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www/philosophy/po rms-hack.ru.po
From: |
Pavel Kharitonov |
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po rms-hack.ru.po |
Date: |
Mon, 14 Oct 2013 04:12:52 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Pavel Kharitonov <ineiev> 13/10/14 04:12:52
Added files:
philosophy/po : rms-hack.ru.po
Log message:
New translation.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-hack.ru.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: rms-hack.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-hack.ru.po
diff -N rms-hack.ru.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-hack.ru.po 14 Oct 2013 04:12:51 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1200 @@
+# Russian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Richard Stallman
+# Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Ineiev <address@hidden>, 2013
+# this translation lacks appropriate review
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: rms-hack.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-01-07 15:25-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-10-11 10:43+0400\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"The Hacker Community and Ethics: An Interview with Richard M. Stallman - GNU "
+"Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"ХакеÑÑкое ÑообÑеÑÑво и ÑÑика - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного "
+"обеÑпеÑениÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid ""
+"The Hacker Community and Ethics: An Interview with Richard M. Stallman, 2002"
+msgstr "ХакеÑÑкое ÑообÑеÑÑво и ÑÑика:
инÑеÑвÑÑ Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑдом СÑолменом (2002)"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Published in Finnish in Tere Vadén & Richard M. Stallman: <a "
+"href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20100807063010/http://www.uta.fi/%7Efiteva/"
+"koodivapaaksi.html\"> Koodi vapaaksi - Hakkerietiikan vaativuus</a>, Tampere "
+"University Press. 2002, sivut 62-80.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>ÐпÑбликовано на ÑинÑком в <cite>Tere Vadén
& Richard M. "
+"Stallman: <a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20100807063010/http://www.uta."
+"fi/%7Efiteva/koodivapaaksi.html\"> Koodi vapaaksi - Hakkerietiikan "
+"vaativuus</a>, Tampere University Press. 2002, sivut 62-80.</cite></em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Hackerism"
+msgstr "ХакеÑÑÑво"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Tere Vadén (<b>TV</b>): One of the most striking features of your "
+"approach to the issues of technology and software and so on is that you "
+"consider ethical and social matters more important than possible "
+"technological advantages. While that maybe should be the norm, it "
+"unfortunately is not so. The main issues seems to be one of community; what "
+"kinds of communities different ways of using technology promote. Am I "
+"guessing right if I believe that you are thinking off ethical issues in "
+"terms of communities?"
+msgstr ""
+"ТеÑе Ðаден (<b>ТÐ</b>). Ðдна из
поÑазиÑелÑнейÑиÑ
оÑобенноÑÑей ваÑего подÑ
ода "
+"к вопÑоÑам ÑеÑ
ники, пÑогÑаммиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
Ñак далее заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ "
+"ÑÑиÑаеÑе ÑÑиÑеÑкие и ÑоÑиалÑнÑе пÑоблемÑ
более важнÑми, Ñем возможнÑе "
+"ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкие ÑÑовеÑÑенÑÑвованиÑ. ХоÑÑ ÑÑо,
возможно, должно бÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ñмой, к "
+"ÑожалениÑ, ÑÑо не Ñак. ÐлавнÑми вопÑоÑами
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑва: "
+"какого Ñода ÑообÑеÑÑвам ÑпоÑобÑÑвÑÑÑ
ÑазлиÑнÑе ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑ
ники. "
+"ÐÑав ли Ñ, еÑли Ñ ÑÑиÑаÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑмаеÑе об
ÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
пÑоблемаÑ
в ÑеÑминаÑ
"
+"ÑообÑеÑÑв?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Richard M. Stallman (<b>RMS</b>): Yes. The way I reached my conclusions "
+"about which freedoms are essential for using software, and which kinds of "
+"license requirements are acceptable, is by thinking about whether they would "
+"interfere with the kinds of use of the software that are necessary to have a "
+"functioning community."
+msgstr ""
+"РиÑаÑд Ð. СÑолмен (<b>РС</b>). Ðа. ÐÑÑÑ, по
коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑел к заклÑÑениÑм "
+"о Ñом, какие ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ñи
полÑзовании пÑогÑаммами и какого Ñода "
+"ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий пÑиемлемÑ,— ÑÑо
ÑазмÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, бÑдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ они "
+"помеÑ
ой Ñем видам пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм,
коÑоÑÑе необÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
+"бÑло живое ÑообÑеÑÑво."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> The idea of free software was born out of your experiences at "
+"<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\"> MIT</abbr>, and how "
+"that community was infiltrated and in some sense destroyed by commercial "
+"interests."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ñвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñла
поÑождена ваÑим опÑÑом ÑабоÑÑ Ð² MIT "
+"и Ñем, как коммеÑÑеÑкие инÑеÑеÑÑ
внедÑилиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑо ÑообÑеÑÑво и в некоÑоÑом "
+"ÑмÑÑле ÑазÑÑÑили его."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Yes, that is correct. The hackers really enjoyed the freedom to "
+"share and change software; that was the basis for our free-wheeling "
+"community."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Ðа, ÑÑо веÑно. ХакеÑам оÑенÑ
нÑавилоÑÑ Ñвободно обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ "
+"пÑавиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ; ÑÑо бÑло оÑновой
наÑего неÑÑеÑненного ÑообÑеÑÑва."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> What does the word ‘hacker’ mean to you, personally?"
+msgstr "<b>ТÐ</b>. ЧÑо лиÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаеÑ
Ñлово “Ñ
акеє?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> It means someone who enjoys playful cleverness, especially in "
+"programming but other media are also possible. In the 14th century, "
+"Guillaume de Machaut wrote a palindromic three-part musical composition. It "
+"sounded good, too—I think I played in it once, because I still "
+"remember one of the parts. I think that was a good hack. I heard somewhere "
+"that J. S. Bach did something similar."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Ðно ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо, ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÑавиÑÑÑ
игÑа Ñма, оÑобенно в "
+"пÑогÑаммиÑовании, но дÑÑгие облаÑÑи Ñоже
возможнÑ. Ð XIV веке Ðийом де ÐаÑо "
+"напиÑал палиндÑомнÑÑ Ð¼ÑзÑкалÑнÑÑ
композиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑеÑ
ÑаÑÑÑÑ
. ÐÑо и звÑÑало "
+"Ñ
оÑоÑо — по-моемÑ, Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº-Ñо Ñаз игÑал
ее, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ÑиÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ "
+"Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÑаÑÑей. Ðо-моемÑ, ÑÑо бÑло Ñ
оÑоÑее Ñ
акеÑÑÑво. Я где-Ñо ÑлÑÑал, "
+"ÑÑо ÑÑо-Ñо подобное делал Ð.С. ÐаÑ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One possible arena for playful cleverness is breaking security. Hackers "
+"never had much respect for bureaucratic restrictions. If the computer was "
+"sitting idle because the administrators wouldn't let them use it, they would "
+"sometimes figure out how to bypass the obstacles and use it anyway. If this "
+"required cleverness, it would be fun in itself, as well as making it "
+"possible to do other hacking (for instance, useful work) on the computer "
+"instead of twiddling one's thumbs. But not all hackers did security "
+"breaking. Many never were interested in that."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðдна из возможнÑÑ
аÑен Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð³ÑÑ Ñма —
взлом заÑиÑÑ. ХакеÑÑ "
+"никогда оÑобенно не Ñважали
бÑÑокÑаÑиÑеÑкие огÑаниÑениÑ. ÐÑли
компÑÑÑÐµÑ "
+"ÑÑоÑл без дела, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо админиÑÑÑаÑоÑÑ
не давали Ñ
акеÑам им полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ, "
+"они иногда наÑ
одили ÑпоÑоб обойÑи
пÑепÑÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ вÑе Ñавно полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼. "
+"ÐÑли Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого ÑÑебовалаÑÑ
ÑообÑазиÑелÑноÑÑÑ, ÑÑо бÑло Ñамо по Ñебе "
+"ÑазвлеÑение, а не ÑолÑко позволÑло
занимаÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим Ñ
акеÑÑÑвом (напÑимеÑ, "
+"полезной ÑабоÑой) на компÑÑÑеÑе вмеÑÑо
Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑидеÑÑ Ñложа ÑÑки. Ðо не "
+"вÑе Ñ
акеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð²Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ заÑиÑÑ.
