÑиалиÑÑа по ÑопÑомаÑÑ;
+Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑавиÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÑÑ-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
анализа конеÑнÑÑ
ÑлеменÑов и
+моделиÑоваÑÑ ÑоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑзки до ÑеÑ
поÑ,
пока опоÑа не ÑазÑÑÑиÑÑÑ. Ðне не надо
+идÑи в мÑзей, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑакÑалÑ
моего ÑоÑеда; Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо
+вÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
на Ñвой ÑкÑан. (ÐоÑле Ñого, как
Ñ Ð¸Ñ
полÑÑил, конеÑно.)
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑо гÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑемена.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC3">ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° запоÑе: ÑÑо далÑÑе?</h3>
+<p>
+Ð Ñак обÑÑоÑло дело в вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑеÑ
нике, в обÑем и Ñелом, до недавнего
+вÑемени. Ðо ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÐнÑеÑÐ½ÐµÑ Ð¸
лÑди много говоÑÑÑ Ð¾
+ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑÑ
вÑÑÑоеннÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
. Ðнезапно лÑди полÑÑили
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑиложениÑ
наподобие ÑеÑ
, ÑÑо они пÑивÑкли поÑÑавлÑÑÑ
+как компÑÑÑеÑнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, но они могÑÑ
запеÑеÑÑ ÑÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ —
+ÑÑи мÑÑли — внÑÑÑи меÑÑ Ð¸ веÑей.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐапÑимеÑ, Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°ÐºÑ-диÑк Ñо
ÑбоÑником ÑелеÑоннÑÑ
ÑпÑавоÑников
+СШÐ. ÐÑи доÑÑаÑоÑном опÑÑе и вÑемени Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ
извлеÑÑ ÑпиÑки номеÑов и
+ÑазмеÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
на ÑайÑе. (СнаÑала мне нÑжно
вÑÑиÑлиÑÑ ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
,
+в коÑоÑой они Ñ
ÑанÑÑÑÑ.) Я Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿ÑоводиÑÑ
ÑÑаÑиÑÑиÑеÑкий анализ, ÑÑобÑ
+понÑÑÑ, не ÑкапливаÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ лÑди Ñ
опÑеделеннÑми ÑамилиÑми в опÑеделеннÑÑ
+ÑаÑÑÑÑ
гоÑода. (ÐÑо показало бÑ, ÑÑо они,
возможно, живÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð»ÐµÐºÑ Ð¾Ñ
+ÑвоиÑ
Ñемей, или ÑÑо гоÑод Ñазделен по
ÑÑниÑеÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑизнакÑ.) Я могÑ
+вÑÑÑниÑÑ, какое напиÑание имени ТимÑÑ
(ТемÑÑ, ТимеÑ) наиболее попÑлÑÑно, и
+поÑмоÑÑеÑÑ, как ÑвÑзан вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑианÑа
имени Ñ Ñамилией Ñеловека.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑоме Ñого, еÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко ÑайÑов Ñ Ñем же
набоÑом ÑпиÑков номеÑов или Ñ
+обновленнÑми веÑÑиÑми. С ÑÑими ÑайÑами Ñ
ниÑего из ÑÑого делаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ могÑ,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑпиÑки номеÑов —
Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ — запеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+ÑайÑе — в меÑÑе или в веÑи, в
завиÑимоÑÑи Ð¾Ñ Ñого, как на ÑÑо
+поÑмоÑÑеÑÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑÑгой ÑпоÑоб — запиÑаÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑоÑмаÑиÑ
в веÑаÑ
. Skipjack, алгоÑиÑм
+NSA, неÑколÑко Ð»ÐµÑ Ð±Ñл гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенной
Ñайной; ÑеализаÑии бÑли вполне
+доÑÑÑпнÑ, но ÑолÑко в оÑобÑÑ
заÑиÑеннÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑваÑ
. ÐÑо позволÑло им ÑиÑоко
+внедÑÑÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ за железнÑм занавеÑом,
коÑоÑÑй окÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÑекÑеÑнÑе иÑÑледованиÑ,
+и они ÑобиÑалиÑÑ ÑиÑоко внедÑÑÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ и во
внеÑнем миÑе (Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ° ÑÑо наÑ
ожÑÑÑ
+вне занавеÑа). Ðедавно обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑва
вÑнÑдили иÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммнÑе
+ÑеализаÑии алгоÑиÑма, Ñак ÑÑо они его
ÑаÑÑекÑеÑили (подÑобноÑÑи Ñм. на <a
+href="http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9807.html#skip">http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9807.html#skip</a>).
