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Subject: |
www/philosophy po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.... |
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Date: |
Tue, 23 Jul 2013 10:30:49 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/07/23 10:30:49
Modified files:
philosophy/po : digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.po
digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist
fs-translations.translist rms-aj.ru.po
rms-aj.translist
Added files:
philosophy : digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.html
fs-translations.ru.html rms-aj.ru.html
philosophy/po : digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru-en.html
fs-translations.ru-en.html rms-aj.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
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http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/fs-translations.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-aj.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-translations.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-aj.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-aj.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-translations.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-aj.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.po 23 Jul 2013 10:12:24 -0000
1.1
+++ po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.po 23 Jul 2013 10:30:48 -0000
1.2
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-07-23 17:00+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-06-03 07:52+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
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@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@
msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@
msgid ""
"Digital surveillance systems are spreading. The UK uses computers with "
"cameras to track all car travel. China plans to identify and photograph "
-"everyone that uses an Internet cafe.<a name=\"tex2html1\" href=\"#foot100"
-"\"><sup>1</sup></a>"
+"everyone that uses an Internet cafe.<a name=\"tex2html1\" href="
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@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@
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@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@
"opposition as “terrorists,” and using supposed “anti-"
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-"infiltrated a wide range of political opposition groups.<a name=\"tex2html7"
-"\" href=\"#foot103\"><sup>4</sup></a>"
+"infiltrated a wide range of political opposition groups.<a name="
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msgstr ""
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@@ -204,13 +204,13 @@
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "CENSORSHIP"
@@ -303,21 +303,20 @@
msgid ""
"Censorship of the contents of web sites is also a threat. India just "
"announced a broad plan of censorship that would effectively abolish freedom "
-"of the press on the Internet.<a name=\"tex2html22\" href=\"#foot110"
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"ЦензÑÑа ÑодеÑжимого ÑайÑов Ñакже
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some European countries censor particular political views on the Internet. "
"In the United States, people have been imprisoned as “"
"terrorists” for running a web site which discussed actions taken "
-"against experiments on animals.<a name=\"tex2html24\" href=\"#foot28"
-"\"><sup>13</sup></a>"
+"against experiments on animals.<a name=\"tex2html24\" href="
+"\"#foot28\"><sup>13</sup></a>"
msgstr ""
"ÐекоÑоÑÑе евÑопейÑкие ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÑ
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@@ -333,19 +332,18 @@
"never to see such a thing again. But that does not justify censoring it; no "
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"excuse is “protecting children,” which plays to the exaggerated "
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-"\"><sup>14</sup></a>"
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msgstr ""
"ÐÑÑгое ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненное опÑавдание
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <h4>
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#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
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+"html\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… programs,<a href=\"#tex2html34\"><sup>18</sup></a>"
@@ -1764,9 +1757,7 @@
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
msgid "See <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org\";>http://directory.fsf.org</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org\";>http://";
-"directory.fsf.org</a>."
+msgstr "См. <a
href=\"http://directory.fsf.org\";>http://directory.fsf.org</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… users<a href=\"#tex2html36\"><sup>19</sup></a>"
@@ -1777,8 +1768,8 @@
"See <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption\";>http://en.";
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption";
-"\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption</a>."
+"См. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption\";> http://en.";
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… GNU/Linux<a href=\"#tex2html38\"><sup>20</sup></a>"
@@ -1789,8 +1780,8 @@
"See <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">http://gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.";
"html</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> http://gnu.org/";
-"gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html</a>."
+"См. <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> http://gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.";
+"html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… volunteers.<a href=\"#tex2html40\"><sup>21</sup></a>"
@@ -1801,8 +1792,8 @@
"See <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-";
"motives.html</a> for some of their motives."
msgstr ""
-"ÐекоÑоÑÑе моÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ñм. на <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives."
-"html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html</a>."
+"ÐекоÑоÑÑе моÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ñм. на <a
href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\"> http://www.";
+"gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… user,<a href=\"#tex2html43\"><sup>22</sup></a>"
@@ -1824,9 +1815,7 @@
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
msgid "See <a href=\"http://badvista.org\";>http://badvista.org</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://badvista.org\";>http://badvista.org</"
-"a>."
+msgstr "См. <a href=\"http://badvista.org\";>http://badvista.org</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… time.<a href=\"#tex2html47\"><sup>24</sup></a>"
@@ -1838,9 +1827,9 @@
"articleID=201806263\">http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?";
"articleID=201806263</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/news/";
-"showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201806263\">http://www.informationweek.com/news/";
-"showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201806263</a>."
+"См. <a href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?";
+"articleID=201806263\">http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?";
+"articleID=201806263</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… own.<a href=\"#tex2html49\"><sup>25</sup></a>"
@@ -1852,10 +1841,9 @@
"microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html\">http://voices.washingtonpost.com/";
"securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://voices.washingtonpost.com/";
-"securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html\">http://voices.";
-"washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html</"
-"a>."
+"См. <a href=\"http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/";
+"microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html\">http://voices.washingtonpost.com/";
+"securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… reference.<a href=\"#tex2html51\"><sup>26</sup></a>"
@@ -1870,9 +1858,9 @@
"IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf</a>."
msgstr ""
"СÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑоÑма, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑоÑеÑÑÑ
на маÑине, доÑÑÑпна ÑолÑко в "
-"“аÑендє; <a href=\"http://www.smpte.org/";
-"sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments."
-"pdf\"> http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/";
+"“аÑендє; <a
href=\"http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/";
+"IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf\"> http://www.";
+"smpte.org/sites/default/files/"
"IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
@@ -1883,13 +1871,13 @@
msgid ""
"See <a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20120307122114/http://www.mpegla.";
"com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf\"> "
-"http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-";
-"17_pr.pdf</a> (archived)."
+"http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/";
+"n_06-08-17_pr.pdf</a> (archived)."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20120307122114/";
-"http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-";
-"17_pr.pdf\"> http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/";
-"Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf</a> (аÑÑ
ивиÑовано)."
+"См. <a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20120307122114/http://www.mpegla.";
+"com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf\"> "
+"http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/";
+"n_06-08-17_pr.pdf</a> (аÑÑ
ивиÑовано)."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… million.<a href=\"#tex2html56\"><sup>28</sup></a>"
@@ -1901,9 +1889,9 @@
"retrial-verdict.ars\">http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-";
"thomas-retrial-verdict.ars</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/";
-"news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars\">http://arstechnica.com/tech-";
-"policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars</a>."
+"См. <a
href=\"http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-";
+"retrial-verdict.ars\">http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-";
+"thomas-retrial-verdict.ars</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… Council.<a href=\"#tex2html58\"><sup>29</sup></a>"
@@ -1915,9 +1903,9 @@
"killed-by-highest-court\">http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-";
"three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-";
-"dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court\">http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/";
-"hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court</a>."
+"См. <a href=\"http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-";
+"killed-by-highest-court\">http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-";
+"three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… them.<a href=\"#tex2html60\"><sup>30</sup></a>"
@@ -1930,10 +1918,10 @@
"policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied."
"ars</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/";
-"news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars"
-"\">http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-";
-"secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars</a>."
+"См. <a
href=\"http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-";
+"list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars\">http://arstechnica.com/tech-";
+"policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied."
+"ars</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… “piracy,”<a href=\"#tex2html62\"><sup>31</sup></a>"
@@ -1944,8 +1932,8 @@
"See <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-"
"avoid.html</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">gnu.org/"
-"philosophy/words-to-avoid.html</a>."
+"См. <a
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-"
+"avoid.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… property,”<a href=\"#tex2html64\"><sup>32</sup></a>"
@@ -1956,9 +1944,8 @@
"See <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">http://gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.";
"html</a> for why this propaganda term is harmful."
msgstr ""
-"См. на <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">http://gnu.";
-"org/philosophy/not-ipr.html</a>, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо
пÑопагандиÑÑÑкое вÑÑажение "
-"вÑедно."
+"См. на <a
href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">http://gnu.org/philosophy/not-";
+"ipr.html</a>, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо пÑопагандиÑÑÑкое
вÑÑажение вÑедно."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… purpose.<a href=\"#tex2html66\"><sup>33</sup></a>"
@@ -1969,8 +1956,8 @@
"See <a href=\"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html\";>http://www.cl.";
"cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.";
-"html\">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>."
+"См. <a href=\"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html\";>http://www.cl.";
+"cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… DRM.<a href=\"#tex2html68\"><sup>34</sup></a>"
@@ -1993,9 +1980,8 @@
"See <a href=\"http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html";
"\">http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-";
-"pythons-free-w.html\">http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-";
-"free-w.html</a>."
+"См. <a
href=\"http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html";
+"\">http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… charge.<a href=\"#tex2html72\"><sup>36</sup></a>"
@@ -2007,9 +1993,9 @@
"decide-what-feels-right-pricing\">http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-";
"jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-";
-"jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing\">http://www.37signals.com/";
-"svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing</a>."
+"См. <a href=\"http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-";
+"decide-what-feels-right-pricing\">http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-";
+"jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… days.<a href=\"#tex2html74\"><sup>37</sup></a>"
@@ -2020,9 +2006,8 @@
"See <a href=\"http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";
"\">http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-";
-"inch-nails-made.html\">http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-";
-"made.html</a>."
+"См. <a
href=\"http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";
+"\">http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… support.<a href=\"#tex2html76\"><sup>38</sup></a>"
@@ -2033,9 +2018,8 @@
"See <a href=\"http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.";
"php\">http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/";
-"archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php\">http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/";
-"archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php</a>."
+"См. <a
href=\"http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.";
+"php\">http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… revenue.<a href=\"#tex2html78\"><sup>39</sup></a>"
@@ -2046,8 +2030,8 @@
"See <a href=\"/philosophy/dat.html\">http://gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html</a> "
"for my 1992 proposal."
msgstr ""
-"Ðое пÑедложение 1992 года Ñм. на <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/dat.html\"> http://gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html</a>."
+"Ðое пÑедложение 1992 года Ñм. на <a
href=\"/philosophy/dat.html\"> "
+"http://gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "… Muguet<a href=\"#tex2html80\"><sup>40</sup></a>"
@@ -2070,8 +2054,8 @@
"See <a href=\"http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html\";>http://";
"stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html</a>."
msgstr ""
-"См. <a href=\"http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-";
-"patronage.html\">http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html</a>."
+"См. <a href=\"http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html\";>http://";
+"stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html</a>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
Index: po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist 28 Apr 2013 13:28:53 -0000
1.8
+++ po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist 23 Jul 2013 10:30:48 -0000
1.9
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: po/fs-translations.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-translations.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- po/fs-translations.translist 22 Mar 2013 08:02:21 -0000 1.9
+++ po/fs-translations.translist 23 Jul 2013 10:30:48 -0000 1.10
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ja" hreflang="ja"
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ko" hreflang="ko"
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/philosophy/fs-translations.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</span>
Index: po/rms-aj.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-aj.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/rms-aj.ru.po 23 Jul 2013 10:12:24 -0000 1.1
+++ po/rms-aj.ru.po 23 Jul 2013 10:30:48 -0000 1.2
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: rms-aj.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-03-07 12:25-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-07-23 04:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-07-23 17:17+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@
"in '74 with a BA in physics and received many awards, doctorates and "
"professorships for extensive work."
msgstr ""
-"Так воÑ, дÑÑзÑÑ, ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
кое-ÑÑо по-наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑеÑное: "
-"когда говоÑÑÑ Ð¾ деÑÑÑи лÑдÑÑ
в облаÑÑи
ÐнÑеÑнеÑа, коÑоÑÑе ÑеÑÑезно изменили "
-"наÑи воззÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑолÑко ÑазнÑÑ
веÑей,
ÑпоминаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑоÑа РиÑаÑда СÑолмена. "
-"ÐÑо ÑазÑабоÑÑик пÑогÑамм и акÑивиÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм, он "
+"Так воÑ, дÑÑзÑÑ, ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
кое-ÑÑо по-наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ "
+"инÑеÑеÑное: когда говоÑÑÑ Ð¾ деÑÑÑи лÑдÑÑ
в
облаÑÑи ÐнÑеÑнеÑа, коÑоÑÑе "
+"ÑеÑÑезно изменили наÑи воззÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑÑолÑко ÑазнÑÑ
веÑей, ÑпоминаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑоÑа "
+"РиÑаÑда СÑолмена. ÐÑо ÑазÑабоÑÑик
пÑогÑамм и акÑивиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм, он "
"полÑÑил диплом бакалавÑа по Ñизике в
ÐаÑваÑде в ÑемÑдеÑÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑÑом годÑ; за "
"вÑдаÑÑиеÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñло
пÑиÑÑждено много пÑемий, и многие
инÑÑиÑÑÑÑ "
"пÑиÑвоили ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑеÑнÑе Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑоÑа и
пÑоÑеÑÑоÑа."
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@
"the free software movement."
msgstr ""
"Ð ÑнваÑе воÑемÑдеÑÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑÑого года он
ÑволилÑÑ Ð¸Ð· MIT, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ "
-"над опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемой GNU, коÑоÑаÑ
задÑмÑвалаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑовокÑпноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ "
-"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, и Ñ ÑеÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
беÑÑменнÑм ÑÑководиÑелем ÑÑого "
-"пÑоекÑа. ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен наÑал Ñакже
движение за Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное "
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задÑмÑвалаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑовокÑпноÑÑÑ "
+"полноÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, и Ñ ÑеÑ
поÑ
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑÑменнÑм ÑÑководиÑелем "
+"ÑÑого пÑоекÑа. ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен наÑал Ñакже
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#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
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"обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (и Ñлава богÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ниÑего Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑабоÑало, еÑли Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾ "
"ÑиÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑали на Ñом, Ñем Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑмиÑ
Microsoft — Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñего не "
"Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, но ÑÑо Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ), а в
1999 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен пÑизвал к "
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msgid "Updated:"
Index: po/rms-aj.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-aj.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/rms-aj.translist 9 Jul 2013 11:02:20 -0000 1.7
+++ po/rms-aj.translist 23 Jul 2013 10:30:48 -0000 1.8
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/rms-aj.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/rms-aj.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/rms-aj.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.html
diff -N digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru.html 23 Jul 2013 10:30:47 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.en.html" -->
+
+<title>ÐпаÑноÑÑи ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
ники: как иÑ
избежаÑÑ?</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>ÐпаÑноÑÑи ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
ники: как иÑ
избежаÑÑ?</h2>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</a>
+<br />пÑедÑедаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¤Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ð° Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="intro">Ðведение</h3>
+
+<p>ТеÑ
ника ÑиÑÑовой ÑвÑзи ÑоздаеÑ
возможноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ миÑа
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конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¸ Ñлежки, над коÑоÑÑми
+дикÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑлого могли ÑолÑко биÑÑÑÑ.
СейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ ÑÑажение за Ñо, какие из
+ÑÑиÑ
возможноÑÑей бÑдÑÑ ÑеализованÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ, напÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° “оÑ
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+href="#foot104"><sup>5</sup></a>. Ðозднее в ÐÑане
пÑоÑеÑÑанÑÑ, ÑÑебовавÑие
+новÑÑ
вÑбоÑов, бÑли названÑ
“ÑеÑÑоÑиÑÑами”<a name="tex2html11"
+href="#foot105"><sup>6</sup></a>. ÐенеÑалÑ, коÑоÑÑе
пÑавили болÑÑей ÑаÑÑÑÑ
+Южной ÐÑÑики в ÑемидеÑÑÑÑÑ
годаÑ
XX века,
пÑедлагали в ÑоÑноÑÑи Ñакое
+же опÑавдание Ñвоим ÑиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑким
ÑбийÑÑвам диÑÑиденÑов<a
+name="tex2html13" href="#foot20"><sup>7</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Свободное обÑеÑÑво не гаÑанÑиÑÑеÑ
анонимноÑÑÑ Ñого, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑе вне
+Ñвоего дома: вÑегда возможно, ÑÑо кÑо-Ñо
замеÑиÑ, кÑда Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑли по ÑлиÑе,
+или ÑÑо пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð²ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ð¸Ñ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ ÐºÑпили.
ÐÑи ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑазÑозненÑ, они не
+ÑобÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð² гоÑовом Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ðµ.
СÑÑик Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñи лÑдей, коÑоÑÑе
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑили, и ÑаÑÑпÑоÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
об ÑÑом;
каждÑй Ñеловек Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑказаÑÑ, а
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо он о Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ. ÐеобÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого ÑабоÑа
+огÑаниÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñо, наÑколÑко ÑаÑÑо ÑÑо
пÑедпÑинимаеÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐапÑоÑив, ÑиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑиÑÑоваÑ
Ñлежка ÑобиÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñе ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ вÑеÑ
в
+виде, Ñдобном Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñгодно
пÑименениÑ, бÑÐ´Ñ Ñо ÑÑноÑнÑе иÑÑледованиÑ,
+внедÑение в ÑообÑеÑÑво или аÑеÑÑ
неÑоглаÑнÑÑ
. ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´
+ÑгÑÐ¾Ð·Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва Ñо ÑÑоÑонÑ
наÑода, Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±Ð¾ÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив
+Ñлежки незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого, пÑоÑивоÑÑоим мÑ
ÑекÑÑей полиÑике гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва или
+поддеÑживаем ее. УÑиÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑлежкÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ
пÑоводÑÑ ÑоÑовÑе ÑелеÑонÑ, Ñ
+пÑиÑел к заклÑÑениÑ, ÑÑо мой долг —
оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ Ñакой
+ÑелеÑон, неÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑдобÑÑво, коÑоÑое он
пÑедоÑÑавил бÑ. У Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð¾
+ÑекÑеÑов, каÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¸Ñ
поездок,
болÑÑинÑÑво из коÑоÑÑÑ
пÑедпÑинимаеÑÑÑ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑблиÑно обÑÑвлÑемÑÑ
вÑÑÑÑплений, но
нам надо боÑоÑÑÑÑ Ñо Ñлежкой, даже
+еÑли ее ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ, когда Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ
оÑобеннÑÑ
ÑекÑеÑов, коÑоÑÑе нÑжно
+бÑло Ð±Ñ Ñ
ÑаниÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>СиÑÑема Ñлежки за ÑÑанÑпоÑÑнÑми
поÑоками ÐеликобÑиÑании Ñже пÑименÑлаÑÑ
+пÑоÑив полиÑиÑеÑкиÑ
диÑÑиденÑов<a
name="tex2html14"
+href="#foot106"><sup>8</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="censorship">ЦензÑÑа</h3>
+
+<p>Ðогда ÑпоминаеÑÑÑ Ñема ÑензÑÑÑ Ð²
ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, лÑдÑм обÑÑно пÑиÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² головÑ
+ÐиÑай, но ÑензÑÑÑ Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ и многие ÑÑÑанÑ,
ÑÐºÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑважаÑÑие ÑвободÑ. ÐаÑÑкое
+пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво блокиÑовало доÑÑÑп к
ÑекÑеÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑпиÑÐºÑ ÑÑÑаниÑ
+ÐнÑеÑнеÑа. ÐвÑÑÑалийÑкое пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво Ñ
оÑÐµÑ ÑделаÑÑ Ñо же Ñамое, но оно
+вÑÑÑеÑило ÑилÑное ÑопÑоÑивление, Ñак ÑÑо
вмеÑÑо ÑÑого оно запÑеÑило ÑÑÑлки
+на длиннÑй ÑпиÑок ÑÑÑаниÑ. ÐÑганизаÑиÑ
“ÐлекÑÑоннÑе ÑÑбежи
+ÐвÑÑÑалии” заÑÑавили под ÑÑÑаÑ
ом
ÑÑÑаÑа в 11 ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑÑÑалийÑкиÑ
+доллаÑов в Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑдалиÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ»ÐºÑ Ð½Ð°
полиÑиÑеÑкий ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑив абоÑÑов<a
+name="tex2html16" href="#foot107"><sup>9</sup></a>. ÐаÑÑкий
ÑекÑеÑнÑй ÑпиÑок
+запÑеÑеннÑÑ
ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑил оглаÑÐºÑ Ð¸ бÑл
опÑбликован на Wikileaks; ÑÑа
+ÑÑÑаниÑа ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
одиÑÑÑ Ð² авÑÑÑалийÑком
ÑпиÑке запÑеÑенного<a
+name="tex2html18" href="#foot108"><sup>10</sup></a>. ÐеÑманиÑ
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑÑи
+к запÑÑÐºÑ ÑензÑÑÑ Ð² ÐнÑеÑнеÑе<a name="tex2html20"
+href="#foot109"><sup>11</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ЦензÑÑа ÑодеÑжимого ÑайÑов Ñакже
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÑгÑозÑ. ÐÐ½Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑолÑко ÑÑо
+обÑÑвила о ÑиÑоком плане ÑензÑÑÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
ÑакÑиÑеÑки ÑпÑазднила Ð±Ñ ÑвободÑ
+пеÑаÑи в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе<a name="tex2html22"
href="#foot110"><sup>12</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе евÑопейÑкие ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÑ
ÑензÑÑÑ Ð² ÐнÑеÑнеÑе на опÑеделеннÑе
+полиÑиÑеÑкие воззÑениÑ. РСоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑаÑ
лÑдей бÑоÑили в ÑÑÑÑÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
+“ÑеÑÑоÑиÑÑов” за оÑганизаÑÐ¸Ñ ÑайÑа,
на коÑоÑом обÑÑждалиÑÑ
+дейÑÑвиÑ, пÑедпÑинимаемÑе пÑоÑив
ÑкÑпеÑименÑов над живоÑнÑми<a
+name="tex2html24" href="#foot28"><sup>13</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑгое ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненное опÑавдание
ÑензÑÑÑ — заÑвление о Ñом, ÑÑо
+“непÑилиÑнÑе” пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑнÑ. Я
ÑоглаÑен, ÑÑо некоÑоÑÑе
+ÑабоÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑилиÑнÑ; напÑимеÑ, менÑ
возмÑÑило оÑвÑаÑиÑелÑное наÑилие в ÑилÑме
+“ÐÑиминалÑное ÑÑиво”, и Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑаÑаÑÑÑ
никогда болÑÑе не ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ
+ниÑего подобного. Ðо ÑÑо не опÑавдÑваеÑ
наложение на ÑÑо ÑензÑÑÑ; как бÑ
+непÑилиÑно ни бÑло пÑоизведение, ÑензÑÑа
еÑе более непÑилиÑна. ÐаÑÐ¸Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÑого
+опÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ — “заÑиÑа деÑей”,
коÑоÑÑй игÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
+пÑеÑвелиÑенном и по болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи невеÑно
напÑавленном ÑÑÑаÑ
е ÑодиÑелей<a
+name="tex2html25" href="#foot111"><sup>14</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑензÑÑе Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего нового. Ðова
легкоÑÑÑ Ð¸ дейÑÑвенноÑÑÑ ÑензÑÑÑ,
+налагаемой на ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ ÑвÑÐ·Ñ Ð¸
пÑбликаÑии (даже когда Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ
+кÑдеÑников еÑÑÑ ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÐµÐµ обойÑи). ÐиÑай в
1960 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÑ
+дейÑÑвенной ÑензÑÑÑ, оÑÑезав Ñвое
наÑеление Ð¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ñа, но ÑÑо задеÑжало
+ÑазвиÑие ÑÑÑанÑ, ÑÑо бÑло болезненно как
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñежима, Ñак и длÑ
+наÑелениÑ. Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐиÑай пÑименÑеÑ
ÑиÑÑовÑÑ ÑеÑ
никÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ
+дейÑÑвенной полиÑиÑеÑкой ÑензÑÑÑ, не
оÑÑÐµÐ·Ð°Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ñа в дÑÑгиÑ
+оÑноÑениÑÑ
<a name="tex2html27" href="#foot112"><sup>15</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="control">ÐÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ
конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе</h3>
+
+<p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов бÑла
Ñвобода в иÑ
ÑобÑÑвенной
+вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной деÑÑелÑноÑÑи, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
должен
бÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ пÑогÑаммами,
+коÑоÑÑми они полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+<em>ÑвободнÑми</em>, и Ñ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑеÑкиваÑ, ÑÑо
ÑÑо вопÑÐ¾Ñ ÑвободÑ, а не
+ÑÑоимоÑÑи.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑогÑамма Ñвободна, еÑли она даеÑ
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑи ÑеÑÑÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
+ÑвободÑ<a name="tex2html29" href="#foot113"><sup>16</sup></a>:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>0. Свобода вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, как вам
Ñгодно.</li>
+
+<li>1. Свобода изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸
пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
+делаÑÑ, ÑÑо вам Ñгодно.</li>
+
+<li>2. Свобода пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
пеÑеиздаваÑÑ ÑоÑнÑе копии (ÑÑо Ñвобода
+помогаÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑоÑедÑ).</li>
+
+<li>3. Свобода ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
пÑбликоваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ ÑвоиÑ
измененнÑÑ
веÑÑий
(ÑÑо
+Ñвобода делаÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ в Ñвое ÑообÑеÑÑво).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Ðогда пÑогÑамма Ñвободна, полÑзоваÑели
конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо она
+делаеÑ. ÐеÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма наÑ
одиÑÑÑ
под конÑÑолем Ñвоего ÑазÑабоÑÑика и
+ÑÑнкÑиониÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº оÑÑдие пÑедоÑÑавлениÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑÐ¸ÐºÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
+полÑзоваÑелÑми. Ðна Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñдобной или
неÑдобной, но в лÑбом ÑлÑÑае она
+навÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñвоим полÑзоваÑелÑм
обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, в коÑоÑой они
оÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
+ÑазобÑеннÑми и беÑпомоÑнÑми. ЧÑобÑ
избежаÑÑ ÑÑой неÑпÑаведливоÑÑи и пеÑедаÑÑ
+полÑзоваÑелÑм конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ иÑ
вÑÑиÑлениÑми, ÑÑебÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑи ÑеÑÑÑе
+ÑвободÑ. Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ 0 и 1 даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñвоими ÑобÑÑвеннÑми
+вÑÑиÑлениÑми, а Ñвобода 3 позволÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑм ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑе,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑовмеÑÑно конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ Ñвои
вÑÑиÑлениÑ, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
+Ñвобода 2 ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо полÑзоваÑели не
бÑдÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑаваÑÑÑÑ ÑазобÑеннÑми<a
+name="tex2html31" href="#foot114"><sup>17</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ðногие ÑÑвеÑждаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑеоÑеÑиÑеÑки Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑоÑки
+зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñкономики. ÐекоÑоÑÑе из ниÑ
невеÑно
ÑÑакÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
+“беÑплаÑнÑе пÑогÑаммє; дÑÑгие
понимаÑÑ ÑÑо вÑÑажение веÑно, но
+вÑе Ñавно заÑвлÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑедпÑиÑÑиÑ
никогда не заÑ
оÑÑÑ ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ñакие
+пÑогÑаммÑ. СоÑеÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ñакой
ÑеоÑеÑиÑеÑкой пÑедпоÑÑлкой, как
+“полезнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ, ÑолÑко оплаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑабоÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммиÑÑов”, они заклÑÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не
+могли Ð±Ñ ÑÑÑеÑÑвоваÑÑ. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð°ÑгÑменÑ, как
пÑавило, пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑокÑаÑенно в
+виде Ñакого вопÑоÑа: “Ðак пÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ
заÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° жизнÑ, еÑли
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑ ÑвободнÑ?” Ðбе
пÑедпоÑÑлки, а Ñакже и заклÑÑение,
+пÑоÑивоÑеÑÐ°Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑо извеÑÑнÑм ÑакÑам;
возможно, ÑокÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑоÑма ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑемниÑÑ Ð¿ÑедпоÑÑлки, Ñ Ñем
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
не ÑопоÑÑавлÑли Ñ ÑакÑами.</p>
+
+<p>Я знаÑ, ÑÑо ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо иÑ
+ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ñже оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾. ÐÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÑи
полезнÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм<a
+name="tex2html34" href="#foot115"><sup>18</sup></a>, и миллионÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей<a name="tex2html36"
href="#foot116"><sup>19</sup></a> ÑабоÑаÑÑ
+на опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме GNU/Linux<a name="tex2html38"
+href="#foot117"><sup>20</sup></a>. ТÑÑÑÑи пÑогÑаммиÑÑов
пиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñе
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
наÑалаÑ
<a name="tex2html40"
+href="#foot118"><sup>21</sup></a>. Такие компании, как
Red Hat и
+Google, плаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑÑам за Ñо, ÑÑо Ñе
пиÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Я не
+Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ пÑиблизиÑелÑно, ÑколÑко еÑÑÑ
плаÑнÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм; бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¾ изÑÑиÑÑ ÑÑоÑ
вопÑоÑ. ÐлекÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ ÐаполÑки
+в 2007 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñил на конÑеÑенÑии <span
lang="fr"
+xml:lang="fr">Paris Capitale du Libre</span> (<a
+href="http://www.paris-libre.org";>http://www.paris-libre.org</a>),
+поÑвÑÑенной деловой пÑакÑике ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑÑо компании ФÑанÑии,
+занимаÑÑиеÑÑ ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами,
наÑÑиÑÑваÑÑ ÑвÑÑе деÑÑÑи ÑÑÑÑÑ
+ÑоÑÑÑдников.</p>
+
+<p>ÐолÑÑинÑÑво полÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов
пÑименÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
+пÑивÑкли позволÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑким компаниÑм
конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
вÑÑиÑлениÑ. ÐÑли
+Ð²Ñ — один из ниÑ
, вÑ, возможно, пÑинÑли
ÑоÑÐºÑ Ð·ÑениÑ, ÑÑо
+ноÑмалÑно и ÑазÑмно, когда конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ñ ÑÑиÑ
компаний, а не Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ,
+Ð²Ñ Ñакже ÑбежденÑ, ÑÑо “поÑÑдоÑнÑе”
ÑазÑабоÑÑики не бÑдÑÑ
+злоÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ Ñвоей влаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив ваÑ.
