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www graphics/graphics.pl.html graphics/po/graph...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www graphics/graphics.pl.html graphics/po/graph... |
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Date: |
Tue, 02 Oct 2012 00:29:41 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 12/10/02 00:29:40
Modified files:
graphics : graphics.pl.html
graphics/po : graphics.pl-en.html
philosophy/po : copyright-and-globalization.fr.po
copyright-and-globalization.pot
copyright-and-globalization.ro.po
copyright-and-globalization.tr.po
copyright-versus-community-2000.fr.po
copyright-versus-community-2000.pot
google-engineering-talk.fr.po
google-engineering-talk.pot
moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.po
moglen-harvard-speech-2004.pot
ms-doj-tunney.fr.po ms-doj-tunney.pot
nit-india.fr.po nit-india.pot
patent-practice-panel.fr.po
patent-practice-panel.pot philosophy.ar.po
philosophy.bg.po philosophy.ca.po
philosophy.cs.po philosophy.de.po
philosophy.el.po philosophy.es.po
philosophy.fr.po philosophy.ja.po
philosophy.pl.po philosophy.pot
philosophy.pt-br.po philosophy.ro.po
philosophy.ru.po philosophy.sq.po
philosophy.sr.po philosophy.zh-cn-diff.html
philosophy.zh-cn.po
rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.po
rms-interview-edinburgh.pot
rms-on-radio-nz.fr.po rms-on-radio-nz.pot
software-patents.fr.po software-patents.pot
stallman-mec-india.fr.po stallman-mec-india.pot
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/graphics/graphics.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/graphics/po/graphics.pl-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.42&r2=1.43
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.bg.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.70&r2=1.71
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ca.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.65&r2=1.66
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.cs.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.de.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.51&r2=1.52
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.el.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.87&r2=1.88
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.81&r2=1.82
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ja.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.50&r2=1.51
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.57&r2=1.58
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.48&r2=1.49
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ro.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.sq.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.sr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.61&r2=1.62
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/software-patents.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/software-patents.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16
Patches:
Index: graphics/graphics.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/graphics/graphics.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- graphics/graphics.pl.html 16 Sep 2012 09:14:14 -0000 1.41
+++ graphics/graphics.pl.html 2 Oct 2012 00:29:35 -0000 1.42
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/graphics/graphics.en.html" -->
+
<title>Galeria Sztuki GNU - Projekt GNU - Fundacja Wolnego Oprogramowania
(FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
@@ -123,10 +125,11 @@
<p>DziÄkujemy Edward Alfert za zaprojektowanie ikonki strony (favicon)
oraz znaczków reklamowych na: <a
-href="http://graphics.rootmode.com/";>http://graphics.rootmode.com/</a>.</p>
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110513011151/http://graphics.rootmode.com/";>http://graphics.rootmode.com/
+(zarchiwizowane)</a>.</p>
<p>DziÄkujemy Anji Gerwinski za jej rysunki na: <a
-href="http://adele.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/";>http://adele.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/</a>.</p>
+href="http://www.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/";>http://www.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/</a>.</p>
<p>DziÄkujemy Arnuld Uttre za jego rysunki na: <a
href="http://lispmachine.wordpress.com/category/art/";>http://lispmachine.wordpress.com/category/art/</a>.</p>
@@ -187,7 +190,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2012/09/16 09:14:14 $
+$Date: 2012/10/02 00:29:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: graphics/po/graphics.pl-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/graphics/po/graphics.pl-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- graphics/po/graphics.pl-en.html 16 Sep 2012 09:18:16 -0000 1.11
+++ graphics/po/graphics.pl-en.html 2 Oct 2012 00:29:36 -0000 1.12
@@ -109,10 +109,11 @@
<h3>GNU Art on other sites</h3>
<p>Thanks to Edward Alfert for drawing the favicon and buttons at: <a
-href="http://graphics.rootmode.com/";>http://graphics.rootmode.com/</a></p>
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110513011151/http://graphics.rootmode.com/";>
+http://graphics.rootmode.com/ (archived)</a></p>
<p>Thanks to Anja Gerwinski for her images at: <a href=
-"http://adele.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/";>http://adele.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/</a>.</p>
+"http://www.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/";>http://www.gerwinski.de/~anja/gnuart/</a>.</p>
<p>Thanks to Arnuld Uttre for his images at: <a href=
"http://lispmachine.wordpress.com/category/art/";>http://lispmachine.wordpress.com/category/art/</a>.</p>
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/16 09:18:16 $
+$Date: 2012/10/02 00:29:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po 23 Sep 2012 12:18:48
-0000 1.35
+++ philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:36
-0000 1.36
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 07:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-20 09:54+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -513,6 +514,38 @@
"pays."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public
+# | to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't exercise.
+# | Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if you have
+# | been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you were in the
+# | habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you discover a use for
+# | it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you do? You don't trade
+# | at all; you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to
+# | do. [-That's what the public does whenever it's given a chance to voice
+# | its preference; it keeps some of this freedom and exercises it. Napster
+# | is a big example of that, the public deciding to exercise the freedom to
+# | copy instead of giving it up. So the natural thing for us to do to make
+# | copyright law fit today's circumstances is to reduce the amount of
+# | copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce the amount of
+# | restriction that they place on the public and to increase the freedom that
+# | the public retains.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public "
+#| "to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't "
+#| "exercise. Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if "
+#| "you have been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you "
+#| "were in the habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you "
+#| "discover a use for it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you "
+#| "do? You don't trade at all; you keep some. And that's what the public "
+#| "would naturally want to do. That's what the public does whenever it's "
+#| "given a chance to voice its preference; it keeps some of this freedom and "
+#| "exercises it. Napster is a big example of that, the public deciding to "
+#| "exercise the freedom to copy instead of giving it up. So the natural "
+#| "thing for us to do to make copyright law fit today's circumstances is to "
+#| "reduce the amount of copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce "
+#| "the amount of restriction that they place on the public and to increase "
+#| "the freedom that the public retains."
msgid ""
"And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public to "
"make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't exercise. "
@@ -520,7 +553,56 @@
"producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you were in the habit "
"of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you discover a use for it? You "
"can actually consume it, use it. What do you do? You don't trade at all; "
-"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do. "
+"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do."
+msgstr ""
+"On pouvait défendre la thèse que le copyright était un marché avantageux "
+"pour le public, qui abandonnait des libertés qu'il ne pouvait exercer. Il "
+"peut désormais les exercer. Que faire si l'on découvre soudainement une "
+"utilité à un sous-produit jusque là troqué faute de lui trouver un
intérêt ? "
+"On peut désormais le consommer, l'utiliser. Que faire ? On n'y renonce
plus, "
+"on en garde une partie. C'est l'impulsion naturelle. C'est pourquoi, Ã "
+"chaque occasion où il peut exprimer sa préférence, c'est ce que le public "
+"fait : il conserve une portion de cette liberté, et l'exerce. Napster en
est "
+"un exemple frappant : le public décide d'exercer sa liberté de copier au "
+"lieu de l'abandonner. La tendance naturelle, pour faire correspondre le "
+"droit du copyright aux circonstances actuelles, est de réduire le pouvoir "
+"des détenteurs de copyright, réduire les restrictions qu'ils imposent au "
+"public, et augmenter les libertés que le public conserve."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public
+# | to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't exercise.
+# | Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if you have
+# | been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you were in the
+# | habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you discover a use for
+# | it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you do? You don't trade
+# | at all; you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to
+# | do.-]That's what the public does whenever it's given a chance to voice its
+# | preference; it keeps some of this freedom and exercises it. Napster is a
+# | big example of that, the public deciding to exercise the freedom to copy
+# | instead of giving it up. So the natural thing for us to do to make
+# | copyright law fit today's circumstances is to reduce the amount of
+# | copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce the amount of
+# | restriction that they place on the public and to increase the freedom that
+# | the public retains.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public "
+#| "to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't "
+#| "exercise. Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if "
+#| "you have been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you "
+#| "were in the habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you "
+#| "discover a use for it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you "
+#| "do? You don't trade at all; you keep some. And that's what the public "
+#| "would naturally want to do. That's what the public does whenever it's "
+#| "given a chance to voice its preference; it keeps some of this freedom and "
+#| "exercises it. Napster is a big example of that, the public deciding to "
+#| "exercise the freedom to copy instead of giving it up. So the natural "
+#| "thing for us to do to make copyright law fit today's circumstances is to "
+#| "reduce the amount of copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce "
+#| "the amount of restriction that they place on the public and to increase "
+#| "the freedom that the public retains."
+msgid ""
"That's what the public does whenever it's given a chance to voice its "
"preference; it keeps some of this freedom and exercises it. Napster is a "
"big example of that, the public deciding to exercise the freedom to copy "
@@ -967,6 +1049,44 @@
"apporter en échange."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S. has
+# | sufficient power to force them to go against their interests. Actually,
+# | it's a mistake to speak of the interests of countries in this context. In
+# | fact, I'm sure that most of you have heard about the fallacy of trying to
+# | judge the public interest by adding up everybody's wealth. If working
+# | Americans lost $1 billion and Bill Gates gained $2 billion, would
+# | Americans generally be better off? Would this be good for America? Or if
+# | you look only at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this
+# | example really shows that the total is the wrong way to judge because Bill
+# | Gates really doesn't need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1
+# | billion by other people who don't have as much to start with might be
+# | painful. [-Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when
+# | you hear people talk about the interests of this country or that country,
+# | what they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's income.
+# | The rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's actually
+# | an excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on
+# | the distribution of wealth within the country and whether the treaty is
+# | going to make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S. "
+#| "has sufficient power to force them to go against their interests. "
+#| "Actually, it's a mistake to speak of the interests of countries in this "
+#| "context. In fact, I'm sure that most of you have heard about the fallacy "
+#| "of trying to judge the public interest by adding up everybody's wealth. "
+#| "If working Americans lost $1 billion and Bill Gates gained $2 billion, "
+#| "would Americans generally be better off? Would this be good for America? "
+#| "Or if you look only at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this "
+#| "example really shows that the total is the wrong way to judge because "
+#| "Bill Gates really doesn't need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 "
+#| "billion by other people who don't have as much to start with might be "
+#| "painful. Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when "
+#| "you hear people talk about the interests of this country or that country, "
+#| "what they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's "
+#| "income. The rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's "
+#| "actually an excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the "
+#| "effect on the distribution of wealth within the country and whether the "
+#| "treaty is going to make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S."
msgid ""
"The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S. has "
"sufficient power to force them to go against their interests. Actually, "
@@ -978,14 +1098,7 @@
"at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this example really shows "
"that the total is the wrong way to judge because Bill Gates really doesn't "
"need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 billion by other people who "
-"don't have as much to start with might be painful. Well, in a discussion "
-"about any of these trade treaties, when you hear people talk about the "
-"interests of this country or that country, what they're doing, within each "
-"country, is adding up everybody's income. The rich people and the poor "
-"people are being added up. So it's actually an excuse to apply that same "
-"fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the distribution of wealth within "
-"the country and whether the treaty is going to make that more uneven, as it "
-"has done in the U.S."
+"don't have as much to start with might be painful."
msgstr ""
"On pourrait de nos jours appliquer ce raisonnement aux pays en voie de "
"développement, s'ils n'étaient pas contraints par la puissance de ces
mêmes "
@@ -1013,6 +1126,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when you hear "
+"people talk about the interests of this country or that country, what "
+"they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's income. The "
+"rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's actually an "
+"excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the "
+"distribution of wealth within the country and whether the treaty is going to "
+"make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"So it's really not the U.S. interest that is being served by enforcing "
"copyright around the world. It's the interests of certain business owners, "
"many of whom are in the U.S. and some of whom are in other countries. It "
@@ -1024,6 +1148,36 @@
"trouvent dans d'autres pays. En aucun cas, cela ne sert l'intérêt public."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright
+# | stated, for instance in the U.S. Constitution, the goal of promoting
+# | progress, what would be intelligent policies to use in the age of the
+# | computer network? Clearly, instead of increasing copyright powers, we have
+# | to pull them back so as to give the general public a certain domain of
+# | freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology,
+# | make use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's
+# | an interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily
+# | abolish copyright totally. [-The idea of trading some freedoms for more
+# | progress might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if
+# | traditional copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think
+# | about this intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, there's
+# | no reason to make it totally uniform. There's no reason to insist on
+# | making the same deal for all kinds of work.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright "
+#| "stated, for instance in the U.S. Constitution, the goal of promoting "
+#| "progress, what would be intelligent policies to use in the age of the "
+#| "computer network? Clearly, instead of increasing copyright powers, we "
+#| "have to pull them back so as to give the general public a certain domain "
+#| "of freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, "
+#| "make use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's "
+#| "an interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily "
+#| "abolish copyright totally. The idea of trading some freedoms for more "
+#| "progress might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if "
+#| "traditional copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think "
+#| "about this intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, "
+#| "there's no reason to make it totally uniform. There's no reason to "
+#| "insist on making the same deal for all kinds of work."
msgid ""
"But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright "
"stated, for instance in the U.S. Constitution, the goal of promoting "
@@ -1033,12 +1187,7 @@
"freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, make "
"use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's an "
"interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily abolish "
-"copyright totally. The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress "
-"might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional "
-"copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think about this "
-"intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to "
-"make it totally uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same "
-"deal for all kinds of work."
+"copyright totally."
msgstr ""
"Alors, que faudrait-il faires ? Si l'on croit à l'objectif du copyright tel
"
"que précisé, par exemple, dans la Constitution des Ãtats-Unis, la "
@@ -1058,6 +1207,16 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress might still be an "
+"advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional copyright gives "
+"up too much freedom. But in order to think about this intelligently, the "
+"first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to make it totally "
+"uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same deal for all kinds "
+"of work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"In fact, that already isn't the case because there are a lot of exceptions "
"for music. Music is treated very differently under copyright law. But the "
"arbitrary insistence on uniformity is used by the publishers in a certain "
@@ -1102,6 +1261,42 @@
"vous faire une proposition de classification."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, reference
+# | works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these functional
+# | works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as they are for
+# | software and the same conclusions apply. People should have the freedom
+# | even to publish a modified version because it's very useful to modify
+# | functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I wrote this
+# | work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you want to do
+# | may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to do what's
+# | good for you. [-At that point, there may be other people who have similar
+# | needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for them.
+# | Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of years.
+# | It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other people,
+# | and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the recipe and
+# | cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might ask you,
+# | “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write down your
+# | version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing that we much
+# | later started doing in the free-software community.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, "
+#| "reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these "
+#| "functional works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as "
+#| "they are for software and the same conclusions apply. People should have "
+#| "the freedom even to publish a modified version because it's very useful "
+#| "to modify functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I "
+#| "wrote this work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you "
+#| "want to do may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to "
+#| "do what's good for you. At that point, there may be other people who "
+#| "have similar needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for "
+#| "them. Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of "
+#| "years. It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other "
+#| "people, and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the "
+#| "recipe and cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might "
+#| "ask you, “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write "
+#| "down your version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing "
+#| "that we much later started doing in the free-software community."
msgid ""
"This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, reference "
"works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these functional works, "
@@ -1110,9 +1305,67 @@
"publish a modified version because it's very useful to modify functional "
"works. People's needs are not all the same. If I wrote this work to do the "
"job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you want to do may be somewhat "
-"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you. At "
-"that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, and "
-"your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
+"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you."
+msgstr ""
+"En ce qui concerne les recettes, les programmes d'ordinateurs, les manuels "
+"et livres de cours, et les Åuvres de référence telles que les
dictionnaires "
+"et les encyclopédies : pour tous ces travaux fonctionnels, je crois que les
"
+"problèmes qui se posent sont les mêmes que dans le cas du logiciel, et que "
+"par conséquent les mêmes conclusions s'appliquent. Les gens devraient même
"
+"avoir la liberté d'en publier une version modifiée, car il est très utile
de "
+"modifier les Åuvres fonctionnelles. Tout le monde n'a pas les mêmes "
+"besoins : si j'ai écrit tel texte pour répondre à une nécessité ou Ã
un "
+"souhait personnel, il ne répondra pas forcément à vos besoins,
légèrement "
+"différents. Vous souhaiterez donc adapter mon travail à votre usage. "
+"D'autres pourront alors bénéficier de votre version modifiée, car leurs "
+"habitudes seront similaires aux vôtres. Cela fait des siècles que tous les "
+"cuisiniers savent cela. Il est normal de donner ses recettes à d'autres, et "
+"il est normal d'adapter une recette. Si vous changez une recette et que les "
+"amis à qui vous servez le fruit de votre labeur aiment le résultat, ils
vous "
+"demanderont probablement la recette. Alors peut-être leur donnerez-vous des "
+"copies de votre version. C'est exactement ce que nous avons fait, bien plus "
+"tard, dans la communauté du logiciel libre."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks,
+# | reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these
+# | functional works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as they
+# | are for software and the same conclusions apply. People should have the
+# | freedom even to publish a modified version because it's very useful to
+# | modify functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I wrote
+# | this work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you want
+# | to do may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to do
+# | what's good for you.-]At that point, there may be other people who have
+# | similar needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for them.
+# | Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of years.
+# | It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other people,
+# | and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the recipe and
+# | cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might ask you,
+# | “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write down your
+# | version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing that we much
+# | later started doing in the free-software community.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, "
+#| "reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these "
+#| "functional works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as "
+#| "they are for software and the same conclusions apply. People should have "
+#| "the freedom even to publish a modified version because it's very useful "
+#| "to modify functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I "
+#| "wrote this work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you "
+#| "want to do may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to "
+#| "do what's good for you. At that point, there may be other people who "
+#| "have similar needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for "
+#| "them. Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of "
+#| "years. It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other "
+#| "people, and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the "
+#| "recipe and cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might "
+#| "ask you, “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write "
+#| "down your version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing "
+#| "that we much later started doing in the free-software community."
+msgid ""
+"At that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, "
+"and your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
"this and has known this for hundreds of years. It's normal to make copies "
"of recipes and hand them out to other people, and it's also normal to change "
"a recipe. If you change the recipe and cook it for your friends and they "
@@ -1208,6 +1461,46 @@
"l'essentiel de l'horreur â du système actuel."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where the
+# | most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the work. Now
+# | for these works, the issue of modification is a very difficult one because
+# | on the one hand, there is the idea that these works reflect the vision of
+# | an artist and to change them is to mess up that vision. On the other
+# | hand, you have the fact that there is the folk process, where a sequence
+# | of people modifying a work can sometimes produce a result that is
+# | extremely rich. Even when you have artists' producing the works,
+# | borrowing from previous works is often very useful. Some of Shakespeare's
+# | plays used a story that was taken from some other play. If today's
+# | copyright laws had been in effect back then, those plays would have been
+# | illegal. [-So it's a hard question what we should do about publishing
+# | modified versions of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have
+# | to look for further subdivisions of the category in order to solve this
+# | problem. For example, maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one
+# | way; maybe everybody should be free to publish modified versions of them.
+# | But perhaps a novel should be treated differently; perhaps for that,
+# | commercial publication should require an arrangement with the original
+# | author.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where the "
+#| "most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the work. Now "
+#| "for these works, the issue of modification is a very difficult one "
+#| "because on the one hand, there is the idea that these works reflect the "
+#| "vision of an artist and to change them is to mess up that vision. On the "
+#| "other hand, you have the fact that there is the folk process, where a "
+#| "sequence of people modifying a work can sometimes produce a result that "
+#| "is extremely rich. Even when you have artists' producing the works, "
+#| "borrowing from previous works is often very useful. Some of "
+#| "Shakespeare's plays used a story that was taken from some other play. If "
+#| "today's copyright laws had been in effect back then, those plays would "
+#| "have been illegal. So it's a hard question what we should do about "
+#| "publishing modified versions of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we "
+#| "might have to look for further subdivisions of the category in order to "
+#| "solve this problem. For example, maybe computer game scenarios should be "
+#| "treated one way; maybe everybody should be free to publish modified "
+#| "versions of them. But perhaps a novel should be treated differently; "
+#| "perhaps for that, commercial publication should require an arrangement "
+#| "with the original author."
msgid ""
"The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where the "
"most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the work. Now for "
@@ -1219,14 +1512,7 @@
"Even when you have artists' producing the works, borrowing from previous "
"works is often very useful. Some of Shakespeare's plays used a story that "
"was taken from some other play. If today's copyright laws had been in "
-"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal. So it's a hard "
-"question what we should do about publishing modified versions of an "
-"aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
-"subdivisions of the category in order to solve this problem. For example, "
-"maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one way; maybe everybody "
-"should be free to publish modified versions of them. But perhaps a novel "
-"should be treated differently; perhaps for that, commercial publication "
-"should require an arrangement with the original author."
+"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal."
msgstr ""
"La troisième catégorie renferme les travaux esthétiques ou de "
"divertissement, où le plus important est la sensation ressentie en regardant
"
@@ -1250,6 +1536,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"So it's a hard question what we should do about publishing modified versions "
+"of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
+"subdivisions of the category in order to solve this problem. For example, "
+"maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one way; maybe everybody "
+"should be free to publish modified versions of them. But perhaps a novel "
+"should be treated differently; perhaps for that, commercial publication "
+"should require an arrangement with the original author."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Now if commercial publication of these aesthetic works is covered by "
"copyright, that will give most of the revenue stream that exists today to "
"support the authors and musicians, to the limited extent that the present "
@@ -1270,7 +1567,41 @@
"If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will have "
"fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can envision "
"another way for the authors to get money for their work. Imagine that we "
-"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work. "
+"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will
+# | have fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can envision
+# | another way for the authors to get money for their work. Imagine that we
+# | have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your
+# | work.-]Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to send
+# | somebody else money through the Internet; this can be done in various ways
+# | using encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim copying of all
+# | these aesthetic works is permitted. But they're written in such a way
+# | that when you are playing one or reading one or watching one, a box
+# | appears on the side of your screen that says, “Click here to send a
+# | dollar to the author,” or the musician or whatever. And it just
+# | sits there; it doesn't get in your way; it's on the side. It doesn't
+# | interfere with you, but it's there, reminding you that it's a good thing
+# | to support the writers and the musicians.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will "
+#| "have fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can "
+#| "envision another way for the authors to get money for their work. "
+#| "Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to get money "
+#| "for your work. Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables "
+#| "you to send somebody else money through the Internet; this can be done in "
+#| "various ways using encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim "
+#| "copying of all these aesthetic works is permitted. But they're written "
+#| "in such a way that when you are playing one or reading one or watching "
+#| "one, a box appears on the side of your screen that says, “Click "
+#| "here to send a dollar to the author,” or the musician or whatever. "
+#| "And it just sits there; it doesn't get in your way; it's on the side. It "
+#| "doesn't interfere with you, but it's there, reminding you that it's a "
+#| "good thing to support the writers and the musicians."
+msgid ""
"Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to send somebody "
"else money through the Internet; this can be done in various ways using "
"encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim copying of all these "
@@ -1449,6 +1780,38 @@
"appliquer en matière de copyright."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention that
+# | tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning of a
+# | summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to try to
+# | extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big protest
+# | is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being used to
+# | smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from entering
+# | Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to enter
+# | through at any time. [-On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built
+# | around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters
+# | out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used against
+# | public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy remains to
+# | us after government powers have been taken away from democratically
+# | elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected international
+# | bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the suppression of
+# | public protest against it.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention "
+#| "that tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning "
+#| "of a summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to "
+#| "try to extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big "
+#| "protest is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being "
+#| "used to smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from "
+#| "entering Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to "
+#| "enter through at any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been "
+#| "built around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep "
+#| "protesters out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used "
+#| "against public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy "
+#| "remains to us after government powers have been taken away from "
+#| "democratically elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected "
+#| "international bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the "
+#| "suppression of public protest against it."
msgid ""
"So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention that "
"tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning of a "
@@ -1457,13 +1820,67 @@
"being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being used to smash "
"this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from entering Canada "
"through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to enter through at "
-"any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the "
-"center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters out. We've "
-"seen a large number of different dirty tricks used against public protest "
-"against these treaties. So whatever democracy remains to us after "
-"government powers have been taken away from democratically elected governors "
-"and given to businesses and to unelected international bodies, whatever is "
-"left after that may not survive the suppression of public protest against it."
+"any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Je pense avoir dit tout ce que j'avais à dire. J'aimerais mentionner que "
+"demain (le 20 avril 2001) est, au Canada, le jour de l'opération «Â
appeler "
+"son employeur en prétendant être malade ». C'est en effet le début d'un "
+"sommet qui doit finaliser les négociations de la zone de libre-échange des "
+"Amériques pour tenter d'étendre le pouvoir des grandes entreprises à "
+"d'autres pays encore, et une grande manifestation de protestation est prévue
"
+"à Québec. On a pu observer des méthodes extrêmes pour écraser cette "
+"protestation : de nombreux Américains sont bloqués à la frontière alors "
+"qu'ils sont censés pouvoir à tout instant entrer librement au Canada. On a "
+"construit, sur un prétexte complètement bidon, un mur-forteresse autour du "
+"centre-ville de Québec pour en exclure les protestataires. On a utilisé de "
+"nombreuses autres sales méthodes pour contrer la contestation publique de "
+"ces traités. Une fois que le pouvoir de gouverner aura été enlevé aux "
+"gouverneurs démocratiquement élus, et attribué à des entreprises et Ã
des "
+"organisations internationales nullement élues, le peu de démocratie qui
nous "
+"reste ne survivra peut-être pas à la répression de la contestation
publique "
+"de cet état de choses."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention
+# | that tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning
+# | of a summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to
+# | try to extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big
+# | protest is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being
+# | used to smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from
+# | entering Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to
+# | enter through at any time.-]On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been
+# | built around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep
+# | protesters out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used
+# | against public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy
+# | remains to us after government powers have been taken away from
+# | democratically elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected
+# | international bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the
+# | suppression of public protest against it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention "
+#| "that tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning "
+#| "of a summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to "
+#| "try to extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big "
+#| "protest is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being "
+#| "used to smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from "
+#| "entering Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to "
+#| "enter through at any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been "
+#| "built around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep "
+#| "protesters out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used "
+#| "against public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy "
+#| "remains to us after government powers have been taken away from "
+#| "democratically elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected "
+#| "international bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the "
+#| "suppression of public protest against it."
+msgid ""
+"On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the center of "
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msgstr ""
"Je pense avoir dit tout ce que j'avais à dire. J'aimerais mentionner que "
"demain (le 20 avril 2001) est, au Canada, le jour de l'opération «Â
appeler "
@@ -1914,6 +2331,44 @@
"un éditeur ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not. I hope it won't, you see, because the
+# | publishers exploit the authors terribly. When you ask the publishers'
+# | representatives about this, they say, “Well, yes, if an author or if
+# | a band doesn't want to go through us, they shouldn't be legally required
+# | to go through us.” But, in fact, they're doing their utmost to set
+# | it up so that will not be feasible. For instance, they're proposing
+# | restricted copying media formats and in order to publish in these formats,
+# | you'll have to go through the big publishers because they won't tell
+# | anyone else how to do it. So they're hoping for a world where the players
+# | will play these formats, and in order to get anything that you can play on
+# | those players, it'll have to come through the publishers. [-So, in fact,
+# | while there's no law against an author or a musician publishing directly,
+# | it won't be feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it rich.
+# | They say, “We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich as
+# | the Beatles.” Take your pick of some very successful group and, of
+# | course, only a tiny fraction of musicians are going to have that happen.
+# | But they may be drawn by that into signing contracts that will lock them
+# | down forever.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not. I hope it won't, you see, because the "
+#| "publishers exploit the authors terribly. When you ask the publishers' "
+#| "representatives about this, they say, “Well, yes, if an author or "
+#| "if a band doesn't want to go through us, they shouldn't be legally "
+#| "required to go through us.” But, in fact, they're doing their "
+#| "utmost to set it up so that will not be feasible. For instance, they're "
+#| "proposing restricted copying media formats and in order to publish in "
+#| "these formats, you'll have to go through the big publishers because they "
+#| "won't tell anyone else how to do it. So they're hoping for a world where "
+#| "the players will play these formats, and in order to get anything that "
+#| "you can play on those players, it'll have to come through the "
+#| "publishers. So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a "
+#| "musician publishing directly, it won't be feasible. There's also the "
+#| "lure of maybe hitting it rich. They say, “We'll publicize you and "
+#| "maybe you'll hit it as rich as the Beatles.” Take your pick of some "
+#| "very successful group and, of course, only a tiny fraction of musicians "
+#| "are going to have that happen. But they may be drawn by that into "
+#| "signing contracts that will lock them down forever."
msgid ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not. I hope it won't, you see, because the "
"publishers exploit the authors terribly. When you ask the publishers' "
@@ -1925,13 +2380,7 @@
"to go through the big publishers because they won't tell anyone else how to "
"do it. So they're hoping for a world where the players will play these "
"formats, and in order to get anything that you can play on those players, "
-"it'll have to come through the publishers. So, in fact, while there's no "
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-"We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich as the Beatles.” "
-"Take your pick of some very successful group and, of course, only a tiny "
-"fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. But they may be drawn "
-"by that into signing contracts that will lock them down forever."
+"it'll have to come through the publishers."
msgstr ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>Â : Absolument. Je pense qu'il ne le faudra pas, voyez-vous, "
"car les éditeurs exploitent les auteurs d'une manière éhontée. Quand on "
@@ -1954,6 +2403,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a musician publishing "
+"directly, it won't be feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it "
+"rich. They say, “We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich "
+"as the Beatles.” Take your pick of some very successful group and, of "
+"course, only a tiny fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. "
+"But they may be drawn by that into signing contracts that will lock them "
+"down forever."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Publishers tend to be very bad at respecting their contracts with authors. "
"For instance, book contracts typically have said that if a book goes out of "
"print, the rights revert to the author, and publishers have generally not "
@@ -2027,26 +2487,89 @@
"the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time volunteers "
"developing free software. We also see that there are other ways to raise "
"money for this which are not based on stopping the public from copying and "
-"modifying these works. That's the interesting lesson of the free software "
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-"we've extended the community development of a free base of useful knowledge "
-"from software to encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these "
-"areas of functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point "
-"where we have to mess up the use of these works."
+"modifying these works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That's the interesting lesson of the free software movement. Aside from the "
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+"will do these things. Then if you look at, say, the writing of monographs "
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+"are very basic, the authors are not making money out of that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, what we see is, first of all, that this economic
+# | incentive is a lot less necessary than people have been supposing. Look
+# | at the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time
+# | volunteers developing free software. We also see that there are other
+# | ways to raise money for this which are not based on stopping the public
+# | from copying and modifying these works. That's the interesting lesson of
+# | the free software movement. Aside from the fact that it gives you a way
+# | you can use a computer and keep your freedom to share and cooperate with
+# | other people, it also shows us that this negative assumption that people
+# | would never do these things unless they are given special powers to force
+# | people to pay them is simply wrong. A lot of people will do these things.
+# | Then if you look at, say, the writing of monographs which serve as
+# | textbooks in many fields of science except for the ones that are very
+# | basic, the authors are not making money out of that.-]We now have a free
+# | encyclopedia project which is, in fact, a commercial-free encyclopedia
+# | project, and it's making progress. We had a project for a GNU
+# | encyclopedia but we merged it into the commercial project when they
+# | adopted our license. In January, they switched to the GNU Free
+# | Documentation License for all the articles in their encyclopedia. So we
+# | said, “Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to
+# | contribute to them.” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can
+# | find a link to it, if you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So
+# | here we've extended the community development of a free base of useful
+# | knowledge from software to encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in
+# | all these areas of functional work, we don't need that economic incentive
+# | to the point where we have to mess up the use of these works.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, what we see is, first of all, that this economic "
+#| "incentive is a lot less necessary than people have been supposing. Look "
+#| "at the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time "
+#| "volunteers developing free software. We also see that there are other "
+#| "ways to raise money for this which are not based on stopping the public "
+#| "from copying and modifying these works. That's the interesting lesson of "
+#| "the free software movement. Aside from the fact that it gives you a way "
+#| "you can use a computer and keep your freedom to share and cooperate with "
+#| "other people, it also shows us that this negative assumption that people "
+#| "would never do these things unless they are given special powers to force "
+#| "people to pay them is simply wrong. A lot of people will do these "
+#| "things. Then if you look at, say, the writing of monographs which serve "
+#| "as textbooks in many fields of science except for the ones that are very "
+#| "basic, the authors are not making money out of that. We now have a free "
+#| "encyclopedia project which is, in fact, a commercial-free encyclopedia "
+#| "project, and it's making progress. We had a project for a GNU "
+#| "encyclopedia but we merged it into the commercial project when they "
+#| "adopted our license. In January, they switched to the GNU Free "
+#| "Documentation License for all the articles in their encyclopedia. So we "
+#| "said, “Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to "
+#| "contribute to them.” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can "
+#| "find a link to it, if you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So "
+#| "here we've extended the community development of a free base of useful "
+#| "knowledge from software to encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that "
+#| "in all these areas of functional work, we don't need that economic "
+#| "incentive to the point where we have to mess up the use of these works."
+msgid ""
+"We now have a free encyclopedia project which is, in fact, a commercial-free "
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+"Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to contribute to them."
+"” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can find a link to it, if "
+"you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So here we've extended the "
+"community development of a free base of useful knowledge from software to "
+"encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these areas of "
+"functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point where we "
+"have to mess up the use of these works."
msgstr ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>Â : Nous pouvons commencer par remarquer que cette incitation "
"économique est bien moins nécessaire que tout ce qu'on a supposé. Prenez
le "
@@ -2185,17 +2708,63 @@
"be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, about what may occur in the "
"longer run. But, in the shorter term, struggles over the control of text "
"and images, over all forms of information are likely to be painful and "
-"extensive. For example, as a teacher of media, my access to images has been "
-"restricted in recent years in a way that had never been in place before. If "
-"I write an essay in which I want to use still images, even from films, they "
-"are much harder to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use "
-"those still images are much higher — even when I make arguments about "
-"intellectual inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use.” "
-"So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the longer-term "
-"prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in the "
-"shorter term. But in any case, we need to understand the whole of our "
-"contemporary experience as a renewed version of a struggle over the control "
-"of technological resources that is a recurring principle of Western society."
+"extensive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<b>THORBURN</b>: One way to understand all of this discourse today, I
+# | think, is to recognize that whenever radical, potentially transforming
+# | technologies appear in society, there's a struggle over who controls them.
+# | We today are repeating what has happened in the past. So from this
+# | angle, there may not be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, about
+# | what may occur in the longer run. But, in the shorter term, struggles
+# | over the control of text and images, over all forms of information are
+# | likely to be painful and extensive.-]For example, as a teacher of media,
+# | my access to images has been restricted in recent years in a way that had
+# | never been in place before. If I write an essay in which I want to use
+# | still images, even from films, they are much harder to get permission to
+# | use, and the prices charged to use those still images are much higher
+# | — even when I make arguments about intellectual inquiry and the the
+# | legal category of “fair use.” So I think, in this moment of
+# | extended transformation, the longer-term prospects may, in fact, not be as
+# | disturbing as what's happening in the shorter term. But in any case, we
+# | need to understand the whole of our contemporary experience as a renewed
+# | version of a struggle over the control of technological resources that is
+# | a recurring principle of Western society.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>THORBURN</b>: One way to understand all of this discourse today, I "
+#| "think, is to recognize that whenever radical, potentially transforming "
+#| "technologies appear in society, there's a struggle over who controls "
+#| "them. We today are repeating what has happened in the past. So from "
+#| "this angle, there may not be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, "
+#| "about what may occur in the longer run. But, in the shorter term, "
+#| "struggles over the control of text and images, over all forms of "
+#| "information are likely to be painful and extensive. For example, as a "
+#| "teacher of media, my access to images has been restricted in recent years "
+#| "in a way that had never been in place before. If I write an essay in "
+#| "which I want to use still images, even from films, they are much harder "
+#| "to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use those still "
+#| "images are much higher — even when I make arguments about "
+#| "intellectual inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use."
+#| "” So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the longer-"
+#| "term prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in "
+#| "the shorter term. But in any case, we need to understand the whole of "
+#| "our contemporary experience as a renewed version of a struggle over the "
+#| "control of technological resources that is a recurring principle of "
+#| "Western society."
+msgid ""
+"For example, as a teacher of media, my access to images has been restricted "
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+"any case, we need to understand the whole of our contemporary experience as "
+"a renewed version of a struggle over the control of technological resources "
+"that is a recurring principle of Western society."
msgstr ""
"<b>THORBURN</b> : Une façon de comprendre l'ensemble de l'argumentation "
"d'aujourd'hui, je pense, est de se rendre compte qu'Ã chaque apparition "
Index: philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:21
-0000 1.11
+++ philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:36
-0000 1.12
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 07:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -322,7 +322,11 @@
"producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you were in the habit "
"of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you discover a use for it? You "
"can actually consume it, use it. What do you do? You don't trade at all; "
-"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do. "
+"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"That's what the public does whenever it's given a chance to voice its "
"preference; it keeps some of this freedom and exercises it. Napster is a "
"big example of that, the public deciding to exercise the freedom to copy "
@@ -589,14 +593,18 @@
"at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this example really shows "
"that the total is the wrong way to judge because Bill Gates really doesn't "
"need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 billion by other people who "
-"don't have as much to start with might be painful. Well, in a discussion "
-"about any of these trade treaties, when you hear people talk about the "
-"interests of this country or that country, what they're doing, within each "
-"country, is adding up everybody's income. The rich people and the poor "
-"people are being added up. So it's actually an excuse to apply that same "
-"fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the distribution of wealth within "
-"the country and whether the treaty is going to make that more uneven, as it "
-"has done in the U.S."
+"don't have as much to start with might be painful."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when you hear "
+"people talk about the interests of this country or that country, what "
+"they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's income. The "
+"rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's actually an "
+"excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the "
+"distribution of wealth within the country and whether the treaty is going to "
+"make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -617,12 +625,17 @@
"freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, make "
"use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's an "
"interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily abolish "
-"copyright totally. The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress "
-"might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional "
-"copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think about this "
-"intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to "
-"make it totally uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same "
-"deal for all kinds of work."
+"copyright totally."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress might still be an "
+"advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional copyright gives "
+"up too much freedom. But in order to think about this intelligently, the "
+"first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to make it totally "
+"uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same deal for all kinds "
+"of work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -663,9 +676,13 @@
"publish a modified version because it's very useful to modify functional "
"works. People's needs are not all the same. If I wrote this work to do the "
"job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you want to do may be somewhat "
-"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you. At "
-"that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, and "
-"your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
+"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, "
+"and your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
"this and has known this for hundreds of years. It's normal to make copies "
"of recipes and hand them out to other people, and it's also normal to change "
"a recipe. If you change the recipe and cook it for your friends and they "
@@ -725,9 +742,13 @@
"Even when you have artists' producing the works, borrowing from previous "
"works is often very useful. Some of Shakespeare's plays used a story that "
"was taken from some other play. If today's copyright laws had been in "
-"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal. So it's a hard "
-"question what we should do about publishing modified versions of an "
-"aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
+"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So it's a hard question what we should do about publishing modified versions "
+"of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
"subdivisions of the category in order to solve this problem. For example, "
"maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one way; maybe everybody "
"should be free to publish modified versions of them. But perhaps a novel "
@@ -750,7 +771,11 @@
"If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will have "
"fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can envision "
"another way for the authors to get money for their work. Imagine that we "
-"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work. "
+"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to send somebody "
"else money through the Internet; this can be done in various ways using "
"encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim copying of all these "
@@ -858,14 +883,18 @@
"being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being used to smash "
"this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from entering Canada "
"through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to enter through at "
-"any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the "
-"center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters out. We've "
-"seen a large number of different dirty tricks used against public protest "
-"against these treaties. So whatever democracy remains to us after "
-"government powers have been taken away from democratically elected governors "
-"and given to businesses and to unelected international bodies, whatever is "
-"left after that may not survive the suppression of public protest against "
-"it."
+"any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the center of "
+"Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters out. We've seen a large "
+"number of different dirty tricks used against public protest against these "
+"treaties. So whatever democracy remains to us after government powers have "
+"been taken away from democratically elected governors and given to "
+"businesses and to unelected international bodies, whatever is left after "
+"that may not survive the suppression of public protest against it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1139,14 +1168,18 @@
"to go through the big publishers because they won't tell anyone else how to "
"do it. So they're hoping for a world where the players will play these "
"formats, and in order to get anything that you can play on those players, "
-"it'll have to come through the publishers. So, in fact, while there's no "
-"law against an author or a musician publishing directly, it won't be "
-"feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it rich. They say, "
-"“We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich as the "
-"Beatles.” Take your pick of some very successful group and, of course, "
-"only a tiny fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. But they "
-"may be drawn by that into signing contracts that will lock them down "
-"forever."
+"it'll have to come through the publishers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a musician publishing "
+"directly, it won't be feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it "
+"rich. They say, “We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich "
+"as the Beatles.” Take your pick of some very successful group and, of "
+"course, only a tiny fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. "
+"But they may be drawn by that into signing contracts that will lock them "
+"down forever."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1198,26 +1231,35 @@
"the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time volunteers "
"developing free software. We also see that there are other ways to raise "
"money for this which are not based on stopping the public from copying and "
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-"we said, “Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to "
-"contribute to them.” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can "
-"find a link to it, if you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So here "
-"we've extended the community development of a free base of useful knowledge "
-"from software to encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these "
-"areas of functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point "
-"where we have to mess up the use of these works."
+"modifying these works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That's the interesting lesson of the free software movement. Aside from the "
+"fact that it gives you a way you can use a computer and keep your freedom to "
+"share and cooperate with other people, it also shows us that this negative "
+"assumption that people would never do these things unless they are given "
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+"will do these things. Then if you look at, say, the writing of monographs "
+"which serve as textbooks in many fields of science except for the ones that "
+"are very basic, the authors are not making money out of that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We now have a free encyclopedia project which is, in fact, a commercial-free "
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+"encyclopedia but we merged it into the commercial project when they adopted "
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+"“Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to contribute to "
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+"to encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these areas of "
+"functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point where we "
+"have to mess up the use of these works."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1289,17 +1331,22 @@
"be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, about what may occur in the "
"longer run. But, in the shorter term, struggles over the control of text "
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-"shorter term. But in any case, we need to understand the whole of our "
-"contemporary experience as a renewed version of a struggle over the control "
-"of technological resources that is a recurring principle of Western society."
+"extensive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, as a teacher of media, my access to images has been restricted "
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+"images are much higher — even when I make arguments about intellectual "
+"inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use.” So I think, in "
+"this moment of extended transformation, the longer-term prospects may, in "
+"fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in the shorter term. But in "
+"any case, we need to understand the whole of our contemporary experience as "
+"a renewed version of a struggle over the control of technological resources "
+"that is a recurring principle of Western society."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
Index: philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po 10 Jun 2012 11:33:15
-0000 1.7
+++ philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:36
-0000 1.8
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.ro.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 07:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-01 18:03+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: CÄtÄlin Frâncu <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Romanian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -515,6 +515,23 @@
"ridicate la rang de lege în SUA Èi în alte ÈÄri."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public "
+#| "to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't "
+#| "exercise. Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if "
+#| "you have been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you "
+#| "were in the habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you "
+#| "discover a use for it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you "
+#| "do? You don't trade at all; you keep some. And that's what the public "
+#| "would naturally want to do. That's what the public does whenever it's "
+#| "given a chance to voice its preference; it keeps some of this freedom and "
+#| "exercises it. Napster is a big example of that, the public deciding to "
+#| "exercise the freedom to copy instead of giving it up. So the natural "
+#| "thing for us to do to make copyright law fit today's circumstances is to "
+#| "reduce the amount of copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce "
+#| "the amount of restriction that they place on the public and to increase "
+#| "the freedom that the public retains."
msgid ""
"And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public to "
"make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't exercise. "
@@ -522,7 +539,42 @@
"producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you were in the habit "
"of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you discover a use for it? You "
"can actually consume it, use it. What do you do? You don't trade at all; "
-"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do. "
+"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do."
+msgstr ""
+"Èi, se putea argumenta, copyrightul era un schimb avantajos pentru public "
+"pentru cÄ publicul renunÈa la niÈte libertÄÈi pe care nu le putea
exercita. "
+"Ei bine, acum el poate exercita aceste libertÄÈi. Ce faci dacÄ ai un
produs "
+"secundar care îÈi era inutil Èi pe care obiÈnuiai sÄ-l vinzi, iar apoi, "
+"dintr-o datÄ, descoperi cÄ Ã®l poÈi folosi? Ãl poÈi consuma, utiliza. Ce
"
+"faci? Nu mai faci comerÈ cu el; îl pÄstrezi. Èi asta ar dori publicul,
în "
+"mod natural, sÄ facÄ. Aceasta face publicul oricând i se dÄ Èansa de
a-Èi "
+"exprima preferinÈa; pÄstreazÄ o parte din aceastÄ libertate Èi o
exercitÄ. "
+"Napster este un exemplu faimos de cum decide publicul sÄ-Èi exercite "
+"libertatea de a copia în loc sÄ renunÈe le ea. Deci pentru a acomoda legea
"
+"copyrightului la circumstanÈele de astÄzi, natural ar fi sÄ reducem
puterea "
+"pe care o primesc deÈinÄtorii de copyright, sÄ reducem cantitatea de "
+"restricÈii pe care ei le impun publicului Èi sÄ sporim libertatea pe care
o "
+"pÄstreazÄ publicul."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public "
+#| "to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't "
+#| "exercise. Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if "
+#| "you have been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you "
+#| "were in the habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you "
+#| "discover a use for it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you "
+#| "do? You don't trade at all; you keep some. And that's what the public "
+#| "would naturally want to do. That's what the public does whenever it's "
+#| "given a chance to voice its preference; it keeps some of this freedom and "
+#| "exercises it. Napster is a big example of that, the public deciding to "
+#| "exercise the freedom to copy instead of giving it up. So the natural "
+#| "thing for us to do to make copyright law fit today's circumstances is to "
+#| "reduce the amount of copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce "
+#| "the amount of restriction that they place on the public and to increase "
+#| "the freedom that the public retains."
+msgid ""
"That's what the public does whenever it's given a chance to voice its "
"preference; it keeps some of this freedom and exercises it. Napster is a "
"big example of that, the public deciding to exercise the freedom to copy "
@@ -969,6 +1021,26 @@
"mult bine."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S. "
+#| "has sufficient power to force them to go against their interests. "
+#| "Actually, it's a mistake to speak of the interests of countries in this "
+#| "context. In fact, I'm sure that most of you have heard about the fallacy "
+#| "of trying to judge the public interest by adding up everybody's wealth. "
+#| "If working Americans lost $1 billion and Bill Gates gained $2 billion, "
+#| "would Americans generally be better off? Would this be good for America? "
+#| "Or if you look only at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this "
+#| "example really shows that the total is the wrong way to judge because "
+#| "Bill Gates really doesn't need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 "
+#| "billion by other people who don't have as much to start with might be "
+#| "painful. Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when "
+#| "you hear people talk about the interests of this country or that country, "
+#| "what they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's "
+#| "income. The rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's "
+#| "actually an excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the "
+#| "effect on the distribution of wealth within the country and whether the "
+#| "treaty is going to make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S."
msgid ""
"The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S. has "
"sufficient power to force them to go against their interests. Actually, "
@@ -980,14 +1052,7 @@
"at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this example really shows "
"that the total is the wrong way to judge because Bill Gates really doesn't "
"need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 billion by other people who "
-"don't have as much to start with might be painful. Well, in a discussion "
-"about any of these trade treaties, when you hear people talk about the "
-"interests of this country or that country, what they're doing, within each "
-"country, is adding up everybody's income. The rich people and the poor "
-"people are being added up. So it's actually an excuse to apply that same "
-"fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the distribution of wealth within "
-"the country and whether the treaty is going to make that more uneven, as it "
-"has done in the U.S."
+"don't have as much to start with might be painful."
msgstr ""
"AceeaÈi logicÄ s-ar aplica astÄzi ÈÄrilor în curs de dezvoltare, dar
SUA are "
"suficientÄ putere ca sÄ le forÈeze sÄ treacÄ peste propriile interese.
De "
@@ -1010,6 +1075,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when you hear "
+"people talk about the interests of this country or that country, what "
+"they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's income. The "
+"rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's actually an "
+"excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the "
+"distribution of wealth within the country and whether the treaty is going to "
+"make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"So it's really not the U.S. interest that is being served by enforcing "
"copyright around the world. It's the interests of certain business owners, "
"many of whom are in the U.S. and some of whom are in other countries. It "
@@ -1020,6 +1096,22 @@
"în SUA, iar unii în alte ÈÄri. Ãn nici un caz nu serveÈte interesul
public."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright "
+#| "stated, for instance in the U.S. Constitution, the goal of promoting "
+#| "progress, what would be intelligent policies to use in the age of the "
+#| "computer network? Clearly, instead of increasing copyright powers, we "
+#| "have to pull them back so as to give the general public a certain domain "
+#| "of freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, "
+#| "make use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's "
+#| "an interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily "
+#| "abolish copyright totally. The idea of trading some freedoms for more "
+#| "progress might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if "
+#| "traditional copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think "
+#| "about this intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, "
+#| "there's no reason to make it totally uniform. There's no reason to "
+#| "insist on making the same deal for all kinds of work."
msgid ""
"But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright "
"stated, for instance in the U.S. Constitution, the goal of promoting "
@@ -1029,12 +1121,7 @@
"freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, make "
"use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's an "
"interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily abolish "
-"copyright totally. The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress "
-"might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional "
-"copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think about this "
-"intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to "
-"make it totally uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same "
-"deal for all kinds of work."
