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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy compromise.el.html compromise.pt... |
|
Date: |
Thu, 04 Jul 2013 14:59:57 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/07/04 14:59:57
Modified files:
philosophy : compromise.el.html compromise.pt-br.html
compromise.zh-cn.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : compromise.el-diff.html
compromise.pt-br-diff.html
compromise.zh-cn-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/compromise.el.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/compromise.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.el-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.pt-br-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: compromise.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/compromise.el.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- compromise.el.html 28 Feb 2013 19:11:09 -0000 1.30
+++ compromise.el.html 4 Jul 2013 14:59:55 -0000 1.31
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.el.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.el.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/compromise.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/compromise.el-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-05-05" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.el.html" -->
<h2>ÎÏοÏεÏγονÏÎ±Ï Î¿Î»ÎθÏιοÏ
Ï ÏÏ
μβιβαÏμοÏÏ</h2>
<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
@@ -277,7 +284,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
-$Date: 2013/02/28 19:11:09 $
+$Date: 2013/07/04 14:59:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: compromise.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/compromise.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- compromise.pt-br.html 28 Feb 2013 19:11:11 -0000 1.14
+++ compromise.pt-br.html 4 Jul 2013 14:59:55 -0000 1.15
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.pt-br.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.pt-br.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/compromise.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/compromise.pt-br-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-05-05" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pt-br.html" -->
<h2>Evitando Compromissos Ruinosos</h2>
<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
@@ -265,7 +272,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2013/02/28 19:11:11 $
+$Date: 2013/07/04 14:59:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: compromise.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- compromise.zh-cn.html 28 Feb 2013 19:11:11 -0000 1.20
+++ compromise.zh-cn.html 4 Jul 2013 14:59:55 -0000 1.21
@@ -9,6 +9,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/compromise.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-05-05" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-cn.html" -->
<h2>é¿å
æ¯çæ§ç妥å</h2>
<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2013/02/28 19:11:11 $
+$Date: 2013/07/04 14:59:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/compromise.el-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/compromise.el-diff.html
diff -N po/compromise.el-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/compromise.el-diff.html 4 Jul 2013 14:59:56 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/compromise.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</h2>
+
+<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
+background-color: #ececec; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em;
+margin-top: 4em;"><p><em>“Twenty-five years
+ago <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">on September 27, 1983, I
+announced a plan</a> to create a completely free operating system
+called GNU—for ‘GNU's Not Unix’. As part of the
+25th anniversary of the GNU system, I have written this article on how
+our community can avoid ruinous compromises. In addition to avoiding
+such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href="/help/">help
+GNU</a> and free software. One basic way is
+to <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052">
+join the Free Software Foundation</a> as an Associate
+Member.”</em>—<b>Richard
Stallman</b></p></div>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>The free software movement aims for a social
+change: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">to make all software
+free</a> so that all software users are free and can be part of a
+community of cooperation. Every nonfree program gives its developer
+unjust power over the users. Our goal is to put an end to that
+injustice.</p>
+
+<p>The road to freedom
+is <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2008/spring/the-last-mile-is-always-the-hardest/">
+a long road</a>. It will take many steps and many years to reach a
+world in which it is normal for software users to have freedom. Some
+of these steps are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become easier
+if we make compromises with people that have different goals.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software
+Foundation</a> makes compromises—even major ones. For
+instance, we made compromises in the patent provisions of version 3 of
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>
(GNU GPL) so
+that major companies would contribute to and distribute GPLv3-covered
+software and thus bring some patents under the effect of these
+provisions. </p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gplv3-large.png" alt="" style="float: left;" />
+
+<p><a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">The Lesser GPL</a>'s
purpose is a
+compromise: we use it on certain chosen free libraries to permit their
+use in nonfree programs because we think that legally prohibiting
+this would only drive developers to proprietary libraries instead. We
+accept and install code in GNU programs to make them work together
+with common nonfree programs, and we document and publicize this in
+ways that encourage users of the latter to install the former, but not
+vice versa. We support specific campaigns we agree with, even when we
+don't fully agree with the groups behind them.</p>
+
+<p>But we reject certain compromises even though many others in our
+community are willing to make them. For instance,
+we <a href="/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
+endorse only the GNU/Linux distributions</a> that have policies not to
+include nonfree software or lead users to install it. To endorse
+nonfree distributions would be a <acronym title="ruinous
+(rū'ə-nəs) adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause ruin;
+destructive. 2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or