Ðногие никогда ÑÑим не инÑеÑеÑовалиÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"On the Incompatible Timesharing System, the operating system developed by "
+"the AI lab's hackers, we made it unnecessary to break security: we simply "
+"did not implement security in the system. The hackers realized that security "
+"would be a mechanism for the administrators to dominate us. So we never gave "
+"them the means."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð ÐеÑовмеÑÑимой ÑиÑÑеме ÑазделениÑ
вÑемени, опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме, "
+"ÑазÑабоÑанной Ñ
акеÑами ÐабоÑаÑоÑии ÐÐ, мÑ
Ñделали взлом заÑиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ½ÑжнÑм: Ð¼Ñ "
+"пÑоÑÑо не Ñеализовали заÑиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑой
ÑиÑÑеме. ХакеÑÑ Ñознавали, ÑÑо заÑиÑа "
+"бÑла Ð±Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑ
анизмом, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑого
админиÑÑÑаÑоÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑподÑÑвовали Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ "
+"нами. Так ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не давали им ÑÑого
ÑÑедÑÑва."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> How about the concepts of freedom and community? There's this "
+"idea that freedom to distribute ideas, thoughts, recipes and software "
+"creates the best kinds of communities or at least better than those based on "
+"commercial limitations on distribution and sharing."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. РпонÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ ÑообÑеÑÑва? Я
Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð² Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ ÑÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, "
+"ÑÑо Ñвобода ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¸, мÑÑли,
ÑеÑепÑÑ Ð¸ пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ "
+"наилÑÑÑие Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ ÑообÑеÑÑв или по менÑÑей
меÑе лÑÑÑе ÑеÑ
, в оÑнове коÑоÑÑÑ
"
+"Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑеÑкие огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение и обмен."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> I think it is a mistake to label these restrictions as “"
+"commercial”, because that pertains to the motive for the "
+"restrictions. The same restrictions, if imposed for a different motive, "
+"would do the same harm. What matters is the restrictions, not the motive. "
+"Commercial software can be free or non-free, just as noncommercial software "
+"can be free or non-free. It only depends on the license."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Я дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо непÑавилÑно оÑмеÑаÑÑ
ÑÑи огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº “"
+"коммеÑÑеÑкие”, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑо
оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº моÑивам огÑаниÑений. Те же "
+"ÑамÑе огÑаниÑениÑ, еÑли иÑ
налагаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
дÑÑгим моÑивам, наноÑили Ð±Ñ ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¶Ðµ "
+"ÑамÑй вÑед. ÐÐ°Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениÑ, а не моÑив.
ÐоммеÑÑеÑкие пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ "
+"ÑвободнÑми или неÑвободнÑми ÑоÑно Ñак же,
как некоммеÑÑеÑкие пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ "
+"бÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми или неÑвободнÑми. ÐÑо
завиÑÐ¸Ñ ÑолÑко Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензии."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> How would you delineate the distinction between the public "
+"(communal, freedom-based) and the commercial spheres?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Ðак Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ñовели ÑазделиÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвенной "
+"(коммÑналÑной, оÑнованной на Ñвободе) и
коммеÑÑеÑкой ÑÑеÑой?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Comparing free with commercial is like comparing happiness with "
+"purple. It doesn't make sense, because they are not answers to the same "
+"question. They are not alternatives. The meaningful comparison is between "
+"free and non-free software."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. СопоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñвободное Ñ
коммеÑÑеÑким — вÑе Ñавно ÑÑо "
+"ÑопоÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑе и лазÑÑÑ. ÐÑо
беÑÑмÑÑленно, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо о ниÑ
нелÑÐ·Ñ "
+"задаÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸ и Ñе же вопÑоÑÑ. ÐÑо не
алÑÑеÑнаÑивÑ. ÐÑмÑÑленное "
+"ÑопоÑÑавление — Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑвободнÑми и
неÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> It seems that the distinction between “open source” "
+"and “free software” is that the open source movement ultimately "
+"justifies the idea on utilitarian grounds; open source is the best way of "
+"producing functional software; while the ultimate justification for free "
+"software is non-calculative, non-utilitarian; freedom is unviolable. Is that "
+"a correct interpretation?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. РазлиÑие Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ “оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом” и “"
+"ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами”, кажеÑÑÑ,
ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо движение за "
+"оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð² конеÑном ÑÑеÑе
опÑавдÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ñ ÑÑилиÑаÑнÑÑ
"
+"позиÑий; оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ —
ÑамÑй лÑÑÑий ÑпоÑоб "
+"пÑоизводÑÑва надежнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм; в Ñо же
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ñавдание ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм "
+"по ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑаÑÑеÑливо, не ÑÑилиÑаÑно;
Ñвобода непÑикоÑновенна. ÐеÑно ли "
+"ÑÑо Ñолкование?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> More or less. I would say that freedom has value in itself, just "
+"as powerful reliable software does."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Ðолее или менее. Я Ð±Ñ Ñказал, ÑÑо
Ñвобода Ñенна Ñама по Ñебе, "
+"ÑоÑно Ñак же как и ÑÑÑекÑивнÑе надежнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> But isn't there a problem here; one of the utilitarian "
+"calculations of “open source” is that it is more profitable "
+"— in the sense of making more money or making better softaware — "
+"to use an open source license than a copyleft license. A company like Apple "
+"or Nokia will adapt open source up to point, precisely the point where "
+"making it more free would turn the profitability down."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Ðо Ð½ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ здеÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ: один из
ÑÑилиÑаÑнÑÑ
ÑаÑÑеÑов “"
+"оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа”
заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо вÑгоднее "
+"— в ÑмÑÑле денег или ÑлÑÑÑениÑ
пÑогÑамм — полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ "
+"лиÑензией оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, Ñем
лиÑензией Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑким левом. "
+"ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñоде Apple или Nokia пÑинимаеÑ
оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ "
+"некоÑоÑого моменÑа — Ñовно до Ñого
моменÑа, наÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑого "
+"повÑÑение ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñало Ð±Ñ ÑнижаÑÑ
пÑибÑлÑноÑÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> I agree that it is wrong for these decisions (about your freedom "
+"and mine) to be made by the software developer for the sake of his profit, "
+"just as the decision about whether you and I have freedom of speech should "
+"not be made by some third party for his own interests."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Я ÑоглаÑен, ÑÑо непÑавилÑно, еÑли
ÑÑи ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (о ваÑей и моей "
+"Ñвободе) пÑинимаÑÑÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑиком
пÑогÑамм иÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð· его вÑгодÑ, ÑоÑно Ñак "
+"же, как ÑеÑение о Ñом, должна ли Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ñ
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñвобода Ñлова, не "
+"должно пÑинимаÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹-Ñо ÑÑеÑÑей
ÑÑоÑоной в ее ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
инÑеÑеÑаÑ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I am not going to condemn someone who does the right thing for the wrong "
+"reason, but it is true that relying on people to respect our freedom because "
+"it is profitable for them to do so is not a reliable system for protecting "
+"our freedom. This is the reason why we must reduce the political power of "
+"business."