+"copyright totally."
msgstr ""
"Dar ce ar fi rezonabil de fÄcut? DacÄ credem în scopul copyrightului "
"enunÈat, de pildÄ, în ConstituÈia SUA, scopul promovÄrii progresului, ce
"
@@ -1053,6 +1140,16 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress might still be an "
+"advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional copyright gives "
+"up too much freedom. But in order to think about this intelligently, the "
+"first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to make it totally "
+"uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same deal for all kinds "
+"of work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"In fact, that already isn't the case because there are a lot of exceptions "
"for music. Music is treated very differently under copyright law. But the "
"arbitrary insistence on uniformity is used by the publishers in a certain "
@@ -1095,6 +1192,25 @@
"propun o cale de a face aceasta."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, "
+#| "reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these "
+#| "functional works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as "
+#| "they are for software and the same conclusions apply. People should have "
+#| "the freedom even to publish a modified version because it's very useful "
+#| "to modify functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I "
+#| "wrote this work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you "
+#| "want to do may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to "
+#| "do what's good for you. At that point, there may be other people who "
+#| "have similar needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for "
+#| "them. Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of "
+#| "years. It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other "
+#| "people, and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the "
+#| "recipe and cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might "
+#| "ask you, “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write "
+#| "down your version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing "
+#| "that we much later started doing in the free-software community."
msgid ""
"This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, reference "
"works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these functional works, "
@@ -1103,9 +1219,50 @@
"publish a modified version because it's very useful to modify functional "
"works. People's needs are not all the same. If I wrote this work to do the "
"job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you want to do may be somewhat "
-"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you. At "
-"that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, and "
-"your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
+"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you."
+msgstr ""
+"Aceasta include reÈete, programe pe calculator, manuale Èi culegeri,
lucrÄri "
+"de referinÈÄ ca dicÈionarele Èi enciclopediile. Pentru toate aceste opere
"
+"funcÈionale, cred cÄ problemele sunt la fel ca pentru software Èi
aceleaÈi "
+"concluzii li se aplicÄ. Oamenii ar trebui sÄ aibÄ libertatea chiar Èi sÄ
"
+"publice o versiune modificatÄ, pentru cÄ este foarte util sÄ modifici "
+"lucrÄri funcÈionale. Nevoile tuturor oamenilor nu sunt identice. DacÄ eu
am "
+"scris lucrarea aceasta ca sÄ facÄ treaba care consider cÄ trebuie
fÄcutÄ, "
+"ideea voastrÄ despre treaba pe care vreÈi sÄ o faceÈi poate fi diferitÄ.
"
+"AÈadar doriÈi sÄ modificaÈi aceastÄ lucrare sÄ facÄ ce este bine
pentru voi. "
+"Ãn acel moment, pot exista alÈi oameni cu nevoi similare cu ale voastre,
iar "
+"versiunea voastrÄ modificatÄ poate fi bunÄ pentru ei. Oricine gÄteÈte
Ètie "
+"aceasta Èi s-a Ètiut asta de sute de ani. Este normal sÄ faci cópii dupÄ
"
+"reÈete Èi sÄ le dai altor oameni, Èi este normal Èi sÄ schimbi o
reÈetÄ. "
+"DacÄ schimbaÈi o reÈetÄ Èi gÄtiÈi dupÄ ea pentru prietenii voÈtri
Èi ei o "
+"mÄnâncÄ cu plÄcere, s-ar putea sÄ vÄ Ã®ntrebe âÃmi dai Èi mie
reÈeta?â Atunci "
+"poate o veÈi scrie versiunea voastrÄ Èi le veÈi da cópii. Este exact
acelaÈi "
+"lucru pe care mult mai târziu am început sÄ-l facem în comunitatea de "
+"software liber."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, "
+#| "reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these "
+#| "functional works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as "
+#| "they are for software and the same conclusions apply. People should have "
+#| "the freedom even to publish a modified version because it's very useful "
+#| "to modify functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I "
+#| "wrote this work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you "
+#| "want to do may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to "
+#| "do what's good for you. At that point, there may be other people who "
+#| "have similar needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for "
+#| "them. Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of "
+#| "years. It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other "
+#| "people, and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the "
+#| "recipe and cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might "
+#| "ask you, “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write "
+#| "down your version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing "
+#| "that we much later started doing in the free-software community."
+msgid ""
+"At that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, "
+"and your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
"this and has known this for hundreds of years. It's normal to make copies "
"of recipes and hand them out to other people, and it's also normal to change "
"a recipe. If you change the recipe and cook it for your friends and they "
@@ -1197,6 +1354,27 @@
"— Èi scÄpÄm de aproape toate ororile — sistemului curent."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where the "
+#| "most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the work. Now "
+#| "for these works, the issue of modification is a very difficult one "
+#| "because on the one hand, there is the idea that these works reflect the "
+#| "vision of an artist and to change them is to mess up that vision. On the "
+#| "other hand, you have the fact that there is the folk process, where a "
+#| "sequence of people modifying a work can sometimes produce a result that "
+#| "is extremely rich. Even when you have artists' producing the works, "
+#| "borrowing from previous works is often very useful. Some of "
+#| "Shakespeare's plays used a story that was taken from some other play. If "
+#| "today's copyright laws had been in effect back then, those plays would "
+#| "have been illegal. So it's a hard question what we should do about "
+#| "publishing modified versions of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we "
+#| "might have to look for further subdivisions of the category in order to "
+#| "solve this problem. For example, maybe computer game scenarios should be "
+#| "treated one way; maybe everybody should be free to publish modified "
+#| "versions of them. But perhaps a novel should be treated differently; "
+#| "perhaps for that, commercial publication should require an arrangement "
+#| "with the original author."
msgid ""
"The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where the "
"most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the work. Now for "
@@ -1208,14 +1386,7 @@
"Even when you have artists' producing the works, borrowing from previous "
"works is often very useful. Some of Shakespeare's plays used a story that "
"was taken from some other play. If today's copyright laws had been in "
-"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal. So it's a hard "
-"question what we should do about publishing modified versions of an "
-"aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
-"subdivisions of the category in order to solve this problem. For example, "
-"maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one way; maybe everybody "
-"should be free to publish modified versions of them. But perhaps a novel "
-"should be treated differently; perhaps for that, commercial publication "
-"should require an arrangement with the original author."
+"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal."
msgstr ""
"A treia categorie este cea a operelor estetice sau de divertisment, unde cel "
"mai important lucru este numai senzaÈia de a privi opera. Acum pentru aceste
"
@@ -1239,6 +1410,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"So it's a hard question what we should do about publishing modified versions "
+"of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
+"subdivisions of the category in order to solve this problem. For example, "
+"maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one way; maybe everybody "
+"should be free to publish modified versions of them. But perhaps a novel "
+"should be treated differently; perhaps for that, commercial publication "
+"should require an arrangement with the original author."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Now if commercial publication of these aesthetic works is covered by "
"copyright, that will give most of the revenue stream that exists today to "
"support the authors and musicians, to the limited extent that the present "
@@ -1258,7 +1440,27 @@
"If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will have "
"fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can envision "
"another way for the authors to get money for their work. Imagine that we "
-"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work. "
+"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will "
+#| "have fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can "
+#| "envision another way for the authors to get money for their work. "
+#| "Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to get money "
+#| "for your work. Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables "
+#| "you to send somebody else money through the Internet; this can be done in "
+#| "various ways using encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim "
+#| "copying of all these aesthetic works is permitted. But they're written "
+#| "in such a way that when you are playing one or reading one or watching "
+#| "one, a box appears on the side of your screen that says, “Click "
+#| "here to send a dollar to the author,” or the musician or whatever. "
+#| "And it just sits there; it doesn't get in your way; it's on the side. It "
+#| "doesn't interfere with you, but it's there, reminding you that it's a "
+#| "good thing to support the writers and the musicians."
+msgid ""
"Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to send somebody "
"else money through the Internet; this can be done in various ways using "
"encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim copying of all these "
@@ -1432,6 +1634,23 @@
"când analizÄm chestiuni de politica copyrightului."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention "
+#| "that tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning "
+#| "of a summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to "
+#| "try to extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big "
+#| "protest is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being "
+#| "used to smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from "
+#| "entering Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to "
+#| "enter through at any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been "
+#| "built around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep "
+#| "protesters out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used "
+#| "against public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy "
+#| "remains to us after government powers have been taken away from "
+#| "democratically elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected "
+#| "international bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the "
+#| "suppression of public protest against it."
msgid ""
"So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention that "
"tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning of a "
@@ -1440,13 +1659,52 @@
"being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being used to smash "
"this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from entering Canada "
"through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to enter through at "
-"any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the "
-"center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters out. We've "
-"seen a large number of different dirty tricks used against public protest "
-"against these treaties. So whatever democracy remains to us after "
-"government powers have been taken away from democratically elected governors "
-"and given to businesses and to unelected international bodies, whatever is "
-"left after that may not survive the suppression of public protest against it."
+"any time."
+msgstr ""
+"AÈadar, cred cÄ am spus cam tot ce voiam sÄ spun. AÈ vrea sÄ menÈionez
cÄ "
+"mâine în Canada este Ziua de Concediu Medical [<em>n. trad.</em> o "
+"sÄrbÄtoare fictivÄ inventatÄ ca un protest la adresa capitalismului
global, "
+"în care lumea este încurajatÄ sÄ se prefacÄ bolnavÄ Èi sÄ nu meargÄ
la "
+"serviciu]. Mâine este începutul unei conferinÈe pentru a încheia
negocierea "
+"unei zone de comerÈ liber a Americilor, pentru a se încerca extinderea "
+"puterii corporatiste în noi ÈÄri, Èi se plÄnuieÈte un protest amplu în
"
+"Quebec. Am vÄzut metode extreme folosite pentru a strivi acest protest. "
+"Multor americani li se blocheazÄ intrarea în Canada la o graniÈÄ pe care
se "
+"presupune cÄ o pot trece oricând. Folosind cele mai Èubrede pretexte, s-a "
+"ridicat un zid în jurul centrului Quebecului pentru a fi folosit ca o "
+"fortÄreaÈÄ Èi a-i Èine pe protestatari afarÄ. Am vÄzut multe
stratageme "
+"murdare folosite împotriva protestului public la adresa acestor tratate. Èi
"
+"deci puÈinul de democraÈie care mai rÄmâne dupÄ ce puterile
guvernamentale "
+"le-au fost luate guvernatorilor aleÈi democratic Èi date companiilor Èi "
+"organelor internaÈionale neabilitate, puÈinul rÄmas va pieri în urma "
+"suprimÄrii protestelor publice împotriva abuzului."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention "
+#| "that tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning "
+#| "of a summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to "
+#| "try to extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big "
+#| "protest is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being "
+#| "used to smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from "
+#| "entering Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to "
+#| "enter through at any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been "
+#| "built around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep "
+#| "protesters out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used "
+#| "against public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy "
+#| "remains to us after government powers have been taken away from "
+#| "democratically elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected "
+#| "international bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the "
+#| "suppression of public protest against it."
+msgid ""
+"On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the center of "
+"Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters out. We've seen a large "
+"number of different dirty tricks used against public protest against these "
+"treaties. So whatever democracy remains to us after government powers have "
+"been taken away from democratically elected governors and given to "
+"businesses and to unelected international bodies, whatever is left after "
+"that may not survive the suppression of public protest against it."
msgstr ""
"AÈadar, cred cÄ am spus cam tot ce voiam sÄ spun. AÈ vrea sÄ menÈionez
cÄ "
"mâine în Canada este Ziua de Concediu Medical [<em>n. trad.</em> o "
@@ -1924,6 +2182,26 @@
"<b>THORBURN</b>: Te gândeÈti la un sistem care nu implicÄ deloc un editor?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not. I hope it won't, you see, because the "
+#| "publishers exploit the authors terribly. When you ask the publishers' "
+#| "representatives about this, they say, “Well, yes, if an author or "
+#| "if a band doesn't want to go through us, they shouldn't be legally "
+#| "required to go through us.” But, in fact, they're doing their "
+#| "utmost to set it up so that will not be feasible. For instance, they're "
+#| "proposing restricted copying media formats and in order to publish in "
+#| "these formats, you'll have to go through the big publishers because they "
+#| "won't tell anyone else how to do it. So they're hoping for a world where "
+#| "the players will play these formats, and in order to get anything that "
+#| "you can play on those players, it'll have to come through the "
+#| "publishers. So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a "
+#| "musician publishing directly, it won't be feasible. There's also the "
+#| "lure of maybe hitting it rich. They say, “We'll publicize you and "
+#| "maybe you'll hit it as rich as the Beatles.” Take your pick of some "
+#| "very successful group and, of course, only a tiny fraction of musicians "
+#| "are going to have that happen. But they may be drawn by that into "
+#| "signing contracts that will lock them down forever."
msgid ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not. I hope it won't, you see, because the "
"publishers exploit the authors terribly. When you ask the publishers' "
@@ -1935,13 +2213,7 @@
"to go through the big publishers because they won't tell anyone else how to "
"do it. So they're hoping for a world where the players will play these "
"formats, and in order to get anything that you can play on those players, "
-"it'll have to come through the publishers. So, in fact, while there's no "
-"law against an author or a musician publishing directly, it won't be "
-"feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it rich. They say, “"
-"We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich as the Beatles.” "
-"Take your pick of some very successful group and, of course, only a tiny "
-"fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. But they may be drawn "
-"by that into signing contracts that will lock them down forever."
+"it'll have to come through the publishers."
msgstr ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>: BineînÈeles. Sper sÄ nu-l implice, vedeÈi, pentru cÄ "
"editorii îi exploateazÄ teribil pe autori. Când îi întrebi despre
aceasta pe "
@@ -1962,6 +2234,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a musician publishing "
+"directly, it won't be feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it "
+"rich. They say, “We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich "
+"as the Beatles.” Take your pick of some very successful group and, of "
+"course, only a tiny fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. "
+"But they may be drawn by that into signing contracts that will lock them "
+"down forever."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Publishers tend to be very bad at respecting their contracts with authors. "
"For instance, book contracts typically have said that if a book goes out of "
"print, the rights revert to the author, and publishers have generally not "
@@ -2041,6 +2324,28 @@
"economice pentru ca aceste lucrÄri funcÈionale sÄ fie dezvoltate?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, what we see is, first of all, that this economic "
+"incentive is a lot less necessary than people have been supposing. Look at "
+"the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time volunteers "
+"developing free software. We also see that there are other ways to raise "
+"money for this which are not based on stopping the public from copying and "
+"modifying these works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That's the interesting lesson of the free software movement. Aside from the "
+"fact that it gives you a way you can use a computer and keep your freedom to "
+"share and cooperate with other people, it also shows us that this negative "
+"assumption that people would never do these things unless they are given "
+"special powers to force people to pay them is simply wrong. A lot of people "
+"will do these things. Then if you look at, say, the writing of monographs "
+"which serve as textbooks in many fields of science except for the ones that "
+"are very basic, the authors are not making money out of that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, what we see is, first of all, that this economic "
@@ -2070,31 +2375,18 @@
#| "in all these areas of functional work, we don't need that economic "
#| "incentive to the point where we have to mess up the use of these works."
msgid ""
-"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, what we see is, first of all, that this economic "
-"incentive is a lot less necessary than people have been supposing. Look at "
-"the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time volunteers "
-"developing free software. We also see that there are other ways to raise "
-"money for this which are not based on stopping the public from copying and "
-"modifying these works. That's the interesting lesson of the free software "
-"movement. Aside from the fact that it gives you a way you can use a "
-"computer and keep your freedom to share and cooperate with other people, it "
-"also shows us that this negative assumption that people would never do these "
-"things unless they are given special powers to force people to pay them is "
-"simply wrong. A lot of people will do these things. Then if you look at, "
-"say, the writing of monographs which serve as textbooks in many fields of "
-"science except for the ones that are very basic, the authors are not making "
-"money out of that. We now have a free encyclopedia project which is, in "
-"fact, a commercial-free encyclopedia project, and it's making progress. We "
-"had a project for a GNU encyclopedia but we merged it into the commercial "
-"project when they adopted our license. In January, they switched to the GNU "
-"Free Documentation License for all the articles in their encyclopedia. So "
-"we said, “Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to "
-"contribute to them.” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can "
-"find a link to it, if you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So here "
-"we've extended the community development of a free base of useful knowledge "
-"from software to encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these "
-"areas of functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point "
-"where we have to mess up the use of these works."
+"We now have a free encyclopedia project which is, in fact, a commercial-free "
+"encyclopedia project, and it's making progress. We had a project for a GNU "
+"encyclopedia but we merged it into the commercial project when they adopted "
+"our license. In January, they switched to the GNU Free Documentation "
+"License for all the articles in their encyclopedia. So we said, “"
+"Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to contribute to them."
+"” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can find a link to it, if "
+"you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So here we've extended the "
+"community development of a free base of useful knowledge from software to "
+"encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these areas of "
+"functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point where we "
+"have to mess up the use of these works."
msgstr ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Ei bine, ce vedem este, întâi de toate, cÄ acest
stimulent "
"economic este mai puÈin necesar decât a presupus lumea. UitaÈi-vÄ la "
@@ -2228,17 +2520,44 @@
"be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, about what may occur in the "
"longer run. But, in the shorter term, struggles over the control of text "
"and images, over all forms of information are likely to be painful and "
-"extensive. For example, as a teacher of media, my access to images has been "
-"restricted in recent years in a way that had never been in place before. If "
-"I write an essay in which I want to use still images, even from films, they "
-"are much harder to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use "
-"those still images are much higher — even when I make arguments about "
-"intellectual inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use.” "
-"So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the longer-term "
-"prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in the "
-"shorter term. But in any case, we need to understand the whole of our "
-"contemporary experience as a renewed version of a struggle over the control "
-"of technological resources that is a recurring principle of Western society."
+"extensive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>THORBURN</b>: One way to understand all of this discourse today, I "
+#| "think, is to recognize that whenever radical, potentially transforming "
+#| "technologies appear in society, there's a struggle over who controls "
+#| "them. We today are repeating what has happened in the past. So from "
+#| "this angle, there may not be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, "
+#| "about what may occur in the longer run. But, in the shorter term, "
+#| "struggles over the control of text and images, over all forms of "
+#| "information are likely to be painful and extensive. For example, as a "
+#| "teacher of media, my access to images has been restricted in recent years "
+#| "in a way that had never been in place before. If I write an essay in "
+#| "which I want to use still images, even from films, they are much harder "
+#| "to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use those still "
+#| "images are much higher — even when I make arguments about "
+#| "intellectual inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use."
+#| "” So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the longer-"
+#| "term prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in "
+#| "the shorter term. But in any case, we need to understand the whole of "
+#| "our contemporary experience as a renewed version of a struggle over the "
+#| "control of technological resources that is a recurring principle of "
+#| "Western society."
+msgid ""
+"For example, as a teacher of media, my access to images has been restricted "
+"in recent years in a way that had never been in place before. If I write an "
+"essay in which I want to use still images, even from films, they are much "
+"harder to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use those still "
+"images are much higher — even when I make arguments about intellectual "
+"inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use.” So I think, in "
+"this moment of extended transformation, the longer-term prospects may, in "
+"fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in the shorter term. But in "
+"any case, we need to understand the whole of our contemporary experience as "
+"a renewed version of a struggle over the control of technological resources "
+"that is a recurring principle of Western society."
msgstr ""
"<b>THORBURN</b>: Un mod de a interpreta discursul de astÄzi, cred, este sÄ "
"înÈelegem cÄ, oricând în societate apar tehnologii radicale Èi "
Index: philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po 10 Jun 2012 11:33:16
-0000 1.7
+++ philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37
-0000 1.8
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 07:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-05-16 16:41+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Tahir Emre Kalaycı <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Turkish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -556,6 +556,23 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public "
+#| "to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't "
+#| "exercise. Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if "
+#| "you have been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you "
+#| "were in the habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you "
+#| "discover a use for it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you "
+#| "do? You don't trade at all; you keep some. And that's what the public "
+#| "would naturally want to do. That's what the public does whenever it's "
+#| "given a chance to voice its preference; it keeps some of this freedom and "
+#| "exercises it. Napster is a big example of that, the public deciding to "
+#| "exercise the freedom to copy instead of giving it up. So the natural "
+#| "thing for us to do to make copyright law fit today's circumstances is to "
+#| "reduce the amount of copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce "
+#| "the amount of restriction that they place on the public and to increase "
+#| "the freedom that the public retains."
msgid ""
"And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public to "
"make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't exercise. "
@@ -563,7 +580,44 @@
"producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you were in the habit "
"of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you discover a use for it? You "
"can actually consume it, use it. What do you do? You don't trade at all; "
-"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do. "
+"you keep some. And that's what the public would naturally want to do."
+msgstr ""
+"Telif hakkı halkın yaptıÄı avantajlı bir alıÅveriÅti çünkü kamu, "
+"yaÅayamadıÄı özgürlükleri feda etmekteydi. Ancak Åimdi kamu bu
özgürlükleri "
+"yaÅayabilmektedir. Size hiçbir yararı olmayan bir yan ürün üretmekte "
+"olsaydınız ve bu ürünü satsaydınız ve daha sonra aniden, bu ürün
için bir "
+"kullanım alanı keÅfetseydiniz ne yapardınız? Gerçekte bu ürünü
harcayabilir, "
+"kullanabilirsiniz. Ne yaparsınız? Hepsini alıÅveriÅte kullanmazsınız; "
+"birazını elinizde tutarsınız. Ve halkın doÄal olarak yapmak istediÄi
Åey de "
+"budur. Tercihini duyurabilme Åansına sahip olduÄunda, halkın yaptıÄı
da "
+"budur; bu özgürlüÄün bir kısmını saklar ve bir kısmını da
kullanır. Napster "
+"buna iliÅkin büyük bir örnektir, kamu, vazgeçmek yerine kopyalama "
+"özgürlüÄünü uygulamaya karar vermiÅtir. Telif hakkı kanununun
günümüzün "
+"Åartlarına uyum saÄlamasını saÄlamak için yapacaÄımız en doÄal
Åey, telif "
+"hakkı sahiplerinin aldıÄı telif hakkı gücünü azaltmaktır: kamu
üzerine "
+"getirdikleri kısıtlamaların miktarını azaltmak ve halkın sahip olduÄu "
+"özgürlüÄü artırmaktır."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the public "
+#| "to make because the public was trading away freedoms it couldn't "
+#| "exercise. Well, now it can exercise these freedoms. What do you do if "
+#| "you have been producing a byproduct which was of no use to you and you "
+#| "were in the habit of trading it away and then, all of a sudden, you "
+#| "discover a use for it? You can actually consume it, use it. What do you "
+#| "do? You don't trade at all; you keep some. And that's what the public "
+#| "would naturally want to do. That's what the public does whenever it's "
+#| "given a chance to voice its preference; it keeps some of this freedom and "
+#| "exercises it. Napster is a big example of that, the public deciding to "
+#| "exercise the freedom to copy instead of giving it up. So the natural "
+#| "thing for us to do to make copyright law fit today's circumstances is to "
+#| "reduce the amount of copyright power that copyright owners get, to reduce "
+#| "the amount of restriction that they place on the public and to increase "
+#| "the freedom that the public retains."
+msgid ""
"That's what the public does whenever it's given a chance to voice its "
"preference; it keeps some of this freedom and exercises it. Napster is a "
"big example of that, the public deciding to exercise the freedom to copy "
@@ -1035,6 +1089,26 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S. "
+#| "has sufficient power to force them to go against their interests. "
+#| "Actually, it's a mistake to speak of the interests of countries in this "
+#| "context. In fact, I'm sure that most of you have heard about the fallacy "
+#| "of trying to judge the public interest by adding up everybody's wealth. "
+#| "If working Americans lost $1 billion and Bill Gates gained $2 billion, "
+#| "would Americans generally be better off? Would this be good for America? "
+#| "Or if you look only at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this "
+#| "example really shows that the total is the wrong way to judge because "
+#| "Bill Gates really doesn't need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 "
+#| "billion by other people who don't have as much to start with might be "
+#| "painful. Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when "
+#| "you hear people talk about the interests of this country or that country, "
+#| "what they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's "
+#| "income. The rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's "
+#| "actually an excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the "
+#| "effect on the distribution of wealth within the country and whether the "
+#| "treaty is going to make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S."
msgid ""
"The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S. has "
"sufficient power to force them to go against their interests. Actually, "
@@ -1046,14 +1120,7 @@
"at the total, it looks like it's good. However, this example really shows "
"that the total is the wrong way to judge because Bill Gates really doesn't "
"need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 billion by other people who "
-"don't have as much to start with might be painful. Well, in a discussion "
-"about any of these trade treaties, when you hear people talk about the "
-"interests of this country or that country, what they're doing, within each "
-"country, is adding up everybody's income. The rich people and the poor "
-"people are being added up. So it's actually an excuse to apply that same "
-"fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the distribution of wealth within "
-"the country and whether the treaty is going to make that more uneven, as it "
-"has done in the U.S."
+"don't have as much to start with might be painful."
msgstr ""
"Aynı mantık bugün geliÅmekte olan ülkeler için de geçerlidir ancak
A.B.D. bu "
"ülkeleri kendi çıkarlarının aksine hareket etmeleri için zorlayacak
yeterli "
@@ -1074,6 +1141,17 @@
"daÄılıma etkisini ve bu anlaÅmanın bunu A.B.D.âde olduÄu gibi daha da
kötüye "
"götürüp götürmeyeceÄini görmezken gelmek için bir bahanedir. "
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when you hear "
+"people talk about the interests of this country or that country, what "
+"they're doing, within each country, is adding up everybody's income. The "
+"rich people and the poor people are being added up. So it's actually an "
+"excuse to apply that same fallacy to get you to ignore the effect on the "
+"distribution of wealth within the country and whether the treaty is going to "
+"make that more uneven, as it has done in the U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -1090,6 +1168,22 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright "
+#| "stated, for instance in the U.S. Constitution, the goal of promoting "
+#| "progress, what would be intelligent policies to use in the age of the "
+#| "computer network? Clearly, instead of increasing copyright powers, we "
+#| "have to pull them back so as to give the general public a certain domain "
+#| "of freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, "
+#| "make use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's "
+#| "an interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily "
+#| "abolish copyright totally. The idea of trading some freedoms for more "
+#| "progress might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if "
+#| "traditional copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think "
+#| "about this intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, "
+#| "there's no reason to make it totally uniform. There's no reason to "
+#| "insist on making the same deal for all kinds of work."
msgid ""
"But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright "
"stated, for instance in the U.S. Constitution, the goal of promoting "
@@ -1099,12 +1193,7 @@
"freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, make "
"use of their computer networks. But how far should that go? That's an "
"interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily abolish "
-"copyright totally. The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress "
-"might still be an advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional "
-"copyright gives up too much freedom. But in order to think about this "
-"intelligently, the first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to "
-"make it totally uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same "
-"deal for all kinds of work."
+"copyright totally."
msgstr ""
"Ama bunu yapmanın ne anlamı vardır? Ä°fade edildiÄi Åekliyle telif
hakkının "
"amacına inanıyorsak, örneÄin, A.B.D. Anayasasında, ilerlemenin
desteklenmesi "
@@ -1121,6 +1210,16 @@
"çalıÅma tipleri için, aynı pazarlıÄın yapılması üzerinde ısrar
etmek için "
"bir neden yoktur. "
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of trading some freedoms for more progress might still be an "
+"advantageous trade at a certain level, even if traditional copyright gives "
+"up too much freedom. But in order to think about this intelligently, the "
+"first thing we have to recognize is, there's no reason to make it totally "
+"uniform. There's no reason to insist on making the same deal for all kinds "
+"of work."
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -1172,6 +1271,25 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, "
+#| "reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these "
+#| "functional works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as "
+#| "they are for software and the same conclusions apply. People should have "
+#| "the freedom even to publish a modified version because it's very useful "
+#| "to modify functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I "
+#| "wrote this work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you "
+#| "want to do may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to "
+#| "do what's good for you. At that point, there may be other people who "
+#| "have similar needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for "
+#| "them. Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of "
+#| "years. It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other "
+#| "people, and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the "
+#| "recipe and cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might "
+#| "ask you, “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write "
+#| "down your version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing "
+#| "that we much later started doing in the free-software community."
msgid ""
"This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, reference "
"works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these functional works, "
@@ -1180,9 +1298,51 @@
"publish a modified version because it's very useful to modify functional "
"works. People's needs are not all the same. If I wrote this work to do the "
"job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you want to do may be somewhat "
-"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you. At "
-"that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, and "
-"your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
+"different. So you want to modify this work to do what's good for you."
+msgstr ""
+"Bu, reçeteleri, bilgisayar programlarını, klavuzları ve kitapları,
sözlük ve "
+"ansiklopedi gibi referans çalıÅmaları içermektedir. Tüm bu fonksiyonel "
+"çalıÅmalar için meselenin, yazılım için olanlarla aynı olduÄuna ve
aynı "
+"sonuçların geçerli olduÄuna inanmaktayım. Ä°nsanlar, deÄiÅtirilmiÅ
bir "
+"sürümün yayınlanması için bile özgürlüÄe sahip olmalıdır çünkü
fonksiyonel "
+"çalıÅmaların deÄiÅtirilmesi çok yararlıdır. Ä°nsanların
ihtiyaçları her zaman "
+"aynı deÄildir. Bu kitabı, yapılması gereken bir iÅi yapmak için
yazarsam, "
+"yapmak istediÄiniz bir iÅe iliÅkin fikriniz farklı olabilir. Böylece
sizin "
+"için iyi olanı yapmak için bu çalıÅmayı deÄiÅtirmek istersiniz. Bu
noktada, "
+"sizinkilere benzer ihtiyaçları olan baÅka insanlar olabilir ve
deÄiÅtirilmiÅ "
+"sürümünuz onlar için yararlı olabilir. Yemek piÅirmeyi bilen herkes
bunu "
+"bilmektedir ve yüzlerce yıldır bunu bilmektedir. Yemek tariflerinin "
+"kopyalarının hazırlanması ve bunların baÅka insanlara sunulması
normaldir ve "
+"bir yemek tarifinin deÄiÅtirilmesi de normaldir. Yemek tarifini
deÄiÅtirir "
+"ve arkadaÅlarınız için yemek piÅirirseniz ve yemekten zevk alırlarsa,
size "
+"âYemeÄin tarifini verir misin?â diye sorarlar. O zaman sürümünuzu
yazıp "
+"arkadaÅlarınıza kopyaları verebilirsiniz. Bu, özgür yazılım
topluluÄunda "
+"yaptıÄımız Åeyin aynısıdır. "
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This includes recipes, computer programs, manuals and textbooks, "
+#| "reference works like dictionaries and encyclopedias. For all these "
+#| "functional works, I believe that the issues are basically the same as "
+#| "they are for software and the same conclusions apply. People should have "
+#| "the freedom even to publish a modified version because it's very useful "
+#| "to modify functional works. People's needs are not all the same. If I "
+#| "wrote this work to do the job I think needs doing, your idea as a job you "
+#| "want to do may be somewhat different. So you want to modify this work to "
+#| "do what's good for you. At that point, there may be other people who "
+#| "have similar needs to yours, and your modified version might be good for "
+#| "them. Everybody who cooks knows this and has known this for hundreds of "
+#| "years. It's normal to make copies of recipes and hand them out to other "
+#| "people, and it's also normal to change a recipe. If you change the "
+#| "recipe and cook it for your friends and they like eating it, they might "
+#| "ask you, “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write "
+#| "down your version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing "
+#| "that we much later started doing in the free-software community."
+msgid ""
+"At that point, there may be other people who have similar needs to yours, "
+"and your modified version might be good for them. Everybody who cooks knows "
"this and has known this for hundreds of years. It's normal to make copies "
"of recipes and hand them out to other people, and it's also normal to change "
"a recipe. If you change the recipe and cook it for your friends and they "
@@ -1280,6 +1440,27 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where the "
+#| "most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the work. Now "
+#| "for these works, the issue of modification is a very difficult one "
+#| "because on the one hand, there is the idea that these works reflect the "
+#| "vision of an artist and to change them is to mess up that vision. On the "
+#| "other hand, you have the fact that there is the folk process, where a "
+#| "sequence of people modifying a work can sometimes produce a result that "
+#| "is extremely rich. Even when you have artists' producing the works, "
+#| "borrowing from previous works is often very useful. Some of "
+#| "Shakespeare's plays used a story that was taken from some other play. If "
+#| "today's copyright laws had been in effect back then, those plays would "
+#| "have been illegal. So it's a hard question what we should do about "
+#| "publishing modified versions of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we "
+#| "might have to look for further subdivisions of the category in order to "
+#| "solve this problem. For example, maybe computer game scenarios should be "
+#| "treated one way; maybe everybody should be free to publish modified "
+#| "versions of them. But perhaps a novel should be treated differently; "
+#| "perhaps for that, commercial publication should require an arrangement "
+#| "with the original author."
msgid ""
"The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where the "
"most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the work. Now for "
@@ -1291,14 +1472,7 @@
"Even when you have artists' producing the works, borrowing from previous "
"works is often very useful. Some of Shakespeare's plays used a story that "
"was taken from some other play. If today's copyright laws had been in "
-"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal. So it's a hard "
-"question what we should do about publishing modified versions of an "
-"aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
-"subdivisions of the category in order to solve this problem. For example, "
-"maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one way; maybe everybody "
-"should be free to publish modified versions of them. But perhaps a novel "
-"should be treated differently; perhaps for that, commercial publication "
-"should require an arrangement with the original author."
+"effect back then, those plays would have been illegal."
msgstr ""
"Ãçüncü iÅ kategorisi, estetik ya da eÄlence iÅleridir, burada en
önemli "
"Åey, çalıÅmanın incelenmesinin duyumsanmasıdır. Åimdi bu
çalıÅmalar için, "
@@ -1320,6 +1494,17 @@
"yüzden, ticari yayınlar, asıl yazarla bir düzenleme yapılmasını "
"gerektirmelidir. "
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So it's a hard question what we should do about publishing modified versions "
+"of an aesthetic or an artistic work, and we might have to look for further "
+"subdivisions of the category in order to solve this problem. For example, "
+"maybe computer game scenarios should be treated one way; maybe everybody "
+"should be free to publish modified versions of them. But perhaps a novel "
+"should be treated differently; perhaps for that, commercial publication "
+"should require an arrangement with the original author."
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -1337,13 +1522,33 @@
"saÄlayacaktır Bu nedenle bu, nu tip iÅlerde bulunan insanlara iltifatta "
"bulunulduÄu bir durummuÅ gibi mantıklı bir uzlaÅma olabilir."
-# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will have "
"fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can envision "
"another way for the authors to get money for their work. Imagine that we "
-"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work. "
+"have a digital cash system that enables you to get money for your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we look ahead to the time when the age of the computer networks will "
+#| "have fully begun, when we're past this transitional stage, we can "
+#| "envision another way for the authors to get money for their work. "
+#| "Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to get money "
+#| "for your work. Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables "
+#| "you to send somebody else money through the Internet; this can be done in "
+#| "various ways using encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim "
+#| "copying of all these aesthetic works is permitted. But they're written "
+#| "in such a way that when you are playing one or reading one or watching "
+#| "one, a box appears on the side of your screen that says, “Click "
+#| "here to send a dollar to the author,” or the musician or whatever. "
+#| "And it just sits there; it doesn't get in your way; it's on the side. It "
+#| "doesn't interfere with you, but it's there, reminding you that it's a "
+#| "good thing to support the writers and the musicians."
+msgid ""
"Imagine that we have a digital cash system that enables you to send somebody "
"else money through the Internet; this can be done in various ways using "
"encryption, for instance. And imagine that verbatim copying of all these "
@@ -1526,6 +1731,23 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention "
+#| "that tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning "
+#| "of a summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to "
+#| "try to extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big "
+#| "protest is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being "
+#| "used to smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from "
+#| "entering Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to "
+#| "enter through at any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been "
+#| "built around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep "
+#| "protesters out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used "
+#| "against public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy "
+#| "remains to us after government powers have been taken away from "
+#| "democratically elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected "
+#| "international bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the "
+#| "suppression of public protest against it."
msgid ""
"So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention that "
"tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning of a "
@@ -1534,13 +1756,50 @@
"being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being used to smash "
"this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from entering Canada "
"through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to enter through at "
-"any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the "
-"center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters out. We've "
-"seen a large number of different dirty tricks used against public protest "
-"against these treaties. So whatever democracy remains to us after "
-"government powers have been taken away from democratically elected governors "
-"and given to businesses and to unelected international bodies, whatever is "
-"left after that may not survive the suppression of public protest against it."
+"any time."
+msgstr ""
+"Böylece söylemek istediÄim Åeylerin çoÄunu söylemiÅ olduÄumu
düÅünüyorum. "
+"Yarın Kanadaâda \"Hasta Günü\" Televizyon Programı var. Yarın, Amerika
Ãzgür "
+"Ticaret bölgesini yeni ülkelere geniÅletme çalıÅmalarını
nihayetlendirmek "
+"için yapılan zirvenin ilk günü. ve Quebec'de büyük bir protesto
planmakta. "
+"Bu protestoları engellemek için olaÄanüstü yöntemlerin metotların "
+"kullanılmakta olduÄunu gördük. Birçok Amerikalı normal zamanda
girmelerine "
+"izin verildiÄi sınırdan Kanadaâya giremez hale geldi. Protestocuları "
+"dıÅarıda tutmak için Quebecâin merkezi etrafında büyük bir kale
olarak "
+"kullanılmak üzere bir duvar inÅa edildi. Bu anlaÅmalara karÅın halkın "
+"protestosuna karÅı çok sayıda farklı kirli oyun gördük. Hükümetin
sahip "
+"olduÄu güçlerin, demokratik bir biçimde seçilmiÅ olan yöneticilerden
alınıp "
+"Åirket sahiplerine ve atanmıŠuluslararası kurumlara verildikten sonra
bize "
+"kalan demokrasi her neyse, buna karÅı olan halk protestosunun baskısından
"
+"arta kalan da odur. "
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I think I've said most of what I want to say. I'd like to mention "
+#| "that tomorrow is Phone-In Sick Day in Canada. Tomorrow is the beginning "
+#| "of a summit to finish negotiating the free trade area of the Americas to "
+#| "try to extend corporate power throughout additional countries, and a big "
+#| "protest is being planned for Quebec. We've seen extreme methods being "
+#| "used to smash this protest. A lot of Americans are being blocked from "
+#| "entering Canada through the border that they're supposed to be allowed to "
+#| "enter through at any time. On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been "
+#| "built around the center of Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep "
+#| "protesters out. We've seen a large number of different dirty tricks used "
+#| "against public protest against these treaties. So whatever democracy "
+#| "remains to us after government powers have been taken away from "
+#| "democratically elected governors and given to businesses and to unelected "
+#| "international bodies, whatever is left after that may not survive the "
+#| "suppression of public protest against it."
+msgid ""
+"On the flimsiest of excuses, a wall has been built around the center of "
+"Quebec to be used as a fortress to keep protesters out. We've seen a large "
+"number of different dirty tricks used against public protest against these "
+"treaties. So whatever democracy remains to us after government powers have "
+"been taken away from democratically elected governors and given to "
+"businesses and to unelected international bodies, whatever is left after "
+"that may not survive the suppression of public protest against it."
msgstr ""
"Böylece söylemek istediÄim Åeylerin çoÄunu söylemiÅ olduÄumu
düÅünüyorum. "
"Yarın Kanadaâda \"Hasta Günü\" Televizyon Programı var. Yarın, Amerika
Ãzgür "
@@ -2042,6 +2301,26 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not. I hope it won't, you see, because the "
+#| "publishers exploit the authors terribly. When you ask the publishers' "
+#| "representatives about this, they say, “Well, yes, if an author or "
+#| "if a band doesn't want to go through us, they shouldn't be legally "
+#| "required to go through us.” But, in fact, they're doing their "
+#| "utmost to set it up so that will not be feasible. For instance, they're "
+#| "proposing restricted copying media formats and in order to publish in "
+#| "these formats, you'll have to go through the big publishers because they "
+#| "won't tell anyone else how to do it. So they're hoping for a world where "
+#| "the players will play these formats, and in order to get anything that "
+#| "you can play on those players, it'll have to come through the "
+#| "publishers. So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a "
+#| "musician publishing directly, it won't be feasible. There's also the "
+#| "lure of maybe hitting it rich. They say, “We'll publicize you and "
+#| "maybe you'll hit it as rich as the Beatles.” Take your pick of some "
+#| "very successful group and, of course, only a tiny fraction of musicians "
+#| "are going to have that happen. But they may be drawn by that into "
+#| "signing contracts that will lock them down forever."
msgid ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not. I hope it won't, you see, because the "
"publishers exploit the authors terribly. When you ask the publishers' "
@@ -2053,13 +2332,7 @@
"to go through the big publishers because they won't tell anyone else how to "
"do it. So they're hoping for a world where the players will play these "
"formats, and in order to get anything that you can play on those players, "
-"it'll have to come through the publishers. So, in fact, while there's no "
-"law against an author or a musician publishing directly, it won't be "
-"feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it rich. They say, “"
-"We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich as the Beatles.” "
-"Take your pick of some very successful group and, of course, only a tiny "
-"fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. But they may be drawn "
-"by that into signing contracts that will lock them down forever."
+"it'll have to come through the publishers."
msgstr ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Kesinlikle hayır. Umarım ki öyle olmaz çünkü
görüyorsunuz "
"ki yayıncılar yazarları çok kötü bir Åekilde sömürmektedir.
Yayıncıların "
@@ -2078,6 +2351,17 @@
"çok az sayıda müzisyen bu Åansı yakalamaktadır. Ancak bu durum
sanatçıları "
"çeker ve kendilerini ömür boyu baÄlayan anlaÅmalara imza atarlar."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a musician publishing "
+"directly, it won't be feasible. There's also the lure of maybe hitting it "
+"rich. They say, “We'll publicize you and maybe you'll hit it as rich "
+"as the Beatles.” Take your pick of some very successful group and, of "
+"course, only a tiny fraction of musicians are going to have that happen. "
+"But they may be drawn by that into signing contracts that will lock them "
+"down forever."
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -2164,6 +2448,28 @@
"çalıÅmaları geliÅtirmek için gerekli ekonomik güdülere iliÅkin
ihtiyaçla "
"nasıl dengeliyorsunuz?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, what we see is, first of all, that this economic "
+"incentive is a lot less necessary than people have been supposing. Look at "
+"the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time volunteers "
+"developing free software. We also see that there are other ways to raise "
+"money for this which are not based on stopping the public from copying and "
+"modifying these works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That's the interesting lesson of the free software movement. Aside from the "
+"fact that it gives you a way you can use a computer and keep your freedom to "
+"share and cooperate with other people, it also shows us that this negative "
+"assumption that people would never do these things unless they are given "
+"special powers to force people to pay them is simply wrong. A lot of people "
+"will do these things. Then if you look at, say, the writing of monographs "
+"which serve as textbooks in many fields of science except for the ones that "
+"are very basic, the authors are not making money out of that."
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
@@ -2195,31 +2501,18 @@
#| "in all these areas of functional work, we don't need that economic "
#| "incentive to the point where we have to mess up the use of these works."
msgid ""
-"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, what we see is, first of all, that this economic "
-"incentive is a lot less necessary than people have been supposing. Look at "
-"the free software movement where we have over 100,000 part-time volunteers "
-"developing free software. We also see that there are other ways to raise "
-"money for this which are not based on stopping the public from copying and "
-"modifying these works. That's the interesting lesson of the free software "
-"movement. Aside from the fact that it gives you a way you can use a "
-"computer and keep your freedom to share and cooperate with other people, it "
-"also shows us that this negative assumption that people would never do these "
-"things unless they are given special powers to force people to pay them is "
-"simply wrong. A lot of people will do these things. Then if you look at, "
-"say, the writing of monographs which serve as textbooks in many fields of "
-"science except for the ones that are very basic, the authors are not making "
-"money out of that. We now have a free encyclopedia project which is, in "
-"fact, a commercial-free encyclopedia project, and it's making progress. We "
-"had a project for a GNU encyclopedia but we merged it into the commercial "
-"project when they adopted our license. In January, they switched to the GNU "
-"Free Documentation License for all the articles in their encyclopedia. So "
-"we said, “Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to "
-"contribute to them.” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can "
-"find a link to it, if you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So here "
-"we've extended the community development of a free base of useful knowledge "
-"from software to encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these "
-"areas of functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point "
-"where we have to mess up the use of these works."
+"We now have a free encyclopedia project which is, in fact, a commercial-free "
+"encyclopedia project, and it's making progress. We had a project for a GNU "
+"encyclopedia but we merged it into the commercial project when they adopted "
+"our license. In January, they switched to the GNU Free Documentation "
+"License for all the articles in their encyclopedia. So we said, “"
+"Well, let's join forces with them and urge people to contribute to them."
+"” It's called “Nupedia,” and you can find a link to it, if "
+"you look at http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia. So here we've extended the "
+"community development of a free base of useful knowledge from software to "
+"encyclopedia. I'm pretty confident now that in all these areas of "
+"functional work, we don't need that economic incentive to the point where we "
+"have to mess up the use of these works."
msgstr ""
"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Her Åeyden önce bu ekonomik güdünün insanların "
"zannettiÄinden çok daha az gerekli olduÄunu görmekteyiz. Ãzgür
yazılım "
@@ -2354,7 +2647,6 @@
"fikriniz olduÄu için giderseniz, o zaman paradan iyi bir tasarruf "
"saÄlarsınız."
-# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"<b>THORBURN</b>: One way to understand all of this discourse today, I think, "
@@ -2364,17 +2656,45 @@
"be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, about what may occur in the "
"longer run. But, in the shorter term, struggles over the control of text "
"and images, over all forms of information are likely to be painful and "
-"extensive. For example, as a teacher of media, my access to images has been "
-"restricted in recent years in a way that had never been in place before. If "
-"I write an essay in which I want to use still images, even from films, they "
-"are much harder to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use "
-"those still images are much higher — even when I make arguments about "
-"intellectual inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use.” "
-"So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the longer-term "
-"prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in the "
-"shorter term. But in any case, we need to understand the whole of our "
-"contemporary experience as a renewed version of a struggle over the control "
-"of technological resources that is a recurring principle of Western society."
+"extensive."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>THORBURN</b>: One way to understand all of this discourse today, I "
+#| "think, is to recognize that whenever radical, potentially transforming "
+#| "technologies appear in society, there's a struggle over who controls "
+#| "them. We today are repeating what has happened in the past. So from "
+#| "this angle, there may not be a reason for despair, or even pessimism, "
+#| "about what may occur in the longer run. But, in the shorter term, "
+#| "struggles over the control of text and images, over all forms of "
+#| "information are likely to be painful and extensive. For example, as a "
+#| "teacher of media, my access to images has been restricted in recent years "
+#| "in a way that had never been in place before. If I write an essay in "
+#| "which I want to use still images, even from films, they are much harder "
+#| "to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use those still "
+#| "images are much higher — even when I make arguments about "
+#| "intellectual inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use."
+#| "” So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the longer-"
+#| "term prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in "
+#| "the shorter term. But in any case, we need to understand the whole of "
+#| "our contemporary experience as a renewed version of a struggle over the "
+#| "control of technological resources that is a recurring principle of "
+#| "Western society."
+msgid ""
+"For example, as a teacher of media, my access to images has been restricted "
+"in recent years in a way that had never been in place before. If I write an "
+"essay in which I want to use still images, even from films, they are much "
+"harder to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use those still "
+"images are much higher — even when I make arguments about intellectual "
+"inquiry and the the legal category of “fair use.” So I think, in "
+"this moment of extended transformation, the longer-term prospects may, in "
+"fact, not be as disturbing as what's happening in the shorter term. But in "
+"any case, we need to understand the whole of our contemporary experience as "
+"a renewed version of a struggle over the control of technological resources "
+"that is a recurring principle of Western society."
msgstr ""
"<b>THORBURN</b>: Zannediyorum ki bugün tüm bu konuÅmayı anlamanın bir
yolu, "
"toplumda her ne zaman radikal, potansiyel olarak dönüÅtürücü
teknolojiler "
Index: philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.fr.po 2 Sep 2012 07:56:08
-0000 1.18
+++ philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37
-0000 1.19
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-versus-community-2000.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:28-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-31 13:02+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
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"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -252,6 +253,55 @@
"considérablement diminué."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Now the idea of copyright developed along with the printing press. I
+# | think that there may be… I think I remember reading that Venice,
+# | which was a major centre of printing in the 1500s also had a kind of
+# | copyright but I can't find that: I couldn't find that reference again.
+# | But the system of copyright fitted in naturally with the printing press
+# | because it became rare for ordinary readers to make copies. It still
+# | happen. People who were very poor or very rich had handmade copies of
+# | books. The very rich people did this to show off their wealth: they had
+# | beautiful illuminated wealth to show that they could afford this. And
+# | poor people still sometimes copied books by hand because they couldn't
+# | afford printed copies. As the song goes “Time ain't money when all
+# | you got is time.” [-So some poor people copied books with a pen.