+decayed.">ruinous</acronym> compromise.</p>
+
+<p>Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the
+long term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of
+actions.</p>
+
+<p>At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce
+the premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software
+users are free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize
+freedom as an issue. They have taken up “consumer”
+values, which means they judge any program only on practical characteristics
+such as price and convenience.</p>
+
+<p>Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win
Friends and
+Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to
+persuade someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal
+to his values. There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values
+typical in our society. For instance, free software obtained gratis
+can save the user money. Many free programs are convenient and
+reliable, too. Citing those practical benefits has succeeded in
+persuading many users to adopt various free programs, some of which
+are now quite successful.</p>
+
+<p>If getting more people to use some free programs is as far as you
+aim to go, you might decide to keep quiet about the concept of
+freedom, and focus only on the practical advantages that make sense
+in terms of consumer values. That's what the term “open
+source” and its associated rhetoric do.</p>
+
+<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People
+who use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it
+only as long as it is convenient. And they will see no reason not to
+use convenient proprietary programs along with it.</p>
+
+<p>The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer
+values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That's why we
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">do not support
+open source.</a></p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gnulaptop.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
+
+<p>To establish a free community fully and lastingly, we need to do
+more than get people to use some free software. We need to spread the
+idea of judging software (and other things) on “citizen
+values”, based on whether it respects users' freedom and
+community, not just in terms of convenience. Then people will not
+fall into the trap of a proprietary program baited by an attractive,
+convenient feature.</p>
+
+<p>To promote citizen values, we have to talk about them and show how
+they are the basis of our actions. We must reject the Dale Carnegie
+compromise that would influence their actions by endorsing their
+consumer values.</p>
+
+<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we
can
+and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals
+the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore,
+when we cite the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate
+frequently that those are just <em>additional, secondary</em>
reasons
+to prefer it.</p>
+
+<p>It's not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our
+actions have to accord with them too. So we must also avoid
+compromises that involve doing or legitimizing the things we aim to
+stamp out.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, experience shows that you can attract some users to
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">GNU/Linux</a> if you include some
+nonfree programs. This could mean a cute nonfree application that
+will catch some user's eye, or a nonfree programming platform such
+as <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java</a> (formerly) or the
+Flash runtime (still), or a nonfree device driver that enables
+support for certain hardware models.</p>
+
+<p>These compromises are tempting, but they undermine the goal. If
+you distribute nonfree software, or steer people towards it, you will
+find it hard to say, “Nonfree software is an injustice, a
+social problem, and we must put an end to it.” And even if you
+do continue to say those words, your actions will undermine them.</p>
+
+<p>The issue here is not whether people should be
<em>able</em>
+or <em>allowed</em> to install nonfree software; a general-purpose
+system enables and allows users to do whatever they wish. The issue
+is whether we guide users towards nonfree software. What they do on
+their own is their responsibility; what we do for them, and what we
+direct them towards, is ours. We must not direct the
+users towards proprietary software as if it were a solution, because
+proprietary software is the problem.</p>
+
+<p>A ruinous compromise is not just a bad influence on others. It can
+distort your own values, too, through cognitive dissonance. If you
+have certain values, but your actions imply other, conflicting values,
+you are likely to change your values or your actions so as to resolve the
+contradiction. Thus, projects that argue only from practical
+advantages, or direct people toward some nonfree software, nearly
+always shy away from even <em>suggesting</em> that nonfree software
+is unethical. For their participants, as well as for the public, they
+reinforce consumer values. We must reject these compromises if we wish
+to keep our values straight.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal
+of freedom, look at <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources">the FSF's
+resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that
+work with free software, <a href="/distros"> totally free GNU/Linux
+distros</a> to install, and <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="http://directory.fsf.org/"></em></ins></span>
+thousands of free software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>packages</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>packages</a></em></ins></span> that
+work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help the
+community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to
+publicly uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is
+good or bad, or what to do, cite the values of freedom and community
+and argue from them.</p>
+
+<p>A road that lets you go faster is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>no improvement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>not better</em></ins></span> if it leads to the
+wrong place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal,
+but beware of compromises that lead away from the goal.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+For a similar point in a different area of life,
+see <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/19/nudge-is-not-enough-behaviour-change">";'Nudge'
+is not enough"</a>.
