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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr.po gnu/po/linux-and... |
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Date: |
Fri, 28 Jun 2013 18:59:21 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/06/28 18:59:20
Modified files:
gnu/po : linux-and-gnu.hr.po linux-and-gnu.translist
why-gnu-linux.hr.po why-gnu-linux.translist
philosophy/po : the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.po
the-danger-of-ebooks.translist
Added files:
gnu : linux-and-gnu.hr.html why-gnu-linux.hr.html
gnu/po : linux-and-gnu.hr-en.html
why-gnu-linux.hr-en.html
philosophy : the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.html
philosophy/po : the-danger-of-ebooks.hr-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.hr.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.hr.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr.po 28 Jun 2013 18:37:33 -0000 1.1
+++ gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr.po 28 Jun 2013 18:59:19 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-06-28 20:34+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Martina Bebek <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: www-hr <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: hr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
-"Language: hr\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist 29 Apr 2013 18:59:02 -0000 1.11
+++ gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist 28 Jun 2013 18:59:19 -0000 1.12
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fa" hreflang="fa"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="he" hreflang="he"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="id" hreflang="id"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="it" hreflang="it"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ja" hreflang="ja"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</span>
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr.po 28 Jun 2013 18:32:32 -0000 1.1
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr.po 28 Jun 2013 18:59:19 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-06-13 16:59+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Nevenko BariÄeviÄ <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: GNU Croatian Translation Team <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: hr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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-"Language: hr\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist 18 May 2013 06:40:37 -0000 1.11
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist 28 Jun 2013 18:59:20 -0000 1.12
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fa" hreflang="fa"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="he" hreflang="he"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="it" hreflang="it"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ja" hreflang="ja"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ko" hreflang="ko"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</span>
Index: philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.po 28 Jun 2013 18:25:18 -0000
1.3
+++ philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.po 28 Jun 2013 18:59:20 -0000
1.4
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: UTF-8\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
@@ -213,18 +212,7 @@
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
-# | Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
-# | href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also
<a
-# | href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. [-Broken links and
-# | other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
-# | href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.-]
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "org\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/"
-#| "\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections "
-#| "or suggestions can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
-#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
@@ -234,11 +222,7 @@
"org\"><address@hidden></a>. Postoje isto i <a href=\"/contact/\">drugi
"
"naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a."
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
-#| "\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
Index: philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist 27 Mar 2013 20:59:49
-0000 1.11
+++ philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist 28 Jun 2013 18:59:20
-0000 1.12
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="es" hreflang="es"
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.es.html">español</a> [es]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
Index: gnu/linux-and-gnu.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/linux-and-gnu.hr.html
diff -N gnu/linux-and-gnu.hr.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/linux-and-gnu.hr.html 28 Jun 2013 18:59:18 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.en.html" -->
+
+<title>Linux i GNU - Projekt GNU - Zaklada za slobodan softver</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Zaklada za slobodan softver,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, slobodan
+softver, operativni sustav, jezgra GNU, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Razvijamo Unixu sliÄan slobodan
operativni sustav GNU od 1983. godine kako
+bi korisnici raÄunala imali slobodu dijeliti i poboljÅ¡avati softver kojeg
+koriste." />
+<link rel="alternate" title="Å to je novo"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<link rel="alternate" title="Novi slobodan softver"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
+<h2>Linux i sustav GNU</h2>
+
+<p><strong>napisao <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>Za viÅ¡e informacija pogledajte takoÄer <a
href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">
+ÄPP o GNU/Linuxu</a>, i <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">ZaÅ¡to
+GNU/Linux?</a></p>
+ </blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Mnogi korisnici raÄunala svakodnevno upotrebljavaju izmijenjenu inaÄicu <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">sustava GNU</a>, iako toga
+nisu svjesni. Uslijed Äudnovatog razvoja dogaÄaja, inaÄica GNU-a koja je
+danas rasprostranjena u upotrebi Äesto se naziva “Linux”, a
+mnogi njeni korisnici <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html"> nisu