+# | But for the most part the books were all made on printing presses by
+# | publishers and copyright as a system fitted in very well with the
+# | technical system. For one thing it was painless for readers, because the
+# | readers weren't going to make copies anyway, except for the very rich ones
+# | who could presumably legitimise it, or the very poor ones who were making
+# | just individual copies and no one was going to go after them with lawyers.
+# | And the system was fairly easy to enforce again because there were only a
+# | small number of places where it had to be enforced: only the printing
+# | presses, and because of this it didn't require, it didn't involve, a
+# | struggle against the public. You didn't find just about everybody trying
+# | to copy books and being threatened with arrest for doing it.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now the idea of copyright developed along with the printing press. I "
+#| "think that there may be… I think I remember reading that Venice, "
+#| "which was a major centre of printing in the 1500s also had a kind of "
+#| "copyright but I can't find that: I couldn't find that reference again. "
+#| "But the system of copyright fitted in naturally with the printing press "
+#| "because it became rare for ordinary readers to make copies. It still "
+#| "happen. People who were very poor or very rich had handmade copies of "
+#| "books. The very rich people did this to show off their wealth: they had "
+#| "beautiful illuminated wealth to show that they could afford this. And "
+#| "poor people still sometimes copied books by hand because they couldn't "
+#| "afford printed copies. As the song goes “Time ain't money when all "
+#| "you got is time.” So some poor people copied books with a pen. But "
+#| "for the most part the books were all made on printing presses by "
+#| "publishers and copyright as a system fitted in very well with the "
+#| "technical system. For one thing it was painless for readers, because the "
+#| "readers weren't going to make copies anyway, except for the very rich "
+#| "ones who could presumably legitimise it, or the very poor ones who were "
+#| "making just individual copies and no one was going to go after them with "
+#| "lawyers. And the system was fairly easy to enforce again because there "
+#| "were only a small number of places where it had to be enforced: only the "
+#| "printing presses, and because of this it didn't require, it didn't "
+#| "involve, a struggle against the public. You didn't find just about "
+#| "everybody trying to copy books and being threatened with arrest for doing "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Now the idea of copyright developed along with the printing press. I think "
"that there may be… I think I remember reading that Venice, which was "
@@ -263,18 +313,98 @@
"this to show off their wealth: they had beautiful illuminated wealth to show "
"that they could afford this. And poor people still sometimes copied books "
"by hand because they couldn't afford printed copies. As the song goes "
-"“Time ain't money when all you got is time.” So some poor people "
-"copied books with a pen. But for the most part the books were all made on "
-"printing presses by publishers and copyright as a system fitted in very well "
-"with the technical system. For one thing it was painless for readers, "
-"because the readers weren't going to make copies anyway, except for the very "
-"rich ones who could presumably legitimise it, or the very poor ones who were "
-"making just individual copies and no one was going to go after them with "
-"lawyers. And the system was fairly easy to enforce again because there were "
-"only a small number of places where it had to be enforced: only the printing "
-"presses, and because of this it didn't require, it didn't involve, a "
-"struggle against the public. You didn't find just about everybody trying to "
-"copy books and being threatened with arrest for doing it."
+"“Time ain't money when all you got is time.”"
+msgstr ""
+"L'idée du copyright s'est développée avec la presse à imprimer. Je pense "
+"qu'il peut y avoir… Je me rappelle avoir lu, il me semble, que "
+"Venise, un centre important de l'impression au XVIe siècle, avait déjà une
"
+"sorte de copyright mais je ne peux pas… je n'ai pas pu retrouver la "
+"référence. Quoi qu'il en soit, le système du copyright s'accordait "
+"naturellement avec l'imprimerie parce c'était de plus en plus rare qu'un "
+"lecteur ordinaire fasse des copies. Cela arrivait encore, cependant ; les "
+"gens très pauvres ou très riches possédaient des copies manuscrites de "
+"livres. Les gens très riches voulaient étaler leur richesse : ils avaient "
+"des manuscrits magnifiquement enluminés pour montrer qu'ils pouvaient se les
"
+"offrir. Et les gens pauvres recopiaient encore parfois les livres à la main "
+"parce qu'ils ne pouvaient pas s'offrir d'exemplaires imprimés. Comme le dit "
+"la chanson, « le temps n'est pas de l'argent quand c'est tout ce que vous "
+"avez ». Ainsi certaines personnes pauvres recopiaient des livres à la
plume, "
+"mais pour la plupart les livres étaient fabriqués à la presse par des "
+"éditeurs. Le copyright en tant que système convenait bien à ce système "
+"technologique. D'une part c'était indolore pour les lecteurs parce que de "
+"toute façon ils ne faisaient plus de copies, sauf les gens très riches qui "
+"pouvaient vraisemblablement les légitimer, ou les très pauvres qui n'en "
+"faisaient qu'un exemplaire unique et que personne n'aurait poursuivi avec "
+"des avocats. D'autre part le système était assez facile à faire appliquer "
+"parce que, comme je vous l'ai dit, il n'y avait qu'un très petit nombre "
+"d'endroits où il devait être appliqué : uniquement les imprimeries. Cela
ne "
+"nécessitait donc pas, cela n'impliquait pas de lutte contre le public. On ne
"
+"voyait pas la presque totalité de la population essayer de copier des "
+"livres, et être menacée d'arrestation pour ça."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Now the idea of copyright developed along with the printing press. I
+# | think that there may be… I think I remember reading that Venice,
+# | which was a major centre of printing in the 1500s also had a kind of
+# | copyright but I can't find that: I couldn't find that reference again.
+# | But the system of copyright fitted in naturally with the printing press
+# | because it became rare for ordinary readers to make copies. It still
+# | happen. People who were very poor or very rich had handmade copies of
+# | books. The very rich people did this to show off their wealth: they had
+# | beautiful illuminated wealth to show that they could afford this. And
+# | poor people still sometimes copied books by hand because they couldn't
+# | afford printed copies. As the song goes “Time ain't money when all
+# | you got is time.”-]So some poor people copied books with a pen. But
+# | for the most part the books were all made on printing presses by
+# | publishers and copyright as a system fitted in very well with the
+# | technical system. For one thing it was painless for readers, because the
+# | readers weren't going to make copies anyway, except for the very rich ones
+# | who could presumably legitimise it, or the very poor ones who were making
+# | just individual copies and no one was going to go after them with lawyers.
+# | And the system was fairly easy to enforce again because there were only a
+# | small number of places where it had to be enforced: only the printing
+# | presses, and because of this it didn't require, it didn't involve, a
+# | struggle against the public. You didn't find just about everybody trying
+# | to copy books and being threatened with arrest for doing it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now the idea of copyright developed along with the printing press. I "
+#| "think that there may be… I think I remember reading that Venice, "
+#| "which was a major centre of printing in the 1500s also had a kind of "
+#| "copyright but I can't find that: I couldn't find that reference again. "
+#| "But the system of copyright fitted in naturally with the printing press "
+#| "because it became rare for ordinary readers to make copies. It still "
+#| "happen. People who were very poor or very rich had handmade copies of "
+#| "books. The very rich people did this to show off their wealth: they had "
+#| "beautiful illuminated wealth to show that they could afford this. And "
+#| "poor people still sometimes copied books by hand because they couldn't "
+#| "afford printed copies. As the song goes “Time ain't money when all "
+#| "you got is time.” So some poor people copied books with a pen. But "
+#| "for the most part the books were all made on printing presses by "
+#| "publishers and copyright as a system fitted in very well with the "
+#| "technical system. For one thing it was painless for readers, because the "
+#| "readers weren't going to make copies anyway, except for the very rich "
+#| "ones who could presumably legitimise it, or the very poor ones who were "
+#| "making just individual copies and no one was going to go after them with "
+#| "lawyers. And the system was fairly easy to enforce again because there "
+#| "were only a small number of places where it had to be enforced: only the "
+#| "printing presses, and because of this it didn't require, it didn't "
+#| "involve, a struggle against the public. You didn't find just about "
+#| "everybody trying to copy books and being threatened with arrest for doing "
+#| "it."
+msgid ""
+"So some poor people copied books with a pen. But for the most part the "
+"books were all made on printing presses by publishers and copyright as a "
+"system fitted in very well with the technical system. For one thing it was "
+"painless for readers, because the readers weren't going to make copies "
+"anyway, except for the very rich ones who could presumably legitimise it, or "
+"the very poor ones who were making just individual copies and no one was "
+"going to go after them with lawyers. And the system was fairly easy to "
+"enforce again because there were only a small number of places where it had "
+"to be enforced: only the printing presses, and because of this it didn't "
+"require, it didn't involve, a struggle against the public. You didn't find "
+"just about everybody trying to copy books and being threatened with arrest "
+"for doing it."
msgstr ""
"L'idée du copyright s'est développée avec la presse à imprimer. Je pense "
"qu'il peut y avoir… Je me rappelle avoir lu, il me semble, que "
@@ -533,6 +663,40 @@
msgstr "<em>[rires abondants]</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | at least not in our lifetime so you might as well, if someone's going to
+# | pay you to promise not to travel to another star, you might as well take
+# | the deal. But if I presented you with a starship, then you might not
+# | think that deal was such a good deal any more. When the thing you used to
+# | sell because it was useless, you discover a use for it, then you have to
+# | reconsider the desirability of those old deals that used to be
+# | advantageous. Typically in a such a situation you decide that “I'm
+# | not going to sell all of this any more; I'm going to keep some of it and
+# | use it.” [-So if you were giving up a freedom that you couldn't
+# | exercise and now you can exercise it, you probably want to start retaining
+# | the right to exercise it at least partially. You might still trade part
+# | of the freedom: and there are many alternatives of different bargains
+# | which trade parts of the freedom and keep other parts. So, precisely what
+# | you want to do requires thought, but in any case you want to reconsider
+# | the old bargain, and you probably want to sell less of what you sold in
+# | the past.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "at least not in our lifetime so you might as well, if someone's going to "
+#| "pay you to promise not to travel to another star, you might as well take "
+#| "the deal. But if I presented you with a starship, then you might not "
+#| "think that deal was such a good deal any more. When the thing you used "
+#| "to sell because it was useless, you discover a use for it, then you have "
+#| "to reconsider the desirability of those old deals that used to be "
+#| "advantageous. Typically in a such a situation you decide that “I'm "
+#| "not going to sell all of this any more; I'm going to keep some of it and "
+#| "use it.” So if you were giving up a freedom that you couldn't "
+#| "exercise and now you can exercise it, you probably want to start "
+#| "retaining the right to exercise it at least partially. You might still "
+#| "trade part of the freedom: and there are many alternatives of different "
+#| "bargains which trade parts of the freedom and keep other parts. So, "
+#| "precisely what you want to do requires thought, but in any case you want "
+#| "to reconsider the old bargain, and you probably want to sell less of what "
+#| "you sold in the past."
msgid ""
"at least not in our lifetime so you might as well, if someone's going to pay "
"you to promise not to travel to another star, you might as well take the "
@@ -541,14 +705,69 @@
"it was useless, you discover a use for it, then you have to reconsider the "
"desirability of those old deals that used to be advantageous. Typically in "
"a such a situation you decide that “I'm not going to sell all of this "
-"any more; I'm going to keep some of it and use it.” So if you were "
-"giving up a freedom that you couldn't exercise and now you can exercise it, "
-"you probably want to start retaining the right to exercise it at least "
-"partially. You might still trade part of the freedom: and there are many "
-"alternatives of different bargains which trade parts of the freedom and keep "
-"other parts. So, precisely what you want to do requires thought, but in any "
-"case you want to reconsider the old bargain, and you probably want to sell "
-"less of what you sold in the past."
+"any more; I'm going to keep some of it and use it.”"
+msgstr ""
+"du moins pas de votre vivant. Donc si quelqu'un vous paie pour que vous "
+"promettiez de ne pas voyager vers une autre étoile, vous pouvez très bien "
+"faire affaire. Mais si je vous offrais un astronef, vous pourriez ne plus "
+"penser que c'était une bonne affaire. Lorsque vous découvrez un usage à la
"
+"chose inutile que vous vous aviez l'habitude de vendre, alors vous devez "
+"remettre en question l'opportunité des anciennes transactions dont vous "
+"tiriez avantage. Typiquement dans une telle situation vous décidez : « Je
ne "
+"vais plus tout vendre de ce que j'ai. Je vais en garder une partie et m'en "
+"servir. » Si vous aviez l'habitude de troquer une liberté dont vous ne "
+"pouviez rien faire, mais qu'à présent vous pouvez l'exercer, vous aurez
sans "
+"doute envie de vous réserver au moins le droit de l'exercer partiellement. "
+"Vous pourriez encore négocier une partie de cette liberté : il y a de "
+"nombreuses alternatives, différentes transactions qui échangent une partie "
+"de la liberté tout en la maintenant sur d'autres plans. Ainsi, ce que vous "
+"voulez faire précisément exige une réflexion, mais dans tous les cas vous "
+"voudrez remettre en question l'ancienne transaction, et probablement vendre "
+"une quantité moindre de ce vous vendiez auparavant."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-at least not in our lifetime so you might as well, if someone's going to
+# | pay you to promise not to travel to another star, you might as well take
+# | the deal. But if I presented you with a starship, then you might not
+# | think that deal was such a good deal any more. When the thing you used to
+# | sell because it was useless, you discover a use for it, then you have to
+# | reconsider the desirability of those old deals that used to be
+# | advantageous. Typically in a such a situation you decide that “I'm
+# | not going to sell all of this any more; I'm going to keep some of it and
+# | use it.”-]So if you were giving up a freedom that you couldn't
+# | exercise and now you can exercise it, you probably want to start retaining
+# | the right to exercise it at least partially. You might still trade part
+# | of the freedom: and there are many alternatives of different bargains
+# | which trade parts of the freedom and keep other parts. So, precisely what
+# | you want to do requires thought, but in any case you want to reconsider
+# | the old bargain, and you probably want to sell less of what you sold in
+# | the past.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "at least not in our lifetime so you might as well, if someone's going to "
+#| "pay you to promise not to travel to another star, you might as well take "
+#| "the deal. But if I presented you with a starship, then you might not "
+#| "think that deal was such a good deal any more. When the thing you used "
+#| "to sell because it was useless, you discover a use for it, then you have "
+#| "to reconsider the desirability of those old deals that used to be "
+#| "advantageous. Typically in a such a situation you decide that “I'm "
+#| "not going to sell all of this any more; I'm going to keep some of it and "
+#| "use it.” So if you were giving up a freedom that you couldn't "
+#| "exercise and now you can exercise it, you probably want to start "
+#| "retaining the right to exercise it at least partially. You might still "
+#| "trade part of the freedom: and there are many alternatives of different "
+#| "bargains which trade parts of the freedom and keep other parts. So, "
+#| "precisely what you want to do requires thought, but in any case you want "
+#| "to reconsider the old bargain, and you probably want to sell less of what "
+#| "you sold in the past."
+msgid ""
+"So if you were giving up a freedom that you couldn't exercise and now you "
+"can exercise it, you probably want to start retaining the right to exercise "
+"it at least partially. You might still trade part of the freedom: and there "
+"are many alternatives of different bargains which trade parts of the freedom "
+"and keep other parts. So, precisely what you want to do requires thought, "
+"but in any case you want to reconsider the old bargain, and you probably "
+"want to sell less of what you sold in the past."
msgstr ""
"du moins pas de votre vivant. Donc si quelqu'un vous paie pour que vous "
"promettiez de ne pas voyager vers une autre étoile, vous pouvez très bien "
@@ -647,6 +866,45 @@
msgstr "Nouveaux types de copyright"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Now what are some of the changes we might want to make in copyright law in
+# | order to adapt it to the situation that the public finds itself in? Well
+# | the extreme change might be to abolish copyright law but that isn't the
+# | only possible choice. There are various situations in which we could
+# | reduce the power of copyright without abolishing it entirely because there
+# | are various different actions that can be done with a copyright and there
+# | are various situations in which you might do them, and each of those is an
+# | independent question. Should copyright cover this or not? In addition,
+# | there is a question of “How long?”. [-Copyright used to be
+# | much shorter in its period or duration, and it's been extended over and
+# | over again in the past fifty years or so and in fact in now appears that
+# | the owners of copyrights are planning to keep on extending copyrights so
+# | that they will never expire again. The US constitution says that
+# | “copyright must exist for a limited time” but the publishers
+# | have found a way around this: every twenty years they make copyright
+# | twenty years longer, and this way, no copyright will ever expire again.
+# | Now a thousand years from now, copyright might last for 1200 years, just
+# | basically enough so that copyright on Mickey Mouse can not expire.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now what are some of the changes we might want to make in copyright law "
+#| "in order to adapt it to the situation that the public finds itself in? "
+#| "Well the extreme change might be to abolish copyright law but that isn't "
+#| "the only possible choice. There are various situations in which we could "
+#| "reduce the power of copyright without abolishing it entirely because "
+#| "there are various different actions that can be done with a copyright and "
+#| "there are various situations in which you might do them, and each of "
+#| "those is an independent question. Should copyright cover this or not? In "
+#| "addition, there is a question of “How long?”. Copyright used "
+#| "to be much shorter in its period or duration, and it's been extended over "
+#| "and over again in the past fifty years or so and in fact in now appears "
+#| "that the owners of copyrights are planning to keep on extending "
+#| "copyrights so that they will never expire again. The US constitution "
+#| "says that “copyright must exist for a limited time” but the "
+#| "publishers have found a way around this: every twenty years they make "
+#| "copyright twenty years longer, and this way, no copyright will ever "
+#| "expire again. Now a thousand years from now, copyright might last for "
+#| "1200 years, just basically enough so that copyright on Mickey Mouse can "
+#| "not expire."
msgid ""
"Now what are some of the changes we might want to make in copyright law in "
"order to adapt it to the situation that the public finds itself in? Well the "
@@ -656,16 +914,78 @@
"different actions that can be done with a copyright and there are various "
"situations in which you might do them, and each of those is an independent "
"question. Should copyright cover this or not? In addition, there is a "
-"question of “How long?”. Copyright used to be much shorter in "
-"its period or duration, and it's been extended over and over again in the "
-"past fifty years or so and in fact in now appears that the owners of "
-"copyrights are planning to keep on extending copyrights so that they will "
-"never expire again. The US constitution says that “copyright must "
-"exist for a limited time” but the publishers have found a way around "
-"this: every twenty years they make copyright twenty years longer, and this "
-"way, no copyright will ever expire again. Now a thousand years from now, "
-"copyright might last for 1200 years, just basically enough so that copyright "
-"on Mickey Mouse can not expire."
+"question of “How long?”."
+msgstr ""
+"Voyons maintenant quels sont les changements que nous pourrions apporter à "
+"la loi sur le copyright pour l'adapter à la situation dans laquelle se "
+"trouve le public. Un changement radical pourrait être de la supprimer, mais "
+"ce n'est pas le seul choix possible. Il y a diverses situations dans "
+"lesquelles nous pourrions réduire la puissance du copyright sans le "
+"supprimer totalement, parce qu'il y a plusieurs actions différentes qu'on "
+"peut faire avec un copyright et il y a diverses situations dans lesquelles "
+"on peut les faire ; chacune d'entre elles est un sujet indépendant. Le "
+"copyright doit-il les couvrir ou non ? En outre, il y a la question de "
+"savoir pour combien de temps. Le copyright était à l'époque beaucoup plus "
+"court dans sa période ou sa durée, et il a été prolongé à plusieurs
reprises "
+"au cours des cinquante dernières années. Il apparaît maintenant que les "
+"détenteurs de copyright ont en fait pour projet de continuer à l'étendre "
+"jusqu'Ã ce qu'il n'expire plus jamais. La constitution des Ãtats-Unis dit "
+"que « le copyright doit exister pour un temps limité » mais les
éditeurs ont "
+"trouvé une manière de la contourner : tous les vingt ans ils le prolongent
"
+"de vingt ans, et de cette façon aucun copyright n'expirera plus jamais. Dans
"
+"mille ans, le copyright pourrait durer 1200 années, en fait juste assez pour
"
+"que le copyright sur Mickey ne puisse pas expirer."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Now what are some of the changes we might want to make in copyright law
+# | in order to adapt it to the situation that the public finds itself in?
+# | Well the extreme change might be to abolish copyright law but that isn't
+# | the only possible choice. There are various situations in which we could
+# | reduce the power of copyright without abolishing it entirely because there
+# | are various different actions that can be done with a copyright and there
+# | are various situations in which you might do them, and each of those is an
+# | independent question. Should copyright cover this or not? In addition,
+# | there is a question of “How long?”.-]Copyright used to be much
+# | shorter in its period or duration, and it's been extended over and over
+# | again in the past fifty years or so and in fact in now appears that the
+# | owners of copyrights are planning to keep on extending copyrights so that
+# | they will never expire again. The US constitution says that
+# | “copyright must exist for a limited time” but the publishers
+# | have found a way around this: every twenty years they make copyright
+# | twenty years longer, and this way, no copyright will ever expire again.
+# | Now a thousand years from now, copyright might last for 1200 years, just
+# | basically enough so that copyright on Mickey Mouse can not expire.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now what are some of the changes we might want to make in copyright law "
+#| "in order to adapt it to the situation that the public finds itself in? "
+#| "Well the extreme change might be to abolish copyright law but that isn't "
+#| "the only possible choice. There are various situations in which we could "
+#| "reduce the power of copyright without abolishing it entirely because "
+#| "there are various different actions that can be done with a copyright and "
+#| "there are various situations in which you might do them, and each of "
+#| "those is an independent question. Should copyright cover this or not? In "
+#| "addition, there is a question of “How long?”. Copyright used "
+#| "to be much shorter in its period or duration, and it's been extended over "
+#| "and over again in the past fifty years or so and in fact in now appears "
+#| "that the owners of copyrights are planning to keep on extending "
+#| "copyrights so that they will never expire again. The US constitution "
+#| "says that “copyright must exist for a limited time” but the "
+#| "publishers have found a way around this: every twenty years they make "
+#| "copyright twenty years longer, and this way, no copyright will ever "
+#| "expire again. Now a thousand years from now, copyright might last for "
+#| "1200 years, just basically enough so that copyright on Mickey Mouse can "
+#| "not expire."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright used to be much shorter in its period or duration, and it's been "
+"extended over and over again in the past fifty years or so and in fact in "
+"now appears that the owners of copyrights are planning to keep on extending "
+"copyrights so that they will never expire again. The US constitution says "
+"that “copyright must exist for a limited time” but the "
+"publishers have found a way around this: every twenty years they make "
+"copyright twenty years longer, and this way, no copyright will ever expire "
+"again. Now a thousand years from now, copyright might last for 1200 years, "
+"just basically enough so that copyright on Mickey Mouse can not expire."
msgstr ""
"Voyons maintenant quels sont les changements que nous pourrions apporter à "
"la loi sur le copyright pour l'adapter à la situation dans laquelle se "
@@ -739,51 +1059,32 @@
"things could be done either commercially or non-commercially. You know, you "
"could imagine a company handing out copies to its staff or you could imagine "
"a school doing it, or some private, non-profit organisation doing it. "
-"Different situations, and we don't have to treat them all the same. So one "
-"way in we could reclaim the… in general though, the activities that "
-"are the most private are those that are most crucial to our freedom and our "
-"way of life, whereas the most public and commercial are those that are most "
-"useful for providing some sort of income for authors so it's a natural "
+"Different situations, and we don't have to treat them all the same."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So one way in we could reclaim the… in general though, the activities "
+"that are the most private are those that are most crucial to our freedom and "
+"our way of life, whereas the most public and commercial are those that are "
+"most useful for providing some sort of income for authors so it's a natural "
"situation for a compromise in which the limits of copyright are put "
"somewhere in the middle so that a substantial part of the activity still is "
"covered and provides an income for authors, while the activities that are "
"most directly relevant to peoples' private lives become free again. And "
"this is the sort of thing that I propose doing with copyright for things "
-"such as novels and biographies and memoires and essays and so on. That at "
-"the very minimum, people should always have a right to share a copy with a "
-"friend. It's when governments have to prevent that kind of activity that "
-"they have to start intruding into everyone's lives and using harsh "
+"such as novels and biographies and memoires and essays and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That at the very minimum, people should always have a right to share a copy "
+"with a friend. It's when governments have to prevent that kind of activity "
+"that they have to start intruding into everyone's lives and using harsh "
"punishments. The only way basically to stop people in their private lives "
"from sharing is with a police state, but public commercial activities can be "
"regulated much more easily and much more painlessly."
msgstr ""
-"Examinons-en quelques-uns. Eh bien tout d'abord, il y a plusieurs contextes "
-"différents pour la copie. Il y a d'un côté la vente commerciale de copies "
-"dans des magasins, et de l'autre il y a la copie privée pour un ami de temps
"
-"Ã autre, et entre les deux il y a d'autres choses comme la radio- ou "
-"télédiffusion, la publication sur le web, la distribution collective dans "
-"une organisation, et toutes ces choses que l'on peut faire de façon "
-"commerciale ou non commerciale. Vous savez, vous pouvez imaginer une "
-"entreprise qui distribue des exemplaires à son personnel ou alors vous "
-"pouvez imaginer une école, ou quelque organisation privée non commerciale "
-"qui le fasse â différentes situations que nous n'avons pas à traiter
toutes "
-"de la même manière. Aussi la façon dont nous pourrions récupérer
le… "
-"En général, pourtant, les activités qui sont les plus privées sont les
plus "
-"importantes pour notre liberté et notre façon de vivre, tandis que les plus
"
-"publiques et commerciales sont les plus utiles pour procurer quelque revenu "
-"aux auteurs. C'est donc une situation naturelle de compromis dans lequel les "
-"limites du copyright se placent quelque part entre les deux, de sorte qu'une "
-"part substantielle de l'activité reste couverte et fournisse toujours un "
-"revenu aux auteurs, tandis que celle qui relève le plus directement de la "
-"vie privée des gens redevient libre. C'est ce genre de chose que je propose "
-"de faire lorsque le copyright s'applique à des romans, des biographies, des "
-"mémoires, des essais, etc. Qu'au strict minimum, les gens aient toujours le "
-"droit de partager une copie avec un ami. C'est quand les gouvernements "
-"doivent empêcher ce genre d'activités qu'ils sont obligés de s'introduire "
-"dans la vie privée des gens et user de punitions sévères. La seule façon "
-"d'empêcher les gens de partager dans leur vie privée c'est avec un état "
-"policier, mais les activités commerciales et publiques peuvent être "
-"réglementées de façon beaucoup plus facile et indolore."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -808,6 +1109,39 @@
"esthétiques."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Functional works include: computer software; recipes; textbooks;
+# | dictionaries and other reference works; anything that you use to get jobs
+# | done. For functional works I believe that people need very broad freedom,
+# | including the freedom to publish modified versions. So everything I am
+# | going to say tomorrow about computer software applies to other kinds of
+# | functional works in the same way. So, this criterion of free…
+# | because it necessary to have the freedom to publish a modified version
+# | this means we have to almost completely get rid of copyright but the free
+# | software movement is showing that the progress that society wants that is
+# | supposedly the justification for society having copyright can happen in
+# | other ways. [-We don't have to give up these important freedoms to have
+# | progress. Now the publishers are always asking us to presuppose that
+# | their there is no way to get progress without giving up our crucial
+# | freedoms and the most important thing I think about the free software
+# | movement is to show them that their pre-supposition is unjustified.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Functional works include: computer software; recipes; textbooks; "
+#| "dictionaries and other reference works; anything that you use to get jobs "
+#| "done. For functional works I believe that people need very broad "
+#| "freedom, including the freedom to publish modified versions. So "
+#| "everything I am going to say tomorrow about computer software applies to "
+#| "other kinds of functional works in the same way. So, this criterion of "
+#| "free… because it necessary to have the freedom to publish a "
+#| "modified version this means we have to almost completely get rid of "
+#| "copyright but the free software movement is showing that the progress "
+#| "that society wants that is supposedly the justification for society "
+#| "having copyright can happen in other ways. We don't have to give up "
+#| "these important freedoms to have progress. Now the publishers are always "
+#| "asking us to presuppose that their there is no way to get progress "
+#| "without giving up our crucial freedoms and the most important thing I "
+#| "think about the free software movement is to show them that their pre-"
+#| "supposition is unjustified."
msgid ""
"Functional works include: computer software; recipes; textbooks; "
"dictionaries and other reference works; anything that you use to get jobs "
@@ -819,11 +1153,7 @@
"means we have to almost completely get rid of copyright but the free "
"software movement is showing that the progress that society wants that is "
"supposedly the justification for society having copyright can happen in "
-"other ways. We don't have to give up these important freedoms to have "
-"progress. Now the publishers are always asking us to presuppose that their "
-"there is no way to get progress without giving up our crucial freedoms and "
-"the most important thing I think about the free software movement is to show "
-"them that their pre-supposition is unjustified."
+"other ways."
msgstr ""
"Les Åuvres fonctionnelles comprennent : les logiciels, les recettes, les "
"manuels, les dictionnaires et autres ouvrages de référence, tout ce que
vous "
@@ -844,25 +1174,81 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"We don't have to give up these important freedoms to have progress. Now the "
+"publishers are always asking us to presuppose that their there is no way to "
+"get progress without giving up our crucial freedoms and the most important "
+"thing I think about the free software movement is to show them that their "
+"pre-supposition is unjustified."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"I can't say I'm sure that in all of these areas we can't produce progress "
"without copyright restrictions stopping people, but what we've shown is that "
"we've got a chance: it's not a ridiculous idea. It shouldn't be dismissed. "
"The public should not suppose that the only way to get progress is to have "
"copyright but even for these kinds of works there can be some kinds of "
"compromise copyright systems that are consistent with giving people the "
-"freedom to publish modified versions. Look, for example, at the GNU free "
-"documentation license, which is used to make a book free. It allows anyone "
-"to make and sell copies of a modified version, but it requires giving credit "
-"in certain ways to the original authors and publishers in a way that can "
-"give them a commercial advantage and thus I believe make it possible to have "
-"commercial publishing of free textbooks, and if this works people are just "
-"beginning to try it commercially. The Free Software Foundation has been "
-"selling lots of copies of various free books for almost fifteen years now "
-"and it's been successful for us. At this point though, commercial "
-"publishers are just beginning to try this particular approach, but I think "
-"that even for functional works where the freedom to publish modified works "
-"is essential, some kind of compromise copyright system can be worked out, "
-"which permits everyone that freedom."
+"freedom to publish modified versions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-I can't say I'm sure that in all of these areas we can't produce
+# | progress without copyright restrictions stopping people, but what we've
+# | shown is that we've got a chance: it's not a ridiculous idea. It
+# | shouldn't be dismissed. The public should not suppose that the only way
+# | to get progress is to have copyright but even for these kinds of works
+# | there can be some kinds of compromise copyright systems that are
+# | consistent with giving people the freedom to publish modified
+# | versions.-]Look, for example, at the GNU free documentation license, which
+# | is used to make a book free. It allows anyone to make and sell copies of
+# | a modified version, but it requires giving credit in certain ways to the
+# | original authors and publishers in a way that can give them a commercial
+# | advantage and thus I believe make it possible to have commercial
+# | publishing of free textbooks, and if this works people are just beginning
+# | to try it commercially. The Free Software Foundation has been selling
+# | lots of copies of various free books for almost fifteen years now and it's
+# | been successful for us. At this point though, commercial publishers are
+# | just beginning to try this particular approach, but I think that even for
+# | functional works where the freedom to publish modified works is essential,
+# | some kind of compromise copyright system can be worked out, which permits
+# | everyone that freedom.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I can't say I'm sure that in all of these areas we can't produce progress "
+#| "without copyright restrictions stopping people, but what we've shown is "
+#| "that we've got a chance: it's not a ridiculous idea. It shouldn't be "
+#| "dismissed. The public should not suppose that the only way to get "
+#| "progress is to have copyright but even for these kinds of works there can "
+#| "be some kinds of compromise copyright systems that are consistent with "
+#| "giving people the freedom to publish modified versions. Look, for "
+#| "example, at the GNU free documentation license, which is used to make a "
+#| "book free. It allows anyone to make and sell copies of a modified "
+#| "version, but it requires giving credit in certain ways to the original "
+#| "authors and publishers in a way that can give them a commercial advantage "
+#| "and thus I believe make it possible to have commercial publishing of free "
+#| "textbooks, and if this works people are just beginning to try it "
+#| "commercially. The Free Software Foundation has been selling lots of "
+#| "copies of various free books for almost fifteen years now and it's been "
+#| "successful for us. At this point though, commercial publishers are just "
+#| "beginning to try this particular approach, but I think that even for "
+#| "functional works where the freedom to publish modified works is "
+#| "essential, some kind of compromise copyright system can be worked out, "
+#| "which permits everyone that freedom."
+msgid ""
+"Look, for example, at the GNU free documentation license, which is used to "
+"make a book free. It allows anyone to make and sell copies of a modified "
+"version, but it requires giving credit in certain ways to the original "
+"authors and publishers in a way that can give them a commercial advantage "
+"and thus I believe make it possible to have commercial publishing of free "
+"textbooks, and if this works people are just beginning to try it "
+"commercially. The Free Software Foundation has been selling lots of copies "
+"of various free books for almost fifteen years now and it's been successful "
+"for us. At this point though, commercial publishers are just beginning to "
+"try this particular approach, but I think that even for functional works "
+"where the freedom to publish modified works is essential, some kind of "
+"compromise copyright system can be worked out, which permits everyone that "
+"freedom."
msgstr ""
"Que dans tous ces domaines on puisse apporter le progrès sans stopper les "
"gens avec les restriction du copyright,<a id=\"TransNote2-rev\" href="
@@ -888,6 +1274,40 @@
"laisse à chacun cette liberté."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For other kinds of works, the ethical questions apply differently, because
+# | the works are used differently. The second category of works is works
+# | that express someone's positions or views or experiences. For example,
+# | essays, offers to do business with people, statements of one's legal
+# | position, memoirs, anything that says, whose point is to say what you
+# | think or you want or what you like. Book reviews and restaurant reviews
+# | are also in this category: it's expressing a personal opinion or position.
+# | [-Now for these kinds of works, making a modified version is not a useful
+# | thing to do. So I see no reason why people should need to have the
+# | freedom to publish modified versions of these works. Verbatim copying is
+# | the only thing that people need to have the freedom to do and because of
+# | this we can consider the idea that the freedom to distribute copies should
+# | only apply in some situations, for example if it were limited to
+# | non-commercial distribution that would be OK I think. Ordinary citizen's
+# | lives would no longer be restricted but publishers would still be covered
+# | by copyright for these things.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For other kinds of works, the ethical questions apply differently, "
+#| "because the works are used differently. The second category of works is "
+#| "works that express someone's positions or views or experiences. For "
+#| "example, essays, offers to do business with people, statements of one's "
+#| "legal position, memoirs, anything that says, whose point is to say what "
+#| "you think or you want or what you like. Book reviews and restaurant "
+#| "reviews are also in this category: it's expressing a personal opinion or "
+#| "position. Now for these kinds of works, making a modified version is not "
+#| "a useful thing to do. So I see no reason why people should need to have "
+#| "the freedom to publish modified versions of these works. Verbatim "
+#| "copying is the only thing that people need to have the freedom to do and "
+#| "because of this we can consider the idea that the freedom to distribute "
+#| "copies should only apply in some situations, for example if it were "
+#| "limited to non-commercial distribution that would be OK I think. "
+#| "Ordinary citizen's lives would no longer be restricted but publishers "
+#| "would still be covered by copyright for these things."
msgid ""
"For other kinds of works, the ethical questions apply differently, because "
"the works are used differently. The second category of works is works that "
@@ -895,15 +1315,71 @@
"offers to do business with people, statements of one's legal position, "
"memoirs, anything that says, whose point is to say what you think or you "
"want or what you like. Book reviews and restaurant reviews are also in this "
-"category: it's expressing a personal opinion or position. Now for these "
-"kinds of works, making a modified version is not a useful thing to do. So I "
-"see no reason why people should need to have the freedom to publish modified "
-"versions of these works. Verbatim copying is the only thing that people "
-"need to have the freedom to do and because of this we can consider the idea "
-"that the freedom to distribute copies should only apply in some situations, "
-"for example if it were limited to non-commercial distribution that would be "
-"OK I think. Ordinary citizen's lives would no longer be restricted but "
-"publishers would still be covered by copyright for these things."
+"category: it's expressing a personal opinion or position."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour les Åuvres des autres types, les questions d'éthique s'appliquent "
+"différemment, parce que ces Åuvres sont utilisées différemment. La
seconde "
+"catégorie est celle des Åuvres qui expriment la position de quelqu'un, ou "
+"ses points de vue, ou son expérience. Par exemple, essais, propositions "
+"commerciales, déclarations de point de vue juridique, mémoires, tout ce qui
"
+"dit â dont le sujet est de dire â ce que vous pensez, ce que vous
voulez ou "
+"ce que vous aimez. Les revues littéraires, les revues gastronomiques sont "
+"aussi dans cette catégorie : elles expriment une opinion personnelle, un "
+"point de vue. Pour ce type d'Åuvres, faire une version modifiée n'est pas "
+"utile. Aussi, je ne vois aucune raison que les gens aient la liberté de "
+"publier des versions modifiées de ces Åuvres. Il est suffisant que les gens
"
+"aient la liberté d'en faire une copie intégrale <cite>[verbatim]</cite>. "
+"C'est pourquoi nous pouvons envisager que la liberté de distribuer des "
+"copies ne s'applique que dans certaines situations. Par exemple, si c'était "
+"limité à la distribution non commerciale ce ne serait pas mal, je pense. La
"
+"vie des citoyens ordinaires ne serait plus affectée, mais les éditeurs "
+"seraient toujours soumis au copyright."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-For other kinds of works, the ethical questions apply differently,
+# | because the works are used differently. The second category of works is
+# | works that express someone's positions or views or experiences. For
+# | example, essays, offers to do business with people, statements of one's
+# | legal position, memoirs, anything that says, whose point is to say what
+# | you think or you want or what you like. Book reviews and restaurant
+# | reviews are also in this category: it's expressing a personal opinion or
+# | position.-]Now for these kinds of works, making a modified version is not
+# | a useful thing to do. So I see no reason why people should need to have
+# | the freedom to publish modified versions of these works. Verbatim copying
+# | is the only thing that people need to have the freedom to do and because
+# | of this we can consider the idea that the freedom to distribute copies
+# | should only apply in some situations, for example if it were limited to
+# | non-commercial distribution that would be OK I think. Ordinary citizen's
+# | lives would no longer be restricted but publishers would still be covered
+# | by copyright for these things.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For other kinds of works, the ethical questions apply differently, "
+#| "because the works are used differently. The second category of works is "
+#| "works that express someone's positions or views or experiences. For "
+#| "example, essays, offers to do business with people, statements of one's "
+#| "legal position, memoirs, anything that says, whose point is to say what "
+#| "you think or you want or what you like. Book reviews and restaurant "
+#| "reviews are also in this category: it's expressing a personal opinion or "
+#| "position. Now for these kinds of works, making a modified version is not "
+#| "a useful thing to do. So I see no reason why people should need to have "
+#| "the freedom to publish modified versions of these works. Verbatim "
+#| "copying is the only thing that people need to have the freedom to do and "
+#| "because of this we can consider the idea that the freedom to distribute "
+#| "copies should only apply in some situations, for example if it were "
+#| "limited to non-commercial distribution that would be OK I think. "
+#| "Ordinary citizen's lives would no longer be restricted but publishers "
+#| "would still be covered by copyright for these things."
+msgid ""
+"Now for these kinds of works, making a modified version is not a useful "
+"thing to do. So I see no reason why people should need to have the freedom "
+"to publish modified versions of these works. Verbatim copying is the only "
+"thing that people need to have the freedom to do and because of this we can "
+"consider the idea that the freedom to distribute copies should only apply in "
+"some situations, for example if it were limited to non-commercial "
+"distribution that would be OK I think. Ordinary citizen's lives would no "
+"longer be restricted but publishers would still be covered by copyright for "
+"these things."
msgstr ""
"Pour les Åuvres des autres types, les questions d'éthique s'appliquent "
"différemment, parce que ces Åuvres sont utilisées différemment. La
seconde "
@@ -1217,6 +1693,56 @@
msgstr "<strong>MA2</strong> : (Membre de l'assistance n° 2) Oui"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <strong>RMS</strong>: She started out by calling the record companies
+# | quote pirates unquotes because of the way they treat the musicians. In
+# | any case we can shorten copyright more or less. We could try various
+# | lengths, we could see, we could find out empirically what length of
+# | copyright is needed to keep publication vigourous. I would say that since
+# | almost books are out of print by ten years, clearly ten years should be
+# | long enough. But it doesn't have to be the same for every kind of work.
+# | For example, maybe some aspects of copyright for movies should last for
+# | longer, like the rights to sell all the paraphernalia with the pictures
+# | and characters on them. You know, that's so crassly commercial it hardly
+# | matters if that is limited to one company in most cases. Maybe the
+# | copyright on the movies themselves, maybe that's legitimate for that to
+# | last twenty years. [-Meanwhile for software, I suspect that a three year
+# | copyright would be enough. You see if each version of the programme
+# | remains copyrighted for three years after its release well, unless the
+# | company is in real bad trouble they should have a new version before those
+# | three years are up and there will be a lot of people who will want to use
+# | the newer version, so if older versions are all becoming free software
+# | automatically, the company would still have a business with the newer
+# | version. Now this is a compromise as I see it, because it is a system in
+# | which not all software is free, but it might be an acceptable compromise,
+# | after all, if we had to wait three years in some cases for programs to
+# | become free… well, that's no disaster. To be using three years old
+# | software is not a disaster.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>RMS</strong>: She started out by calling the record companies "
+#| "quote pirates unquotes because of the way they treat the musicians. In "
+#| "any case we can shorten copyright more or less. We could try various "
+#| "lengths, we could see, we could find out empirically what length of "
+#| "copyright is needed to keep publication vigourous. I would say that "
+#| "since almost books are out of print by ten years, clearly ten years "
+#| "should be long enough. But it doesn't have to be the same for every kind "
+#| "of work. For example, maybe some aspects of copyright for movies should "
+#| "last for longer, like the rights to sell all the paraphernalia with the "
+#| "pictures and characters on them. You know, that's so crassly commercial "
+#| "it hardly matters if that is limited to one company in most cases. Maybe "
+#| "the copyright on the movies themselves, maybe that's legitimate for that "
+#| "to last twenty years. Meanwhile for software, I suspect that a three "
+#| "year copyright would be enough. You see if each version of the programme "
+#| "remains copyrighted for three years after its release well, unless the "
+#| "company is in real bad trouble they should have a new version before "
+#| "those three years are up and there will be a lot of people who will want "
+#| "to use the newer version, so if older versions are all becoming free "
+#| "software automatically, the company would still have a business with the "
+#| "newer version. Now this is a compromise as I see it, because it is a "
+#| "system in which not all software is free, but it might be an acceptable "
+#| "compromise, after all, if we had to wait three years in some cases for "
+#| "programs to become free… well, that's no disaster. To be using "
+#| "three years old software is not a disaster."
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: She started out by calling the record companies quote "
"pirates unquotes because of the way they treat the musicians. In any case "
@@ -1229,18 +1755,99 @@
"sell all the paraphernalia with the pictures and characters on them. You "
"know, that's so crassly commercial it hardly matters if that is limited to "
"one company in most cases. Maybe the copyright on the movies themselves, "
-"maybe that's legitimate for that to last twenty years. Meanwhile for "
-"software, I suspect that a three year copyright would be enough. You see if "
-"each version of the programme remains copyrighted for three years after its "
-"release well, unless the company is in real bad trouble they should have a "
-"new version before those three years are up and there will be a lot of "
-"people who will want to use the newer version, so if older versions are all "
-"becoming free software automatically, the company would still have a "
-"business with the newer version. Now this is a compromise as I see it, "
-"because it is a system in which not all software is free, but it might be an "
-"acceptable compromise, after all, if we had to wait three years in some "
-"cases for programs to become free… well, that's no disaster. To be "
-"using three years old software is not a disaster."
+"maybe that's legitimate for that to last twenty years."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>RMS</strong>Â : Elle commence en appelant les maisons de disque "
+"« pirates » pour la façon dont elles traitent les musiciens. Quoi qu'il
en "
+"soit, nous pouvons raccourcir le copyright plus ou moins. Nous pourrions "
+"essayer diverses durées, nous pourrions regarder, nous pourrions découvrir "
+"empiriquement quelle durée de copyright est nécessaire pour que la "
+"publication reste vigoureuse. Puisque la plupart des livres sont épuisés au
"
+"bout de dix ans, il me semble évident que dix ans devraient être suffisant.
"
+"Mais il n'en est pas nécessairement de même pour tous les types d'Åuvres. "
+"Par exemple, peut-être que certains aspects du copyright sur les films "
+"pourraient durer plus longtemps, comme les droits de vendre tout cet "
+"attirail de produits utilisant les images et les personnages. Vous savez, "
+"c'est tellement grossièrement commercial que cela ne fait rien si c'est "
+"limité à une seule société dans la plupart des cas. Pour les films eux-"
+"mêmes, il est peut-être légitime que le copyright dure vingt ans. En "
+"attendant, pour le logiciel, je pense qu'un copyright de trois ans serait "
+"suffisant. Vous voyez, si chaque version d'un programme conserve un "
+"copyright pendant trois ans après sa sortie, à moins que la société ne
soit "
+"en très mauvaise posture, elle devrait avoir une nouvelle version avant que "
+"les trois ans ne soient écoulés, et il devrait y avoir beaucoup de gens "
+"désireux de l'utiliser. Donc, si les anciennes versions devenaient "
+"automatiquement libres, elle continuerait quand même à faire des affaires "
+"avec la nouvelle. Cela dit, tel que je le vois, c'est un compromis, parce "
+"que c'est un système où tous les logiciels ne sont pas libres. Mais ce "
+"serait un compromis acceptable après tout, si nous devions attendre trois "
+"ans dans certains cas pour que les logiciels deviennent libres… Bon, "
+"ce ne serait pas un désastre. Utiliser des logiciels vieux de trois ans "
+"n'est pas un désastre."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<strong>RMS</strong>: She started out by calling the record companies
+# | quote pirates unquotes because of the way they treat the musicians. In
+# | any case we can shorten copyright more or less. We could try various
+# | lengths, we could see, we could find out empirically what length of
+# | copyright is needed to keep publication vigourous. I would say that since
+# | almost books are out of print by ten years, clearly ten years should be
+# | long enough. But it doesn't have to be the same for every kind of work.
+# | For example, maybe some aspects of copyright for movies should last for
+# | longer, like the rights to sell all the paraphernalia with the pictures
+# | and characters on them. You know, that's so crassly commercial it hardly
+# | matters if that is limited to one company in most cases. Maybe the
+# | copyright on the movies themselves, maybe that's legitimate for that to
+# | last twenty years.-]Meanwhile for software, I suspect that a three year
+# | copyright would be enough. You see if each version of the programme
+# | remains copyrighted for three years after its release well, unless the
+# | company is in real bad trouble they should have a new version before those
+# | three years are up and there will be a lot of people who will want to use
+# | the newer version, so if older versions are all becoming free software
+# | automatically, the company would still have a business with the newer
+# | version. Now this is a compromise as I see it, because it is a system in
+# | which not all software is free, but it might be an acceptable compromise,
+# | after all, if we had to wait three years in some cases for programs to
+# | become free… well, that's no disaster. To be using three years old
+# | software is not a disaster.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>RMS</strong>: She started out by calling the record companies "
+#| "quote pirates unquotes because of the way they treat the musicians. In "
+#| "any case we can shorten copyright more or less. We could try various "
+#| "lengths, we could see, we could find out empirically what length of "
+#| "copyright is needed to keep publication vigourous. I would say that "
+#| "since almost books are out of print by ten years, clearly ten years "
+#| "should be long enough. But it doesn't have to be the same for every kind "
+#| "of work. For example, maybe some aspects of copyright for movies should "
+#| "last for longer, like the rights to sell all the paraphernalia with the "
+#| "pictures and characters on them. You know, that's so crassly commercial "
+#| "it hardly matters if that is limited to one company in most cases. Maybe "
+#| "the copyright on the movies themselves, maybe that's legitimate for that "
+#| "to last twenty years. Meanwhile for software, I suspect that a three "
+#| "year copyright would be enough. You see if each version of the programme "
+#| "remains copyrighted for three years after its release well, unless the "
+#| "company is in real bad trouble they should have a new version before "
+#| "those three years are up and there will be a lot of people who will want "
+#| "to use the newer version, so if older versions are all becoming free "
+#| "software automatically, the company would still have a business with the "
+#| "newer version. Now this is a compromise as I see it, because it is a "
+#| "system in which not all software is free, but it might be an acceptable "
+#| "compromise, after all, if we had to wait three years in some cases for "
+#| "programs to become free… well, that's no disaster. To be using "
+#| "three years old software is not a disaster."