+</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are
also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other
+corrections or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be
sent</em></ins></span> to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008, 2009 <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a>.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Richard
Stallman</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>This page</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the founder of the Free Software Foundation.
+You can copy and redistribute this article</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>licensed</em></ins></span> under <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a</em></ins></span> <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution
Noderivs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivs</em></ins></span> 3.0 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>license</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+<Work rdf:about="">
+<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/"; />
+</Work>
+
+<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"; />
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"; />
+
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"; />
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"; />
+</License>
+
+</rdf:RDF>
+
+--></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>United States
License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/07/04 14:59:56 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- All pages on the GNU web server
should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
-->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002."
--></strong></del></span>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/compromise.pt-br-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/compromise.pt-br-diff.html
diff -N po/compromise.pt-br-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/compromise.pt-br-diff.html 4 Jul 2013 14:59:56 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/compromise.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</h2>
+
+<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
+background-color: #ececec; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em;
+margin-top: 4em;"><p><em>“Twenty-five years
+ago <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">on September 27, 1983, I
+announced a plan</a> to create a completely free operating system
+called GNU—for ‘GNU's Not Unix’. As part of the
+25th anniversary of the GNU system, I have written this article on how
+our community can avoid ruinous compromises. In addition to avoiding
+such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href="/help/">help
+GNU</a> and free software. One basic way is
+to <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052">
+join the Free Software Foundation</a> as an Associate
+Member.”</em>—<b>Richard
Stallman</b></p></div>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>The free software movement aims for a social
+change: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">to make all software
+free</a> so that all software users are free and can be part of a
+community of cooperation. Every nonfree program gives its developer
+unjust power over the users. Our goal is to put an end to that
+injustice.</p>
+
+<p>The road to freedom
+is <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2008/spring/the-last-mile-is-always-the-hardest/">
+a long road</a>. It will take many steps and many years to reach a
+world in which it is normal for software users to have freedom. Some
+of these steps are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become easier
+if we make compromises with people that have different goals.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software
+Foundation</a> makes compromises—even major ones. For
+instance, we made compromises in the patent provisions of version 3 of
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>
(GNU GPL) so
+that major companies would contribute to and distribute GPLv3-covered
+software and thus bring some patents under the effect of these
+provisions. </p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gplv3-large.png" alt="" style="float: left;" />
+
+<p><a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">The Lesser GPL</a>'s
purpose is a
+compromise: we use it on certain chosen free libraries to permit their
+use in nonfree programs because we think that legally prohibiting
+this would only drive developers to proprietary libraries instead. We
+accept and install code in GNU programs to make them work together
+with common nonfree programs, and we document and publicize this in
+ways that encourage users of the latter to install the former, but not
+vice versa. We support specific campaigns we agree with, even when we
+don't fully agree with the groups behind them.</p>
+
+<p>But we reject certain compromises even though many others in our
+community are willing to make them. For instance,
+we <a href="/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
+endorse only the GNU/Linux distributions</a> that have policies not to
+include nonfree software or lead users to install it. To endorse
+nonfree distributions would be a <acronym title="ruinous
+(rū'ə-nəs) adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause ruin;
+destructive. 2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or
+decayed.">ruinous</acronym> compromise.</p>
+
+<p>Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the
+long term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of
+actions.</p>
+
+<p>At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce
+the premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software
+users are free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize
+freedom as an issue. They have taken up “consumer”
+values, which means they judge any program only on practical characteristics
+such as price and convenience.</p>
+
+<p>Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win