+svjesni</a> da je to u osnovi sustav GNU kojeg je razvio <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">Projekt GNU</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Linux zaista postoji i ovi ljudi ga upotrebljavaju, meÄutim, to je samo dio
+sustava kojeg koriste. Linux je jezgra: program u sustavu koji dodjeljuje
+resurse stroja drugim programima koje pokreÄete. Jezgra je kljuÄan dio
+operativnog sustava, no samostalno je beskorisna—može djelovati samo u
+sklopu potpunog operativnog sustava. Linux se uobiÄajeno koristi udružen s
+operativnim sustavom GNU: cijeli sustav je u osnovi GNU s dodanim Linuxom,
+ili GNU/Linux. Sve takozvane “Linux” distribucije su zapravo
+distribucije GNU/Linuxa.</p>
+
+<p>
+Mnogi korisnici ne razumiju razliku izmeÄu jezgre, koja je Linux, i Äitavog
+sustava, kojeg takoÄer nazivaju “Linuxom”. Nejasno koriÅ¡tenje
+imena ne pomaže u razumijevanju. Ovi korisnici Äesto misle da je Linus
+Torvalds, uz malu pomoÄ, razvio cijeli operativni sustav 1991. godine.</p>
+
+<p>
+Programeri opÄenito znaju da je Linux jezgra. No kako su veÄinom Äuli da se
+cijeli sustav isto tako naziva “Linuxom”, Äesto si predoÄavaju
+prošlost koja bi opravdala nazivanje cijelog sustava prema jezgri. Na
+primjer, mnogi vjeruju da su, jednom kada je Linus Torvalds dovršio pisanje
+Linuxa, jezgre, korisnici potražili drugi slobodan softver koji bi išao uz
+nju i pronaÅ¡li kako je (bez nekog naroÄitog razloga) gotovo sve potrebno za
+sustav nalik Unixu veÄ bilo dostupno.</p>
+
+<p>
+To Å¡to su pronaÅ¡li nije bila sluÄajnost—bio je to ne u potpunosti
+dovršen sustav GNU. Dostupan <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">slobodan
+softver</a> upotpunio je sustav jer je Projekt GNU na njemu radio od
+1984. godine. U <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html"> Manifestu GNU-a</a> postavili
+smo cilj da razvijemo potpun sustav nalik Unixu, nazvan GNU. <a
+href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html"> Prvotna objava</a> Projekta GNU
+takoÄer ocrtava neke od izvornih nacrta sustava GNU. Do trenutka kada je
+zapoÄet Linux, GNU je veÄ bio gotovo dovrÅ¡en.</p>
+
+<p>
+Cilj veÄine projekata slobodnog softvera je razvoj nekog odreÄenog programa
+za odreÄen posao. Na primjer, Linus Torvalds je krenuo pisati jezgru nalik
+Unixu (Linux); Donald Knuth je krenuo pisati oblikovatelj teksta (TeX); Bob
+Scheifler je krenuo razvijati sustav prozora (X Window System). Prirodno je
+mjeriti doprinos projekata ovakve vrste odreÄenim programima koji su iz
+projekta proizišli.</p>
+
+<p>
+Å to bismo zakljuÄili ako bismo pokuÅ¡ali na ovaj naÄin mjeriti doprinos
+Projekta GNU? Jedan isporuÄitelj CD-ROM-ova utvrdio je da je u njihovoj
+“distribuciji Linuxa” <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">softver GNU</a> imao najveÄi
+pojedinaÄni udio, oko 28% ukupnog izvornog koda, a ovo je ukljuÄivalo neke
+od osnovnih glavnih sastavnih dijelova bez kojih sustava ne bi bilo. Sam
+Linux Äinio je oko 3%. (Omjeri 2008. godine su sliÄni: u
+“glavnom” skladiÅ¡tu gNewSensea Linux je Äinio 1.5% a paketi GNU
+15%.) Dakle, ako krenemo birati naziv sustava na temelju toga tko je napisao
+programe u sustavu, najprikladniji izbor bio bi “GNU”.</p>
+
+<p>
+MeÄutim, to nije i najdublji naÄin razmatranja tog pitanja. Projekt GNU nije
+bio niti je projekt razvoja odreÄenih softverskih paketa. To nije bio
+projekt <a href="/software/gcc/"> razvoja prevodioca za jezik C</a>, premda
+smo to uÄinili. To nije bio niti projekt razvoja programa za obradu teksta,
+premda smo i njega razvili. Projekt GNU krenuo je razvijati <em>potpun
+slobodan sustav nalik Unixu</em>: GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Mnogo ljudi znaÄajno je pridonijelo slobodnom softveru u sustavu i svi oni
+zaslužuju priznanje za svoj softver.MeÄutim, razlog zbog kojeg je to
+<em>integrirani sustav</em>—a ne samo zbirka korisnih
+programa—je taj Å¡to je Projekt GNU postavio sebi za cilj da ga napravi
+takvim. Napravili smo popis programa potrebnih za <em>potpun</em> slobodan
+sustav te smo sustavno pronaÅ¡li, napisali ili pronaÅ¡li ljude koji Äe
+napisati sve što se nalazi na popisu. Napisali smo suštinske ali
+neuzbudljive <a href="#unexciting">(1)</a> komponente jer bez njih nije
+moguÄe imati sustav. Neke od naÅ¡ih komponenata sustava, programski alati,
+postali su i samostalno popularni meÄu programerima, ali napisali smo i
+mnogo komponenata koje nisu alati <a href="#nottools">(2)</a>. Äak smo
+razvili i igru Å¡aha, GNU Chess, jer potpun sustav treba i igre.</p>
+
+<p>
+Do ranih devedesetih sastavili smo cijeli sustav osim jezgre. ZapoÄeli smo i
+rad na jezgri, <a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>, koju pokreÄe
+Mach. Razvoj te jezgre bio je mnogo teži nego Å¡to smo oÄekivali; <a
+href="/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html">GNU Hurd postao
+je stabilan 2001. godine</a>, ali još je daleko od toga da bude spreman za
+opÄu upotrebu.</p>
+
+<p>
+SreÄom, zbog Linuxa nismo morali Äekati da Hurd bude dovrÅ¡en. Jednom kada je
+Torvalds 1992. godine uÄinio Linux slobodnim, popunio je zadnju veliku
+prazninu u sustavu GNU. Ljudi su tada mogli <a
+href="http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01";>
+udružiti Linux sa sustavom GNU</a> kako bi napravili potpun slobodan sustav
+— inaÄicu sustava GNU koja je sadržavala i Linux, drugim rijeÄima,
+sustav GNU/Linux.</p>
+
+<p>
+PostiÄi da zajedno rade nije bio jednostavan posao. Nekim komponentama
+GNU-a<a href="#somecomponents">(3)</a> bila je potrebna znaÄajna izmjena
+kako bi radile s Linuxom. Integriranje cijelog sustava kao distribucije koja
+Äe raditi odmah nakon instalacije bio je takoÄer velik posao. To je
+zahtijevalo rjeÅ¡avanje naÄina instaliranja i pokretanja
+sustava—problem kojim se nismo bavili jer joÅ¡ nismo bili doÅ¡li do
+njega. Dakle, ljudi koji su razvijali razne distribucije sustava napravili
+su mnogo neophodnog posla. No bio je to posao koji je, po prirodi stvari,
+netko svakako morao napraviti.</p>
+
+<p>
+Projekt GNU podupire GNU/Linux sustave jednako kao i <em>sam</em> GNU
+sustav. <a href="http://fsf.org/";>FSF</a> je financirao ponovno pisanje
+dodataka biblioteke GNU C vezanih uz Linux, tako da su oni sada dobro
+integrirani, a najnoviji sustavi GNU/Linux koriste trenutna izdanja
+biblioteke bez izmjena. FSF je takoÄer financirao rani stadij razvoja Debian
+GNU/Linuxa.</p>
+
+<p>
+Danas postoji mnogo razliÄitih varijanti sustava GNU/Linux (Äesto zvanima
+“distre”). VeÄina njih ukljuÄuje neslobodan
+softver—njihovi razvijatelji slijede filozofiju povezanu s Linuxom
+više nego onu povezanu s GNU-om. No postoje i <a href="/distros/">potpuno
+slobodne GNU/Linux distre</a>. FSF podupire raÄunalne sadržaje dviju takvih