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile for software, I suspect that a three year copyright would be "
+"enough. You see if each version of the programme remains copyrighted for "
+"three years after its release well, unless the company is in real bad "
+"trouble they should have a new version before those three years are up and "
+"there will be a lot of people who will want to use the newer version, so if "
+"older versions are all becoming free software automatically, the company "
+"would still have a business with the newer version. Now this is a "
+"compromise as I see it, because it is a system in which not all software is "
+"free, but it might be an acceptable compromise, after all, if we had to wait "
+"three years in some cases for programs to become free… well, that's "
+"no disaster. To be using three years old software is not a disaster."
msgstr ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>Â : Elle commence en appelant les maisons de disque "
"« pirates » pour la façon dont elles traitent les musiciens. Quoi qu'il
en "
@@ -1383,6 +1990,50 @@
"copyright sur le logiciel."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So, overall I would recommend we look at the various kinds of works and
+# | the various different kinds of uses and then look for a new place to draw
+# | the line: one that gives the public the most important freedoms for making
+# | use of each new kind of work while when possible retaining some kind of
+# | fairly painless kind of copyright for general public that is still of
+# | benefit to authors. In this way we can adapt the copyright system to the
+# | circumstances where we find it we find ourselves and have a system that
+# | doesn't require putting people in prison for years because they shared
+# | with their friends, but still does in various ways encourage people to
+# | write more. We can also I believe look for other ways of encouraging
+# | writing other ways of facilitating authors making money. [-For example,
+# | suppose that verbatim redistribution of a work is permitted and suppose
+# | that the work comes with something, so that when you are playing with it
+# | or reading it, there is a box on the side that says “click here to
+# | send one dollar to the authors or the musicians or whatever” I think
+# | that in the wealthier parts of the world a lot of people will send it
+# | because people often really love the authors and musicians that made the
+# | things that they like to read and listen to. And the interesting thing is
+# | that the royalty that they get now is such a small fraction that if you
+# | pay twenty dollars for something they're probably not getting more than
+# | one anyway.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, overall I would recommend we look at the various kinds of works and "
+#| "the various different kinds of uses and then look for a new place to draw "
+#| "the line: one that gives the public the most important freedoms for "
+#| "making use of each new kind of work while when possible retaining some "
+#| "kind of fairly painless kind of copyright for general public that is "
+#| "still of benefit to authors. In this way we can adapt the copyright "
+#| "system to the circumstances where we find it we find ourselves and have a "
+#| "system that doesn't require putting people in prison for years because "
+#| "they shared with their friends, but still does in various ways encourage "
+#| "people to write more. We can also I believe look for other ways of "
+#| "encouraging writing other ways of facilitating authors making money. For "
+#| "example, suppose that verbatim redistribution of a work is permitted and "
+#| "suppose that the work comes with something, so that when you are playing "
+#| "with it or reading it, there is a box on the side that says “click "
+#| "here to send one dollar to the authors or the musicians or "
+#| "whatever” I think that in the wealthier parts of the world a lot of "
+#| "people will send it because people often really love the authors and "
+#| "musicians that made the things that they like to read and listen to. And "
+#| "the interesting thing is that the royalty that they get now is such a "
+#| "small fraction that if you pay twenty dollars for something they're "
+#| "probably not getting more than one anyway."
msgid ""
"So, overall I would recommend we look at the various kinds of works and the "
"various different kinds of uses and then look for a new place to draw the "
@@ -1394,16 +2045,87 @@
"putting people in prison for years because they shared with their friends, "
"but still does in various ways encourage people to write more. We can also "
"I believe look for other ways of encouraging writing other ways of "
-"facilitating authors making money. For example, suppose that verbatim "
-"redistribution of a work is permitted and suppose that the work comes with "
-"something, so that when you are playing with it or reading it, there is a "
-"box on the side that says “click here to send one dollar to the "
-"authors or the musicians or whatever” I think that in the wealthier "
-"parts of the world a lot of people will send it because people often really "
-"love the authors and musicians that made the things that they like to read "
-"and listen to. And the interesting thing is that the royalty that they get "
-"now is such a small fraction that if you pay twenty dollars for something "
-"they're probably not getting more than one anyway."
+"facilitating authors making money."
+msgstr ""
+"Ainsi, globalement je recommande que nous examinions les divers types "
+"d'Åuvres et leurs divers usages, et que nous cherchions un autre endroit où
"
+"tracer la limite : celui qui donnerait au public les libertés essentielles "
+"pour se servir des Åuvres de chaque type, tout en maintenant si possible une
"
+"sorte de copyright indolore pour le grand public qui soit toujours un "
+"avantage pour les auteurs. De cette façon, nous pouvons adapter le système "
+"du copyright au contexte dans lequel nous nous trouvons, et faire qu'il "
+"n'exige pas de mettre des gens en prison pour des années parce qu'ils auront
"
+"partagé avec leurs amis, tout en continuant à encourager de diverses "
+"manières les auteurs à écrire plus. Nous pouvons également, je crois, "
+"chercher d'autres façons d'encourager l'écriture, d'autres façons de "
+"faciliter la rémunération des auteurs. Par exemple, supposez que la "
+"reproduction intégrale d'une Åuvre soit autorisée et supposez que cette "
+"Åuvre soit fournie avec un dispositif de ce style : lorsque vous êtes en "
+"train de jouer l'Åuvre, ou de la lire, il y a une boîte de dialogue sur le "
+"côté qui dit : « Cliquez ici pour envoyer un dollar à l'auteur ou au "
+"musicien, ou autre. » Je pense que dans les parties les plus riches du
monde "
+"beaucoup de gens enverraient ce dollar parce que souvent les gens adorent "
+"les auteurs ou les musiciens qui ont créé ce qu'ils ont aimé lire ou "
+"écouter. Notez que la part des royalties qui leur revient actuellement est "
+"si faible que si vous payez vingt dollars, ils n'en obtiendront pas plus "
+"d'un de toute façon."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-So, overall I would recommend we look at the various kinds of works and
+# | the various different kinds of uses and then look for a new place to draw
+# | the line: one that gives the public the most important freedoms for making
+# | use of each new kind of work while when possible retaining some kind of
+# | fairly painless kind of copyright for general public that is still of
+# | benefit to authors. In this way we can adapt the copyright system to the
+# | circumstances where we find it we find ourselves and have a system that
+# | doesn't require putting people in prison for years because they shared
+# | with their friends, but still does in various ways encourage people to
+# | write more. We can also I believe look for other ways of encouraging
+# | writing other ways of facilitating authors making money.-]For example,
+# | suppose that verbatim redistribution of a work is permitted and suppose
+# | that the work comes with something, so that when you are playing with it
+# | or reading it, there is a box on the side that says “click here to
+# | send one dollar to the authors or the musicians or whatever” I think
+# | that in the wealthier parts of the world a lot of people will send it
+# | because people often really love the authors and musicians that made the
+# | things that they like to read and listen to. And the interesting thing is
+# | that the royalty that they get now is such a small fraction that if you
+# | pay twenty dollars for something they're probably not getting more than
+# | one anyway.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, overall I would recommend we look at the various kinds of works and "
+#| "the various different kinds of uses and then look for a new place to draw "
+#| "the line: one that gives the public the most important freedoms for "
+#| "making use of each new kind of work while when possible retaining some "
+#| "kind of fairly painless kind of copyright for general public that is "
+#| "still of benefit to authors. In this way we can adapt the copyright "
+#| "system to the circumstances where we find it we find ourselves and have a "
+#| "system that doesn't require putting people in prison for years because "
+#| "they shared with their friends, but still does in various ways encourage "
+#| "people to write more. We can also I believe look for other ways of "
+#| "encouraging writing other ways of facilitating authors making money. For "
+#| "example, suppose that verbatim redistribution of a work is permitted and "
+#| "suppose that the work comes with something, so that when you are playing "
+#| "with it or reading it, there is a box on the side that says “click "
+#| "here to send one dollar to the authors or the musicians or "
+#| "whatever” I think that in the wealthier parts of the world a lot of "
+#| "people will send it because people often really love the authors and "
+#| "musicians that made the things that they like to read and listen to. And "
+#| "the interesting thing is that the royalty that they get now is such a "
+#| "small fraction that if you pay twenty dollars for something they're "
+#| "probably not getting more than one anyway."
+msgid ""
+"For example, suppose that verbatim redistribution of a work is permitted and "
+"suppose that the work comes with something, so that when you are playing "
+"with it or reading it, there is a box on the side that says “click "
+"here to send one dollar to the authors or the musicians or whatever” I "
+"think that in the wealthier parts of the world a lot of people will send it "
+"because people often really love the authors and musicians that made the "
+"things that they like to read and listen to. And the interesting thing is "
+"that the royalty that they get now is such a small fraction that if you pay "
+"twenty dollars for something they're probably not getting more than one "
+"anyway."
msgstr ""
"Ainsi, globalement je recommande que nous examinions les divers types "
"d'Åuvres et leurs divers usages, et que nous cherchions un autre endroit où
"
@@ -1429,6 +2151,38 @@
"d'un de toute façon."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So this will be a far more efficient system. And the interesting thing
+# | will be that when people redistribute these copies they will be helping
+# | the author. Essentially advertising them, spreading around these reasons
+# | to send them a dollar. Now right now the biggest reason why more people
+# | don't just send some money to the authors is that it's a pain in the neck
+# | to do it. What are you going to do? Write a cheque? Then who are you
+# | going to mail the cheque to? You'd have to dig up their address, which
+# | might not be easy. But with a convenient internet payment system which
+# | makes it efficient to pay someone one dollar, then we could put this into
+# | all the copies, and then I think you'd find the mechanism starting to work
+# | well. [-It may take five of ten years for the ideas to spread around,
+# | because it's a cultural thing, you know, at first people might find it a
+# | little surprising but once it gets normal people would become accustomed
+# | to sending the money, and it wouldn't be a lot of money compared to what
+# | it costs to buy books today.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So this will be a far more efficient system. And the interesting thing "
+#| "will be that when people redistribute these copies they will be helping "
+#| "the author. Essentially advertising them, spreading around these reasons "
+#| "to send them a dollar. Now right now the biggest reason why more people "
+#| "don't just send some money to the authors is that it's a pain in the neck "
+#| "to do it. What are you going to do? Write a cheque? Then who are you "
+#| "going to mail the cheque to? You'd have to dig up their address, which "
+#| "might not be easy. But with a convenient internet payment system which "
+#| "makes it efficient to pay someone one dollar, then we could put this into "
+#| "all the copies, and then I think you'd find the mechanism starting to "
+#| "work well. It may take five of ten years for the ideas to spread around, "
+#| "because it's a cultural thing, you know, at first people might find it a "
+#| "little surprising but once it gets normal people would become accustomed "
+#| "to sending the money, and it wouldn't be a lot of money compared to what "
+#| "it costs to buy books today."
msgid ""
"So this will be a far more efficient system. And the interesting thing will "
"be that when people redistribute these copies they will be helping the "
@@ -1439,12 +2193,7 @@
"mail the cheque to? You'd have to dig up their address, which might not be "
"easy. But with a convenient internet payment system which makes it "
"efficient to pay someone one dollar, then we could put this into all the "
-"copies, and then I think you'd find the mechanism starting to work well. It "
-"may take five of ten years for the ideas to spread around, because it's a "
-"cultural thing, you know, at first people might find it a little surprising "
-"but once it gets normal people would become accustomed to sending the money, "
-"and it wouldn't be a lot of money compared to what it costs to buy books "
-"today."
+"copies, and then I think you'd find the mechanism starting to work well."
msgstr ""
"On aura ainsi un système bien plus efficace. Et le bonus, c'est que lorsque "
"les gens redistribueront ces copies, ils aideront l'auteur en faisant ce qui "
@@ -1463,10 +2212,64 @@
"beaucoup, comparé à ce que cela coûte d'acheter des livres aujourd'hui."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It may take five of ten years for the ideas to spread around, because it's a "
+"cultural thing, you know, at first people might find it a little surprising "
+"but once it gets normal people would become accustomed to sending the money, "
+"and it wouldn't be a lot of money compared to what it costs to buy books "
+"today."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "<em>[drinks]</em>"
msgstr "<em>[il boit]</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So I think that in this way, for the works of expression, and maybe
+# | aesthetic works, maybe this could a successful method. But it won't work
+# | for the functional works, and the reason for that is that as one person
+# | after another makes a modified version and publishes it, who should the
+# | boxes point to, and how much money should they send, and you know, it's
+# | easy to do this when the work was published just once, by a certain
+# | author, or certain group of authors, and they can just agree together what
+# | they're going to do and click on the box, if no-one is publishing modified
+# | versions then every copy will contain the same box with the same URL
+# | directing money to the same people but when you have different version
+# | which have been worked on by different people there's no simple automatic
+# | way of working out who ought to get what fraction of what users donate for
+# | this version or that version. [-It's philosophically hard to decide how
+# | important each contribution is, and all the obvious ways of trying to
+# | measure it are <em>[emphasis]</em> obviously <em>[/emphasis]</em> wrong in
+# | some cases, they're obviously closing their eyes to some important part of
+# | the facts so I think that this kind of solution is probably not feasible
+# | when everybody is free to publish modified versions. But for those kinds
+# | of works where it is not crucial to have the freedom to publish modified
+# | versions then this solution can be applied very simply once we have the
+# | convenient internet payment system to base it on.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I think that in this way, for the works of expression, and maybe "
+#| "aesthetic works, maybe this could a successful method. But it won't work "
+#| "for the functional works, and the reason for that is that as one person "
+#| "after another makes a modified version and publishes it, who should the "
+#| "boxes point to, and how much money should they send, and you know, it's "
+#| "easy to do this when the work was published just once, by a certain "
+#| "author, or certain group of authors, and they can just agree together "
+#| "what they're going to do and click on the box, if no-one is publishing "
+#| "modified versions then every copy will contain the same box with the same "
+#| "URL directing money to the same people but when you have different "
+#| "version which have been worked on by different people there's no simple "
+#| "automatic way of working out who ought to get what fraction of what users "
+#| "donate for this version or that version. It's philosophically hard to "
+#| "decide how important each contribution is, and all the obvious ways of "
+#| "trying to measure it are <em>[emphasis]</em> obviously <em>[/emphasis]</"
+#| "em> wrong in some cases, they're obviously closing their eyes to some "
+#| "important part of the facts so I think that this kind of solution is "
+#| "probably not feasible when everybody is free to publish modified "
+#| "versions. But for those kinds of works where it is not crucial to have "
+#| "the freedom to publish modified versions then this solution can be "
+#| "applied very simply once we have the convenient internet payment system "
+#| "to base it on."
msgid ""
"So I think that in this way, for the works of expression, and maybe "
"aesthetic works, maybe this could a successful method. But it won't work "
@@ -1480,15 +2283,7 @@
"to the same people but when you have different version which have been "
"worked on by different people there's no simple automatic way of working out "
"who ought to get what fraction of what users donate for this version or that "
-"version. It's philosophically hard to decide how important each "
-"contribution is, and all the obvious ways of trying to measure it are <em>"
-"[emphasis]</em> obviously <em>[/emphasis]</em> wrong in some cases, they're "
-"obviously closing their eyes to some important part of the facts so I think "
-"that this kind of solution is probably not feasible when everybody is free "
-"to publish modified versions. But for those kinds of works where it is not "
-"crucial to have the freedom to publish modified versions then this solution "
-"can be applied very simply once we have the convenient internet payment "
-"system to base it on."
+"version."
msgstr ""
"Aussi je pense que cette méthode pourrait connaître le succès pour les "
"Åuvres d'expression, et peut-être les Åuvres esthétiques. Mais cela ne "
@@ -1517,6 +2312,19 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"It's philosophically hard to decide how important each contribution is, and "
+"all the obvious ways of trying to measure it are <em>[emphasis]</em> "
+"obviously <em>[/emphasis]</em> wrong in some cases, they're obviously "
+"closing their eyes to some important part of the facts so I think that this "
+"kind of solution is probably not feasible when everybody is free to publish "
+"modified versions. But for those kinds of works where it is not crucial to "
+"have the freedom to publish modified versions then this solution can be "
+"applied very simply once we have the convenient internet payment system to "
+"base it on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"With regard to the aesthetic works. If there is a system where those who "
"commercially redistribute or maybe even those who are publishing a modified "
"version might have to negotiate the sharing of the payments with the "
@@ -1538,6 +2346,38 @@
"versions modifiées des Åuvres esthétiques."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Now I believe there a people who are trying to set up such voluntary
+# | payment systems. I heard of something called the street performer's
+# | protocol. I don't know the details of it. And I believe there is
+# | something called GreenWitch.com <em>[transcriber's note: URL
+# | uncertain]</em> I believe the people there are trying to set up something
+# | more or less like this. I think that what they are hoping to do is
+# | collect a bunch of payments that you make to various different people, and
+# | eventually charge your credit card once it gets to be big enough so that
+# | it's efficient. [-Whether those kind of systems work smoothly enough in
+# | practice that they'll get going is not clear, and whether they will become
+# | adopted widely enough for them to become a normal cultural practice is not
+# | clear. It may be that in order for these voluntary payments to truly
+# | catch on we need to have some kind of… you need to see the idea
+# | everywhere in order to… “Yeah, I outta pay“ once in a
+# | while. We'll see.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now I believe there a people who are trying to set up such voluntary "
+#| "payment systems. I heard of something called the street performer's "
+#| "protocol. I don't know the details of it. And I believe there is "
+#| "something called GreenWitch.com <em>[transcriber's note: URL uncertain]</"
+#| "em> I believe the people there are trying to set up something more or "
+#| "less like this. I think that what they are hoping to do is collect a "
+#| "bunch of payments that you make to various different people, and "
+#| "eventually charge your credit card once it gets to be big enough so that "
+#| "it's efficient. Whether those kind of systems work smoothly enough in "
+#| "practice that they'll get going is not clear, and whether they will "
+#| "become adopted widely enough for them to become a normal cultural "
+#| "practice is not clear. It may be that in order for these voluntary "
+#| "payments to truly catch on we need to have some kind of… you need "
+#| "to see the idea everywhere in order to… “Yeah, I outta "
+#| "pay“ once in a while. We'll see."
msgid ""
"Now I believe there a people who are trying to set up such voluntary payment "
"systems. I heard of something called the street performer's protocol. I "
@@ -1546,13 +2386,64 @@
"people there are trying to set up something more or less like this. I think "
"that what they are hoping to do is collect a bunch of payments that you make "
"to various different people, and eventually charge your credit card once it "
-"gets to be big enough so that it's efficient. Whether those kind of systems "
-"work smoothly enough in practice that they'll get going is not clear, and "
-"whether they will become adopted widely enough for them to become a normal "
-"cultural practice is not clear. It may be that in order for these voluntary "
-"payments to truly catch on we need to have some kind of… you need to "
-"see the idea everywhere in order to… “Yeah, I outta pay“ "
-"once in a while. We'll see."
+"gets to be big enough so that it's efficient."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a, je crois, des gens qui essayent d'installer un système de paiement "
+"volontaire de ce style. J'ai entendu parler de quelque chose comme « le "
+"protocole de l'artiste de rue ». Je n'en connais pas les détails. Et je "
+"crois qu'il y a un truc appelé <em>GreenWitch.com [note du transcripteur : "
+"URL incertaine]</em>. Je crois que ces gens essayent d'installer quelque "
+"chose de plus ou moins semblable. Ce qu'il espèrent faire, il me semble, "
+"c'est rassembler les paiements que vous effectuez à diverses personnes, pour
"
+"finalement débiter votre carte de crédit une fois que la somme est assez "
+"importante pour rendre la transaction efficace. Il n'est pas certain que ce "
+"genre de système fonctionne assez bien en pratique pour qu'ils le mettent en
"
+"place, ni qu'il soit adopté assez largement pour devenir une pratique "
+"culturelle normale. Il est possible que pour que ces paiements volontaires "
+"deviennent vraiment courants, nous ayons besoin d'un certain genre "
+"de… On a besoin de voir l'idée partout pour que de temps à "
+"autre… « Ouais, il faudrait que je paie ! » On verra."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Now I believe there a people who are trying to set up such voluntary
+# | payment systems. I heard of something called the street performer's
+# | protocol. I don't know the details of it. And I believe there is
+# | something called GreenWitch.com <em>[transcriber's note: URL
+# | uncertain]</em> I believe the people there are trying to set up something
+# | more or less like this. I think that what they are hoping to do is
+# | collect a bunch of payments that you make to various different people, and
+# | eventually charge your credit card once it gets to be big enough so that
+# | it's efficient.-]Whether those kind of systems work smoothly enough in
+# | practice that they'll get going is not clear, and whether they will become
+# | adopted widely enough for them to become a normal cultural practice is not
+# | clear. It may be that in order for these voluntary payments to truly
+# | catch on we need to have some kind of… you need to see the idea
+# | everywhere in order to… “Yeah, I outta pay“ once in a
+# | while. We'll see.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now I believe there a people who are trying to set up such voluntary "
+#| "payment systems. I heard of something called the street performer's "
+#| "protocol. I don't know the details of it. And I believe there is "
+#| "something called GreenWitch.com <em>[transcriber's note: URL uncertain]</"
+#| "em> I believe the people there are trying to set up something more or "
+#| "less like this. I think that what they are hoping to do is collect a "
+#| "bunch of payments that you make to various different people, and "
+#| "eventually charge your credit card once it gets to be big enough so that "
+#| "it's efficient. Whether those kind of systems work smoothly enough in "
+#| "practice that they'll get going is not clear, and whether they will "
+#| "become adopted widely enough for them to become a normal cultural "
+#| "practice is not clear. It may be that in order for these voluntary "
+#| "payments to truly catch on we need to have some kind of… you need "
+#| "to see the idea everywhere in order to… “Yeah, I outta "
+#| "pay“ once in a while. We'll see."
+msgid ""
+"Whether those kind of systems work smoothly enough in practice that they'll "
+"get going is not clear, and whether they will become adopted widely enough "
+"for them to become a normal cultural practice is not clear. It may be that "
+"in order for these voluntary payments to truly catch on we need to have some "
+"kind of… you need to see the idea everywhere in order to… "
+"“Yeah, I outta pay“ once in a while. We'll see."
msgstr ""
"Il y a, je crois, des gens qui essayent d'installer un système de paiement "
"volontaire de ce style. J'ai entendu parler de quelque chose comme « le "
@@ -1725,6 +2616,51 @@
msgstr "<strong>MA8</strong> : Comment pouvons-nous le contester ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[rhetorically]</em> Well are you going to
+# | challenge them? It costs money, it takes trouble, and not only that, how
+# | would you do it? Well, you could either try to go to a court and say,
+# | “They have no right to ask people to sign this contract because it
+# | is an invalid contract” but that might be difficult if the
+# | distributor is in the US. French law about what is a valid contract
+# | couldn't be used to stop them in the US. On the other hand you could also
+# | say “I signed this contract but it's not valid in France so I am
+# | publicly disobeying, and I challenge them to sue me.” Now that you
+# | might consider doing, and if you're right and the laws are not valid in
+# | France then the case would get thrown out. I don't know. Maybe that is a
+# | good idea to do, I don't know whether, what its effects politically would
+# | be. [-I know that there was just a couple of years ago a law was passed
+# | in Europe to prohibit some kind of private copying of music, and the
+# | record companies trotted out some famous very popular musicians to push
+# | for this law and they got it, so it's clear that they have a lot of
+# | influence here too, and it's possible that they will get more, just pass
+# | another law to change this. We have to think about the political strategy
+# | for building the constituency to resist such changes and the actions we
+# | take should be designed to accomplish that. Now, I'm no expert on how to
+# | accomplish that in Europe but that's what people should think about.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[rhetorically]</em> Well are you going to "
+#| "challenge them? It costs money, it takes trouble, and not only that, how "
+#| "would you do it? Well, you could either try to go to a court and say, "
+#| "“They have no right to ask people to sign this contract because it "
+#| "is an invalid contract” but that might be difficult if the "
+#| "distributor is in the US. French law about what is a valid contract "
+#| "couldn't be used to stop them in the US. On the other hand you could "
+#| "also say “I signed this contract but it's not valid in France so I "
+#| "am publicly disobeying, and I challenge them to sue me.” Now that "
+#| "you might consider doing, and if you're right and the laws are not valid "
+#| "in France then the case would get thrown out. I don't know. Maybe that "
+#| "is a good idea to do, I don't know whether, what its effects politically "
+#| "would be. I know that there was just a couple of years ago a law was "
+#| "passed in Europe to prohibit some kind of private copying of music, and "
+#| "the record companies trotted out some famous very popular musicians to "
+#| "push for this law and they got it, so it's clear that they have a lot of "
+#| "influence here too, and it's possible that they will get more, just pass "
+#| "another law to change this. We have to think about the political "
+#| "strategy for building the constituency to resist such changes and the "
+#| "actions we take should be designed to accomplish that. Now, I'm no "
+#| "expert on how to accomplish that in Europe but that's what people should "
+#| "think about."
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[rhetorically]</em> Well are you going to "
"challenge them? It costs money, it takes trouble, and not only that, how "
@@ -1737,16 +2673,7 @@
"challenge them to sue me.” Now that you might consider doing, and if "
"you're right and the laws are not valid in France then the case would get "
"thrown out. I don't know. Maybe that is a good idea to do, I don't know "
-"whether, what its effects politically would be. I know that there was just "
-"a couple of years ago a law was passed in Europe to prohibit some kind of "
-"private copying of music, and the record companies trotted out some famous "
-"very popular musicians to push for this law and they got it, so it's clear "
-"that they have a lot of influence here too, and it's possible that they will "
-"get more, just pass another law to change this. We have to think about the "
-"political strategy for building the constituency to resist such changes and "
-"the actions we take should be designed to accomplish that. Now, I'm no "
-"expert on how to accomplish that in Europe but that's what people should "
-"think about."
+"whether, what its effects politically would be."
msgstr ""
"<strong>RMS</strong> : <em>[avec emphase]</em> Vous allez le contester ?
Ãa "
"coûte de l'argent, il faut se donner du mal ; et pas seulement ça, comment
"
@@ -1773,6 +2700,19 @@
"c'est ce à quoi les gens devraient réfléchir."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I know that there was just a couple of years ago a law was passed in Europe "
+"to prohibit some kind of private copying of music, and the record companies "
+"trotted out some famous very popular musicians to push for this law and they "
+"got it, so it's clear that they have a lot of influence here too, and it's "
+"possible that they will get more, just pass another law to change this. We "
+"have to think about the political strategy for building the constituency to "
+"resist such changes and the actions we take should be designed to accomplish "
+"that. Now, I'm no expert on how to accomplish that in Europe but that's "
+"what people should think about."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "<strong>AM6</strong>: What about protection of private correspondence?"
msgstr ""
"<strong>MA6</strong>Â : Que dites-vous de la protection de la correspondance "
@@ -1947,6 +2887,39 @@
"le domaine du secret industriel ?]</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <strong>RMS</strong>: Uh yes: Trade secrets has developed in a very
+# | ominous and menacing direction. It used to be that trade secrecy meant
+# | that you wanted to keep something secret so you didn't tell anybody, and
+# | later on it was something that was done within a business telling just a
+# | few people something and they would agree to keep it secret. But now,
+# | it's turning into something where the public in general is becoming
+# | conscripted into keeping secrets for business even if they have never
+# | agreed in any way to keep these secrets and that's a pressure. [-So those
+# | who pretend that trade secrecy is just carrying out some natural right of
+# | theirs; that's just not true any more. They're getting explicit
+# | government help in forcing other people to keep their secrets. And we
+# | might want to consider whether non-disclosure agreements should in general
+# | be considered legitimate contracts because of the anti-social nature of
+# | trade secrecy it shouldn't be considered automatic that just because
+# | somebody has promised to keep a secret that that means it's binding.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>RMS</strong>: Uh yes: Trade secrets has developed in a very "
+#| "ominous and menacing direction. It used to be that trade secrecy meant "
+#| "that you wanted to keep something secret so you didn't tell anybody, and "
+#| "later on it was something that was done within a business telling just a "
+#| "few people something and they would agree to keep it secret. But now, "
+#| "it's turning into something where the public in general is becoming "
+#| "conscripted into keeping secrets for business even if they have never "
+#| "agreed in any way to keep these secrets and that's a pressure. So those "
+#| "who pretend that trade secrecy is just carrying out some natural right of "
+#| "theirs; that's just not true any more. They're getting explicit "
+#| "government help in forcing other people to keep their secrets. And we "
+#| "might want to consider whether non-disclosure agreements should in "
+#| "general be considered legitimate contracts because of the anti-social "
+#| "nature of trade secrecy it shouldn't be considered automatic that just "
+#| "because somebody has promised to keep a secret that that means it's "
+#| "binding."
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Uh yes: Trade secrets has developed in a very ominous "
"and menacing direction. It used to be that trade secrecy meant that you "
@@ -1955,14 +2928,68 @@
"something and they would agree to keep it secret. But now, it's turning "
"into something where the public in general is becoming conscripted into "
"keeping secrets for business even if they have never agreed in any way to "
-"keep these secrets and that's a pressure. So those who pretend that trade "
-"secrecy is just carrying out some natural right of theirs; that's just not "
-"true any more. They're getting explicit government help in forcing other "
-"people to keep their secrets. And we might want to consider whether non-"
-"disclosure agreements should in general be considered legitimate contracts "
-"because of the anti-social nature of trade secrecy it shouldn't be "
-"considered automatic that just because somebody has promised to keep a "
-"secret that that means it's binding."
+"keep these secrets and that's a pressure."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>RMS</strong> : Hmm, oui : le secret industriel s'est développé
dans "
+"une direction très inquiétante et très dangereuse. Autrefois, cela "
+"signifiait que vous vouliez maintenir secrète une certaine chose, donc que "
+"vous ne l'aviez dite à personne. Plus tard, la pratique s'est établie dans "
+"les affaires de dire à quelques personnes seulement une chose sur laquelle "
+"elles devaient accepter de garder le secret. Mais maintenant, ça prend une "
+"tournure où les personnes du grand public sont obligées de garder des "
+"secrets de fabrication, même si elles n'ont jamais convenu de quelque façon
"
+"que ce soit de garder ces secrets. On fait pression sur elles. Ainsi, Ã ceux
"
+"qui prétendent que le secret industriel représente la mise en Åuvre de "
+"certains de leurs droits, ce n'est simplement plus vrai. Ils obtiennent "
+"l'aide explicite du gouvernement en forçant les autres à garder leurs "
+"secrets. Et nous pourrions nous demander si les accords de non-divulgation "
+"doivent d'une manière générale être considérés comme des contrats
légitimes, "
+"Ã cause de la nature antisociale du secret industriel. On ne devrait pas "
+"considérer comme automatiquement contraignante la simple promesse de garder "
+"un secret."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<strong>RMS</strong>: Uh yes: Trade secrets has developed in a very
+# | ominous and menacing direction. It used to be that trade secrecy meant
+# | that you wanted to keep something secret so you didn't tell anybody, and
+# | later on it was something that was done within a business telling just a
+# | few people something and they would agree to keep it secret. But now,
+# | it's turning into something where the public in general is becoming
+# | conscripted into keeping secrets for business even if they have never
+# | agreed in any way to keep these secrets and that's a pressure.-]So those
+# | who pretend that trade secrecy is just carrying out some natural right of
+# | theirs; that's just not true any more. They're getting explicit
+# | government help in forcing other people to keep their secrets. And we
+# | might want to consider whether non-disclosure agreements should in general
+# | be considered legitimate contracts because of the anti-social nature of
+# | trade secrecy it shouldn't be considered automatic that just because
+# | somebody has promised to keep a secret that that means it's binding.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>RMS</strong>: Uh yes: Trade secrets has developed in a very "
+#| "ominous and menacing direction. It used to be that trade secrecy meant "
+#| "that you wanted to keep something secret so you didn't tell anybody, and "
+#| "later on it was something that was done within a business telling just a "
+#| "few people something and they would agree to keep it secret. But now, "
+#| "it's turning into something where the public in general is becoming "
+#| "conscripted into keeping secrets for business even if they have never "
+#| "agreed in any way to keep these secrets and that's a pressure. So those "
+#| "who pretend that trade secrecy is just carrying out some natural right of "
+#| "theirs; that's just not true any more. They're getting explicit "
+#| "government help in forcing other people to keep their secrets. And we "
+#| "might want to consider whether non-disclosure agreements should in "
+#| "general be considered legitimate contracts because of the anti-social "
+#| "nature of trade secrecy it shouldn't be considered automatic that just "
+#| "because somebody has promised to keep a secret that that means it's "
+#| "binding."
+msgid ""
+"So those who pretend that trade secrecy is just carrying out some natural "
+"right of theirs; that's just not true any more. They're getting explicit "
+"government help in forcing other people to keep their secrets. And we might "
+"want to consider whether non-disclosure agreements should in general be "
+"considered legitimate contracts because of the anti-social nature of trade "
+"secrecy it shouldn't be considered automatic that just because somebody has "
+"promised to keep a secret that that means it's binding."
msgstr ""
"<strong>RMS</strong> : Hmm, oui : le secret industriel s'est développé
dans "
"une direction très inquiétante et très dangereuse. Autrefois, cela "
@@ -2114,6 +3141,36 @@
"considéreraient comme leur mission, si seulement on ne les en empêchait
pas."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So what should be done, is that these journals should go one step further.
+# | In addition to saying everybody can access the site they should be
+# | saying, everyone can set up a mirror site. Even if they said, you have to
+# | do the whole publication of this journal, together with our
+# | advertisements, now that would still at least do the job of making the
+# | availability redundant so that it's not in danger, and other institutions
+# | would set up mirror sites, and I predict that you would find ten years
+# | down the road, a very well organised unofficial system of co-ordinating
+# | the mirroring to make sure that nothing was getting left out. [-At this
+# | point the amount that it costs to set up the mirror site for years of a
+# | journal is so little that it doesn't require any special funding; nobody
+# | has to work very hard: just let librarians do it. Anyway, oh there was
+# | some other thing that this raised and I can't remember what it is. Oh
+# | well, I'll just have to let it go.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So what should be done, is that these journals should go one step "
+#| "further. In addition to saying everybody can access the site they should "
+#| "be saying, everyone can set up a mirror site. Even if they said, you "
+#| "have to do the whole publication of this journal, together with our "
+#| "advertisements, now that would still at least do the job of making the "
+#| "availability redundant so that it's not in danger, and other institutions "
+#| "would set up mirror sites, and I predict that you would find ten years "
+#| "down the road, a very well organised unofficial system of co-ordinating "
+#| "the mirroring to make sure that nothing was getting left out. At this "
+#| "point the amount that it costs to set up the mirror site for years of a "
+#| "journal is so little that it doesn't require any special funding; nobody "
+#| "has to work very hard: just let librarians do it. Anyway, oh there was "
+#| "some other thing that this raised and I can't remember what it is. Oh "
+#| "well, I'll just have to let it go."
msgid ""
"So what should be done, is that these journals should go one step further. "
"In addition to saying everybody can access the site they should be saying, "
@@ -2123,11 +3180,7 @@
"that it's not in danger, and other institutions would set up mirror sites, "
"and I predict that you would find ten years down the road, a very well "
"organised unofficial system of co-ordinating the mirroring to make sure that "
-"nothing was getting left out. At this point the amount that it costs to set "
-"up the mirror site for years of a journal is so little that it doesn't "
-"require any special funding; nobody has to work very hard: just let "
-"librarians do it. Anyway, oh there was some other thing that this raised "
-"and I can't remember what it is. Oh well, I'll just have to let it go."
+"nothing was getting left out."
msgstr ""
"Aussi, ces revues devraient faire un pas de plus en avant. Non seulement "
"elles devraient dire que tout le monde peut accéder au site, mais également
"
@@ -2146,6 +3199,15 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"At this point the amount that it costs to set up the mirror site for years "
+"of a journal is so little that it doesn't require any special funding; "
+"nobody has to work very hard: just let librarians do it. Anyway, oh there "
+"was some other thing that this raised and I can't remember what it is. Oh "
+"well, I'll just have to let it go."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"<strong>AM13</strong>: The financing problem for the aesthetical "
"works… do you think the dynamics could be… <em>[inaudible]</"
"em> although I understand the problems of… I mean who's contributing? "
@@ -2159,6 +3221,58 @@
"libre <em>[inaudible]</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. It's certainly suggesting the idea to
+# | people. We'll see. I don't the answers, I don't know how we're going to
+# | get there, I'm trying to think about where we should get to. I know know
+# | how we can get there. The publishers are so powerful, and can get
+# | governments to do their bidding. How we're going to build up the kind of
+# | world where the public refuses to tolerate this any more I don't know. I
+# | think the first thing we have to do is to clearly reject the term pirate
+# | and the views that go with it. Every time we hear that we have to speak
+# | out and say this is propaganda, it's not wrong for people to share these
+# | published works with each other, it's sharing with you friend, it's good.
+# | And sharing with your friend is more important than how much money these
+# | companies get. The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of these
+# | companies. [-We have to keep on… because you see the idea that
+# | they've spread—that anything that reduces their income is immoral
+# | and therefore people must be restricted in any way it takes to guarantee
+# | for them to be paid for everything… that is the fundamental thing
+# | that we have to start attacking directly. People have mostly tried
+# | tactics of concentrating on secondary issues, you know, to when people,
+# | you know when the publishers demand increased power usually people saying
+# | it will cause some secondary kind of harm and arguing based on that but
+# | you rarely find anybody (except me) saying that the whole point of the
+# | change is wrong, that it's wrong to restrict it in that way, that it's
+# | legitimate for people to want to change copies and that they should be
+# | allowed to. We have to have more of this. We have to start cutting the
+# | root of their dominion not just hacking away at a few leaves.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. It's certainly suggesting the idea "
+#| "to people. We'll see. I don't the answers, I don't know how we're going "
+#| "to get there, I'm trying to think about where we should get to. I know "
+#| "know how we can get there. The publishers are so powerful, and can get "
+#| "governments to do their bidding. How we're going to build up the kind of "
+#| "world where the public refuses to tolerate this any more I don't know. I "
+#| "think the first thing we have to do is to clearly reject the term pirate "
+#| "and the views that go with it. Every time we hear that we have to speak "
+#| "out and say this is propaganda, it's not wrong for people to share these "
+#| "published works with each other, it's sharing with you friend, it's "
+#| "good. And sharing with your friend is more important than how much money "
+#| "these companies get. The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of "
+#| "these companies. We have to keep on… because you see the idea "
+#| "that they've spread—that anything that reduces their income is "
+#| "immoral and therefore people must be restricted in any way it takes to "
+#| "guarantee for them to be paid for everything… that is the "
+#| "fundamental thing that we have to start attacking directly. People have "
+#| "mostly tried tactics of concentrating on secondary issues, you know, to "
+#| "when people, you know when the publishers demand increased power usually "
+#| "people saying it will cause some secondary kind of harm and arguing based "
+#| "on that but you rarely find anybody (except me) saying that the whole "
+#| "point of the change is wrong, that it's wrong to restrict it in that way, "
+#| "that it's legitimate for people to want to change copies and that they "
+#| "should be allowed to. We have to have more of this. We have to start "
+#| "cutting the root of their dominion not just hacking away at a few leaves."
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. It's certainly suggesting the idea to "
"people. We'll see. I don't the answers, I don't know how we're going to "
@@ -2171,20 +3285,104 @@
"say this is propaganda, it's not wrong for people to share these published "
"works with each other, it's sharing with you friend, it's good. And sharing "
"with your friend is more important than how much money these companies get. "
-"The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of these companies. We have to "
-"keep on… because you see the idea that they've spread—that "
-"anything that reduces their income is immoral and therefore people must be "
-"restricted in any way it takes to guarantee for them to be paid for "
-"everything… that is the fundamental thing that we have to start "
-"attacking directly. People have mostly tried tactics of concentrating on "
-"secondary issues, you know, to when people, you know when the publishers "
-"demand increased power usually people saying it will cause some secondary "
-"kind of harm and arguing based on that but you rarely find anybody (except "
-"me) saying that the whole point of the change is wrong, that it's wrong to "
-"restrict it in that way, that it's legitimate for people to want to change "
-"copies and that they should be allowed to. We have to have more of this. "
-"We have to start cutting the root of their dominion not just hacking away at "
-"a few leaves."
+"The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of these companies."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>RMS</strong> : Je ne sais pas. Cela suggère certainement l'idée Ã
"
+"des gens. Nous verrons., je n'ai pas les réponses. Je ne sais pas comment "
+"nous allons y arriver, j'essaye de réfléchir à l'endroit où nous devons "
+"aller. Je ne sais pas comment nous pourrons y arriver. Les éditeurs sont si "
+"puissants qu'ils peuvent faire exécuter leurs ordres par les gouvernements. "
+"Comment allons-nous construire un monde où le public refuse de tolérer ça "
+"plus longtemps, je ne sais pas. Je pense que la première chose à faire est "
+"de rejeter clairement le mot « pirate » et les points de vue qui vont
avec. "
+"Toutes les fois que nous entendons cela, nous devons faire entendre notre "
+"voix, dire que c'est de la propagande, qu'il n'est pas mauvais pour les gens "
+"de partager ces Åuvres publiées avec les autres, que c'est comme de
partager "
+"avec un ami, et que c'est bien. Et que partager avec un ami est plus "
+"important que l'argent gagné par ces éditeurs. Que la société ne devrait
pas "
+"être façonnée selon leurs intérêts. Nous devons continuer… Parce
que "
+"vous voyez, l'idée qu'ils ont répandue â que tout ce qui réduit leur
revenu "
+"est immoral et que donc les gens doivent être restreints dans leurs "
+"activités par tous les moyens, pour garantir qu'ils seront payés "
+"entièrement, c'est ce principe de base que nous devons attaquer en premier. "
+"En général, la tactique des gens est de se concentrer sur des questions "
+"secondaires, vous savez… Quand les éditeurs exigent plus de pouvoir, "
+"les gens disent habituellement que cela causera une certaine sorte de "
+"préjudice secondaire, et basent leurs arguments là -dessus. Mais vous
trouvez "
+"rarement quelqu'un (excepté moi) qui dise que la raison d'être du
changement "
+"est mauvaise, que c'est une erreur de poser ce genre de restrictions, qu'il "
+"est légitime pour les gens de vouloir modifier les copies et que ça devrait
"
+"leur être permis. Nous devrions être plus nombreux à le dire. Nous devons "
+"commencer à couper la racine de leur empire et pas simplement taillader "
+"quelques feuilles."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. It's certainly suggesting the idea
+# | to people. We'll see. I don't the answers, I don't know how we're going
+# | to get there, I'm trying to think about where we should get to. I know
+# | know how we can get there. The publishers are so powerful, and can get
+# | governments to do their bidding. How we're going to build up the kind of
+# | world where the public refuses to tolerate this any more I don't know. I
+# | think the first thing we have to do is to clearly reject the term pirate
+# | and the views that go with it. Every time we hear that we have to speak
+# | out and say this is propaganda, it's not wrong for people to share these
+# | published works with each other, it's sharing with you friend, it's good.
+# | And sharing with your friend is more important than how much money these
+# | companies get. The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of these
+# | companies.-]We have to keep on… because you see the idea that
+# | they've spread—that anything that reduces their income is immoral
+# | and therefore people must be restricted in any way it takes to guarantee
+# | for them to be paid for everything… that is the fundamental thing
+# | that we have to start attacking directly. People have mostly tried
+# | tactics of concentrating on secondary issues, you know, to when people,
+# | you know when the publishers demand increased power usually people saying
+# | it will cause some secondary kind of harm and arguing based on that but
+# | you rarely find anybody (except me) saying that the whole point of the
+# | change is wrong, that it's wrong to restrict it in that way, that it's
+# | legitimate for people to want to change copies and that they should be
+# | allowed to. We have to have more of this. We have to start cutting the
+# | root of their dominion not just hacking away at a few leaves.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. It's certainly suggesting the idea "
+#| "to people. We'll see. I don't the answers, I don't know how we're going "
+#| "to get there, I'm trying to think about where we should get to. I know "
+#| "know how we can get there. The publishers are so powerful, and can get "
+#| "governments to do their bidding. How we're going to build up the kind of "
+#| "world where the public refuses to tolerate this any more I don't know. I "
+#| "think the first thing we have to do is to clearly reject the term pirate "
+#| "and the views that go with it. Every time we hear that we have to speak "
+#| "out and say this is propaganda, it's not wrong for people to share these "
+#| "published works with each other, it's sharing with you friend, it's "
+#| "good. And sharing with your friend is more important than how much money "
+#| "these companies get. The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of "
+#| "these companies. We have to keep on… because you see the idea "
+#| "that they've spread—that anything that reduces their income is "
+#| "immoral and therefore people must be restricted in any way it takes to "
+#| "guarantee for them to be paid for everything… that is the "
+#| "fundamental thing that we have to start attacking directly. People have "
+#| "mostly tried tactics of concentrating on secondary issues, you know, to "
+#| "when people, you know when the publishers demand increased power usually "
+#| "people saying it will cause some secondary kind of harm and arguing based "
+#| "on that but you rarely find anybody (except me) saying that the whole "
+#| "point of the change is wrong, that it's wrong to restrict it in that way, "
+#| "that it's legitimate for people to want to change copies and that they "
+#| "should be allowed to. We have to have more of this. We have to start "
+#| "cutting the root of their dominion not just hacking away at a few leaves."
+msgid ""
+"We have to keep on… because you see the idea that they've "
+"spread—that anything that reduces their income is immoral and "
+"therefore people must be restricted in any way it takes to guarantee for "
+"them to be paid for everything… that is the fundamental thing that we "
+"have to start attacking directly. People have mostly tried tactics of "
+"concentrating on secondary issues, you know, to when people, you know when "
+"the publishers demand increased power usually people saying it will cause "
+"some secondary kind of harm and arguing based on that but you rarely find "
+"anybody (except me) saying that the whole point of the change is wrong, that "
+"it's wrong to restrict it in that way, that it's legitimate for people to "
+"want to change copies and that they should be allowed to. We have to have "
+"more of this. We have to start cutting the root of their dominion not just "
+"hacking away at a few leaves."
msgstr ""
"<strong>RMS</strong> : Je ne sais pas. Cela suggère certainement l'idée Ã
"
"des gens. Nous verrons., je n'ai pas les réponses. Je ne sais pas comment "
@@ -2345,3 +3543,61 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "So what are some of them? Well, first of all there are various different "
+#~ "contexts for copying. There is commercial sale of copies in the stores "
+#~ "at one extreme and at the other there is privately making a copy for your "
+#~ "friend once in a while, and in between there are other things, like, "
+#~ "there's broadcasting on TV or the radio, there's posting it on the "
+#~ "website, there's handing it out to all the people in an organisation, and "
+#~ "some of these things could be done either commercially or non-"
+#~ "commercially. You know, you could imagine a company handing out copies "
+#~ "to its staff or you could imagine a school doing it, or some private, non-"
+#~ "profit organisation doing it. Different situations, and we don't have to "
+#~ "treat them all the same. So one way in we could reclaim the… in "
+#~ "general though, the activities that are the most private are those that "
+#~ "are most crucial to our freedom and our way of life, whereas the most "
+#~ "public and commercial are those that are most useful for providing some "
+#~ "sort of income for authors so it's a natural situation for a compromise "
+#~ "in which the limits of copyright are put somewhere in the middle so that "
+#~ "a substantial part of the activity still is covered and provides an "
+#~ "income for authors, while the activities that are most directly relevant "
+#~ "to peoples' private lives become free again. And this is the sort of "
+#~ "thing that I propose doing with copyright for things such as novels and "
+#~ "biographies and memoires and essays and so on. That at the very minimum, "
+#~ "people should always have a right to share a copy with a friend. It's "
+#~ "when governments have to prevent that kind of activity that they have to "
+#~ "start intruding into everyone's lives and using harsh punishments. The "
+#~ "only way basically to stop people in their private lives from sharing is "
+#~ "with a police state, but public commercial activities can be regulated "
+#~ "much more easily and much more painlessly."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Examinons-en quelques-uns. Eh bien tout d'abord, il y a plusieurs "
+#~ "contextes différents pour la copie. Il y a d'un côté la vente
commerciale "
+#~ "de copies dans des magasins, et de l'autre il y a la copie privée pour un
"
+#~ "ami de temps à autre, et entre les deux il y a d'autres choses comme la "
+#~ "radio- ou télédiffusion, la publication sur le web, la distribution "
+#~ "collective dans une organisation, et toutes ces choses que l'on peut "
+#~ "faire de façon commerciale ou non commerciale. Vous savez, vous pouvez "
+#~ "imaginer une entreprise qui distribue des exemplaires à son personnel ou "
+#~ "alors vous pouvez imaginer une école, ou quelque organisation privée non
"
+#~ "commerciale qui le fasse â différentes situations que nous n'avons pas
à "
+#~ "traiter toutes de la même manière. Aussi la façon dont nous pourrions "
+#~ "récupérer le… En général, pourtant, les activités qui sont les
"
+#~ "plus privées sont les plus importantes pour notre liberté et notre
façon "
+#~ "de vivre, tandis que les plus publiques et commerciales sont les plus "
+#~ "utiles pour procurer quelque revenu aux auteurs. C'est donc une situation "
+#~ "naturelle de compromis dans lequel les limites du copyright se placent "
+#~ "quelque part entre les deux, de sorte qu'une part substantielle de "
+#~ "l'activité reste couverte et fournisse toujours un revenu aux auteurs, "
+#~ "tandis que celle qui relève le plus directement de la vie privée des
gens "
+#~ "redevient libre. C'est ce genre de chose que je propose de faire lorsque "
+#~ "le copyright s'applique à des romans, des biographies, des mémoires, des
"
+#~ "essais, etc. Qu'au strict minimum, les gens aient toujours le droit de "
+#~ "partager une copie avec un ami. C'est quand les gouvernements doivent "
+#~ "empêcher ce genre d'activités qu'ils sont obligés de s'introduire dans
la "
+#~ "vie privée des gens et user de punitions sévères. La seule façon "
+#~ "d'empêcher les gens de partager dans leur vie privée c'est avec un état
"
+#~ "policier, mais les activités commerciales et publiques peuvent être "
+#~ "réglementées de façon beaucoup plus facile et indolore."