Friends and
+Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to
+persuade someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal
+to his values. There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values
+typical in our society. For instance, free software obtained gratis
+can save the user money. Many free programs are convenient and
+reliable, too. Citing those practical benefits has succeeded in
+persuading many users to adopt various free programs, some of which
+are now quite successful.</p>
+
+<p>If getting more people to use some free programs is as far as you
+aim to go, you might decide to keep quiet about the concept of
+freedom, and focus only on the practical advantages that make sense
+in terms of consumer values. That's what the term “open
+source” and its associated rhetoric do.</p>
+
+<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People
+who use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it
+only as long as it is convenient. And they will see no reason not to
+use convenient proprietary programs along with it.</p>
+
+<p>The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer
+values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That's why we
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">do not support
+open source.</a></p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gnulaptop.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
+
+<p>To establish a free community fully and lastingly, we need to do
+more than get people to use some free software. We need to spread the
+idea of judging software (and other things) on “citizen
+values”, based on whether it respects users' freedom and
+community, not just in terms of convenience. Then people will not
+fall into the trap of a proprietary program baited by an attractive,
+convenient feature.</p>
+
+<p>To promote citizen values, we have to talk about them and show how
+they are the basis of our actions. We must reject the Dale Carnegie
+compromise that would influence their actions by endorsing their
+consumer values.</p>
+
+<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we
can
+and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals
+the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore,
+when we cite the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate
+frequently that those are just <em>additional, secondary</em>
reasons
+to prefer it.</p>
+
+<p>It's not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our
+actions have to accord with them too. So we must also avoid
+compromises that involve doing or legitimizing the things we aim to
+stamp out.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, experience shows that you can attract some users to
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">GNU/Linux</a> if you include some
+nonfree programs. This could mean a cute nonfree application that
+will catch some user's eye, or a nonfree programming platform such
+as <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java</a> (formerly) or the
+Flash runtime (still), or a nonfree device driver that enables
+support for certain hardware models.</p>
+
+<p>These compromises are tempting, but they undermine the goal. If
+you distribute nonfree software, or steer people towards it, you will
+find it hard to say, “Nonfree software is an injustice, a
+social problem, and we must put an end to it.” And even if you
+do continue to say those words, your actions will undermine them.</p>
+
+<p>The issue here is not whether people should be
<em>able</em>
+or <em>allowed</em> to install nonfree software; a general-purpose
+system enables and allows users to do whatever they wish. The issue
+is whether we guide users towards nonfree software. What they do on
+their own is their responsibility; what we do for them, and what we
+direct them towards, is ours. We must not direct the
+users towards proprietary software as if it were a solution, because
+proprietary software is the problem.</p>
+
+<p>A ruinous compromise is not just a bad influence on others. It can
+distort your own values, too, through cognitive dissonance. If you
+have certain values, but your actions imply other, conflicting values,
+you are likely to change your values or your actions so as to resolve the
+contradiction. Thus, projects that argue only from practical
+advantages, or direct people toward some nonfree software, nearly
+always shy away from even <em>suggesting</em> that nonfree software
+is unethical. For their participants, as well as for the public, they
+reinforce consumer values. We must reject these compromises if we wish
+to keep our values straight.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal
+of freedom, look at <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources">the FSF's
+resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that
+work with free software, <a href="/distros"> totally free GNU/Linux
+distros</a> to install, and <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="http://directory.fsf.org/"></em></ins></span>
+thousands of free software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>packages</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>packages</a></em></ins></span> that
+work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help the
+community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to
+publicly uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is
+good or bad, or what to do, cite the values of freedom and community
+and argue from them.</p>
+
+<p>A road that lets you go faster is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>no improvement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>not better</em></ins></span> if it leads to the
+wrong place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal,
+but beware of compromises that lead away from the goal.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+For a similar point in a different area of life,
+see <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/19/nudge-is-not-enough-behaviour-change">";'Nudge'
+is not enough"</a>.