+distribucija, <a href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/";>Ututo</a> i <a
+href="http://gnewsense.org/";>gNewSense</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Stvaranje slobodne distribucije GNU/Linuxa nije samo stvar uklanjanja raznih
+neslobodnih programa. Danas uobiÄajena inaÄica Linuxa takoÄer sadrži
+neslobodne programe. Ovi programi su namijenjeni uÄitavanju u ulazno-izlazne
+jedinice za vrijeme pokretanja sustava, a ukljuÄene su, kao dugaÄki nizovi
+brojeva, u "izvorni kod" Linuxa. Stoga održavanje slobodnih distribucija
+GNU/Linuxa sada povlaÄi za sobom i održavanje <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux";> slobodne inaÄice
Linuxa</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Koristili ili ne GNU/Linux, molimo nemojte zbunjivati javnost nejasnom
+upotrebom naziva “Linux”. Linux je jezgra, jedna od temeljnih
+glavnih komponenti sustava. Sustav kao cjelina je u osnovi sustav GNU kojem
+je dodan Linux. Kada govorite o toj kombinaciji, molimo zovite je
+“GNU/Linux”.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ukoliko želite napraviti poveznicu na “GNU/Linux” za daljnje
+povezivanje, ova stranica i <a href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> dobar su izbor. Ukoliko
+spominjete Linux, jezgru, i želite dodati poveznicu, <a
+href="http://foldoc.org/linux";>http://foldoc.org/linux</a> je dobra adresa.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dopuna: Uz GNU, još je jedan projekt neovisno proizveo slobodan operativni
+sustav nalik Unixu. Taj sustav poznat je kao BSD, a razvijen je na UC
+Berkeleyu. Osamdesetih godina bio je neslobodan, ali je u ranim devedesetima
+postao slobodan. Slobodni operativni sustavi koji danas postoje<a
+href="#newersystems">(4)</a> gotovo sigurno su ili inaÄica sustava GNU ili
+neka vrsta sustava BSD.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ponekad ljudi pitaju je li BSD takoÄer inaÄica GNU-a, kao
+GNU/Linux. Razvijatelje BSD-a je primjer Projekta GNU nadahnuo da svoj kod
+uÄine slobodnim softverom, a izriÄite molbe aktivista GNU-a pomogle su
+uvjeriti ih, ali sam kod ima malo dodirnih toÄaka s GNU-om. Sustavi BSD
+danas koriste neke programe GNU-a, baÅ¡ kao Å¡to sustav GNU i njegove inaÄice
+koriste neke programe BSD-a; ipak, u cjelini, to su dva razliÄita sustava
+koji su se razvijali odvojeno. Razvijatelji BSD-a nisu razvili jezgru i
+dodali je sustavu GNU pa ime kao Å¡to je GNU/BSD ne bi odgovaralo
+prilikama.<a href="#gnubsd">(5)</a></p>
+
+<h3>Napomene:</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>
+<a id="unexciting"></a>Ove neuzbudljive ali kljuÄne komponente ukljuÄuju GNU
+asembler, GAS i linker, GLD, (oba su sada dio <a
+href="/software/binutils/">GNU Binutils</a> paketa), <a
+href="/software/tar/">GNU tar</a>, i druge.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="nottools"></a>Na primjer, Bourne Again SHell (BASH), interpreter
+PostScripta <a href="/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html">Ghostscript</a>
+i <a href="/software/libc/libc.html">biblioteka GNU C</a> nisu programski
+alati. Nisu to ni GNUCash, GNOME, niti GNU Chess.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="somecomponents"></a>Na primjer, <a
+href="/software/libc/libc.html">biblioteka GNU C</a>.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="newersystems"></a>Nakon Å¡to je ovo napisano, razvijen je gotovo
+potpuno slobodan sustav nalik sustavu Windows, no on tehniÄki uopÄe nije
+sliÄan GNU-u ili Unixu, tako da zapravo ne utjeÄe na to pitanje. VeÄina
+jezgre Solarisa uÄinjena je slobodnom, ali ukoliko biste od toga željeli
+napraviti slobodan sustav, osim nadomjeÅ¡tanja nedostajuÄih dijelova jezgre,
+morali biste ga takoÄer smjestiti u GNU ili BSD.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="gnubsd"></a>S druge strane, u godinama nakon Å¡to je ovaj Älanak
+napisan, biblioteka GNU C prenesena je na viÅ¡e inaÄica jezgre BSD-a, Å¡to je
+omoguÄilo jednostavno udruživanje sustava GNU s tom jezgrom. Jednako kao i
+GNU/Linux, ovo su zaista inaÄice GNU-a i stoga se nazivaju, na primjer,
+GNU/kFreeBSD i GNU/kNetBSD, ovisno o jezgri sustava. ObiÄni korisnici na
+tipiÄnim stolnim raÄunalima teÅ¡ko mogu razlikovati GNU/Linux i
GNU/*BSD.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.hr.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Molimo vas, opÄenite upite o FSF & GNU Å¡aljite na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Postoje i <a
+href="/contact/">drugi naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a. Prekinute poveznice i
+ostale ispravke ili prijedloge možete poslati na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe kako bismo pružili toÄne, visoko
+kvalitetne prijevode. MeÄutim, nismo osloboÄeni od nesavrÅ¡enosti. Molimo
+vas, Å¡aljite svoje komentare i opÄenite prijedloge u tom smislu na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Za informacije o koordiniranju i dostavljanju prijevoda naših mrežnih
+stranica, pogledajte <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">PROÄITAJME za
+prijevode</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard
+M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Ovo djelo dano je na korištenje pod <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.hr";>licencom
+Creative Commons Imenovanje-Bez prerada 3.0 SAD</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.hr.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>Prijevod</b>: Nevenko BariÄeviÄ, 2013.</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Vrijeme zadnje izmjene:
+
+$Date: 2013/06/28 18:59:18 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/why-gnu-linux.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/why-gnu-linux.hr.html
diff -N gnu/why-gnu-linux.hr.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/why-gnu-linux.hr.html 28 Jun 2013 18:59:19 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.en.html" -->
+
+<title>Zašto GNU/Linux? - Projekt GNU - Zaklada za slobodan softver</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
+<h2>Å to znaÄi ime?<sup><a href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup></h2>
+
+<p><strong>napisao <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>Da biste saznali viÅ¡e o ovom pitanju, možete proÄitati
naša <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">ÄPP o GNU/Linuxu</a>, naÅ¡u stranicu <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux i Projekt GNU</a>, koja prikazuje
+povijest sustava GNU/Linux u odnosu na ovo pitanje oko naziva, i našu
+stranicu <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">Korisnici GNU-a
+koji nisu nikada Äuli za GNU</a>.