Index: philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:21
-0000 1.7
+++ philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37
-0000 1.8
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-versus-community-2000.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:28-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -190,18 +190,23 @@
"this to show off their wealth: they had beautiful illuminated wealth to show "
"that they could afford this. And poor people still sometimes copied books "
"by hand because they couldn't afford printed copies. As the song goes "
-"“Time ain't money when all you got is time.” So some poor people "
-"copied books with a pen. But for the most part the books were all made on "
-"printing presses by publishers and copyright as a system fitted in very well "
-"with the technical system. For one thing it was painless for readers, "
-"because the readers weren't going to make copies anyway, except for the very "
-"rich ones who could presumably legitimise it, or the very poor ones who were "
-"making just individual copies and no one was going to go after them with "
-"lawyers. And the system was fairly easy to enforce again because there were "
-"only a small number of places where it had to be enforced: only the printing "
-"presses, and because of this it didn't require, it didn't involve, a "
-"struggle against the public. You didn't find just about everybody trying to "
-"copy books and being threatened with arrest for doing it."
+"“Time ain't money when all you got is time.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So some poor people copied books with a pen. But for the most part the "
+"books were all made on printing presses by publishers and copyright as a "
+"system fitted in very well with the technical system. For one thing it was "
+"painless for readers, because the readers weren't going to make copies "
+"anyway, except for the very rich ones who could presumably legitimise it, or "
+"the very poor ones who were making just individual copies and no one was "
+"going to go after them with lawyers. And the system was fairly easy to "
+"enforce again because there were only a small number of places where it had "
+"to be enforced: only the printing presses, and because of this it didn't "
+"require, it didn't involve, a struggle against the public. You didn't find "
+"just about everybody trying to copy books and being threatened with arrest "
+"for doing it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -358,14 +363,18 @@
"it was useless, you discover a use for it, then you have to reconsider the "
"desirability of those old deals that used to be advantageous. Typically in "
"a such a situation you decide that “I'm not going to sell all of this "
-"any more; I'm going to keep some of it and use it.” So if you were "
-"giving up a freedom that you couldn't exercise and now you can exercise it, "
-"you probably want to start retaining the right to exercise it at least "
-"partially. You might still trade part of the freedom: and there are many "
-"alternatives of different bargains which trade parts of the freedom and keep "
-"other parts. So, precisely what you want to do requires thought, but in any "
-"case you want to reconsider the old bargain, and you probably want to sell "
-"less of what you sold in the past."
+"any more; I'm going to keep some of it and use it.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So if you were giving up a freedom that you couldn't exercise and now you "
+"can exercise it, you probably want to start retaining the right to exercise "
+"it at least partially. You might still trade part of the freedom: and there "
+"are many alternatives of different bargains which trade parts of the freedom "
+"and keep other parts. So, precisely what you want to do requires thought, "
+"but in any case you want to reconsider the old bargain, and you probably "
+"want to sell less of what you sold in the past."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -423,16 +432,20 @@
"different actions that can be done with a copyright and there are various "
"situations in which you might do them, and each of those is an independent "
"question. Should copyright cover this or not? In addition, there is a "
-"question of “How long?”. Copyright used to be much shorter in "
-"its period or duration, and it's been extended over and over again in the "
-"past fifty years or so and in fact in now appears that the owners of "
-"copyrights are planning to keep on extending copyrights so that they will "
-"never expire again. The US constitution says that “copyright must "
-"exist for a limited time” but the publishers have found a way around "
-"this: every twenty years they make copyright twenty years longer, and this "
-"way, no copyright will ever expire again. Now a thousand years from now, "
-"copyright might last for 1200 years, just basically enough so that copyright "
-"on Mickey Mouse can not expire."
+"question of “How long?”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright used to be much shorter in its period or duration, and it's been "
+"extended over and over again in the past fifty years or so and in fact in "
+"now appears that the owners of copyrights are planning to keep on extending "
+"copyrights so that they will never expire again. The US constitution says "
+"that “copyright must exist for a limited time” but the "
+"publishers have found a way around this: every twenty years they make "
+"copyright twenty years longer, and this way, no copyright will ever expire "
+"again. Now a thousand years from now, copyright might last for 1200 years, "
+"just basically enough so that copyright on Mickey Mouse can not expire."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -469,20 +482,28 @@
"things could be done either commercially or non-commercially. You know, you "
"could imagine a company handing out copies to its staff or you could imagine "
"a school doing it, or some private, non-profit organisation doing it. "
-"Different situations, and we don't have to treat them all the same. So one "
-"way in we could reclaim the… in general though, the activities that "
-"are the most private are those that are most crucial to our freedom and our "
-"way of life, whereas the most public and commercial are those that are most "
-"useful for providing some sort of income for authors so it's a natural "
+"Different situations, and we don't have to treat them all the same."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So one way in we could reclaim the… in general though, the activities "
+"that are the most private are those that are most crucial to our freedom and "
+"our way of life, whereas the most public and commercial are those that are "
+"most useful for providing some sort of income for authors so it's a natural "
"situation for a compromise in which the limits of copyright are put "
"somewhere in the middle so that a substantial part of the activity still is "
"covered and provides an income for authors, while the activities that are "
"most directly relevant to peoples' private lives become free again. And "
"this is the sort of thing that I propose doing with copyright for things "
-"such as novels and biographies and memoires and essays and so on. That at "
-"the very minimum, people should always have a right to share a copy with a "
-"friend. It's when governments have to prevent that kind of activity that "
-"they have to start intruding into everyone's lives and using harsh "
+"such as novels and biographies and memoires and essays and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That at the very minimum, people should always have a right to share a copy "
+"with a friend. It's when governments have to prevent that kind of activity "
+"that they have to start intruding into everyone's lives and using harsh "
"punishments. The only way basically to stop people in their private lives "
"from sharing is with a police state, but public commercial activities can be "
"regulated much more easily and much more painlessly."
@@ -512,11 +533,16 @@
"means we have to almost completely get rid of copyright but the free "
"software movement is showing that the progress that society wants that is "
"supposedly the justification for society having copyright can happen in "
-"other ways. We don't have to give up these important freedoms to have "
-"progress. Now the publishers are always asking us to presuppose that their "
-"there is no way to get progress without giving up our crucial freedoms and "
-"the most important thing I think about the free software movement is to show "
-"them that their pre-supposition is unjustified."
+"other ways."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't have to give up these important freedoms to have progress. Now the "
+"publishers are always asking us to presuppose that their there is no way to "
+"get progress without giving up our crucial freedoms and the most important "
+"thing I think about the free software movement is to show them that their "
+"pre-supposition is unjustified."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -527,19 +553,24 @@
"The public should not suppose that the only way to get progress is to have "
"copyright but even for these kinds of works there can be some kinds of "
"compromise copyright systems that are consistent with giving people the "
-"freedom to publish modified versions. Look, for example, at the GNU free "
-"documentation license, which is used to make a book free. It allows anyone "
-"to make and sell copies of a modified version, but it requires giving credit "
-"in certain ways to the original authors and publishers in a way that can "
-"give them a commercial advantage and thus I believe make it possible to have "
-"commercial publishing of free textbooks, and if this works people are just "
-"beginning to try it commercially. The Free Software Foundation has been "
-"selling lots of copies of various free books for almost fifteen years now "
-"and it's been successful for us. At this point though, commercial "
-"publishers are just beginning to try this particular approach, but I think "
-"that even for functional works where the freedom to publish modified works "
-"is essential, some kind of compromise copyright system can be worked out, "
-"which permits everyone that freedom."
+"freedom to publish modified versions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Look, for example, at the GNU free documentation license, which is used to "
+"make a book free. It allows anyone to make and sell copies of a modified "
+"version, but it requires giving credit in certain ways to the original "
+"authors and publishers in a way that can give them a commercial advantage "
+"and thus I believe make it possible to have commercial publishing of free "
+"textbooks, and if this works people are just beginning to try it "
+"commercially. The Free Software Foundation has been selling lots of copies "
+"of various free books for almost fifteen years now and it's been successful "
+"for us. At this point though, commercial publishers are just beginning to "
+"try this particular approach, but I think that even for functional works "
+"where the freedom to publish modified works is essential, some kind of "
+"compromise copyright system can be worked out, which permits everyone that "
+"freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -550,15 +581,20 @@
"offers to do business with people, statements of one's legal position, "
"memoirs, anything that says, whose point is to say what you think or you "
"want or what you like. Book reviews and restaurant reviews are also in this "
-"category: it's expressing a personal opinion or position. Now for these "
-"kinds of works, making a modified version is not a useful thing to do. So I "
-"see no reason why people should need to have the freedom to publish modified "
-"versions of these works. Verbatim copying is the only thing that people "
-"need to have the freedom to do and because of this we can consider the idea "
-"that the freedom to distribute copies should only apply in some situations, "
-"for example if it were limited to non-commercial distribution that would be "
-"OK I think. Ordinary citizen's lives would no longer be restricted but "
-"publishers would still be covered by copyright for these things."
+"category: it's expressing a personal opinion or position."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now for these kinds of works, making a modified version is not a useful "
+"thing to do. So I see no reason why people should need to have the freedom "
+"to publish modified versions of these works. Verbatim copying is the only "
+"thing that people need to have the freedom to do and because of this we can "
+"consider the idea that the freedom to distribute copies should only apply in "
+"some situations, for example if it were limited to non-commercial "
+"distribution that would be OK I think. Ordinary citizen's lives would no "
+"longer be restricted but publishers would still be covered by copyright for "
+"these things."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -759,18 +795,22 @@
"sell all the paraphernalia with the pictures and characters on them. You "
"know, that's so crassly commercial it hardly matters if that is limited to "
"one company in most cases. Maybe the copyright on the movies themselves, "
-"maybe that's legitimate for that to last twenty years. Meanwhile for "
-"software, I suspect that a three year copyright would be enough. You see if "
-"each version of the programme remains copyrighted for three years after its "
-"release well, unless the company is in real bad trouble they should have a "
-"new version before those three years are up and there will be a lot of "
-"people who will want to use the newer version, so if older versions are all "
-"becoming free software automatically, the company would still have a "
-"business with the newer version. Now this is a compromise as I see it, "
-"because it is a system in which not all software is free, but it might be an "
-"acceptable compromise, after all, if we had to wait three years in some "
-"cases for programs to become free… well, that's no disaster. To be "
-"using three years old software is not a disaster."
+"maybe that's legitimate for that to last twenty years."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile for software, I suspect that a three year copyright would be "
+"enough. You see if each version of the programme remains copyrighted for "
+"three years after its release well, unless the company is in real bad "
+"trouble they should have a new version before those three years are up and "
+"there will be a lot of people who will want to use the newer version, so if "
+"older versions are all becoming free software automatically, the company "
+"would still have a business with the newer version. Now this is a "
+"compromise as I see it, because it is a system in which not all software is "
+"free, but it might be an acceptable compromise, after all, if we had to wait "
+"three years in some cases for programs to become free… well, that's "
+"no disaster. To be using three years old software is not a disaster."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -849,16 +889,21 @@
"putting people in prison for years because they shared with their friends, "
"but still does in various ways encourage people to write more. We can also "
"I believe look for other ways of encouraging writing other ways of "
-"facilitating authors making money. For example, suppose that verbatim "
-"redistribution of a work is permitted and suppose that the work comes with "
-"something, so that when you are playing with it or reading it, there is a "
-"box on the side that says “click here to send one dollar to the "
-"authors or the musicians or whatever” I think that in the wealthier "
-"parts of the world a lot of people will send it because people often really "
-"love the authors and musicians that made the things that they like to read "
-"and listen to. And the interesting thing is that the royalty that they get "
-"now is such a small fraction that if you pay twenty dollars for something "
-"they're probably not getting more than one anyway."
+"facilitating authors making money."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, suppose that verbatim redistribution of a work is permitted and "
+"suppose that the work comes with something, so that when you are playing "
+"with it or reading it, there is a box on the side that says “click "
+"here to send one dollar to the authors or the musicians or whatever” I "
+"think that in the wealthier parts of the world a lot of people will send it "
+"because people often really love the authors and musicians that made the "
+"things that they like to read and listen to. And the interesting thing is "
+"that the royalty that they get now is such a small fraction that if you pay "
+"twenty dollars for something they're probably not getting more than one "
+"anyway."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -872,8 +917,12 @@
"mail the cheque to? You'd have to dig up their address, which might not be "
"easy. But with a convenient internet payment system which makes it "
"efficient to pay someone one dollar, then we could put this into all the "
-"copies, and then I think you'd find the mechanism starting to work well. It "
-"may take five of ten years for the ideas to spread around, because it's a "
+"copies, and then I think you'd find the mechanism starting to work well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It may take five of ten years for the ideas to spread around, because it's a "
"cultural thing, you know, at first people might find it a little surprising "
"but once it gets normal people would become accustomed to sending the money, "
"and it wouldn't be a lot of money compared to what it costs to buy books "
@@ -898,15 +947,20 @@
"to the same people but when you have different version which have been "
"worked on by different people there's no simple automatic way of working out "
"who ought to get what fraction of what users donate for this version or that "
-"version. It's philosophically hard to decide how important each "
-"contribution is, and all the obvious ways of trying to measure it are "
-"<em>[emphasis]</em> obviously <em>[/emphasis]</em> wrong in some cases, "
-"they're obviously closing their eyes to some important part of the facts so "
-"I think that this kind of solution is probably not feasible when everybody "
-"is free to publish modified versions. But for those kinds of works where it "
-"is not crucial to have the freedom to publish modified versions then this "
-"solution can be applied very simply once we have the convenient internet "
-"payment system to base it on."
+"version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It's philosophically hard to decide how important each contribution is, and "
+"all the obvious ways of trying to measure it are <em>[emphasis]</em> "
+"obviously <em>[/emphasis]</em> wrong in some cases, they're obviously "
+"closing their eyes to some important part of the facts so I think that this "
+"kind of solution is probably not feasible when everybody is free to publish "
+"modified versions. But for those kinds of works where it is not crucial to "
+"have the freedom to publish modified versions then this solution can be "
+"applied very simply once we have the convenient internet payment system to "
+"base it on."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -931,13 +985,17 @@
"people there are trying to set up something more or less like this. I think "
"that what they are hoping to do is collect a bunch of payments that you make "
"to various different people, and eventually charge your credit card once it "
-"gets to be big enough so that it's efficient. Whether those kind of systems "
-"work smoothly enough in practice that they'll get going is not clear, and "
-"whether they will become adopted widely enough for them to become a normal "
-"cultural practice is not clear. It may be that in order for these voluntary "
-"payments to truly catch on we need to have some kind of… you need to "
-"see the idea everywhere in order to… “Yeah, I outta pay“ "
-"once in a while. We'll see."
+"gets to be big enough so that it's efficient."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Whether those kind of systems work smoothly enough in practice that they'll "
+"get going is not clear, and whether they will become adopted widely enough "
+"for them to become a normal cultural practice is not clear. It may be that "
+"in order for these voluntary payments to truly catch on we need to have some "
+"kind of… you need to see the idea everywhere in order to… "
+"“Yeah, I outta pay“ once in a while. We'll see."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1056,16 +1114,20 @@
"I challenge them to sue me.” Now that you might consider doing, and if "
"you're right and the laws are not valid in France then the case would get "
"thrown out. I don't know. Maybe that is a good idea to do, I don't know "
-"whether, what its effects politically would be. I know that there was just "
-"a couple of years ago a law was passed in Europe to prohibit some kind of "
-"private copying of music, and the record companies trotted out some famous "
-"very popular musicians to push for this law and they got it, so it's clear "
-"that they have a lot of influence here too, and it's possible that they will "
-"get more, just pass another law to change this. We have to think about the "
-"political strategy for building the constituency to resist such changes and "
-"the actions we take should be designed to accomplish that. Now, I'm no "
-"expert on how to accomplish that in Europe but that's what people should "
-"think about."
+"whether, what its effects politically would be."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I know that there was just a couple of years ago a law was passed in Europe "
+"to prohibit some kind of private copying of music, and the record companies "
+"trotted out some famous very popular musicians to push for this law and they "
+"got it, so it's clear that they have a lot of influence here too, and it's "
+"possible that they will get more, just pass another law to change this. We "
+"have to think about the political strategy for building the constituency to "
+"resist such changes and the actions we take should be designed to accomplish "
+"that. Now, I'm no expert on how to accomplish that in Europe but that's "
+"what people should think about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1199,14 +1261,18 @@
"something and they would agree to keep it secret. But now, it's turning "
"into something where the public in general is becoming conscripted into "
"keeping secrets for business even if they have never agreed in any way to "
-"keep these secrets and that's a pressure. So those who pretend that trade "
-"secrecy is just carrying out some natural right of theirs; that's just not "
-"true any more. They're getting explicit government help in forcing other "
-"people to keep their secrets. And we might want to consider whether "
-"non-disclosure agreements should in general be considered legitimate "
-"contracts because of the anti-social nature of trade secrecy it shouldn't be "
-"considered automatic that just because somebody has promised to keep a "
-"secret that that means it's binding."
+"keep these secrets and that's a pressure."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So those who pretend that trade secrecy is just carrying out some natural "
+"right of theirs; that's just not true any more. They're getting explicit "
+"government help in forcing other people to keep their secrets. And we might "
+"want to consider whether non-disclosure agreements should in general be "
+"considered legitimate contracts because of the anti-social nature of trade "
+"secrecy it shouldn't be considered automatic that just because somebody has "
+"promised to keep a secret that that means it's binding."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1308,11 +1374,16 @@
"that it's not in danger, and other institutions would set up mirror sites, "
"and I predict that you would find ten years down the road, a very well "
"organised unofficial system of co-ordinating the mirroring to make sure that "
-"nothing was getting left out. At this point the amount that it costs to set "
-"up the mirror site for years of a journal is so little that it doesn't "
-"require any special funding; nobody has to work very hard: just let "
-"librarians do it. Anyway, oh there was some other thing that this raised "
-"and I can't remember what it is. Oh well, I'll just have to let it go."
+"nothing was getting left out."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At this point the amount that it costs to set up the mirror site for years "
+"of a journal is so little that it doesn't require any special funding; "
+"nobody has to work very hard: just let librarians do it. Anyway, oh there "
+"was some other thing that this raised and I can't remember what it is. Oh "
+"well, I'll just have to let it go."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1337,20 +1408,24 @@
"say this is propaganda, it's not wrong for people to share these published "
"works with each other, it's sharing with you friend, it's good. And sharing "
"with your friend is more important than how much money these companies get. "
-"The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of these companies. We have to "
-"keep on… because you see the idea that they've spread—that "
-"anything that reduces their income is immoral and therefore people must be "
-"restricted in any way it takes to guarantee for them to be paid for "
-"everything… that is the fundamental thing that we have to start "
-"attacking directly. People have mostly tried tactics of concentrating on "
-"secondary issues, you know, to when people, you know when the publishers "
-"demand increased power usually people saying it will cause some secondary "
-"kind of harm and arguing based on that but you rarely find anybody (except "
-"me) saying that the whole point of the change is wrong, that it's wrong to "
-"restrict it in that way, that it's legitimate for people to want to change "
-"copies and that they should be allowed to. We have to have more of this. "
-"We have to start cutting the root of their dominion not just hacking away at "
-"a few leaves."
+"The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of these companies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We have to keep on… because you see the idea that they've "
+"spread—that anything that reduces their income is immoral and "
+"therefore people must be restricted in any way it takes to guarantee for "
+"them to be paid for everything… that is the fundamental thing that we "
+"have to start attacking directly. People have mostly tried tactics of "
+"concentrating on secondary issues, you know, to when people, you know when "
+"the publishers demand increased power usually people saying it will cause "
+"some secondary kind of harm and arguing based on that but you rarely find "
+"anybody (except me) saying that the whole point of the change is wrong, that "
+"it's wrong to restrict it in that way, that it's legitimate for people to "
+"want to change copies and that they should be allowed to. We have to have "
+"more of this. We have to start cutting the root of their dominion not just "
+"hacking away at a few leaves."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
Index: philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.fr.po 16 Sep 2012 07:22:23 -0000
1.8
+++ philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000
1.9
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: google-engineering-talk\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:28-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-15 22:48+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -87,6 +88,11 @@
"a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"#freedom-0-to-run-a-program-freedom-1-to-modify-it\">9. Freedom "
+#| "0 to run a program, Freedom 1 to modify it … 8</a>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#freedom-0-to-run-a-program-freedom-1-to-modify-it\">9. Freedom 0 "
"to run a program, Freedom 1 to modify it … 8</a>"
@@ -266,6 +272,11 @@
"l'avantage</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"#forbidding-is-forbidden-how-is-this-freedom\">34. Forbidding "
+#| "is forbidden how is this freedom? … 25</a>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#forbidding-is-forbidden-how-is-this-freedom\">34. Forbidding is "
"forbidden how is this freedom? … 25</a>"
@@ -358,6 +369,11 @@
msgstr "<a href=\"#tm\">2.</a> Comment cela a commencé"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>RICHARD:</b> Please raise your hands if you cannot hear me. [Laughter] "
+#| "Yes, somebody raised his hand."
msgid ""
"<b>RICHARD:</b> Please raise your hands if you cannot hear me. [Laughter] "
"Yes, somebody raised his hand."
@@ -455,6 +471,50 @@
"marqué fencepost.gnu.org. Mais c'est juste l'esprit hacker.)"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So I found myself in a situation where the only way you could get a modern
+# | computer and start to use it was to sign a non-disclosure agreement for
+# | some proprietary operating system. Because all the operating systems for
+# | modern computers in 1983 were proprietary, and there was no lawful way to
+# | get a copy of those operating systems without signing a non-disclosure
+# | agreement, which was unethical. So I decided to try to do something about
+# | it, to try to change that situation. And the only way I could think of to
+# | change it was to write another operating system, and then say as the
+# | author \"this system is free; you can have it without a non-disclosure
+# | agreement and you're welcome to redistribute it to other people. You're
+# | welcome to study how it works. You're welcome to change it.\" [-So,
+# | instead of being divided and helpless, the users of this system would live
+# | in freedom. Ordinary proprietary software is part of a scheme where users
+# | are deliberately kept divided and helpless. The program comes with a
+# | license that says you're forbidden to share it, and in most cases you
+# | can't get the source code, so you can't study it or change it. It may even
+# | have malicious features and you can't tell. With free software, we respect
+# | the user's freedom, and that's the whole point. The reason for the free
+# | software movement is so that the people of cyberspace can have freedom, so
+# | that there is a way to live in freedom and still use a computer, to avoid
+# | being kept divided and helpless.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I found myself in a situation where the only way you could get a "
+#| "modern computer and start to use it was to sign a non-disclosure "
+#| "agreement for some proprietary operating system. Because all the "
+#| "operating systems for modern computers in 1983 were proprietary, and "
+#| "there was no lawful way to get a copy of those operating systems without "
+#| "signing a non-disclosure agreement, which was unethical. So I decided to "
+#| "try to do something about it, to try to change that situation. And the "
+#| "only way I could think of to change it was to write another operating "
+#| "system, and then say as the author \"this system is free; you can have it "
+#| "without a non-disclosure agreement and you're welcome to redistribute it "
+#| "to other people. You're welcome to study how it works. You're welcome to "
+#| "change it.\" So, instead of being divided and helpless, the users of this "
+#| "system would live in freedom. Ordinary proprietary software is part of a "
+#| "scheme where users are deliberately kept divided and helpless. The "
+#| "program comes with a license that says you're forbidden to share it, and "
+#| "in most cases you can't get the source code, so you can't study it or "
+#| "change it. It may even have malicious features and you can't tell. With "
+#| "free software, we respect the user's freedom, and that's the whole point. "
+#| "The reason for the free software movement is so that the people of "
+#| "cyberspace can have freedom, so that there is a way to live in freedom "
+#| "and still use a computer, to avoid being kept divided and helpless."
msgid ""
"So I found myself in a situation where the only way you could get a modern "
"computer and start to use it was to sign a non-disclosure agreement for some "
@@ -466,16 +526,90 @@
"write another operating system, and then say as the author \"this system is "
"free; you can have it without a non-disclosure agreement and you're welcome "
"to redistribute it to other people. You're welcome to study how it works. "
-"You're welcome to change it.\" So, instead of being divided and helpless, "
-"the users of this system would live in freedom. Ordinary proprietary "
-"software is part of a scheme where users are deliberately kept divided and "
-"helpless. The program comes with a license that says you're forbidden to "
-"share it, and in most cases you can't get the source code, so you can't "
-"study it or change it. It may even have malicious features and you can't "
-"tell. With free software, we respect the user's freedom, and that's the "
-"whole point. The reason for the free software movement is so that the people "
-"of cyberspace can have freedom, so that there is a way to live in freedom "
-"and still use a computer, to avoid being kept divided and helpless."
+"You're welcome to change it.\""
+msgstr ""
+"Ainsi, je me suis retrouvé dans une situation où le seul moyen que j'avais "
+"d'obtenir un ordinateur moderne et de commencer à s'en servir était de "
+"signer un accord de non-divulgation pour un système d'exploitation privateur
"
+"quelconque. Parce qu'en 1983, tous les systèmes d'exploitation des "
+"ordinateurs modernes étaient privateurs, et il n'y avait pas d'autre moyen "
+"légal d'en obtenir une copie que de signer un accord de non-divulgation, ce "
+"qui est contraire à l'éthique. Aussi j'ai décidé de m'occuper de ça, "
+"d'essayer de changer cette situation. Et le seul moyen qui me soit venu à "
+"l'esprit pour la changer a été d'écrire un autre système d'exploitation, "
+"puis de dire, en tant qu'auteur : « Ce système est libre ; vous pouvez "
+"l'obtenir sans accord de non-divulgation et vous avez le droit de le "
+"redistribuer à d'autres. Vous avez le droit d'étudier comment il
fonctionne. "
+"Vous avez le droit de le modifier. » Donc, au lieu d'être divisés et "
+"impuissants, les utilisateurs de ce système vivraient dans la liberté. Le "
+"logiciel privateur ordinaire fait partie d'un plan où l'on garde "
+"délibérément les utilisateurs dans l'isolement et l'impuissance. Le "
+"programme est fourni avec une licence qui dit qu'on n'a pas le droit de le "
+"partager, et dans la plupart des cas on ne peut pas se procurer le code "
+"source, donc on ne peut ni l'étudier ni le modifier. Peut-être même qu'il
a "
+"des fonctionnalités malveillantes, mais on ne peut pas avoir de certitudes. "
+"Avec le logiciel libre, nous respectons les libertés de l'utilisateur et "
+"c'est ce qui importe. La raison d'être du mouvement du logiciel libre est de
"
+"donner la liberté aux habitants du cyberespace, pour qu'ils aient un moyen "
+"de vivre dans la liberté tout en continuant à utiliser un ordinateur, pour "
+"éviter qu'ils restent divisés et impuissants."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-So I found myself in a situation where the only way you could get a
+# | modern computer and start to use it was to sign a non-disclosure agreement
+# | for some proprietary operating system. Because all the operating systems
+# | for modern computers in 1983 were proprietary, and there was no lawful way
+# | to get a copy of those operating systems without signing a non-disclosure
+# | agreement, which was unethical. So I decided to try to do something about
+# | it, to try to change that situation. And the only way I could think of to
+# | change it was to write another operating system, and then say as the
+# | author \"this system is free; you can have it without a non-disclosure
+# | agreement and you're welcome to redistribute it to other people. You're
+# | welcome to study how it works. You're welcome to change it.\"-]So, instead
+# | of being divided and helpless, the users of this system would live in
+# | freedom. Ordinary proprietary software is part of a scheme where users are
+# | deliberately kept divided and helpless. The program comes with a license
+# | that says you're forbidden to share it, and in most cases you can't get
+# | the source code, so you can't study it or change it. It may even have
+# | malicious features and you can't tell. With free software, we respect the
+# | user's freedom, and that's the whole point. The reason for the free
+# | software movement is so that the people of cyberspace can have freedom, so
+# | that there is a way to live in freedom and still use a computer, to avoid
+# | being kept divided and helpless.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I found myself in a situation where the only way you could get a "
+#| "modern computer and start to use it was to sign a non-disclosure "
+#| "agreement for some proprietary operating system. Because all the "
+#| "operating systems for modern computers in 1983 were proprietary, and "
+#| "there was no lawful way to get a copy of those operating systems without "
+#| "signing a non-disclosure agreement, which was unethical. So I decided to "
+#| "try to do something about it, to try to change that situation. And the "
+#| "only way I could think of to change it was to write another operating "
+#| "system, and then say as the author \"this system is free; you can have it "
+#| "without a non-disclosure agreement and you're welcome to redistribute it "
+#| "to other people. You're welcome to study how it works. You're welcome to "
+#| "change it.\" So, instead of being divided and helpless, the users of this "
+#| "system would live in freedom. Ordinary proprietary software is part of a "
+#| "scheme where users are deliberately kept divided and helpless. The "
+#| "program comes with a license that says you're forbidden to share it, and "
+#| "in most cases you can't get the source code, so you can't study it or "
+#| "change it. It may even have malicious features and you can't tell. With "
+#| "free software, we respect the user's freedom, and that's the whole point. "
+#| "The reason for the free software movement is so that the people of "
+#| "cyberspace can have freedom, so that there is a way to live in freedom "
+#| "and still use a computer, to avoid being kept divided and helpless."
+msgid ""
+"So, instead of being divided and helpless, the users of this system would "
+"live in freedom. Ordinary proprietary software is part of a scheme where "
+"users are deliberately kept divided and helpless. The program comes with a "
+"license that says you're forbidden to share it, and in most cases you can't "
+"get the source code, so you can't study it or change it. It may even have "
+"malicious features and you can't tell. With free software, we respect the "
+"user's freedom, and that's the whole point. The reason for the free software "
+"movement is so that the people of cyberspace can have freedom, so that there "
+"is a way to live in freedom and still use a computer, to avoid being kept "
+"divided and helpless."
msgstr ""
"Ainsi, je me suis retrouvé dans une situation où le seul moyen que j'avais "
"d'obtenir un ordinateur moderne et de commencer à s'en servir était de "
@@ -630,6 +764,20 @@
"programme."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For instance, in the '60s and '70s there were many TECO text editors, "
+#| "more or less similar; typically each system would have a TECO and it "
+#| "would be called something-or-other-TECO. But one clever hacker called his "
+#| "program TINT, for \"TINT Is Not TECO\" -- the first recursive acronym. "
+#| "And we thought that was very funny. So after I developed the first Emacs "
+#| "extensible text editor in 1975, there were many imitations, and some were "
+#| "called this-or-that-Emacs. But one was called FINE for \"FINE Is Not Emacs"
+#| "\" and there was SINE for \"SINE Is Not Emacs\", and EINE for \"EINE Is "
+#| "Not Emacs\", and MINCE for \"MINCE Is Not Complete Emacs.\" Then EINE was "
+#| "mostly rewritten, and version two was called ZWEI for \"ZWEI Was EINE "
+#| "Initially.\" [Laughter]"
msgid ""
"For instance, in the '60s and '70s there were many TECO text editors, more "
"or less similar; typically each system would have a TECO and it would be "
@@ -729,6 +877,21 @@
msgstr "{[<b>PUBLIC :</b> inintelligible] [<b>RICHARD :</b> Merci !]}"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, having the name I could start work. I quit my job at MIT to begin "
+#| "writing pieces of the GNU operating system, in January 1984. I had to "
+#| "quit my job because, had I remained an MIT employee, that would have "
+#| "enabled MIT to claim to own all the code I was writing, and MIT could "
+#| "have turned it into proprietary software products. And since MIT had "
+#| "already done that kind of thing, I certainly couldn't trust them not to "
+#| "do so here. And I didn't want to have to argue with the MIT "
+#| "administration about all the details of the license I was going to use. "
+#| "So, by quitting my job, I took them out of the equation, and I have never "
+#| "had a job since then. However, the head of the AI Lab was nice enough to "
+#| "let me keep using the facilities, so I began using a UNIX machine at the "
+#| "AI Lab to start bootstrapping pieces of the GNU system."
msgid ""
"So, having the name I could start work. I quit my job at MIT to begin "
"writing pieces of the GNU operating system, in January 1984. I had to quit "
@@ -860,6 +1023,40 @@
"qui, au besoin, aurait pu me faire vivre."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | That's because I make efforts to resist expensive habits. An expensive
+# | habit is like a trap; it's dangerous. Now most Americans have the exact
+# | opposite attitude: if they make this much money, they look for how to
+# | spend this much, [makes ample gesture] which is completely imprudent. So
+# | they start buying houses and cars and boats and planes and rare stamps and
+# | artwork and adventure travel and children, [laughter] all sorts of
+# | expensive luxuries that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially
+# | the children. [-And then, the next thing they know, they've got to
+# | desperately struggle all day long to get money to pay for these things, so
+# | they have no time even to enjoy them, which is especially sad when it's a
+# | matter of children. The other things, I guess, can get repossessed. So
+# | then they become puppets of money, unable to decide what they're going to
+# | do with their lives. If you don't want to be a puppet of money, then
+# | resist the expensive habits, so that the less you need to spend to live
+# | on, the more flexibility you've got and the less of your life you're
+# | forced to spend to make that money.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "That's because I make efforts to resist expensive habits. An expensive "
+#| "habit is like a trap; it's dangerous. Now most Americans have the exact "
+#| "opposite attitude: if they make this much money, they look for how to "
+#| "spend this much, [makes ample gesture] which is completely imprudent. So "
+#| "they start buying houses and cars and boats and planes and rare stamps "
+#| "and artwork and adventure travel and children, [laughter] all sorts of "
+#| "expensive luxuries that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially "
+#| "the children. And then, the next thing they know, they've got to "
+#| "desperately struggle all day long to get money to pay for these things, "
+#| "so they have no time even to enjoy them, which is especially sad when "
+#| "it's a matter of children. The other things, I guess, can get "
+#| "repossessed. So then they become puppets of money, unable to decide what "
+#| "they're going to do with their lives. If you don't want to be a puppet of "
+#| "money, then resist the expensive habits, so that the less you need to "
+#| "spend to live on, the more flexibility you've got and the less of your "
+#| "life you're forced to spend to make that money."
msgid ""
"That's because I make efforts to resist expensive habits. An expensive habit "
"is like a trap; it's dangerous. Now most Americans have the exact opposite "
@@ -867,9 +1064,65 @@
"much, [makes ample gesture] which is completely imprudent. So they start "
"buying houses and cars and boats and planes and rare stamps and artwork and "
"adventure travel and children, [laughter] all sorts of expensive luxuries "
-"that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially the children. And "
-"then, the next thing they know, they've got to desperately struggle all day "
-"long to get money to pay for these things, so they have no time even to "
+"that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially the children."
+msgstr ""
+"C'est parce que je m'efforce de résister aux habitudes dispendieuses. Une "
+"habitude dispendieuse est comme un piège ; c'est dangereux. Pourtant, les "
+"Américains ont une attitude exactement opposée : s'ils gagnent cette
somme-"
+"ci, ils se demandent comment dépenser cette somme-là [geste de large "
+"amplitude], ce qui est tout à fait imprudent. Donc ils commencent à acheter
"
+"des maisons, et des voitures, et des bateaux, et des avions, et des timbres "
+"rares, et des Åuvres d'art, et des voyages d'aventure, et des enfants "
+"[rires], toutes sortes de luxes dispendieux qui consomment une grande partie "
+"des ressources de la planète, particulièrement les enfants. Et alors ils se
"
+"retrouvent à trimer toute la journée afin de gagner assez d'argent payer "
+"tous ces trucs, ce qui fait qu'ils n'ont pas le temps d'en profiter â bien
"
+"triste lorsqu'il s'agit d'enfants. Le reste, j'imagine, peut être saisi. "
+"Ainsi ils deviennent des marionnettes de l'argent, incapables de décider ce "
+"qu'ils vont faire de leurs vies. Si vous ne voulez pas devenir des "
+"marionnettes de l'argent, alors résistez aux habitudes dispendieuses. Moins "
+"vous aurez besoin de dépenser pour vivre, plus vous aurez de flexibilité et
"
+"moins de votre temps de vie vous serez forcés de dépenser pour gagner cet "
+"argent."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-That's because I make efforts to resist expensive habits. An expensive
+# | habit is like a trap; it's dangerous. Now most Americans have the exact
+# | opposite attitude: if they make this much money, they look for how to
+# | spend this much, [makes ample gesture] which is completely imprudent. So
+# | they start buying houses and cars and boats and planes and rare stamps and
+# | artwork and adventure travel and children, [laughter] all sorts of
+# | expensive luxuries that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially
+# | the children.-]And then, the next thing they know, they've got to
+# | desperately struggle all day long to get money to pay for these things, so
+# | they have no time even to enjoy them, which is especially sad when it's a
+# | matter of children. The other things, I guess, can get repossessed. So
+# | then they become puppets of money, unable to decide what they're going to
+# | do with their lives. If you don't want to be a puppet of money, then
+# | resist the expensive habits, so that the less you need to spend to live
+# | on, the more flexibility you've got and the less of your life you're
+# | forced to spend to make that money.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "That's because I make efforts to resist expensive habits. An expensive "
+#| "habit is like a trap; it's dangerous. Now most Americans have the exact "
+#| "opposite attitude: if they make this much money, they look for how to "
+#| "spend this much, [makes ample gesture] which is completely imprudent. So "
+#| "they start buying houses and cars and boats and planes and rare stamps "
+#| "and artwork and adventure travel and children, [laughter] all sorts of "
+#| "expensive luxuries that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially "
+#| "the children. And then, the next thing they know, they've got to "
+#| "desperately struggle all day long to get money to pay for these things, "
+#| "so they have no time even to enjoy them, which is especially sad when "
+#| "it's a matter of children. The other things, I guess, can get "
+#| "repossessed. So then they become puppets of money, unable to decide what "
+#| "they're going to do with their lives. If you don't want to be a puppet of "
+#| "money, then resist the expensive habits, so that the less you need to "
+#| "spend to live on, the more flexibility you've got and the less of your "
+#| "life you're forced to spend to make that money."
+msgid ""
+"And then, the next thing they know, they've got to desperately struggle all "
+"day long to get money to pay for these things, so they have no time even to "
"enjoy them, which is especially sad when it's a matter of children. The "
"other things, I guess, can get repossessed. So then they become puppets of "
"money, unable to decide what they're going to do with their lives. If you "
@@ -927,6 +1180,18 @@
"\"#TransNote8\"><sup>8</sup></a>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some users got their copies of GNU Emacs from me through the net, and did "
+#| "not pay. Some users got their copies from me on a tape, and did pay. And "
+#| "some got their copies from someone else, not from me, because everyone "
+#| "who had a copy was free to redistribute it. And did they pay that "
+#| "somebody else? Well, I don't know; that was between them. They didn't "
+#| "have to tell me. So GNU Emacs was gratis for some users and paid for for "
+#| "other users, but it was free software for all of them, because all of "
+#| "them had certain essential freedoms, which are the definition of free "
+#| "software."
msgid ""
"Some users got their copies of GNU Emacs from me through the net, and did "
"not pay. Some users got their copies from me on a tape, and did pay. And "
@@ -1003,8 +1268,14 @@
"libertés qu'aucun utilisateur d'ordinateur de devrait jamais se voir
refuser."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";>{+
+# | +}http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";>http://www.gnu.";
+#| "org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>]"
msgid ""
-"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/";
+"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";> http://www.gnu.org/";
"philosophy/free-sw.html</a>]"
msgstr ""
"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/";
@@ -1021,6 +1292,20 @@
"cette manière ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Freedom 2 is necessary so that you can live an upright life, so that you "
+#| "can be ethical, be a good member of society. If you use a program that "
+#| "does not give you Freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbor, the "
+#| "freedom to distribute copies to others, then you are facing a potential "
+#| "moral dilemma that could happen at any moment, when somebody comes up and "
+#| "says, \"could I have a copy of that program?\" At that point, what are "
+#| "you going to do? You're forced to choose between two evils. One evil is "
+#| "to make a copy of the program for that person and violate the license. "
+#| "The other evil is to comply with the license, but be a bad neighbor. So "
+#| "you've got to choose the lesser evil, which is to make a copy for that "
+#| "person and violate the license. [Laughter, applause]"
msgid ""
"Freedom 2 is necessary so that you can live an upright life, so that you can "
"be ethical, be a good member of society. If you use a program that does not "
@@ -1029,10 +1314,10 @@
"that could happen at any moment, when somebody comes up and says, \"could I "
"have a copy of that program?\" At that point, what are you going to do? "
"You're forced to choose between two evils. One evil is to make a copy of the "
-"program for that person and violate the license. The other evil is to comply "
-"with the license, but be a bad neighbor. So you've got to choose the lesser "
-"evil, which is to make a copy for that person and violate the license. "
-"[Laughter, applause]"
+"program for that person and violate the license. The other evil is to "
+"comply with the license, but be a bad neighbor. So you've got to choose the "
+"lesser evil, which is to make a copy for that person and violate the "
+"license. [Laughter, applause]"
msgstr ""
"La liberté 2 est nécessaire pour que vous puissiez vivre une vie droite, "
"éthique, être un bon citoyen. Si vous utilisez un programme qui ne vous "
@@ -1138,6 +1423,16 @@
"mal ; aider votre voisin est bien."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And what does it mean when they establish harsh punishments for anyone "
+#| "caught sharing? How much fear do you think it's going to take before "
+#| "everyone's too scared to help his neighbor? And do you want that terror "
+#| "campaign to go on in our society? I hope that the answer is no. We need "
+#| "to abolish the war on copying that is being imposed on our society. We "
+#| "need to say, loud and clear, \"copying and sharing with your neighbor is "
+#| "good, it's legitimate, and laws that prohibit this are wrong.\""
msgid ""
"And what does it mean when they establish harsh punishments for anyone "
"caught sharing? How much fear do you think it's going to take before "
@@ -1196,6 +1491,15 @@
"le modifier pour lui faire faire ce que vous voulez."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you don't have Freedom 1, you don't know what the program's doing. The "
+#| "developer is saying, \"just trust me\" and blind faith is the only way "
+#| "you can do it. And you have to be really blind, given that it's not "
+#| "unusual for proprietary programs to have malicious features, features "
+#| "that are put in not to serve the user, but rather to impose on, harm or "
+#| "restrict the user. For instance, spyware is quite common."
msgid ""
"If you don't have Freedom 1, you don't know what the program's doing. The "
"developer is saying, \"just trust me\" and blind faith is the only way you "
@@ -1386,6 +1690,18 @@
"et de faire toutes les modifications que veulent les utilisateurs."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So the only way we can really, fully have control over our own software "
+#| "is if we do so together. And that's what Freedom 3 is for. Freedom 3 is "
+#| "the freedom to publish a modified version, so others can use it too. And "
+#| "this is what enables us to work together, taking control of our software. "
+#| "Because I could make this change in a program and publish the modified "
+#| "version, and then you could make that change and publish the modified "
+#| "version, and someone else can make that change and publish the modified "
+#| "version. And now we've got a version with all three changes in it and "
+#| "everybody can switch to that if everybody likes it."
msgid ""
"So the only way we can really, fully have control over our own software is "
"if we do so together. And that's what Freedom 3 is for. Freedom 3 is the "
@@ -1483,6 +1799,19 @@
"bogue a été corrigé et quels nouveaux bogues nous vous avons réservés.Â
»"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But with free software, you're dealing with a free market, so that those "
+#| "who really value support can, in general, get better support for their "
+#| "money by using free software. Now, one paradoxical consequence of this "
+#| "is, when you have a choice between several non-free programs to do a job, "
+#| "this is actually a choice between monopolies. If you pick this program, "
+#| "the support for it afterwards will be a monopoly. If you pick this "
+#| "program, [points hand in different direction] the support for it will be "
+#| "a different monopoly, and if you pick this program, [points hand in "
+#| "different direction] the support for it will be yet another monopoly. So "
+#| "you're choosing one of these three monopolies."
msgid ""
"But with free software, you're dealing with a free market, so that those who "
"really value support can, in general, get better support for their money by "
@@ -1508,6 +1837,18 @@
"monopoles. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, what this shows is that merely having a choice between a discrete "
+#| "set of options is not freedom. Freedom is something much deeper and much "
+#| "broader than having a few choices you can make. Many people try to equate "
+#| "freedom with having some choice and they're missing the point completely. "
+#| "Freedom means that you get to make the decisions about how to live your "
+#| "life. {It doesn't mean, you know} Having three choices about being able "
+#| "to choose this master or this master or this master is just a choice of "
+#| "masters, and a choice of masters is not freedom. Freedom is having no "
+#| "master."
msgid ""
"Now, what this shows is that merely having a choice between a discrete set "
"of options is not freedom. Freedom is something much deeper and much broader "
@@ -1550,6 +1891,40 @@
"permettez-moi de vous donner un exemple qui montre comment cela se produit."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The biggest example I know of is the X Window System. It was developed at
+# | MIT in the late '80s and released under a license that gave the user all
+# | four freedoms, so if you got X in source code under that license, it was
+# | free software for you. Among those who got it were various computer
+# | manufacturers that distributed UNIX systems. They got the source code for
+# | X, they changed it as necessary to run on their platform, they compiled it
+# | and they put the binaries into their UNIX system, and they distributed
+# | only the binaries to all of their customers under the same license as the
+# | rest of UNIX -- the same non-disclosure agreement. [-So, for those many
+# | users, the X Window System was no more free than the rest of UNIX. In this
+# | paradoxical situation, the answer to the question \"is X free software or
+# | not?\" depended on where you made the measurement. If you made the
+# | measurement coming out of the developer's group, you'd say, \"I observe
+# | all four freedoms; it's free software.\" If you made the measurement among
+# | the users, you'd say, \"most of them don't have these freedoms; it's not
+# | free software.\"-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The biggest example I know of is the X Window System. It was developed at "
+#| "MIT in the late '80s and released under a license that gave the user all "
+#| "four freedoms, so if you got X in source code under that license, it was "
+#| "free software for you. Among those who got it were various computer "
+#| "manufacturers that distributed UNIX systems. They got the source code for "
+#| "X, they changed it as necessary to run on their platform, they compiled "
+#| "it and they put the binaries into their UNIX system, and they distributed "
+#| "only the binaries to all of their customers under the same license as the "
+#| "rest of UNIX -- the same non-disclosure agreement. So, for those many "
+#| "users, the X Window System was no more free than the rest of UNIX. In "
+#| "this paradoxical situation, the answer to the question \"is X free "
+#| "software or not?\" depended on where you made the measurement. If you "
+#| "made the measurement coming out of the developer's group, you'd say, \"I "
+#| "observe all four freedoms; it's free software.\" If you made the "
+#| "measurement among the users, you'd say, \"most of them don't have these "
+#| "freedoms; it's not free software.\""
msgid ""
"The biggest example I know of is the X Window System. It was developed at "
"MIT in the late '80s and released under a license that gave the user all "
@@ -1559,14 +1934,7 @@
"they changed it as necessary to run on their platform, they compiled it and "
"they put the binaries into their UNIX system, and they distributed only the "
"binaries to all of their customers under the same license as the rest of "
-"UNIX -- the same non-disclosure agreement. So, for those many users, the X "
-"Window System was no more free than the rest of UNIX. In this paradoxical "
-"situation, the answer to the question \"is X free software or not?\" "
-"depended on where you made the measurement. If you made the measurement "
-"coming out of the developer's group, you'd say, \"I observe all four "
-"freedoms; it's free software.\" If you made the measurement among the users, "
-"you'd say, \"most of them don't have these freedoms; it's not free software."
-"\""
+"UNIX -- the same non-disclosure agreement."
msgstr ""
"Le meilleur exemple que je connaisse est le système X Window. Il a été "
"développé au MIT à la fin des années 80 sous une licence qui donnait aux
"
@@ -1589,6 +1957,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"So, for those many users, the X Window System was no more free than the rest "
+"of UNIX. In this paradoxical situation, the answer to the question \"is X "
+"free software or not?\" depended on where you made the measurement. If you "
+"made the measurement coming out of the developer's group, you'd say, \"I "
+"observe all four freedoms; it's free software.\" If you made the measurement "
+"among the users, you'd say, \"most of them don't have these freedoms; it's "
+"not free software.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"The developers of X did not consider this a problem, because their goal was "
"not to give users freedom, it was to have a big success, and as far as they "
"were concerned, those many users who were using the X Window System without "
@@ -1620,17 +1999,54 @@
"Here's how it works: we start with a copyright notice which legally doesn't "
"actually make a difference anymore, but it reminds people that the program "
"is copyrighted, which means that, by default, it's prohibited to copy, "
-"distribute or modify this program. But then we say, \"you are authorized to "
-"make copies, you are authorized to distribute them, you are authorized to "
-"modify this program and you are authorized to publish modified or extended "
-"versions.\" But there is a condition, and the condition says that any "
-"program you distribute that contains any substantial part of this must, as a "
-"whole, be distributed under these conditions, no more and no less. Which "
-"means that, no matter how many people modify the program or how much, as "
-"long as any substantial amount of our code is in there, that program must be "
-"free software in the same way. In effect, we guarantee that nobody can put "
-"himself between you and me and strip off the freedom and pass the code on to "
-"you missing the freedom. In other words, forbidding is forbidden."