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC4">ЧÑо мне в ÑÑом не нÑавиÑÑÑ</h3>
+<p>
+ÐÑли Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñамого еÑÑÑ ÑелеÑоннÑй
ÑпÑавоÑник, ÑÑо Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ болÑÑе
+ÑвободÑ. С дÑÑгой ÑÑоÑонÑ, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого мне
нÑжно Ñакже ÑÑÑановиÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвоÑ
+маÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑой
пÑогÑамме некоÑоÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
+моей маÑиной. Ð ÑÑом конкÑеÑном ÑлÑÑае
пÑогÑамма ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑпÑавлением
+Windows, Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ конÑÑолÑ
над моей маÑиной. Так ÑÑо на
+Ñамом деле мне гоÑаздо Ñдобнее пÑоÑÑо
зайÑи на ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¸ заполниÑÑ ÑоÑмÑ, ÑÑобÑ
+найÑи Ñей-Ñо номеÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐнÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² веÑаÑ
Ñакже замеÑно Ñдобнее,
Ñем инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² пÑогÑаммаÑ
;
+полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑм
пÑедмеÑом по его назнаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑаÑÑо замеÑно
+пÑоÑе, Ñем компÑÑÑеÑом обÑего назнаÑениÑ.
Ðз-за ÑÑого многие пÑомÑÑленнÑе
+коÑиÑеи пÑедÑказÑвали, ÑÑо компÑÑÑеÑÑ
обÑего назнаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÑпÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÑо
+ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑм ÑÑÑÑойÑÑвам.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑм обÑазом беÑÐ¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ñ ÑÑа
ÑенденÑиÑ. Ðне нÑавиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+компÑÑÑеÑами обÑего назнаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ — Ñ
оÑÑ Ñ Ð¸ допÑÑкаÑ, ÑÑо ÑаÑÑо ими
+ÑÑÑдно полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ. Ðне нÑавиÑÑÑ Ñвобода,
коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ мне даÑÑ. ÐомпÑÑÑеÑ
+ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñодолжением моей мÑÑли.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑо не поÑ
оже на ÑайÑÑ ÐнÑеÑнеÑа и
ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ. Ðни не
+даÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ Ñе ÑвободÑ, какие мне даÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ñего назнаÑениÑ. ÐÑли ÑÑа
+ÑенденÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑазвиваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ планам
коÑиÑеев, вÑе болÑÑе и болÑÑе из Ñого,
+ÑÑо Ñ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñвоем компÑÑÑеÑе,
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑÑ
веÑаÑ
и ÑдаленнÑÑ
ÑеÑвеÑаÑ
.
+</p>
+<p>
+ЧÑо в Ñакой обÑÑановке ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ñвобода
пÑогÑамм? ÐонеÑно, Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего
+дÑÑного в Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð²
ÐнÑеÑнеÑе ÑайÑ, не пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ полÑÑиÑÑ
+полноÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
(даже
еÑли Ð±Ñ ÑÑо бÑло не Ñак, длÑ
+болÑÑинÑÑва лÑдей ÑÑо неÑеалÑно; напÑимеÑ,
паÑенÑнÑй ÑеÑÐ²ÐµÑ IBM опиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+многоÑеÑабайÑнÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
).