+
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Imena prenose znaÄenja; naÅ¡ izbor imena odreÄuje znaÄenje onoga Å¡to
želimo
+kazati. Neprikladno ime dovodi ljude u zabludu. Ono što nazivamo ružom,
+slatko bi mirisalo i s drugim imenom<sup><a
+href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>—ali nazovemo li je olovkom, ljudi Äe
+biti priliÄno razoÄarani kada njome pokuÅ¡aju neÅ¡to napisati. Isto tako, ako
+olovke nazivate “ružama”, ljudi možda neÄe shvatiti njihovu
+svrhu. Nazivate li naš operacijski sustav Linuxom, to dovodi do zablude o
+porijeklu sustava, njegovoj povijesti i namjeni. Nazovete li ga <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, to izražava (iako ne u
+potpunosti) toÄan smisao.</p>
+<p>
+Je li to doista važno za našu zajednicu? Je li važno znaju li ljudi
+porijeklo sustava, njegovu povijest i namjenu? Jest—jer su ljudi koji
+zaboravljaju proÅ¡lost Äesto osuÄeni ponoviti je. Nema jamstva da Äe
slobodan
+svijet koji se razvio oko <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuxa</a>
+opstati; problemi koji su nas naveli da razvijemo GNU nisu u potpunosti
+iskorijenjeni i prijete povratkom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Kada objašnjavam zašto je prikladnije da se operacijski sustav zove
+GNU/Linux od toga da se zove Linux, ljudi ponekad uzvraÄaju na sljedeÄi
+naÄin:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>Iako Projekt GNU zaslužuje priznanje za ovo djelo, je li doista vrijedno
+dizati toliku buku kada mu ljudi ne odaju to priznanje? Nije li stvar koja
+je važna ta što je djelo napravljeno, a ne tko ga je napravio? Trebali bi se
+opustiti, ponositi se dobro obavljenim poslom i ne brinuti o priznanju.</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+Bio bi to mudar savjet, kad bi stanje barem bilo takvo—kad bi posao
+bio gotov i kad bi bilo vrijeme za opuštanje. Kad bi to barem bila istina!
+No izazova je napretek i ovo nije vrijeme da se buduÄnost uzme zdravo za
+gotovo. Snaga naÅ¡e zajednice poÄiva na predanosti slobodi i
+suradnji. Korištenje imena <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+naÄin je na koji ljudi mogu podsjetiti sebe i uputiti druge u te ciljeve.</p>
+
+<p>
+MoguÄe je napisati dobar slobodan softver i bez razmiÅ¡ljanja o GNU-u; mnogo
+je dobrog posla uÄinjeno i u ime Linuxa. No izraz “Linux” veže
+se, još od kada je prvi put iskovan, uz filozofiju koja ne zahtijeva
+predanost slobodi da bi se suraÄivalo. BuduÄi da to ime sve ÄeÅ¡Äe koriste
+tvrtke, bit Äe nam joÅ¡ teže povezati ga s duhom zajednice.</p>
+
+<p>
+Veliki izazov buduÄnosti slobodnog softvera dolazi od sklonosti tvrtki koje
+distribuiraju “Linux” da dodaju neslobodan softver <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuxu</a> uime udobnosti i
+produktivnosti. Svi glavni razvijatelji komercijalnih distribucija to Äine;
+niti jedan se ne ograniÄava na slobodan softver. VeÄina ih ne oznaÄava jasno
+neslobodne pakete u svojim distribucijama. Mnogi Äak i razvijaju neslobodan
+softver i dodaju ga sustavu. Neki besramno oglašavaju sustave Linuxa koji su
+“licencirani prema broju korisnika”, koji korisnicima daju isto
+toliko slobode koliko i Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dodavanje neslobodnog softvera pokuÅ¡ava se opravdati kao naÄin poveÄanja
+“popularnosti Linuxa”—ustvari, vrednujuÄi popularnost viÅ¡e
+nego slobodu. Ponekad se to otvoreno priznaje. Na primjer, Äasopis Wired
+kaže da Robert McMillan, urednik Äasopisa Linux, “misli da bi
+približavanje softveru otvorenog koda trebalo biti pokretano tehniÄkim, a ne
+politiÄkim odlukama.” Isto tako, izvrÅ¡ni direktor Caldere otvoreno
+potiÄe korisnike da odbace slobodu kao cilj i da umjesto toga rade na
+“popularnosti Linuxa”. <a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000920053929/http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html";>
+(http://web.archive.org/web/20000920053929/http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html)
+</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Dodavanje neslobodnog softvera sustavu<a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> može poveÄati popularnost, ako
+popularnost promatramo kao broj ljudi koji koriste neki od <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuxa</a> udružen s neslobodnim
+softverom. No istovremeno, to implicitno potiÄe zajednicu da prihvaÄa
+neslobodan softver kao nešto dobro, a zaboravlja na slobodu koja je
+cilj. Nije dobro voziti brže ako Äe vas to dovesti do slijetanja s ceste.</p>
+
+<p>
+Kada je taj neslobodan “dodatak” biblioteka ili programski alat,
+on može postati zamka za razvijatelje slobodnog softvera. Kada ljudi pišu
+slobodan softver koji ovisi o neslobodnom paketu, njihov softver ne može
+biti dio potpuno slobodnog sustava. Motif i QT u proÅ¡losti su na taj naÄin
+uhvatili u zamku velik broj slobodnog softvera, stvarajuÄi probleme za Äija
+su rjeÅ¡enja bile potrebne godine. Motif je ostao problematiÄan sve dok nije
+zastario te tako više nije bio korišten. Kasnije, Sunova neslobodna
+implementacija Jave imala je sliÄan uÄinak: <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">zamku Jave</a>, danas sreÄom veÄinom
+ispravljenu.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ako se naša zajednica nastavi kretati u tom smjeru, to bi moglo preusmjeriti
+buduÄnost <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuxa</a> u mozaik
+slobodnih i neslobodnih sastavnih dijelova. Za pet godina svakako Äemo joÅ¡
+uvijek imati puno slobodnog softvera; no ne budemo li oprezni, biti Äe
+gotovo neupotrebljiv bez neslobodnog softvera za kojeg Äe korisnici
+oÄekivati da pripada uz njega. Ako se to dogodi, naÅ¡a kampanja za slobodu
+doživjet Äe neuspjeh.</p>
+
+<p>
+Kada bi objavljivanje besplatnih alternativa bilo jednostavno pitanje
+programiranja, rjeÅ¡avanje buduÄih problema moglo bi postati jednostavnije
+kako bi se razvojni resursi naÅ¡e zajednice poveÄavali. No suoÄeni smo s
+preprekama koje prijete otežati to: zakonima koji zabranjuju slobodan
+softver. Kako se softverski patenti gomilaju, a zakoni kao Å¡to je <acronym
+title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> koriste se da bi
+zabranili razvoj slobodnog softvera za važne poslove kao što je gledanje
+DVD-a ili sluÅ¡anje RealAudio <i>streamova</i>, naÄi Äemo se u situaciji u
+kojoj nema jasnog naÄina borbe s patentiranim i tajnim formatima podataka
+osim <strong>odbacivanja neslobodnih programa koji ih koriste</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Odgovor na ove izazove zahtijevat Äe mnogo napora u razliÄitim
+smjerovima. No ono Å¡to nam je iznad svega potrebno, da bismo se suoÄili s
+bilo kojom vrstom izazova, je prisjetiti se slobode suraÄivanja kao
+cilja. Ne možemo oÄekivati da Äe ljude na poduzimanje velikih napora
+motivirati puka želja za moÄnim, pouzdanim softverom. Trebamo vrstu
+odluÄnosti kakvu ljudi posjeduju kada se bore za svoju slobodu i svoju
+zajednicu—odluÄnost da izdržimo godinama i ne predamo se.</p>
+
+<p>
+U naÅ¡oj zajednici, ovaj cilj i ova odluÄnost proizlaze uglavnom iz Projekta
+GNU. Mi smo ti koji govore o slobodi i zajednici kao o neÄemu uz Å¡to treba
+Ävrsto stati; organizacije koje govore o “Linuxu” obiÄno ne
+govore ovo. Äasopisi o “Linuxu” u pravilu su puni oglasa za
+neslobodan softver; tvrtke koje isporuÄuju “Linux” dodaju u