+msgstr ""
+"Я не ÑобиÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо, кÑо
поÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑавилÑно по дÑÑнÑм пÑиÑинам, "
+"но веÑно, ÑÑо ÑаÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо, ÑÑо лÑди бÑдÑÑ
ÑважаÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾ÑÑого, ÑÑо "
+"им ÑÑо вÑгодно, не даÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ заÑиÑÑ
наÑей ÑвободÑ. ÐÑо одна из пÑиÑин, "
+"по коÑоÑÑм Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑменÑÑаÑÑ
полиÑиÑеÑкÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
кÑÑгов."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> The argument that a company would use, of course, is that the "
+"profit it creates ultimately benefits the whole society. How would you "
+"respond to that?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐÑгÑменÑ, коÑоÑÑй, конеÑно, пÑивела
Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, "
+"ÑÑо пÑибÑлÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð° ÑоздаеÑ, в
конеÑном ÑÑеÑе пÑиноÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ñ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ "
+"обÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð² Ñелом. Ðак Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо
оÑвеÑили?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> That is a claim with no basis. A non-free program can only "
+"benefit those who don't value their freedom, and thus serves as a temptation "
+"for people to give up their freedom. That is harmful to society."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÑо безоÑноваÑелÑное заÑвление.
ÐеÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ "
+"пÑиноÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ñ ÑолÑко ÑомÑ, кÑо не ÑениÑ
Ñвоей ÑвободÑ; Ñаким обÑазом, она "
+"ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ñдей Ñоблазном поÑваÑÑ Ñо
Ñвоей Ñвободой. ÐÑо вÑедно Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"обÑеÑÑва."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> There is also this question of individual/private vs public/"
+"communal here. It is often in the interests of the individual to do "
+"something that threatens the community, threatens freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐдеÑÑ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñакже ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±
индивидÑалÑном (лиÑном) и "
+"пÑблиÑном (обÑеÑÑвенном). ЧаÑÑо в
инÑеÑеÑаÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> I know. This is why we need to think about right and wrong in "
+"making our decisions, and also the reason why societies have a notion of "
+"punishing actions that hurt the community."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Я знаÑ. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ нÑжно дÑмаÑÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> Now, somebody like Torvalds — and we don't necessarily have "
+"to use any names here — would probably share your enthusiasm about "
+"hackerism in the sense of playful cleverness, and would take that playful "
+"cleverness also to the area of being clever in making money and enjoying the "
+"good life. Actually that is what he hints at in a recent book called “"
+"The Hacker Ethics”."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Так воÑ, кÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ñоде
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+"названием “ХакеÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑика”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> That is true. Just because someone enjoys hacking does not mean "
+"he has an ethical commitment to treating other people properly. Some hackers "
+"care about ethics—I do, for instance—but that is not part of "
+"being a hacker, it is a separate trait. Some stamp collectors care a lot "
+"about ethics, while other stamp collectors don't. It is the same for hackers."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÑо веÑно. То, ÑÑо кÑо-Ñо лÑÐ±Ð¸Ñ Ñ
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+"и Ñ Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I agree with the person who said that there is no hacker ethic, but rather a "
+"hacker aesthetic."
+msgstr ""
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+"ÑÑÑеÑика."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> Now, if one wants to avoid the negative consequences of the "
+"profit-oriented business, it feels that one has to give the individual a "
+"good reason for not looking after only his or her own best. And that "
+"something, that reason, might be something in the public sphere."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Так воÑ, еÑли кÑо-Ñо Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Of course—but why are you treating this as if it were a "
+"new idea that can only be hinted at. This idea is thousands of years old. "
+"This is the basic idea of ethics."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐонеÑно — но поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> The question about hacker aesthetics — as you explained, "
+"there is no special hacker ethics, because a hacker can act ethically or "
+"unethically and nothing in hackerism itself necessitates ethical behaviour."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐÑо вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ñ
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+"поведениÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> Hacking is not primarily about an ethical issue. It is an idea "
+"of what makes life meaningful. But he may be right that hacking tends to "
+"lead a significant number of hackers to think about ethical questions in a "
+"certain way. I would not want to completely deny all connection between "
+"hacking and views on ethics."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b> ХакеÑÑÑво в оÑновном каÑаеÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Although someone said that there was a hacker aesthetic rather than a hacker "
+"ethic, I think “aesthetic” is not quite the right word either. "
+"An aesthetic is an idea of what is beautiful. This is an idea of what is "
+"exciting and meaningful. Is there a word for that? I can think of “the "
+"hacker way”, but that sounds rather pompous and new-age."
+msgstr ""
+"ХоÑÑ ÐºÑо-Ñо Ñказал, ÑÑо еÑÑÑ Ñ
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+#. type: Content of: <h3>
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+msgstr "СообÑеÑÑво"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>TV:</b> Now that brings to mind several questions. For the first, one "
+"could maybe inquire after an ideal society or do forth, but let's leave that "
+"for the moment."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Так воÑ, ÑÑо Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° неÑколÑко
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> I approach these issues incrementally. I don't think I could try "
+"to design an ideal society and have any confidence in the conclusion. "
+"Attempts to propose a society quite different from the ones we know often "
+"tend to be disastrously flawed. So instead I propose local changes which I "
+"have some reason to believe are good. Note that I didn't imagine the free "
+"software community on my own—if I had, I would not be so confident it "
+"is a good idea. I knew that from having tried it."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> Is there something that digitalization offers for community-"
+"building, something that other media (like printed books) could not offer, "
+"or does digitalization mean ‘just’ and effectivization of "
+"existing means?"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> Computers and the web make it much easier to work "
+"collaboratively and continuing to improve publications. I think that this "
+"will become even more true in the future, as people develop better ways to "
+"do it. The proprietary mindset might as well be precisely calculated to "
+"deprive us of this benefit of the Internet."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐомпÑÑÑеÑÑ Ð¸ ÐнÑеÑÐ½ÐµÑ ÑилÑно
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>TV:</b> Now, from a historical and philosophical perspective it seems "
+"that many a good invention or technological advance has resulted in the "
+"intensification of colonialization"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Так воÑ, в иÑÑоÑиÑеÑком и
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+"колонизаÑии."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> In general, technology is a good thing, and we shouldn't turn it "
+"down. Technology tends to cause cultural change. This is not necessarily a "
+"bad thing, and we should not condemn it in a blanket fashion. There are just "
+"certain specific kinds of cultural change that we need to oppose."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐообÑе говоÑÑ, ÑеÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>TV:</b> I do not necessarily want to get stuck on this public/commercial "
+"issue, but if we say that we need communal agreements, values and systems "
+"that tone down the selfishness of the individual, and we say that the "
+"commercial world systematically has a tendency to promote selfishness, then "
+"I guess we have to conclude that there is a crucial distinction between the "
+"communal and the commercial?"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> I would agree. One person can belong to a community and work in "
+"a business at the same time. Nevertheless, there is a fundamental conflict "
+"between the communitarian attitude and the commercial attitude. I would not "
+"say that the communitarian attitude is good and the commercial attitude is "
+"bad. It makes no sense to aim to eliminate the commercial attitude, because "
+"that is simply selfishness, and selfishness is vital. People must be selfish "
+"to a certain extent, just as they ought to be altruistic to a certain "
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>TV:</b> I mean, in many ways one could say that the communities in the "
+"post-industrial countries these days are based on commercialism, i.e., "
+"people get together, work, communicate etc. mostly because of commercial "
+"reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Я Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> This is a rather weak and ineffective kind of community, hardly "
+"worthy of the name."