+</p>
+<p>
+Я Ñбежден, ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — в
оÑобенноÑÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм
+иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом — поÑенÑиалÑно
могÑÑ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÑÑмам болÑÑе
+конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ иÑ
ÑобÑÑвенной жизнÑÑ, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑоÑÑоÑÑ Ð¸Ð· мÑÑлей,
+а не лÑдей, меÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ веÑей. ТенденÑÐ¸Ñ Ðº
ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑм ÑÑÑÑойÑÑвам и
+ÑдаленнÑм ÑеÑвеÑам могла Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑаÑÑ
ÑÑомÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+ЧÑо ознаÑаÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
запиÑаннÑе в ÐÐУ? ÐÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ пÑогÑаммÑ
+ÑвободнÑми, еÑли мне нÑжно вÑпаÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑоÑÑ
емÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ, и запиÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑоÑÑ
емÑ, ÑÑобÑ
запÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ? ЧÑо
+ознаÑаÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑабоÑаÑÑие
на доÑÑÑпном по ÑеÑи ÑеÑвеÑе? Ðаже
+пÑи наилÑÑÑиÑ
намеÑениÑÑ
ÑÑа ÑеÑ
ника,
по-видимомÑ, заÑÑÑднÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавление
+лÑдÑм Ñакой ÑвободÑ, какой они полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ
на пеÑÑоналÑнÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC5">Ðак Ñ ÑÑим боÑоÑÑÑÑ</h3>
+<p>
+Ðовое ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво обойдеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ñоже, Ñем
полÑÑение пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÑановка ее на
+Ñвоей маÑине. Так ÑÑо лÑди не бÑдÑÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑми
+ÑÑÑÑойÑÑвами, еÑли Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
не бÑдеÑ
пÑеимÑÑеÑÑв.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðо пÑеимÑÑеÑÑва Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ. Ðми
<em>гоÑаздо</em> пÑоÑе полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ, Ñем
+нÑнеÑними компÑÑÑеÑами обÑего назнаÑениÑ.
Ðнопка Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ дейÑÑвиÑ;
+оÑÑÑÑÑÑвие непÑивÑÑнÑÑ
Ñежимов, в коÑоÑÑÑ
кнопки делаÑÑ ÑÑо-Ñо дÑÑгое или
+вообÑе ниÑего не делаÑÑ. ÐÑвод каждой
пеÑеменной ÑоÑÑоÑниÑ; не пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+вÑе нажимаÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвидеÑÑ ÑÑо. Я
подозÑеваÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо огÑаниÑение Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+в пÑиÑоде компÑÑÑеÑов обÑего назнаÑениÑ, а
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ ÑолÑко на иÑ
нÑнеÑнем
+ÑÑапе ÑазвиÑиÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема — ÑÑо они
ÑабоÑаÑÑ ÑÑазÑ. ÐÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑов
+обÑего назнаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑо ÑаÑÑо не Ñак,
оÑобенно когда они ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´
+ÑпÑавлением опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем Microsoft.