+sustav neslobodan softver; druge tvrtke “podržavaju Linux”
+razvijanjem neslobodnih aplikacija koje rade na GNU/Linuxu; korisniÄke grupe
+za “Linux” u pravilu pozivaju prodavaÄa da predstavi te
+aplikacije. Glavno mjesto na kojem ljudi u naÅ¡oj zajednici mogu naiÄi na
+ideju slobode i odluÄnosti je Projekt GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+No kada ljudi naiÄu na nju, hoÄe li im se uÄiniti da se ona odnosi na
njih?</p>
+
+<p>
+Ljudi koji znaju da je sustav kojeg koriste proizišao iz Projekta GNU vide
+izravnu vezu izmeÄu sebe i GNU-a. NeÄe se automatski složiti s naÅ¡om
+filozofijom, ali barem Äe vidjeti razlog da ozbiljno o njoj
+promisle. Suprotno tome, ljudi koji sebe smatraju “korisnicima
+Linuxa”, i vjeruju da je Projekt GNU “razvio alate koji su se
+pokazali korisnima pod Linuxom”, u pravilu primjeÄuju samo neizravnu
+vezu izmeÄu GNU-a i sebe. Mogli bi jednostavno ignorirati filozofiju GNU-a
+kada na nju naiÄu.</p>
+
+<p>
+Projekt GNU je idealistiÄan, a svatko tko danas potiÄe idealizam suoÄava se
+s velikom preprekom: prevladavajuÄa ideologija potiÄe ljude da odbace
+idealizam kao “nepraktiÄan”. NaÅ¡ idealizam je krajnje praktiÄan:
+on je razlog zbog kojeg imamo slobodan operacijski sustav <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>. Ljudi koji vole ovaj sustav
+trebaju znati da je on naš ostvareni idealizam.</p>
+
+<p>
+Kada bi “posao” zaista bio zavrÅ¡en, kada niÅ¡ta osim priznanja ne
+bi bilo upitno, možda bi bilo mudrije ne brinuti se o tome. No nismo u
+takvom položaju. Kako bismo nadahnuli ljude da odrade posao koji treba
+napraviti, trebamo priznanje za ono Å¡to smo veÄ uÄinili. Molimo vas,
+pomozite nam tako Å¡to Äete operacijski sustav zvati <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ <h3>Bilješke prevoditelja</h3><ol><li id="TransNote1">Aluzija na stih iz
+drame Williama Shakespearea Romeo i Julija: “What's in a name? That
+which we call a rose By any other name would smell as
+sweet.”</li></ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.hr.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Molimo vas, opÄenite upite o FSF & GNU Å¡aljite na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Postoje i <a
+href="/contact/">drugi naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a. Prekinute poveznice i
+ostale ispravke ili prijedloge možete poslati na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe kako bismo pružili toÄne, visoko
+kvalitetne prijevode. MeÄutim, nismo osloboÄeni od nesavrÅ¡enosti. Molimo
+vas, Å¡aljite svoje komentare i opÄenite prijedloge u tom smislu na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Za informacije o koordiniranju i dostavljanju prijevoda naših mrežnih
+stranica, pogledajte <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">PROÄITAJME za
+prijevode</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Ovo djelo dano je na korištenje pod <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.hr";>licencom
+Creative Commons Imenovanje-Bez prerada 3.0 SAD</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.hr.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>Prijevod</b>: Nevenko BariÄeviÄ, 2013.</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Vrijeme zadnje izmjene:
+
+$Date: 2013/06/28 18:59:19 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.hr-en.html 28 Jun 2013 18:59:19 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Linux and GNU
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
+<link rel="alternate" title="What's New"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Linux and the GNU System</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>For more information see also
+the <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>,
+and <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a></p>
+ </blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Many computer users run a modified version of
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">the GNU system</a>
+every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events,
+the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called
+“Linux”, and many of its users
+are <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html"> not aware</a>
+that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the
+<a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU Project</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just
+a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in
+the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other
+programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an
+operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the
+context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in
+combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is
+basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called
+“Linux” distributions are really distributions of
+GNU/Linux.</p>
+
+<p>
+Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which
+is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call
+“Linux”. The ambiguous use of the name doesn't help
+people understand. These users often think that Linus Torvalds
+developed the whole operating system in 1991, with a bit of help.</p>
+
+<p>
+Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. But since they
+have generally heard the whole system called “Linux” as well, they
+often envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system
+after the kernel. For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds
+finished writing Linux, the kernel, its users looked around for other
+free software to go with it, and found that (for no particular reason)
+most everything necessary to make a Unix-like system was already
+available.</p>
+
+<p>
+What they found was no accident—it was the not-quite-complete GNU
+system. The available <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> added up to a complete system because the GNU Project
+had been working since 1984 to make one. In
+the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html"> The GNU Manifesto</a> we set forth
+the goal of developing a free Unix-like
+system, called GNU. The <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">
+Initial Announcement</a> of the GNU Project also outlines some of the
+original plans for the GNU system. By the time Linux was started, GNU
+was almost finished.</p>
+
+<p>
+Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular
+program for a particular job. For example, Linus Torvalds set out to
+write a Unix-like kernel (Linux); Donald Knuth set out to write a text
+formatter (TeX); Bob Scheifler set out to develop a window system (the
+X Window System). It's natural to measure the contribution of this
+kind of project by specific programs that came from the project.</p>
+
+<p>
+If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way,
+what would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their “Linux
+distribution”, <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">GNU
+software</a> was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the
+total source code, and this included some of the essential major
+components without which there could be no system. Linux itself was
+about 3%. (The proportions in 2008 are similar: in the “main”
+repository of gNewSense, Linux is 1.5% and GNU packages are 15%.)