+</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are
also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other
+corrections or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be
sent</em></ins></span> to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008, 2009 <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a>.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Richard
Stallman</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>This page</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the founder of the Free Software Foundation.
+You can copy and redistribute this article</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>licensed</em></ins></span> under <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a</em></ins></span> <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution
Noderivs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivs</em></ins></span> 3.0 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>license</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+<Work rdf:about="">
+<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/"; />
+</Work>
+
+<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"; />
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"; />
+
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"; />
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"; />
+</License>
+
+</rdf:RDF>
+
+--></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>United States
License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/07/04 14:59:56 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- All pages on the GNU web server
should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
-->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002."
--></strong></del></span>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/compromise.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</h2>
+
+<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
+background-color: #ececec; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em;
+margin-top: 4em;"><p><em>“Twenty-five years
+ago <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">on September 27, 1983, I
+announced a plan</a> to create a completely free operating system
+called GNU—for ‘GNU's Not Unix’. As part of the
+25th anniversary of the GNU system, I have written this article on how
+our community can avoid ruinous compromises. In addition to avoiding
+such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href="/help/">help
+GNU</a> and free software. One basic way is
+to <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052">
+join the Free Software Foundation</a> as an Associate
+Member.”</em>—<b>Richard
Stallman</b></p></div>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>The free software movement aims for a social
+change: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">to make all software
+free</a> so that all software users are free and can be part of a
+community of cooperation. Every nonfree program gives its developer
+unjust power over the users. Our goal is to put an end to that
+injustice.</p>
+
+<p>The road to freedom
+is <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2008/spring/the-last-mile-is-always-the-hardest/">
+a long road</a>. It will take many steps and many years to reach a
+world in which it is normal for software users to have freedom. Some
+of these steps are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become easier
+if we make compromises with people that have different goals.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software
+Foundation</a> makes compromises—even major ones. For
+instance, we made compromises in the patent provisions of version 3 of
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>
(GNU GPL) so
+that major companies would contribute to and distribute GPLv3-covered
+software and thus bring some patents under the effect of these
+provisions. </p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gplv3-large.png" alt="" style="float: left;" />
+
+<p><a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">The Lesser GPL</a>'s
purpose is a
+compromise: we use it on certain chosen free libraries to permit their
+use in nonfree programs because we think that legally prohibiting
+this would only drive developers to proprietary libraries instead. We
+accept and install code in GNU programs to make them work together
+with common nonfree programs, and we document and publicize this in
+ways that encourage users of the latter to install the former, but not
+vice versa. We support specific campaigns we agree with, even when we
+don't fully agree with the groups behind them.</p>
+
+<p>But we reject certain compromises even though many others in our
+community are willing to make them. For instance,
+we <a href="/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
+endorse only the GNU/Linux distributions</a> that have policies not to
+include nonfree software or lead users to install it. To endorse
+nonfree distributions would be a <acronym title="ruinous
+(rū'ə-nəs) adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause ruin;
+destructive. 2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or
+decayed.">ruinous</acronym> compromise.</p>
+
+<p>Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the
+long term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of
+actions.</p>
+
+<p>At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce
+the premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software
+users are free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize
+freedom as an issue. They have taken up “consumer”
+values, which means they judge any program only on practical characteristics
+such as price and convenience.</p>
+
+<p>Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win
Friends and
+Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to
+persuade someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal
+to his values. There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values
+typical in our society. For instance, free software obtained gratis
+can save the user money. Many free programs are convenient and
+reliable, too. Citing those practical benefits has succeeded in
+persuading many users to adopt various free programs, some of which
+are now quite successful.</p>
+
+<p>If getting more people to use some free programs is as far as you
+aim to go, you might decide to keep quiet about the concept of
+freedom, and focus only on the practical advantages that make sense
+in terms of consumer values. That's what the term “open
+source” and its associated rhetoric do.</p>
+
+<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People
+who use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it
+only as long as it is convenient. And they will see no reason not to
+use convenient proprietary programs along with it.</p>
+