Ðаже в лÑÑÑем ÑлÑÑае вам вÑе-Ñаки
+нÑжно поÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑ ÑекÑнд на ÑÑо-Ñо, не
имеÑÑее оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº делÑ, пеÑед
+Ñем как пÑиÑÑÑпиÑÑ Ðº ÑабоÑе — набоÑÑ
пиÑÑма или ÑемÑ-Ñо еÑе. Ð
+болÑÑинÑÑве ÑлÑÑаев пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ ÑелкаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
кнопкам ÑекÑнд деÑÑÑÑ. Ð Ñ
ÑдÑиÑ
+ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Windows
и пÑикладнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
+пеÑеконÑигÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑиÑеÑийнÑе
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑва и пеÑеÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
дÑайвеÑÑ
+пеÑед Ñем, как Ð²Ñ ÑможеÑе ÑÑо-Ñо ÑделаÑÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+ТÑеÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема — ÑÑо они
ÑÑебÑÑÑ ÑÑÑановки
+пÑогÑамм. ÐÑли Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
Ñвоей маÑиной, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑпÑавлÑÑÑ
+ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑ, мне нÑжно ÑÑÑановиÑÑ Ð½Ð°
маÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑовÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ. ХоÑÑ
+ÑÑо знаÑиÑелÑно деÑевле, Ñем покÑпка
ÑпеÑиализиÑованной поÑÑовой маÑинÑ, ÑÑо
+знаÑиÑелÑно менее Ñдобно, ÑÑо пÑÐ³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸
запÑÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ (по кÑайней меÑе, мне Ñак
+говоÑÑÑ). Ðа ÑÑо ÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе вÑемени.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑли компÑÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ñего назнаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
пеÑежиÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑпление маленÑкиÑ
+деÑевÑÑ
ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑÑ
коÑобоÑек, они
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑÑаÑÑ Ñакими же пÑоÑÑÑми в
+полÑзовании, надежнÑми и пÑоÑÑÑми в
ÑÑÑановке пÑогÑамм, как ÑÑи
+ÑпеÑиализиÑованнÑе коÑобоÑки. ÐÑо ÑÑебÑеÑ
опеÑаÑионной ÑÑедÑ, ÑовеÑÑенно
+оÑлиÑной Ð¾Ñ Ñой, коÑоÑой Ð¼Ñ ÑегоднÑ
полÑзÑемÑÑ Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑоле; Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего
+ÑдивиÑелÑного в Ñом, ÑÑо GNU/Linux к ÑÑомÑ
ближе, Ñем вÑе дÑÑгое, Ñем Ñ
+ÑолÑко полÑзовалÑÑ (Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Squeak еÑе
лÑÑÑе, но Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ еÑе не
+пÑобовал). Ðо и GNU/Linux невеÑоÑÑно далека оÑ
ÑÑого. ÐÑо поÑÑебÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº
+дÑÑгой аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ, Ñак и дÑÑгиÑ
пÑогÑамм.
+</p>
+<p>
+УдаленнÑе ÑеÑвеÑÑ ÑазвиваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑ
однÑм
пÑиÑинам — они пÑоÑÑÑ Ð²
+полÑзовании благодаÑÑ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð¾Ð±ÑазнÑм
инÑеÑÑейÑам бÑаÑзеÑа, “ÑабоÑаÑÑ
+ÑÑазє, иÑ
не ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ —
пÑоÑÑо полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ. Ðо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+еÑÑÑ Ð¸ паÑа дÑÑгиÑ
пÑеимÑÑеÑÑв: они могÑÑ
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑги, коÑоÑÑе
+ÑÑебÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑ
обÑемов даннÑÑ
или
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ
моÑноÑÑей, коÑоÑÑÑ
не
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ваÑей ÑобÑÑвенной маÑине,
еÑли ÑолÑко Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ
оÑиÑе поÑÑаÑиÑÑ
+на ÑÑо кÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ³ (загÑÑжаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй денÑ
Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
AltaVista бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑенÑ
+неÑÑÑекÑивнÑм ÑпоÑобом поиÑка по
ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ).
+</p>
+<p>
+Я дÑмаÑ, в наÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑи
пÑеимÑÑеÑÑва неÑÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ñ — Ñ
оÑÑ
+мне бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑеÑно ÑаÑпÑеделÑÑÑ
болÑÑие вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑе задаÑи междÑ
+многими маÑинами.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑекÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ
одиÑÑÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑвенном
доÑÑоÑнии.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ </div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/12/24 07:47:22 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/kragen-software.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/kragen-software.ru-en.html
diff -N po/kragen-software.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/kragen-software.ru-en.html 24 Dec 2013 07:47:24 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>People, places, things and ideas
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/kragen-software.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>People, places, things and ideas</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <strong>Kragen Sitaker
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></strong>
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC1">Software</h3>
+<p>
+Software is ideas. Information. It's different from people, places,
+and things; it's infinitely reduplicable like fire, at almost no cost.