Ð¤Ð°ÐºÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо они ÑÑо делаÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ð Microsoft Windows еÑÑÑ ÑÑнкÑии Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
ÑпиониÑÑ Ð·Ð° полÑзоваÑелем<a
+name="tex2html43" href="#foot119"><sup>22</sup></a>, ÑÑнкÑии
ÑиÑÑового
+ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениÑми (DRM),
ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ даÑÑ
+полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ Ñвои ÑобÑÑвеннÑе
ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ Ð² полном обÑеме<a
+name="tex2html45" href="#foot120"><sup>23</sup></a>, и
ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑй ÑеÑнÑй
+Ñ
од, ÑеÑез коÑоÑÑй Microsoft можеÑ
пÑинÑдиÑелÑно изменÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
+Ñгодно и в лÑбое вÑемÑ<a name="tex2html47"
+href="#foot121"><sup>24</sup></a>. Microsoft Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ
лÑбÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ, а не ÑолÑко Ñвои ÑобÑÑвеннÑе<a
name="tex2html49"
+href="#foot122"><sup>25</sup></a>. СоÑовÑе ÑелеÑонÑ,
пÑивÑзаннÑе к
+конкÑеÑнÑм ÑоÑовÑм ÑеÑÑм, могÑÑ Ð¾ÑкÑÑваÑÑ
пеÑед ÑÑими ÑеÑÑми аналогиÑнÑй
+ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од. Ð MacOS Ñакже еÑÑÑ ÑÑнкÑии
ÑиÑÑового ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениÑми,
+ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
огÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐзвеÑÑна ÑолÑко одна заÑиÑа оÑ
вÑедоноÑнÑÑ
ÑÑнкÑий — наÑÑаиваÑÑ
+на пÑогÑаммаÑ
, коÑоÑÑе конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑми: на ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммаÑ
. ÐÑо не Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð±ÑолÑÑной
гаÑанÑии, но алÑÑеÑнаÑива
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ — оÑÑÑÑÑÑвие вÑÑкой заÑиÑÑ.
ÐÑли пÑогÑамма — ÑÑо
+закон, Ñ ÑеÑ
, кем она ÑпÑавлÑеÑ, должна бÑÑÑ
влаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñом,
+ÑÑо в ÑÑом законе говоÑиÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="protocols">ÐгÑаниÑеннÑе ÑоÑмаÑÑ</h3>
+
+<p>ÐгÑаниÑеннÑе ÑоÑмаÑÑ Ñайлов навÑзÑваÑÑ
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑвÑзи и пÑбликаÑий ÑаÑÑнÑми
+лиÑами. ТоÑ, кÑо конÑÑолиÑÑÐµÑ ÑоÑмаÑÑ,
конÑÑолиÑÑеÑ, вообÑе говоÑÑ,
+пÑименение инÑоÑмаÑии обÑеÑÑвом,
поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð° не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ
или
+ÑиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· иÑ
ÑазÑеÑениÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐапÑимеÑ, ÑаÑÑо ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ Ñ ÑекÑÑом
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑекÑеÑном ÑоÑмаÑе
+Microsoft Word, коÑоÑÑй дÑÑгие ÑазÑабоÑÑики
Ñмогли ÑолÑко пÑиблизиÑелÑно
+декодиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸ ÑеализоваÑÑ. ÐÑа пÑакÑика
ÑопоÑÑавима Ñ Ð¿ÑбликаÑией книг
+ÑекÑеÑнÑм алÑавиÑом, ÑиÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑй могÑÑ
ÑолÑко оÑиÑиалÑно ÑполномоÑеннÑе
+пиÑÑÑ. ÐÑалÑÑнÑкое обÑеÑÑвенное
Ñелевидение (RAI) ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
+в ÑоÑмаÑе VC-1, ÑпеÑиÑикаÑии коÑоÑого
доÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ñ Ð² ÐбÑеÑÑве инженеÑов кино и
+ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑолÑко на ÑÑловиÑÑ
неÑазглаÑениÑ. ÐÑбопÑÑно, ÑÑо ÐбÑеÑÑво
+заÑвлÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑом в ÑоÑмаÑе Word, коÑоÑÑй не
подÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑлок<a
+name="tex2html51" href="#foot123"><sup>26</sup></a>. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑандаÑÑ
ÑаÑÑиÑно
+бÑл декодиÑован пÑÑем обÑаÑной
ÑазÑабоÑки.</p>
+
+<p>ÐолÑÑинÑÑво ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑемÑÑ
в
ÐнÑеÑнеÑе звÑкозапиÑей полÑзÑеÑÑÑ
+запаÑенÑованнÑм ÑоÑмаÑом MP3, а болÑÑинÑÑво
видеозапиÑей полÑзÑеÑÑÑ
+запаÑенÑованнÑми ÑоÑмаÑами MPEG-4, Ñакими
как DIVX и H.264. VC-1 Ñакже
+запаÑенÑован<a name="tex2html53"
href="#foot124"><sup>27</sup></a>. ÐÑбой
+паÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑедÑÑвенно
Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ полÑзоваÑелÑ
+в его полÑзовании компÑÑÑеÑом. ÐÑименение
запаÑенÑованнÑÑ
ÑоÑмаÑов даннÑÑ
+ÑопоÑÑавимо Ñ ÑÑебованием, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð»Ñди
полÑзовалиÑÑ Ð¾ÑиÑиалÑно
+ÑполномоÑеннÑми пиÑÑами вмеÑÑо Ñого,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоводиÑÑ Ñвое ÑобÑÑвенное ÑÑение
+и запиÑÑ. ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑоÑмаÑÑ MPEG
пÑименÑлиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ðº и ÑгÑоз в адÑеÑ
+ÑазÑабоÑÑиков и ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаниÑелей
пÑогÑамм, ÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
Ñ ÑÑими ÑоÑмаÑами, в
+Ñом ÑиÑле ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐекоÑоÑÑе
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаниÑели ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux,
+напÑимеÑ, Red Hat, не ÑмеÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÑÑÑ
поддеÑÐ¶ÐºÑ ÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐгÑаниÑеннÑй ÑоÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ — ÑÑо западнÑ;
вÑе и каждое пÑименение ÑÑого
+ÑоÑмаÑа ÑакÑиÑеÑки подÑалкиваеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей в западнÑ. ÐÑ
ваÑ
завиÑимоÑÑÑÑ
+Ð¾Ñ ÑÑиÑ
ÑоÑмаÑов не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ñагом
впеÑед.</p>
+
+<h3 id="saas">ÐÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги</h3>
+
+<p>ТипиÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
ÑолÑко двоиÑнÑй Ñайл, дейÑÑвиÑ
+коÑоÑого конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑиком, а
не вами. ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑика, назÑваемаÑ
+“пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами” или
“SaaS”, оÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ еÑе
+менÑÑе конÑÑолÑ. ÐÑи ÑÑом Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ полÑÑаеÑе
даже копии пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð²Ñ
+могли Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого вÑ
поÑÑлаеÑе Ñвои даннÑе на ÑеÑвеÑ,
+пÑогÑамма вÑполнÑеÑÑÑ Ñам, а ÑеÑвеÑ
вÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑезÑлÑÑаÑ. ÐÑли Ñ
+полÑзоваÑелей еÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¸ÑнÑй Ñайл, они
могли Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑовеÑÑи его обÑаÑнÑÑ
+ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ Ð¸ подлаÑаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾, еÑли Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
Ñ
ваÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñо ÑеÑимоÑÑи. С
+пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами они даже ÑÑого не
могÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>УÑиÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑÑ ÑÑÑдноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑной
ÑазÑабоÑки, пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги, возможно, не
+намного Ñ
Ñже неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. Ðело,
однако, в Ñом, ÑÑо они ниÑем не
+лÑÑÑе. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей бÑл конÑÑолÑ
над Ñвоими вÑÑиÑлениÑми, они
+Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг ÑоÑно Ñак
же, как они Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ
+неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾Ñовки ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи менÑ
пÑиглаÑили воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑайÑом IEEE под
+названием <a href="http://pdf-express.org";> pdf-express.org</a>,
ÑÑобÑ
+пÑеобÑазоваÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹ Ñайл PDF в Ñайл Ñо
вÑÑÑоеннÑми ÑÑиÑÑами, коÑоÑÑй
+ÑÑебовалÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалов конÑеÑенÑии.
ÐлÑÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑайÑ, Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑел к
+вÑводÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги, а
ÑледоваÑелÑно, Ñ Ð½Ðµ должен им
+полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑÑгой аÑгÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑив него
ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо он ÑÑебÑеÑ,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑели иденÑиÑиÑиÑовали ÑебÑ,
а ÑÑо необоÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñлежка.</p>
+
+<p>Ðе Ñо ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ñобенно беÑпокоилÑÑ, ÑÑо
ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð²ÑедоноÑен. Я не могÑ
+неÑвно довеÑÑÑÑ IEEE, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ одобÑÑÑ
огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого инÑÑиÑÑÑа на
+пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение пÑбликÑемÑÑ
им
ÑÑаÑей, но в задаÑи ÑÑого конкÑеÑного
+ÑайÑа пÑакÑиÑеÑки не вÑ
одÑÑ
пÑеднамеÑеннÑе неÑпÑаведливоÑÑи в
оÑноÑении
+ÑвоиÑ
полÑзоваÑелей (кÑоме необоÑнованной
Ñлежки). Ðднако дело не в Ñом,
+злоÑпоÑÑеблÑÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑнÑй ÑайÑ
Ñвоей влаÑÑÑÑ. Ðело в Ñом, ÑÑо нам не
+ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑ Ñебе пÑивÑкаÑÑ Ðº
пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑгим Ñакого Ñода влаÑÑи
+над нами. ÐÑивÑÑка пеÑедаваÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñвоими
+вÑÑиÑлениÑми — опаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑивÑÑка.
СопÑоÑивлÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑой пÑакÑике
+можно, оÑвеÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ñказом на пÑиглаÑениÑ
ÑледоваÑÑ ÐµÐ¹.</p>
+
+<p>ÐдинÑÑвеннÑй ÑпоÑоб ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑ Ñвои
вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñвоим
+конÑÑолем — пÑоводиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ñвоей ÑобÑÑвенной копии
+Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="copyright">ÐвÑоÑÑкое пÑаво и обмен</h3>
+
+<p>СамÑй болÑÑой конÑликÑ, каÑаÑÑийÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² ÐнÑеÑнеÑе — война Ñ
+обменом: попÑÑка издаÑелÑÑкой индÑÑÑÑии
пÑедоÑвÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑвление
+полÑзоваÑелÑми ÐнÑеÑнеÑа возможноÑÑи
копиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ обмена инÑоÑмаÑией.</p>
+
+<p>ÐвÑоÑÑкое пÑаво бÑло ÑÑÑеждено в век
пеÑаÑного ÑÑанка как оÑÑаÑÐ»ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ñма в
+пиÑаÑелÑÑком деле и пеÑаÑи. Ðго ÑелÑÑ Ð±Ñло
ÑÑимÑлиÑование пÑбликаÑии
+ÑазнообÑазнÑÑ
пиÑÑменнÑÑ
ÑабоÑ. СÑедÑÑвом
бÑло ÑÑебование, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð´Ð°Ñели
+полÑÑали ÑазÑеÑение авÑоÑа на пÑбликаÑиÑ
недавниÑ
ÑабоÑ. ÐÑо позволÑло
+авÑоÑам полÑÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð³Ñаждение оÑ
издаÑелей, ÑÑо ÑодейÑÑвовало ÑÑÑдÑ
+пиÑаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑимÑлиÑовало его. ÐбÑÑнаÑ
ÑиÑаÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñблика полÑÑала полÑÐ·Ñ Ð¾Ñ
+ÑÑого, ÑеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð¾:
авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво огÑаниÑивало ÑолÑко
+издание, а не Ñо, ÑÑо мог делаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑнÑй
ÑиÑаÑелÑ, Ñак ÑÑо ÑоблÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
+легко бÑло добиÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ пÑоÑиводейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾
пÑакÑиÑеÑки не вÑÑÑеÑало. ÐÑо
+позволÑло ÑÑвеÑждаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава вÑгодна обÑеÑÑвенноÑÑи, а
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑавомеÑна.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑо — Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого вÑемени.</p>
+
+<h4 id="waronsharing">Ðойна Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð¼</h4>
+
+<p>РнаÑи дни компÑÑÑеÑнÑе ÑеÑи
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑевоÑÑ
одное ÑÑедÑÑво
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ манипÑлиÑованиÑ
инÑоÑмаÑией, в Ñом ÑиÑле опÑбликованнÑми
+пÑогÑаммами, мÑзÑкалÑнÑми запиÑÑми,
ÑекÑÑами, изобÑажениÑми и
+видеозапиÑÑми. С помоÑÑÑ ÑеÑей ÑÑала
доÑÑижимой инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑопиÑ:
+неогÑаниÑеннÑй доÑÑÑп ко вÑевозможнÑм
даннÑм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑоизведениÑ, коÑоÑÑми полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкиÑ
задаÑ, Ñакие как
+пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑеÑепÑÑ, ÑÑиÑÑÑ,
обÑазоваÑелÑнÑе и ÑпÑавоÑнÑе ÑабоÑÑ,
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑ, Ñ Ñем ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑели могли
конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ (индивидÑалÑно или
+коллекÑивно) ÑабоÑÑ, вÑполнÑемÑе Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑÑиÑ
пÑоизведений. ÐÑа
+аÑгÑменÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ñименима к дÑÑгим видам
пÑоизведений, Ñаким как
+пÑоизведениÑ, вÑÑажаÑÑие мÑÑли
опÑеделеннÑÑ
лÑдей, и пÑоизведениÑ
иÑкÑÑÑÑва,
+Ñак ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
Ð½ÐµÑ ÑÑиÑеÑкой необÑ
одимоÑÑи бÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми. Ðо еÑÑÑ
+минималÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñвобода, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° бÑÑÑ Ñ
обÑеÑÑвенноÑÑи в оÑноÑении вÑеÑ
+опÑбликованнÑÑ
ÑабоÑ: Ñвобода
некоммеÑÑеÑкого обмена ÑоÑнÑми
+копиÑми. Ðбмен — ÑÑо благо; обмен
ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвÑзи в обÑеÑÑве. Ðогда
+копиÑование или обмен книгой бÑли
наÑÑолÑко заÑÑÑдниÑелÑнÑ, ÑÑо о Ñакой
+лÑбезноÑÑи едва ли можно бÑло пÑоÑиÑÑ,
пÑоблема ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° не имела
+ÑмÑÑла. Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐнÑеÑÐ½ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½
легким, и Ñаким обÑазом он делаеÑ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° важной.</p>
+
+<p>Ðа пÑÑи к ÑÑой ÑÑопии ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾
пÑепÑÑÑÑвие — авÑоÑÑкое
+пÑаво. ЧиÑаÑели и ÑлÑÑаÑели, иÑполÑзÑÑÑие
новÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+обмена опÑбликованной инÑоÑмаÑией,
ÑоÑмалÑно оказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑиÑелÑми
+авÑоÑÑкого пÑава. Ð¢Ð¾Ñ ÑамÑй закон, коÑоÑÑй
в пÑоÑлом дейÑÑвовал как полезнаÑ
+пÑомÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ñма Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð´Ð°Ñелей, ÑÑал
огÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑво, коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð½
+должен бÑл ÑлÑжиÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑи демокÑаÑии закон, коÑоÑÑй запÑеÑаеÑ
попÑлÑÑнÑÑ Ð¸ полезнÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ,
+обÑÑно вÑкоÑе ÑмÑгÑаеÑÑÑ. Ðо не Ñам, где
коÑпоÑаÑии обладаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑей
+полиÑиÑеÑкой влаÑÑÑÑ, Ñем обÑеÑÑвенноÑÑÑ.
ÐÑÑжеÑÑвеннÑе ÑазвлекаÑелÑнÑм
+компаниÑм ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ ÑвеÑдо ÑеÑили не даваÑÑ
лÑдÑм полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑвоиÑ
+компÑÑÑеÑов и обнаÑÑжили, ÑÑо авÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ
одÑÑим Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого
+оÑÑдием. Ðод иÑ
влиÑнием вмеÑÑо Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
ÑмÑгÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого пÑава
+и ÑазÑеÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð¾ÑвоÑное и Ñвободное
полÑзование ÐнÑеÑнеÑом, гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва
+Ñделали иÑ
ÑÑÑогими, как никогда, запÑеÑаÑ
обмен как поÑÑÑпок.</p>
+
+<p>ÐздаÑели и дÑÑжеÑÑвеннÑе им
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑва Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ñи как можно
далÑÑе,
+ÑинанÑиÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð¼. РСШÐ
ÑÑидиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑка запиÑÑваÑÑиÑ
компаний
+(RIAA) ÑегÑлÑÑно Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñки на подÑоÑÑков в
ÑазмеÑе ÑоÑен ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð»Ð°Ñов, а
+Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÑÑаÑÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° оÑÑÑаÑовали поÑÑи
на два миллиона<a
+name="tex2html56" href="#foot125"><sup>28</sup></a>. Ðо ФÑанÑии
недавно
+пÑоводилÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½ (HADOPI), ÑпÑазднÑÑÑий
пÑинÑип пÑезÑмпÑии невиновноÑÑи,
+наказÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей ÐнÑеÑнеÑа
оÑклÑÑением по пÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²
+копиÑовании. ТолÑко опÑеделеннÑе
избÑаннÑе оÑганизаÑии, ÑÑвеÑжденнÑе
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвом, бÑли ÑполномоÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÑноÑиÑÑ
Ñакие обвинениÑ; Ñаким обÑазом,
+подÑазÑмевалоÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½ ÑпÑаздниÑ
одним ÑдаÑом <span lang="fr"
+xml:lang="fr">Liberté</span>, <span lang="fr"
+xml:lang="fr">Egalité</span> и <span lang="fr"
+xml:lang="fr">Fraternité</span>.
+Ðакон бÑл оÑвеÑгнÑÑ ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑм
ÑовеÑом как анÑиконÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑй<a
+name="tex2html58" href="#foot126"><sup>29</sup></a> (впоÑледÑÑвии
его
+изменили, Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´Ñ ÑоÑмалÑнÑй ÑÑдебнÑй
пÑоÑеÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо
+пÑиемлемÑм). СÑ
однÑй закон в Ðовой
Ðеландии бÑл оÑозван в ÑÑом Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñле
+пÑоÑеÑÑов обÑеÑÑвенноÑÑи. ÐвÑопейÑкий
паÑÐ»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¾ пÑоголоÑовал пÑоÑив
+наÑÐ°Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ неÑпÑаведливоÑÑи во
вÑем ÐвÑопейÑком ÑоÑзе, но ÑлабаÑ
+демокÑаÑÐ¸Ñ ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза не
оÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑаÑелÑного ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
+паÑламенÑом. ÐекоÑоÑÑе Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ñи еÑе
далÑÑе: один Ñлен паÑламенÑа
+ÐеликобÑиÑании пÑедложил деÑÑÑилеÑнее
ÑÑÑемное заклÑÑение за некоммеÑÑеÑкий
+обмен.</p>
+
+<p>СШÐ, Ðанада, ÐвÑопейÑкий ÑоÑз и ÑазнÑе
дÑÑгие ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÑаÑÑвÑÑÑ Ð² пеÑеговоÑаÑ
+по “ÐнÑиконÑÑаÑакÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑоÑговомÑ
ÑоглаÑениє (ACTA). ÐеÑеговоÑÑ
+ведÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ñайне, но Ðанада неоÑ
оÑно
опÑбликовала ÑпиÑок пÑедложений, коÑоÑÑе
+она полÑÑила Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾ÑиÑиалÑнÑÑ
лиÑ, и
наказание без ÑÑда в ÑÑиле
+HADOPI — одно из ÑÑиÑ
пÑедложений<a
name="tex2html60"
+href="#foot127"><sup>30</sup></a>. ÐÑо пÑедложение,
веÑоÑÑно, поÑÑÑпило оÑ
+Ñил, вÑÑÑÑпаÑÑиÑ
за авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво,
коÑоÑÑе веÑÑма влиÑÑелÑÐ½Ñ Ð²
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ
оÑганаÑ
СШРи дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑан, Ñак ÑÑо опаÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+ниÑÑожна. ÐвÑопейÑкие оÑиÑиалÑнÑе лиÑа,
возможно, поÑÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ
+воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑим договоÑом, ÑÑобÑ
обойÑи ÐвÑопейÑкий паÑламенÑ, пÑименÑÑ
+пÑакÑикÑ, извеÑÑнÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº “оÑмÑвание
полиÑики”.</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑпоÑаÑии, полÑÑаÑÑие наиболÑÑÑÑ
вÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого пÑава, Ñ ÑÑидиÑеÑкой
+ÑоÑки зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑвлÑÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸
авÑоÑов (болÑÑинÑÑво из коÑоÑÑÑ
в
+дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи поÑÑи ниÑего не
полÑÑаÑÑ). Ðни Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑавиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ
+веÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво —
еÑÑеÑÑвенное пÑаво авÑоÑов и ÑÑо
+мÑ, обÑеÑÑвенноÑÑÑ, Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеноÑиÑÑ ÑÑо
незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого, наÑколÑко ÑÑо
+болезненно. Ðни назÑваÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½
“пиÑаÑÑÑвом”, пÑиÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑоÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ðº Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑдно.</p>
+
+<p>Ðзлобление обÑеÑÑвенноÑÑи в оÑноÑении
ÑÑиÑ
Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð²Ñе ÑаÑÑеÑ, но оно
+ÑдеÑживаеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñопагандой. Такие
вÑÑажениÑ, как “пиÑаÑÑÑво”<a
+name="tex2html62" href="#foot128"><sup>31</sup></a>, “заÑиÑа
+авÑоÑов” и “инÑеллекÑÑалÑнаÑ
ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”<a
+name="tex2html64" href="#foot129"><sup>32</sup></a>, и заÑвлениÑ,
ÑÑо
+ÑÑение, пÑоÑмоÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ пÑоÑлÑÑивание Ñего бÑ
Ñо ни бÑло без
+оплаÑÑ — ÑÑо “воÑовÑÑво”,
Ñбедили многиÑ
ÑиÑаÑелей в
+Ñом, ÑÑо иÑ
пÑава и инÑеÑеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ имеÑÑ
знаÑениÑ. ÐÑа пÑопаганда неÑвно
+подÑазÑмеваеÑ, ÑÑо издаÑели заÑлÑживаÑÑ
оÑобой влаÑÑи (коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
+оÑÑÑеÑÑвлÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ авÑоÑов) и ÑÑо мÑ
моÑалÑно обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеноÑиÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑе
+меÑÑ, какие ни поÑÑебÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжаниÑ
иÑ
влаÑÑи.</p>
+
+<h4 id="digitalrestrictionsmanagement">ЦиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление
огÑаниÑениÑми</h4>
+
+<p>ÐздаÑели ÑÑÑемÑÑÑÑ Ðº болÑÑемÑ, Ñем
наказание за обмен. Ðни оÑознали, ÑÑо,
+пÑбликÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² заÑиÑÑованнÑÑ
ÑоÑмаÑаÑ
, коÑоÑÑе можно пÑоÑмаÑÑиваÑÑ
+ÑолÑко пÑогÑаммами, ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑми
Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей, они могли Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
беÑпÑеÑеденÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ лÑбÑм
+пÑименением ÑÑиÑ
ÑабоÑ. Ðни могли бÑ
вÑнÑждаÑÑ Ð»Ñдей плаÑиÑÑ, а Ñакже
+иденÑиÑиÑиÑоваÑÑ ÑебÑ, каждÑй Ñаз, когда
они пожелаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ,
+пÑоÑлÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ поÑмоÑÑеÑÑ
видеозапиÑÑ. Ðни могли Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ñак, ÑÑобÑ
+копии лÑдей иÑÑезали по запланиÑованномÑ
гÑаÑикÑ. Ðни могли Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ делаÑÑ
+копии неÑиÑаемÑми по Ñвоей воле, еÑли Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑе ÑеÑнÑе Ñ
одÑ,
+подобнÑе найденнÑм в Windows, или оÑобÑе
ÑÑнкÑии Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑой Ñели<a
+name="tex2html66" href="#foot130"><sup>33</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑоекÑиÑование пÑодÑкÑов и ноÑиÑелей
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваеÑÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑовÑм ÑпÑавлением огÑаниÑениÑми, или
DRM<a name="tex2html68"
+href="#foot66"><sup>34</sup></a>. Ðго назнаÑение —
+неÑпÑаведливоÑÑÑ: оÑказ полÑзоваÑелÑм
компÑÑÑеÑов в Ñом, ÑÑо в пÑоÑивном
+ÑлÑÑае бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
законнÑм пÑавом пÑи
полÑзовании иÑ
копиÑми опÑбликованнÑÑ
+пÑоизведений. Ðго меÑод — вÑоÑаÑ
неÑпÑаведливоÑÑÑ, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½
+навÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<p>РСШРиздаÑели добилиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвом иÑ
меÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð± абÑолÑÑной влаÑÑи
+Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ “Ðакона об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве
ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑиє
+1998 года. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½ дал издаÑелÑм влаÑÑÑ
(ÑакÑиÑеÑки) пиÑаÑÑ Ñвои
+ÑобÑÑвеннÑе пÑавила авÑоÑÑкого пÑава,
ÑеализÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в пÑогÑаммаÑ
+авÑоÑизованнÑÑ
пÑоигÑÑваÑелей. Ðаже
ÑÑение или пÑоÑлÑÑивание незаконно,
+когда пÑогÑамма ÑоÑÑавлена Ñак, ÑÑобÑ
блокиÑоваÑÑ ÑÑо.</p>
+
+<p>Ð “Ðаконе об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве
ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑиє еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾
+иÑклÑÑение: он не запÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименениÑ,
коÑоÑÑе подпадаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ каÑегоÑиÑ
+“Ñвободного иÑполÑзованиє. Ðо он
ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñе пÑакÑиÑеÑкие
+ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ ÑÑого иÑклÑÑениÑ, вводÑ
ÑензÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° лÑбÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑми лÑди
+могли Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
ÑÑо делаÑÑ. Ðо “ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±
+авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑиє
лÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма, коÑоÑой можно
+бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¼Ð°
ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
наÑÑÑников, запÑеÑена, еÑли Ñ
+нее Ð½ÐµÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
ÑопоÑÑавимо важнÑÑ
“коммеÑÑеÑки знаÑимÑÑ
”
+пÑименений (оÑказ в ÑаÑÑмоÑÑении лÑбÑÑ
дÑÑгиÑ
видов знаÑимоÑÑи, ÑакиÑ
как
+обÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑимоÑÑÑ, в
Ñвном виде пооÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑподÑÑво
+деловÑÑ
кÑÑгов в наÑем обÑеÑÑве). ÐовоÑÑ
пÑакÑиÑеÑки, огÑаниÑенное пÑаво
+неподÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñим пÑогÑаммнÑм
ÑÑÑемÑикам беÑÑмÑÑленно, поÑколÑкÑ
ÑÑедÑÑва
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого недоÑÑÑпнÑ.</p>
+
+<p>С ÑеÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñе Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¾ ÑензÑÑе
пÑогÑамм бÑли пÑинÑÑÑ Ð² ÐвÑопейÑком
+ÑоÑзе, ÐвÑÑÑалии, Ðовой Ðеландии, а Ñакже
дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
. Ðанада пÑÑалаÑÑ
+ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо неÑколÑко леÑ, но ÑамоÑнÑÑ
оппозиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÑпÑепÑÑÑÑвовала
+ÑÑомÑ. Ð¡Ð¸Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки издаÑелей пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
навÑзаÑÑ ÑÑи огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñем
+ÑÑÑанам; напÑимеÑ, СШРÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в
ÑоÑговÑе ÑоглаÑениÑ. ÐÐÐС
+(ÐÑемиÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑганизаÑиÑ
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи”)
+Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð² ÑÑом, ÑодейÑÑвÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ñм
договоÑам, единÑÑвеннÑй ÑмÑÑл коÑоÑÑÑ
+ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑебовании Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑакиÑ
законов, как ÑÑи. ÐодпиÑание ÑÑиÑ
+договоÑов не пÑиноÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ полÑзÑ
гÑажданам ÑÑÑанÑ, и Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹
+ÑважиÑелÑной пÑиÑинÑ, по коÑоÑой Ñ
оÑÑ
какой-Ñо ÑÑÑане Ñледовало Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ
+иÑ
. Ðо когда ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ñ
подпиÑÑваÑÑ,
полиÑики могÑÑ ÑказÑваÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+“вÑполнение обÑзаÑелÑÑÑв по
договоÑам” как опÑавдание ÑензÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>У Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-пÑÐµÐ¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñе же ÑÑаÑÑе
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ñи ÑÑении бÑмажнÑÑ
книг и
+дÑÑгиÑ
аналоговÑÑ
ноÑиÑелей. Ðо еÑли
ÑлекÑÑоннÑе книги заменÑÑ ÑипогÑаÑÑкие,
+на ниÑ
ÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ðµ пеÑейдÑÑ.