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+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÑо доволÑно ÑлабÑй и
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>TV:</b> And, furthermore, like you know, the research and university "
+"community is also very tightly bound to the economical interests of the "
+"nations states and of the companies,"
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> Universities ought to resist being turned to commercial "
+"purposes, for the sake of their integrity. They have failed to resist. "
+"People will always be partly selfish; to keep selfishness from engulfing "
+"society, we need unselfish institutions such as universities and democratic "
+"governments to balance the selfishness and put a check on it. The problem "
+"today is that organized selfishness is taking over society, crushing the "
+"other institutions that were designed to put a check on it."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. УнивеÑÑиÑеÑÑ Ð² инÑеÑеÑаÑ
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задÑманÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑздÑваÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> But, the counter argument goes, a free market economy that seeks "
+"to maximize profit, is the only way of producing wealth and functioning "
+"democratic communities."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Ðо еÑÑÑ Ñакой конÑÑаÑгÑменÑ:
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>RMS:</b> The free software community shows, as cooperatives in Sweden "
+"showed, that this is not true. There are other ways of producing wealth. But "
+"beyond that, producing wealth is not the be-all and end-all of a good "
+"society. There is no need to bend every aspect of life to maximizing the "
+"total wealth. The idea of sacrificing everything else to the production of "
+"wealth—regardless of who gets to share in it!—is exactly what's "
+"wrong with the WTO. As for producing functioning democratic communities, "
+"allowing commerce to dominate not only fails to do that, it is directly "
+"antagonistic to that."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. СообÑеÑÑво Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑваеÑ, как "
+"показали коопеÑаÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð² ШвеÑии, ÑÑо ÑÑо не
веÑно. ÐÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
+"пÑоизводÑÑва богаÑÑÑв. Ðо кÑоме Ñого, в Ñ
оÑоÑем обÑеÑÑве вÑе и вÑÑ Ð½Ðµ "
+"ÑводиÑÑÑ Ðº пÑоизводÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑÑÑв. Ðе
нÑжно пÑиÑÑгиваÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй аÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¸ к "
+"макÑимизаÑии обÑего богаÑÑÑва. ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¾ Ñом,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑвоваÑÑ Ñади "
+"пÑоизводÑÑва богаÑÑÑв вÑем
оÑÑалÑнÑм — незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого, кÑо в "
+"нем полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ! — как Ñаз, ÑÑо
непÑавилÑно в ÐТÐ. ЧÑо же "
+"каÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоизводÑÑва живÑÑ
демокÑаÑиÑеÑкиÑ
ÑообÑеÑÑв, Ñо позволением "
+"коммеÑÑии гоÑподÑÑвоваÑÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑолÑко
нелÑÐ·Ñ ÑÑого добиÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑÑмо "
+"анÑагониÑÑиÑно ÑÑой Ñели."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> If ethics applies to everyone, and ethics is based on community, "
+"does this mean that there is an ideal community to which everyone should "
+"belong?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐÑли ÑÑика пÑименима ко вÑем и
ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ñ Ñгла ÑообÑеÑÑво, "
+"ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо, ÑÑо еÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ñное
ÑообÑеÑÑво, к коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй должен "
+"пÑинадлежаÑÑ?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>RMS:</b> I don't think that follows."
+msgstr "<b>РС</b>. Я не дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо одно ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·
дÑÑгого."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Copyleft"
+msgstr "ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> The concept of copyleft is a brilliant tool for the communal "
+"purposes. Could you tell a little on how you arrived at the idea?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐонÑÑие авÑоÑÑкого лева —
оÑÑдие, коÑоÑое блеÑÑÑÑе "
+"ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвеннÑм нÑждам. Ðе могли Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ
ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ о Ñом, как Ð²Ñ "
+"пÑиÑли к ÑÑой идее?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> I had seen simple notices of the form “verbatim copying "
+"permitted provided this notice is preserved”, and investigated "
+"extending this to handle modification as well."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Ðо ÑÑого Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑеÑал пÑоÑÑÑе
ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð° “бÑквалÑное "
+"копиÑование ÑазÑеÑено пÑи ÑÑловии ÑоÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого Ñведомлениє; Ñ "
+"иÑÑледовал возможноÑÑи ÑаÑÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ оÑ
ваÑÑвало и модиÑикаÑии."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> Let's take a case here. I can see that a free software developer "
+"might be able to make a living by doing free software, because people would "
+"pay for the software, pay for the manuals, pay for the joy of being a part "
+"of the community, and so on. I don't think that is impossible. The same "
+"might go for certain musicians, even scientists and so on. But howabout a "
+"writer, a poet, even a musician that works in a very limited language area "
+"— say, Finnish. Making free software or free music or free poetry will "
+"not be a viable option, beacuse the community is too small to support that "
+"kind of activity."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. РаÑÑмоÑÑим пÑимеÑ. Я Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ,
ÑÑо ÑазÑабоÑÑик ÑвободнÑÑ
"
+"пÑогÑамм мог Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð² ÑоÑÑоÑнии
заÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ ÑабоÑой над ÑвободнÑми
"
+"пÑогÑаммами, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо лÑди плаÑили Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°
пÑогÑаммÑ, за ÑÑководÑÑва, за "
+"ÑадоÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑва и Ñак
далее. Я не дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо невозможно. "
+"То же Ñамое могло Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ñ
опÑеделеннÑми мÑзÑканÑами, даже ÑÑенÑми и
Ñак "
+"далее. Ðо возÑмем пиÑаÑелÑ, поÑÑа, даже
мÑзÑканÑа, коÑоÑÑй ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð² оÑÐµÐ½Ñ "
+"огÑаниÑенной ÑзÑковой облаÑÑи —
Ñкажем, на ÑинÑком. Создание "
+"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ñвободной мÑзÑки или
Ñвободной поÑзии пÑакÑиÑеÑки не "
+"бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑвимо, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑообÑеÑÑво
ÑлиÑком мало, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑ "
+"Ñакого Ñода деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> The current system does rather a bad job of supporting these "
+"activities. To replace it with nothing at all would not make things much "
+"worse for these people. However, I think that voluntary methods of support "
+"could do just as good a job as the present system—maybe better."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. СÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑиÑÑема доволÑно плоÑ
о поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÑ "
+"деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ. Ðамена ее на ниÑÑо не ÑилÑно
ÑÑ
ÑдÑила Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑиÑ
лÑдей. "
+"Ðднако Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо добÑоволÑнÑе меÑодÑ
поддеÑжки могли Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ "
+"задаÑÑ ÑоÑно Ñак же Ñ
оÑоÑо, как
ÑовÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема — а можеÑ, и "
+"лÑÑÑе."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> This seems to lead to some kind of “americanization” "
+"or “anglization”."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ðº некоÑоÑого
Ñода “"
+"амеÑиканизаÑии” или
“англизаÑии”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> You can't be serious, can you? Don't you realize that the media-"
+"copyright complex is fueling the americanization of culture around the "
+"world? Disconnecting that complex would do a lot to improve the situation."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÑ, конеÑно, ÑÑÑиÑе, пÑавда? Разве
Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ оÑознаеÑе, ÑÑо ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑ "
+"“ÑÑедÑÑва маÑÑовой
инÑоÑмаÑии—авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво”
подпиÑÑваÑÑ "
+"амеÑиканизаÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÑлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ? Ð
азÑединение ÑÑого комплекÑа бÑло Ð±Ñ "
+"болÑÑим Ñагом к ÑлÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑиÑÑаÑии. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> I was just thinking of the fact that in a small language area "
+"something like copyrights actually do some good for creative work."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Я пÑоÑÑо подÑмал о Ñом ÑакÑе, ÑÑо в
облаÑÑи неболÑÑого ÑзÑка ÑÑо-"
+"Ñо вÑоде авÑоÑÑкого пÑава дейÑÑвиÑелÑно
Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑо-Ñо Ñ
оÑоÑее Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвоÑÑеÑкой "
+"ÑабоÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Not much good, though. How many Finnish writers make a living "
+"from copyright today? Note that I don't advocate the simple and total "
+"abolition of copyright for all kinds of works. See my speech, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html\">Copyright and Globalization</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ХоÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑего и не много. СколÑко
ÑинÑкиÑ
пиÑаÑелей ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ "
+"заÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава? ÐамеÑÑÑе, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ "
+"пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑое и полное ÑпÑазднение
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
видов "
+"пÑоизведений. См. Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑеÑÑ “<a
href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-"
+"globalization.html\">ÐвÑоÑÑкое пÑаво и
глобализаÑиÑ</a>”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Globalization"
+msgstr "ÐлобализаÑиÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> You have touched on some issues of globalization is some recent "
+"interviews. One of the problems is that copyright laws put many third world "
+"countries in an unfavourable position. Do you think that those countries "
+"should not follow the copyright laws?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. РкакиÑ
-Ñо недавниÑ
инÑеÑвÑÑ Ð²Ñ
заÑÑагивали некоÑоÑÑе вопÑоÑÑ "
+"глобализаÑии. Ðдна из пÑоблем заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ
в Ñом, ÑÑо Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком "
+"пÑаве ÑÑавÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÑеÑÑего миÑа
в неблагопÑиÑÑное положение. "
+"ÐÑмаеÑе ли вÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑим ÑÑÑанам не ÑледÑеÑ
ÑоблÑдаÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком "
+"пÑаве?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> The US when it was a developing country did not recognize "
+"foreign copyrights. So why should anyone else? Of course, we know the reason "
+"why: it is part of a system of economic domination that the wealthiest "
+"business owners have imposed on the rest of the world."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. СШÐ, когда они бÑли ÑазвиваÑÑейÑÑ
ÑÑÑаной, не пÑизнавали "
+"иноÑÑÑаннÑÑ
авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав. Так поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¶Ðµ
кÑо-Ñо дÑÑгой должен ÑÑо делаÑÑ? "
+"ÐонеÑно, Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÐ¼, поÑемÑ: ÑÑо ÑаÑÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑкономиÑеÑкого гоÑподÑÑва, "
+"коÑоÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ»ÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑейÑиÑ
пÑедпÑиÑÑий
навÑзали вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÑалÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> And, furthermore, could one see this issue also in terms of "
+"communities? If I remember correctly, you have said that globalization in "
+"the economic sense does not seem to be a good way of promoting or "
+"distributing well-being."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Рдалее: нелÑÐ·Ñ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ
ÑаÑÑмоÑÑеÑÑ Ð² ÑеÑминаÑ
ÑообÑеÑÑв? "
+"ÐÑли Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ обманÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑ, вÑ
Ñказали, ÑÑо глобализаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² ÑкономиÑеÑком "
+"ÑмÑÑле не кажеÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑим ÑпоÑобом
ÑодейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑаÑпÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
+"благоÑоÑÑоÑниÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> There is nothing wrong with globalization in the abstract. What "
+"makes today's form of globalization so bad is not really the global aspect "
+"of it. It is that the WTO/IMF system subordinates all other interests to the "
+"interests of business. Laws to protect the environment, public health, "
+"workers' rights, and the general standard of living, are regularly swept "
+"aside. The result is a major transfer of wealth from most people to business "
+"owners. Paradoxically, it seems to be accompanied by reduced growth as well."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÑли ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ Ð°Ð±ÑÑÑакÑно, в
глобализаÑии Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего плоÑ
ого. ЧÑо "
+"Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½ÑнеÑнÑÑ ÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñии Ñакой
плоÑ
ой — ÑÑо в "
+"дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи не ее глобалÑнÑй аÑпекÑ.