+"distribute or modify this program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Here's how it works: we start with a copyright notice which legally
+# | doesn't actually make a difference anymore, but it reminds people that the
+# | program is copyrighted, which means that, by default, it's prohibited to
+# | copy, distribute or modify this program.-]But then we say, \"you are
+# | authorized to make copies, you are authorized to distribute them, you are
+# | authorized to modify this program and you are authorized to publish
+# | modified or extended versions.\" But there is a condition, and the
+# | condition says that any program you distribute that contains any
+# | substantial part of this must, as a whole, be distributed under these
+# | conditions, no more and no less. Which means that, no matter how many
+# | people modify the program or how much, as long as any substantial amount
+# | of our code is in there, that program must be free software in the same
+# | way. In effect, we guarantee that nobody can put himself between you and
+# | me and strip off the freedom and pass the code on to you missing the
+# | freedom. In other words, forbidding is forbidden.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Here's how it works: we start with a copyright notice which legally "
+#| "doesn't actually make a difference anymore, but it reminds people that "
+#| "the program is copyrighted, which means that, by default, it's prohibited "
+#| "to copy, distribute or modify this program. But then we say, \"you are "
+#| "authorized to make copies, you are authorized to distribute them, you are "
+#| "authorized to modify this program and you are authorized to publish "
+#| "modified or extended versions.\" But there is a condition, and the "
+#| "condition says that any program you distribute that contains any "
+#| "substantial part of this must, as a whole, be distributed under these "
+#| "conditions, no more and no less. Which means that, no matter how many "
+#| "people modify the program or how much, as long as any substantial amount "
+#| "of our code is in there, that program must be free software in the same "
+#| "way. In effect, we guarantee that nobody can put himself between you and "
+#| "me and strip off the freedom and pass the code on to you missing the "
+#| "freedom. In other words, forbidding is forbidden."
+msgid ""
+"But then we say, \"you are authorized to make copies, you are authorized to "
+"distribute them, you are authorized to modify this program and you are "
+"authorized to publish modified or extended versions.\" But there is a "
+"condition, and the condition says that any program you distribute that "
+"contains any substantial part of this must, as a whole, be distributed under "
+"these conditions, no more and no less. Which means that, no matter how many "
+"people modify the program or how much, as long as any substantial amount of "
+"our code is in there, that program must be free software in the same way. In "
+"effect, we guarantee that nobody can put himself between you and me and "
+"strip off the freedom and pass the code on to you missing the freedom. In "
+"other words, forbidding is forbidden."
msgstr ""
"Voici comment ça marche : nous commençons avec un avis de copyright qui "
"juridiquement n'a plus d'importance, mais qui rappelle aux gens que le "
@@ -1654,6 +2070,44 @@
msgstr "<a href=\"#tm\">13.</a> Licence publique générale GNU"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Copyleft makes the four freedoms into inalienable rights for all users, so
+# | that wherever the code goes, the freedom goes with it. The specific
+# | license that we use to implement the general concept of copyleft is called
+# | the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. This license is
+# | used for around two thirds or three quarters of all free software
+# | packages. But that still leaves a substantial number that have other
+# | licenses. Some of those licenses are copyleft licenses, some are not. So
+# | we have copylefted free software and we have non-copylefted free software.
+# | [-In both cases, the developers have respected your freedom; they have not
+# | tried to trample your freedom. The difference is, with copyleft we go
+# | further and we actively defend your freedom against anyone who would try
+# | to be a middleman and take it away from you, whereas the developers of
+# | non-copylefted free software don't do that. They have not tried to take
+# | away your freedom, but they don't actively protect your freedom from
+# | anyone else. So I think that they could do more for the sake of freedom.
+# | But they haven't done anything bad; insofar as they have done things,
+# | those things are good. So I won't say that they are wrong, I will just say
+# | that they could do more. I think that they're making a mistake.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft makes the four freedoms into inalienable rights for all users, "
+#| "so that wherever the code goes, the freedom goes with it. The specific "
+#| "license that we use to implement the general concept of copyleft is "
+#| "called the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. This license "
+#| "is used for around two thirds or three quarters of all free software "
+#| "packages. But that still leaves a substantial number that have other "
+#| "licenses. Some of those licenses are copyleft licenses, some are not. So "
+#| "we have copylefted free software and we have non-copylefted free "
+#| "software. In both cases, the developers have respected your freedom; they "
+#| "have not tried to trample your freedom. The difference is, with copyleft "
+#| "we go further and we actively defend your freedom against anyone who "
+#| "would try to be a middleman and take it away from you, whereas the "
+#| "developers of non-copylefted free software don't do that. They have not "
+#| "tried to take away your freedom, but they don't actively protect your "
+#| "freedom from anyone else. So I think that they could do more for the sake "
+#| "of freedom. But they haven't done anything bad; insofar as they have done "
+#| "things, those things are good. So I won't say that they are wrong, I will "
+#| "just say that they could do more. I think that they're making a mistake."
msgid ""
"Copyleft makes the four freedoms into inalienable rights for all users, so "
"that wherever the code goes, the freedom goes with it. The specific license "
@@ -1662,17 +2116,79 @@
"around two thirds or three quarters of all free software packages. But that "
"still leaves a substantial number that have other licenses. Some of those "
"licenses are copyleft licenses, some are not. So we have copylefted free "
-"software and we have non-copylefted free software. In both cases, the "
-"developers have respected your freedom; they have not tried to trample your "
-"freedom. The difference is, with copyleft we go further and we actively "
-"defend your freedom against anyone who would try to be a middleman and take "
-"it away from you, whereas the developers of non-copylefted free software "
-"don't do that. They have not tried to take away your freedom, but they don't "
-"actively protect your freedom from anyone else. So I think that they could "
-"do more for the sake of freedom. But they haven't done anything bad; insofar "
-"as they have done things, those things are good. So I won't say that they "
-"are wrong, I will just say that they could do more. I think that they're "
-"making a mistake."
+"software and we have non-copylefted free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Le copyleft transforme les quatre libertés en droits inaliénables pour tous
"
+"les utilisateurs ; où qu'aille le code, la liberté va avec lui. La licence
"
+"spécifique que nous utilisons pour appliquer ce concept général a pour nom
"
+"« Licence publique générale GNU », GNU <acronym title=\"General Public "
+"License\">GPL</acronym> pour faire court. Environ les deux tiers ou les "
+"trois quarts de tous les paquets de logiciels libres utilisent cette "
+"licence. Mais il en reste un bon nombre qui ont d'autres licences. Certaines "
+"sont des licences avec copyleft, d'autres ne le sont pas. Ainsi nous avons "
+"des logiciels libres sous copyleft et des logiciels libres qui ne sont pas "
+"sous copyleft. Dans les deux cas les développeurs ont respecté votre "
+"liberté ; ils n'ont pas essayé de la piétiner. Mais voici la différenceÂ
: "
+"avec le copyleft nous pouvons aller plus loin et la défendre activement "
+"contre quiconque voudrait essayer de s'interposer pour vous en priver, "
+"tandis que les développeurs de logiciels libres qui ne sont pas sous "
+"copyleft ne font pas ça. Ils n'ont pas essayé de vous ôter votre liberté "
+"mais ils ne la protègent pas activement contre les autres. Aussi, je pense "
+"qu'ils pourraient faire plus au nom de la liberté. Mais ils n'ont rien fait "
+"de mal ; dans la mesure où ils ont fait quelque chose, c'est bien. Aussi je
"
+"ne dirai pas que c'est mal. Je dirai simplement qu'ils auraient pu faire "
+"plus. Je pense qu'ils font une erreur. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Copyleft makes the four freedoms into inalienable rights for all users,
+# | so that wherever the code goes, the freedom goes with it. The specific
+# | license that we use to implement the general concept of copyleft is called
+# | the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. This license is used
+# | for around two thirds or three quarters of all free software packages. But
+# | that still leaves a substantial number that have other licenses. Some of
+# | those licenses are copyleft licenses, some are not. So we have copylefted
+# | free software and we have non-copylefted free software.-]In both cases,
+# | the developers have respected your freedom; they have not tried to trample
+# | your freedom. The difference is, with copyleft we go further and we
+# | actively defend your freedom against anyone who would try to be a
+# | middleman and take it away from you, whereas the developers of
+# | non-copylefted free software don't do that. They have not tried to take
+# | away your freedom, but they don't actively protect your freedom from
+# | anyone else. So I think that they could do more for the sake of freedom.
+# | But they haven't done anything bad; insofar as they have done things,
+# | those things are good. So I won't say that they are wrong, I will just say
+# | that they could do more. I think that they're making a mistake.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft makes the four freedoms into inalienable rights for all users, "
+#| "so that wherever the code goes, the freedom goes with it. The specific "
+#| "license that we use to implement the general concept of copyleft is "
+#| "called the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. This license "
+#| "is used for around two thirds or three quarters of all free software "
+#| "packages. But that still leaves a substantial number that have other "
+#| "licenses. Some of those licenses are copyleft licenses, some are not. So "
+#| "we have copylefted free software and we have non-copylefted free "
+#| "software. In both cases, the developers have respected your freedom; they "
+#| "have not tried to trample your freedom. The difference is, with copyleft "
+#| "we go further and we actively defend your freedom against anyone who "
+#| "would try to be a middleman and take it away from you, whereas the "
+#| "developers of non-copylefted free software don't do that. They have not "
+#| "tried to take away your freedom, but they don't actively protect your "
+#| "freedom from anyone else. So I think that they could do more for the sake "
+#| "of freedom. But they haven't done anything bad; insofar as they have done "
+#| "things, those things are good. So I won't say that they are wrong, I will "
+#| "just say that they could do more. I think that they're making a mistake."
+msgid ""
+"In both cases, the developers have respected your freedom; they have not "
+"tried to trample your freedom. The difference is, with copyleft we go "
+"further and we actively defend your freedom against anyone who would try to "
+"be a middleman and take it away from you, whereas the developers of non-"
+"copylefted free software don't do that. They have not tried to take away "
+"your freedom, but they don't actively protect your freedom from anyone else. "
+"So I think that they could do more for the sake of freedom. But they haven't "
+"done anything bad; insofar as they have done things, those things are good. "
+"So I won't say that they are wrong, I will just say that they could do more. "
+"I think that they're making a mistake."
msgstr ""
"Le copyleft transforme les quatre libertés en droits inaliénables pour tous
"
"les utilisateurs ; où qu'aille le code, la liberté va avec lui. La licence
"
@@ -1728,6 +2244,22 @@
"et bien fait un logiciel libre."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, people were saying the job was so big, we'd never finish it. Well, I "
+#| "thought we would eventually get a free operating system but I agreed the "
+#| "job was big; we had to look for shortcuts. So, for instance, I always "
+#| "wanted to have windowing facilities in GNU. I had written a couple of "
+#| "window systems at the AI LAB before even starting GNU, so of course I "
+#| "wanted that in the system. But we never developed a GNU window system "
+#| "because someone else developed X first. I looked at it and I said, "
+#| "\"well, it's not copylefted, but it is free, it's popular, it's powerful, "
+#| "so let's just use it.\" And so we saved one big chunk of work. So we took "
+#| "it, X, and we put it into the GNU system and we started making other "
+#| "pieces of GNU work with X. Because the goal was to have a free operating "
+#| "system, not to have a free operating system every piece of which had been "
+#| "written purposely by us just for that."
msgid ""
"Now, people were saying the job was so big, we'd never finish it. Well, I "
"thought we would eventually get a free operating system but I agreed the job "
@@ -1737,9 +2269,9 @@
"system. But we never developed a GNU window system because someone else "
"developed X first. I looked at it and I said, \"well, it's not copylefted, "
"but it is free, it's popular, it's powerful, so let's just use it.\" And so "
-"we saved one big chunk of work. So we took it, X, and we put it into the GNU "
-"system and we started making other pieces of GNU work with X. Because the "
-"goal was to have a free operating system, not to have a free operating "
+"we saved one big chunk of work. So we took it, X, and we put it into the "
+"GNU system and we started making other pieces of GNU work with X. Because "
+"the goal was to have a free operating system, not to have a free operating "
"system every piece of which had been written purposely by us just for that."
msgstr ""
"Pourtant, les gens disaient que le travail était si énorme que nous ne le "
@@ -1764,6 +2296,38 @@
msgstr "<a href=\"#tm\">14.</a> Gagner de l'argent avec le logiciel libre"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | However, it only happened occasionally that someone else released some
+# | free software that was useful in GNU and when it happened, it was a
+# | coincidence, because they were not writing this software in order to have
+# | a free operating system. So when it happened, that was great, but there
+# | were lots of other pieces we had to develop. Some were developed by staff
+# | of the Free Software Foundation. The Free Software Foundation is a
+# | tax-exempt charity to promote free software which we founded in October,
+# | '85, after GNU Emacs' popularity suggested that people might actually
+# | start donating money to the GNU project. [-So we founded the Free Software
+# | Foundation and it asked for donations, but also took over selling the
+# | tapes of GNU Emacs. And it turns out that most of the FSF's income for the
+# | first many years came from that, from selling things, from selling copies
+# | of software and manuals that everyone was free to copy. Now this is
+# | interesting, because this was supposedly impossible; but we did it
+# | anyway.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, it only happened occasionally that someone else released some "
+#| "free software that was useful in GNU and when it happened, it was a "
+#| "coincidence, because they were not writing this software in order to have "
+#| "a free operating system. So when it happened, that was great, but there "
+#| "were lots of other pieces we had to develop. Some were developed by staff "
+#| "of the Free Software Foundation. The Free Software Foundation is a tax-"
+#| "exempt charity to promote free software which we founded in October, '85, "
+#| "after GNU Emacs' popularity suggested that people might actually start "
+#| "donating money to the GNU project. So we founded the Free Software "
+#| "Foundation and it asked for donations, but also took over selling the "
+#| "tapes of GNU Emacs. And it turns out that most of the FSF's income for "
+#| "the first many years came from that, from selling things, from selling "
+#| "copies of software and manuals that everyone was free to copy. Now this "
+#| "is interesting, because this was supposedly impossible; but we did it "
+#| "anyway."
msgid ""
"However, it only happened occasionally that someone else released some free "
"software that was useful in GNU and when it happened, it was a coincidence, "
@@ -1773,12 +2337,7 @@
"Software Foundation. The Free Software Foundation is a tax-exempt charity to "
"promote free software which we founded in October, '85, after GNU Emacs' "
"popularity suggested that people might actually start donating money to the "
-"GNU project. So we founded the Free Software Foundation and it asked for "
-"donations, but also took over selling the tapes of GNU Emacs. And it turns "
-"out that most of the FSF's income for the first many years came from that, "
-"from selling things, from selling copies of software and manuals that "
-"everyone was free to copy. Now this is interesting, because this was "
-"supposedly impossible; but we did it anyway."
+"GNU project."
msgstr ""
"Cependant il était très rare de voir quelqu'un d'autre publier un logiciel "
"libre utile à GNU, et quand ça arrivait, c'était une coïncidence parce
qu'il "
@@ -1799,6 +2358,16 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"So we founded the Free Software Foundation and it asked for donations, but "
+"also took over selling the tapes of GNU Emacs. And it turns out that most of "
+"the FSF's income for the first many years came from that, from selling "
+"things, from selling copies of software and manuals that everyone was free "
+"to copy. Now this is interesting, because this was supposedly impossible; "
+"but we did it anyway."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Now that meant I had to find some other way to make a living. As the "
"president of the FSF, I did not want to compete with it; I thought that "
"would be unfair and not correct behavior. So I started making my living by "
@@ -1919,12 +2488,21 @@
"pas du tout d'accord avec cette motivation."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another motive that's very important is fun. Programming is tremendous "
+#| "fun. Not for everybody, of course, but for a lot of the best programmers. "
+#| "And these are the people whose contributions we want most. In fact, it's "
+#| "so much fun, it's especially fun, when no one can tell you what to do, "
+#| "which is why so many people who have jobs programming like to write free "
+#| "software in their spare time."
msgid ""
"Another motive that's very important is fun. Programming is tremendous fun. "
"Not for everybody, of course, but for a lot of the best programmers. And "
-"these are the people whose contributions we want most. In fact, it's so much "
-"fun, it's especially fun, when no one can tell you what to do, which is why "
-"so many people who have jobs programming like to write free software in "
+"these are the people whose contributions we want most. In fact, it's so "
+"much fun, it's especially fun, when no one can tell you what to do, which is "
+"why so many people who have jobs programming like to write free software in "
"their spare time."
msgstr ""
"Une autre, très importante, est le plaisir. Programmer est prodigieusement "
@@ -1935,6 +2513,12 @@
"écrivent des logiciels libres pendant leurs loisirs."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But this is not the only motive; another motive is to be appreciated. If "
+#| "1% of our community is using your program, that's hundreds of thousands "
+#| "of users. That's a lot of people admiring you."
msgid ""
"But this is not the only motive; another motive is to be appreciated. If 1% "
"of our community is using your program, that's hundreds of thousands of "
@@ -1969,6 +2553,38 @@
"communauté qui vous a tant donné."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Another motivation is hatred for Microsoft. [Laughter] Now, this is a
+# | rather foolish motive, because Microsoft is really just one of many
+# | developers of non-free software and they're all doing the same evil thing.
+# | It's a mistake to focus [solely] on Microsoft, and this mistake can have
+# | bad consequences. When people focus too much on Microsoft, they start
+# | forgetting that all the others are doing something just as bad. And they
+# | may end up thinking that anything that competes with Microsoft is good,
+# | even if it is also non-free software and thus inherently just as evil.
+# | [-Now, it's true that these other companies have not subjugated as many
+# | users as Microsoft has, but that's not for want of trying; they just
+# | haven't succeeded in mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which is
+# | hardly, ethically speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this particular
+# | motive motivates} this motive does motivate people to develop free
+# | software, so we have to count it as one of the motives that has this
+# | result.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another motivation is hatred for Microsoft. [Laughter] Now, this is a "
+#| "rather foolish motive, because Microsoft is really just one of many "
+#| "developers of non-free software and they're all doing the same evil "
+#| "thing. It's a mistake to focus [solely] on Microsoft, and this mistake "
+#| "can have bad consequences. When people focus too much on Microsoft, they "
+#| "start forgetting that all the others are doing something just as bad. And "
+#| "they may end up thinking that anything that competes with Microsoft is "
+#| "good, even if it is also non-free software and thus inherently just as "
+#| "evil. Now, it's true that these other companies have not subjugated as "
+#| "many users as Microsoft has, but that's not for want of trying; they just "
+#| "haven't succeeded in mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which "
+#| "is hardly, ethically speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this "
+#| "particular motive motivates} this motive does motivate people to develop "
+#| "free software, so we have to count it as one of the motives that has this "
+#| "result."
msgid ""
"Another motivation is hatred for Microsoft. [Laughter] Now, this is a rather "
"foolish motive, because Microsoft is really just one of many developers of "
@@ -1977,13 +2593,64 @@
"When people focus too much on Microsoft, they start forgetting that all the "
"others are doing something just as bad. And they may end up thinking that "
"anything that competes with Microsoft is good, even if it is also non-free "
-"software and thus inherently just as evil. Now, it's true that these other "
-"companies have not subjugated as many users as Microsoft has, but that's not "
-"for want of trying; they just haven't succeeded in mistreating as many "
-"people as Microsoft has, which is hardly, ethically speaking, an excuse. "
-"Nonetheless, {when this particular motive motivates} this motive does "
-"motivate people to develop free software, so we have to count it as one of "
-"the motives that has this result."
+"software and thus inherently just as evil."
+msgstr ""
+"Une autre est la haine de Microsoft. [Rires] C'est une motivation assez "
+"ridicule, parce que Microsoft n'est vraiment qu'un des nombreux développeurs
"
+"de logiciels non libres ; ils se ressemblent tous dans leur malfaisance. "
+"C'est une erreur de se focaliser [uniquement] sur Microsoft, et cette erreur "
+"peut avoir des conséquences fâcheuses. Quand les gens se focalisent trop
sur "
+"Microsoft, ils commencent à oublier que tous les autres font des choses "
+"aussi mauvaises. Et ils peuvent finir par penser que tout ce qui fait "
+"concurrence à Microsoft est bon, même si c'est aussi du logiciel non libre,
"
+"donc intrinsèquement aussi malfaisant. Maintenant, c'est vrai que ces autres
"
+"sociétés n'ont pas mis un aussi grand nombre d'utilisateurs sous leur joug "
+"que Microsoft, mais ce n'est pas faute d'avoir d'essayé : ils n'ont "
+"simplement pas réussi à nuire à autant de gens que Microsoft, ce qui n'est
"
+"guère une excuse, sur le plan éthique. Néanmoins, on constate que cette "
+"motivation encourage des gens à développer du logiciel libre, aussi devons-"
+"nous la compter parmi celles qui ont ce résultat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Another motivation is hatred for Microsoft. [Laughter] Now, this is a
+# | rather foolish motive, because Microsoft is really just one of many
+# | developers of non-free software and they're all doing the same evil thing.
+# | It's a mistake to focus [solely] on Microsoft, and this mistake can have
+# | bad consequences. When people focus too much on Microsoft, they start
+# | forgetting that all the others are doing something just as bad. And they
+# | may end up thinking that anything that competes with Microsoft is good,
+# | even if it is also non-free software and thus inherently just as
+# | evil.-]Now, it's true that these other companies have not subjugated as
+# | many users as Microsoft has, but that's not for want of trying; they just
+# | haven't succeeded in mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which is
+# | hardly, ethically speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this particular
+# | motive motivates} this motive does motivate people to develop free
+# | software, so we have to count it as one of the motives that has this
+# | result.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another motivation is hatred for Microsoft. [Laughter] Now, this is a "
+#| "rather foolish motive, because Microsoft is really just one of many "
+#| "developers of non-free software and they're all doing the same evil "
+#| "thing. It's a mistake to focus [solely] on Microsoft, and this mistake "
+#| "can have bad consequences. When people focus too much on Microsoft, they "
+#| "start forgetting that all the others are doing something just as bad. And "
+#| "they may end up thinking that anything that competes with Microsoft is "
+#| "good, even if it is also non-free software and thus inherently just as "
+#| "evil. Now, it's true that these other companies have not subjugated as "
+#| "many users as Microsoft has, but that's not for want of trying; they just "
+#| "haven't succeeded in mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which "
+#| "is hardly, ethically speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this "
+#| "particular motive motivates} this motive does motivate people to develop "
+#| "free software, so we have to count it as one of the motives that has this "
+#| "result."
+msgid ""
+"Now, it's true that these other companies have not subjugated as many users "
+"as Microsoft has, but that's not for want of trying; they just haven't "
+"succeeded in mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which is hardly, "
+"ethically speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this particular motive "
+"motivates} this motive does motivate people to develop free software, so we "
+"have to count it as one of the motives that has this result."
msgstr ""
"Une autre est la haine de Microsoft. [Rires] C'est une motivation assez "
"ridicule, parce que Microsoft n'est vraiment qu'un des nombreux développeurs
"
@@ -2150,6 +2817,19 @@
"1984 sous le nom de projet GNU."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, this clearly isn't right. This system isn't Linux; it contains "
+#| "Linux, Linux is the kernel, but the system as a whole is basically GNU. "
+#| "So I ask you: please don't call it Linux. If you call it Linux, you're "
+#| "giving Linus Torvalds credit for our work. Now, he contributed one "
+#| "important piece of the system, but he didn't contribute the biggest part "
+#| "and the overall vision was there long before he got involved. We started "
+#| "developing the system when he was in junior high school. So please give "
+#| "us equal mention; surely we deserve at least that. You can do that by "
+#| "calling the system GNU/Linux, or GNU+Linux, or GNU&Linux, whichever "
+#| "punctuation mark you feel expresses it best."
msgid ""
"Now, this clearly isn't right. This system isn't Linux; it contains Linux, "
"Linux is the kernel, but the system as a whole is basically GNU. So I ask "
@@ -2230,6 +2910,38 @@
"jamais fait. Personne n'aurait produit une chose comme ça, à part nous."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But this tends to be forgotten nowadays. You will see, if you look around,
+# | most of the discussion of the GNU system calls it Linux, and tends to
+# | refer to it as \"open source\" rather than as \"free software\", and
+# | doesn't mention freedom as an issue. This issue, which is the reason for
+# | the system's existence, is mostly forgotten. You see many techies who
+# | prefer to think of technical questions in a narrowly technical context,
+# | without looking beyond at social effects of their technical decisions.
+# | Whether the software tramples your freedom or respects your freedom,
+# | that's part of the social context. That's exactly what techies tend to
+# | forget or devalue. [-We have to work constantly to remind people to pay
+# | attention to freedom and, unfortunately, while we keep doing this, the
+# | users of our system often don't pay attention because they don't know it's
+# | our system. They don't know it's the GNU system, they think it's Linux.
+# | And that's why it makes a real difference if you remind people where the
+# | system came from.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But this tends to be forgotten nowadays. You will see, if you look "
+#| "around, most of the discussion of the GNU system calls it Linux, and "
+#| "tends to refer to it as \"open source\" rather than as \"free software\", "
+#| "and doesn't mention freedom as an issue. This issue, which is the reason "
+#| "for the system's existence, is mostly forgotten. You see many techies who "
+#| "prefer to think of technical questions in a narrowly technical context, "
+#| "without looking beyond at social effects of their technical decisions. "
+#| "Whether the software tramples your freedom or respects your freedom, "
+#| "that's part of the social context. That's exactly what techies tend to "
+#| "forget or devalue. We have to work constantly to remind people to pay "
+#| "attention to freedom and, unfortunately, while we keep doing this, the "
+#| "users of our system often don't pay attention because they don't know "
+#| "it's our system. They don't know it's the GNU system, they think it's "
+#| "Linux. And that's why it makes a real difference if you remind people "
+#| "where the system came from."
msgid ""
"But this tends to be forgotten nowadays. You will see, if you look around, "
"most of the discussion of the GNU system calls it Linux, and tends to refer "
@@ -2239,12 +2951,7 @@
"think of technical questions in a narrowly technical context, without "
"looking beyond at social effects of their technical decisions. Whether the "
"software tramples your freedom or respects your freedom, that's part of the "
-"social context. That's exactly what techies tend to forget or devalue. We "
-"have to work constantly to remind people to pay attention to freedom and, "
-"unfortunately, while we keep doing this, the users of our system often don't "
-"pay attention because they don't know it's our system. They don't know it's "
-"the GNU system, they think it's Linux. And that's why it makes a real "
-"difference if you remind people where the system came from."
+"social context. That's exactly what techies tend to forget or devalue."
msgstr ""
"Mais de nos jours on tend à l'oublier. Vous verrez, si vous regardez autour "
"de vous, que la plupart des discussions sur le système GNU l'appellent "
@@ -2265,14 +2972,34 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"People will say to me that it doesn't look good to ask for credit. Well, I'm "
-"not asking for credit for me personally; I'm asking for credit for the GNU "
-"Project, which includes thousands of developers. But they are right, it's "
-"true: people who are looking for some reason to see evil can see evil in "
-"that. So they go on and say, \"you should let it drop, and when people call "
-"the system Linux, you can smile to yourself and take pride in a job well "
-"done.\" That would be very wise advice if the assumption were correct: the "
-"assumption that the job is done."
+"We have to work constantly to remind people to pay attention to freedom and, "
+"unfortunately, while we keep doing this, the users of our system often don't "
+"pay attention because they don't know it's our system. They don't know it's "
+"the GNU system, they think it's Linux. And that's why it makes a real "
+"difference if you remind people where the system came from."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "People will say to me that it doesn't look good to ask for credit. Well, "
+#| "I'm not asking for credit for me personally; I'm asking for credit for "
+#| "the GNU Project, which includes thousands of developers. But they are "
+#| "right, it's true: people who are looking for some reason to see evil can "
+#| "see evil in that. So they go on and say, \"you should let it drop, and "
+#| "when people call the system Linux, you can smile to yourself and take "
+#| "pride in a job well done.\" That would be very wise advice if the "
+#| "assumption were correct: the assumption that the job is done."
+msgid ""
+"People will say to me that it doesn't look good to ask for credit. Well, "
+"I'm not asking for credit for me personally; I'm asking for credit for the "
+"GNU Project, which includes thousands of developers. But they are right, "
+"it's true: people who are looking for some reason to see evil can see evil "
+"in that. So they go on and say, \"you should let it drop, and when people "
+"call the system Linux, you can smile to yourself and take pride in a job "
+"well done.\" That would be very wise advice if the assumption were correct: "
+"the assumption that the job is done."
msgstr ""
"Les gens me disent que ça fait mauvais effet de demander de la "
"reconnaissance. Je ne demande pas de reconnaissance pour moi "
@@ -2330,6 +3057,14 @@
msgstr "<a href=\"#tm\">18.</a> Ennemis du logiciel libre"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "At the beginning, GNU and the free software movement had no enemies. "
+#| "There were people who weren't interested, lots of them, but nobody was "
+#| "actively trying to stop us from developing and releasing a free operating "
+#| "system. Nowadays, they are trying to stop us and the main obstacle we "
+#| "face is this, rather than the work itself."
msgid ""
"At the beginning, GNU and the free software movement had no enemies. There "
"were people who weren't interested, lots of them, but nobody was actively "
@@ -2425,6 +3160,58 @@
"capable de décoder les émissions de TV numérique."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Then, there's the threat from hardware that has secret specifications or
+# | is designed to interfere with the user's control. Nowadays there are many
+# | pieces of hardware you can get for your PC whose specifications are
+# | secret. They'll sell you the hardware, but they won't tell you how to run
+# | it. So how do we write free software to run it? Well, we either have to
+# | figure out the specs by reverse engineering or we have to put market
+# | pressure on those companies. And in both cases, we are weakened by the
+# | fact that so many of the users of GNU/Linux don't know why this system was
+# | developed and have never heard of these ideas that I'm telling you today.
+# | And the reason is that, when they hear about the system, they hear it
+# | called Linux and it's associated with the apolitical philosophy of Linus
+# | Torvalds. [-Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. {which
+# | is, you know} Developing the kernel was an important contribution to our
+# | community. At the same time, he is setting a very public bad example by
+# | using a non-free program to do the job. Now, if he were using a non-free
+# | program privately, I would never even have heard about it and I wouldn't
+# | make a fuss about it. But by inviting the other people who work on Linux
+# | to use it with him, he's setting a very public example legitimizing the
+# | use of non-free software. So when people see that, you know, if they think
+# | that's okay, they can't possibly believe that non-free software is bad. So
+# | then, when these companies say, \"yes, {we support} our hardware supports
+# | Linux, here is this binary-only driver you can install, and then it will
+# | work,\" these people see nothing wrong in that, so they don't apply their
+# | market pressure and they don't feel motivated to help in reverse
+# | engineering.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Then, there's the threat from hardware that has secret specifications or "
+#| "is designed to interfere with the user's control. Nowadays there are many "
+#| "pieces of hardware you can get for your PC whose specifications are "
+#| "secret. They'll sell you the hardware, but they won't tell you how to run "
+#| "it. So how do we write free software to run it? Well, we either have to "
+#| "figure out the specs by reverse engineering or we have to put market "
+#| "pressure on those companies. And in both cases, we are weakened by the "
+#| "fact that so many of the users of GNU/Linux don't know why this system "
+#| "was developed and have never heard of these ideas that I'm telling you "
+#| "today. And the reason is that, when they hear about the system, they hear "
+#| "it called Linux and it's associated with the apolitical philosophy of "
+#| "Linus Torvalds. Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. "
+#| "{which is, you know} Developing the kernel was an important contribution "
+#| "to our community. At the same time, he is setting a very public bad "
+#| "example by using a non-free program to do the job. Now, if he were using "
+#| "a non-free program privately, I would never even have heard about it and "
+#| "I wouldn't make a fuss about it. But by inviting the other people who "
+#| "work on Linux to use it with him, he's setting a very public example "
+#| "legitimizing the use of non-free software. So when people see that, you "
+#| "know, if they think that's okay, they can't possibly believe that non-"
+#| "free software is bad. So then, when these companies say, \"yes, {we "
+#| "support} our hardware supports Linux, here is this binary-only driver you "
+#| "can install, and then it will work,\" these people see nothing wrong in "
+#| "that, so they don't apply their market pressure and they don't feel "
+#| "motivated to help in reverse engineering."
msgid ""
"Then, there's the threat from hardware that has secret specifications or is "
"designed to interfere with the user's control. Nowadays there are many "
@@ -2436,20 +3223,103 @@
"the users of GNU/Linux don't know why this system was developed and have "
"never heard of these ideas that I'm telling you today. And the reason is "
"that, when they hear about the system, they hear it called Linux and it's "
-"associated with the apolitical philosophy of Linus Torvalds. Linus Torvalds "
-"is still working on developing Linux. {which is, you know} Developing the "
-"kernel was an important contribution to our community. At the same time, he "
-"is setting a very public bad example by using a non-free program to do the "
-"job. Now, if he were using a non-free program privately, I would never even "
-"have heard about it and I wouldn't make a fuss about it. But by inviting the "
-"other people who work on Linux to use it with him, he's setting a very "
-"public example legitimizing the use of non-free software. So when people see "
-"that, you know, if they think that's okay, they can't possibly believe that "
-"non-free software is bad. So then, when these companies say, \"yes, {we "
-"support} our hardware supports Linux, here is this binary-only driver you "
-"can install, and then it will work,\" these people see nothing wrong in "
-"that, so they don't apply their market pressure and they don't feel "
-"motivated to help in reverse engineering."
+"associated with the apolitical philosophy of Linus Torvalds."
+msgstr ""
+"Et puis il y a le danger du matériel dont les spécifications sont
secrètes, "
+"ou qui est conçu pour interférer avec le contrôle du matériel par "
+"l'utilisateur. De nos jours, un grand nombre des équipements que vous pouvez
"
+"vous procurez pour votre PC ont des spécifications secrètes. Ils vous "
+"vendent l'équipement mais ils ne vous disent pas comment le faire marcher. "
+"Alors, comment écrire un logiciel libre pour le faire fonctionner ? Eh bien
"
+"nous devons, ou bien découvrir les spécifications par rétroingénierie, ou
"
+"bien faire peser la pression du marché sur ces sociétés. Et dans les deux "
+"cas, nous sommes en position de faiblesse du fait que tant d'utilisateurs de "
+"GNU/Linux ne savent pas pourquoi ce système a été développé et n'ont
jamais "
+"entendu parler des idées que je vous expose aujourd'hui. Ceci parce que, "
+"lorsqu'ils entendent parler du système, ils l'entendent appeler Linux et "
+"l'associent à la philosophie apolitique de Linus Torvalds. Ce dernier "
+"continue à travailler au développement de Linux. Développer le noyau a
été "
+"une contribution importante à notre communauté. En même temps, il donne
très "
+"publiquement le mauvais exemple en utilisant un programme non libre pour "
+"faire ce travail. S'il utilisait un programme non libre en privé, je n'en "
+"aurais jamais entendu parler et n'en ferais pas tout un plat. Mais en "
+"invitant d'autres personnes qui développent Linux à l'utiliser avec lui, il
"
+"donne très publiquement un mauvais exemple qui légitime l'utilisation de "
+"logiciels non libres. Alors, quand les gens voient ça, vous comprenez, s'ils
"
+"pensent que c'est bien, ils n'ont aucune chance de penser que le logiciel "
+"non libre est mauvais. Alors quand ces sociétés disent « Oui, notre
matériel "
+"fonctionne avec Linux, voici ce pilote uniquement binaire que vous pouvez "
+"installer, et ça marchera », ces personnes ne voient rien de mal à ça,
alors "
+"elles n'appliquent pas la pression du marché et elles ne se sentent pas "
+"motivées pour aider à la rétroingénierie du pilote."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Then, there's the threat from hardware that has secret specifications or
+# | is designed to interfere with the user's control. Nowadays there are many
+# | pieces of hardware you can get for your PC whose specifications are
+# | secret. They'll sell you the hardware, but they won't tell you how to run
+# | it. So how do we write free software to run it? Well, we either have to
+# | figure out the specs by reverse engineering or we have to put market
+# | pressure on those companies. And in both cases, we are weakened by the
+# | fact that so many of the users of GNU/Linux don't know why this system was
+# | developed and have never heard of these ideas that I'm telling you today.
+# | And the reason is that, when they hear about the system, they hear it
+# | called Linux and it's associated with the apolitical philosophy of Linus
+# | Torvalds.-]Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. {which is,
+# | you know} Developing the kernel was an important contribution to our
+# | community. At the same time, he is setting a very public bad example by
+# | using a non-free program to do the job. Now, if he were using a non-free
+# | program privately, I would never even have heard about it and I wouldn't
+# | make a fuss about it. But by inviting the other people who work on Linux
+# | to use it with him, he's setting a very public example legitimizing the
+# | use of non-free software. So when people see that, you know, if they
+# | think that's okay, they can't possibly believe that non-free software is
+# | bad. So then, when these companies say, \"yes, {we support} our hardware
+# | supports Linux, here is this binary-only driver you can install, and then
+# | it will work,\" these people see nothing wrong in that, so they don't
+# | apply their market pressure and they don't feel motivated to help in
+# | reverse engineering.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Then, there's the threat from hardware that has secret specifications or "
+#| "is designed to interfere with the user's control. Nowadays there are many "
+#| "pieces of hardware you can get for your PC whose specifications are "
+#| "secret. They'll sell you the hardware, but they won't tell you how to run "
+#| "it. So how do we write free software to run it? Well, we either have to "
+#| "figure out the specs by reverse engineering or we have to put market "
+#| "pressure on those companies. And in both cases, we are weakened by the "
+#| "fact that so many of the users of GNU/Linux don't know why this system "
+#| "was developed and have never heard of these ideas that I'm telling you "
+#| "today. And the reason is that, when they hear about the system, they hear "
+#| "it called Linux and it's associated with the apolitical philosophy of "
+#| "Linus Torvalds. Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. "
+#| "{which is, you know} Developing the kernel was an important contribution "
+#| "to our community. At the same time, he is setting a very public bad "
+#| "example by using a non-free program to do the job. Now, if he were using "
+#| "a non-free program privately, I would never even have heard about it and "
+#| "I wouldn't make a fuss about it. But by inviting the other people who "
+#| "work on Linux to use it with him, he's setting a very public example "
+#| "legitimizing the use of non-free software. So when people see that, you "
+#| "know, if they think that's okay, they can't possibly believe that non-"
+#| "free software is bad. So then, when these companies say, \"yes, {we "
+#| "support} our hardware supports Linux, here is this binary-only driver you "
+#| "can install, and then it will work,\" these people see nothing wrong in "
+#| "that, so they don't apply their market pressure and they don't feel "
+#| "motivated to help in reverse engineering."
+msgid ""
+"Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. {which is, you know} "
+"Developing the kernel was an important contribution to our community. At the "
+"same time, he is setting a very public bad example by using a non-free "
+"program to do the job. Now, if he were using a non-free program privately, I "
+"would never even have heard about it and I wouldn't make a fuss about it. "
+"But by inviting the other people who work on Linux to use it with him, he's "
+"setting a very public example legitimizing the use of non-free software. So "
+"when people see that, you know, if they think that's okay, they can't "
+"possibly believe that non-free software is bad. So then, when these "
+"companies say, \"yes, {we support} our hardware supports Linux, here is this "
+"binary-only driver you can install, and then it will work,\" these people "
+"see nothing wrong in that, so they don't apply their market pressure and "
+"they don't feel motivated to help in reverse engineering."
msgstr ""
"Et puis il y a le danger du matériel dont les spécifications sont
secrètes, "
"ou qui est conçu pour interférer avec le contrôle du matériel par "
@@ -2526,9 +3396,15 @@
"ordinateur."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";>{+
+# | +}http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";>http://www.";
+#| "gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]"
msgid ""
-"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";>http://www.gnu.";
-"org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]"
+"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";> http://www.";
+"gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]"
msgstr ""
"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";>http://www.gnu.";
"org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]"
@@ -2563,6 +3439,47 @@
"logiciel libre pour les lire."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But they don't have to stop at doing this to published data. They could do
+# | it to your data too. Imagine if treacherous computing is common in 10
+# | years and Microsoft decides to come out with a new version of Word format
+# | that uses treacherous computing to encrypt your data. Then it would be
+# | impossible to write free software to read word files. Microsoft is trying
+# | every possible method to prevent us from having free software to read Word
+# | files. First, they switched to a secret Word format, so people had to try
+# | to figure out the format. Well, we more or less have figured it out. There
+# | are free programs that will read most Word files (not all). [-But then
+# | they came up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" Now here's
+# | what Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The beginning of the
+# | file has a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and here comes binary
+# | Word format data,\" and then there's the binary Word format data and then
+# | there's something at the end that says, \"that was binary Word format
+# | data.\" And they patented this. {so that... I'm not sure} I don't know
+# | exactly what the patent does and doesn't cover, but, you know, there are
+# | things we could do, either reading or writing that file format, probably
+# | they could try suing us about. And I'm sure that, if treacherous computing
+# | is available for them to use, they'll use that too.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But they don't have to stop at doing this to published data. They could "
+#| "do it to your data too. Imagine if treacherous computing is common in 10 "
+#| "years and Microsoft decides to come out with a new version of Word format "
+#| "that uses treacherous computing to encrypt your data. Then it would be "
+#| "impossible to write free software to read word files. Microsoft is trying "
+#| "every possible method to prevent us from having free software to read "
+#| "Word files. First, they switched to a secret Word format, so people had "
+#| "to try to figure out the format. Well, we more or less have figured it "
+#| "out. There are free programs that will read most Word files (not all). "
+#| "But then they came up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" "
+#| "Now here's what Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The "
+#| "beginning of the file has a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and "
+#| "here comes binary Word format data,\" and then there's the binary Word "
+#| "format data and then there's something at the end that says, \"that was "
+#| "binary Word format data.\" And they patented this. {so that... I'm not "
+#| "sure} I don't know exactly what the patent does and doesn't cover, but, "
+#| "you know, there are things we could do, either reading or writing that "
+#| "file format, probably they could try suing us about. And I'm sure that, "
+#| "if treacherous computing is available for them to use, they'll use that "
+#| "too."
msgid ""
"But they don't have to stop at doing this to published data. They could do "
"it to your data too. Imagine if treacherous computing is common in 10 years "
@@ -2572,17 +3489,7 @@
"possible method to prevent us from having free software to read Word files. "
"First, they switched to a secret Word format, so people had to try to figure "
"out the format. Well, we more or less have figured it out. There are free "
-"programs that will read most Word files (not all). But then they came up "
-"with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" Now here's what Microsoft "
-"means when they speak of using XML. The beginning of the file has a trivial "
-"thing that says \"this is XML and here comes binary Word format data,\" and "
-"then there's the binary Word format data and then there's something at the "
-"end that says, \"that was binary Word format data.\" And they patented this. "
-"{so that... I'm not sure} I don't know exactly what the patent does and "
-"doesn't cover, but, you know, there are things we could do, either reading "
-"or writing that file format, probably they could try suing us about. And I'm "
-"sure that, if treacherous computing is available for them to use, they'll "
-"use that too."
+"programs that will read most Word files (not all)."
msgstr ""
"Et ils n'ont pas besoin de s'arrêter aux données publiées. Ils peuvent
aussi "
"le faire à vos propres données. Imaginez que l'informatique déloyale soit "
@@ -2606,22 +3513,125 @@
"disposent de l'informatique déloyale, ils l'utiliseront aussi."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But [-they don't have to stop at doing this to published data. They could
+# | do it to your data too. Imagine if treacherous computing is common in 10
+# | years and Microsoft decides to come out with a new version of Word format
+# | that uses treacherous computing to encrypt your data. Then it would be
+# | impossible to write free software to read word files. Microsoft is trying
+# | every possible method to prevent us from having free software to read Word
+# | files. First, they switched to a secret Word format, so people had to try
+# | to figure out the format. Well, we more or less have figured it out. There
+# | are free programs that will read most Word files (not all). But-] then
+# | they came up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" Now here's
+# | what Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The beginning of the
+# | file has a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and here comes binary
+# | Word format data,\" and then there's the binary Word format data and then
+# | there's something at the end that says, \"that was binary Word format
+# | data.\" And they patented this. {so that... I'm not sure} I don't know
+# | exactly what the patent does and doesn't cover, but, you know, there are
+# | things we could do, either reading or writing that file format, probably
+# | they could try suing us about. And I'm sure that, if treacherous computing
+# | is available for them to use, they'll use that too.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But they don't have to stop at doing this to published data. They could "
+#| "do it to your data too. Imagine if treacherous computing is common in 10 "
+#| "years and Microsoft decides to come out with a new version of Word format "
+#| "that uses treacherous computing to encrypt your data. Then it would be "
+#| "impossible to write free software to read word files. Microsoft is trying "
+#| "every possible method to prevent us from having free software to read "
+#| "Word files. First, they switched to a secret Word format, so people had "
+#| "to try to figure out the format. Well, we more or less have figured it "
+#| "out. There are free programs that will read most Word files (not all). "
+#| "But then they came up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" "
+#| "Now here's what Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The "
+#| "beginning of the file has a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and "
+#| "here comes binary Word format data,\" and then there's the binary Word "
+#| "format data and then there's something at the end that says, \"that was "
+#| "binary Word format data.\" And they patented this. {so that... I'm not "
+#| "sure} I don't know exactly what the patent does and doesn't cover, but, "
+#| "you know, there are things we could do, either reading or writing that "
+#| "file format, probably they could try suing us about. And I'm sure that, "
+#| "if treacherous computing is available for them to use, they'll use that "
+#| "too."
+msgid ""
+"But then they came up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" Now "
+"here's what Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The beginning of "
+"the file has a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and here comes binary "
+"Word format data,\" and then there's the binary Word format data and then "
+"there's something at the end that says, \"that was binary Word format data."
+"\" And they patented this. {so that... I'm not sure} I don't know exactly "
+"what the patent does and doesn't cover, but, you know, there are things we "
+"could do, either reading or writing that file format, probably they could "
+"try suing us about. And I'm sure that, if treacherous computing is available "
+"for them to use, they'll use that too."
+msgstr ""
+"Et ils n'ont pas besoin de s'arrêter aux données publiées. Ils peuvent
aussi "
+"le faire à vos propres données. Imaginez que l'informatique déloyale soit "
+"courante dans 10 ans et que Microsoft décide de sortir une nouvelle version
"
+"du format Word qui emploie l'informatique déloyale pour chiffrer vos "
+"données. Alors il serait impossible d'écrire un logiciel libre pour lire
les "
+"fichiers Word. Microsoft essaie toutes les méthodes possibles pour nous "
+"empêcher d'avoir des logiciels libres qui lisent les fichiers Word. D'abord "
+"ils sont passés à un format secret, de sorte qu'on a dû chercher à "
+"comprendre ce format. Bon, nous l'avons plus ou moins compris. Il y a des "
+"programmes libres qui lisent la plupart des fichiers Word (pas tous). Mais "
+"ensuite il leur est venu une autre idée. Ils ont dit : « Utilisons XML.Â
» "
+"Voici ce que Microsoft entend par utiliser XML. Le début du fichier a un "
+"truc trivial qui dit « c'est du XML et la suite, ce sont des données en "
+"format Word binaire », ensuite il y a les données en format Word binaire,
et "
+"ensuite il y a un truc à la fin qui dit « c'était des données en format
Word "
+"binaire ». Et ils ont breveté ça. Je ne sais pas exactement ce que ce
brevet "
+"couvre et ce qu'il ne couvre pas, mais, vous savez, certaines des choses que "
+"nous pourrions faire, soit lire, soit écrire ces formats de fichiers, "
+"pourraient donner lieu à poursuites de leur part. Et je suis sûr que s'ils "
+"disposent de l'informatique déloyale, ils l'utiliseront aussi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This is why we have a campaign to refuse to read Word files. Now there are
+# | many reasons you should refuse to read Word files. One is, they could have
+# | viruses in them. If someone sends you a Word file, you shouldn't look at
+# | it. But the point is, you shouldn't even try to look at it. Nowadays there
+# | are free programs that will read most Word files. But it's really better,
+# | better than trying to read the file is if you send a message back saying,
+# | \"please send that to me in a format that isn't secret. It's not a good
+# | idea to send people Word files.\" And the reason is, we have to overcome
+# | the tendency in society for people to use these secret formats for
+# | communication. [-We have to convince people to insist on publicly
+# | documented standard formats that everyone is free to implement. And Word
+# | format is the worst offender and so that's the best place to start. If
+# | somebody sends you a Word file, don't try to read it. Write back, saying
+# | \"you really shouldn't do that.\" And there's a page in
+# | www.gnu.org/philosophy which is good to reference. It gives an explanation
+# | of why this is an important issue.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This is why we have a campaign to refuse to read Word files. Now there "
+#| "are many reasons you should refuse to read Word files. One is, they could "
+#| "have viruses in them. If someone sends you a Word file, you shouldn't "
+#| "look at it. But the point is, you shouldn't even try to look at it. "
+#| "Nowadays there are free programs that will read most Word files. But it's "
+#| "really better, better than trying to read the file is if you send a "
+#| "message back saying, \"please send that to me in a format that isn't "
+#| "secret. It's not a good idea to send people Word files.\" And the reason "
+#| "is, we have to overcome the tendency in society for people to use these "
+#| "secret formats for communication. We have to convince people to insist on "
+#| "publicly documented standard formats that everyone is free to implement. "
+#| "And Word format is the worst offender and so that's the best place to "
+#| "start. If somebody sends you a Word file, don't try to read it. Write "
+#| "back, saying \"you really shouldn't do that.\" And there's a page in www."