+So if you were going to pick a name for the system based on
+who wrote the programs in the system, the most appropriate single
+choice would be “GNU”.</p>
+
+<p>
+But that is not the deepest way to consider the question. The GNU
+Project was not, is not, a project to develop specific software
+packages. It was not a project <a href="/software/gcc/"> to
+develop a C compiler</a>, although we did that. It was not a project
+to develop a text editor, although we developed one. The GNU Project
+set out to develop <em>a complete free Unix-like system</em>: GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Many people have made major contributions to the free software in the
+system, and they all deserve credit for their software. But the
+reason it is <em>an integrated system</em>—and not just a
+collection of useful programs—is because the GNU Project set out
+to make it one. We made a list of the programs needed to make
+a <em>complete</em> free system, and we systematically found, wrote,
+or found people to write everything on the list. We wrote essential
+but unexciting
+<a href="#unexciting">(1)</a> components because you can't have a system
+without them. Some of our system components, the programming tools,
+became popular on their own among programmers, but we wrote many
+components that are not tools <a href="#nottools">(2)</a>. We even
+developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a complete system needs
+games too.</p>
+
+<p>
+By the early 90s we had put together the whole system aside from the
+kernel. We had also started a kernel, the
+<a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>, which runs on top of
+Mach. Developing this kernel has been a lot harder than we expected;
+<a href="/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html">the
+GNU Hurd started working reliably in 2001</a>, but it is a long way
+from being ready for people to use in general.</p>
+
+<p>
+Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.
+Once Torvalds freed Linux in 1992, it fit into the last major gap in
+the GNU system. People could
+then <a
href="http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01";>
+combine Linux with the GNU system</a> to make a complete free system
+— a version of the GNU system which also contained Linux. The
+GNU/Linux system, in other words.</p>
+
+<p>
+Making them work well together was not a trivial job. Some GNU
+components<a href="#somecomponents">(3)</a> needed substantial change
+to work with Linux. Integrating a complete system as a distribution
+that would work “out of the box” was a big job, too. It
+required addressing the issue of how to install and boot the
+system—a problem we had not tackled, because we hadn't yet
+reached that point. Thus, the people who developed the various system
+distributions did a lot of essential work. But it was work that, in
+the nature of things, was surely going to be done by someone.</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU Project supports GNU/Linux systems as well as <em>the</em> GNU
+system. The <a href="http://fsf.org/";>FSF</a> funded the rewriting of
+the Linux-related extensions to the GNU C library, so that now they
+are well integrated, and the newest GNU/Linux systems use the current
+library release with no changes. The FSF also funded an early stage
+of the development of Debian GNU/Linux.</p>
+
+<p>
+Today there are many different variants of the GNU/Linux system (often
+called “distros”). Most of them include non-free
+software—their developers follow the philosophy associated with
+Linux rather than that of GNU. But there are also
+<a href="/distros/">completely free GNU/Linux distros</a>. The FSF
+supports computer facilities for two of these
+distributions, <a href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/";>Ututo</a>
+and <a href="http://gnewsense.org/";>gNewSense</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of
+eliminating various non-free programs. Nowadays, the usual version of
+Linux contains non-free programs too. These programs are intended to
+be loaded into I/O devices when the system starts, and they are
+included, as long series of numbers, in the "source code" of Linux.
+Thus, maintaining free GNU/Linux distributions now entails maintaining
+a <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux";> free version of
+Linux</a> too.</p>
+
+<p>Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public
+by using the name “Linux” ambiguously. Linux is the
+kernel, one of the essential major components of the system. The
+system as a whole is basically the GNU system, with Linux added. When
+you're talking about this combination, please call it
+“GNU/Linux”.</p>
+
+<p>
+If you want to make a link on “GNU/Linux” for further
+reference, this page and <a href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices. If
+you mention Linux, the kernel, and want to add a link for further
+reference, <a href="http://foldoc.org/linux";>http://foldoc.org/linux</a>
+is a good URL to use.</p>
+
+<p>
+Addendum: Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced
+a free Unix-like operating system. This system is known as BSD, and
+it was developed at UC Berkeley. It was non-free in the 80s, but
+became free in the early 90s. A free operating system that exists
+today<a href="#newersystems">(4)</a> is almost certainly either a
+variant of the GNU system, or a kind of BSD system.</p>
+
+<p>
+People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a version of GNU, like
+GNU/Linux. The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free
+software by the example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from
+GNU activists helped persuade them, but the code had little overlap
+with GNU. BSD systems today use some GNU programs, just as the GNU
+system and its variants use some BSD programs; however, taken as
+wholes, they are two different systems that evolved separately. The
+BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to the GNU system,
+and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.<a
+href="#gnubsd">(5)</a></p>
+
+<h3>Notes:</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>
+<a id="unexciting"></a>These unexciting but essential components
+include the GNU assembler, GAS and the linker, GLD, both
+are now part of the <a href="/software/binutils/">GNU Binutils</a>
+package, <a href="/software/tar/">GNU tar</a>, and more.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="nottools"></a>For instance, The Bourne Again SHell (BASH),
+the PostScript interpreter
+<a href="/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html">Ghostscript</a>, and the
+<a href="/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C library</a> are not
+programming tools. Neither are GNUCash, GNOME, and GNU Chess.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="somecomponents"></a>For instance, the
+<a href="/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C library</a>.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="newersystems"></a>Since that was written, a nearly-all-free
+Windows-like system has been developed, but technically it is not at
+all like GNU or Unix, so it doesn't really affect this issue. Most of
+the kernel of Solaris has been made free, but if you wanted to make a
+free system out of that, aside from replacing the missing parts of the
+kernel, you would also need to put it into GNU or BSD.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="gnubsd"></a>On the other hand, in the years since this article
+was written, the GNU C Library has been ported to several versions of
+the BSD kernel, which made it straightforward to combine the GNU system
+with that kernel. Just as with GNU/Linux, these are indeed variants of
+GNU, and are therefore called, for instance, GNU/kFreeBSD and
+GNU/kNetBSD depending on the kernel of the system. Ordinary users on
+typical desktops can hardly distinguish between GNU/Linux and
+GNU/*BSD.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+2007 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/06/28 18:59:19 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.hr-en.html 28 Jun 2013 18:59:19 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Why GNU/Linux?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>What's in a Name?</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU Project</a>, which gives a
history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates to this issue of naming,
+and our page on <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU
+Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.
+
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of
+what we say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A
+rose by any other name would smell as sweet—but if you call it a pen,
+people will be rather disappointed when they try to write with it.
+And if you call pens “roses”, people may not realize what
+they are good for. If you call our operating system
+Linux, that conveys a mistaken idea of the system's
+origin, history, and purpose. If you call
+it <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, that conveys
+(though not in detail) an accurate idea.</p>
+<p>
+Does this really matter for our community? Is it important whether people
+know the system's origin, history, and purpose? Yes—because people
+who forget history are often condemned to repeat it. The Free World
+that has developed around <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is not guaranteed to survive; the problems that
+led us to develop GNU are not completely eradicated, and they threaten
+to come back.</p>
+
+<p>
+When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system
+GNU/Linux rather than Linux, people
+sometimes respond this way:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>
+ Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is
+ it really worth a fuss when people don't give credit? Isn't the
+ important thing that the job was done, not who did it? You
+ ought to relax, take pride in the job well done, and not worry
+ about the credit.