ÐÑо Ñо, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема ÐТÐ/ÐÐФ "
+"подÑинÑÐµÑ Ð²Ñе дÑÑгие инÑеÑеÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑеÑам
деловÑÑ
кÑÑгов. ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð± оÑ
Ñане "
+"пÑиÑодÑ, здÑавооÑ
Ñанение, пÑава ÑÑÑдÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑедний ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¸ "
+"ÑиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑки оÑодвигаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑоÑонÑ. ÐÑо
пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº маÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑемеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
+"богаÑÑÑв Ð¾Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑва лÑдей к
владелÑÑам пÑедпÑиÑÑий. Ðак ни "
+"паÑадокÑалÑно, ÑÑо, по-видимомÑ,
ÑопÑовождаеÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ñнижением ÑоÑÑа."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The best way to understand today's “globalization” is as a "
+"system to transfer power from democratic governments to business, which only "
+"incidentally happens to be global. Elimination of trade barriers could be a "
+"good thing if accompanied by global labor standards, global environmental "
+"standards, global health care, a global minimum wage (even if not uniform), "
+"and global income taxes. If these were enforced world-wide with the same "
+"energy that the US pressures countries to use for copyright enforcement, we "
+"could have global trade, clean factories, and high wages. The world-wide "
+"free software community is an example of beneficial globalization: people "
+"share knowledge with the whole world."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÑÑе вÑего понÑÑÑ Ð½ÑнеÑнÑÑ
“глобализаÑиє можно, еÑли "
+"пÑедÑÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐµ как ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑемеÑениÑ
влаÑÑи Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÐºÑаÑиÑеÑкиÑ
"
+"пÑавиÑелÑÑÑв к деловÑм кÑÑгам, коÑоÑое
ÑолÑко по ÑлÑÑÐ°Ð¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
+"оказÑваеÑÑÑ Ð³Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð»ÑнÑм. УÑÑÑанение
ÑоÑговÑÑ
баÑÑеÑов могло Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑо, "
+"еÑли Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ ÑопÑовождалоÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑемиÑовÑми
ÑÑандаÑÑами ÑÑÑда, оÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑодÑ, "
+"здÑавооÑ
ÑанениÑ, минималÑной заÑабоÑной
плаÑÑ (даже еÑли Ð±Ñ ÑÑо не бÑло "
+"ÑниÑиÑиÑовано) и подоÑ
одного налога. ÐÑли
за иÑ
ÑоблÑдением Ñледили в "
+"миÑовом маÑÑÑабе Ñ Ñой же ÑнеÑгией, какÑÑ
СШРнаÑÑойÑиво ÑекомендÑÐµÑ ÑÑÑанам "
+"пÑименÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑледиÑÑ Ð·Ð°
ÑоблÑдением авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав, Ñо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ "
+"могла Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑоÑговлÑ, ÑиÑÑÑе
Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ вÑÑокие заÑплаÑÑ. ÐиÑовое "
+"ÑообÑеÑÑво Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ — пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ "
+"глобализаÑии: лÑди обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñми
Ñо вÑем миÑом."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Ethics"
+msgstr "ÐÑика"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> How is ethical “work” best done? It seems that you "
+"often invoke teachers like Buddha or Jesus as examples of a ethical way of "
+"life,"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Ðак лÑÑÑе вÑего вÑполнÑÑÑ
ÑÑиÑеÑкÑÑ “ÑабоÑÑ”? "
+"ÐажеÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ ÑаÑÑо обÑаÑаеÑеÑÑ Ðº Ñаким
ÑÑиÑелÑм, как ÐÑдда или Ð¥ÑиÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº к "
+"пÑимеÑам ÑÑиÑного обÑаза жизни."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> I never invoke Jesus. I am not a Christian and I don't "
+"especially admire Jesus. I admire Buddha somewhat more, but I don't invoke "
+"any teacher or hero as an <b>authority</b>, only perhaps as an <b>example</"
+"b>."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Я никогда не обÑаÑаÑÑÑ Ðº Ð¥ÑиÑÑÑ. Я
не Ñ
ÑиÑÑианин и не иÑпÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ "
+"оÑобого воÑÑ
иÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¥ÑиÑÑом. Я неÑколÑко
болÑÑе воÑÑ
иÑаÑÑÑ ÐÑддой, но Ñ Ð½Ðµ "
+"обÑаÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ к ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ геÑоÑ
как к <em>авÑоÑиÑеÑÑ</em>, ÑолÑко, "
+"Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, как к <em>пÑимеÑÑ</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> It is also clear that one of the fascinating and influential "
+"features of your work is that you live as you teach. Is that a conscious "
+"decision in the sense that you think that ethics is something that can be "
+"taught best through example?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ЯÑно Ñакже, ÑÑо одна из
завоÑаживаÑÑиÑ
и ÑбеждаÑÑиÑ
оÑобенноÑÑей "
+"ваÑей ÑабоÑÑ ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑе
Ñак, как ÑÑиÑе. ЯвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо "
+"ÑознаÑелÑнÑм ÑеÑением в Ñом ÑмÑÑле, ÑÑо вÑ
дÑмаеÑе, ÑÑо ÑÑика — "
+"ÑÑо ÑÑо-Ñо, ÑÑиÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð»ÑÑÑе вÑего,
показÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑимеÑ?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Not at all. I do write about my ethical ideas, and I would like "
+"to do it more and better if I could. Of course, it is necessary to live in "
+"conformity with one's principles, or one is a hypocrite and people can see "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐиÑколÑко. Я дейÑÑвиÑелÑно пиÑÑ Ð¾
ÑвоиÑ
ÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
пÑедÑÑавлениÑÑ
, "
+"и Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð» Ð±Ñ ÑÑо болÑÑе и лÑÑÑе, еÑли бÑ
мог. ÐонеÑно, необÑ
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+"ÑоглаÑии Ñо Ñвоими ÑобÑÑвеннÑми
пÑинÑипами, инаÑе ÑÑо лиÑемеÑие и лÑди "
+"поймÑÑ ÑÑо."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> If we say that the reason for ethical behaviour must be given in "
+"the public sphere, let's say through a social contract or something similar, "
+"and if we at the same time notice that the economical/commercial sphere is "
+"driven by “maximum profit”-type of principles, then we have to "
+"have some sort of separation between the public and the commercial world."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñим, ÑÑо пÑиÑина
ÑÑиÑного Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° лежаÑÑ Ð² "
+"обÑеÑÑвенной ÑÑеÑе, Ñкажем, поÑÑедÑÑвом
обÑеÑÑвенного договоÑа или Ñего-Ñо "
+"подобного, и еÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð² Ñо же вÑемÑ
замеÑаем, ÑÑо ÑкономиÑеÑкаÑ/коммеÑÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ "
+"ÑÑеÑа движима пÑинÑипами Ñипа
макÑималÑной пÑибÑли, Ñо нам пÑидеÑÑÑ
ввеÑÑи "
+"некоÑоÑого Ñода Ñаздел междÑ
обÑеÑÑвеннÑм и коммеÑÑеÑким миÑом."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> I don't follow this reasoning—I see no separation. Ethics "
+"applies to everyone, and the whole point of ethics is that some things you "
+"might selfishly wish to do are wrong, so you may not do them. This applies "
+"to group selfishness just as as to personal selfishness."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Я не Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ ÑÑого
ÑаÑÑÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ — Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð²Ð¸Ð¶Ñ Ñаздела. "