+#| "gnu.org/philosophy which is good to reference. It gives an explanation of "
+#| "why this is an important issue."
msgid ""
"This is why we have a campaign to refuse to read Word files. Now there are "
"many reasons you should refuse to read Word files. One is, they could have "
"viruses in them. If someone sends you a Word file, you shouldn't look at it. "
"But the point is, you shouldn't even try to look at it. Nowadays there are "
-"free programs that will read most Word files. But it's really better, better "
-"than trying to read the file is if you send a message back saying, \"please "
-"send that to me in a format that isn't secret. It's not a good idea to send "
-"people Word files.\" And the reason is, we have to overcome the tendency in "
-"society for people to use these secret formats for communication. We have to "
-"convince people to insist on publicly documented standard formats that "
-"everyone is free to implement. And Word format is the worst offender and so "
-"that's the best place to start. If somebody sends you a Word file, don't try "
-"to read it. Write back, saying \"you really shouldn't do that.\" And there's "
-"a page in www.gnu.org/philosophy which is good to reference. It gives an "
-"explanation of why this is an important issue."
+"free programs that will read most Word files. But it's really better, "
+"better than trying to read the file is if you send a message back saying, "
+"\"please send that to me in a format that isn't secret. It's not a good idea "
+"to send people Word files.\" And the reason is, we have to overcome the "
+"tendency in society for people to use these secret formats for communication."
msgstr ""
"C'est pourquoi nous avons lancé une campagne pour refuser de lire les "
"fichiers Word. Il y a de nombreuses raisons pour que vous refusiez de lire "
@@ -2644,7 +3654,23 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\";>http://";
+"We have to convince people to insist on publicly documented standard formats "
+"that everyone is free to implement. And Word format is the worst offender "
+"and so that's the best place to start. If somebody sends you a Word file, "
+"don't try to read it. Write back, saying \"you really shouldn't do that.\" "
+"And there's a page in www.gnu.org/philosophy which is good to reference. It "
+"gives an explanation of why this is an important issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\";>{+
+# | +}http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html";
+#| "\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>]"
+msgid ""
+"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\";> http://";
"www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>]"
msgstr ""
"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\";>http://";
@@ -3063,11 +4089,22 @@
"href=\"#TransNote13\"><sup>13</sup></a> et à sa gestapo. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [RMS, 2010: Gmail is comparable to Hotmail in this regard. See also <a
+# |
href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\";>{+
+# | +}http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a>
+# | for another issue that applies to some, but not all, network services.]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[RMS, 2010: Gmail is comparable to Hotmail in this regard. See also <a "
+#| "href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.";
+#| "html\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.";
+#| "html</a> for another issue that applies to some, but not all, network "
+#| "services.]"
msgid ""
"[RMS, 2010: Gmail is comparable to Hotmail in this regard. See also <a href="
-"\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html";
-"\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a> "
-"for another issue that applies to some, but not all, network services.]"
+"\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\";> "
+"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a> for "
+"another issue that applies to some, but not all, network services.]"
msgstr ""
"[RMS, 2010 : Gmail est comparable à Hotmail de ce point de vue. Voir aussi "
"<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.";
@@ -3246,6 +4283,19 @@
"populaires sont secrets et lesquels sont publics ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, of the popular file formats, the only ones that I "
+#| "know of that are secret are some Microsoft ones. But, on the other hands, "
+#| "there are others that have patent problems. For instance, there's still a "
+#| "patent covering LZW compression, which is used in GIF format. And someone "
+#| "has a patent he claims covers JPEG format and is actually suing a bunch "
+#| "of companies. And then there's a patent on MP3 audio, so that the free "
+#| "software MP3 encoders have been driven underground in the US. That's why "
+#| "people should switch to Ogg Vorbis format. And then, if you look at, say, "
+#| "MPEG-2 video, there are 39 different US patents said to cover aspects of "
+#| "MPEG-2. So there are a lot of such problems."
msgid ""
"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, of the popular file formats, the only ones that I know "
"of that are secret are some Microsoft ones. But, on the other hands, there "
@@ -3446,6 +4496,18 @@
"je suppose qu'ils n'y tenaient pas assez. Les deux sont OK. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Non-free software is evil and we're better off with nothing than with non-"
+#| "free software. The tragedy of the commons can happen either through "
+#| "overuse or under-contribution, but overuse is impossible in software. "
+#| "Under-contribution happens when a program is proprietary. Then it's a "
+#| "failure to contribute to the commons. And so I would like that "
+#| "proprietary software to stop being developed. A non-free program is worse "
+#| "than no program, because neither one allows you to get a job done in "
+#| "freedom, but the non-free program might tempt people to give up their "
+#| "freedom and that's really bad."
msgid ""
"Non-free software is evil and we're better off with nothing than with non-"
"free software. The tragedy of the commons can happen either through overuse "
@@ -3481,11 +4543,27 @@
"logiciel libre et la portabilité de [inintelligible] ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>RICHARD:</b> No, {I don't see} this makes no sense to me at all. I see "
+#| "no conflict between the philosophy of free software and portability. And "
+#| "in the free software world we've worked very hard to achieve portability "
+#| "from all sides. We make our software very portable and we make our "
+#| "software standardized so that other people can easily have portability, "
+#| "so we are aiding portability from every possible direction. Meanwhile, "
+#| "you see Microsoft deliberately introducing incompatibilities and "
+#| "deliberately blocking interoperability. Microsoft can do that because it "
+#| "has power. We can't do that. If we make a program incompatible and the "
+#| "users don't like it, they can change it. They can change it to be "
+#| "compatible. So we are not in a position where we could impose "
+#| "incompatibility on anybody, because we have chosen not to try to have "
+#| "power over other people."
msgid ""
"<b>RICHARD:</b> No, {I don't see} this makes no sense to me at all. I see no "
-"conflict between the philosophy of free software and portability. And in the "
-"free software world we've worked very hard to achieve portability from all "
-"sides. We make our software very portable and we make our software "
+"conflict between the philosophy of free software and portability. And in "
+"the free software world we've worked very hard to achieve portability from "
+"all sides. We make our software very portable and we make our software "
"standardized so that other people can easily have portability, so we are "
"aiding portability from every possible direction. Meanwhile, you see "
"Microsoft deliberately introducing incompatibilities and deliberately "
@@ -3604,6 +4682,13 @@
"plutôt que sous forme agressive."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> There's something in my mind, so I'll just speak up. The "
+#| "thing is, by actually registering [unintelligible] thing and saying that "
+#| "\"you can redistribute this software but you have to comply with these "
+#| "four freedoms,\" is that not restricting my freedom too?"
msgid ""
"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> There's something in my mind, so I'll just speak up. The "
"thing is, by actually registering [unintelligible] thing and saying that "
@@ -3806,6 +4891,16 @@
"litige contre Linux ? Quel serait l'impact sur..."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>RICHARD:</b> I don't know, it depends. It would have no effect on the "
+#| "GPL. But {it might have some effect} some code might have to be removed "
+#| "from Linux. And whether that would be a big problem or a tiny problem "
+#| "depends on what code, so there's no way of saying. But I don't think SCO "
+#| "is a real problem. I think software patents and treacherous computing and "
+#| "hardware with secret specs, those are the real problems. That's what "
+#| "we've got to be fighting against."
msgid ""
"<b>RICHARD:</b> I don't know, it depends. It would have no effect on the "
"GPL. But {it might have some effect} some code might have to be removed from "
@@ -3838,6 +4933,14 @@
"leur impact sur le développement de GNU Hurd. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>RICHARD:</b> None, because I was never working on the GNU Hurd. {I've "
+#| "never} We hired a person to write the GNU Hurd. I had nothing to do with "
+#| "writing it. And there were a few years when I couldn't type much and then "
+#| "we hired people to type for me. And then I found, by using keyboards with "
+#| "a light touch, I could type again."
msgid ""
"<b>RICHARD:</b> None, because I was never working on the GNU Hurd. {I've "
"never} We hired a person to write the GNU Hurd. I had nothing to do with "
@@ -3880,6 +4983,17 @@
"qu'Ã des valeurs pratiques, techniques."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And what they're saying may be right and if this convinces some people to "
+#| "write free software, that's a useful contribution. But I think they're "
+#| "missing the point when they don't talk about freedom, because that's what "
+#| "makes our community weak, that we don't talk about and think about "
+#| "freedom enough. People who don't think about freedom won't value their "
+#| "freedom and they won't defend their freedom and they'll lose it. Look at "
+#| "the USA Pat-riot Act. You know, people who don't value their freedom will "
+#| "lose it."
msgid ""
"And what they're saying may be right and if this convinces some people to "
"write free software, that's a useful contribution. But I think they're "
Index: philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:26 -0000
1.8
+++ philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000
1.9
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: google-engineering-talk.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:28-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -366,16 +366,21 @@
"write another operating system, and then say as the author \"this system is "
"free; you can have it without a non-disclosure agreement and you're welcome "
"to redistribute it to other people. You're welcome to study how it "
-"works. You're welcome to change it.\" So, instead of being divided and "
-"helpless, the users of this system would live in freedom. Ordinary "
-"proprietary software is part of a scheme where users are deliberately kept "
-"divided and helpless. The program comes with a license that says you're "
-"forbidden to share it, and in most cases you can't get the source code, so "
-"you can't study it or change it. It may even have malicious features and you "
-"can't tell. With free software, we respect the user's freedom, and that's "
-"the whole point. The reason for the free software movement is so that the "
-"people of cyberspace can have freedom, so that there is a way to live in "
-"freedom and still use a computer, to avoid being kept divided and helpless."
+"works. You're welcome to change it.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, instead of being divided and helpless, the users of this system would "
+"live in freedom. Ordinary proprietary software is part of a scheme where "
+"users are deliberately kept divided and helpless. The program comes with a "
+"license that says you're forbidden to share it, and in most cases you can't "
+"get the source code, so you can't study it or change it. It may even have "
+"malicious features and you can't tell. With free software, we respect the "
+"user's freedom, and that's the whole point. The reason for the free software "
+"movement is so that the people of cyberspace can have freedom, so that there "
+"is a way to live in freedom and still use a computer, to avoid being kept "
+"divided and helpless."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -589,9 +594,13 @@
"much, [makes ample gesture] which is completely imprudent. So they start "
"buying houses and cars and boats and planes and rare stamps and artwork and "
"adventure travel and children, [laughter] all sorts of expensive luxuries "
-"that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially the children. And "
-"then, the next thing they know, they've got to desperately struggle all day "
-"long to get money to pay for these things, so they have no time even to "
+"that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially the children."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And then, the next thing they know, they've got to desperately struggle all "
+"day long to get money to pay for these things, so they have no time even to "
"enjoy them, which is especially sad when it's a matter of children. The "
"other things, I guess, can get repossessed. So then they become puppets of "
"money, unable to decide what they're going to do with their lives. If you "
@@ -667,8 +676,8 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"[<a "
-"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>]"
+"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";> "
+"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -688,9 +697,9 @@
"that could happen at any moment, when somebody comes up and says, \"could I "
"have a copy of that program?\" At that point, what are you going to do? "
"You're forced to choose between two evils. One evil is to make a copy of the "
-"program for that person and violate the license. The other evil is to comply "
-"with the license, but be a bad neighbor. So you've got to choose the lesser "
-"evil, which is to make a copy for that person and violate the "
+"program for that person and violate the license. The other evil is to "
+"comply with the license, but be a bad neighbor. So you've got to choose the "
+"lesser evil, which is to make a copy for that person and violate the "
"license. [Laughter, applause]"
msgstr ""
@@ -1001,14 +1010,18 @@
"they changed it as necessary to run on their platform, they compiled it and "
"they put the binaries into their UNIX system, and they distributed only the "
"binaries to all of their customers under the same license as the rest of "
-"UNIX -- the same non-disclosure agreement. So, for those many users, the X "
-"Window System was no more free than the rest of UNIX. In this paradoxical "
-"situation, the answer to the question \"is X free software or not?\" "
-"depended on where you made the measurement. If you made the measurement "
-"coming out of the developer's group, you'd say, \"I observe all four "
-"freedoms; it's free software.\" If you made the measurement among the users, "
-"you'd say, \"most of them don't have these freedoms; it's not free "
-"software.\""
+"UNIX -- the same non-disclosure agreement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, for those many users, the X Window System was no more free than the rest "
+"of UNIX. In this paradoxical situation, the answer to the question \"is X "
+"free software or not?\" depended on where you made the measurement. If you "
+"made the measurement coming out of the developer's group, you'd say, \"I "
+"observe all four freedoms; it's free software.\" If you made the measurement "
+"among the users, you'd say, \"most of them don't have these freedoms; it's "
+"not free software.\""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1033,17 +1046,22 @@
"Here's how it works: we start with a copyright notice which legally doesn't "
"actually make a difference anymore, but it reminds people that the program "
"is copyrighted, which means that, by default, it's prohibited to copy, "
-"distribute or modify this program. But then we say, \"you are authorized to "
-"make copies, you are authorized to distribute them, you are authorized to "
-"modify this program and you are authorized to publish modified or extended "
-"versions.\" But there is a condition, and the condition says that any "
-"program you distribute that contains any substantial part of this must, as a "
-"whole, be distributed under these conditions, no more and no less. Which "
-"means that, no matter how many people modify the program or how much, as "
-"long as any substantial amount of our code is in there, that program must be "
-"free software in the same way. In effect, we guarantee that nobody can put "
-"himself between you and me and strip off the freedom and pass the code on to "
-"you missing the freedom. In other words, forbidding is forbidden."
+"distribute or modify this program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But then we say, \"you are authorized to make copies, you are authorized to "
+"distribute them, you are authorized to modify this program and you are "
+"authorized to publish modified or extended versions.\" But there is a "
+"condition, and the condition says that any program you distribute that "
+"contains any substantial part of this must, as a whole, be distributed under "
+"these conditions, no more and no less. Which means that, no matter how many "
+"people modify the program or how much, as long as any substantial amount of "
+"our code is in there, that program must be free software in the same way. In "
+"effect, we guarantee that nobody can put himself between you and me and "
+"strip off the freedom and pass the code on to you missing the freedom. In "
+"other words, forbidding is forbidden."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -1059,17 +1077,21 @@
"around two thirds or three quarters of all free software packages. But that "
"still leaves a substantial number that have other licenses. Some of those "
"licenses are copyleft licenses, some are not. So we have copylefted free "
-"software and we have non-copylefted free software. In both cases, the "
-"developers have respected your freedom; they have not tried to trample your "
-"freedom. The difference is, with copyleft we go further and we actively "
-"defend your freedom against anyone who would try to be a middleman and take "
-"it away from you, whereas the developers of non-copylefted free software "
-"don't do that. They have not tried to take away your freedom, but they don't "
-"actively protect your freedom from anyone else. So I think that they could "
-"do more for the sake of freedom. But they haven't done anything bad; insofar "
-"as they have done things, those things are good. So I won't say that they "
-"are wrong, I will just say that they could do more. I think that they're "
-"making a mistake."
+"software and we have non-copylefted free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In both cases, the developers have respected your freedom; they have not "
+"tried to trample your freedom. The difference is, with copyleft we go "
+"further and we actively defend your freedom against anyone who would try to "
+"be a middleman and take it away from you, whereas the developers of "
+"non-copylefted free software don't do that. They have not tried to take away "
+"your freedom, but they don't actively protect your freedom from anyone "
+"else. So I think that they could do more for the sake of freedom. But they "
+"haven't done anything bad; insofar as they have done things, those things "
+"are good. So I won't say that they are wrong, I will just say that they "
+"could do more. I think that they're making a mistake."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1103,9 +1125,9 @@
"system. But we never developed a GNU window system because someone else "
"developed X first. I looked at it and I said, \"well, it's not copylefted, "
"but it is free, it's popular, it's powerful, so let's just use it.\" And so "
-"we saved one big chunk of work. So we took it, X, and we put it into the GNU "
-"system and we started making other pieces of GNU work with X. Because the "
-"goal was to have a free operating system, not to have a free operating "
+"we saved one big chunk of work. So we took it, X, and we put it into the "
+"GNU system and we started making other pieces of GNU work with X. Because "
+"the goal was to have a free operating system, not to have a free operating "
"system every piece of which had been written purposely by us just for that."
msgstr ""
@@ -1123,12 +1145,17 @@
"Software Foundation. The Free Software Foundation is a tax-exempt charity to "
"promote free software which we founded in October, '85, after GNU Emacs' "
"popularity suggested that people might actually start donating money to the "
-"GNU project. So we founded the Free Software Foundation and it asked for "
-"donations, but also took over selling the tapes of GNU Emacs. And it turns "
-"out that most of the FSF's income for the first many years came from that, "
-"from selling things, from selling copies of software and manuals that "
-"everyone was free to copy. Now this is interesting, because this was "
-"supposedly impossible; but we did it anyway."
+"GNU project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So we founded the Free Software Foundation and it asked for donations, but "
+"also took over selling the tapes of GNU Emacs. And it turns out that most of "
+"the FSF's income for the first many years came from that, from selling "
+"things, from selling copies of software and manuals that everyone was free "
+"to copy. Now this is interesting, because this was supposedly impossible; "
+"but we did it anyway."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1243,13 +1270,17 @@
"consequences. When people focus too much on Microsoft, they start forgetting "
"that all the others are doing something just as bad. And they may end up "
"thinking that anything that competes with Microsoft is good, even if it is "
-"also non-free software and thus inherently just as evil. Now, it's true that "
-"these other companies have not subjugated as many users as Microsoft has, "
-"but that's not for want of trying; they just haven't succeeded in "
-"mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which is hardly, ethically "
-"speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this particular motive motivates} "
-"this motive does motivate people to develop free software, so we have to "
-"count it as one of the motives that has this result."
+"also non-free software and thus inherently just as evil."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, it's true that these other companies have not subjugated as many users "
+"as Microsoft has, but that's not for want of trying; they just haven't "
+"succeeded in mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which is hardly, "
+"ethically speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this particular motive "
+"motivates} this motive does motivate people to develop free software, so we "
+"have to count it as one of the motives that has this result."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1399,8 +1430,12 @@
"think of technical questions in a narrowly technical context, without "
"looking beyond at social effects of their technical decisions. Whether the "
"software tramples your freedom or respects your freedom, that's part of the "
-"social context. That's exactly what techies tend to forget or devalue. We "
-"have to work constantly to remind people to pay attention to freedom and, "
+"social context. That's exactly what techies tend to forget or devalue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We have to work constantly to remind people to pay attention to freedom and, "
"unfortunately, while we keep doing this, the users of our system often don't "
"pay attention because they don't know it's our system. They don't know it's "
"the GNU system, they think it's Linux. And that's why it makes a real "
@@ -1409,14 +1444,14 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"People will say to me that it doesn't look good to ask for credit. Well, I'm "
-"not asking for credit for me personally; I'm asking for credit for the GNU "
-"Project, which includes thousands of developers. But they are right, it's "
-"true: people who are looking for some reason to see evil can see evil in "
-"that. So they go on and say, \"you should let it drop, and when people call "
-"the system Linux, you can smile to yourself and take pride in a job well "
-"done.\" That would be very wise advice if the assumption were correct: the "
-"assumption that the job is done."
+"People will say to me that it doesn't look good to ask for credit. Well, "
+"I'm not asking for credit for me personally; I'm asking for credit for the "
+"GNU Project, which includes thousands of developers. But they are right, "
+"it's true: people who are looking for some reason to see evil can see evil "
+"in that. So they go on and say, \"you should let it drop, and when people "
+"call the system Linux, you can smile to yourself and take pride in a job "
+"well done.\" That would be very wise advice if the assumption were correct: "
+"the assumption that the job is done."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1515,19 +1550,24 @@
"developed and have never heard of these ideas that I'm telling you "
"today. And the reason is that, when they hear about the system, they hear it "
"called Linux and it's associated with the apolitical philosophy of Linus "
-"Torvalds. Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. {which is, "
-"you know} Developing the kernel was an important contribution to our "
-"community. At the same time, he is setting a very public bad example by "
-"using a non-free program to do the job. Now, if he were using a non-free "
-"program privately, I would never even have heard about it and I wouldn't "
-"make a fuss about it. But by inviting the other people who work on Linux to "
-"use it with him, he's setting a very public example legitimizing the use of "
-"non-free software. So when people see that, you know, if they think that's "
-"okay, they can't possibly believe that non-free software is bad. So then, "
-"when these companies say, \"yes, {we support} our hardware supports Linux, "
-"here is this binary-only driver you can install, and then it will work,\" "
-"these people see nothing wrong in that, so they don't apply their market "
-"pressure and they don't feel motivated to help in reverse engineering."
+"Torvalds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. {which is, you know} "
+"Developing the kernel was an important contribution to our community. At the "
+"same time, he is setting a very public bad example by using a non-free "
+"program to do the job. Now, if he were using a non-free program privately, I "
+"would never even have heard about it and I wouldn't make a fuss about "
+"it. But by inviting the other people who work on Linux to use it with him, "
+"he's setting a very public example legitimizing the use of non-free "
+"software. So when people see that, you know, if they think that's okay, "
+"they can't possibly believe that non-free software is bad. So then, when "
+"these companies say, \"yes, {we support} our hardware supports Linux, here "
+"is this binary-only driver you can install, and then it will work,\" these "
+"people see nothing wrong in that, so they don't apply their market pressure "
+"and they don't feel motivated to help in reverse engineering."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1561,8 +1601,8 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"[<a "
-"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]"
+"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";> "
+"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1591,17 +1631,21 @@
"possible method to prevent us from having free software to read Word "
"files. First, they switched to a secret Word format, so people had to try to "
"figure out the format. Well, we more or less have figured it out. There are "
-"free programs that will read most Word files (not all). But then they came "
-"up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" Now here's what "
-"Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The beginning of the file has "
-"a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and here comes binary Word format "
-"data,\" and then there's the binary Word format data and then there's "
-"something at the end that says, \"that was binary Word format data.\" And "
-"they patented this. {so that... I'm not sure} I don't know exactly what the "
-"patent does and doesn't cover, but, you know, there are things we could do, "
-"either reading or writing that file format, probably they could try suing us "
-"about. And I'm sure that, if treacherous computing is available for them to "
-"use, they'll use that too."
+"free programs that will read most Word files (not all)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But then they came up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" Now "
+"here's what Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The beginning of "
+"the file has a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and here comes binary "
+"Word format data,\" and then there's the binary Word format data and then "
+"there's something at the end that says, \"that was binary Word format "
+"data.\" And they patented this. {so that... I'm not sure} I don't know "
+"exactly what the patent does and doesn't cover, but, you know, there are "
+"things we could do, either reading or writing that file format, probably "
+"they could try suing us about. And I'm sure that, if treacherous computing "
+"is available for them to use, they'll use that too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1615,18 +1659,23 @@
"\"please send that to me in a format that isn't secret. It's not a good idea "
"to send people Word files.\" And the reason is, we have to overcome the "
"tendency in society for people to use these secret formats for "
-"communication. We have to convince people to insist on publicly documented "
-"standard formats that everyone is free to implement. And Word format is the "
-"worst offender and so that's the best place to start. If somebody sends you "
-"a Word file, don't try to read it. Write back, saying \"you really shouldn't "
-"do that.\" And there's a page in www.gnu.org/philosophy which is good to "
-"reference. It gives an explanation of why this is an important issue."
+"communication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
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-"[<a "
-"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>]"
+"We have to convince people to insist on publicly documented standard formats "
+"that everyone is free to implement. And Word format is the worst offender "
+"and so that's the best place to start. If somebody sends you a Word file, "
+"don't try to read it. Write back, saying \"you really shouldn't do that.\" "
+"And there's a page in www.gnu.org/philosophy which is good to reference. It "
+"gives an explanation of why this is an important issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\";> "
+"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -1896,8 +1945,9 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[RMS, 2010: Gmail is comparable to Hotmail in this regard. See also <a "
-"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a>
"
-"for another issue that applies to some, but not all, network services.]"
+"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\";>
"
+"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a> for "
+"another issue that applies to some, but not all, network services.]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -2138,13 +2188,13 @@
msgid ""
"Non-free software is evil and we're better off with nothing than with "
"non-free software. The tragedy of the commons can happen either through "
-"overuse or under-contribution, but overuse is impossible in "
-"software. Under-contribution happens when a program is proprietary. Then "
-"it's a failure to contribute to the commons. And so I would like that "
-"proprietary software to stop being developed. A non-free program is worse "
-"than no program, because neither one allows you to get a job done in "
-"freedom, but the non-free program might tempt people to give up their "
-"freedom and that's really bad."
+"overuse or under-contribution, but overuse is impossible in software. "
+"Under-contribution happens when a program is proprietary. Then it's a "
+"failure to contribute to the commons. And so I would like that proprietary "
+"software to stop being developed. A non-free program is worse than no "
+"program, because neither one allows you to get a job done in freedom, but "
+"the non-free program might tempt people to give up their freedom and that's "
+"really bad."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -2160,9 +2210,9 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"<b>RICHARD:</b> No, {I don't see} this makes no sense to me at all. I see no "
-"conflict between the philosophy of free software and portability. And in the "
-"free software world we've worked very hard to achieve portability from all "
-"sides. We make our software very portable and we make our software "
+"conflict between the philosophy of free software and portability. And in "
+"the free software world we've worked very hard to achieve portability from "
+"all sides. We make our software very portable and we make our software "
"standardized so that other people can easily have portability, so we are "
"aiding portability from every possible direction. Meanwhile, you see "
"Microsoft deliberately introducing incompatibilities and deliberately "
Index: philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.po 9 Sep 2012 07:12:33
-0000 1.20
+++ philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37
-0000 1.21
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: moglen-harvard-speech-2004.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-08 20:54+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -1182,6 +1183,41 @@
"plus long terme avec ce que nous faisons."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Microsoft's a very wealthy corporation, and it could succeed on a business
+# | model of software-as-a-public utility surrounded by services in the 21st
+# | century. But for all the profound depth of Mr. Gates' mind, the idea of
+# | human freedom is one of those things which doesn't register very well with
+# | him. And the idea of transforming his business into a service business,
+# | for reasons that are, I think, accessible to us all, doesn't appeal.
+# | Therefore, for the survival of the Microsoft monopoly, and I do actually
+# | mean its survival, the theory being presented by Mr. McBride that we are
+# | doing something horrid to the American way of life must prevail.
+# | [-Regrettably for Microsoft, it won't, because what we are actually doing
+# | is more apparent to the world than that propagandistic view will allow
+# | for. We at any rate have to go on about our business, which is
+# | encouraging the freedom of knowledge and in particular the freedom of
+# | technical knowledge, and in doing that, we have to confront the actual
+# | challenges presented to us by the world in which we live (which aren't
+# | SCO), and so for just a few more moments I want to talk about those.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Microsoft's a very wealthy corporation, and it could succeed on a "
+#| "business model of software-as-a-public utility surrounded by services in "
+#| "the 21st century. But for all the profound depth of Mr. Gates' mind, the "
+#| "idea of human freedom is one of those things which doesn't register very "
+#| "well with him. And the idea of transforming his business into a service "
+#| "business, for reasons that are, I think, accessible to us all, doesn't "
+#| "appeal. Therefore, for the survival of the Microsoft monopoly, and I do "
+#| "actually mean its survival, the theory being presented by Mr. McBride "
+#| "that we are doing something horrid to the American way of life must "
+#| "prevail. Regrettably for Microsoft, it won't, because what we are "
+#| "actually doing is more apparent to the world than that propagandistic "
+#| "view will allow for. We at any rate have to go on about our business, "
+#| "which is encouraging the freedom of knowledge and in particular the "
+#| "freedom of technical knowledge, and in doing that, we have to confront "
+#| "the actual challenges presented to us by the world in which we live "
+#| "(which aren't SCO), and so for just a few more moments I want to talk "
+#| "about those."
msgid ""
"Microsoft's a very wealthy corporation, and it could succeed on a business "
"model of software-as-a-public utility surrounded by services in the 21st "
@@ -1191,14 +1227,7 @@
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"for the survival of the Microsoft monopoly, and I do actually mean its "
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msgstr ""
"Microsoft est une société très riche, et elle pourrait réussir sur le
modèle "
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@@ -1219,6 +1248,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"Regrettably for Microsoft, it won't, because what we are actually doing is "
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+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Software is, in our phrase, free, libre. That is to say, we now have a body "
"of software accessible to everybody on earth so robust and so profound in "
"its possibilities that we are a few man months away from doing whatever it "
@@ -1241,6 +1281,40 @@
"logiciel que nous devons relever."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Patent law, unlike copyright law, presents certain features which are
+# | egregious for the freedom of technical knowledge. If the copyright law
+# | presents a workable form of the great 18th century ambition of the
+# | perfectability of human kind, the patent law regrettably does not. This
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+# | deep history of English law that made them worry about them very much.
+# | [-Patent law in the 21st century is a collection of evil nuisances.
+# | There's no question about it. And in the world of software where we
+# | exist, there are some particularly unfortunate characteristics of the way
+# | that the patent law works. We are going to have to work hard to make sure
+# | that the legitimate scope of patent, which is present, but which is small,
+# | is not expanded by careless administrators any further in the course of
+# | the 21st century to cover the ownership of ideas merely because those
+# | ideas are expressed in computer programming languages rather than in, say,
+# | English or mathematics.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Patent law, unlike copyright law, presents certain features which are "
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msgid ""
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+"La loi sur les brevets, contrairement à celle sur le copyright, contient "
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ne "
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Ils "
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"
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+"idées sont exprimées en langage de programmation informatique plutôt que, "
+"par exemple, en anglais ou en termes mathématiques."
+
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+# | Patent [-law, unlike copyright law, presents certain features which are
+# | egregious for the freedom of technical knowledge. If the copyright law
+# | presents a workable form of the great 18th century ambition of the
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"par exemple, en anglais ou en termes mathématiques."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This is work for us, and it is work for us which a lot of smart lawyers
+# | are doing, but they are doing it around the world in various licenses and
+# | other legal structures connected with software in inconsistent ways. And
+# | the inconsistency among the ways in which lawyers are attempting to cope
+# | with the threats posed to software by patents are a serious difficulty for
+# | us. We need to conduct a very high-level seminar in the next five years
+# | around the world over the relationship between patentability and free
+# | software ideas and get square for ourselves what license terms and ways of
+# | working minimize the risks posed by patents. [-There is what I would
+# | characterize at the moment as a constructive diversity of views on that
+# | subject. But the diversity will have to be thinned a little bit through
+# | an improvement of our thought processes if we are by the end of this
+# | decade to have done what we need to do in subduing the growth of
+# | inappropriate patenting and its effect on our particular form of human
+# | knowledge enhancement.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This is work for us, and it is work for us which a lot of smart lawyers "
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msgstr ""
"C'est notre travail, et c'est un travail que de nombreux avocats "
"intelligents sont en train de faire, mais ils le font partout dans le monde "
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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"As you are aware, and as I am spending a year writing a book about, there "
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"movies and various other forms of culture are being distributed better by "
@@ -1368,6 +1534,50 @@
"le laisser passer."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | It is precisely because software is free, that the owners of culture have
+# | to occupy the hardware of the Net in order to make good their business
+# | model. Free software, like, for example, Ian Clark's Freenet or other
+# | forms of free software that engages in peer-to-peer sharing of data, or
+# | for that matter just free software like TCP/IP which is meant for sharing
+# | data, presents overwhelming obstacles to people who want every single
+# | bitstream to bear requirements of ownership and distribution inside it and
+# | to go only to the places that have paid to receive it. The result is an
+# | increasing movement to create what is in truly Orwellian fashion referred
+# | to as trusted computing, which means computers that users can't trust.
+# | [-In order to continue to move for the freedom of knowledge in 21st
+# | century society, we have to prevent trusted computing and its various
+# | ancillary details from constituting the occupation of the hardware of the
+# | Net, to prevent the hardware from running free software that shares
+# | information freely with people who want to share. Beating the trusted
+# | computing challenge is a difficult legal problem, more difficult for the
+# | lawyer in dealing with licensing and the putting together of software
+# | products than the original problem presented by freeing free software in
+# | the first place. This, more than the improvement of the free software
+# | distribution structure as we currently know it, is the problem most before
+# | my mind these days.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It is precisely because software is free, that the owners of culture have "
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+#| "forms of free software that engages in peer-to-peer sharing of data, or "
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msgid ""
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+"computing, which means computers that users can't trust."
+msgstr ""
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+"de données pair-à -pair, ou simplement TCP/IP, qui a été conçu pour
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+"des données, présente d'insurmontables obstacles aux personnes qui veulent "
+"que chaque flux de bits porte en lui les authentifications de propriété et "
+"de distribution et aille uniquement aux endroits qui ont payé pour le "
+"recevoir. Le résultat est une tendance croissante à créer ce qui, de
manière "
+"franchement orwellienne, est appelé « informatique de confiance »,
c'est-Ã -"
+"dire des ordinateurs en lesquels les utilisateurs ne peuvent avoir "
+"confiance. Afin de continuer à avancer vers la libération du savoir dans "
+"notre société du XXIe siècle, nous devons empêcher l'informatique de "
+"confiance et ses accessoires d'envahir le matériel d'Internet dans le but "
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+"partagent l'information librement avec les personnes désireuses de la "
+"partager. Remporter le défi posé par l'informatique de confiance est un "
+"problème juridique difficile, plus difficile pour l'avocat, quand il s'agit "
+"de gérer des licences et de mettre en place des produits logiciels, que le "
+"problème d'origine présenté par la libération initiale du logiciel. Ceci,
"
+"plus que l'amélioration de la structure de distribution du logiciel libre "
+"comme nous la connaissons actuellement, est le problème qui m'occupe "
+"l'esprit en ce moment."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+# | have to occupy the hardware of the Net in order to make good their
+# | business model. Free software, like, for example, Ian Clark's Freenet or
+# | other forms of free software that engages in peer-to-peer sharing of data,
+# | or for that matter just free software like TCP/IP which is meant for
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+# | it and to go only to the places that have paid to receive it. The result
+# | is an increasing movement to create what is in truly Orwellian fashion
+# | referred to as trusted computing, which means computers that users can't
+# | trust.-]In order to continue to move for the freedom of knowledge in 21st
+# | century society, we have to prevent trusted computing and its various
+# | ancillary details from constituting the occupation of the hardware of the
+# | Net, to prevent the hardware from running free software that shares
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+# | computing challenge is a difficult legal problem, more difficult for the
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+# | products than the original problem presented by freeing free software in
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+# | distribution structure as we currently know it, is the problem most before
+# | my mind these days.
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+#| "model. Free software, like, for example, Ian Clark's Freenet or other "
+#| "forms of free software that engages in peer-to-peer sharing of data, or "
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msgstr ""
"C'est précisément parce que le logiciel est libre que les propriétaires de
"
"la culture ont besoin d'occuper le matériel d'Internet pour faire "
@@ -1441,6 +1722,40 @@
"trop pauvres pour payer la bande passante dont ils ont besoin pour apprendre."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This arises from the fact that the electromagnetic spectrum too has been
+# | treated as property since the second quarter of the 20th century. That
+# | was said to be technically necessary as a result of technical problems
+# | with interference that are no longer relevant in the world of intelligent
+# | devices. The single greatest free software problem in the 21st century is
+# | how to return the electromagnetic spectrum to use by sharing rather than
+# | use-by-propertization. Here again, as you will notice, free software
+# | itself, free executable software, has a major role to play. [-Because it
+# | is software-controlled radios, that is to say devices whose operating
+# | characteristics are contained in software and can be modified by their
+# | users, that reclaim the spectrum for shared rather than propertarian use.
+# | Here is the central problem that we will be dealing with, not at the end
+# | of this decade, but for the two or three decades that follow, as we seek
+# | to improve access to knowledge around the world for every human mind. We
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+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This arises from the fact that the electromagnetic spectrum too has been "
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+#| "devices. The single greatest free software problem in the 21st century "
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"This arises from the fact that the electromagnetic spectrum too has been "
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+"Cela provient du fait que le spectre électromagnétique a été traité
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+"techniquement nécessaire, à cause de problèmes d'interférences qui ne
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+"plus d'actualité dans le monde des appareils intelligents. Au XXIe siècle, "
+"le problème de loin le plus grave du logiciel libre est de rendre le spectre
"
+"électromagnétique à l'usage partagé plutôt qu'à l'usage par
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+"Ici encore, comme vous l'aurez remarqué, le logiciel libre lui-même, "
+"logiciel librement exécutable, a un rôle majeur à jouer. Parce que ce sont
"
+"des radios contrôlées par du logiciel, c'est-à -dire des appareils dont les
"
+"caractéristiques fonctionnelles sont contenues dans le logiciel et peuvent "
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+"usage partagé plutôt que privateur. C'est le problème central auquel nous "
+"devrons faire face, non pas à la fin de cette décennie, mais durant les
deux "
+"ou trois décennies suivantes, dans notre effort pour améliorer l'accès au "
+"savoir partout dans le monde pour chaque esprit humain. Nous aurons à "
+"déterminer comment nous servir des outils techniques et juridiques que nous "
+"contrôlons pour libérer le spectre."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+# | with interference that are no longer relevant in the world of intelligent
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+# | users, that reclaim the spectrum for shared rather than propertarian use.
+# | Here is the central problem that we will be dealing with, not at the end
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+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
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msgstr ""
"Cela provient du fait que le spectre électromagnétique a été traité
comme "
"une propriété depuis le deuxième quart du XXe siècle. On a dit que
c'était "
@@ -1601,6 +1971,44 @@
"gratuit."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Hardware, that is computers and, you know PDAs, as well as shoes and
+# | tables and bricks in the wall and even seats in a Harvard Law School
+# | classroom, has non-zero marginal cost. And the traditional microeconomic
+# | reasoning still continues to apply to it in pretty much the way that it
+# | did for Adam Smith, David Ricardo, or Karl Marx. Reasoning about hardware
+# | is, in that sense, like reasoning about the economy we grew up in and
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+# | century no longer participates in the traditional microeconomics of price,
+# | asymptotically reaching towards a non-zero marginal cost, that we
+# | experience so much opportunity to give people what they never had before.
+# | And when I speak to you about the difference between hardware and software
+# | I'm implicitly observing the distinction between the traditional non-zero
+# | marginal cost economy and the wonderful and weird economics of bitstreams,
+# | in which the traditional microeconomic theory gives the right answers, but
+# | traditional microeconomic theorists don't like what they see when they do
+# | the chalk work.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Hardware, that is computers and, you know PDAs, as well as shoes and "
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+#| "did for Adam Smith, David Ricardo, or Karl Marx. Reasoning about "
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"
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+"le même problème â comment couvrir les coûts de chaque nouvelle unitéÂ
â que "
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qu'au "
+"XXIe siècle une telle quantité de savoir et de culture humaine ne font plus
"
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+"bits, dans laquelle la théorie traditionnelle de la microéconomie donne
bien "
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ce "
+"qu'ils voient quand ils font leurs prévisions."
+
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msgstr ""
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@@ -1684,8 +2155,12 @@
"<b>Q:</b> I was wondering if the SCO lawsuit might be the first of what "
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+
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+"damages?"
+msgstr ""
+
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+#| "you could see this kind of lawsuit come up would be, oddly enough, "
+#| "through the thirty-five year termination rule, something that normally "
+#| "would be heralded by people in your position, to say copyright law allows "
+#| "musicians and artists who stupidly signed agreements when they were but "
+#| "small peons, without legal assistance with big companies, thirty-five "
+#| "years later can take it all back, no matter what. They can reset the "
+#| "clock to zero and re- negotiate. I call this the Rod Stewart Salvation "
+#| "Act. [laughter] And while that might be helpful for the artists, much as "
+#| "the music industry hates it, couldn't that also mean that free software "
+#| "coders, who willingly contributed, weren't even blocked by their "
+#| "employers, to contribute to Free Software Movement, could — down "
+#| "the line — and thirty-five years isn't that long in the history of "
+#| "Unix, say, “We take it all back?”"
+msgid ""
+"The second possible way in which you could see this kind of lawsuit come up "
+"would be, oddly enough, through the thirty-five year termination rule, "
+"something that normally would be heralded by people in your position, to say "
+"copyright law allows musicians and artists who stupidly signed agreements "
+"when they were but small peons, without legal assistance with big companies, "
+"thirty-five years later can take it all back, no matter what. They can reset "
+"the clock to zero and re- negotiate. I call this the Rod Stewart Salvation "
+"Act. [laughter] And while that might be helpful for the artists, much as the "
+"music industry hates it, couldn't that also mean that free software coders, "
+"who willingly contributed, weren't even blocked by their employers, to "
+"contribute to Free Software Movement, could — down the line — "
+"and thirty-five years isn't that long in the history of Unix, say, “We "
+"take it all back?”"
msgstr ""
"<b>Q :</b> Je me demandais si le procès SCO pourrait devenir le premier "
"d'une longue suite de procès intentés en série et en parallèle contre le "
@@ -1743,6 +2281,60 @@
"« Nous reprenons tout » ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <b>Moglen:</b> So, those are two very good questions. If I answer each
+# | one of them fully, I'm going to take too long. Let me concentrate on the
+# | first one, because I think it's really quite important. What Jonathan's
+# | question does is point out to you that the great legal issues in the
+# | freedom of free software have less to do with the license than with the
+# | process of assembly by which the original product is put together. One of
+# | the legal consequences of the SCO affair is that people are going to start
+# | to pay closer attention all the time to how free software products are put
+# | together. They are going to discover that what really matters is how you
+# | deal with the questions of, for example, possible lurking work-for-hire
+# | claims against free software. They're going to discover that in this
+# | respect, too, Mr. Stallman was quite prescient, because they are going to
+# | recognize that the way they want their free software put together is the
+# | way the Free Software Foundation put it together since now more than
+# | twenty years. [-The way we're going, they're going to discover that they
+# | really would like to have it, is for each individual contribution of code
+# | to a free software project, if the guy who contributed the code was
+# | working in the industry, they would really like to have a work-for-hire
+# | disclaimer from the guy's employer, executed at the same time that the
+# | contribution was made. And the filing cabinets at the Free Software
+# | Foundation are going to look to them like an oasis in a desert of possible
+# | problems. We saw that problem coming. We have tried in our act as stewards
+# | over a large part of the free software in the world to deal with it.
+# | People are going to want to have that up front for everything that they
+# | can possibly, and they're going to be much more reluctant to rely on
+# | software that wasn't assembled in those ways.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>Moglen:</b> So, those are two very good questions. If I answer each "
+#| "one of them fully, I'm going to take too long. Let me concentrate on the "
+#| "first one, because I think it's really quite important. What Jonathan's "
+#| "question does is point out to you that the great legal issues in the "
+#| "freedom of free software have less to do with the license than with the "
+#| "process of assembly by which the original product is put together. One "
+#| "of the legal consequences of the SCO affair is that people are going to "
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+#| "how you deal with the questions of, for example, possible lurking work-"
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+#| "this respect, too, Mr. Stallman was quite prescient, because they are "
+#| "going to recognize that the way they want their free software put "
+#| "together is the way the Free Software Foundation put it together since "
+#| "now more than twenty years. The way we're going, they're going to "
+#| "discover that they really would like to have it, is for each individual "
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+#| "contributed the code was working in the industry, they would really like "
+#| "to have a work-for-hire disclaimer from the guy's employer, executed at "
+#| "the same time that the contribution was made. And the filing cabinets at "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation are going to look to them like an oasis in a "
+#| "desert of possible problems. We saw that problem coming. We have tried in "
+#| "our act as stewards over a large part of the free software in the world "
+#| "to deal with it. People are going to want to have that up front for "
+#| "everything that they can possibly, and they're going to be much more "
+#| "reluctant to rely on software that wasn't assembled in those ways."
msgid ""
"<b>Moglen:</b> So, those are two very good questions. If I answer each one "
"of them fully, I'm going to take too long. Let me concentrate on the first "
@@ -1758,17 +2350,103 @@
"respect, too, Mr. Stallman was quite prescient, because they are going to "
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-"more reluctant to rely on software that wasn't assembled in those ways."
+"years."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>Moglen :</b> Ce sont deux très bonnes questions. Si je réponds "
+"complètement à chacune, je vais prendre trop de temps. Laissez-moi donc me "
+"concentrer sur la première, qui à mon avis est vraiment importante. La "
+"question de Jonathan vous montre que, pour la liberté du logiciel libre, les
"
+"grands problèmes juridiques ont moins à voir avec la licence qu'avec le "
+"procédé d'assemblage par lequel le produit original est construit. Une des "
+"conséquences juridiques du procès SCO est que les gens vont commencer à "
+"faire plus attention en permanence à la manière dont les logiciels libres "
+"sont construits sur le plan juridique. Ils vont s'apercevoir que ce qui "
+"importe vraiment est la manière dont on traite des questions comme, par "
+"exemple, les menaces potentielles de revendications de copyright par "
+"l'employeur dans le cadre du contrat de travail. Ils vont s'apercevoir que "
+"sur cet aspect-là également, M. Stallman a été tout à fait visionnaireÂ
; ils "
+"vont en effet reconnaître que la manière dont ils veulent que leurs "
+"logiciels libres soient construits est celle qui est utilisée par la "
+"Fondation pour le logiciel libre depuis plus de vingt ans. Du train où nous "
+"allons, ils vont découvrir ce qu'il souhaitent vraiment : pour chaque "
+"contribution individuelle de code à un projet de logiciel libre de la part "
+"d'une personne qui travaille dans l'industrie, une renonciation de "
+"l'employeur au copyright, établie au moment où la contribution a été "
+"effectuée. Et les classeurs de la Fondation pour le logiciel libre vont leur
"
+"apparaître comme une oasis au milieu d'un désert d'ennuis potentiels. Nous "
+"avons vu venir ce problème. En tant que gardiens d'une bonne part du "
+"logiciel libre dans le monde, nous avons essayé de le gérer. Les gens vont "
+"vouloir se faire un rempart de ceci dans toute la mesure du possible, et ils "
+"seront bien plus réticents à faire confiance à du logiciel qui n'aura pas "
+"été assemblé de cette façon-là ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<b>Moglen:</b> So, those are two very good questions. If I answer each
+# | one of them fully, I'm going to take too long. Let me concentrate on the
+# | first one, because I think it's really quite important. What Jonathan's
+# | question does is point out to you that the great legal issues in the
+# | freedom of free software have less to do with the license than with the
+# | process of assembly by which the original product is put together. One of
+# | the legal consequences of the SCO affair is that people are going to start
+# | to pay closer attention all the time to how free software products are put
+# | together. They are going to discover that what really matters is how you
+# | deal with the questions of, for example, possible lurking work-for-hire
+# | claims against free software. They're going to discover that in this
+# | respect, too, Mr. Stallman was quite prescient, because they are going to
+# | recognize that the way they want their free software put together is the
+# | way the Free Software Foundation put it together since now more than
+# | twenty years.-]The way we're going, they're going to discover that they
+# | really would like to have it, is for each individual contribution of code
+# | to a free software project, if the guy who contributed the code was
+# | working in the industry, they would really like to have a work-for-hire
+# | disclaimer from the guy's employer, executed at the same time that the
+# | contribution was made. And the filing cabinets at the Free Software
+# | Foundation are going to look to them like an oasis in a desert of possible
+# | problems. We saw that problem coming. We have tried in our act as stewards
+# | over a large part of the free software in the world to deal with it.
+# | People are going to want to have that up front for everything that they
+# | can possibly, and they're going to be much more reluctant to rely on
+# | software that wasn't assembled in those ways.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>Moglen:</b> So, those are two very good questions. If I answer each "
+#| "one of them fully, I'm going to take too long. Let me concentrate on the "
+#| "first one, because I think it's really quite important. What Jonathan's "
+#| "question does is point out to you that the great legal issues in the "
+#| "freedom of free software have less to do with the license than with the "
+#| "process of assembly by which the original product is put together. One "
+#| "of the legal consequences of the SCO affair is that people are going to "
+#| "start to pay closer attention all the time to how free software products "
+#| "are put together. They are going to discover that what really matters is "
+#| "how you deal with the questions of, for example, possible lurking work-"
+#| "for-hire claims against free software. They're going to discover that in "
+#| "this respect, too, Mr. Stallman was quite prescient, because they are "
+#| "going to recognize that the way they want their free software put "
+#| "together is the way the Free Software Foundation put it together since "
+#| "now more than twenty years. The way we're going, they're going to "
+#| "discover that they really would like to have it, is for each individual "
+#| "contribution of code to a free software project, if the guy who "
+#| "contributed the code was working in the industry, they would really like "
+#| "to have a work-for-hire disclaimer from the guy's employer, executed at "
+#| "the same time that the contribution was made. And the filing cabinets at "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation are going to look to them like an oasis in a "
+#| "desert of possible problems. We saw that problem coming. We have tried in "
+#| "our act as stewards over a large part of the free software in the world "
+#| "to deal with it. People are going to want to have that up front for "
+#| "everything that they can possibly, and they're going to be much more "
+#| "reluctant to rely on software that wasn't assembled in those ways."