+</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that—if
+the job were done and it were time to relax. If only that were true!
+But challenges abound, and this is no time to take the future for
+granted. Our community's strength rests on commitment to freedom and
+cooperation. Using the name <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is a way for people to remind
+themselves and inform others of these goals.</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to write good free software without thinking of GNU;
+much good work has been done in the name of Linux also. But the term
+“Linux” has been associated ever since it was first coined
+with a philosophy that does not make a commitment to the freedom to
+cooperate. As the name is increasingly used by business, we will
+have even more trouble making it connect with community spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the
+tendency of the “Linux” distribution companies to add
+nonfree software to <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+in the name of convenience and power. All the major commercial
+distribution developers do this; none limits itself to free software.
+Most of them do not clearly identify the nonfree
+packages in their distributions. Many even develop nonfree software
+and add it to the system. Some outrageously advertise
+“Linux” systems that are “licensed per seat”,
+which give the user as much freedom as Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+People try to justify adding nonfree software in the name of the
+“popularity of Linux”—in effect, valuing popularity above
+freedom. Sometimes this is openly admitted. For instance, Wired
+Magazine said that Robert McMillan, editor of Linux Magazine, “feels
+that the move toward open source software should be fueled by
+technical, rather than political, decisions.” And Caldera's
+<acronym title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</acronym> openly urged
+users to drop the goal of freedom and work instead for the
+“popularity of Linux”.
+
+<a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000920053929/http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html";>
+(http://web.archive.org/web/20000920053929/http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html)
+</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Adding nonfree software to the <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> system may increase the
+popularity, if by popularity we mean the number of people using some
+of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in combination with
+nonfree software. But at the same time, it implicitly encourages the
+community to accept nonfree software as a good thing, and forget the
+goal of freedom. It is not good to drive faster if you can't stay on the
+road.</p>
+
+<p>
+When the nonfree “add-on” is a library or programming
+tool, it can become a trap for free software developers. When they
+write free software that depends on the nonfree package, their
+software cannot be part of a completely free system. Motif and Qt
+trapped large amounts of free software in this way in the past,
+creating problems whose solutions took years. Motif remained somewhat
+of a problem until it became obsolete and was no longer used. Later,
+Sun's nonfree Java implementation had a similar effect:
+the <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</a>, fortunately now
+mostly corrected.</p>
+
+<p>
+If our community keeps moving in this direction, it could redirect the
+future of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> into a mosaic of
free and nonfree components.
+Five years from now, we will surely still have plenty of free
+software; but if we are not careful, it will hardly be usable without
+the nonfree software that users expect to find with it. If this
+happens, our campaign for freedom will have failed.</p>
+
+<p>
+If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming,
+solving future problems might become easier as our community's
+development resources increase. But we face obstacles that threaten
+to make this harder: laws that prohibit free software. As software
+patents mount up, and as laws like the
+<acronym title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> are
+used to prohibit the development of free software for important jobs
+such as viewing a DVD or listening to a RealAudio stream, we will find
+ourselves with no clear way to fight the patented and secret data
+formats except to <strong>reject the nonfree programs that use
+them</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Meeting these challenges will require many different kinds of effort.
+But what we need above all, to confront any kind of challenge, is to
+remember the goal of freedom to cooperate. We can't expect a mere
+desire for powerful, reliable software to motivate people to make
+great efforts. We need the kind of determination that people have
+when they fight for their freedom and their community—determination
+to keep on for years and not give up.</p>
+
+<p>
+In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from
+the GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community
+as something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of
+“Linux” normally don't say this. The magazines about
+“Linux” are typically full of ads for nonfree software;
+the companies that package “Linux” add nonfree software
+to the system; other companies “support Linux” by
+developing nonfree applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups
+for “Linux” typically invite salesman to present those
+applications. The main place people in our community are likely to
+come across the idea of freedom and determination is in the GNU
+Project.</p>
+
+<p>
+But when people come across it, will they feel it relates to them?</p>
+
+<p>
+People who know they are using a system that came out of the GNU
+Project can see a direct relationship between themselves and GNU.
+They won't automatically agree with our philosophy, but at least they
+will see a reason to think seriously about it. In contrast, people
+who consider themselves “Linux users”, and believe that
+the GNU Project “developed tools which proved to be useful in
+Linux”, typically perceive only an indirect relationship between
+GNU and themselves. They may just ignore the GNU philosophy when they
+come across it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU Project is idealistic, and anyone encouraging idealism today
+faces a great obstacle: the prevailing ideology encourages people to
+dismiss idealism as “impractical”. Our idealism has been
+extremely practical: it is the reason we have a
+free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> operating system.
+People who love this system ought to know that it is our idealism made
+real.</p>
+
+<p>
+If “the job” really were done, if there were nothing at
+stake except credit, perhaps it would be wiser to let the matter drop.