+"ÐÑика оÑноÑиÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ вÑем, и веÑÑ ÑмÑÑл
ÑÑики заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо какие-Ñо "
+"поÑÑÑпки, коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ ÑгоиÑÑиÑно
желаÑÑ ÑовеÑÑиÑÑ, дÑÑнÑ, Ñак ÑÑо "
+"вам нелÑÐ·Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑовеÑÑаÑÑ. РгÑÑпповомÑ
ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо оÑноÑиÑÑÑ ÑоÑно Ñак же, "
+"как и к лиÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑгоизмÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> … and then the commercial world would be something that "
+"almost by necessity corrupts the idea of freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ... а поÑом, коммеÑÑеÑкий Ð¼Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñл бÑ
Ñем-Ñо, ÑÑо поÑÑи Ñ "
+"необÑ
одимоÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÑаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Business does have that tendency. Corporations provide a "
+"mechanism to distill the selfishness out of people who, as individuals, are "
+"partly selfish but also have ethics to limit their selfishness. The result "
+"is selfishness that can often be unchecked by any ethics. To change this "
+"will require taking away the power of global business over governments."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b> У пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑва ÑакаÑ
ÑенденÑÐ¸Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ. ÐоÑпоÑаÑии "
+"пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑ
анизм ÑаÑиниÑованиÑ
Ñгоизма в лÑдÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑе как лиÑноÑÑи "
+"ÑаÑÑиÑно ÑгоиÑÑиÑнÑ, но в ниÑ
еÑÑÑ Ñакже
ÑÑика, огÑаниÑиваÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ñ
Ñгоизм. Ð "
+"ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе полÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ñгоизм, коÑоÑÑй
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑаÑÑо не ÑдеÑживаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ "
+"ÑÑикой. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÑо, поÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ
оÑнÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ñового "
+"пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑва влаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑвами."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> Reading Steven Levy's Hackers once again, I was struck by one "
+"issue: the hackers as displayed in the book are mostly concerned with the "
+"hacker ethic in so far as it concerns “tools to make tools”."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐеÑеÑиÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ “ХакеÑов”
СÑивена Ðеви, Ñ Ð±Ñл поÑажен "
+"одним обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑвом: Ñ
акеÑÑ, как они
опиÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð² книге, по болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи "
+"забоÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ Ñ
акеÑÑкой ÑÑике поÑÑолÑкÑ,
поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо каÑаеÑÑÑ “"
+"инÑÑÑÑменÑов Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑоизводÑÑва
инÑÑÑÑменÑов”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> I don't think so. A number of our programs were tools for making "
+"programs, but very few were specifically “tools to make tools”. "
+"Why were many of them tools? Because hackers writing programs get ideas for "
+"better ways to do that. What computer hackers do is program. So they get "
+"excited about anything that makes programming easier."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. Я Ñак не дÑмаÑ. ÐекоÑоÑое ÑиÑло
наÑиÑ
пÑогÑамм бÑло инÑÑÑÑменÑами "
+"Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑоизводÑÑва пÑогÑамм, но оÑенÑ
немногие бÑли в ÑоÑноÑÑи “"
+"инÑÑÑÑменÑами Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑоизводÑÑва
инÑÑÑÑменÑов”. ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ðµ из ниÑ
"
+"бÑли инÑÑÑÑменÑами? ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ
акеÑам,
пиÑÑÑим пÑогÑаммÑ, пÑиÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² "
+"головÑ, как ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑой ÑабоÑÑ.
ÐомпÑÑÑеÑнÑе Ñ
акеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑÑ "
+"именно пÑогÑаммиÑованием. Так ÑÑо иÑ
пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² воÑÑоÑг поÑÑи вÑе, ÑÑо "
+"облегÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑование."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a hacker does square dancing, he would get excited about anything on the "
+"computer that is helpful for square dancing. He might write a program to "
+"help people learn square dancing. This indeed has happened. A few computer "
+"hackers do square dancing, but all computer hackers program. So a few are "
+"interested in writing programs for square dancing, but many are interested "
+"in programs they can use while programming."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑли Ñ
Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑиканÑкими
ÑанÑами, его пÑиводило Ð±Ñ Ð² воÑÑоÑг "
+"поÑÑи вÑе в компÑÑÑеÑе, ÑÑо полезно длÑ
амеÑиканÑкиÑ
ÑанÑев. Ðн мог Ð±Ñ "
+"напиÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñи лÑдÑм в
обÑÑении ÑÑим ÑанÑам. ÐÑо и пÑоизоÑло. "
+"ÐеÑколÑко компÑÑÑеÑнÑÑ
Ñ
акеÑов
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+"компÑÑÑеÑнÑе Ñ
акеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑÑÑÑ. Так
ÑÑо неÑколÑко из ниÑ
инÑеÑеÑÑÑÑÑÑ "
+"напиÑанием пÑогÑамм Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑиканÑкиÑ
ÑанÑев, но многие инÑеÑеÑÑÑÑÑÑ "
+"пÑогÑаммами, коÑоÑÑми они могÑÑ
воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñи пÑогÑаммиÑовании."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> Levy is not too hard on the point, but the unscrupulousness with "
+"which the early <abbr>MIT</abbr> hackers accepted the Department of Defence "
+"funding is a case in point."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Ðеви не оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑпиÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо, но
беÑпÑинÑипноÑÑÑ, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой "
+"Ñанние Ñ
акеÑÑ MIT пÑинÑли ÑинанÑиÑование
Ñо ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÐиниÑÑеÑÑÑва обоÑонÑ, "
+"Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑлÑжиÑÑ Ñ
аÑакÑеÑнÑм пÑимеÑом."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Some of the hackers were uncomfortable with DoD funding at the "
+"time, but they did not go so far as to rebel against it (by quitting, say). "
+"I disagreed with them I don't think it was wrong to accept that funding, and "
+"I did not think it wrong at the time. Corporate funding is far more "
+"dangerous."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐекоÑоÑÑм из Ñ
акеÑов в Ñо вÑемÑ
бÑло не по дÑÑе ÑинанÑиÑование Ñо "
+"ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÐиниÑÑеÑÑÑва обоÑонÑ, но они не
заÑли наÑÑолÑко далеко, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
+"воÑÑÑаваÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив ÑÑого (Ñкажем,
ÑволÑнÑÑÑÑ). Я бÑл Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ не ÑоглаÑен, Ñ Ð½Ðµ "
+"дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо бÑло плоÑ
о пÑинимаÑÑ ÑÑо
ÑинанÑиÑование, да и в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ "
+"дÑмал, ÑÑо ÑÑо плоÑ
о. ФинанÑиÑование Ñо
ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑпоÑаÑий гоÑаздо опаÑнее."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So I would not call them unscrupulous for having accepted this funding."