+This is a truism, even a cliche. But it seems that there are
+particular consequences that aren't well-explored.
+</p>
+<p>
+One is that it doesn't work well to sell it the way you sell slaves,
+places, and things; any of your customers can make an unbounded number
+of copies at cost, or less. Market friction currently makes selling
+software a viable business model. Perhaps branding does, too; there's
+a question as to whether Red Hat sells CDs for $50 because people like
+Red Hat's brand, or just because they don't know they can buy
+essentially the same CD from CheapBytes for $2.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC2">The past and the present</h3>
+<p>
+The traditional way to deal with this is to lock ideas up inside
+people, places, and things. A lawyer can get quite a bit of money
+simply for spitting out the appropriate ideas, not doing any actual
+creative work, or simply for applying rote procedures — most
+wills reportedly fall in this category. I have to go to the Georgia
+O'Keeffe Museum to see old Georgia's paintings, because they don't
+allow photography. Then they can charge me admission. (Great museum,
+by the way. If you go there, don't get the four-day pass; their
+collection is rather small.) A book can be sold for more than the
+cost of printing it because the ideas are difficult to separate from
+their physical manifestation.
+</p>
+<p>
+Software makes it much easier to separate ideas from people, places,
+and things. If I buy my computer to send email with, and I want to
+make fractals, I don't have to buy a new fractal machine. I just have
+to download some fractal software. If I want to calculate the yield
+force of a strut, I don't have to hire a structural engineer; I can
+download some <abbr title="Finite element analysis">FEA</abbr>
+software and simulate stressing it until it yields. I don't have to
+go to a museum to look at my neighbor's fractals; I can just pull them
+up on my screen. (Once I download them, of course.)
+</p>
+<p>
+This is a spectacular change.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC3">Software locked up: the future?</h3>
+<p>
+And it was the nature of computer applications, in general, until
+recently. But now we have the Web, and people are talking a lot about
+application-specific embedded computers. Suddenly people can deliver
+applications like the ones they used to deliver as computer software,
+but they can lock up the software — the ideas — inside
+places and things.
+</p>
+<p>
+As an example, I have a CD-ROM containing aggregated US phone
+listings. Given sufficient time and expertise, I can extract these
+phone listings and put them up on a web site. (I need to
+reverse-engineer the database structure they're stored in first.) I
+can run correlation tests to see if people with certain last names tend
+to have more biased exchange distributions within a city. (Which would
+indicate that they lived close to their families, perhaps, or that the
+city was ethnically segregated.) I can find out which spelling of
+Cathy is most popular (Kathy? Cathi?), and I can see if people's
+choices of spellings of Cathy are correlated with their last names.
+</p>
+<p>
+There are also several web sites containing the same set of phone
+listings, or newer versions. I can't do any of these things with
+these web sites, because the phone listings — an idea —
+are locked up in the web site — a place or a thing, depending on
+how you look at it.
+</p>
+<p>
+Another tack is to lock information up in things. The
+<abbr title="National Security Agency">NSA</abbr>'s Skipjack algorithm
+was classified for several years; implementations were widely
+available, but only in special hardened devices. This allowed them to
+deploy it widely behind the iron curtain that surrounds classified
+research, and they intended to deploy it widely in the outside world,
+too. (So far, I'm outside that curtain.) Recently, circumstances
+forced them to distribute software implementations of Skipjack, and so
+they declassified it. (See
+<a
href="http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9807.html#skip">http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9807.html#skip</a>
+for more.)
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC4">Why I don't like this</h3>
+<p>
+Having the phone book myself gives me more freedom. On the other hand,
+it also requires me to install software on my machine, giving that
+software some degree of control over my machine. In this particular
+case, the software runs under Win95, so it demands complete control
+over my machine. So it's actually considerably more convenient for me
+to just visit the web page and fill out a form to look up someone's
+phone number.