ÐÑедÑÑавÑÑе Ñебе: болÑÑе нелÑÐ·Ñ Ð½Ð¸ кÑпиÑÑ
+подеÑжаннÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ Ð² магазине, ни одолжиÑÑ
ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑелÑ, ни взÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·
+пÑблиÑной библиоÑеки — Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
“лазеек”, коÑоÑÑе
+дали Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ
беÑплаÑно. ÐолÑÑе нелÑÐ·Ñ ÐºÑпиÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³
+анонимно за налиÑнÑе — ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ кÑпиÑÑ ÑолÑко по
+кÑедиÑной каÑÑе, Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñаким обÑазом
компÑÑÑеÑизованнÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¶ÐºÑ —
+а пÑблиÑнÑе библиоÑеки ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ
пÑедпÑиÑÑиÑми ÑозниÑной ÑоÑговли. ÐоÑ
+какой Ð¼Ð¸Ñ Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑзаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ издаÑели.
ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑпаеÑе <span lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">Amazon Kindle</span> (Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем его
Swindle <a
+href="#tf1">[1]</a>) или <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Sony Reader</span>
+(Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем его Shreader <a href="#tf2">[2]</a> за Ñо,
ÑÑо он гÑозиÑ
+ÑделаÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð°Ð¼Ð¸), Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑе за Ñо, ÑÑобÑ
поÑÑÑоиÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ Ñакой миÑ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="supportingartists">ÐоддеÑжка иÑкÑÑÑÑв</h3>
+
+<p>ÐздаÑели говоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼, ÑÑо война Ñ
копиÑованием — единÑÑвеннÑй
+ÑпоÑоб ÑоÑ
ÑаниÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ðµ иÑкÑÑÑÑво.
ÐоддеÑжка иÑкÑÑÑÑв желаÑелÑна, но она не
+могла Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑавдаÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
ÑÑедÑÑв. Ð ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ,
она иÑ
и не ÑÑебÑеÑ. Ðбмен
+копиÑми в обÑеÑÑве ÑпоÑобÑÑвÑеÑ
пÑивлеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ðº пÑоизведениÑм
+малоизвеÑÑнÑм или извеÑÑнÑм в ÑзкиÑ
кÑÑгаÑ
: когда “ÐонÑи пайÑон”
+вÑложили Ñвои видеоÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ Ð² ÑеÑи, иÑ
пÑодажи возÑоÑли более Ñем в двеÑÑи
+Ñаз<a name="tex2html69" href="#foot131"><sup>35</sup></a>. Ð Ñо же
вÑемÑ
+ÑиÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑеÑ
ника пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸ новÑе
ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки иÑкÑÑÑÑва.</p>
+
+<h4 id="donations">ÐожеÑÑвованиÑ</h4>
+
+<p>Ð 2010 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñа Ðжейн СайбеÑÑи
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÑзÑÐºÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвоем
+ÑобÑÑвенном ÑайÑе под названием <a
name="tex2html71"
+href="http://janesiberry.com";>janesiberry.com</a>, позволÑÑ Ð»ÑдÑм
плаÑиÑÑ
+ÑÑолÑко, ÑколÑко они пожелаÑÑ. СÑеднÑÑ
Ñена, вÑплаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð° пеÑнÑ, по
+более Ñанним ÑообÑениÑм бÑла болÑÑе ÑеÑ
99 ÑенÑов, коÑоÑÑе взимаÑÑ
+кÑÑпнÑе компании звÑкозапиÑи<a name="tex2html72"
+href="#foot132"><sup>36</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐопÑлÑÑнÑе пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ðµ можно Ñ
оÑоÑо пÑодаваÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· пÑедоÑвÑаÑениÑ
+обмена ÑÑеди лÑдей. СÑивен Ðинг полÑÑил
ÑоÑни ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð»Ð°Ñов, пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñикл
+незаÑиÑÑованнÑÑ
ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
книг без ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкиÑ
пÑепÑÑÑÑвий обменÑ
+копиÑми. ÐÑÑппа “РейдиоÑ
ед” ÑобÑала
в 2007 годÑ
+миллионÑ, пÑиглаÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²
копиÑоваÑÑ Ð°Ð»Ñбом и плаÑиÑÑ, ÑколÑко они
+заÑ
оÑÑÑ; пÑи ÑÑом алÑбом ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑлÑÑ
Ñакже в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе. Ð 2008 годÑ
+гÑÑппа “Ðайн Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¹Ð»Ð·” вÑпÑÑÑила
Ñвой алÑбом Ñ ÑазÑеÑением на
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение копий и ÑобÑала 750 ÑÑÑÑÑ
доллаÑов за неÑколÑко дней<a
+name="tex2html74" href="#foot133"><sup>37</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ðаже бÑдÑÑи ÑдеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑдобÑÑвом
нÑнеÑниÑ
меÑодов пеÑевода денег деÑÑелÑм
+иÑкÑÑÑÑва, добÑоволÑнÑе взноÑÑ
поклонников могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑживаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. Ðо
оÑенкам
+Ðевина Ðелли, бÑвÑего ÑедакÑоÑа
“УайеÑед мÑгезин”, деÑÑелÑ
+иÑкÑÑÑÑв нÑжно найÑи ÑолÑко
пÑиблизиÑелÑно ÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑиннÑÑ
ÑениÑелей,
ÑÑобÑ
+иÑ
поддеÑжка дала доÑÑаÑоÑнÑе ÑÑедÑÑва к
ÑÑÑеÑÑвованиÑ<a name="tex2html76"
+href="#foot134"><sup>38</sup></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо когда компÑÑÑеÑнÑе ÑеÑи пÑедоÑÑавÑÑ
легкий анонимнÑй меÑод пеÑевода
+комÑ-Ñо неболÑÑого колиÑеÑÑва денег, не
ÑÑебÑÑ ÐºÑедиÑной каÑÑÑ, добÑоволÑнаÑ
+поддеÑжка деÑÑелей иÑкÑÑÑÑва ÑÑанеÑ
гоÑаздо более дейÑÑвенной. Ркаждом
+пÑоигÑÑваÑеле могла Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¿ÐºÐ° Ñ
надпиÑÑÑ: “ÐажмиÑе здеÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
+поÑлаÑÑ Ð°ÑÑиÑÑам один доллає
(опÑималÑное колиÑеÑÑво можеÑ
+ваÑÑиÑоваÑÑÑÑ Ð² завиÑимоÑÑи Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑанÑ; длÑ
Ðндии, возможно, одна ÑÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñла
+Ð±Ñ Ð»ÑÑÑей велиÑиной). Разве не ÑÑали Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ
нажимаÑÑ ÐµÐµ Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ñаз в неделÑ?</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²Ñ ÑÑали Ð±Ñ ÑаздÑмÑваÑÑ,
поÑÑлаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ аÑÑиÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð»Ð°Ñ Ñаз в
+Ð½ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ даже Ñаз в денÑ? Ðе поÑомÑ, ÑÑо
вам бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¶Ð°Ð»ÐºÐ¾ доллаÑа, а
+поÑомÑ, ÑÑо поÑÑлаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ неÑдобно.
УÑÑÑаниÑе неÑдобÑÑво, и добÑоволÑнаÑ
+поддеÑжка аÑÑиÑÑов взлеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð²ÐµÑÑ
.</p>
+
+<h4 id="tax">ÐоддеÑжка налогами</h4>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑгой ÑпоÑоб поддеÑжки
иÑкÑÑÑÑва — налоговÑми Ñондами:
возможно,
+Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñобого налога на пÑÑÑÑе
ноÑиÑели, Ñоединение Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑом или Ñ
+обÑего доÑ
ода<a name="tex2html78"
href="#foot135"><sup>39</sup></a>. ÐÑли
+ÑÑо должно ÑÑпеÑно поддеÑживаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелей
иÑкÑÑÑÑва, Ñо гоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑледÑеÑ
+ÑаÑпÑеделÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ñе ÑÑедÑÑва напÑÑмÑÑ
и полноÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ и
+гаÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо они не могÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ под
каким пÑедлогом забиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+издаÑелÑми, Ñакими как компании
звÑкозапиÑи. Таким обÑазом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑа
+ÑиÑÑема налогов доÑÑигала законной Ñели
“поддеÑжки иÑкÑÑÑÑва”,
+Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñежде вÑего оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
невеÑной Ñели “компенÑаÑии
+пÑавообладаÑелей”.</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво не должно ÑаÑпÑеделÑÑÑ ÑÑи
налоговÑе ÑÑедÑÑва пÑÑмо
+пÑопоÑÑионалÑно попÑлÑÑноÑÑи, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ÑÑо оÑдало Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
в оÑновном ÑамÑм
+попÑлÑÑнÑм аÑÑиÑÑам, оÑÑавлÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð¾
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки вÑеÑ
+оÑÑалÑнÑÑ
. СооÑвеÑÑÑвенно, Ñ ÑекомендÑÑ
воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑнкÑией,
+пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой положиÑелÑна, но
ÑÑÑемиÑÑÑ Ðº нÑлÑ, ÑакÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº кÑбиÑеÑкий
+коÑенÑ. ÐÑи кÑбиÑеÑком коÑне, еÑли
вÑдаÑÑийÑÑ Ð°ÑÑиÑÑ Ð Ð² ÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ñаз более
+попÑлÑÑен, Ñем извеÑÑнÑй аÑÑиÑÑ Ð, Ñо Ð
полÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² деÑÑÑÑ Ñаз болÑÑе денег,
+Ñем Ð (пÑÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑопоÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð° Ð±Ñ Ð Ð² ÑÑÑÑÑÑ
Ñаз болÑÑе, Ñем Ð). Таким
+обÑазом, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ вÑдаÑÑегоÑÑ
аÑÑиÑÑа болÑÑе, Ñем Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
+аÑÑиÑÑов, вмеÑÑе вÑе вÑдаÑÑиеÑÑ Ð°ÑÑиÑÑÑ
полÑÑаÑÑ ÑолÑко неболÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ
+ÑÑедÑÑв, Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑа ÑиÑÑема можеÑ
пÑилиÑно поддеÑживаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑое ÑиÑло
+доволÑно попÑлÑÑнÑÑ
аÑÑиÑÑов. Ð ÑÑой
ÑиÑÑеме ÑÑедÑÑва Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки
+иÑкÑÑÑÑва иÑполÑзовалиÑÑ Ð±Ñ ÑÑÑекÑивно.</p>
+
+<p>Я пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸ÑкÑÑÑÑва,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо именно в иÑкÑÑÑÑве
+возникаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑивоÑеÑиÑ. ÐеÑ
пÑинÑипиалÑной пÑиÑинÑ, по коÑоÑой ÑиÑÑемÑ
на
+оÑнове налогов не ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ Ñакже
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки ÑÑнкÑионалÑнÑÑ
+пÑоизведений, коÑоÑÑе обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑми, ÑакиÑ
как пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
+ÑнÑиклопедии; но еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкое
заÑÑÑднение: Ñ ÑÑиÑ
пÑоизведений заÑаÑÑÑÑ
+еÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÑи авÑоÑов, и бÑло Ð±Ñ ÑÑÑдно найÑи
веÑнÑй ÑпоÑоб поделиÑÑ ÑÑедÑÑва
+Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸, даже еÑли каждÑй из ÑÑаÑÑников
великодÑÑен и гоÑов к
+ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвÑ. Ð ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ, оказÑваеÑÑÑ,
ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑой пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÑÑом
+Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
одимоÑÑи, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо лÑди Ñже
вкладÑваÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑилий в
+ÑазвиÑие ÑвободнÑÑ
ÑÑнкÑионалÑнÑÑ
ÑабоÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑ Ñ Ð¤ÑенÑиÑом ÐÑге<a name="tex2html80"
href="#foot79"><sup>40</sup></a>
+ÑоÑÑавили новое пÑедложение под названием
<span lang="fr"
+xml:lang="fr">Mécénat Global</span> (глобалÑнÑй
пÑоÑекÑионизм), коÑоÑое
+ÑоÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ поддеÑжки Ñ
добÑоволÑнÑми плаÑежами<a
+name="tex2html81" href="#foot136"><sup>41</sup></a>. ÐаждÑй
абоненÑ
+ÐнÑеÑнеÑа плаÑил Ð±Ñ ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ¼ÐµÑÑÑно оÑÑиÑлениÑ
на поддеÑÐ¶ÐºÑ Ð¸ÑкÑÑÑÑв,
+пÑоизведениÑми коÑоÑÑÑ
обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð²
ÐнÑеÑнеÑе. ÐаждÑй полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ бÑ
+по Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑаÑпÑеделÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
огÑаниÑеннÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÑвоиÑ
плаÑежей междÑ
+пÑоизведениÑми по ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑбоÑÑ; ÑÑедÑÑва,
ÑобÑаннÑе за каждое пÑоизведение,
+делилиÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñами, внеÑÑими
ÑвоÑÑеÑкий вклад в пÑоизведение (но не
+Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð´Ð°ÑелÑми). ÐÑоговÑе ÑÑммÑ,
наÑиÑленнÑе Ñаким обÑазом ÑазлиÑнÑм
+аÑÑиÑÑам, могли Ð±Ñ ÑлÑжиÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑой
попÑлÑÑноÑÑи каждого из аÑÑиÑÑов.
ÐÑÑалÑнÑе
+денÑги в ÑÑой ÑиÑÑеме ÑаÑпÑеделÑлиÑÑ Ð±Ñ
заÑем иÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÑÑой попÑлÑÑноÑÑи Ñ
+помоÑÑÑ ÐºÑбиÑеÑкого коÑÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ подобной
ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑнкÑии Ñ ÑбÑваÑÑей пÑоизводной.</p>
+
+<h3 id="makingitgood">СделаÑÑ ÑиÑÑовой оÑ
ваÑ
благом</h3>
+
+<p>Ðо ÑÑого меÑÑа в ÑÑаÑÑе опиÑÑваÑÑÑÑ
ÑакÑоÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
ваÑ
+ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
никой благом или злом. ÐÑи
ÑакÑоÑÑ ÑоÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ
+ÑеловеÑеÑкого обÑеÑÑва и подвеÑженÑ
влиÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñей ÑÑоÑонÑ. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ не
+ÑолÑко задаваÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ, ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ оÑ
ваÑ
ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
никой благом, и пÑи
+какиÑ
ÑÑловиÑÑ
; Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ обÑÑждаÑÑ, как
гаÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо он ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
+благом.</p>
+
+<h4 id="legally">ÐÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑа ÑвободÑ</h4>
+
+<p>Ðолной Ð¿Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑгÑозами ÑиÑÑовой
Ñвободе можно доÑÑигнÑÑÑ ÑолÑко
+изменениÑми в законаÑ
. СиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑкий
ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð¸ Ñ
Ñанение Ñведений о лÑбом
+лиÑе, полÑзÑÑÑемÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑами или
ÑеÑÑми, должен ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¾Ñобого оÑдеÑа
+из ÑÑда; пÑÑеÑеÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑвÑÐ·Ñ Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑи лÑбой
ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ, как пÑавило, бÑÑÑ
+анонимнÑ. ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвам ÑледÑеÑ
оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑензÑÑÑ Ð¸ пÑинимаÑÑ
+конÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑе меÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив нее.
ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑаÑÑ Ñвой
+вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑй ÑÑвеÑениÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑедÑÑвом
пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑклÑÑиÑелÑно ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм, а в ÑколаÑ
ÑледÑÐµÑ ÑÑиÑÑ ÑолÑко
ÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммам, ÑÑобÑ
+обÑазоваÑелÑнÑе ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑли
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ÑпиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑиÑ
гÑаждан
+ÑилÑного и Ñвободного обÑеÑÑва,
ÑкÑеплÑемого ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвом.</p>
+
+<p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑважалаÑÑ Ñвобода полÑзоваÑелей
компÑÑÑеÑов ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñо Ñвоими
+компÑÑÑеÑами, гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва не должнÑ
позволÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑам ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ (в более обÑем виде)
пÑименение компÑÑÑеÑов опÑеделеннÑми
+ÑпоÑобами. ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð²
обÑзаÑелÑном поÑÑдке Ñамим полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+Ñвободно ÑеализÑемÑми пÑблиÑно
докÑменÑиÑованнÑми ÑоÑмаÑами Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÑкой
ÑвÑзи
+Ñ Ð³Ñажданами, и ÑаÑÑнÑй ÑекÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ Ñоже
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑавлÑÑÑ Ðº полÑзованиÑ
+ÑолÑко ÑÑими ÑоÑмаÑами. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ
авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво пÑиемлемÑм в век
+ÑеÑей, Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑзаконенÑ
некоммеÑÑеÑкое копиÑование и обмен
+обнаÑодованнÑми пÑоизведениÑми.
ÐоммеÑÑеÑкое пÑименение ÑиÑÑового
ÑпÑавлениÑ
+огÑаниÑениÑми должно бÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑеÑено, а
незавиÑимо ÑазÑабоÑаннÑе ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпа к ÑоÑмаÑам Ñ
ÑиÑÑовÑм ÑпÑавлением огÑаниÑениÑми должнÑ
+бÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоизоÑли ÑÑи Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² законаÑ
,
нам нÑжно оÑганизовÑваÑÑÑÑ. Фонд
+ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
ÑÑбежей (<a href="http://eff.org";>eff.org</a>)
боÑеÑÑÑ Ñ
+ÑензÑÑой и Ñлежкой. “ÐоконÑим Ñ
паÑенÑами на пÑогÑаммє (<a
+href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>endsoftpatents.org</a>) и Ðига
ÑвободÑ
+пÑогÑаммиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ (<a
href="http://progfree.org";>progfree.org</a>) боÑÑÑÑÑ Ñ
+паÑенÑами на пÑогÑаммÑ. Фонд Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоводиÑ
+ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑив ÑиÑÑового ÑпÑавлениÑ
огÑаниÑениÑми на ÑайÑе <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="personally">ÐиÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑа ÑвободÑ</h4>
+
+<p>Ðока Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ¼ ÑÑи законодаÑелÑнÑе
баÑалии, нам надо Ñакже лиÑно оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ
+Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑодÑкÑов и ÑÑлÑг, ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑÑ
,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑнимаÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ ÑвободÑ. ÐлÑ
+ÑопÑоÑÐ¸Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñлежке нам надо не
иденÑиÑиÑиÑоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑайÑаÑ
, еÑли в ÑÑом
+Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
одимоÑÑи, и покÑпаÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑи
анонимно — за налиÑнÑе, а не Ñ
+помоÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑкиÑ
каÑÑ. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑ
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñвоими вÑÑиÑлениÑми,
+нам не ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸
неÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами, ни
+пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами.</p>
+
+<p>РпÑежде вÑего нам никогда не ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸
покÑпаÑÑ, ни полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+пÑодÑкÑами, коÑоÑÑе ÑеализÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑовое
ÑпÑавление огÑаниÑениÑми, еÑли ÑолÑко
+Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñно Ð½ÐµÑ ÑÑедÑÑв Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ñ
взлома.
ÐÑодÑкÑÑ Ñ ÑиÑÑовÑм ÑпÑавлением
+огÑаниÑениÑми — ÑÑо западнÑ; не
попадайÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑиманкÑ!</p>
+
+<h4 id="others">ÐаÑиÑа ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
</h4>
+
+<p>ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ пÑедпÑинимаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑмÑе дейÑÑвиÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
в ÑиÑÑовом
+миÑе. ÐапÑимеÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ ÑнимаÑÑ Ð¿Ð°Ñоли Ñо
ÑвоиÑ
беÑпÑоводнÑÑ
+ÑеÑей — ÑÑо безопаÑно, и ÑÑо
оÑлаблÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑи Ñлежки Ñо
+ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва (Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ
конÑиденÑиалÑноÑÑи ÑвоиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
+ÑообÑений в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе в Ñой ÑÑепени, в
какой ÑÑо возможно, ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ ÑиÑÑование
+Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ конÑа до дÑÑгого). ÐÑли дÑÑгие
занимаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно болÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ
+пÑопÑÑкной ÑпоÑобноÑÑи, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑо
Ñоздавало наÑÑоÑÑие неÑдобÑÑва, нам нÑжно
+заÑиÑаÑÑ ÑебÑ, но Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ ÑпеÑва
иÑпÑобоваÑÑ Ð¼Ñгкие меÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ (напÑимеÑ,
+поговоÑиÑÑ Ñ ÑоÑедÑми или вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ñемени
ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
+два), и оÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑоÑнного
паÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº кÑайнÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðогда Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑбликÑем, нам ÑледÑеÑ
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм наÑиÑ
ÑабоÑ
+ÑвободÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ
они заÑлÑживаÑÑ, пÑименÑÑ
ÑвнÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑ, подÑ
одÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+данного Ñипа пÑоизведений. ÐлÑ
пÑоизведений, коÑоÑÑе вÑÑажаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñи мÑÑли
или
+наблÑдениÑ, а Ñакже Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ñоизведений
иÑкÑÑÑÑва лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° допÑÑкаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº
+минимÑм некоммеÑÑеÑкое
пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение ÑоÑнÑÑ
копий;
Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ð»ÑбаÑ
+лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creative Commons</span> (Ñ
наÑÑаивал
+на Ñакой лиÑензии Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи).
ÐÑоизведениÑ, ÑеÑаÑÑие ÑÑнкÑионалÑнÑе
+задаÑи, Ñакие как пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑпÑавоÑнÑе
или обÑазоваÑелÑнÑе ÑÑÑдÑ, должнÑ
+ÑопÑовождаÑÑÑÑ Ñвободной лиÑензией,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм
+ÑеÑÑÑе ÑвободÑ.</p>
+
+<h4 id="inclusioninfreedom">ÐÑ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñвободой</h4>
+
+<p>РпÑоÑеÑÑе наÑей ÑабоÑÑ, помогаÑÑей
дÑÑгим в пÑакÑиÑеÑкой деÑÑелÑноÑÑи, мÑ
+Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð½ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ вÑеда на
более глÑбоком ÑÑовне. Ðока Ñвобода
+пÑи обÑÑном полÑзовании ÐнÑеÑнеÑом не
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑована, пÑоекÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ оÑ
ваÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
никой Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑделÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñобое
внимание ÑомÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ ÑеÑ
ники,
+коÑоÑой они ÑодейÑÑвÑÑÑ, Ñважал ÑвободÑ.
ÐÑо ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ñименение ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм — Ñж конеÑно, не Windows и не MacOS.
ÐÑо знаÑиÑ
+пÑименение ÑвободнÑÑ
докÑменÑиÑованнÑÑ
ÑоÑмаÑов без ÑиÑÑового ÑпÑавлениÑ
+огÑаниÑениÑми. ÐÑо знаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñакже, ÑÑо Ñе, на
полÑÐ·Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо пÑедположиÑелÑно
+идеÑ, не подÑÑавлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¶ÐºÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
ÑензÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ñой пÑакÑики
+обÑабоÑки инÑоÑмаÑии, в коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
вовлекаÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="footnotes">ÐÑимеÑаниÑ</h3>
+
+<dl>
+<dt id="foot100">...-каÑе.<a href="#tex2html1"><sup>1</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24510571-2703,00.html";>http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24510571-2703,00.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot101">...полиÑии<a href="#tex2html3"><sup>2</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html";>http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot102">...лиÑ<a href="#tex2html5"><sup>3</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a href="http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379";>
+http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot103">...оппозиÑии<a
href="#tex2html7"><sup>4</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
href="http://www.aclu.org/safefree/spyfiles/24011res20060131.html";>
+http://www.aclu.org/safefree/spyfiles/24011res20060131.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot104">...“ÑеÑÑоÑизме”<a
href="#tex2html9"><sup>5</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group";>http://democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot105">...“ÑеÑÑоÑиÑÑами”<a
href="#tex2html11"><sup>6</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/international/story?id=7891929";>
+http://abcnews.go.com/international/story?id=7891929</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot20">...диÑÑиденÑов<a
href="#tex2html13"><sup>7</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. докÑменÑалÑнÑй ÑилÑм РодÑиго
ÐаÑкеÑа “ÐондоÑ: пеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð° Ñ
+ÑеÑÑоÑом“ (2003 год).