+msgstr ""
+"Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑал Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
беÑпÑинÑипнÑми за Ñо, ÑÑо они пÑинÑли ÑÑи "
+"ÑÑедÑÑва."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> This reminds of the “instrumental rationality” that "
+"the Frankfurt school of critical theorists talked about; rationality that "
+"pertains to tools, but not goals."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐÑо Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ “ÑаÑионалÑноÑÑÑ
оÑÑдиє, о коÑоÑой "
+"говоÑила ФÑанкÑÑÑÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñкола кÑиÑиÑеÑкиÑ
ÑеоÑеÑиков; ÑаÑионалÑноÑÑÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ "
+"напÑавлена на ÑÑедÑÑва, но не на Ñели."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Engineers of all kinds are famous for this; I am not sure it is "
+"more true of hackers than others."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÑим извеÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑпеÑиалÑноÑÑей; Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑвеÑен, ÑÑо в "
+"оÑноÑении Ñ
акеÑов ÑÑо более веÑно, Ñем в
оÑноÑении дÑÑгиÑ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> So, this brings me to the question, if ethics is about goals and "
+"about content, what exactly is the society or community that Free Software "
+"promotes?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. ÐÑак, ÑÑо Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ðº вопÑоÑÑ:
еÑли ÑÑика ÑаÑÑмаÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñели "
+"и ÑодеÑжание, Ñо каково в ÑоÑноÑÑи
обÑеÑÑво или ÑообÑеÑÑво, коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ "
+"ÑпоÑобÑÑвÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> My goal is that we help each other to live better together. "
+"Advancing human knowledge is a part of this; making sure it is available to "
+"everyone is a part of this; encouraging the spirit of cooperation is a part "
+"of this. Those goals apply to various parts of life, but in the area of "
+"software they direct one towards free software."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ
помогали дÑÑг дÑÑÐ³Ñ Ð»ÑÑÑе жиÑÑ "
+"вмеÑÑе. Ðдной из ÑÑоÑон ÑÑого ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
пÑогÑеÑÑ ÑеловеÑеÑкого знаниÑ; дÑÑгой "
+"ÑÑоÑоной ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑÐ¸Ñ Ñого, ÑÑо оно
доÑÑÑпно каждомÑ; еÑе одна "
+"ÑÑоÑона — пооÑÑение дÑÑ
а
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва. ÐÑи Ñели можно поÑÑавиÑÑ "
+"в оÑноÑении ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
ÑÑоÑон жизни, но в
облаÑÑи пÑогÑаммиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ ведÑÑ "
+"к ÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммам."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> When and how did you notice that the Tools to Make Tools-attitude "
+"is not enough?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Ðогда и как Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑили, ÑÑо
оÑноÑение “инÑÑÑÑменÑов Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"пÑоизводÑÑва инÑÑÑÑменÑов” — ÑÑо
еÑе не вÑе?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> That just tools without thinking of what to do with them is one "
+"I picked up this idea in my teens, I think. It was well known in the 60s; "
+"one did not have to be especially searching to happen across it then. I "
+"think of the Tom Lehrer song, “Werner von Braun”:"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ЧÑо ÑÑо пÑоÑÑо инÑÑÑÑменÑÑ, не
дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ делаÑÑ, ÑÑо "
+"мÑÑлÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ
ваÑил, по-моемÑ, когда
Ñ Ð±Ñл подÑоÑÑком. Ðна бÑла на "
+"ÑлÑÑ
Ñ Ð² ÑеÑÑидеÑÑÑÑÑ
; ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° нее
наÑкнÑÑÑÑÑ, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ нÑжно бÑло "
+"долго иÑкаÑÑ. Я Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐ½Ñ Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ð° ÐеÑеÑа
“ÐеÑÐ½ÐµÑ Ñон ÐÑаÑн”:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "I send rockets up, but where they come down"
+msgstr "“Я — на пÑÑке ÑакеÑ, а кÑда они
Ñели—"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "is not my department, says Werner von Braun."
+msgstr "ÐÑо ÑеÑаÑÑ Ð² дÑÑгом оÑделе”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Lots of people heard this song."
+msgstr "ÐÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐ½Ñ ÑлÑÑали многие."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> And, maybe most interestingly, how do you combine the two, the "
+"hacking that is intense and interesting and the ethical real-world work, "
+"that is often tenuous and boring?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Ð, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Ñамое инÑеÑеÑное, как
Ð²Ñ ÑоÑеÑаеÑе Ñо и дÑÑгое, "
+"Ñ
акеÑÑÑво, коÑоÑое заÑ
ваÑÑваÑÑе
инÑеÑеÑно, и ÑеÑÑезнÑÑ ÑÑиÑеÑкÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ, "
+"коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑаÑÑо ÑÑомиÑелÑна и ÑкÑÑна?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Here you seem to assume that hacking is neither ethical nor real-"
+"world. I disagree with both assumptions. By the way, some parts of "
+"developing and releasing a working program are tedious; they are not merely "
+"boring, they are frustrating. But hackers by the thousands in the free "
+"software community do these tasks in order to release working and reliable "
+"free software."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐдеÑÑ Ð²Ñ, кажеÑÑÑ, пÑедполагаеÑе,
ÑÑо Ñ
акеÑÑÑво не оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ "
+"ÑÑиÑеÑкой, ни к ÑеÑÑезной ÑабоÑе. Я не
ÑоглаÑен Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÑими "
+"пÑедположениÑми. ÐÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим, некоÑоÑÑе
ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки и вÑпÑÑка "
+"ÑабоÑаÑÑей пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑомиÑелÑнÑ; они не
пÑоÑÑо ÑкÑÑнÑ, они неблагодаÑнÑ. "
+"Ðо ÑÑÑÑÑи Ñ
акеÑов в ÑообÑеÑÑве Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ "
+"ÑÑи ÑабоÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑкаÑÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑие и
надежнÑе ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>TV:</b> I think this is even quite common in fields like computer "
+"science, physics, mathematics, philosophy, where the austerity and purity of "
+"the formalism give an intense pleasure of a ‘non-earthly’ kind. "
+"Is there a link? Should there be? And how do you bridge the two?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ТÐ</b>. Я дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо даже вполне обÑÑно
в ÑакиÑ
облаÑÑÑÑ
, как "
+"вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑ
ника, Ñизика,
маÑемаÑика, ÑилоÑоÑиÑ, где ÑÑÑогоÑÑÑ Ð¸ "
+"ÑиÑÑоÑа ÑоÑмализма даÑÑ ÑÑкие
наÑÐ»Ð°Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ “неземного” Ñода. ÐÑÑÑ "
+"ли здеÑÑ ÑвÑзÑ? Ðолжна ли она ÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ? Ð
как Ð²Ñ ÑоединÑеÑе Ñо и дÑÑгое?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS:</b> Is there a link between the pleasure of pure math and the rest "
+"of life? No, I see very little connection, and why should there be one?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РС</b>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑвÑÐ·Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñлаждением
Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑой маÑемаÑики и оÑÑалÑной "
+"жизнÑÑ? ÐеÑ, Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð²Ð¸Ð¶Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи никакой ÑвÑзи,
а поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð° должна бÑÑÑ?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I enjoy folk dancing, as well as pure math. There is very little link "
+"between either of those pleasures and the rest of what I do. Why should "
+"there be? They are both harmless. Is there a “gap” that I need "
+"to “bridge”?"
+msgstr ""
+"Я лÑÐ±Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑоднÑе ÑанÑÑ, как и ÑиÑÑÑÑ
маÑемаÑикÑ. ÐÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð»ÑбÑм из ÑÑиÑ
"
+"наÑлаждений Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи никакой ÑвÑзи Ñ Ñем
оÑÑалÑнÑм, Ñем Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑ. ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ "
+"она должна бÑÑÑ? Ð Ñо, и дÑÑгое безвÑедно. Ð
азве еÑÑÑ “"
+"пÑопаÑÑÑ”, ÑеÑез коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ нÑжно
“пÑоÑÑнÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ”?"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a href=\"mailto:"
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ Ñондом."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
"
+"пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм
и каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ "
+"возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ "
+"пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. </p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
кооÑдинаÑии и "
+"пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
<a href=\"/server/standards/README."
+"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2002 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2002 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2013 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru\">лиÑензии Creative
"
+"Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ — Ðез
пÑоизводнÑÑ
"
+"пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ "
+"можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о "
+"найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru"
+"\">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе пеÑеводов gnu.org</a>.</em>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Ðбновлено:"
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