+<p>The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer
+values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That's why we
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">do not support
+open source.</a></p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gnulaptop.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
+
+<p>To establish a free community fully and lastingly, we need to do
+more than get people to use some free software. We need to spread the
+idea of judging software (and other things) on “citizen
+values”, based on whether it respects users' freedom and
+community, not just in terms of convenience. Then people will not
+fall into the trap of a proprietary program baited by an attractive,
+convenient feature.</p>
+
+<p>To promote citizen values, we have to talk about them and show how
+they are the basis of our actions. We must reject the Dale Carnegie
+compromise that would influence their actions by endorsing their
+consumer values.</p>
+
+<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we
can
+and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals
+the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore,
+when we cite the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate
+frequently that those are just <em>additional, secondary</em>
reasons
+to prefer it.</p>
+
+<p>It's not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our
+actions have to accord with them too. So we must also avoid
+compromises that involve doing or legitimizing the things we aim to
+stamp out.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, experience shows that you can attract some users to
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">GNU/Linux</a> if you include some
+nonfree programs. This could mean a cute nonfree application that
+will catch some user's eye, or a nonfree programming platform such
+as <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java</a> (formerly) or the
+Flash runtime (still), or a nonfree device driver that enables
+support for certain hardware models.</p>
+
+<p>These compromises are tempting, but they undermine the goal. If
+you distribute nonfree software, or steer people towards it, you will
+find it hard to say, “Nonfree software is an injustice, a
+social problem, and we must put an end to it.” And even if you
+do continue to say those words, your actions will undermine them.</p>
+
+<p>The issue here is not whether people should be
<em>able</em>
+or <em>allowed</em> to install nonfree software; a general-purpose
+system enables and allows users to do whatever they wish. The issue
+is whether we guide users towards nonfree software. What they do on
+their own is their responsibility; what we do for them, and what we
+direct them towards, is ours. We must not direct the
+users towards proprietary software as if it were a solution, because
+proprietary software is the problem.</p>
+
+<p>A ruinous compromise is not just a bad influence on others. It can
+distort your own values, too, through cognitive dissonance. If you
+have certain values, but your actions imply other, conflicting values,
+you are likely to change your values or your actions so as to resolve the
+contradiction. Thus, projects that argue only from practical
+advantages, or direct people toward some nonfree software, nearly
+always shy away from even <em>suggesting</em> that nonfree software
+is unethical. For their participants, as well as for the public, they
+reinforce consumer values. We must reject these compromises if we wish
+to keep our values straight.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal
+of freedom, look at <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources">the FSF's
+resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that
+work with free software, <a href="/distros"> totally free GNU/Linux
+distros</a> to install, and <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="http://directory.fsf.org/"></em></ins></span>
+thousands of free software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>packages</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>packages</a></em></ins></span> that
+work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help the
+community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to
+publicly uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is
+good or bad, or what to do, cite the values of freedom and community
+and argue from them.</p>
+
+<p>A road that lets you go faster is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>no improvement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>not better</em></ins></span> if it leads to the
+wrong place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal,
+but beware of compromises that lead away from the goal.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+For a similar point in a different area of life,
+see <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/19/nudge-is-not-enough-behaviour-change">";'Nudge'
+is not enough"</a>.
+</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are
also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other
+corrections or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be
sent</em></ins></span> to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008, 2009 <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a>.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Richard
Stallman</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>This page</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the founder of the Free Software Foundation.
+You can copy and redistribute this article</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>licensed</em></ins></span> under <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a</em></ins></span> <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution
Noderivs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivs</em></ins></span> 3.0 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>license</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+<Work rdf:about="">
+<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/"; />
+</Work>
+
+<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"; />
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"; />
+
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"; />
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"; />
+</License>
+
+</rdf:RDF>
+
+--></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>United States
License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/07/04 14:59:57 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- All pages on the GNU web server
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+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
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+</div>
+</body>
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+</pre></body></html>
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