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot106">...диÑÑиденÑов<a
href="#tex2html14"><sup>8</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm";>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot107">...пÑоÑив абоÑÑов<a
href="#tex2html16"><sup>9</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine?fp=16&fpid=1";>http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine?fp=16&fpid=1</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot108">...запÑеÑенного<a
href="#tex2html18"><sup>10</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2009/03/17/1237054787635.html";>http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2009/03/17/1237054787635.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot109">...ÑензÑÑÑ Ð² ÐнÑеÑнеÑе<a
href="#tex2html20"><sup>11</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/";>http://netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot110">...ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑаÑи в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе<a
href="#tex2html22"><sup>12</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms";>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot28">...над живоÑнÑми<a
href="#tex2html24"><sup>13</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>Я поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑинÑкие иÑÑледованиÑ
Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑзованием живоÑнÑÑ
, как и
+пÑава на абоÑÑ. ÐаÑа заÑиÑа полиÑиÑеÑкой
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ðµ должна огÑаниÑиваÑÑÑÑ
+движениÑми, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми Ð¼Ñ ÑоглаÑнÑ.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot111">...ÑодиÑелей<a
href="#tex2html25"><sup>14</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/28029.html";>http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/28029.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot112">...оÑноÑениÑÑ
<a
href="#tex2html27"><sup>15</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/052909-20-years-after-tiananmen-china.html
+">
+http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/052909-20-years-after-tiananmen-china.html
+</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot113">...ÑвободÑ<a href="#tex2html29"><sup>16</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">
+http://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot114">...ÑазобÑеннÑми<a
href="#tex2html31"><sup>17</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>ÐÑÑгие аÑгÑменÑÑ Ñм. на <a
href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> и <a
+href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot115">...пÑогÑамм<a
href="#tex2html34"><sup>18</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a href="http://directory.fsf.org";>http://directory.fsf.org</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot116">...полÑзоваÑелей<a
href="#tex2html36"><sup>19</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption";>
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot117">...GNU/Linux<a href="#tex2html38"><sup>20</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">
+http://gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot118">...на обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
наÑалаÑ
<a
href="#tex2html40"><sup>21</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>ÐекоÑоÑÑе моÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ñм. на <a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot119">...за полÑзоваÑелем<a
href="#tex2html43"><sup>22</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/02/28/windows_update_keeps_tabs/";>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/02/28/windows_update_keeps_tabs/</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot120">...в полном обÑеме<a
href="#tex2html45"><sup>23</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a href="http://badvista.org";>http://badvista.org</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot121">...в лÑбое вÑемÑ<a
href="#tex2html47"><sup>24</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201806263";>http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201806263</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot122">...ÑобÑÑвеннÑе<a
href="#tex2html49"><sup>25</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html";>http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot123">...Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑлок<a
href="#tex2html51"><sup>26</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>СÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑоÑма, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
пÑоÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° маÑине, доÑÑÑпна ÑолÑко в
+“аÑендє; <a
+href="http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf";>
+http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot124">...запаÑенÑован<a
href="#tex2html53"><sup>27</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20120307122114/http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf";>
+http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf</a>
+(аÑÑ
ивиÑовано).
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot125">...на два миллиона<a
href="#tex2html56"><sup>28</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars";>http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot126">...анÑиконÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑй<a
href="#tex2html58"><sup>29</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court";>http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot127">...пÑедложений<a
href="#tex2html60"><sup>30</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars";>http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot128">...“пиÑаÑÑÑво”<a
href="#tex2html62"><sup>31</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot129">...ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”<a
href="#tex2html64"><sup>32</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. на <a
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html</a>,
+поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо пÑопагандиÑÑÑкое вÑÑажение
вÑедно.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot130">...Ñели<a href="#tex2html66"><sup>33</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html";>http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot66">...DRM<a href="#tex2html68"><sup>34</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>ÐÑи издаÑели, в акÑе двоеÑеÑиÑ, назÑваÑÑ
ÑÑо “ÑпÑавлением ÑиÑÑовÑми
+пÑавами”.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot131">...в двеÑÑи Ñаз<a
href="#tex2html69"><sup>35</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html";>http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot132">...звÑкозапиÑи<a
href="#tex2html72"><sup>36</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing";>http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot133">...дней<a href="#tex2html74"><sup>37</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";>http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot134">...к ÑÑÑеÑÑвованиÑ<a
href="#tex2html76"><sup>38</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php";>http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot135">...доÑ
ода<a href="#tex2html78"><sup>39</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>Ðое пÑедложение 1992 года Ñм. на <a
href="/philosophy/dat.html">
+http://gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot79">...ÐÑге<a href="#tex2html80"><sup>40</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>Ðлава ÐабоÑаÑоÑии ÑеÑей Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
инÑоÑмаÑионного обÑеÑÑва в ÐеневÑком
+ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑе.
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot136">...плаÑежами<a
href="#tex2html81"><sup>41</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>См. <a
+href="http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html";>http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p><em>ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑк впеÑвÑе бÑл опÑбликован на
конÑеÑенÑии
+“ÐалейдоÑкоп” 2009 года
ÐеждÑнаÑодного ÑоÑза ÑлекÑÑоÑвÑзи в
+ÐаÑ-делÑ-ÐлаÑе (ÐÑгенÑина)</em>.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<h3>ÐÑимеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеводÑиков</h3>
+<ol><li id="tf1">
+<span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Swindle</span> —
+англ. “надÑваÑелÑÑÑво”.</li>
+<li id="tf2">
+<span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Shreader</span> —
+ÑозвÑÑно Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð³Ð». <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">shredder</span>
+(ÑинковÑик).</li></ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2009 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2013 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/07/23 10:30:47 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: fs-translations.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: fs-translations.ru.html
diff -N fs-translations.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ fs-translations.ru.html 23 Jul 2013 10:30:47 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/fs-translations.en.html" -->
+
+<title>ÐеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ “ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммє - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
+Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fs-translations.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>ÐеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ “ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммє</h2>
+
+<p>ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑпиÑок ÑекомендованнÑÑ
недвÑÑмÑÑленнÑÑ
пеÑеводов вÑÑажениÑ
+“ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммє (<a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Ð¾Ñ Ñлова
+“Ñвобода”</a>) на ÑазнÑе ÑзÑки.</p>
+
+<p>РоÑделÑной колонке Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ñиводим Ñакже
пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ “беÑплаÑнÑе
+пÑогÑаммє, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÑ Ð¾ÑлиÑие на
ÑазнÑÑ
ÑзÑкаÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑли Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавки или Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑпиÑкÑ, пÑиÑÑлайÑе иÑ
,
+пожалÑйÑÑа, по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+ÐолÑзÑйÑеÑÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа, в Ñвоем ÑообÑении
кодиÑовкой UTF-8. СпаÑибо.</p>
+
+<p>ÐаÑинÑкие бÑÐºÐ²Ñ Ð² ÑкобкаÑ
поÑле
некоÑоÑÑÑ
пеÑеводов пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñобой
+ÑÑанÑлиÑеÑаÑии (Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñми, где ÑÑо
Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑмÑÑл, глаÑнÑми). ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе,
+пожалÑйÑÑа, попÑавки и Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ к ним
Ñоже.</p>
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>Ðод ÑзÑка</th><th>Ðазвание ÑзÑка</th>
+<th>ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</th><th>беÑплаÑнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ</th><th>ÐÑимеÑание</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>af</td><td>аÑÑикаанÑ</td>
+<td lang="af" xml:lang="af">
+vrye sagteware</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ar</td><td>аÑабÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">برÙ
جÙات Øرة (barmagiyat ḥorrah)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>be</td><td>белоÑÑÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="be" xml:lang="be">
+Ñвабоднае пÑагÑамнае забеÑÑпÑÑÑнÑне</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>bg</td><td>болгаÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">
+Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</td>
+<td lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">
+безплаÑен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ca</td><td>каÑаланÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">
+programari lliure</td>
+<td lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">
+programari gratuït</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>cs</td><td>ÑеÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">
+svobodný software</td>
+<td lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">
+bezplatný software</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>cy</td><td>валлийÑкий</td>
+<td lang="cy" xml:lang="cy">
+meddalwedd rydd</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>da</td><td>даÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="da" xml:lang="da">
+fri software / frit programmel</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>de</td><td>немеÑкий</td>
+<td lang="de" xml:lang="de">
+freie Software</td>
+<td lang="de" xml:lang="de">
+Gratis-Software / Kostenlose Software</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>el</td><td>гÑеÑеÑкий</td>
+<td lang="el" xml:lang="el">
+ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ (eleuthero logismiko)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>eo</td><td>ÑÑпеÑанÑо</td>
+<td lang="eo" xml:lang="eo">
+libera programaro / programo</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>es</td><td>иÑпанÑкий</td>
+<td lang="es" xml:lang="es">
+software libre</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>et</td><td>ÑÑÑонÑкий</td>
+<td lang="et" xml:lang="et">
+vaba tarkvara</td>
+<td lang="et" xml:lang="et">
+tasuta tarkvara</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>fa</td><td>пеÑÑидÑкий (ÑаÑÑи)</td>
+<td lang="fa" xml:lang="fa">ÙرÙ
اÙزار٠آزاد (nrmafzar azad)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>fi</td><td>ÑинÑкий</td>
+<td lang="fi" xml:lang="fi">
+vapaa ohjelmisto</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>fr</td><td>ÑÑанÑÑзÑкий</td>
+<td lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
+logiciel libre</td>
+<td lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
+logiciel gratuit</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ga</td><td>иÑландÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ga" xml:lang="ga">
+bog earraà saoire</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>he</td><td>ивÑиÑ</td>
+<td lang="he" xml:lang="he">ת××× × ××פש×ת (tochna chofshit)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hi</td><td>Ñ
инди</td>
+<td lang="hi" xml:lang="hi">
+मà¥à¤à¥à¤¤ सà¥à¤«à¥à¤à¤µà¥à¤¯à¤° (mukt software)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hr / sr</td><td>Ñ
оÑваÑÑкий / ÑеÑбÑкий</td>
+<td lang="hr" xml:lang="hr">
+slobodni softver / Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hu</td><td>венгеÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">
+szabad szoftver</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hy</td><td>аÑмÑнÑкий</td>
+<td lang="hy" xml:lang="hy">
+Õ¡Õ¦Õ¡Õ¿ Õ®ÖÕ¡Õ£Õ«Ö/Õ®ÖÕ¡Õ£ÖÕ¥Ö (azat tsragir/tsragrer)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ia</td><td>инÑеÑлингва</td>
+<td lang="ia" xml:lang="ia">
+libere programmage / libere programmario</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>id</td><td>индонезийÑкий</td>
+<td lang="id" xml:lang="id">
+perangkat lunak bebas</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>io</td><td>идо</td>
+<td lang="io" xml:lang="io">
+libera programaro</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>is</td><td>иÑландÑкий</td>
+<td lang="is" xml:lang="is">
+frjáls hugbúnaður</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>it</td><td>иÑалÑÑнÑкий</td>
+<td lang="it" xml:lang="it">
+software libero</td>
+<td lang="it" xml:lang="it">
+software gratuito</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ja</td><td>ÑпонÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">
+èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ (jiyuu software)</td>
+<td lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">
+ç¡æã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ (muryou software)</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ko</td><td>коÑейÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">
+ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ (ja-yu software)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>lt</td><td>лиÑовÑкий</td>
+<td lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">
+laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga</td>
+<td lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">
+nemokama programinÄ Ä¯ranga</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>mk</td><td>македонÑкий</td>
+<td lang="mk" xml:lang="mk">
+Ñлободен ÑоÑÑвеÑ</td>
+<td lang="mk" xml:lang="mk">
+беÑплаÑен ÑоÑÑвеÑ</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ml</td><td>малаÑлам</td>
+<td lang="ml" xml:lang="ml">
+à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
(svatantrasophṯṯveyar)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ms</td><td>малайÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">
+perisian bebas</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>nl</td><td>голландÑкий</td>
+<td lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">
+vrije software</td>
+<td lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">
+gratis software</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>no</td><td>ноÑвежÑкий</td>
+<td lang="no" xml:lang="no">
+fri programvare</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>pl</td><td>полÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">
+wolne oprogramowanie</td>
+<td lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">
+darmowe oprogramowanie</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>pt</td><td>поÑÑÑгалÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">
+software livre</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ro</td><td>ÑÑмÑнÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">
+software liber</td>
+<td lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">
+programe gratuite</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ru</td><td>ÑÑÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</td>
+<td lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">
+беÑплаÑнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sc</td><td>ÑаÑдинÑкий</td>
+<td lang="sc" xml:lang="sc">
+software liberu</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>si</td><td>ÑингалÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="si" xml:lang="si">
+නà·à¶¯à·à·à· මà·à¶¯à·à¶à·à¶à¶ (nidahas má¹dukÄá¹
ga)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sk</td><td>ÑловаÑкий</td>
+<td lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">
+slobodný softvér</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sl</td><td>ÑловенÑкий</td>
+<td lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">
+prosto programje</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sq</td><td>албанÑкий</td>
+<td lang="sq" xml:lang="sq">
+software i lirë</td>
+<td lang="sq" xml:lang="sq">
+software falas</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sr / hr</td><td>ÑеÑбÑкий / Ñ
оÑваÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">
+Ñлободни ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ / slobodni softver</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sv</td><td>ÑведÑкий</td>
+<td lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">
+fri programvara / fri mjukvara</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sw</td><td>ÑÑаÑ
или</td>
+<td lang="sw" xml:lang="sw">
+Programu huru za Kompyuta</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ta</td><td>ÑамилÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="ta" xml:lang="ta">
+à®à®à¯à®à®±à¯à®± à®®à¯à®©à¯à®ªà¯à®°à¯à®³à¯ (kaá¹á¹aá¹á¹a
meá¹poñaḷ)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>th</td><td>ÑайÑкий</td>
+<td lang="th" xml:lang="th">
+à¸à¸à¸à¸à¹à¹à¸§à¸£à¹à¹à¸ªà¸£à¸µ (sofotwerseri)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>tl</td><td>ÑагалÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="tl" xml:lang="tl">
+malayang software</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>tr</td><td>ÑÑÑеÑкий</td>
+<td lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">
+özgür yazılım</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>uk</td><td>ÑкÑаинÑкий</td>
+<td lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">
+вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>vi</td><td>вÑеÑнамÑкий</td>
+<td lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">
+phần má»m tá»± do</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>zh-cn</td><td>киÑайÑкий (ÑпÑоÑенное пиÑÑмо)</td>
+<td lang="zh-cn" xml:lang="zh-cn">
+èªç±è½¯ä»¶ (zi-you ruan-jian)</td>
+<td lang="zh-cn" xml:lang="zh-cn">
+å
费软件</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>zh-tw</td><td>киÑайÑкий (ÑÑадиÑионное
пиÑÑмо)</td>
+<td lang="zh-tw" xml:lang="zh-tw">
+èªç±è»é« (zih-yo)</td>
+<td lang="zh-tw" xml:lang="zh-tw">
+å
è²»è»é«</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>zu</td><td>зÑлÑÑÑкий</td>
+<td lang="zu" xml:lang="zu">
+Isoftware Ekhululekile</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012,
+2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/07/23 10:30:47 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: rms-aj.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-aj.ru.html
diff -N rms-aj.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-aj.ru.html 23 Jul 2013 10:30:47 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,806 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/rms-aj.en.html" -->
+
+<title>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен на пеÑедаÑе ÐлекÑа
ÐжонÑа - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-aj.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен на пеÑедаÑе ÐлекÑа
ÐжонÑа</h2>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>ÐÑо запиÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑвÑÑ Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑдом
СÑолменом, пÑоведенного ÐлекÑом ÐжонÑом
+19 ÑнваÑÑ 2012 года.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<dl>
+
+<dt>ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ ÐжонÑ</dt>
+
+<dd>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, дÑÑзÑÑ, ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ðµ-ÑÑо по-наÑÑоÑÑемÑ
+инÑеÑеÑное: когда говоÑÑÑ Ð¾ деÑÑÑи лÑдÑÑ
в
облаÑÑи ÐнÑеÑнеÑа, коÑоÑÑе
+ÑеÑÑезно изменили наÑи воззÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑÑолÑко ÑазнÑÑ
веÑей, ÑпоминаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑоÑа
+РиÑаÑда СÑолмена. ÐÑо ÑазÑабоÑÑик
пÑогÑамм и акÑивиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм, он
+полÑÑил диплом бакалавÑа по Ñизике в
ÐаÑваÑде в ÑемÑдеÑÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑÑом годÑ; за
+вÑдаÑÑиеÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñло пÑиÑÑждено
много пÑемий, и многие инÑÑиÑÑÑÑ
+пÑиÑвоили ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑеÑнÑе Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑоÑа и
пÑоÑеÑÑоÑа.</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑнваÑе воÑемÑдеÑÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑÑого года он
ÑволилÑÑ Ð¸Ð· MIT, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ
+над опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемой GNU, коÑоÑаÑ
задÑмÑвалаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑовокÑпноÑÑÑ
+полноÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, и Ñ ÑеÑ
поÑ
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑÑменнÑм ÑÑководиÑелем
+ÑÑого пÑоекÑа. ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен наÑал Ñакже
движение за Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное
+обеÑпеÑение.</p>
+
+<p>РокÑÑбÑе воÑемÑдеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑого года он
оÑновал Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (и Ñлава богÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ниÑего Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑабоÑало, еÑли Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾
+ÑиÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑали на Ñом, Ñем Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑмиÑ
Microsoft — Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñего не
+Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, но ÑÑо Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ), а в
1999 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен пÑизвал к
+ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ Ñвободной ÑнÑиклопедии в ÑеÑи, в
коÑоÑой бÑли Ð±Ñ ÑÑедÑÑва
+пÑиглаÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑи, Ñак
ÑÑо он бÑл пÑаÑодиÑелем Ðикипедии.</p>
+
+<p>Ðогда он бÑл в вÑзе, он Ñакже ÑабоÑал в
каÑеÑÑве ÑÑаÑного Ñ
акеÑа в
+ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа MIT,
пÑиобÑеÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑакÑике навÑки
+ÑазÑабоÑки опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем.</p>
+
+<p>СÑолмен впеÑвÑе ввел понÑÑие
“авÑоÑÑкого лева” и ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
+главнÑм авÑоÑом СÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной
лиÑензии GNU, Ñамой ÑпоÑÑебиÑелÑной
+лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
ÑеÑÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ²ÑноÑÑÑÑ
годов СÑолмен
+оÑновнÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ Ñвоего вÑемени ÑделÑеÑ
полиÑиÑеÑкой поддеÑжке ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм и попÑлÑÑизаÑии ÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
идей, а
Ñакже кампаниÑм пÑоÑив паÑенÑов
+на пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ опаÑного ÑаÑÑиÑениÑ
законов об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑемÑ
+ÑÑо, веÑоÑÑно, ÑамÑй лÑÑÑий ÑобеÑедник,
коÑоÑого ÑолÑко можно пÑиглаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+обÑÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð Ð¾ÑÑии, ÐиÑаÑ, СШÐ: вÑе они
пÑименÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое пÑаво, а заÑем
+пÑизнаÑÑ, ÑÑо они полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ длÑ
пÑеÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñлова.</p>
+
+<p>SOPA пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñобой ÑолÑко одно из
пÑоÑвлений ÑÑого. Ð ÑÑо ÑÑдовиÑе
+ненадолго оÑÑÑÑпаеÑ, но оно Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑией
веÑнеÑÑÑ, и оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑкоÑо: вÑего ÑеÑез
+неÑколÑко неделÑ. ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑÑо пиÑÑÑ Ð²
“ÐÑÑоÑиÑйÑед пÑеÑÑ”:
+“ÐеÑÑ
овнÑй ÑÑд поÑÑановил, ÑÑо конгÑеÑÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð²ÑаÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоизведениÑ
+из обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ дейÑÑвие
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава”,
+пÑоизведениÑ, коÑоÑÑе бÑли извеÑÑÐ½Ñ ÑоÑни
леÑ; ÑÑо поÑазиÑелÑно, Ñак ÑÑо воÑ
+ÑоÑ, кÑо ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²ÐµÐµÑ ÑазнÑе ÑжаÑÑ ÑаÑÑиÑениÑ
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава —
+пÑоÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¸ докÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен. СпаÑибо за Ñо,
ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑли к нам, ÑÑÑ.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐдÑавÑÑвÑйÑе.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐдÑавÑÑвÑйÑе. ЧÑо же, давайÑе пеÑейдем к
делÑ, Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ —
+ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑе Ñ Ñем, ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
наÑиÑ
глазаÑ
?</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ, Ñ ÐµÑе не ÑиÑал никакиÑ
подÑобноÑÑей о
ÑегоднÑÑнем ÑеÑении ÐеÑÑ
овного
+ÑÑда, Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ еÑе не видел. Ðо ÑанÑÑе в
ÑеÑениÑÑ
дÑÑгого ÐеÑÑ
овного ÑÑда бÑло
+Ñказано, ÑÑо возвÑаÑаÑÑ ÑÑо-либо из
обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ дейÑÑвие
+авÑоÑÑкого пÑава неконÑÑиÑÑÑионно. Ðо
ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑд оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑаÑположен к деловÑм
+кÑÑгам, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем ÑаÑÑÑиÑÑваÑÑ, ÑÑо он
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ñава Ñеловека. Ðни
+ÑобиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑдаÑÑ ÑÑи пÑава Ñеловека
коÑпоÑаÑиÑм и заÑиÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ñава
+коÑпоÑаÑий, а не пÑава лÑдей в каком Ð±Ñ Ñо
ни бÑло пÑакÑиÑеÑком ÑмÑÑле.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðа, ÑÑÑ. ЧÑо побÑдило Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ
ÑазвиваÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¸, коÑоÑÑе легли в оÑновÑ
+Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное
обеÑпеÑение, коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸ Ñ
од?</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Я жил в ÑообÑеÑÑве Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑемидеÑÑÑÑÑ
годаÑ
+XX века, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ полÑзовалиÑÑ ÑÑим
вÑÑажением, когда Ñ ÑабоÑал в
+ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа в
MIT. ÐÑо бÑла ÑаÑÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑва, в
+коÑоÑом Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами,
коÑоÑÑе Ð¼Ñ ÑазÑабаÑÑвали, и вÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑми Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзовалиÑÑ, бÑли
пÑогÑаммами ÑообÑеÑÑва, а Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñли
+ÑÑаÑÑÐ»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ñо вÑÑким, кÑо
бÑл в ÑÑом заинÑеÑеÑован, и мÑ
+надеÑлиÑÑ, ÑÑо еÑли они ÑлÑÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ñ
, Ñо они
веÑнÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
назад, и ÑаÑÑо они Ñак
+и делали.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо ÑÑо ÑообÑеÑÑво ÑмеÑло в наÑале
воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑÑ
, оÑÑавив Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ на один Ñ
+миÑом неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм — именно
Ñаким обÑазом полÑзовалиÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммами вÑе оÑÑалÑнÑе. Рпо ÑÑавнениÑ
Ñо Ñвободной жизнÑÑ, к коÑоÑой Ñ
+пÑивÑк, неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñли
оÑвÑаÑиÑелÑÐ½Ñ — нÑавÑÑвенно
+оÑвÑаÑиÑелÑнÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо мне ÑÑого не Ñ
оÑелоÑÑ, Ñ Ñказал,
ÑÑо не ÑобиÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ
+ÑÑеди неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, мне бÑло бÑ
ÑÑÑдно жиÑÑ, еÑли Ð±Ñ Ñ Ñделал ÑÑо,
+Ñак ÑÑо Ñ ÑеÑил поÑÑÑоиÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ðµ ÑообÑеÑÑво
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ. ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑаÑое ÑообÑеÑÑво
бÑло оÑновано на пÑогÑаммаÑ
длÑ
+ÑÑÑаÑевÑиÑ
компÑÑÑеÑов, бÑло необÑ
одимо
вÑе наÑинаÑÑ ÑнаÑала. Так ÑÑо Ñ
+оÑганизовал пÑоекÑ, и ÑепеÑÑ ÐµÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе опеÑаÑионнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ, ÑейÑаÑ
+ÑолÑко-ÑолÑко возможно полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑами и не иÑпÑÑÑваÑÑ ÑгнеÑениÑ
+Ñо ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑиков неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðо ÑаÑÑиÑÑÑ ÑемÑ, ÑÑо каÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава на ÑекÑÑÑ, возÑмиÑе
+“РайÑÑ
евен”, они полноÑÑÑÑ
пÑовалилиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑде, они ÑÑдилиÑÑ Ñо
+множеÑÑвом лÑдей по вÑей ÑеÑи ÑолÑко за Ñо,
ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
взÑли Ð°Ð±Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° доÑке
+комменÑаÑиев, кÑда его даже помеÑÑили, как
ÑÑо ÑовеÑÑенно оÑевидно, лÑди Ñо
+ÑÑоÑонÑ, и за иÑ
Ñпиной ÑÑоÑли
“ÐÑÑоÑиÑйÑед пÑеÑÑ” и дÑÑгие, Ñо
+еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑивно видеÑÑ, как “ÐÑÑоÑиÑйÑед
пÑеÑÑ” Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð² ÑÑд, Ñак
+ÑказаÑÑ, на паÑалиÑиков и обÑеÑÑвеннÑе
гÑÑÐ¿Ð¿Ñ Ð°ÐºÑивиÑÑов, помогаÑÑиÑ
+бездомнÑм лÑдÑм, за Ñо, ÑÑо в иÑ
ÑÑаÑÑе бÑл
один Ð°Ð±Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð· иÑ
ÑÑаÑÑи, и они
+Ñвно во многиÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
обÑÑждали Ñвои
ÑобÑÑвеннÑе дела — они
+попали в ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑей, они опÑбликовали
ÑÑо в Ñвоем блоге о Ñебе в ÑелÑÑ
+гÑманиÑаÑного обÑÑждениÑ, нелÑÐ·Ñ Ð±Ñло бÑ
пÑивеÑÑи более ÑÑнÑй пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ
+Ñлова, а на ниÑ
подали в ÑÑд.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ, еÑли Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ поÑли в ÑÑд, они могли бÑ
вÑигÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑÑ, оÑвеÑÑики могли
+Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑигÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° оÑновании Ñвободного
иÑполÑзованиÑ; пÑоблема в Ñом, ÑÑо ÑÑо
+ÑÑÑдно пÑедÑказаÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ñанее, а пойÑи в ÑÑд и
вÑÑÑниÑÑ ÑÑо ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ денег,
+Ñак ÑÑо Ñ ÑÑиÑ
лÑдей, навеÑное, не бÑло
доÑÑаÑоÑно денег, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ Ñо,
+ÑÑо, возможно и ÑкоÑее вÑего, бÑло иÑ
пÑавом. Ðо Ñвободное иÑполÑзование
+опÑеделÑеÑÑÑ Ð² авÑоÑÑком пÑаве Ñак, ÑÑо
ÑÑо не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑвнÑм
+ÑазÑеÑением. ÐÑо ÑолÑко ÑмÑÑно
ÑÑоÑмÑлиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑа Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ в
+наÑÑÑении авÑоÑÑкого пÑава.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ Ð´Ð°, в каждом ÑлÑÑае по-ÑвоемÑ.
ÐовÑемеÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñмена декоÑаÑий, в
+оÑобенноÑÑи в ÑлÑÑае SOPA, ободÑÑеÑ, когда
видиÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑие пÑовалÑ, видиÑÑ...</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Ðа. РознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑо, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð´Ð° можем
победиÑÑ ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки авÑоÑÑкого
+пÑава, когда они ÑÑебÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑи.
ÐонеÑно, Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ñ
еÑе не
+победили. Ðо по кÑайней меÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ
одим
близко к победе над ними, и мÑ,
+возможно, победим иÑ
, но Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑаÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾
вÑем, кÑо Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑлÑÑаеÑ: ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
+нÑжно позвониÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑенаÑоÑÑ, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо на ÑледÑÑÑей неделе они бÑдÑÑ
+голоÑоваÑÑ. Так ÑÑо по кÑайней меÑе, даже
еÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñамом деле не победим
+иÑ
, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ñла к
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñно близко.</p>
+
+<p>Такое ÑÑажение пÑоизоÑло впеÑвÑе. Ðогда
пÑоÑ
одил Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве
+ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑÐ¸Ñ (закон, налагаÑÑий
ÑензÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑми вÑ
+можеÑе воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÑованиÑ
заÑиÑÑованнÑÑ
пÑбликаÑий, коÑоÑÑми
+Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе взломаÑÑ ÑиÑÑовÑе наÑÑÑники), он
пÑоÑел в ÐалаÑе пÑедÑÑавиÑелей
+без Ñвного голоÑованиÑ, ÑÑиÑали, ÑÑо он не
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²ÑзваÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
возÑажений,
+и ÑÑеди Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñло ÑолÑко неÑколÑко Ñеловек,
коÑоÑÑе говоÑили, ÑÑо ÑÑо
+неÑпÑаведливоÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Рименно поÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление
огÑаниÑениÑми, или DRM, доÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð²
+наÑи дни ÑÑолÑко непÑиÑÑноÑÑей —
из-за ÑÑого закона об авÑоÑÑком
+пÑаве, коÑоÑÑй ÑÑоÑонники авÑоÑÑкого
пÑава кÑпили в 1998 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸
+коÑоÑÑй запÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе в
ÑоÑÑоÑнии взломаÑÑ ÑиÑÑовÑе
+наÑÑÑники. Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив
вÑего, Ñего желаÑÑ ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки
+авÑоÑÑкого пÑава, пока они не наÑнÑÑ
иÑпÑавлÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑе из
+неÑпÑаведливоÑÑей, коÑоÑÑе они Ñже
навÑзали нам.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐокÑоÑ, позволÑÑе мне оÑениÑÑ Ñо Ñвоей
позиÑии пÑоÑÑого обÑваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸
+попÑавÑÑе менÑ, еÑли Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ñав, но Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑо
Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº неÑпÑаведливоÑÑÑ:
+они говоÑÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвоиÑ
пÑаваÑ
, пÑÑаÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑановиÑÑ Ð¿ÑедвзÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·
+обÑÑждений и ÑÑдебнÑÑ
ÑоÑмалÑноÑÑей, в
коÑоÑой обвинÑемÑй виновен, пока не
+доказано, ÑÑо он виновен...</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑе в видÑ, виновен, пока не
доказано, ÑÑо невиновен.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ, ÑÑо бÑл ÑаÑказм, Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо
Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ, и ÑоÑка. ÐÑ
+да, виновен, пока не доказано, ÑÑо виновен,
ÑÑо бÑл ÑаÑказм.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ð, Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð¾.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðо Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ
заÑанее. Рони попÑоÑÑÑ ÑжиÑаÑÑ ÐнÑеÑнеÑ,
+ÑжиÑаÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо Ñоздал наÑод, ÑжиÑаÑÑ Ð²Ñе
ÑÑо, как бÑдÑо они Ñ
озÑева
+вÑеленной, и пока они не обÑазÑмÑÑÑÑ, Ñ
ними беÑполезно ÑÑо-либо обÑÑждаÑÑ,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они ни к ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ
пÑиÑлÑÑиваÑÑÑÑ.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Я ÑоглаÑен. Ðо более Ñого, более Ñонкий
вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, ÑÑо они занимаÑÑÑÑ
+Ñем, ÑÑо пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑÑокÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
на иÑ
пÑоблемаÑ
, как бÑдÑо ÑеÑениÑ
+иÑ
пÑоблем нÑжно ÑодейÑÑвоваÑÑ, оÑÑавлÑÑ Ð²
Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² Ñени пÑоблемÑ,
+коÑоÑÑе они Ñже Ñоздали Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>Я надеÑÑÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð¼ SOPA. Ðо не
забÑвайÑе, ÑÑо авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво в
+СШРÑже Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð¼ ÑлиÑком много влаÑÑи.
ÐонеÑно, ÑÑо иÑ
не ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑеÑ, они
+вÑегда Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÑ 1% к 99%,
но даже еÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ дадим им
+полÑÑаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, ÑÑого не доÑÑаÑоÑно.</p>
+
+<p>Ðам надо поÑÑавиÑÑ ÑелÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, Ñем
пÑоÑÑо пÑедоÑвÑаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑнейÑие
+ÑÑ
ÑдÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑÑоÑонÑ. Ðам надо иÑпÑавиÑÑ
некоÑоÑÑе из неÑпÑаведливоÑÑей,
+коÑоÑÑе они нам Ñже пÑиÑинили. Ðам нÑжно
положиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð¼, ÑÑо
+жеÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð°, в коÑоÑой нападаÑÑ Ð½Ð° вÑеÑ
наÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, когда Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¾Ð± обмене, Ñ
подÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑо конкÑеÑное. Я
+подÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑеÑкое копиÑование
и пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение опÑбликованнÑÑ
+ÑабоÑ. ТоÑнÑÑ
копий, имееÑÑÑ Ð² видÑ, не
модиÑикаÑий. ÐÑо доволÑно
+огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñвобода, но ÑÑо Ñвобода,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° бÑÑÑ Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
, ÑÑобÑ
+законÑилаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð° Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ и авÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво пеÑеÑÑало бÑÑÑ ÑиÑанией.</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо им нÑжно
пÑекÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑовÑми
+наÑÑÑниками. ÐножеÑÑво пÑодÑкÑов ÑегоднÑ
ÑпÑоекÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑиÑÑовÑми
+наÑÑÑниками. РлÑбом пÑоигÑÑваÑеле DVD,
коÑоÑÑй Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе кÑпиÑÑ, еÑÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑовÑе наÑÑÑники...</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>ÐозволÑÑе мне пÑивеÑÑи пÑимеÑ. У менÑ
еÑÑÑ ÑелеÑÑÑдиÑ, Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ
+ÑелепеÑедаÑа, Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ ÑилÑмÑ. Я покÑпаÑ
полÑпÑоÑеÑÑионалÑное и
+пÑоÑеÑÑионалÑное обоÑÑдование, и половина
наÑиÑ
ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкиÑ
ÑÑÑдноÑÑей Ñ
+ÑиÑÑовÑм ÑелеобоÑÑдованием, мониÑоÑами,
камеÑами ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² полÑÑении нÑжнÑÑ
+клÑÑей Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм, вÑе, ÑÑо подклÑÑено и
говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑг Ñ Ð´ÑÑгом, оно должно
+полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑвеÑждение, ÑÑо мне позволено
пÑогонÑÑÑ ÑеÑез него видео, вÑе
+ÑÑо ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° мной и ÑковÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ
ÑабоÑÑ, вÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑоблÑдаÑÑ Ð²Ñе ÑÑо, а Ñ ÑÑо кÑпил, и Ñ
ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑÑÑÑ ÑÑим длÑ
+пÑоизводÑÑва ÑелепеÑедаÑ, и как ÑказÑвали
воÑемÑдеÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑаÑелей
+ÐнÑеÑнеÑа, ÑÑÐ¾Ñ SOPA иÑкалеÑÐ¸Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑ,
Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð²Ñе ÑÑи пÑедваÑиÑелÑнÑе
+огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>ÐÑ Ð´Ð°. Самое Ñ
ÑдÑее в SOPA — Ñо, ÑÑо
ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾ пÑикÑÑÑÑ
+лÑбой ÑайÑ, где пÑблика пиÑÐµÑ ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ.
ÐоÑÑаÑоÑно пÑоÑÑо вÑдвинÑÑÑ
+обвинение, ÑÑо кÑо-Ñо напиÑал ÑÑо-Ñо, ÑÑо
наÑÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое пÑаво, и
+пÑодолжение ÑабоÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑайÑа ÑÑановиÑÑÑ
поÑÑи невозможнÑм. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑемÑ
+ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑеÑа ÑеÑила одеÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑеÑное,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо в ÑÑловиÑÑ
SOPA бÑло бÑ
+невозможно ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÑемÑ, ÑÑо Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ
оÑдаленно Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ ÐикипедиÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, когда ÑÑа пеÑедаÑа конÑиÑÑÑ, Ñ Ñ
оÑел бÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ ÑаÑÑказали мне
+подÑобнее о ÑвоиÑ
пÑоблемаÑ
Ñ ÑÑими
ÑелевизионнÑми ÑиÑÑемами, или ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
+ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкий ÑпеÑиалиÑÑ ÑаÑÑказал мне об
ÑÑом, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑо облаÑÑÑ, о
+коÑоÑой Ñ Ð½Ðµ знаÑ, а Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо в
подÑобноÑÑÑÑ
.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>РазÑмееÑÑÑ, еÑли вам Ñгодно, докÑоÑ, Ñ
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑÑмо здеÑÑ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð° инженеÑа, и
+они могÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑÑо ÑазÑÑÑниÑÑ, но, как вÑ
понимаеÑе, за мной во вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑнÑÑ
+новоÑÑей два ÑелевизоÑа, и они —
ÑиÑÑовÑе, и Ñже ÑолÑко ÑÑобÑ
+подÑоединиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазговоÑа Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑем по
Skype или полÑÑиÑÑ Ñиний Ñон за
+мной, вÑе ÑелевизоÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе покÑпаеÑÑ, а
они ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑоÑеÑÑионалÑнÑе
+или пÑоÑеÑÑионалÑнÑе, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ ÑлÑз, в
коÑоÑом пÑовеÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе, ÑÑо Ð±Ñ Ñ
+ни пеÑедавал ÑеÑез него, на авÑоÑÑкие
пÑава, и Ñак без конÑа —
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами, нÑжно,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð² маÑине бÑла заглÑÑка, а
+поÑом она ÑикÑиÑÑеÑ...</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>ÐÑ, ÑÑо поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑеÑеÑÑ
неÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами. ÐонимаеÑе, Ñ
+пÑогÑаммами еÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ðµ возможноÑÑи —
либо полÑзоваÑели конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ, либо пÑогÑамма конÑÑолиÑÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей. ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð»ÑдаеÑе ÑоÑ
+ÑакÑ, ÑÑо, когда пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑ, они
конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей.</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, ÑÑо Ñакое неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ?
ÐÑо лÑбÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, в оÑноÑении
+коÑоÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей Ð½ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸, как им Ñгодно, изÑÑаÑÑ
+и пÑавиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, а Ñакже
пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñми или
+без ниÑ
. ÐÑак...</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðа-да, пÑоÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑноÑÑи, докÑоÑ...</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>...конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑ. Ðо в ÑлÑÑае Ñ Windows, MacOS или
Skype пÑогÑаммÑ
+конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
не Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñем из
+ÑÑого.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Так воÑ, именно маÑина ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° нами,
заÑанее обÑаÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð² Ñабов. Ðного
+наÑиÑ
маÑин ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑÑемаÑ
Linux, Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑеÑ
ник...</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐеÑ-неÑ, ÑÑо не ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Linux, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑемÑ
GNU, а Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе о моей ÑабоÑе
+над ними.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>ÐÑ Ð¿ÑавÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑодиÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÑого Ñ GNU, из
коÑоÑой вÑÑоÑло вÑе дÑÑгое. ÐÑак,
+ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU — Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ñ
много, один из
наÑиÑ
ÑпеÑиалиÑÑов по
+вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑеÑ
нике пÑоÑÑо влÑблен в
ваÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑаÑалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑоиÑÑ
+многое вокÑÑг Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ее подобиÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо оÑделÑно Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого, когда Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ
поÑвилоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñно болÑÑое
+пÑедпÑиÑÑие — не Ñакое Ñж болÑÑое,
ÑÑо-Ñо вÑоде ÑÑидÑаÑи ÑеÑÑÑеÑ
+Ñеловек — иногда нам пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ
ÑпеÑиÑÑ, пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑпаÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑи ÑелепеÑедаÑи, пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ Ð¿ÑиобÑеÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑдование, Ñ
+говоÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвеÑдоÑелÑной ÑеÑ
нике, коÑоÑаÑ
Ñолком не ÑабоÑала. Я ÑолÑко говоÑÑ,
+ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑвÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑкам и ногам.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐппаÑаÑÑÑа Ñоже Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²ÑедоноÑной.
Ð ÑиÑÑование видеопоÑока междÑ
+компÑÑÑеÑом и мониÑоÑом — пÑимеÑ
вÑедоноÑной ÑÑнкÑии аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ,
+коÑоÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ пÑакÑиÑеÑки во вÑе
ÑовÑеменнÑе компÑÑÑеÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ заговоÑÑ
+коÑпоÑаÑий...</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðга!</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>...в Ñом ÑиÑле компаний, пÑоизводÑÑиÑ
аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ, и компаний ÑÑедÑÑв
+маÑÑовой инÑоÑмаÑии, Ñак ÑÑо Ð²Ñ ÑÑо видиÑе!
Ðни покÑпаÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ, подобнÑе
+ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÑиÑÑового
ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑиÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑеÑаÑÑ Ð»ÑдÑм
+ÑÑ
одиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого, а поÑом они пÑоекÑиÑÑÑÑ
наÑÑ ÑеÑ
Ð½Ð¸ÐºÑ Ñак, ÑÑобÑ
+злоÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸, как ÑолÑко им
заблагоÑаÑÑÑдиÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¸ видиÑе ÑÑи неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — даже когда еÑÑÑ
+аппаÑаÑÑÑа, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑедоноÑна,
пÑогÑаммам пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+вÑедоноÑнÑми оÑобенноÑÑÑми, Ñак ÑÑо
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ñоже
+ÑÑаÑÑвÑÑÑ. Ркогда пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑ, в
ниÑ
, ÑкоÑее вÑего, еÑÑÑ
+вÑедоноÑнÑе оÑобенноÑÑи, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑпиониÑÑ,
огÑаниÑиваÑÑ, и еÑÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ лазейки,
+по коÑоÑÑм могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑпаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð°
вÑполнение.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Ð ÑÑомÑ-Ñо Ñ Ð¸ подводил, ÑÑÑ. ÐÑ Ð±ÐµÑедÑем Ñ
РиÑаÑдом СÑолменом,
+изобÑеÑаÑелем ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
ÑвоÑÑом, гÑÑÑ Ñипа Ðби-Ðан Ðеноби; Ñак
+много из Ñого, Ñ Ñем Ð¼Ñ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð²ÐµÐ¼, Ñо
еÑÑÑ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑвенной алÑÑеÑнаÑивÑ
+Ñого, Ñем ÑÑÑа коÑпоÑаÑивной неÑиÑÑи
ÑгнеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ, поÑвилоÑÑ Ð¸Ð· его идей.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑ ÑемÑ, док, Ñ
говоÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑо. Я пÑобовал полÑÑиÑÑ
+более ÑвободнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ, и Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ, ÑÑо во
многиÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
иÑ
не
+ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑеÑ. У Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ³, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÑÑ
аÑÐ¼Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñдей, иÑкÑÑеннÑÑ
в
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²
ÑоÑÑоÑнии Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ, и Ñо, ÑÑо
+Ð²Ñ Ñказали, веÑно. Там еÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе ÑÑи
ÑÑоÑнÑкие кони, вÑÑÑоеннÑе во вÑе
+подÑÑд, и Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ плаÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑÑо, и абÑолÑÑно
вÑе Ñавно, наÑколÑко ÑÑо доÑого,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо вÑе ÑÑо в Ñелом обвÑзано ÑÑими
наÑÑÑниками и ÑовеÑÑенно ÑковÑваеÑ
+инноваÑии, как Ð²Ñ Ñказали ÑÑидÑаÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ
назад.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðм. Ðо ÑÑо не ÑолÑко ÑковÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñии,
Ñ
Ñже Ñого: видиÑе ли,
+инноваÑии — ÑвÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ñова лÑдей,
коÑоÑÑе заÑвлÑÑÑ, ÑÑо они
+нÑждаÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ позволили
огÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ. Ðни говоÑÑÑ, ÑÑо еÑли
+они ÑмогÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ, Ñо они внеÑÑÑ
болÑÑе инноваÑий. Ðо инноваÑии
+могÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð¼ и злом. ÐемокÑаÑиÑ
когда-Ñо бÑла инноваÑией. ТиÑаниÑ
+когда-Ñо бÑла инноваÑией. Так ÑÑо
инноваÑии могÑÑ ÑлÑжиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐиологиÑеÑкое оÑÑжие когда-Ñо Ñоже бÑло
инноваÑией.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐнноваÑии бÑдÑÑ ÑлÑжиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼, ÑолÑко еÑли
Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñдем конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ, какие
+инноваÑии Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ñинимаем, а Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
оÑказÑваемÑÑ. Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑинимаÑ
+инноваÑий как доÑÑаÑоÑно важного, ÑÑобÑ
опÑавдаÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑнимаÑÑ
+ÑвободÑ. Ðа, Ñ Ð·Ð° инноваÑии пÑи пÑоÑиÑ
ÑавнÑÑ
ÑÑловиÑÑ
, в пÑедположении, ÑÑо
+Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñвобода. Ðо когда кÑо-Ñо говоÑиÑ:
“ÐÑкажиÑеÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ñвоей
+ÑвободÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñло болÑÑе
инноваÑий”,— ÑÑо бÑквалÑно
+ÑÑоÑнÑкий конÑ.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ, ÑÑо вÑе Ñ
оÑоÑо, но Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ, ÑÑо
они — Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, вÑе
+знаÑÑ, ÑÑо поделки Microsoft ÑабоÑаÑÑ ÑжаÑно,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñам везде еÑÑÑ
+лазейки, ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð»ÑдÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑо
пÑоÑÑо помои. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, пÑоÑÑиÑе за
+мой ÑÑанÑÑзÑкий, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они ÑокнÑÑÑе и
помеÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° конÑÑоле; Ðилл ÐейÑÑ!</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>УгÑ. Ðо ÑÑо не ÑолÑко Microsoft. Я должен
оÑмеÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо Apple еÑе Ñ
Ñже...</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðа-да.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ð Amazon — ÑÑо ÑжаÑно. Ð ÑÑÑÑойÑÑве
ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
книг
+Amazon еÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑнÑе ÑÑнкÑии подглÑдÑваниÑ,
ÑазÑмееÑÑÑ, Ñам еÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑовÑе
+наÑÑÑники, и Ñам еÑÑÑ Ð»Ð°Ð·ÐµÐ¹ÐºÐ° Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑдалениÑ
книг. ÐÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑе, ÑÑо
+в 2009 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Amazon Ñдалила ÑÑÑÑÑи книг на
ÑаÑÑÑоÑнии?</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ðга, 1984!</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑавилÑно. ÐÑо-Ñо пиÑал, ÑÑо они
иÑÑÑаÑили годовой Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ñонии, показав
+оÑÑÑлловÑкÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ñвоего пÑодÑкÑа,
коÑоÑÑй они назÑваÑÑ <span lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">Kindle</span><a href="#tf1">[1]</a>, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо он
+ÑпÑоекÑиÑован, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑжигаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñи книги.