+But we are not in that position. To inspire people to do the work
+that needs to be done, we need to be recognized for what we have
+already done. Please help us, by calling the operating
+system <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/06/28 18:59:19 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.html
diff -N philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr.html 28 Jun 2013 18:59:20 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.57 -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.en.html"
-->
+
+<title>Opasnosti e-knjiga - Projekt GNU - Zaklada za slobodan softver</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
+<h2>Opasnosti e-knjiga</h2>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 110%;text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;
width: 300px; float: right; margin: 12px; background-color: #a0f112; color:
#353831; padding: 1em;"><a
href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Pridružite se našoj listi
+koja se bavi opasnostima e-knjiga</a>.</div>
+
+<p>U ovo doba, kad kompanije imaju veliki utjecaj na vlade i donošenje zakona,
+svaki novi oblik tehnološkog napretka pruža priliku kompanijama da nametnu
+puÄanstvu joÅ¡ viÅ¡e ograniÄenja. Tehnologije koje bi nas mogle osnažiti,
+koriste se da bi nas sputale. </p>
+
+<p>Tiskane knjige:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Možete anonimno kupiti.</li>
+<li>Time postajete vlasnik istih.</li>
+<li>Ne morate potpisati dozvolu kojom vam se ograniÄava koriÅ¡tenje
knjige.</li>
+<li>Format knjige je opÄe poznat i da bi se knjiga proÄitala nije potrebno
+posjedovati neku posebnu tehnologiju koja je u privatnom vlasništvu
tvrtke.</li>
+<li>Knjigu možete pokloniti, posuditi ili prodati.</li>
+<li>Ponekad je po copyrightu dopušteno skeniranje i kopiranje knjige.</li>
+<li>Nitko nema prava uništiti vašu knjigu.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Usporedba sa Amazonovim e-knjigama (koje su priliÄno tipiÄan sluÄaj):
</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Amazon zahtijeva da se korisnik indentificira kako bi mogao nabaviti
+e-knjigu.</li>
+<li>U nekim zemljama, ukljuÄujuÄi Sjedinjene AmeriÄke Države, Amazon
zahtjeva da
+korisnik nema vlasniÄka prava nad e-knjigom koju je kupio.</li>
+<li>Amazon zahtijeva da korisnik prihvati licencu koja ograniÄava prava pri
+korištenju e-knjige.</li>
+<li>Format e-knjige je tajan i samo ga vlasniÄki, ograniÄavajuÄi softver,
može
+proÄitati.</li>
+<li>DopuÅ¡teno je "nazovi posuÄivanje" nekih e-knjiga na odreÄeno vrijeme,
ali
+samo registriranom i imenovanom korisniku istog sustava. Nema darivanja niti
+prodaje.</li>
+<li>Kopiranje e-knjige je onemoguÄeno zbog <a
+href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">Digitalog upravljanja restrikcijama
+(DRM)</a> ugraÄenog u ÄitaÄ e-knjiga a osim toga je zabranjeno licencom,
+koja ima viÅ¡e ograniÄenja i od zakona o vlasniÄkim pravima.</li>
+<li>Amazon može obrisati e-knjigu putem skrivenog daljinskog pristupa
ureÄaju za
+Äitanje. To je iskoriÅ¡teno 2009. g. da bi se obrisale tisuÄe kopija knjige
+1984. Georgea Orwella.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Äak i samo jedna od nabrojanih povreda prava Äini takve e-knjige korakom
+unatrag od tiskanih knjiga. Moramo odbaciti takve e-knjige, sve dok
+kompanije ne poÄnu poÅ¡tivati naÅ¡u slobodu.</p>
+
+<p>Kompanije koje prodaju takve e-knjige kažu da je ograniÄavanje naÅ¡e
slobode
+neophodno da bi se autori knjiga mogli isplaÄivati. U stvari, trenutni zakon
+o autorskim pravima jako pogoduje kompanijama a slabo autorima. Autore
+možemo bolje podržati na druge naÄine, koji ne ograniÄavaju naÅ¡u slobodu i
+koji Äak legaliziraju dijeljenje. Predložio sam dva naÄina:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>RasporeÄivanje sredstava prikupljenih porezom, direktno autorima i to na
+osnovu popularnosti autora. Pogledajte <a
+href="http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html";>
+stallman.org - licenca za dijeljenje putem interneta</a>.</li>
+<li>Izrada ÄitaÄa e-knjiga na naÄin da se pomoÄu njih mogu autorima
anonimno
+slati donacije.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>E-knjige ne moraju narušavati našu slobodu (recimo, poput e-knjiga
projekta
+Gutenberg), ali to Äe se dogoditi ako o tome budu odluÄivale kompanije. Na
+nama je da ih u tome sprijeÄimo.</p>
+
+<p>Pridružite se borbi: prijavite se na <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html";>
+http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.hr.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Molim vas Å¡aljite opÄenite FSF & GNU upite na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Postoje isto i <a
+href="/contact/">drugi naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a.<br />
+Prekinute poveznice i drugi ispravci ili prijedlozi mogu biti poslani na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe kako bismo pružili toÄne, visoko
+kvalitetne prijevode. MeÄutim, nismo osloboÄeni od nesavrÅ¡enosti. Molimo
+vas, Å¡aljite svoje komentare i opÄenite prijedloge u tom smislu na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Za informacije o koordiniranju i dostavljanju prijevoda naših mrežnih
+stranica, pogledajte <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">PROÄITAJME za
+prijevode</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Ovo djelo dano je na korištenje pod <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.hr";>Creative
+Commons Imenovanje-Bez prerada 3.0 SAD Licencom</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.hr.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ Prijevod: JK, 2013.</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Vrijeme zadnje izmjene:
+
+$Date: 2013/06/28 18:59:20 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.hr-en.html 28 Jun 2013 18:59:20
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.57 -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>The Danger of E-Books
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>The Danger of E-Books</h2>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 110%;text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;
width: 300px; float: right; margin: 12px; background-color: #a0f112; color:
#353831; padding: 1em;"><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join
our mailing list about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</div>
+
+<p>In an age where business dominates our governments and writes our laws,
+every technological advance offers business an opportunity to impose new
+restrictions on the public. Technologies that could have empowered us are
+used to chain us instead.</p>
+
+<p>With printed books,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>You can buy one with cash, anonymously.</li>
+<li>Then you own it.</li>
+<li>You are not required to sign a license that restricts your use of it.</li>
+<li>The format is known, and no proprietary technology is needed to read the
+book.</li>
+<li>You can give, lend or sell the book to another.</li>
+<li>You can, physically, scan and copy the book, and it's sometimes lawful
+under copyright.</li>
+<li>Nobody has the power to destroy your book.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Contrast that with Amazon e-books (fairly typical):</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Amazon requires users to identify themselves to get an e-book.</li>
+<li>In some countries, including the US, Amazon says the user cannot
+own the e-book.</li>
+<li>Amazon requires the user to accept a restrictive license on use of the
+e-book.</li>
+<li>The format is secret, and only proprietary user-restricting software can
+read it at all.</li>
+<li>An ersatz "lending" is allowed for some books, for a limited time, but
+only by specifying by name another user of the same system. No giving or
+selling.</li>
+<li>To copy the e-book is impossible due to
+<a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">Digital Restrictions Management</a>
+in the player and prohibited by the license, which is more restrictive than
+copyright law.</li>
+<li>Amazon can remotely delete the e-book using a back door. It used this
+back door in 2009 to delete thousands of copies of George Orwell's 1984.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Even one of these infringements makes e-books a step backward from
+printed books. We must reject e-books until they respect our freedom.</p>
+
+<p>The e-book companies say denying our traditional freedoms is
+necessary to continue to pay authors. The current copyright system
+supports those companies handsomely and most authors badly. We can
+support authors better in other ways that don't require curtailing our
+freedom, and even legalize sharing. Two methods I've suggested
+are:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>To distribute tax funds to authors based on the cube root of each
+author's popularity. See
+<a href="http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html";>
+http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html</a>.</li>
+<li>To design players so users can send authors anonymous voluntary
payments.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>E-books need not attack our freedom (Project Gutenberg's e-books don't),
+but they will if companies get to decide. It's up to us to stop them.</p>
+
+<p>Join the fight: sign up
+at <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html";>
+http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/06/28 18:59:20 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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