+</p>
+<p>
+Information in things is also considerably more convenient than
+information in software; a special-purpose thing is often considerably
+easier to use for that purpose than a general-purpose computer is.
+Because of this, many industry pundits have been forecasting that
+general-purpose computers will fall out of use in favor of
+special-purpose devices.
+</p>
+<p>
+I'm somewhat worried about this trend. I like using general-purpose
+computers — though admittedly they are often difficult to use.
+I like the freedom it gives me. The computer is just an extension of
+my mind.
+</p>
+<p>
+Web sites and special-purpose hardware are not like this. They do not
+give me the same freedoms general-purpose computers do. If the trend
+were to continue to the extent the pundits project, more and more of
+what I do today with my computer will be done by special-purpose things
+and remote servers.
+</p>
+<p>
+What does freedom of software mean in such an environment? Surely it's
+not wrong to run a Web site without offering my software and databases
+for download. (Even if it were, it might not be feasible for most
+people to download them. IBM's patent server has a many-terabyte
+database behind it.)
+</p>
+<p>
+I believe that software — open-source software, in particular
+— has the potential to give individuals significantly more
+control over their own lives, because it consists of ideas, not
+people, places, or things. The trend toward special-purpose devices
+and remote servers could reverse that.
+</p>
+<p>
+What does it mean to have free software burned into a ROM? Is the
+software still free if I have to desolder the ROM to read the source
+code and burn a new ROM to run a modified version? What does it mean
+to have free software running a remotely-accessible application on a
+Web server? Even with the best of intentions, these technologies seem
+make it difficult to give people the same kind of freedom they enjoy
+with PCs.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="SEC5">How to fight it</h3>
+<p>
+It's more expensive to buy a new device than it is to download software
+and install it on my machine. So people won't use special-purpose devices
+if they provide no advantages.
+</p>
+<p>
+But they do provide advantages. They're *much* easier to use than
+current general-purpose computers. A button for every function; no
+funny modes in which the buttons do something else, or nothing. A
+display for every state variable; you don't have to click on things to
+make them visible. I suspect that this is not an inherent limitation
+of general-purpose computers, but a limitation of their current state.
+</p>
+<p>
+Another big issue is that they just work. General-purpose computers
+often don't, particularly when running Microsoft OSes. Even in the
+best case, you still have to do a couple of seconds of irrelevant
+stuff before getting to work on what you want to work on —
+typing a letter or whatever. More typically, you have to click around
+for ten seconds or so. At worst, you have to reinstall Windows and
+the application, reconfigure some peripherals, and reinstall their
+drivers before you can get anything done.
+</p>
+<p>
+A third big issue is that they require software installation. If I
+want to start using my machine for writing email different, I have to
+install email software on it. While this is considerably less
+expensive than buying a special-purpose email machine, it's
+considerably less uncomfortable, intimidating, and confusing. (Or so
+I'm told.) It also takes longer.
+</p>
+<p>
+If general-purpose computers are to survive the onslaught of tiny,
+cheap special-purpose boxes, they must become as easy to use, reliable,
+and easy to install software on as those special-purpose boxes.
+This requires a totally different operating environment than anything
+we're using on the desktop today; not surprisingly, GNU/Linux is closer
+than anything else I've used. (Squeak might be even better, but I
+haven't tried it yet.) But GNU/Linux is an incredibly long way away.
+This will require different hardware as well as different software.
+</p>
+<p>
+The forces behind remote servers are similar — ease of use
+because of uniform interfaces through a web browser, “just
+working”, and no installation — just using. But they have
+a couple of other advantages as well: they can provide services that
+require massive storage or computational resources that can't
+reasonably be provided on your own machine, unless you want to spend
+wads of cash. (Downloading AltaVista's database every day would be a
+very inefficient way to search the Web.)
+</p>
+<p>
+I think these extra advantages are probably impossible to overcome at
+the moment — although I'm interested in research on distributing
+big computational jobs over many machines.
+</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>This text is in the public domain.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/12/24 07:47:24 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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