Ðо они показали ÑÑо, Ñдалив книгÑ
+ÐÑÑÑлла.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ð, ÑÑо дÑÑгой вопÑоÑ. Ðни полÑÑили ÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑкÑ, Kazaa [ÐамеÑание: ÑиÑÑема
+иденÑиÑикаÑии ÑодеÑжимого Youtube на Ñамом
деле бÑла лиÑензиÑована Ñ
+AudibleMagic в 2007 годÑ], где Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñли
пÑава на мÑзÑкÑ, Ñ
+вÑложил ее, но из-за Ñого, ÑÑо она бÑла в
каком-Ñо ÑееÑÑÑе, она вдÑÑг
+закÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð·Ð²Ñк в моиÑ
видеозапиÑÑÑ
,
коÑоÑÑе ÑмоÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ñ Ð»Ñдей, и Ñ
оÑÑ Ñ
+Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑма, Ñо, ÑÑо Ñ Ð¾ÑоÑлал иÑ
на
Youtube, ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ ÐµÑÑÑ
+лиÑензиÑ, ÑÑо не Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑениÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
компÑÑÑÐµÑ ÑаÑпознал ÑÑо и
+ÑÑабоÑал, и ÑепеÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ пÑизнаÑÑ, ÑÑо они
могли ÑÑеÑеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑиÑ
+кÑÑпнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
за какие-Ñо ÑаÑÑ Ñ
помоÑÑÑ ÑÑой же ÑеÑ
ники — Ñ
+Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе, ÑÑо опаÑно,
когда вÑе книги ÑиÑÑовÑе, они могли
+Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо нажаÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¿ÐºÑ...</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑими
ÑиÑÑемами, Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не бÑдÑ
+пÑименÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего поÑ
ожего на Amazon Kindle длÑ
ÑвоиÑ
книг, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ
+Ñ
оÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñли книги, коÑоÑÑе Ñ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· безо вÑÑкой
+ÑиÑменной ÑеÑ
ники, Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑпаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
, не
ÑаÑкÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ñвоей лиÑноÑÑи, и Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑакÑ, ÑÑобÑ
полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. ÐÑли Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¿Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑмажнÑÑ
+книгÑ, Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ Ð·Ð° налиÑнÑе в
книжном магазине, Ñ Ð½Ðµ подпиÑÑваÑ
+конÑÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ð¸ мои глаза безо вÑÑкой помоÑи
или (в кÑайнем ÑлÑÑае) Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
+линз могÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ð±ÑквÑ. ÐÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÑÑ-Ñо ÑекÑеÑнÑÑ
+ÑеÑ
Ð½Ð¸ÐºÑ ÑолÑко Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвидеÑÑ,
какие в книге бÑквÑ.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑÑо да!</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не бÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑими ÑлекÑÑоннÑми книгами ни пÑи
+какиÑ
обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑваÑ
, и Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑÑ, ÑÑо и
оÑÑалÑнÑе из Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑоединÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾
+мне. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе пÑоÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑом
подÑобнее, заглÑниÑе на <a
+href="http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf";>
+http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf</a>, и Ñам в конÑе еÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑлка на
+ÑÑÑаниÑÑ, где Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе подпиÑаÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
пÑинÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑие в наÑей кампании
+пÑоÑив ÑиÑаниÑеÑкиÑ
ÑиÑÑем ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
книг.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Я ÑиÑал кое-ÑÑо из напиÑанного вами на
ÑÑÑ ÑемÑ, но Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑе ÑÑо Ñак,
+ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð² Ñамом деле видим, как ÑÑо
пÑименÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° деле. Я Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо
+ÑиÑаниÑ, они ÑпÑоекÑиÑовали ÑовÑеменнÑÑ
ÐÑемиÑнÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑиÑаниÑ,
+ÑознаÑелÑно, как Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñили, болÑÑие
коÑпоÑаÑии, и Ñамое обидное, ÑÑо когда
+Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑпаем лиÑензии и покÑпаем
обоÑÑдование, Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñим за иÑ
ÑобÑÑвенного
+ÑÑоÑнÑкого конÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ вели ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº нам по-оÑÑÑлловÑки, даже
+Ñ
Ñже.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ, Ñ Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñказал, ÑÑо Ñ
Ñже, в конÑе
конÑов, ÐÐºÐµÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð»Ð° кое-ÑÑо поÑ
Ñже,
+Ñем ÑниÑÑожение книг, они попÑоÑÑÑ Ñбивали
лÑдей, но ÑмÑÑл в Ñом, ÑÑо нам
+нÑжно оÑвеÑгаÑÑ ÑÑи ÑиÑÑемÑ, и в ÑÑом
ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑдÑ
пÑинимаÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, коÑоÑÑе
+ÑпÑоекÑиÑованÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑнимаÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ
ÑвободÑ.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ХоÑоÑо, докÑоÑ, Ñ ÑобиÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑобоваÑÑ
ÑвÑзаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑÑмо ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ из
+инженеÑов, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ лÑбÑе ÑведениÑ,
какие Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑе, и Ñ Ð¾ÑÑавлÑ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑÑва, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ
могли Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° паÑÑ
+минÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñой ÑÑоÑоне и ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼
подÑобнее о ÑеÑениÑÑ
, но Ð¼Ñ Ñ
+неÑеÑпением ждем Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑодолжениÑ
ÑаÑÑказа, и вÑе, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе, веÑÑма
+и веÑÑма Ñезонно.</dd>
+
+</dl>
+
+<p>[ÐеÑеÑÑв.]</p>
+
+<dl>
+
+<dt>ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ ÐжонÑ</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>ÐÑак, РиÑаÑд СÑолмен, докÑÐ¾Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑд
СÑолмен, ÑоздаÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
+ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, на коÑоÑой ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ñновано вÑе
и вÑÑ, Linux, как Ð²Ñ ÐµÐµ
+назÑваеÑе,— Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð² гоÑÑÑÑ
еÑе на пÑÑÑ
минÑÑ. Ðн оÑлÑÑиÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð³Ð¾,
+но, как Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐµÐ¼ÑÑ, веÑнеÑÑÑ ÑеÑез
меÑÑÑ-дÑÑгой, Ð¼Ñ Ñможем заполÑÑиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
+на ÑелÑй ÑаÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо вÑе, о Ñем он
говоÑиÑ, ÑÑезвÑÑайно акÑÑалÑно;
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, Ñ
оÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑпеÑиалиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑеÑ
нике, но Ñ Ð¿ÑовожÑ
+12—14 ÑаÑов Ñвоей жизни в Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑÑим,
Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñно-Ñаки много
+ÑабоÑаем в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, Ð¼Ñ ÑабоÑаем как на
коммеÑÑеÑком Ñадио, Ñак и в XM, но
+Ñ ÑÑим Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð¸ Ñам иÑпÑÑал Ñо, о Ñем он
говоÑиÑ, и вÑе, ÑÑо он говоÑиÑ,
+неÑазÑÑвно ÑвÑзано Ñ Ñем, ÑÑо Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº пÑоÑÑой
Ñеловек в ÑÑой облаÑÑи
+оÑганиÑеÑки оÑÑÑаÑ, но Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ðµ-Ñем
озадаÑивал его во вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑÑва.</p>
+
+<p>У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð±Ñмаги, Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑили оÑ
ÑÑководиÑелей Time-Warner внÑÑÑенние
+докÑменÑÑ, поÑле Ñого, как Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ñедположили
об ÑÑом, пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ ÑÑиÑ
ÑÑоÑнÑкиÑ
+коней. СиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ TiVo, кабелÑнÑе ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Time-Warner
и дÑÑгие.</p>
+
+<p>Ðогда они наложили ÑензÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÑелепеÑедаÑÑ ÐжеÑÑи ÐенÑÑÑÑ, она вÑÑла один
+Ñаз, конгÑеÑÑ Ð²Ð·Ð±ÐµÑилÑÑ Ð¸Ð·-за ÑепоÑÑажа о
лагеÑÑÑ
FEMA<a
+href="#tf2">[2]</a>, пÑиказал болÑÑе не вÑпÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в ÑÑиÑ, поÑом ÑÑо
+полÑÑило оглаÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð½Ðµ конгÑеÑÑа, бÑл
болÑÑой Ñкандал, внезапно запиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑезла
+по вÑей ÑÑÑане Ñ ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑв
видеозапиÑи, из извеÑÑнÑÑ
вам кабелÑнÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑем. ÐÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑили из конÑоÑÑ Time-Warner
подÑвеÑждение, ÑÑо они полÑÑили
+пÑиказ взÑÑÑ ÑÑо в Ñвои ÑÑки. РанÑÑе они Ñ
Ñаким не вÑÑÑеÑалиÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо дело в Ñом, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑе за кабелÑнÑе
ÑиÑÑемÑ, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑовое
+ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво видеозапиÑи, Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑваеÑе на
нем, а поÑом они пÑиÑ
одÑÑ Ð¸
+ÑÑиÑаÑÑ. Ð Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ, Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе ÑвидеÑÑ
доказаÑелÑÑÑво ÑÑого, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ его
+пÑедÑÑвлÑ, докÑоÑ, но еÑли ÑÑо веÑно, ÑÑо вÑ
бÑдеÑе Ñ ÑÑим делаÑÑ?</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑо еÑе один пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ñого, как
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÑ
огÑаниÑение на
+полÑзоваÑелей, и ÑÑо неÑпÑаведливо. Так
ÑÑо еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¸ÑеÑе вокÑÑг лÑбÑе
+неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, о коÑоÑÑÑ
вÑ
ÑлÑÑали, Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑе, ÑазлиÑнÑе пÑодÑкÑÑ,
+в коÑоÑÑÑ
еÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
каждÑй из ниÑ
не должен бÑÑÑ Ñаким.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ Ð´Ð°, оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑалÑно, ÑÑо вÑе ÑÑо
пÑодолжаеÑÑÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñиваем ÑвоÑ
+ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ ÑÑÑÑмÑ. ÐÑаÑко, за ÑÑи или
ÑеÑÑÑе минÑÑÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ, ÑÑо
+вам нÑжно ÑÑ
одиÑÑ, докÑоÑ: ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑÑгие
ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ñо, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ наÑаÑÑ
+делаÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑлабиÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ
коÑпоÑаÑивной неÑиÑÑи?</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>ÐÑ, во вÑевозможнÑÑ
ÑÑеÑаÑ
жизни мÑ
видим, как коÑпоÑаÑии пеÑеÑ
ваÑÑваÑÑ
+конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñего гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва и
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑой влаÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑедиÑÑ
+болÑÑинÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð»Ñдей. ÐонеÑно, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
ÑинанÑовÑй кÑизиÑ, и вÑе амеÑиканÑÑ
+ÑÑалкиваÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÑоÑÑÑвами. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво
из ÑÑиÑ
банкÑоÑÑÑв ноÑÐ¸Ñ Ñ
аÑакÑеÑ
+моÑенниÑеÑÑва, банки пÑоводÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ñ
инаÑии,
когда они закÑÑваÑÑÑÑ, и Ñже ÑейÑаÑ
+Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑÑпаем Ñ ÑÑебованиÑми, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ðбама
не давал им ÑойÑи Ñ ÐºÑÑÑка, а он
+Ñ
оÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ делаÑÑ ÑÑо. ÐÑÑÑ
неÑколÑко ÑÑаÑов, генеÑалÑнÑе пÑокÑÑоÑÑ
+коÑоÑÑÑ
пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑеÑледоваÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¸Ñов за
иÑ
моÑенниÑеÑкие банкÑоÑÑÑва, и
+ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑганизаÑÐ¸Ñ “ÐпеÑед”
пÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ñинги пÑоÑеÑÑа, Ñ
+ÑобиÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¹Ñи на один из ниÑ
ÑегоднÑ
днем, но ÑÑо ÑолÑко один пÑимеÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐонеÑно, банки Ñоздали Ñпад акÑивноÑÑи,
кÑпив в конгÑеÑÑе оÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолÑ. Ð
+когда Ð¼Ñ ÑмоÑÑим, напÑимеÑ, на ÑелÑÑкоÑ
озÑйÑÑвеннÑе пÑедпÑиÑÑиÑ, коÑоÑÑе по
+ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ñаздавили Ñемейное ÑеÑмеÑÑÑво в
СШРи ÑепеÑÑ Ð²ÑбиваÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑомнÑе
+ÑÑбÑидии, ÑÑбÑидии, коÑоÑÑе пеÑвонаÑалÑно
пÑедназнаÑалиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñи
+ÑемейнÑм ÑеÑмеÑам, и ÑÑо бÑло ÑазÑмно. Ðо
ÑейÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑо пÑоÑÑо ÑÑбÑидии болÑÑим
+пÑедпÑиÑÑиÑм. РеÑли ÑепеÑÑ Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑмоÑÑиÑе
на индÑÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑаÑÑнÑÑ
ÑÑÑем, ÑÑо
+оÑлиÑнÑй повод [...]</p>
+
+<p>Ðни полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»ÑÑеннÑми, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ
ÑабоÑа заклÑÑеннÑÑ
, но денÑги-Ñо
+полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐаклÑÑеннÑй полÑÑаеÑ
ÑÑо-Ñо вÑоде 50 ÑенÑов в денÑ,
+а ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
даже лÑÑÑе, Ñем нанимаÑÑ
кого-Ñо в ÐекÑике или ÐиÑае. Ð Ñаким
+обÑазом, ÑÑо повод поÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе
амеÑиканÑев за ÑеÑеÑкÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑо
+ÑакÑиÑеÑки ÑабÑкий ÑÑÑд.</p>
+
+<p>РеÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ñмем неÑÑÑнÑе компании, Ñо
они Ñ
оÑÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½ÐµÑÑ
+Ñпалили доÑла. ÐÑ, возможно, Ñледили за
боÑÑбой, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+допÑÑÑиÑÑ ÑÑÑоиÑелÑÑÑва неÑÑепÑовода
Keystone XL, планеÑной дÑÑ
овки, и она
+еÑе не завеÑÑена.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, ÑÑо во вÑем ÑÑом обÑего? ÐбÑее в ниÑ
Ñо, ÑÑо Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑпоÑаÑий еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ,
+Ñак ÑÑо нам нÑжно оÑиÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑикÑ. Ðам
нÑжно вÑвеÑÑи денÑги коÑпоÑаÑий из
+полиÑики.</p>
+
+<p>Я вÑеÑа доÑÑал книгÑ, позволÑÑе мне
пÑоÑиÑаÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ðµ, ÑÑо
+“ÐоÑпоÑаÑии — не лÑди” ÐжеÑÑÑи
ÐлеменÑÑа, и ÑÑо
+Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° мÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¾ новой попÑавке к
конÑÑиÑÑÑии: “Ðогда конÑÑиÑÑÑиÑ
+Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ñава наÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ лиÑам, ÑÑо не
оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº коÑпоÑаÑиÑм”.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>ÐÑак, влаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑпоÑаÑиÑм
пÑава, Ñ Ñем ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ могли ÑопÑаÑÑ
+ваÑи пÑава,— ÑÑо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑÑаÑно, и
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑеÑ
из ваÑ, кÑо ÑÑого не
+знаеÑ, Ñ ÑкажÑ, ÑÑо в ÑÑой ÑÑÑане Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ
не могло бÑÑÑ ÑакиÑ
коÑпоÑаÑий,
+как ÑейÑаÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑидÑаÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´ или
около Ñого, до Ñого вÑемени Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+бÑло огÑаниÑенное вÑемÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑоиÑÑ
моÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ вÑполниÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо Ñода
+пÑоекÑ. Ð Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ, когда неболÑÑаÑ
ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑазÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑпоÑаÑиÑ, ÑÑобÑ
+можно бÑло оÑганизоваÑÑ ÑовмеÑÑнÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ
ÑазнÑÑ
лÑдей, но Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ
+мÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¾ пÑедоÑÑавлении ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑего
колиÑеÑÑва пÑав, Ñем ÑеловеÑеÑким
+ÑÑÑеÑÑвам, а поÑом поÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑи
мазÑÑики, коÑоÑÑе ÑпÑавлÑÑÑ ÑÑим.</p>
+
+<p>Я Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, возÑмиÑе ÐиÑÑа Ромни: он
полÑÑил Ñвое ÑоÑÑоÑние по болÑÑей
+ÑаÑÑи на ÐаймановÑÑ
оÑÑÑоваÑ
, и он ездиÑ
повÑÑÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð»ÐµÐºÑиÑми и поÑÑи не
+плаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð².</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ, он Ñказал, ÑÑо коÑпоÑаÑии — ÑÑо
лÑди, и кÑо-Ñо замеÑил, ÑÑо
+еÑли ÑÑо веÑно, Ñо он — ÑеÑийнÑй
ÑбийÑа.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>Ха-Ñ
а, да, Ñ ÑÑо ÑмоÑÑел!</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Я не Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ ÑпÑазднÑÑÑ
коÑпоÑаÑии, но Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑиÑÑ Ñ
+полиÑиÑеÑкой влаÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
кÑÑгов. Ð
ÑÑой ÑÑÑане пÑинимаеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ñамо
+Ñобой ÑазÑмеÑÑееÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÑнÑÑ
пÑедпÑиÑÑий еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñаво веÑо на вÑе. Ð ÑÑо
+знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо как Ñамо Ñобой ÑазÑмеÑÑееÑÑ
пÑинимаеÑÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑеÑÑли ÑвоÑ
+демокÑаÑиÑ. ÐикÑо не должен дÑмаÑÑ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑом,
не ÑÑвÑÑвÑÑ Ð¾ÑвÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ не
+говоÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо нÑжно измениÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÑанÑÑе ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо он
обÑÑÑнÑеÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐеÑÑ
овнÑй ÑÑд не
+ÑлÑÑайно дал коÑпоÑаÑиÑм неогÑаниÑеннÑÑ
влаÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑиÑеÑкÑÑ
+ÑекламÑ. ÐÑо кÑлÑминаÑÐ¸Ñ ÑоÑокалеÑней или,
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, ÑÑидÑаÑипÑÑилеÑней
+кампании по пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑпоÑаÑиÑм
пÑав Ñеловека.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ñно, и Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑи
коÑпоÑаÑии ÑниÑÑожаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑвеÑениÑеÑ,
+наÑе меÑÑное ÑпÑавление. ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен,
болÑÑое вам ÑпаÑибо за Ñо, ÑÑо вÑ
+пÑовели вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸, и дайÑе нам еÑе Ñаз
Ñвой ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¸ лÑбÑе дÑÑгие ÑайÑÑ,
+заглÑнÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ ÑÑиÑаеÑе важнÑм
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ñдей.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐнÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
ÑмоÑÑиÑе на ÑайÑе Фонда Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ, Ñо еÑÑÑ <a
+href="http://fsf.org";>http://fsf.org</a>, и Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
пÑиÑоединиÑÑÑÑ, еÑли
+пожелаеÑе. РмоиÑ
полиÑиÑеÑкиÑ
взглÑдаÑ
ÑиÑайÑе на <a
+href="http://stallman.org";> http://stallman.org</a>. РеÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе
+пÑиÑоединиÑÑÑÑ Ðº наÑей боÑÑбе пÑоÑив
ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
наÑÑÑников (DRM), ÑÑ
одиÑе на
+<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";> http://defectivebydesign.org</a>. Ð
+об опаÑноÑÑÑÑ
ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
книг и о Ñом, как
они оÑнимаÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ ÑвободÑ,
+ÑиÑайÑе в <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf";>
+http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf</a>.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑлиÑно, док, ÑпаÑибо за ваÑе вÑемÑ, но в
заклÑÑение Ñ Ñ
оÑел Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑоÑиÑÑ
+ваÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, ÑÑо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ð´ÑÑевлÑеÑ,
когда Ñакой обÑеÑÑвеннÑй ÑезонанÑ
+вÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ñ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑи индÑÑÑÑией
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава и ÑакÑ, ÑÑо ÐолливÑд и
+дÑÑгие пÑоÑÑо дÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо они ÑпÑавлÑÑÑ
видимой ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñеленной, и ÑÑо,
+конеÑно, пÑивлекло иÑ
внимание, ÑÑо вÑ
ожидаеÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
? Ðак...</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Ðни оÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгой ÑпоÑоб. ÐонимаеÑе,
победим Ð¼Ñ SOPA или неÑ, даже еÑли мÑ
+победим его, бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑно, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
поÑомÑ, ÑÑо меÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе они
+Ñ
оÑели пÑедпÑинÑÑÑ, нанеÑли бÑ
невообÑазимÑй ÑÑеÑб вÑемÑ, ÑÑо иÑ
+окÑÑжаеÑ. Ðо еÑли они пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑо-Ñо
дÑÑгое, ÑÑо ÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
влаÑÑÑ, но не
+повÑÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑгим компаниÑм, они вÑе-Ñаки
могли Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо пеÑед нами
по-пÑÐµÐ¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñога к ÑкÑеплениÑ
+Ñвоей оппозиÑии до Ñой ÑÑепени, когда мÑ
Ñможем наÑаÑÑ ÑÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑе
+из неÑпÑаведливоÑÑей, коÑоÑÑе они Ñже
вложили в авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑак, ÑÑо бÑло наÑÑолÑко гÑÑбо, как Ñлон
в ÑаÑÑоÑовой лавке, ÑÑо они не
+Ñмогли ÑÑого добиÑÑÑÑ, но они еÑе веÑнÑÑÑÑ.
ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð·ÑелиÑе; Ñ Ñ
оÑÑ
+ÑказаÑÑ, помниÑе, пÑÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´, когда
Ðак-Ðейн Ñказал: “ÐавайÑе
+пÑимем закон, по коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ ÑÑдей, неÑ
пÑиÑÑжнÑÑ
, неÑ
+ÑаÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ — Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо Ñбиваем
Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ, еÑли ÑÑиÑаем,
+ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ñделали ÑÑо-Ñо Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑким
пÑавом”. Я Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо
+низвеÑжение вÑей наÑей Ðеликой Ñ
аÑÑии
волÑноÑÑей, вÑей наÑей конÑÑиÑÑÑии. Я
+Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо непÑикÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑиÑаниÑ,
док.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐезÑÑловно. Ðо именно Ñаков болÑÑой
бизнеÑ. Ðн пÑоÑÑо Ñ
оÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑи и лиÑен
+ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑ Ð¸ нÑ. ÐÑак, Ñ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеÑпением ждÑ
оÑеÑедной беÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸, болÑÑое вам
+ÑпаÑибо, докÑоÑ.</dd>
+
+<dt>Р.С.</dt>
+
+<dd>ÐÑего добÑого! СпаÑибо за Ñо, ÑÑо дали
мне ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ.</dd>
+
+<dt>Ð.Ðж.</dt>
+
+<dd>СпаÑибо за Ñо, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð±Ñли Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸.</dd>
+
+</dl>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<h3>ÐÑимеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеводÑиков</h3> <ol><li id="tf1"> <span
lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">Kindle</span> —
+англ. “зажигаÑÑ”.</li><li id="tf2">FEMA (<span
lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">Federal Emergency Management Agency</span>) —
+ФедеÑалÑное агенÑÑÑво по ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²
ÑÑезвÑÑайнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ
.</li></ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2012 Richard Stallman and Alex Jones<br />
+Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/07/23 10:30:47 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru-en.html
diff -N po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.ru-en.html 23 Jul 2013 10:30:48 -0000
1.1
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
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+<title>Is Digital Inclusion a Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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+<h2>Is Digital Inclusion a Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</h2>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a>
+<br />President, Free Software Foundation
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="intro">INTRODUCTION</h3>
+
+<p>Digital information and communication technology offers the
+possibility of a new world of freedom. It also offers possibilities
+of surveillance and control which dictatorships of the past could only
+struggle to establish. The battle to decide between these
+possibilities is being fought now.</p>
+
+<p>Activities directed at “including” more people in the
+use of digital technology are predicated on the assumption that such
+inclusion is invariably a good thing. It appears so, when judged
+solely by immediate practical convenience. However, if we judge also
+in terms of human rights, the question of whether digital inclusion is
+good or bad depends on what kind of digital world we are to be
+included in. If we wish to work towards digital inclusion as a goal,
+it behooves us to make sure it is the good kind.</p>
+
+<p>The digital world today faces six major threats to users' freedom:
+surveillance, censorship, proprietary software, restricted formats,
+software as a service, and copyright enforcement. A program to
+promote “digital inclusion” must take account of these
+threats, so as to avoid exposing its intended beneficiaries to them.
+First we look at the nature of these threats; then we propose measures
+to resist them, collectively and individually.</p>
+
+<h3 id="surveillance">SURVEILLANCE</h3>
+
+<p>Digital surveillance systems are spreading. The UK uses computers
+with cameras to track all car travel. China plans to identify and
+photograph everyone that uses an Internet cafe.<a name="tex2html1"
+href="#foot100"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Cell phones are Big Brother's tools. Some can be activated by
+remote command to listen to the user's conversations without giving
+any sign of listening, by the police<a name="tex2html3"
+href="#foot101"><sup>2</sup></a> and by unauthorized
+individuals.<a name="tex2html5" href="#foot102"><sup>3</sup></a> Users
+are unable to stop this because the software in the phone is not
+free/libre, thus not under the users' control.</p>
+
+<p>Cell phones also localize the user, even when set to
+“idle.” The phone network needs to know roughly where the
+phone is located in order to communicate with it, and can easily
+record that information permanently. However, networks are designed
+to locate phones far more accurately by triangulation. They can do it
+even better with GPS in the phone, with or without the user's
+consent.</p>
+
+<p>In many countries, universal digital surveillance does not record
+what you say, only who you talk with. But that is enough to be quite
+dangerous, since it allows the police to follow social networks. If a
+known dissident talks with you by phone or email, you are a candidate
+for labeling as a dissident. It is no use ceasing to communicate by
+phone or email with fellow dissidents when a dictator takes power,
+because his secret police will have access to records of your past
+communications.</p>
+
+<p>The European Union mandates keeping records of all phone calls and
+email for periods up to two years. The stated purpose of this
+surveillance is to “prevent terrorism.” Bush's illegal
+surveillance of phone calls also cited this purpose.
+Non-state-sponsored terrorism is a real danger in a few countries, but
+the magnitude is often exaggerated; more people died in the US in
+September 2001 from car accidents than from terrorism, but we have no
+Global War on Accidents. By contrast, the practice of labeling
+political opposition as “terrorists,” and using supposed
+“anti-terror” laws to infiltrate and sabotage their
+activities, threatens democracy everywhere. For instance, the US
+Joint Terrorism Task Force infiltrated a wide range of political
+opposition groups.<a name="tex2html7"
+href="#foot103"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>False accusations of “terrorism” are standard practice
+for suppressing political opposition. In the US, protesters who
+smashed windows at the 2008 Republican National Convention were
+charged with “terrorism.”<a name="tex2html9"
+href="#foot104"><sup>5</sup></a> More recently, Iran described
+protesters demanding a new election as
+“terrorists.”<a name="tex2html11"
+href="#foot105"><sup>6</sup></a> The generals who ruled most of South
+America in the 1970s offered precisely that justification for their
+systematic murder of dissidents.<a name="tex2html13"
+href="#foot20"><sup>7</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>A free society does not guarantee anonymity in what you do outside
+your home: it is always possible that someone will notice where you
+went on the street, or that a merchant will remember what you bought.
+This information is dispersed, not assembled for ready use. A
+detective can track down the people who noticed you and ask them for
+it; each person may or may not say what he knows about you. The
+effort required for this limits how often it is done.</p>
+
+<p>By contrast, systematic digital surveillance collects all the
+information about everyone for convenient use for whatever purpose,
+whether it be marketing, infiltration, or arrest of dissidents.
+Because this endangers the people's control over the state, we must
+fight against surveillance whether or not we oppose current government
+policies. Given the surveillance and tracking which cell phones do, I
+have concluded it is my duty to refuse to have one, despite the
+convenience it would offer. I have few secrets about my own travels,
+most of which are for publicly announced speeches, but we need to
+fight surveillance even if it is established while we have no
+particular secrets to keep.</p>
+
+<p>The UK car travel surveillance system has already been used against
+political dissidents.<a name="tex2html14"
+href="#foot106"><sup>8</sup></a></p>
+
+<h3 id="censorship">CENSORSHIP</h3>
+
+<p>When the topic of Internet censorship is mentioned, people are
+likely to think of China, but many supposedly freedom-respecting
+countries have imposed censorship. Denmark's government has blocked
+access to a secret list of web pages. Australia's government wants to
+do likewise, but has met strong resistance, so instead it has
+forbidden links to a long list of URLs. Electronic Frontiers
+Australia was forced, under threat of fines of AUD 11,000 per day, to
+remove a link to an anti-abortion political web
+site.<a name="tex2html16" href="#foot107"><sup>9</sup></a> Denmark's
+secret list of forbidden URLs was leaked and posted on Wikileaks; that
+page is now on Australia's banned list.<a name="tex2html18"
+href="#foot108"><sup>10</sup></a> Germany is on the verge of launching
+Internet censorship.<a name="tex2html20"
+href="#foot109"><sup>11</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Censorship of the contents of web sites is also a threat. India
+just announced a broad plan of censorship that would effectively
+abolish freedom of the press on the Internet.<a name="tex2html22"
+href="#foot110"><sup>12</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Some European countries censor particular political views on the
+Internet. In the United States, people have been imprisoned as
+“terrorists” for running a web site which discussed
+actions taken against experiments on animals.<a name="tex2html24"
+href="#foot28"><sup>13</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Another common excuse for censorship is the claim that
+“obscene” works are dangerous. I agree that some works
+are obscene; for instance, the gruesome violence in the movie Pulp
+Fiction revolted me, and I will try never to see such a thing again.
+But that does not justify censoring it; no matter how obscene a work
+may be, censorship is more so. A variant of this excuse is
+“protecting children,” which plays to the exaggerated and
+mostly misplaced fears of parents.<a name="tex2html25"
+href="#foot111"><sup>14</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Censorship is nothing new. What is new is the ease and
+effectiveness of censorship on electronic communication and
+publication (even where a few wizards have ways to bypass it). China
+in 1960 achieved effective censorship by cutting its population off
+from the world, but that held back the country's development, which
+was painful for the regime as well as for the population. Today China
+uses digital technology to achieve effective political censorship
+without cutting itself off in other ways.<a name="tex2html27"
+href="#foot112"><sup>15</sup></a></p>
+
+<h3 id="control">SOFTWARE YOU CAN'T CONTROL</h3>
+
+<p>In order for computer users to have freedom in their own computing
+activities, they must have control over the software they use. This
+means it must be <em>free software</em>, which I here call
+“free/libre” so as to emphasize that this is a matter of
+freedom, not price.</p>
+
+<p>A program is free/libre if it gives the user these four essential
+freedoms:<a name="tex2html29" href="#foot113"><sup>16</sup></a></p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>0. Freedom to run the program as you wish.</li>
+
+<li>1. Freedom to study the source code, and change it to make the
+program do what you wish.</li>
+
+<li>2. Freedom to redistribute and/or republish exact copies. (This
+is the freedom to help your neighbor.)</li>
+
+<li>3. Freedom to distribute and/or publish copies of your modified
+versions. (This is the freedom to contribute to your community.)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>When software is free/libre, the users control what it does. A
+non-free or <em>proprietary</em> program is under the control of its
+developer, and functions as an instrument to give the developer
+control over the users. It may be convenient, or it may not, but
+in either case it imposes on its users a social system that keeps them
+divided and helpless. Avoiding this injustice and giving users
+control over their computing requires the four freedoms. Freedoms 0
+and 1 give you control over your own computing, and freedom 3 enables
+users to work together to jointly control their computing, while
+freedom 2 means users are not kept divided.<a name="tex2html31"
+href="#foot114"><sup>17</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Many argue that free/libre software is impossible on theoretical
+economic grounds. Some of them misinterpret free/libre software as
+“gratis software”; others understand the term correctly,
+but either way they claim that businesses will never want to develop
+such software. Combining this with a theoretical premise such as
+“Useful software can only be developed by paying
+programmers,” they conclude that free software could never
+exist. This argument is typically presented elliptically in the form
+of a question such as, “How can programmers make a living if
+software is free?” Both premises, as well as the conclusion,
+contradict well-known facts; perhaps the elliptical questions are
+meant to obscure the premises so people will not compare them with the
+facts.</p>
+
+<p>We know that free software can be developed because so much of it
+exists. There are thousands of useful free
+programs,<a name="tex2html34" href="#foot115"><sup>18</sup></a> and
+millions of users<a name="tex2html36"
+href="#foot116"><sup>19</sup></a> run the
+GNU/Linux<a name="tex2html38"
+href="#foot117"><sup>20</sup></a>operating system. Thousands of
+programmers write useful free software as
+volunteers.<a name="tex2html40" href="#foot118"><sup>21</sup></a>
+Companies such as Red Hat, IBM, Oracle, and Google pay programmers to
+write free software. I do not know even approximately how many paid
+free software developers there are; studying the question would be
+useful. Alexandre Zapolsky of the free software business event Paris
+Capitale du Libre (<a
+href="http://www.paris-libre.org";>http://www.paris-libre.org</a>) said
+in 2007 that the free software companies of France had over 10,000
+employees.</p>
+
+<p>Most computer users use proprietary software, and are accustomed to
+letting a few companies control their computing. If you are one of
+them, you may have accepted the view that it is normal and proper for
+those companies, rather than you, to have control. You may also
+believe that “reputable” developers will not use their
+power to mistreat you. The fact is that they do.</p>
+
+<p>Microsoft Windows has features to spy on the
+user,<a name="tex2html43" href="#foot119"><sup>22</sup></a> Digital
+Restrictions Management (DRM) features designed to stop the user from
+making full use of his own files,<a name="tex2html45"
+href="#foot120"><sup>23</sup></a> and an all-purpose back door with
+which Microsoft can forcibly change the software in any way at any
+time.<a name="tex2html47" href="#foot121"><sup>24</sup></a> Microsoft
+can alter any software, not just its own.<a name="tex2html49"
+href="#foot122"><sup>25</sup></a> Cell phones tied to particular phone
+networks may give the network a similar back door. MacOS also has DRM
+features designed to restrict the user.</p>
+
+<p>The only known defense against malicious features is to insist on
+software that is controlled by the users: free/libre software. It is
+not a perfect guarantee, but the alternative is no defense at all. If
+code is law, those governed by it must have the power to decide what
+it should say.</p>
+
+<h3 id="protocols">RESTRICTED FORMATS</h3>
+
+<p>Restricted file formats impose private control over communication
+and publication. Those who control the formats control, in a general
+sense, society's use of information, since it can't be distributed or
+read/viewed without their permission.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, text files are often distributed in the secret
+Microsoft Word format, which other developers have only imperfectly
+been able to decode and implement. This practice is comparable to
+publishing books in a secret alphabet which only officially approved
+scribes know how to read. Italian public television (RAI) distributes
+video in VC-1 format, whose specifications are available only under
+nondisclosure agreement from the Society of Motion Picture and
+Television Engineers. Ironically, the SMPTE states this in a Word file,
+which is not suitable to cite as a reference.<a name="tex2html51"
+href="#foot123"><sup>26</sup></a> This standard has been partly
+decoded through reverse engineering.</p>
+
+<p>Most music distribution on the Internet uses the patented MP3
+format, and most video uses patented MPEG-4 formats such as DIVX and
+H.264. VC-1 is also patented.<a name="tex2html53"
+href="#foot124"><sup>27</sup></a> Any software patent directly attacks
+every user's freedom to use her computer. Use of patented data
+formats is comparable to mandating that people use officially approved
+scribes rather than do their own reading and writing. Patents on MPEG
+formats have been used to attack and threaten developers and
+distributors of programs that can handle these formats, including
+free/libre programs. Some distributors of the GNU/Linux system, for
+instance Red Hat, do not dare to include support for these
+programs.</p>
+
+<p>A restricted format is a trap; any and all use of the format has
+the effect of pushing computer users into the trap. Inclusion in
+dependence on these formats is not a step forward.</p>
+
+<h3 id="saas">SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE</h3>
+
+<p>Typical proprietary software gives you only a binary, whose actions
+are controlled by the developer, and not by you. A new practice
+called “software as a service,” or “SaaS,”
+gives you even less control. With SaaS you don't even get a copy of
+the program you can run. Instead, you send your data to a server, a
+program runs there, and the server sends you back the result. If
+users have a binary, they could reverse-engineer it and patch it if
+they are really determined. With SaaS, they can't even do that.</p>
+
+<p>Reverse engineering being so difficult, perhaps software as a
+service is little worse than proprietary software. The point,
+however, is that it is no better. For users to have control of their
+computing, they must avoid SaaS just as they must avoid proprietary
+software.</p>
+
+<p>For the preparation of this paper I was invited to use an IEEE site
+called <a href="http://pdf-express.org";>pdf-express.org</a> to convert
+my PDF file into one with the embedded fonts required for the
+conference proceedings. Looking at that site, I concluded that it was
+an instance of software as a service, and therefore I should not use
+it. Another strike against it is that it requires users to identify
+themselves, which is gratuitous surveillance.</p>
+
+<p>It's not that I'm specifically worried that this site is malicious.
+I cannot trust the IEEE implicitly, since I disapprove of its
+restrictions on redistributing the papers it publishes, but there is
+little scope in that particular site's job for intentional
+mistreatment of its users (aside from the gratuitous surveillance).
+However, the point is not whether this particular site abuses its
+power. The point is that we should not let ourselves become
+accustomed to granting others that sort of power over us. The habit
+of handing over control of our computing to others is a dangerous one.
+The way to resist the practice is to refuse invitations to follow
+it.</p>
+
+<p>The only way to maintain your control over your computing is to do
+it using your own copy of a free/libre program.</p>
+
+<h3 id="copyright">COPYRIGHT AND SHARING</h3>
+
+<p>The biggest conflict over freedom in the Internet is the War on
+Sharing: the attempt by the publishing industry to prevent Internet
+users from enjoying the capability to copy and share information.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright was established in the age of the printing press as an
+industrial regulation on the business of writing and publishing. The
+aim was to encourage the publication of a diversity of written works.
+The means used was to require publishers to get the author's
+permission to publish recent writings. This enabled authors to get
+income from publishers, which facilitated and encouraged writing. The
+general reading public received the benefit of this, while losing
+little: copyright restricted only publication, not the things an
+ordinary reader could do, so it was easy to enforce and met with
+little opposition. That made copyright arguably a beneficial system
+for the public, and therefore legitimate.</p>
+
+<p>Well and good—back then.</p>
+
+<h4 id="waronsharing">The War on Sharing</h4>
+
+<p>Nowadays, computers and networks provide superior means for
+distributing and manipulating information, including published
+software, musical recordings, texts, images, and videos. Networks
+offer the possibility of unlimited access to all sorts of
+data—an information utopia.</p>
+
+<p>The works that people use to do practical jobs, such as software,
+recipes, text fonts, educational works and reference works, must be
+free/libre so that the users can control (individually and
+collectively) the jobs that they do with these works. That argument
+does not apply to other kinds of works, such as those which state what
+certain people thought, and artistic works, so it is not ethically
+obligatory for them to be free/libre. But there is a minimum freedom
+that the public must have for all published works: the freedom to
+share exact copies noncommercially. Sharing is good; sharing creates
+the bonds of society. When copying and sharing a book was so
+difficult that one would hardly ask such a large favor, the issue of
+freedom to share was moot. Today, the Internet makes sharing easy,
+and thus makes the freedom to share essential.</p>
+
+<p>One obstacle stands in the way of this utopia: copyright. Readers
+and listeners who make use of their new ability to copy and share
+published information are technically copyright infringers. The same
+law which formerly acted as a beneficial industrial regulation on
+publishers has now become a restriction on the public it was meant to
+benefit.</p>
+
+<p>In a democracy, a law that prohibits a popular and useful activity
+is usually soon relaxed. Not so where corporations have more political
+power than the public. The entertainment companies' lobby is
+determined to prevent the public from taking advantage of the power of
+their computers, and has found copyright a suitable tool. Under their
+influence, rather than relaxing copyright rules to permit productive
+and free use of the Internet, governments have made it stricter than
+ever, forbidding the act of sharing.</p>
+
+<p>The publishers and their friendly governments would like to go to
+any length they can get away with to wage the War on Sharing. In the
+US, the record companies' legal arm (the RIAA) regularly sues
+teenagers for hundreds of thousands of dollars, and one sharer was
+fined almost two million.<a name="tex2html56"
+href="#foot125"><sup>28</sup></a> The French government recently
+passed a law (HADOPI) to abolish the principle of due process of law,
+by punishing Internet users with disconnection on the mere accusation
+of copying. Only certain selected, government-approved organizations
+were empowered to make such accusations; thus, this law meant to
+abolish Liberté, Egalité, and Fraternité with one
+blow.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>The law was rejected as unconstitutional by
the Constitutional
+Council.<a name="tex2html58" href="#foot126"><sup>29</sup></a> (It was
+subsequently changed, introducing a sham trial, to make it acceptable.) A
+similar law in New Zealand was withdrawn this year after public
+protests. The European Parliament recently voted against imposing
+similar injustice on the whole European Union, but the EU's weak form
+of democracy does not give Parliament the final decision. Some would
+like to go even further: a UK member of parliament proposed ten years'
+imprisonment for noncommercial sharing.</p>
+
+<p>The US, Canada, the European Union, and various other countries are
+engaged in negotiating the “Anti-Counterfeiting Trade
+Agreement.” The negotiations are secret, but Canada reluctantly
+published a list of suggestions it received from private parties, and
+HADOPI-style punishment without trial was one of
+them.<a name="tex2html60" href="#foot127"><sup>30</sup></a> The
+suggestion is likely to have come from the copyright lobby, which has
+great influence in the US government and others, so the danger is not
+negligible. European officials may seek to use this treaty to
+circumvent the European Parliament, following a practice known as
+“policy laundering.”</p>
+
+<p>The corporations that profit most from copyright legally exercise
+it in the name of the authors (most of whom actually gain little).
+They would have us believe that copyright is a natural right of
+authors, and that we the public must suffer it no matter how painful
+it is. They call sharing “piracy,” equating helping your
+neighbor with attacking a ship.</p>
+
+<p>Public anger over these measures is growing, but it is held back by
+propaganda. Terms such as “piracy,”<a name="tex2html62"
+href="#foot128"><sup>31</sup></a> “protecting authors” and
+“intellectual property,”<a name="tex2html64"
+href="#foot129"><sup>32</sup></a> and claims that reading, viewing or
+listening to anything without paying is “theft,” have
+convinced many readers that their rights and interests do not count.
+This propaganda implicitly assumes that publishers deserve the special
+power which they exercise in the name of the authors, and that we are
+morally obliged to suffer whatever measures might be needed to
+maintain their power.</p>
+
+<h4 id="digitalrestrictionsmanagement">Digital restrictions
+management</h4>
+
+<p>The publishers aim to do more than punish sharing. They have
+realized that by publishing works in encrypted formats, which can be
+viewed only with software designed to control the users, they could
+gain unprecedented power over all use of these works. They could
+compel people to pay, and also to identify themselves, every time they
+wish to read a book, listen to a song, or watch a video. They could
+make people's copies disappear on a planned schedule. They could even
+make copies unreadable at will, if they have all-purpose back-doors
+such as found in Windows, or special features for the
+purpose.<a name="tex2html66" href="#foot130"><sup>33</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Designing products and media to restrict the user is called Digital
+Restrictions Management, or DRM.<a name="tex2html68"
+href="#foot66"><sup>34</sup></a> Its purpose is an injustice: to deny
+computer users what would otherwise be their legal rights in using
+their copies of published works. Its method is a second injustice,
+since it imposes the use of proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>The publishers gained US government support for their dream of
+total power with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (DMCA).
+This law gave publishers power, in effect, to write their own
+copyright rules, by implementing them in the code of the authorized
+player software. Even reading or listening is illegal when the
+software is designed to block it.</p>
+
+<p>The DMCA has an exception: it does not forbid uses that qualify as
+“fair use.” But it strips this exception of practical
+effect by censoring any software that people could use to do these
+things. Under the DMCA, any program that could be used to break
+digital handcuffs is banned unless it has other comparably important
+“commercially significant” uses. (The denial of validity
+to any other kind of significance, such as social or ethical
+significance, explicitly endorses business' domination of society.)
+Practically speaking, the limited right to disobey your software
+jailer is meaningless since the means to do so is not available.</p>
+
+<p>Similar software censorship laws have since been adopted in the
+European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, and other countries.
+Canada has tried to do this for several years, but opposition there
+has blocked it. The publishers' lobbies seek to impose these
+restrictions on all countries; for instance, the US demands them in
+trade treaties. WIPO (the World “Intellectual Property”
+Organization) helps, by promoting two treaties whose sole point is to
+require laws such as these. Signing these treaties does no good for a
+country's citizens, and there is no good reason why any country should
+sign them. But when countries do sign, politicians can cite
+“compliance with treaty obligations” as an excuse for
+software censorship.</p>
+
+<p>We still have the same old freedoms in using paper books and other
+analog media. But if e-books replace printed books, those freedoms
+will not transfer. Imagine: no more used book stores; no more lending
+a book to your friend; no more borrowing one from the public
+library—no more “leaks” that might give someone a
+chance to read without paying. No more purchasing a book anonymously
+with cash—you can only buy an e-book with a credit card, thus
+enabling computerized surveillance—and public libraries become
+retail outlets. That is the world the publishers want for us. If you
+buy the Amazon Kindle (we call it the Swindle) or the Sony Reader (we
+call it the Shreader for what it threatens to do to books), you pay to
+establish that world.</p>
+
+<h3 id="supportingartists">SUPPORTING THE ARTS</h3>
+
+<p>The publishers tell us that a War on Sharing is the only way to
+keep art alive. Supporting the arts is a desirable goal, but it could
+not justify these means. Fortunately, it does not require them
+either. Public sharing of copies tends to call attention to obscure
+or niche works: when Monty Python put its video files on the net for
+download, its sales increased by a factor of over
+200.<a name="tex2html69" href="#foot131"><sup>35</sup></a> Meanwhile,
+digital technology also offers new ways to support the arts.</p>
+
+<h4 id="donations">Donations</h4>
+
+<p>The singer Jane Siberry offers her music for
+download through her own web site, called <a name="tex2html71"
+href="http://janesiberry.com";>janesiberry.com</a> in 2010, allowing people to
pay
+whatever amount they wish. The average price paid per song was earlier
+reported to be more than the $.99 that the major
+record companies charge.<a name="tex2html72"
+href="#foot132"><sup>36</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Bestsellers also can still do well without stopping people from
+sharing. Stephen King got hundreds of thousands of dollars selling a
+serialized unencrypted e-book with no technical obstacle to sharing of
+copies. Radiohead made millions in 2007 by inviting fans to copy an
+album and pay what they wished, while it was also shared on the
+Internet. In 2008, Nine Inch Nails released an album with permission
+to share copies and made 750,000 dollars in a few
+days.<a name="tex2html74" href="#foot133"><sup>37</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>Even hampered by today's inconvenient methods of sending money to
+artists, voluntary contributions from fans can support them. Kevin
+Kelly, former editor of Wired Magazine, estimates the artist need only
+find approximately 1,000 true fans in order to earn a living from
+their support.<a name="tex2html76"
+href="#foot134"><sup>38</sup></a></p>
+
+<p>But when computer networks provide an easy anonymous method for
+sending someone a small amount of money, without requiring a credit
+card, voluntary support for artists will become far more effective.
+Every player could have a button you can press, “Click here to
+send the artists one dollar.” (The optimal amount may vary
+between countries; in India, one rupee might be a better choice.)
+Wouldn't you press it, at least once a week?</p>
+
+<p>Why, today, would you hesitate to send one dollar to an artist,
+once a week or even once a day? Not because you would miss the
+dollar, but because of the inconvenience of sending it. Remove the
+inconvenience, and voluntary support for artists will soar.</p>
+
+<h4 id="tax">Tax-based support</h4>
+
+<p>Another way to support the arts is with tax funds: perhaps with a
+special tax on blank media or Internet connectivity, or with general
+revenue.<a name="tex2html78" href="#foot135"><sup>39</sup></a> If this
+is to succeed in supporting artists, the state should distribute the
+tax money directly and entirely to them, and make sure it cannot under
+any pretext be taken from them by publishers such as record companies.
+Thus, in order to design this tax system to achieve the valid goal of
+“supporting the arts,” we must first reject the misguided
+goal of “compensating the rights-holders.”</p>
+
+<p>The state should not distribute this tax money in linear proportion
+to popularity, because that would give most of it to superstars,
+leaving little to support all the other artists. I therefore
+recommend using a function whose derivative is positive but tends
+towards zero, such as cube root. With cube root, if superstar A has
+1000 times the popularity of successful artist B, A will get 10 times
+as much money as B. (A linear system would give A 1000 times as much
+as B.) This way, although each superstar still gets a larger share
+than other artists, the superstars together will get only a small
+fraction of the funds, so that the system can adequately support a
+large number of fairly popular artists. This system would use its
+funds efficiently for the support of art.</p>
+
+<p>I propose this system for art because art is where the controversy
+is. There is no fundamental reason why a tax-based system should not
+also be used to support functional works that ought to be free/libre,
+such as software and encyclopedias, but there is a practical
+difficulty in doing so: it is common for those works to have thousands
+of coauthors, and figuring out the right way to divide the funds among
+them might be difficult even with the cooperation and generosity of
+everyone involved. Fortunately it appears not to be necessary to
+solve this problem, because people already put so much effort into
+developing free/libre functional works.</p>
+
+<p>Francis Muguet<a name="tex2html80" href="#foot79"><sup>40</sup></a>
+and I have developed a new proposal called the Mécénat
+Global (or Global Patronage) which combines the idea of tax-support
+and voluntary payments.<a name="tex2html81"
+href="#foot136"><sup>41</sup></a> Every Internet subscriber would pay
+a monthly fee to support certain arts that are shared on the Internet.
+Each user could optionally divide up to a certain maximum portion of
+her fee among her choice of works; the funds for each work would be
+divided among the creative contributors to the work (but not the
+publishers). The totals thus assigned to various artists would also
+provide a measure of each artist's popularity. The system would then
+distribute the rest of the money on the basis of that popularity,
+using a cube-root or similar tapering-off function.</p>
+
+<h3 id="makingitgood">MAKING DIGITAL INCLUSION GOOD</h3>
+
+<p>The paper so far describes the factors that can make digital
+inclusion good or bad. These factors are part of human society and
+subject to our influence. Beyond just asking whether and when digital
+inclusion is a good thing, we can consider how to make sure it is
+good.</p>
+
+<h4 id="legally">Defending freedom legally</h4>
+
+<p>Full victory over the threats to digital freedom can only be
+achieved through changes in laws. Systematic collection or retention
+of information on any person using computers and/or networks should
+require a specific court order; travel and communication within any
+country should normally be anonymous. States should reject censorship
+and adopt constitutional protections against it. States should
+protect their computing sovereignty by using only free software, and
+schools should teach only free software in order to carry out their
+mission to educate good citizens of a strong, free and cooperating
+society.</p>
+
+<p>To respect computer users' freedom to operate their computers,
+states should not allow patents to apply to software or (more
+generally) using computers in particular ways. States should mandate
+their own use of freely implementable, publicly documented formats for
+all communication with the public, and should lead the private sector
+also to use only these formats. To make copyright acceptable in the
+network age, noncommercial copying and sharing of published works
+should be legal. Commercial use of DRM should be prohibited, and
+independently developed free software to access DRM formats should be
+lawful.</p>
+
+<p>To make these changes in laws happen, we need to organize. The
+Electronic Frontier Foundation (<a href="http://eff.org";>eff.org</a>)
+campaigns against censorship and surveillance. End Software Patents
+(<a href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>endsoftpatents.org</a>) and the
+League for Programming Freedom
+(<a href="http://progfree.org";>progfree.org</a>) campaign against
+software patents. The Free Software Foundation campaigns against DRM
+through the site
+<a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="personally">Defending freedom personally</h4>
+
+<p>While we fight these legislative battles, we should also personally
+reject products and services designed to take away our freedom. To
+resist surveillance, we should avoid identifying ourselves to web
+sites unless it is inherently necessary, and we should buy things
+anonymously—with cash, not with bank cards. To maintain control
+of our computing, we should not use proprietary software or software
+as a service.</p>
+
+<p>Above all, we should never buy or use products that implement DRM
+handcuffs unless we personally have the means to break them. Products
+with DRM are a trap; don't take the bait!</p>
+
+<h4 id="others">Defending others' freedom</h4>
+
+<p>We can take direct action to protect others' freedom in the digital
+world. For instance, we can remove the passwords from our wireless
+networks—it is safe, and it weakens government surveillance
+power. (The way to protect the privacy of our own Internet
+communications, to the extent that it is possible, is with end-to-end
+encryption.) If others use enough of the bandwidth to cause actual
+inconvenience, we need to protect ourselves, but we can try gentle
+methods first (such as talking with the neighbors, or setting a
+password occasionally for a day or two), and keep the option of a
+permanent password as a last resort.</p>
+
+<p>When we publish, we should grant the users of our work the freedoms
+they deserve, by applying an explicit license appropriate to the type
+of work. For works that state your thoughts or observations, and
+artistic works, the license should permit at least noncommercial
+redistribution of exact copies; any Creative Commons license is
+suitable. (I insisted on such a license for this article.) Works
+that do functional jobs, such as software, reference works and
+educational works, should carry a free/libre license that grants users
+the four freedoms.</p>
+
+<h4 id="inclusioninfreedom">Inclusion in freedom</h4>
+
+<p>In our efforts to help others in practical ways, we must avoid
+doing them harm at a deeper level. Until freedom is generally assured
+in Internet use, projects for digital inclusion must take special care
+that the computing they promote is the freedom-respecting kind. This
+means using free/libre software—certainly not Windows or MacOS.
+This means using free, documented formats, without DRM. It also means
+not exposing the supposed beneficiaries to surveillance or censorship
+through the computing practices to which they are being
+introduced.</p>
+
+<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+
+<dl>
+<dt id="foot100">… cafe.<a
+ href="#tex2html1"><sup>1</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24510571-2703,00.html";>http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24510571-2703,00.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot101">… police<a
+ href="#tex2html3"><sup>2</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html";>http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot102">… individuals.<a
+ href="#tex2html5"><sup>3</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+href="http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379";>
+http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot103">… groups<a
+ href="#tex2html7"><sup>4</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.aclu.org/safefree/spyfiles/24011res20060131.html";>http://www.aclu.org/safefree/spyfiles/24011res20060131.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot104">… “terrorism.”<a
+ href="#tex2html9"><sup>5</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group";>http://democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot105">… “terrorists.”<a
+ href="#tex2html11"><sup>6</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://abcnews.go.com/international/story?id=7891929";>http://abcnews.go.com/international/story?id=7891929</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot20">… dissidents.<a
+ href="#tex2html13"><sup>7</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See the documentary, Condor: the First War on
+ Terror, by Rodrigo Vásquez (2003).
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot106">… dissidents.<a
+ href="#tex2html14"><sup>8</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm";>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot107">… site.<a
+ href="#tex2html16"><sup>9</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine?fp=16&fpid=1";>http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine?fp=16&fpid=1</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot108">… list.<a
+ href="#tex2html18"><sup>10</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2009/03/17/1237054787635.html";>http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2009/03/17/1237054787635.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot109">… censorship.<a
+ href="#tex2html20"><sup>11</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See <a
+
href="http://netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/";>http://netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot110">… Internet.<a
+ href="#tex2html22"><sup>12</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See <a
+
href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms";>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot28">… animals.<a
+ href="#tex2html24"><sup>13</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>I support medical research
+ using animals, as well as abortion rights. Our defense of political
+ freedom should not be limited to causes we agree with.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot111">… parents.<a
+ href="#tex2html25"><sup>14</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/28029.html";>http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/28029.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot112">… ways.<a
+ href="#tex2html27"><sup>15</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/052909-20-years-after-tiananmen-china.html
+
">http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/052909-20-years-after-tiananmen-china.html
+ </a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot113">… freedoms:<a
+ href="#tex2html29"><sup>16</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See <a
+ href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot114">… divided.<a
+ href="#tex2html31"><sup>17</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="/philosophy/why-free.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>
and
+ <a
+
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html</a>
for other
+ arguments.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot115">… programs,<a
+ href="#tex2html34"><sup>18</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+ href="http://directory.fsf.org";>http://directory.fsf.org</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot116">… users<a
+ href="#tex2html36"><sup>19</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption";>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot117">… GNU/Linux<a
+ href="#tex2html38"><sup>20</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See <a
+ href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">http://gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot118">… volunteers.<a
+ href="#tex2html40"><sup>21</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html</a>
+ for some of their motives.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot119">… user,<a
+ href="#tex2html43"><sup>22</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/02/28/windows_update_keeps_tabs/";>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/02/28/windows_update_keeps_tabs/</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot120">… files,<a
+ href="#tex2html45"><sup>23</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+ href="http://badvista.org";>http://badvista.org</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot121">… time.<a
+ href="#tex2html47"><sup>24</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201806263";>http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201806263</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot122">… own.<a
+ href="#tex2html49"><sup>25</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html";>http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot123">… reference.<a
+ href="#tex2html51"><sup>26</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>The standard in machine-readable form
+ is only available to be “leased”;
+ <a
+
href="http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf";>
+http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot124">… patented.<a
+ href="#tex2html53"><sup>27</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20120307122114/http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf";>
+http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf</a>
(archived).
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot125">… million.<a
+ href="#tex2html56"><sup>28</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars";>http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot126">… Council.<a
+ href="#tex2html58"><sup>29</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court";>http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot127">… them.<a
+ href="#tex2html60"><sup>30</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars";>http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot128">… “piracy,”<a
+ href="#tex2html62"><sup>31</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot129">… property,”<a
+ href="#tex2html64"><sup>32</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+ href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html</a>
for why this propaganda
+ term is harmful.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot130">… purpose.<a
+ href="#tex2html66"><sup>33</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See <a
+
href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html";>http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot66">… DRM.<a
+ href="#tex2html68"><sup>34</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>Those publishers, in an act of doublespeak, call it “Digital
+ Rights Management”.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot131">… 200.<a
+ href="#tex2html69"><sup>35</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html";>http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot132">… charge.<a
+ href="#tex2html72"><sup>36</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing";>http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot133">… days.<a
+ href="#tex2html74"><sup>37</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";>http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot134">… support.<a
+ href="#tex2html76"><sup>38</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php";>http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php</a>.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot135">… revenue.<a
+ href="#tex2html78"><sup>39</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See <a
+ href="/philosophy/dat.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html</a>
+ for my 1992 proposal.
+
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot79">… Muguet<a
+ href="#tex2html80"><sup>40</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>Head of the Knowledge Networks and Information
+ Society lab at the University of Geneva.
+</dd>
+<dt id="foot136">… payments.<a
+ href="#tex2html81"><sup>41</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>See
+ <a
+
href="http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html";>http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html</a>.
+
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<p><i><b>This essay was first published in the ITU's
+2009 Kaleidoscope conference in Mar del Plata, Argentina</b></i></p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/07/23 10:30:48 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Translations of the term “free software”
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fs-translations.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Translations of the term “free software”</h2>
+
+<p>This is a list of recommended unambiguous translations for the term
+“free software” (<a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">free as in
+freedom</a>) into various languages.</p>
+
+<p>We also provide translations of “gratis software” in
+a separate column to show how to make the contrast in various
+languages.</p>
+
+<p>If you know a correction or addition to the list, please email it to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Please stick to UTF-8 in your message. Thanks.</p>
+
+<p>The parenthesized phrases in Latin letters after some of the entries
+are transliterations (with vowels added where relevant). Please send
+any corrections or additions to those, too.</p>
+
+<table border="1">
+<tr><th>Language Code</th><th>Language Name</th>
+<th>Free Software</th><th>Gratis Software</th><th>Comment</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>af</td><td>Afrikaans</td>
+<td lang="af" xml:lang="af">
+vrye sagteware</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ar</td><td>Arabic</td>
+<td lang="ar" xml:lang="ar">برÙ
جÙات Øرة (barmagiyat ḥorrah)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>be</td><td>Belarusian</td>
+<td lang="be" xml:lang="be">
+Ñвабоднае пÑагÑамнае забеÑÑпÑÑÑнÑне
+(svabodnae pragramnae zabes'pjachen'ne)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>bg</td><td>Bulgarian</td>
+<td lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">
+Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (svoboden softuer)</td>
+<td lang="bg" xml:lang="bg">
+безплаÑен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (bezplaten softuer)</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ca</td><td>Catalan</td>
+<td lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">
+programari lliure</td>
+<td lang="ca" xml:lang="ca">
+programari gratuït</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>cs</td><td>Czech</td>
+<td lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">
+svobodný software</td>
+<td lang="cs" xml:lang="cs">
+bezplatný software</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>cy</td><td>Welsh</td>
+<td lang="cy" xml:lang="cy">
+meddalwedd rydd</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>da</td><td>Danish</td>
+<td lang="da" xml:lang="da">
+fri software / frit programmel</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>de</td><td>German</td>
+<td lang="de" xml:lang="de">
+freie Software</td>
+<td lang="de" xml:lang="de">
+Gratis-Software / Kostenlose Software</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>el</td><td>Greek</td>
+<td lang="el" xml:lang="el">
+ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ (eleuthero logismiko)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>eo</td><td>Esperanto</td>
+<td lang="eo" xml:lang="eo">
+libera programaro / programo</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>es</td><td>Spanish</td>
+<td lang="es" xml:lang="es">
+software libre</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>et</td><td>Estonian</td>
+<td lang="et" xml:lang="et">
+vaba tarkvara</td>
+<td lang="et" xml:lang="et">
+tasuta tarkvara</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>fa</td><td>Persian (Farsi)</td>
+<td lang="fa" xml:lang="fa">ÙرÙ
اÙزار٠آزاد (nrmafzar azad)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>fi</td><td>Finnish</td>
+<td lang="fi" xml:lang="fi">
+vapaa ohjelmisto</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>fr</td><td>French</td>
+<td lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
+logiciel libre</td>
+<td lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
+logiciel gratuit</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ga</td><td>Irish</td>
+<td lang="ga" xml:lang="ga">
+bog earraà saoire</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>he</td><td>Hebrew</td>
+<td lang="he" xml:lang="he">ת××× × ××פש×ת (tochna chofshit)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hi</td><td>Hindi</td>
+<td lang="hi" xml:lang="hi">
+मà¥à¤à¥à¤¤ सà¥à¤«à¥à¤à¤µà¥à¤¯à¤° (mukt software)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hr / sr</td><td>Croatian / Serbian</td>
+<td lang="hr" xml:lang="hr">
+slobodni softver / Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hu</td><td>Hungarian</td>
+<td lang="hu" xml:lang="hu">
+szabad szoftver</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>hy</td><td>Armenian</td>
+<td lang="hy" xml:lang="hy">
+Õ¡Õ¦Õ¡Õ¿ Õ®ÖÕ¡Õ£Õ«Ö/Õ®ÖÕ¡Õ£ÖÕ¥Ö (azat tsragir/tsragrer)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ia</td><td>Interlingua</td>
+<td lang="ia" xml:lang="ia">
+libere programmage / libere programmario</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>id</td><td>Indonesian</td>
+<td lang="id" xml:lang="id">
+perangkat lunak bebas</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>io</td><td>Ido</td>
+<td lang="io" xml:lang="io">
+libera programaro</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>is</td><td>Icelandic</td>
+<td lang="is" xml:lang="is">
+frjáls hugbúnaður</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>it</td><td>Italian</td>
+<td lang="it" xml:lang="it">
+software libero</td>
+<td lang="it" xml:lang="it">
+software gratuito</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ja</td><td>Japanese</td>
+<td lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">
+èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ (jiyuu software)</td>
+<td lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">
+ç¡æã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ (muryou software)</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ko</td><td>Korean</td>
+<td lang="ko" xml:lang="ko">
+ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ (ja-yu software)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>lt</td><td>Lithuanian</td>
+<td lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">
+laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga</td>
+<td lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">
+nemokama programinÄ Ä¯ranga</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>mk</td><td>Macedonian</td>
+<td lang="mk" xml:lang="mk">
+Ñлободен ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ (sloboden softver)</td>
+<td lang="mk" xml:lang="mk">
+беÑплаÑен ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ (besplaten softver)</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ml</td><td>Malayalam</td>
+<td lang="ml" xml:lang="ml">
+à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
+(svatantrasophṯṯveyar)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ms</td><td>Malay</td>
+<td lang="ms" xml:lang="ms">
+perisian bebas</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>nl</td><td>Dutch</td>
+<td lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">
+vrije software</td>
+<td lang="nl" xml:lang="nl">
+gratis software</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>no</td><td>Norwegian</td>
+<td lang="no" xml:lang="no">
+fri programvare</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>pl</td><td>Polish</td>
+<td lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">
+wolne oprogramowanie</td>
+<td lang="pl" xml:lang="pl">
+darmowe oprogramowanie</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>pt</td><td>Portuguese</td>
+<td lang="pt" xml:lang="pt">
+software livre</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ro</td><td>Romanian</td>
+<td lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">
+software liber</td>
+<td lang="ro" xml:lang="ro">
+programe gratuite</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ru</td><td>Russian</td>
+<td lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ (svobodnie programmi)</td>
+<td lang="ru" xml:lang="ru">
+беÑплаÑнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ (besplatnie programmi)</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sc</td><td>Sardinian</td>
+<td lang="sc" xml:lang="sc">
+software liberu</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>si</td><td>Sinhala</td>
+<td lang="si" xml:lang="si">
+නà·à¶¯à·à·à· මà·à¶¯à·à¶à·à¶à¶
+(nidahas má¹dukÄá¹
ga)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sk</td><td>Slovak</td>
+<td lang="sk" xml:lang="sk">
+slobodný softvér</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sl</td><td>Slovenian</td>
+<td lang="sl" xml:lang="sl">
+prosto programje</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sq</td><td>Albanian</td>
+<td lang="sq" xml:lang="sq">
+software i lirë</td>
+<td lang="sq" xml:lang="sq">
+software falas</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sr / hr</td><td>Serbian / Croatian</td>
+<td lang="sr" xml:lang="sr">
+Ñлободни ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ / slobodni softver</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sv</td><td>Swedish</td>
+<td lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">
+fri programvara / fri mjukvara</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>sw</td><td>Swahili</td>
+<td lang="sw" xml:lang="sw">
+Programu huru za Kompyuta</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ta</td><td>Tamil</td>
+<td lang="ta" xml:lang="ta">
+à®à®à¯à®à®±à¯à®± à®®à¯à®©à¯à®ªà¯à®°à¯à®³à¯
+(kaá¹á¹aá¹á¹a meá¹poñaḷ)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>th</td><td>Thai</td>
+<td lang="th" xml:lang="th">
+à¸à¸à¸à¸à¹à¹à¸§à¸£à¹à¹à¸ªà¸£à¸µ
+(sofotwerseri)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>tl</td><td>Tagalog / Filipino</td>
+<td lang="tl" xml:lang="tl">
+malayang software</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>tr</td><td>Turkish</td>
+<td lang="tr" xml:lang="tr">
+özgür yazılım</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>uk</td><td>Ukrainian</td>
+<td lang="uk" xml:lang="uk">
+вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ (vil'ne prohramne
zabezpechennja)</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>vi</td><td>Vietnamese</td>
+<td lang="vi" xml:lang="vi">
+phần má»m tá»± do</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>zh-cn</td><td>Chinese (Simplified)</td>
+<td lang="zh-cn" xml:lang="zh-cn">
+èªç±è½¯ä»¶ (zi-you ruan-jian)</td>
+<td lang="zh-cn" xml:lang="zh-cn">
+å
费软件</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>zh-tw</td><td>Chinese (Traditional)</td>
+<td lang="zh-tw" xml:lang="zh-tw">
+èªç±è»é« (zih-yo)</td>
+<td lang="zh-tw" xml:lang="zh-tw">
+å
è²»è»é«</td>
+<td> </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>zu</td><td>Zulu</td>
+<td lang="zu" xml:lang="zu">
+Isoftware Ekhululekile</td>
+<td> </td><td> </td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+2011, 2012, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/07/23 10:30:48 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/rms-aj.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/rms-aj.ru-en.html
diff -N po/rms-aj.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/rms-aj.ru-en.html 23 Jul 2013 10:30:48 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,754 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>RMS on the Alex Jones Show
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-aj.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Richard Stallman on the Alex Jones Show</h2>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>This is a transcript of an interview with Richard Stallman
+conducted by Alex Jones on January 19, 2012.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<dl>
+
+<dt>Alex Jones</dt>
+
+<dd>
+
+<p>Okay, my friends, we've got a real treat for you—they talk
+about the top ten people out there in Internet land who've really
+changed our perspective on so many things, it's Dr. Richard
+Stallman. He's a software developer and software freedom activist, he
+graduated from Harvard in '74 with a BA in physics and received many
+awards, doctorates and professorships for extensive work.</p>
+
+<p>In January of '84 he resigned from MIT to start the GNU or
+[pronounced] “guh-new” operating system, meant to be
+entirely free software, and has been the project leader ever since.
+Dr. Stallman also launched the free software movement.</p>
+
+<p>In October of '85 he started the Free Software Foundation (and thank
+god, because nothing would work if we were running off of Microsoft
+still, and I don't know anything about Internet, but I know that), and
+in 1999 Stallman called for development of a free online encyclopedia
+with a means of inviting the public to contribute articles so he was the
+progenitor of Wikipedia.</p>
+
+<p>During his college years he also worked as a staff hacker at the MIT
+artificial intelligence lab learning operating system development by
+doing it.</p>
+
+<p>Stallman pioneered the concept of “copyleft” and is the
+main author of the GNU General Public License, the most widely-used free
+software license. This is why since the mid-90s Stallman has spent most
+of his time in political advocacy for free software and spreading the
+ethical ideas as well as campaigning against both software patents and
+dangerous extensions of copyright laws. That's why he's probably the
+best guest we can get on to discuss Russia, China, the US: they're all
+using copyright, and later admitting they're using it to shut down free
+speech.</p>
+
+<p>SOPA's just one manifestation of this. And this monster's receding
+for now but it's guaranteed to come back very soon, in fact in a few
+weeks. Here's the Associated Press; “Supreme Court Rules Congress
+Can Re-Copyright Public Domain Works” that have been out for
+hundreds of years, this is amazing, so here to break down the different
+horrors of the expansion of copyright—to where you can't even use
+[some] words now, they're saying—is Professor and
+Dr. Stallman. Thank you for coming on with us, sir.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Richard Stallman</dt>
+
+<dd>Hello.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Hello. Well, let's go over it I mean what do you make of what's
+happening right now?</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Well, I haven't read any details about today's Supreme Court
+Decision, I haven't seen that yet. But previously other Supreme Court
+decisions said it was unconstitutional to recopyright anything that was
+in the public domain. But this is a very pro-business Supreme Court, we
+can't trust it to protect human rights. They're going to give those
+human rights to corporations, and protect the rights of corporations,
+but not the rights of humans in any practical sense.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Yes, sir. What got you started developing the ideas that have become
+the free software movement that you kicked off?</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>I lived in a free software community in the 1970's, although we
+didn't use that term, when I was working at the artificial intelligence
+lab at MIT. It was part of a community where we shared the software that
+we developed, and all the software that we used was the software of the
+community, and we were happy to share it with anyone that was interested
+in it, and we hoped that if they improved it they would share it back,
+and often they did.</p>
+
+<p>But this community died in the early 80's, leaving
+me face to face with the proprietary software world, which is the way
+everyone else was using software. And by comparison to the life of
+freedom I was used to, proprietary software was ugly—morally
+ugly.</p>
+
+<p>So I balked at that, I said I am not going to accept the life of
+proprietary software, I would be ashamed of my life if I did that, so I
+decided to build a new free software community. Since the old one was
+based on software for obsolete computers, it was necessary to start
+again from scratch. So I launched that project, and now there are free
+operating systems, now it's just barely possible to use computers and
+not be subjugated by software developers of nonfree software.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>But expanding that, with just basic text copyright, take Righthaven,
+they've been absolutely destroyed in court, they sued a lot of people
+across the spectrum for even taking a paragraph in a comment board where
+it was clearly a third party that had even done it, and they were backed
+by the Associated Press and others, I mean that is really creep to have
+the Associated Press and others actually suing, you know, quadriplegics
+and community activist groups helping homeless people because they had
+one paragraph of their article and clearly were discussing in many cases
+their own—they were in the news article, they were posting it on
+their blog about them for humanitarian discussion, couldn't get any more
+clear [that it's] free speech, and they were being sued.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Well, if they went to court they might win, the defendants might win
+on the grounds of fair use, the problem is it's hard to tell in advance
+and it costs you a lot of money to go to court and find out, so those
+people probably didn't have enough money to stand up for what are
+possibly their rights, plausibly their rights. But because of the way
+fair use is defined in copyright law it's not a clear permission. It's a
+rather vaguely-drawn defense against charges of copyright infringement.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Yeah, case by case. Shifting gears, overall, specifically on SOPA is
+it heartening for you to see the big blackouts, to see…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>It is. And what this means is, that we can sometimes defeat the
+copyright lobby when it demands increased power. Of course, we haven't
+defeated them yet. We are at least coming close to defeating them, and
+maybe we'll defeat them, but everybody listening to this, you've got to
+phone your senators today, because they're going to vote next week. So
+at least even if we don't actually defeat them we'll have mounted a
+campaign that will have come fairly close.</p>
+
+<p>This is the first time it's been such a fight. When the Digital
+Millennium Copyright Act was passed, the law that censors software that
+you can use to decode encrypted publications, that you can use to break
+digital handcuffs; that was passed in the House of Representatives
+without an explicit vote, it was considered totally uncontroversial,
+there were just a few of us saying that this is an injustice.</p>
+
+<p>And that's why Digital Restrictions Management or DRM is such a pain
+nowadays, because of that law that the copyright lobby purchased in
+1998, which bans the software capable of breaking the digital handcuffs.
+So I am against anything that the copyright lobby wants until they start
+undoing some of the injustices they've already imposed on us.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Doctor, let me try to quantify that from my layman's perspective and
+correct me if I'm wrong, but this is what I see as the injustice:
+they're talking about their rights as they attempt to put a preemptive,
+non-deliberative, no due process, guilty until proven guilty
+system…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Guilty until proven innocent, I think you meant.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Well, I was being sarcastic, I mean you're guilty basically, period.
+Yeah, guilty until proven guilty, I was being sarcastic…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Oh, OK.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>But I mean you're guilty up front. And they're basically just
+gobbling up the Internet, gobbling up what people have created, gobbling
+up everything like they're masters of the Universe, and until they
+become reasonable, there's no point in discussing anything with them,
+because they're not giving anyone quarter.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>I agree. But furthermore, the more subtle thing that they're doing
+is that they're trying to focus attention on their problems as if their
+problems needed to be catered to while distracting away from the
+problems they have already imposed on us.</p>
+
+<p>I hope we completely defeat SOPA. But don't forget that copyright
+law in the US already gives them too much power. Of course they're not
+satisfied, they always want more, that's what the 1% do to the 99%, but
+even if we stop them from getting more, that's not enough.</p>
+
+<p>We've got to aim for more than just preventing them from making it
+worse. We've got to undo some of the injustices they have already done
+to us. We have to put an end to the war on sharing, which is a cruel
+war that attacks all of us.</p>
+
+<p>Now, when I say sharing, I mean something specific. I mean
+non-commercial copying and redistribution of published works. Exact
+copies, that means, not modifications. That's a rather limited freedom,
+but that's a freedom all must have so that the war on sharing ends and
+copyright ceases to be tyranny.</p>
+
+<p>Now, that means they've got to stop using digital handcuffs. Lots of
+products nowadays are designed with digital handcuffs. Every DVD player
+you can buy has digital handcuffs…</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Let me give people an example. I have a TV studio, I have a TV show,
+I make films. I buy prosumer and professional equipment, and half of
+our technical difficulties with digital TVs, monitors, cameras is having
+the right software keys, everything talking to each other plugged in, it
+has to authenticate that I'm allowed to run a video through it, it's all
+spying on me and screwing up my entire operation, my whole life is about
+complying with this stuff, and I bought it and I'm in here using it to
+produce TV, and as the 80 inventors of the Internet pointed out, this
+SOPA would cripple the Internet by putting all these pre-restrictions on
+things.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Well, yes. The worst thing in SOPA is that it becomes easy to shut
+down any website where the public is posting things. It just takes an
+accusation that somebody posted something that was infringing copyright
+and it becomes almost impossible for that site to keep operating.
+That's why Wikipedia decided to go black yesterday, because it would be
+impossible to operate something even vaguely like Wikipedia under the
+rules of SOPA.</p>
+
+<p>Now, after the show's over I'd like you to tell me more about the
+precise details of your problems with these TV systems or have your
+technical person tell me because that's an area I don't know about, and
+I want to know about the details of that.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Sure, if you'd like that, Doctor, I actually have two engineers
+here, and they can explain it to you, but you know we have TV sets
+behind me on the nightly news and they're digital, and just to run feeds
+to them to talk to a guest on Skype or to have a blue background behind
+me, all the TVs you buy that are prosumer or even professional now, it
+has a gate in it that scans to see if I'm even streaming something over
+it that's copyright, and then it's endless—to use software, you've
+got to have the dongle in the machine, and then that screws
+up…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Well that's 'cause you're using proprietary software. See with
+software there are just two possibilities—either the users control
+the program or the program controls the users. What you're seeing is
+that with proprietary software, the software controls the users.</p>
+
+<p>Now, what's proprietary software? That's any software for which the
+users don't have the freedom to run it as they wish, study and change
+the source code, and redistribute it either with or without changes.
+So…</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Sure, just to be clear, doctor…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>…control. But with Windows or MacOS or Skype the software
+controls the users. That's why I will not use any of that.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Well, it is the machine surveying us, preemptively turning us into
+slaves. A lot of our operation is run on Linux systems, I'm not a tech
+guy…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Uh-uh, they're not Linux systems, they're GNU systems, and you're
+talking about my work there.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>You're right, you are the progenitor of that with GNU that other
+things grew out of. So GNU systems, we do have a lot of those, one of
+our IT people just absolutely loves your work and has tried to build a
+lot of things around here like that.</p>
+
+<p>But separately, when I've got a pretty big operation—it's not
+that big, like 34 people—sometimes we've gotta hurry, we've gotta
+buy software to run TV shows, we've got to get equipment, I'm talking
+about solid state stuff that won't work as well. All I'm saying is that
+it screws everything up.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Hardware can be malicious too. And the encryption of video between
+a computer and a monitor is an example of a malicious hardware feature
+that has been put into essentially all modern PCs by a conspiracy of
+corporations…</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Yeah!</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>…including hardware companies and media companies, so you can
+see it! They buy laws like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to
+forbid people to escape from these things, and then they can design our
+technology to abuse us however they wish.</p>
+
+<p>So what you can see is that proprietary software—even when
+there's hardware that's malicious, the software has to make use of the
+malicious features, so the proprietary software's involved also. And
+when software's proprietary, it is likely to have malicious features in
+it to spy, to restrict, and there's even back doors that accept remote
+commands to do things.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>That's what I was about to get to, sir. We're talking to Richard
+Stallman, free software inventor, creator, guru, Obi-Wan Kenobi type, so
+much of what we live with today that is the only alternative to what the
+big corporate borg are oppressing us with, did come out of his
+ideas.</p>
+
+<p>But expanding on this, doc, that's what I'm saying. I've tried to get
+the freer systems and I'm saying in many cases it does not exist. I
+don't have the money to hire an army of people that are trained in free
+software to be able to even attempt it, and what you said is true.
+There's all these trojan horses built into everything, and I'm even
+paying for it, and it's junk no matter how expensive because the whole
+thing is tied down with these handcuffs, and it just absolutely stifles
+innovation as you said thirty years ago.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Mmn-hmmn. Although it does worse than stifle innovation. You see,
+innovation is the sacred cow of people who claim that they need to be
+allowed to restrict us. They say if they can restrict us they'll do more
+innovation. But innovation can be good or bad. Democracy was once an
+innovation. Tyranny was once an innovation. So innovation can serve us.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Bioweapons were once an innovation.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Innovation will only serve us if we have control over what
+innovations we'll accept and what innovations we'll reject. So I do not
+accept innovation as sufficiently important to justify taking away our
+freedom. Yes, I'd like innovation all else being equal assuming we have
+freedom. But when somebody argues, “give up your freedom so we can
+have more innovation,” that is literally a trojan horse.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Well that's well said, but my point is, they are—I mean,
+everybody knows Microsoft stuff works horribly because it's all got back
+doors, spy systems, and it's just total crap. Because, excuse my French
+there, because they're obsessed and control freaks; Bill Gates!</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Yup. But it's not just Microsoft. I've got to point out that Apple
+is even worse…</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Oh yeah.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>And Amazon is horrible. The Amazon “Swindle” and eBook
+reader has known spy features, of course it has digital handcuffs, and
+it has a back door for deleting books. Did you know that Amazon remotely
+deleted thousands of books in 2009?</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Yeah, 1984!</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Right. Someone wrote they used up a year's supply of irony
+demonstrating the Orwellian nature of their product, which they call the
+Kindle because it's designed to burn our books. But they demonstrated it
+by deleting Orwell's book.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Oh, that's another point. They've got this Kazaa thing
+[Note—Youtube's content fingerprinting system was actually
+licensed from AudibleMagic in 2007] where I've had rights to music, I've
+uploaded it, but because it's in some registrar, suddenly it shuts down
+the audio on my videos that millions of people are watching, and even
+though I have letters sending them to Youtube that I have license here,
+it doesn't matter because the computer recognizes and did that, and they
+now admit they could erase my voice off of these major systems in a
+matter of hours with the same technology—I mean, you talk about
+dangerous having all the books digital, they could just hit a
+button…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>That's why I won't use such systems, I will never use anything like
+the Amazon Kindle for my books, because I want to have books that I can
+read without any proprietary technology, I want to buy them without
+identifying myself, and I'm not willing to sign a contract to get them.
+If I buy a paper book, I can do it with cash in a book store, I don't
+sign a contract, and my eyes without any aid at all, or at most perhaps
+some lenses, can see the letters. I'm not required to get some secret
+technology just to see what the letters in the book are.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Wow.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>So I will never use those eBooks under any circumstances, and I hope
+that the rest of you will join me. If you want to read more about this,
+look at <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf";>
+http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf</a>, and at the bottom of that
+there's a link to a place you can sign up to participate in our campaign
+against tyrannical eBooks systems.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>I had read some of your writings on this, but the way you put it, we
+can really see it being put into function. I mean, this is a tyranny,
+they've designed the current web system as a tyranny, consciously, as
+you said, the big corporations, and the sick part is when we pay the
+licenses and buy the equipment, we're paying for their own trojan horse
+for them to engage in beyond Orwellian behavior.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Well, I wouldn't say beyond Orwellian, after all Oceania did things
+even worse than destroying books, they just murdered people, but the
+point is we have to reject these systems, and that's the basic idea of
+the free software movement—I won't accept the systems that are
+designed to take away my freedom.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>OK, Doctor, I'm going to try to get you in touch right now with one
+of the engineers to give you any of that information you want, and I'll
+say bye to you during the break, perhaps you could even come back for a
+couple more minutes on the other side and tell us more about solutions,
+but, just intriguing to hear you on with us and all the points that you
+bring up, it absolutely makes sterling sense.</dd>
+
+</dl>
+
+<p>[Break.]</p>
+
+<dl>
+
+<dt>Alex Jones</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Well, Richard Stallman, Dr. Richard Stallman, free software
+creator of the GNU system that everything is pretty much based on today,
+Linux, you name it, is our guest for five more minutes. He's going to
+be gone for a while, but hopefully coming up in a few months, we'll be
+able to get him on for a full hour because everything he talks about
+just totally clicks; because I'm not an IT person, but I live
+12–14 hours per day around it, we're an Internet operation pretty
+much, we're on commercial radio as well and XM, but I live it and I've
+experienced what he's talking about and all the points he makes ties
+right in to what I'm just organically seeing as a lay person here, but I
+was bringing up some intriguing stuff to him during the break.</p>
+
+<p>We have the articles we had the Time-Warner executives send us the
+internal documents after we surmised it, an example of these trojan
+horses. The TiVo systems, the Time-Warner cable systems and others.</p>
+
+<p>When they censored the Jesse Ventura TV show, it aired once, congress
+went crazy on the FEMA camps, ordered them not to air it again, that
+later came out in congress, it was a big scandal, suddenly off of DVRs
+nationwide, cable systems you name it, it disappeared. We confirmed it
+through one Time-Warner office that they were ordered to put the command
+in. They'd never seen that before.</p>
+
+<p>But the point is, you pay for cable, you have a DVR, you record on it
+and then they go in and erase. And I know you want to see the proof of
+that, we'll get it to you, Doctor, but if true, what do you make of
+that?</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>Richard Stallman</dt>
+
+<dd>It's just another example of how nonfree software is a restriction
+on the users, and it's an injustice. So if you look around at any
+nonfree software you've heard of, you know, various products that have
+nonfree software in them, every one of them should not be that way.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Yeah, it's very very sad that this is all going on, we're paying for
+our own prison. In just 3 or 4 minutes, because I know you've got to
+go, Doctor, what are some other solutions or things we can start doing
+to weaken the power of the corporate borg?</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Well, all across the various areas of life we can see corporations
+taking control of our government and using that power to hurt most
+people. Of course, there's the financial crisis, and all the Americans
+are facing foreclosures. A lot of these foreclosures are fraudulent,
+the banks are committing fraud when they foreclose, and right now we're
+pushing Obama not to let them off the hook, which is what he wants them
+to do. There are a few states where the Attorneys-General are trying to
+pursue the banksters for their fraudulent foreclosures, and there are
+protests run by Move On, today, I'm going to go to one of them this
+afternoon, but that's just one example.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, the banks created the downturn by purchasing deregulation
+in Congress. And then if we look at, for instance, agribusiness which
+has basically crushed family farming in the US and now gets tremendous
+subsidies to these corporations, subsidies which were originally meant
+to help family farmers, and that made sense. But nowadays, it's just
+subsidies to big business. And then you look at the private prison
+industry, which is a great reason […]</p>
+
+<p>They use the prisoners, they have the prisoners work, but it's the
+company that gets the money. The prisoner gets paid like 50 cents a
+day, which is even better for them than hiring somebody in Mexico or
+China. And so, that's a reason to imprison more Americans because
+they're effectively slave labor.</p>
+
+<p>And then we will get the oil companies, and they push for burning up
+our planet. You may have followed the fight to block the Keystone XL
+planet roaster pipeline, and that's not dead either.</p>
+
+<p>So what is it these things have in common? What they have is,
+corporations have power so we need to clean up politics. We need to get
+corporate money out of politics.</p>
+
+<p>And I got a book yesterday, let me read the exact title, it's
+“Corporations Are Not People” by Jeffrey Clements, and this
+proposes a constitutional amendment to say “no, when the
+constitution gives rights to people or persons it's not talking about
+corporations.”</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>Well, the power to give corporations rights so they can then stomp on
+our rights, it's very very frightening, and for those who don't know,
+you couldn't even have corporations in this country the way they are
+until about the last 130 years or so, before that they had limited
+duration to build a bridge or to do some type of program. And I
+understand a little company having a corporation so you can have
+different people involved together, but the idea of giving it more
+rights than the humans, and then having these crooks that run it.</p>
+
+<p>I mean, take Mitt Romney: he's got most his money in the Cayman
+Islands, and he's running around lecturing everybody, and he's paying
+almost no taxes.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Well, he said that corporations are people and someone pointed out
+that if that's true, then he's a serial killer.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Ha-ha, yeah I saw that!</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>I don't want to abolish corporations either, but we must abolish the
+political power of business. In this country, it's taken for granted
+that powerful business has a veto over everything. And that means it's
+taken for granted that we've lost our democracy. No one should think
+about that without feeling disgusted and saying this must be
+changed.</p>
+
+<p>Get that book, because he explains how it's not an accident that the
+Supreme Court gave corporations unlimited power to pay for political
+ads. It's the culmination of a 40-year or 35-year perhaps campaign for
+giving human rights to corporations.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>It is very very dangerous, and now those corporations are destroying
+our sovereignty, our local control. Dr. Stallman, thank you so
+much for spending time with us and again give us your website and any
+other websites you think are important for people to look at.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>For free software, look at the Free Software Foundation site, that
+is <a href="http://fsf.org";>http://fsf.org</a>, and you can join, if you
+wish. For my other political causes, look at <a
+href="http://stallman.org";> http://stallman.org</a>. And if you want to
+join our fight against digital handcuffs (DRM), go to <a
+href="http://defectivebydesign.org";> http://defectivebydesign.org</a>.
+And for the danger of eBooks and how they take away our freedom, look at
+<a href="http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf";>
+http://stallman.org/articles/ebooks.pdf</a>.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Alright, doc, thanks for the time, but in the final statement, just
+reiterating you think it's really exciting that there's such an
+awakening to the power grabbing of the copyright industry and the fact
+that Hollywood and others just think they control the known Universe,
+and this has certainly gotten their attention, what do you expect them
+to do now? How will…</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>
+<p>They'll find another way. You see, whether we defeat SOPA or not,
+even if we defeat it, it'll be clear that we defeated it because the
+measures they wanted to take were going to cause tremendous damage to
+everything around them. But if they propose something else that'll give
+them more power, but won't hurt other companies, they might still get
+away with it.</p>
+
+<p>So what that means is we still have a long way to go in building up
+our opposition to the point where we can start to undo some of the
+injustices they have already put into copyright law.</p>
+</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>So it was just so ham-fisted and so brazen bull in a china cabinet,
+they were unable to get it, but they will come back. And it does show,
+I mean, remember five years ago, when McCain said “let's pass a
+bill where no judge, no jury, no proof we just kill your computer if we
+think you did something copyright,” I mean, this is overthrowing
+our entire Magna Charta, our entire constitution. I mean, it's
+tyrannical on it's face, Doc.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Absolutely. But that's what big business is like. Big business
+just wants power and has no respect for anything.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Wow. Well, I look forward to speaking with you again, thank you so
+much, Doctor.</dd>
+
+<dt>RS</dt>
+
+<dd>Happy hacking! Thanks for giving me the chance.</dd>
+
+<dt>AJ</dt>
+
+<dd>Yeah, thanks for being with us.</dd>
+
+</dl>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
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+
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+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
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+
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+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2012 Richard Stallman and Alex Jones.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/07/23 10:30:48 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
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