+msgid ""
+"The way we're going, they're going to discover that they really would like "
+"to have it, is for each individual contribution of code to a free software "
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+"they would really like to have a work-for-hire disclaimer from the guy's "
+"employer, executed at the same time that the contribution was made. And the "
+"filing cabinets at the Free Software Foundation are going to look to them "
+"like an oasis in a desert of possible problems. We saw that problem coming. "
+"We have tried in our act as stewards over a large part of the free software "
+"in the world to deal with it. People are going to want to have that up front "
+"for everything that they can possibly, and they're going to be much more "
+"reluctant to rely on software that wasn't assembled in those ways."
msgstr ""
"<b>Moglen :</b> Ce sont deux très bonnes questions. Si je réponds "
"complètement à chacune, je vais prendre trop de temps. Laissez-moi donc me "
@@ -2137,6 +2815,42 @@
"nous le fassions tous avec beaucoup d'assiduité."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <b>Q:</b> I'll ask a question. You talked a lot about distribution and how
+# | you think that ought to be free, and I think I see that argument much
+# | better than I see the argument about how creators of zero-marginal-cost
+# | distribution goods will necessarily be compensated for what they create,
+# | and so I've heard a lot of, I don't think these are any of your arguments,
+# | but I've heard, OK, well, that the musicians will go on tour, so they'll
+# | make it back that way, you know, whatever time they put in. Or people will
+# | keep creating whatever it is they create — and this applies to more
+# | than just, you know, movies or music — it applies to books, or even
+# | non-entertainment-style knowledge-type things, there's gotta be, you hear
+# | people will still do the same amount of it because they love to do it or
+# | are interested to do it, but I don't think that quite compensates for the
+# | compensation that many of those creators now receive. [-And so I was
+# | wondering if you would comment a little bit on how the free distribution
+# | world, which differs from the current world in that many of the current
+# | distribution regimes were created specifically only to compensate people,
+# | will differ in terms of compensating creators.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>Q:</b> I'll ask a question. You talked a lot about distribution and "
+#| "how you think that ought to be free, and I think I see that argument much "
+#| "better than I see the argument about how creators of zero-marginal-cost "
+#| "distribution goods will necessarily be compensated for what they create, "
+#| "and so I've heard a lot of, I don't think these are any of your "
+#| "arguments, but I've heard, OK, well, that the musicians will go on tour, "
+#| "so they'll make it back that way, you know, whatever time they put in. Or "
+#| "people will keep creating whatever it is they create — and this "
+#| "applies to more than just, you know, movies or music — it applies "
+#| "to books, or even non-entertainment-style knowledge-type things, there's "
+#| "gotta be, you hear people will still do the same amount of it because "
+#| "they love to do it or are interested to do it, but I don't think that "
+#| "quite compensates for the compensation that many of those creators now "
+#| "receive. And so I was wondering if you would comment a little bit on how "
+#| "the free distribution world, which differs from the current world in that "
+#| "many of the current distribution regimes were created specifically only "
+#| "to compensate people, will differ in terms of compensating creators."
msgid ""
"<b>Q:</b> I'll ask a question. You talked a lot about distribution and how "
"you think that ought to be free, and I think I see that argument much better "
@@ -2150,11 +2864,7 @@
"entertainment-style knowledge-type things, there's gotta be, you hear people "
"will still do the same amount of it because they love to do it or are "
"interested to do it, but I don't think that quite compensates for the "
-"compensation that many of those creators now receive. And so I was wondering "
-"if you would comment a little bit on how the free distribution world, which "
-"differs from the current world in that many of the current distribution "
-"regimes were created specifically only to compensate people, will differ in "
-"terms of compensating creators."
+"compensation that many of those creators now receive."
msgstr ""
"<b>Q :</b> Je vais vous poser une question. Vous avez beaucoup parlé de la "
"distribution, et de la raison pour laquelle vous pensez qu'elle devrait être
"
@@ -2179,6 +2889,14 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"And so I was wondering if you would comment a little bit on how the free "
+"distribution world, which differs from the current world in that many of the "
+"current distribution regimes were created specifically only to compensate "
+"people, will differ in terms of compensating creators."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"<b>Moglen:</b> I will say a little bit now, and in the interests of time "
"also say that you can find in the Net where I put stuff which is at http://";
"moglen.law.columbia.edu a paper called <a href=\"http://moglen.law.columbia.";
@@ -2437,6 +3155,42 @@
"verront encore plus clairement."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <b>Q:</b> So, author writes software. The moment the software is fixed in
+# | a tangible medium, copyright attaches; others can't use it without further
+# | action by author. Author chooses to adopt the General Public License to
+# | govern what others can do with the software, and you made the intriguing
+# | point then that the General Public License gives, with certain limits, and
+# | that's why, you point out, nobody is really wanting to challenge it all
+# | that much because it would be a Pyrrhic challenge. If you win and the
+# | license evaporates, then it rubber-bands back to the author. [-That seems
+# | so persuasive, and almost proves too much, doesn't it? Because, suppose
+# | another author writes software, writes for now with the author and chooses
+# | to license it under the Grand Old Party License, by which only Republicans
+# | may make derivative works, and other, what would otherwise be
+# | copyright-infringing uses of the software. One, do you think such a
+# | license should be enforced by the courts? And two, couldn't you say the
+# | same logic would apply, that nobody would dare to challenge it because
+# | half a loaf is better than none? At least, let the Republicans use the
+# | software.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>Q:</b> So, author writes software. The moment the software is fixed in "
+#| "a tangible medium, copyright attaches; others can't use it without "
+#| "further action by author. Author chooses to adopt the General Public "
+#| "License to govern what others can do with the software, and you made the "
+#| "intriguing point then that the General Public License gives, with certain "
+#| "limits, and that's why, you point out, nobody is really wanting to "
+#| "challenge it all that much because it would be a Pyrrhic challenge. If "
+#| "you win and the license evaporates, then it rubber-bands back to the "
+#| "author. That seems so persuasive, and almost proves too much, doesn't "
+#| "it? Because, suppose another author writes software, writes for now with "
+#| "the author and chooses to license it under the Grand Old Party License, "
+#| "by which only Republicans may make derivative works, and other, what "
+#| "would otherwise be copyright-infringing uses of the software. One, do you "
+#| "think such a license should be enforced by the courts? And two, couldn't "
+#| "you say the same logic would apply, that nobody would dare to challenge "
+#| "it because half a loaf is better than none? At least, let the Republicans "
+#| "use the software."
msgid ""
"<b>Q:</b> So, author writes software. The moment the software is fixed in a "
"tangible medium, copyright attaches; others can't use it without further "
@@ -2445,15 +3199,74 @@
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"that's why, you point out, nobody is really wanting to challenge it all that "
"much because it would be a Pyrrhic challenge. If you win and the license "
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-"apply, that nobody would dare to challenge it because half a loaf is better "
-"than none? At least, let the Republicans use the software."
+"evaporates, then it rubber-bands back to the author."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>Q :</b> Donc, l'auteur écrit un logiciel. Au moment où le logiciel est "
+"fixé dans un support tangible, le copyright s'y attache ; personne d'autre "
+"ne peut l'utiliser sans autre action de l'auteur. L'auteur choisit d'adopter "
+"la <cite>General Public License</cite> pour gérer ce que les autres peuvent "
+"faire avec le logiciel, et vous avez dit cette chose intrigante que la GPL "
+"donne des permissions, dans certaines limites, et c'est pourquoi vous avez "
+"fait remarquer que personne ne veut vraiment la défier car ce serait un
défi "
+"à la Pyrrhus. Si vous gagnez et que la licence disparaît, alors cela
revient "
+"automatiquement à l'auteur. Cela semble convaincant, et prouve presque trop,
"
+"n'est-ce pas ? Parce que, supposons qu'un autre auteur écrive du logiciel, "
+"qu'il l'écrive pour le moment avec l'auteur et choisisse de le placer sous "
+"la <cite>Grand Old Party License,</cite><a id=\"TransNote12-rev\" href="
+"\"#TransNote12\"><sup>12</sup></a> selon laquelle seuls les Républicains "
+"peuvent en tirer des travaux dérivés et d'autre choses qui, sinon, seraient
"
+"des infractions au copyright du logiciel. Premièrement, pensez-vous que les "
+"tribunaux devraient faire appliquer une licence de ce type ? Et en deuxième
"
+"lieu, ne pourrait-on pas dire que la même logique s'appliquerait, que "
+"personne n'oserait la défier car un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras ? "
+"Au moins, laissons les Républicains utiliser le logiciel."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<b>Q:</b> So, author writes software. The moment the software is fixed
+# | in a tangible medium, copyright attaches; others can't use it without
+# | further action by author. Author chooses to adopt the General Public
+# | License to govern what others can do with the software, and you made the
+# | intriguing point then that the General Public License gives, with certain
+# | limits, and that's why, you point out, nobody is really wanting to
+# | challenge it all that much because it would be a Pyrrhic challenge. If
+# | you win and the license evaporates, then it rubber-bands back to the
+# | author.-]That seems so persuasive, and almost proves too much, doesn't it?
+# | Because, suppose another author writes software, writes for now with the
+# | author and chooses to license it under the Grand Old Party License, by
+# | which only Republicans may make derivative works, and other, what would
+# | otherwise be copyright-infringing uses of the software. One, do you think
+# | such a license should be enforced by the courts? And two, couldn't you say
+# | the same logic would apply, that nobody would dare to challenge it because
+# | half a loaf is better than none? At least, let the Republicans use the
+# | software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>Q:</b> So, author writes software. The moment the software is fixed in "
+#| "a tangible medium, copyright attaches; others can't use it without "
+#| "further action by author. Author chooses to adopt the General Public "
+#| "License to govern what others can do with the software, and you made the "
+#| "intriguing point then that the General Public License gives, with certain "
+#| "limits, and that's why, you point out, nobody is really wanting to "
+#| "challenge it all that much because it would be a Pyrrhic challenge. If "
+#| "you win and the license evaporates, then it rubber-bands back to the "
+#| "author. That seems so persuasive, and almost proves too much, doesn't "
+#| "it? Because, suppose another author writes software, writes for now with "
+#| "the author and chooses to license it under the Grand Old Party License, "
+#| "by which only Republicans may make derivative works, and other, what "
+#| "would otherwise be copyright-infringing uses of the software. One, do you "
+#| "think such a license should be enforced by the courts? And two, couldn't "
+#| "you say the same logic would apply, that nobody would dare to challenge "
+#| "it because half a loaf is better than none? At least, let the Republicans "
+#| "use the software."
+msgid ""
+"That seems so persuasive, and almost proves too much, doesn't it? Because, "
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+"should be enforced by the courts? And two, couldn't you say the same logic "
+"would apply, that nobody would dare to challenge it because half a loaf is "
+"better than none? At least, let the Republicans use the software."
msgstr ""
"<b>Q :</b> Donc, l'auteur écrit un logiciel. Au moment où le logiciel est "
"fixé dans un support tangible, le copyright s'y attache ; personne d'autre "
Index: philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.pot
===================================================================
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retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:28
-0000 1.8
+++ philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37
-0000 1.9
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: moglen-harvard-speech-2004.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -733,14 +733,18 @@
"reasons that are, I think, accessible to us all, doesn't appeal. Therefore, "
"for the survival of the Microsoft monopoly, and I do actually mean its "
"survival, the theory being presented by Mr. McBride that we are doing "
-"something horrid to the American way of life must prevail. Regrettably for "
-"Microsoft, it won't, because what we are actually doing is more apparent to "
-"the world than that propagandistic view will allow for. We at any rate have "
-"to go on about our business, which is encouraging the freedom of knowledge "
-"and in particular the freedom of technical knowledge, and in doing that, we "
-"have to confront the actual challenges presented to us by the world in which "
-"we live (which aren't SCO), and so for just a few more moments I want to "
-"talk about those."
+"something horrid to the American way of life must prevail."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Regrettably for Microsoft, it won't, because what we are actually doing is "
+"more apparent to the world than that propagandistic view will allow for. We "
+"at any rate have to go on about our business, which is encouraging the "
+"freedom of knowledge and in particular the freedom of technical knowledge, "
+"and in doing that, we have to confront the actual challenges presented to us "
+"by the world in which we live (which aren't SCO), and so for just a few more "
+"moments I want to talk about those."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -764,10 +768,14 @@
"perfectability of human kind, the patent law regrettably does not. This is "
"not surprising, 18th century thinkers were a little dubious about the patent "
"law as well. They had a concern for statutory monopolies and a deep history "
-"of English law that made them worry about them very much. Patent law in the "
-"21st century is a collection of evil nuisances. There's no question about "
-"it. And in the world of software where we exist, there are some "
-"particularly unfortunate characteristics of the way that the patent law "
+"of English law that made them worry about them very much."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Patent law in the 21st century is a collection of evil nuisances. There's no "
+"question about it. And in the world of software where we exist, there are "
+"some particularly unfortunate characteristics of the way that the patent law "
"works. We are going to have to work hard to make sure that the legitimate "
"scope of patent, which is present, but which is small, is not expanded by "
"careless administrators any further in the course of the 21st century to "
@@ -785,12 +793,17 @@
"need to conduct a very high-level seminar in the next five years around the "
"world over the relationship between patentability and free software ideas "
"and get square for ourselves what license terms and ways of working minimize "
-"the risks posed by patents. There is what I would characterize at the "
-"moment as a constructive diversity of views on that subject. But the "
-"diversity will have to be thinned a little bit through an improvement of our "
-"thought processes if we are by the end of this decade to have done what we "
-"need to do in subduing the growth of inappropriate patenting and its effect "
-"on our particular form of human knowledge enhancement."
+"the risks posed by patents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is what I would characterize at the moment as a constructive diversity "
+"of views on that subject. But the diversity will have to be thinned a "
+"little bit through an improvement of our thought processes if we are by the "
+"end of this decade to have done what we need to do in subduing the growth of "
+"inappropriate patenting and its effect on our particular form of human "
+"knowledge enhancement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -836,17 +849,21 @@
"bear requirements of ownership and distribution inside it and to go only to "
"the places that have paid to receive it. The result is an increasing "
"movement to create what is in truly Orwellian fashion referred to as trusted "
-"computing, which means computers that users can't trust. In order to "
-"continue to move for the freedom of knowledge in 21st century society, we "
-"have to prevent trusted computing and its various ancillary details from "
-"constituting the occupation of the hardware of the Net, to prevent the "
-"hardware from running free software that shares information freely with "
-"people who want to share. Beating the trusted computing challenge is a "
-"difficult legal problem, more difficult for the lawyer in dealing with "
-"licensing and the putting together of software products than the original "
-"problem presented by freeing free software in the first place. This, more "
-"than the improvement of the free software distribution structure as we "
-"currently know it, is the problem most before my mind these days."
+"computing, which means computers that users can't trust."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In order to continue to move for the freedom of knowledge in 21st century "
+"society, we have to prevent trusted computing and its various ancillary "
+"details from constituting the occupation of the hardware of the Net, to "
+"prevent the hardware from running free software that shares information "
+"freely with people who want to share. Beating the trusted computing "
+"challenge is a difficult legal problem, more difficult for the lawyer in "
+"dealing with licensing and the putting together of software products than "
+"the original problem presented by freeing free software in the first place. "
+"This, more than the improvement of the free software distribution structure "
+"as we currently know it, is the problem most before my mind these days."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -873,10 +890,14 @@
"devices. The single greatest free software problem in the 21st century is "
"how to return the electromagnetic spectrum to use by sharing rather than "
"use-by-propertization. Here again, as you will notice, free software itself, "
-"free executable software, has a major role to play. Because it is "
-"software-controlled radios, that is to say devices whose operating "
-"characteristics are contained in software and can be modified by their "
-"users, that reclaim the spectrum for shared rather than propertarian "
+"free executable software, has a major role to play."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because it is software-controlled radios, that is to say devices whose "
+"operating characteristics are contained in software and can be modified by "
+"their users, that reclaim the spectrum for shared rather than propertarian "
"use. Here is the central problem that we will be dealing with, not at the "
"end of this decade, but for the two or three decades that follow, as we seek "
"to improve access to knowledge around the world for every human mind. We "
@@ -966,16 +987,21 @@
"David Ricardo, or Karl Marx. Reasoning about hardware is, in that sense, "
"like reasoning about the economy we grew up in and presents all of those "
"questions of how you actually cover the costs of each new unit that the "
-"market is designed to help us solve. It's precisely because so much of "
-"human knowledge and culture in the 21st century no longer participates in "
-"the traditional microeconomics of price, asymptotically reaching towards a "
-"non-zero marginal cost, that we experience so much opportunity to give "
-"people what they never had before. And when I speak to you about the "
-"difference between hardware and software I'm implicitly observing the "
-"distinction between the traditional non-zero marginal cost economy and the "
-"wonderful and weird economics of bitstreams, in which the traditional "
-"microeconomic theory gives the right answers, but traditional microeconomic "
-"theorists don't like what they see when they do the chalk work."
+"market is designed to help us solve."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It's precisely because so much of human knowledge and culture in the 21st "
+"century no longer participates in the traditional microeconomics of price, "
+"asymptotically reaching towards a non-zero marginal cost, that we experience "
+"so much opportunity to give people what they never had before. And when I "
+"speak to you about the difference between hardware and software I'm "
+"implicitly observing the distinction between the traditional non-zero "
+"marginal cost economy and the wonderful and weird economics of bitstreams, "
+"in which the traditional microeconomic theory gives the right answers, but "
+"traditional microeconomic theorists don't like what they see when they do "
+"the chalk work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1006,7 +1032,12 @@
"could become a series of lawsuits filed ad seriatim and in parallel against "
"free software? And wanted to get your view on two possible types of lawsuits "
"that could follow on the heels of SCO, regardless of whether SCO won or "
-"lost. The first would be a lawsuit filed by a company that to its shock and "
+"lost."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The first would be a lawsuit filed by a company that to its shock and "
"amazement found that instead of its programmers hoping for their first "
"house, working on the stuff they were supposed to work on by day, they were "
"in fact spending most of their time Slashdot and the rest of their time "
@@ -1016,19 +1047,24 @@
"property of the company, maybe even a work for hire, what is the prospect "
"that a company could then say, Our code through that coder has been worked "
"in to something like Linux, and it is now infringing unless we are paid "
-"damages? The second possible way in which you could see this kind of lawsuit "
-"come up would be, oddly enough, through the thirty-five year termination "
-"rule, something that normally would be heralded by people in your position, "
-"to say copyright law allows musicians and artists who stupidly signed "
-"agreements when they were but small peons, without legal assistance with big "
-"companies, thirty-five years later can take it all back, no matter "
-"what. They can reset the clock to zero and re- negotiate. I call this the "
-"Rod Stewart Salvation Act. [laughter] And while that might be helpful for "
-"the artists, much as the music industry hates it, couldn't that also mean "
-"that free software coders, who willingly contributed, weren't even blocked "
-"by their employers, to contribute to Free Software Movement, could — "
-"down the line — and thirty-five years isn't that long in the history "
-"of Unix, say, “We take it all back?”"
+"damages?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The second possible way in which you could see this kind of lawsuit come up "
+"would be, oddly enough, through the thirty-five year termination rule, "
+"something that normally would be heralded by people in your position, to say "
+"copyright law allows musicians and artists who stupidly signed agreements "
+"when they were but small peons, without legal assistance with big companies, "
+"thirty-five years later can take it all back, no matter what. They can reset "
+"the clock to zero and re- negotiate. I call this the Rod Stewart Salvation "
+"Act. [laughter] And while that might be helpful for the artists, much as the "
+"music industry hates it, couldn't that also mean that free software coders, "
+"who willingly contributed, weren't even blocked by their employers, to "
+"contribute to Free Software Movement, could — down the line — "
+"and thirty-five years isn't that long in the history of Unix, say, “We "
+"take it all back?”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1047,13 +1083,18 @@
"respect, too, Mr. Stallman was quite prescient, because they are going to "
"recognize that the way they want their free software put together is the way "
"the Free Software Foundation put it together since now more than twenty "
-"years. The way we're going, they're going to discover that they really would "
-"like to have it, is for each individual contribution of code to a free "
-"software project, if the guy who contributed the code was working in the "
-"industry, they would really like to have a work-for-hire disclaimer from the "
-"guy's employer, executed at the same time that the contribution was made. "
-"And the filing cabinets at the Free Software Foundation are going to look to "
-"them like an oasis in a desert of possible problems. We saw that problem "
+"years."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The way we're going, they're going to discover that they really would like "
+"to have it, is for each individual contribution of code to a free software "
+"project, if the guy who contributed the code was working in the industry, "
+"they would really like to have a work-for-hire disclaimer from the guy's "
+"employer, executed at the same time that the contribution was made. And the "
+"filing cabinets at the Free Software Foundation are going to look to them "
+"like an oasis in a desert of possible problems. We saw that problem "
"coming. We have tried in our act as stewards over a large part of the free "
"software in the world to deal with it. People are going to want to have that "
"up front for everything that they can possibly, and they're going to be much "
@@ -1270,11 +1311,15 @@
"non-entertainment-style knowledge-type things, there's gotta be, you hear "
"people will still do the same amount of it because they love to do it or are "
"interested to do it, but I don't think that quite compensates for the "
-"compensation that many of those creators now receive. And so I was wondering "
-"if you would comment a little bit on how the free distribution world, which "
-"differs from the current world in that many of the current distribution "
-"regimes were created specifically only to compensate people, will differ in "
-"terms of compensating creators."
+"compensation that many of those creators now receive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And so I was wondering if you would comment a little bit on how the free "
+"distribution world, which differs from the current world in that many of the "
+"current distribution regimes were created specifically only to compensate "
+"people, will differ in terms of compensating creators."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1443,11 +1488,15 @@
"point then that the General Public License gives, with certain limits, and "
"that's why, you point out, nobody is really wanting to challenge it all that "
"much because it would be a Pyrrhic challenge. If you win and the license "
-"evaporates, then it rubber-bands back to the author. That seems so "
-"persuasive, and almost proves too much, doesn't it? Because, suppose another "
-"author writes software, writes for now with the author and chooses to "
-"license it under the Grand Old Party License, by which only Republicans may "
-"make derivative works, and other, what would otherwise be "
+"evaporates, then it rubber-bands back to the author."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That seems so persuasive, and almost proves too much, doesn't it? Because, "
+"suppose another author writes software, writes for now with the author and "
+"chooses to license it under the Grand Old Party License, by which only "
+"Republicans may make derivative works, and other, what would otherwise be "
"copyright-infringing uses of the software. One, do you think such a license "
"should be enforced by the courts? And two, couldn't you say the same logic "
"would apply, that nobody would dare to challenge it because half a loaf is "
Index: philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.fr.po 17 Aug 2012 20:09:20 -0000 1.22
+++ philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000 1.23
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: ms-doj-tunney.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-15 11:13+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <h2>
@@ -192,6 +193,50 @@
"système d'exploitation Windows, ainsi que les documentations associées."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The “sole purpose” requirement means that Defendant does not
+# | have to make any such API information available to developers of software
+# | whose purpose it is to make competing Intel-compatible PC operating
+# | systems. Only those who make programs that interoperate with Windows
+# | Operating Systems Products may receive such information. Under §
+# | III(I)(3), an applications developer who has received licensed information
+# | concerning Defendant's APIs could be prohibiting from sharing that
+# | information with a maker of a competing Intel-compatible PC operating
+# | system, for the purpose of interoperating with that competing product.
+# | Under §III(I)(2), if a potential competitor in the market for
+# | Intel-compatible PC operating systems also makes applications products, it
+# | can even be prohibited from using licensed information it receives in
+# | order to make those applications interoperate with Defendant's products
+# | also interoperate with its own competing operating system. [-What should
+# | be a provision requiring Defendant to share information with potential
+# | competitors in the monopolized market turns out, after Defendant's careful
+# | manipulation, to be a provision for sharing information
+# | “solely” with people other than competitors in the monopolized
+# | market. The same language has been inserted into §III(E), thus
+# | similarly perverting the intention of the Settlement with respect to
+# | Communications Protocols.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The “sole purpose” requirement means that Defendant does not "
+#| "have to make any such API information available to developers of software "
+#| "whose purpose it is to make competing Intel-compatible PC operating "
+#| "systems. Only those who make programs that interoperate with Windows "
+#| "Operating Systems Products may receive such information. Under § III"
+#| "(I)(3), an applications developer who has received licensed information "
+#| "concerning Defendant's APIs could be prohibiting from sharing that "
+#| "information with a maker of a competing Intel-compatible PC operating "
+#| "system, for the purpose of interoperating with that competing product. "
+#| "Under §III(I)(2), if a potential competitor in the market for Intel-"
+#| "compatible PC operating systems also makes applications products, it can "
+#| "even be prohibited from using licensed information it receives in order "
+#| "to make those applications interoperate with Defendant's products also "
+#| "interoperate with its own competing operating system. What should be a "
+#| "provision requiring Defendant to share information with potential "
+#| "competitors in the monopolized market turns out, after Defendant's "
+#| "careful manipulation, to be a provision for sharing information “"
+#| "solely” with people other than competitors in the monopolized "
+#| "market. The same language has been inserted into §III(E), thus "
+#| "similarly perverting the intention of the Settlement with respect to "
+#| "Communications Protocols."
msgid ""
"The “sole purpose” requirement means that Defendant does not "
"have to make any such API information available to developers of software "
@@ -206,13 +251,7 @@
"also makes applications products, it can even be prohibited from using "
"licensed information it receives in order to make those applications "
"interoperate with Defendant's products also interoperate with its own "
-"competing operating system. What should be a provision requiring Defendant "
-"to share information with potential competitors in the monopolized market "
-"turns out, after Defendant's careful manipulation, to be a provision for "
-"sharing information “solely” with people other than competitors "
-"in the monopolized market. The same language has been inserted into §III"
-"(E), thus similarly perverting the intention of the Settlement with respect "
-"to Communications Protocols."
+"competing operating system."
msgstr ""
"La condition de « seul but » signifie que le défendeur n'a pas à rendre
"
"disponibles de telles informations sur les API aux développeurs dont le but "
@@ -239,6 +278,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"What should be a provision requiring Defendant to share information with "
+"potential competitors in the monopolized market turns out, after Defendant's "
+"careful manipulation, to be a provision for sharing information “"
+"solely” with people other than competitors in the monopolized market. "
+"The same language has been inserted into §III(E), thus similarly "
+"perverting the intention of the Settlement with respect to Communications "
+"Protocols."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Defendant has not merely engaged in this undertaking with a goal to the "
"exclusion of potential future competitors from the monopolized market. In "
"the teeth of the evidence, long after having been proved to have behaved "
@@ -253,6 +303,48 @@
"qui lui est adressé d'exclure du marché son plus vigoureux concurrent."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Defendant's most significant present challenger in the Intel-compatible PC
+# | operating systems market is the collection of “free software,”
+# | which is free in the sense of freedom, not necessarily in price: thousands
+# | of programs written collaboratively by individuals and organizations
+# | throughout the world, and made available under license terms that allow
+# | everyone to freely use, copy, modify and redistribute all the program
+# | code. That free software, most of it licensed under the terms of the Free
+# | Software Foundation's GNU General Public License (“the GPL”)
+# | represents both an operating system, known as GNU, and an enormous corpus
+# | of applications programs that can run on almost all existing architectures
+# | of digital computers, including Intel-compatible PCs. [-Through one such
+# | free software component, an operating system “kernel” called
+# | Linux, written by thousands of individuals and distributed under the GPL,
+# | the GNU operating system can execute on Intel-compatible PC's, and by
+# | combining Linux with other free software, GNU can perform all the
+# | functions performed by Windows. Non-Microsoft Middleware can execute on
+# | Intel-compatible PCs equipped with components of GNU and Linux.
+# | Intel-compatible PCs so equipped currently account for more than 30% of
+# | the installed server base in the United States, according to independent
+# | industry obsevers.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Defendant's most significant present challenger in the Intel-compatible "
+#| "PC operating systems market is the collection of “free software,"
+#| "” which is free in the sense of freedom, not necessarily in price: "
+#| "thousands of programs written collaboratively by individuals and "
+#| "organizations throughout the world, and made available under license "
+#| "terms that allow everyone to freely use, copy, modify and redistribute "
+#| "all the program code. That free software, most of it licensed under the "
+#| "terms of the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public License "
+#| "(“the GPL”) represents both an operating system, known as "
+#| "GNU, and an enormous corpus of applications programs that can run on "
+#| "almost all existing architectures of digital computers, including Intel-"
+#| "compatible PCs. Through one such free software component, an operating "
+#| "system “kernel” called Linux, written by thousands of "
+#| "individuals and distributed under the GPL, the GNU operating system can "
+#| "execute on Intel-compatible PC's, and by combining Linux with other free "
+#| "software, GNU can perform all the functions performed by Windows. Non-"
+#| "Microsoft Middleware can execute on Intel-compatible PCs equipped with "
+#| "components of GNU and Linux. Intel-compatible PCs so equipped currently "
+#| "account for more than 30% of the installed server base in the United "
+#| "States, according to independent industry obsevers."
msgid ""
"Defendant's most significant present challenger in the Intel-compatible PC "
"operating systems market is the collection of “free software,” "
@@ -264,15 +356,83 @@
"Foundation's GNU General Public License (“the GPL”) represents "
"both an operating system, known as GNU, and an enormous corpus of "
"applications programs that can run on almost all existing architectures of "
-"digital computers, including Intel-compatible PCs. Through one such free "
-"software component, an operating system “kernel” called Linux, "
-"written by thousands of individuals and distributed under the GPL, the GNU "
-"operating system can execute on Intel-compatible PC's, and by combining "
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-"equipped with components of GNU and Linux. Intel-compatible PCs so equipped "
-"currently account for more than 30% of the installed server base in the "
-"United States, according to independent industry obsevers."
+"digital computers, including Intel-compatible PCs."
+msgstr ""
+"Le concurrent le plus significatif du défendeur sur le marché des systèmes
"
+"d'exploitation PC compatibles Intel est l'ensemble des « logiciels libresÂ
», "
+"libres au sens de la liberté, pas nécessairement du prix : des milliers de
"
+"programmes écrits de manière collaborative par des particuliers ou des "
+"organisations de par le monde et rendus disponibles sous des termes de "
+"licence qui autorisent quiconque à utiliser, copier, modifier et "
+"redistribuer tout le code du programme. Ces logiciels libres, dont la "
+"plupart sont sous la Licence publique générale (la GPL) de la <cite>Free "
+"Software Foundation</cite> représente à la fois un système d'exploitation,
"
+"connu sous le nom de GNU, et un énorme ensemble de programmes qui "
+"fonctionnent sur presque toutes les architectures d'ordinateurs numériques, "
+"y compris les PC compatibles Intel. Et grâce à l'un de ces logiciels
libres, "
+"un « noyau » de système d'exploitation appelé Linux, écrit par des
milliers "
+"de particuliers et distribué sous les termes de la GPL, le système "
+"d'exploitation GNU peut fonctionner sur les PC compatibles Intel, et en "
+"combinant Linux avec d'autres logiciels libres, GNU peut réaliser toutes les
"
+"fonctions réalisées par Windows. Des logiciels de couches intermédiaires
non "
+"Microsoft peuvent fonctionner sur des PC compatibles Intel équipés des "
+"composants de GNU et de Linux. Des PC compatibles Intel ainsi équipés "
+"représentent plus de 30% de la base de serveurs installée aux Ãtats-Unis "
+"selon des observateurs indépendants de cette industrie."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Defendant's most significant present challenger in the Intel-compatible
+# | PC operating systems market is the collection of “free
+# | software,” which is free in the sense of freedom, not necessarily in
+# | price: thousands of programs written collaboratively by individuals and
+# | organizations throughout the world, and made available under license terms
+# | that allow everyone to freely use, copy, modify and redistribute all the
+# | program code. That free software, most of it licensed under the terms of
+# | the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public License (“the
+# | GPL”) represents both an operating system, known as GNU, and an
+# | enormous corpus of applications programs that can run on almost all
+# | existing architectures of digital computers, including Intel-compatible
+# | PCs.-]Through one such free software component, an operating system
+# | “kernel” called Linux, written by thousands of individuals and
+# | distributed under the GPL, the GNU operating system can execute on
+# | Intel-compatible PC's, and by combining Linux with other free software,
+# | GNU can perform all the functions performed by Windows. Non-Microsoft
+# | Middleware can execute on Intel-compatible PCs equipped with components of
+# | GNU and Linux. Intel-compatible PCs so equipped currently account for
+# | more than 30% of the installed server base in the United States, according
+# | to independent industry obsevers.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Defendant's most significant present challenger in the Intel-compatible "
+#| "PC operating systems market is the collection of “free software,"
+#| "” which is free in the sense of freedom, not necessarily in price: "
+#| "thousands of programs written collaboratively by individuals and "
+#| "organizations throughout the world, and made available under license "
+#| "terms that allow everyone to freely use, copy, modify and redistribute "
+#| "all the program code. That free software, most of it licensed under the "
+#| "terms of the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public License "
+#| "(“the GPL”) represents both an operating system, known as "
+#| "GNU, and an enormous corpus of applications programs that can run on "
+#| "almost all existing architectures of digital computers, including Intel-"
+#| "compatible PCs. Through one such free software component, an operating "
+#| "system “kernel” called Linux, written by thousands of "
+#| "individuals and distributed under the GPL, the GNU operating system can "
+#| "execute on Intel-compatible PC's, and by combining Linux with other free "
+#| "software, GNU can perform all the functions performed by Windows. Non-"
+#| "Microsoft Middleware can execute on Intel-compatible PCs equipped with "
+#| "components of GNU and Linux. Intel-compatible PCs so equipped currently "
+#| "account for more than 30% of the installed server base in the United "
+#| "States, according to independent industry obsevers."
+msgid ""
+"Through one such free software component, an operating system “"
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+"distributed under the GPL, the GNU operating system can execute on Intel-"
+"compatible PC's, and by combining Linux with other free software, GNU can "
+"perform all the functions performed by Windows. Non-Microsoft Middleware can "
+"execute on Intel-compatible PCs equipped with components of GNU and Linux. "
+"Intel-compatible PCs so equipped currently account for more than 30% of the "
+"installed server base in the United States, according to independent "
+"industry obsevers."
msgstr ""
"Le concurrent le plus significatif du défendeur sur le marché des systèmes
"
"d'exploitation PC compatibles Intel est l'ensemble des « logiciels libresÂ
», "
@@ -387,6 +547,58 @@
"interopérer avec les systèmes d'exploitation Windows."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For the same reason, Defendant's attempt to continue denying the free
+# | software development community access to its APIs through the imposition
+# | of royalty requirements, in §III(I)(1), should be removed. As the
+# | District Court recognized, free software development means that everyone
+# | in the world has access, without payment of royalties or prohibition of
+# | redistribution, to the “source code” of the software. All APIs
+# | and other interfaces are fully available at all times to anyone who wants
+# | to interoperate with the existing programs. This, and the ability to reuse
+# | existing program code in new programs without payment of royalties or
+# | license fees, permits vast numbers of interoperable, high-quality programs
+# | to be written by a mixture of volunteers and professional project
+# | developers for free distribution. [-By authorizing Defendant to engage in
+# | non-reciprocity by charging royalties for the same information about its
+# | programs, thus purposefully ousting volunteer developers, and by
+# | prohibiting “sublicensing,” thus precluding profit-making
+# | developers from seeking interoperability with volunteers, the Settlement
+# | is craftily perverted into a mechanism whereby Defendant can continue to
+# | withhold API information so as to preclude the operations of potential
+# | competitors. The Settlement should be modified so that §III(I)(1)
+# | requires reciprocity, by precluding the imposition of royalties on
+# | developers who make their own APIs fully available without payment of
+# | royalties or license fees, and so that §III(I)(3) precludes
+# | limitation on sublicensing, and requires Defendant to release API
+# | information on terms reciprocal to those on which competitors make their
+# | own API information available.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For the same reason, Defendant's attempt to continue denying the free "
+#| "software development community access to its APIs through the imposition "
+#| "of royalty requirements, in §III(I)(1), should be removed. As the "
+#| "District Court recognized, free software development means that everyone "
+#| "in the world has access, without payment of royalties or prohibition of "
+#| "redistribution, to the “source code” of the software. All "
+#| "APIs and other interfaces are fully available at all times to anyone who "
+#| "wants to interoperate with the existing programs. This, and the ability "
+#| "to reuse existing program code in new programs without payment of "
+#| "royalties or license fees, permits vast numbers of interoperable, high-"
+#| "quality programs to be written by a mixture of volunteers and "
+#| "professional project developers for free distribution. By authorizing "
+#| "Defendant to engage in non-reciprocity by charging royalties for the same "
+#| "information about its programs, thus purposefully ousting volunteer "
+#| "developers, and by prohibiting “sublicensing,” thus "
+#| "precluding profit-making developers from seeking interoperability with "
+#| "volunteers, the Settlement is craftily perverted into a mechanism whereby "
+#| "Defendant can continue to withhold API information so as to preclude the "
+#| "operations of potential competitors. The Settlement should be modified so "
+#| "that §III(I)(1) requires reciprocity, by precluding the imposition "
+#| "of royalties on developers who make their own APIs fully available "
+#| "without payment of royalties or license fees, and so that §III(I)(3) "
+#| "precludes limitation on sublicensing, and requires Defendant to release "
+#| "API information on terms reciprocal to those on which competitors make "
+#| "their own API information available."
msgid ""
"For the same reason, Defendant's attempt to continue denying the free "
"software development community access to its APIs through the imposition of "
@@ -399,19 +611,103 @@
"existing program code in new programs without payment of royalties or "
"license fees, permits vast numbers of interoperable, high-quality programs "
"to be written by a mixture of volunteers and professional project developers "
-"for free distribution. By authorizing Defendant to engage in non-reciprocity "
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-"(I)(3) precludes limitation on sublicensing, and requires Defendant to "
-"release API information on terms reciprocal to those on which competitors "
-"make their own API information available."
+"for free distribution."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour la même raison, la tentative du défendeur de continuer à refuser Ã
la "
+"communauté de développement de logiciels libres l'accès à ses API par "
+"l'imposition de royalties, dans le §Â III(I)(1), devrait être
supprimée. "
+"Comme l'a reconnu la Cour de district, le développement de logiciels libres "
+"signifie que quiconque dans le monde a accès, sans paiement de royalties ni "
+"interdiction de redistribution, au « code source » du logiciel. Toutes
les "
+"API et autres interfaces sont totalement disponibles, tout le temps, pour "
+"quiconque veut interopérer avec les programmes existants. Cela, ainsi que la
"
+"possibilité de réutiliser le code du programme dans de nouveaux programmes "
+"sans paiement de royalties ni de droits de licence, permet l'écriture, par "
+"un mélange de bénévoles et de développeurs de projet professionnels, d'un
"
+"grand nombre de programmes de grande qualité et interopérables, destinés Ã
"
+"une distribution libre. En autorisant le défendeur à pratiquer la non-"
+"réciprocité en imposant des royalties pour les mêmes informations
concernant "
+"ses programmes, évinçant ainsi sciemment les développeurs bénévoles, et
en "
+"interdisant la « sous-licence », interdisant ainsi aux développeurs Ã
but "
+"lucratif de chercher l'interopérabilité avec des bénévoles, le règlement
"
+"judiciaire est ingénieusement perverti en un mécanisme par lequel le "
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+"d'interdire les opérations des concurrents potentiels. Le règlement "
+"judiciaire devrait être modifié pour que le §Â III(I)(1) requière la "
+"réciprocité, en interdisant l'imposition de royalties aux développeurs qui
"
+"rendent leurs propres API disponibles sans paiement de royalties ni de "
+"droits de licence, et aussi que le §Â III(I)(3) interdise la limitation "
+"sur les sous-licences et requière du défendeur de publier les informations "
+"sur les API sous des termes réciproques de ceux que ses concurrents "
+"utilisent pour leurs propres API."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-For the same reason, Defendant's attempt to continue denying the free
+# | software development community access to its APIs through the imposition
+# | of royalty requirements, in §III(I)(1), should be removed. As the
+# | District Court recognized, free software development means that everyone
+# | in the world has access, without payment of royalties or prohibition of
+# | redistribution, to the “source code” of the software. All APIs
+# | and other interfaces are fully available at all times to anyone who wants
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+# | existing program code in new programs without payment of royalties or
+# | license fees, permits vast numbers of interoperable, high-quality programs
+# | to be written by a mixture of volunteers and professional project
+# | developers for free distribution.-]By authorizing Defendant to engage in
+# | non-reciprocity by charging royalties for the same information about its
+# | programs, thus purposefully ousting volunteer developers, and by
+# | prohibiting “sublicensing,” thus precluding profit-making
+# | developers from seeking interoperability with volunteers, the Settlement
+# | is craftily perverted into a mechanism whereby Defendant can continue to
+# | withhold API information so as to preclude the operations of potential
+# | competitors. The Settlement should be modified so that §III(I)(1)
+# | requires reciprocity, by precluding the imposition of royalties on
+# | developers who make their own APIs fully available without payment of
+# | royalties or license fees, and so that §III(I)(3) precludes
+# | limitation on sublicensing, and requires Defendant to release API
+# | information on terms reciprocal to those on which competitors make their
+# | own API information available.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For the same reason, Defendant's attempt to continue denying the free "
+#| "software development community access to its APIs through the imposition "
+#| "of royalty requirements, in §III(I)(1), should be removed. As the "
+#| "District Court recognized, free software development means that everyone "
+#| "in the world has access, without payment of royalties or prohibition of "
+#| "redistribution, to the “source code” of the software. All "
+#| "APIs and other interfaces are fully available at all times to anyone who "
+#| "wants to interoperate with the existing programs. This, and the ability "
+#| "to reuse existing program code in new programs without payment of "
+#| "royalties or license fees, permits vast numbers of interoperable, high-"
+#| "quality programs to be written by a mixture of volunteers and "
+#| "professional project developers for free distribution. By authorizing "
+#| "Defendant to engage in non-reciprocity by charging royalties for the same "
+#| "information about its programs, thus purposefully ousting volunteer "
+#| "developers, and by prohibiting “sublicensing,” thus "
+#| "precluding profit-making developers from seeking interoperability with "
+#| "volunteers, the Settlement is craftily perverted into a mechanism whereby "
+#| "Defendant can continue to withhold API information so as to preclude the "
+#| "operations of potential competitors. The Settlement should be modified so "
+#| "that §III(I)(1) requires reciprocity, by precluding the imposition "
+#| "of royalties on developers who make their own APIs fully available "
+#| "without payment of royalties or license fees, and so that §III(I)(3) "
+#| "precludes limitation on sublicensing, and requires Defendant to release "
+#| "API information on terms reciprocal to those on which competitors make "
+#| "their own API information available."
+msgid ""
+"By authorizing Defendant to engage in non-reciprocity by charging royalties "
+"for the same information about its programs, thus purposefully ousting "
+"volunteer developers, and by prohibiting “sublicensing,” thus "
+"precluding profit-making developers from seeking interoperability with "
+"volunteers, the Settlement is craftily perverted into a mechanism whereby "
+"Defendant can continue to withhold API information so as to preclude the "
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+"payment of royalties or license fees, and so that §III(I)(3) precludes "
+"limitation on sublicensing, and requires Defendant to release API "
+"information on terms reciprocal to those on which competitors make their own "
+"API information available."
msgstr ""
"Pour la même raison, la tentative du défendeur de continuer à refuser Ã
la "
"communauté de développement de logiciels libres l'accès à ses API par "
@@ -456,64 +752,36 @@
"and authentication aspects of electronic commerce (including especially "
"“without limitation” keys and authorization tokens, which are "
"the basic building blocks of all electronic commerce systems) can be kept "
-"secret. At present, all such protocols and APIs are public, which is "
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-"C. 16(f)(1)—security is not attained in the computer communications "
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-"of electronic commerce, and then use its monopoly position to exclude the "
-"free software operating system from use of that de facto industry standard "
-"embodied in its new unpublicized APIs and Protocols. Defendant then goes "
-"further in § III(J)(2), according to itself the right to establish "
-"criteria of “business viability” without which it may deny "
-"access to APIs. Considering that its primary competition results from a "
-"development community led by non-profit organizations and relying heavily on "
-"non-commercial and volunteer developers, one can only conclude that "
-"Defendant is once again seeking the appearance of cooperation with the rule "
-"of law, while preparing by chicane to deny its injured competitors their "
-"just remedy."
-msgstr ""
-"Dans une clause supplémentaire, le défendeur a tenté de subvertir "
-"l'intention du règlement judiciaire afin d'interdire la concurrence "
-"effective d'un système d'exploitation libre compatible Intel. Sous le "
-"§Â III(J)(1), le défendeur peut refuser de dévoiler « des parties
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-"API ou de la documentation, ou des parties ou des couches des protocoles de "
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-"d'authentification du commerce électronique (y compris particulièrement "
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-"est approprié â  ainsi que l'attesteraient des experts en sécurité si,
comme "
-"elle le devrait, la Cour de district demandait un complément d'information "
-"selon le paragraphe 15 U.S.C. §Â 16(f)(1) â car la sécurité dans le
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-"domaine des communications informatiques ne s'obtient pas par l'usage de "
-"protocoles secrets mais plutôt par l'utilisation de protocoles "
-"scientifiquement référencés et totalement publics, dont la sécurité a
été "
-"totalement éprouvée dans les communautés de scientifiques et
d'ingénieurs. "
-"Si cette clause était appliquée telle quelle, le défendeur pourrait mettre
"
-"en Åuvre de nouveaux protocoles privés, étendre ou remplacer les
protocoles "
-"publics existants de commerce électronique et alors utiliser sa position de "
-"monopole pour empêcher les systèmes d'exploitation libres d'utiliser ce "
-"standard de fait de l'industrie incorporé dans ses nouveaux protocoles et "
-"API non publics. Le défendeur va alors plus loin dans le §Â III(J)(2), "
-"s'accordant à lui-même le droit d'établir les critères de « viabilité "
-"commerciale » sans lesquels il peut interdire l'accès aux API.
Considérant "
-"que sa première concurrence résulte d'une communauté de développement
menée "
-"par des organisations à but non lucratif et reposant fortement sur des "
-"développeurs non commerciaux et bénévoles, on ne peut que conclure que le "
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-"avec la loi, tout en se préparant à duper ses concurrents lésés en les "
-"privant de leur juste réparation."
+"secret."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At present, all such protocols and APIs are public, which is appropriate "
+"because—as computer security experts would testify if, as it should, "
+"the District Court seeks evidentiary supplementation under 15 U.S.C. 16(f)"
+"(1)—security is not attained in the computer communications field by "
+"the use of secret protocols, but rather by the use of scientifically-"
+"refereed and fully public protocols, whose security has been tested by full "
+"exposure in the scientific and engineering communities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If this provision were enforced as currently drafted, Defendant could "
+"implement new private protocols, extending or replacing the existing public "
+"protocols of electronic commerce, and then use its monopoly position to "
+"exclude the free software operating system from use of that de facto "
+"industry standard embodied in its new unpublicized APIs and Protocols. "
+"Defendant then goes further in § III(J)(2), according to itself the "
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+"results from a development community led by non-profit organizations and "
+"relying heavily on non-commercial and volunteer developers, one can only "
+"conclude that Defendant is once again seeking the appearance of cooperation "
+"with the rule of law, while preparing by chicane to deny its injured "
+"competitors their just remedy."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -621,3 +889,79 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "In one additional provision Defendant has attempted to subvert the "
+#~ "intention of the Settlement in order to preclude effective competition by "
+#~ "the Intel-compatible free software operating system. Under § III(J)"
+#~ "(1), Defendant may refuse to disclose “portions of APIs or "
+#~ "Documentation or portions or layers of Communications Protocols the "
+#~ "disclosure of which would compromise the security of anti-piracy, anti-"
+#~ "virus, software licensing, digital rights management, encryption or "
+#~ "authentication systems, including without limitation, keys, authorization "
+#~ "tokens or enforcement criteria.” This provision is so indefinite "
+#~ "that Defendant can be expected to argue that all APIs and Communications "
+#~ "Protocols connected with the security and authentication aspects of "
+#~ "electronic commerce (including especially “without "
+#~ "limitation” keys and authorization tokens, which are the basic "
+#~ "building blocks of all electronic commerce systems) can be kept secret. "
+#~ "At present, all such protocols and APIs are public, which is appropriate "
+#~ "because—as computer security experts would testify if, as it "
+#~ "should, the District Court seeks evidentiary supplementation under 15 U.S."
+#~ "C. 16(f)(1)—security is not attained in the computer "
+#~ "communications field by the use of secret protocols, but rather by the "
+#~ "use of scientifically-refereed and fully public protocols, whose security "
+#~ "has been tested by full exposure in the scientific and engineering "
+#~ "communities. If this provision were enforced as currently drafted, "
+#~ "Defendant could implement new private protocols, extending or replacing "
+#~ "the existing public protocols of electronic commerce, and then use its "
+#~ "monopoly position to exclude the free software operating system from use "
+#~ "of that de facto industry standard embodied in its new unpublicized APIs "
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+#~ "according to itself the right to establish criteria of “business "
+#~ "viability” without which it may deny access to APIs. Considering "
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+#~ "volunteer developers, one can only conclude that Defendant is once again "
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+#~ "preparing by chicane to deny its injured competitors their just remedy."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dans une clause supplémentaire, le défendeur a tenté de subvertir "
+#~ "l'intention du règlement judiciaire afin d'interdire la concurrence "
+#~ "effective d'un système d'exploitation libre compatible Intel. Sous le "
+#~ "§Â III(J)(1), le défendeur peut refuser de dévoiler « des parties
des "
+#~ "API ou de la documentation, ou des parties ou des couches des protocoles "
+#~ "de communications dont la publication compromettrait la sécurité des "
+#~ "systèmes anti-piratage, anti-virus, d'attribution de licence de logiciel,
"
+#~ "de gestion numérique des droits, de chiffrement ou d'authentification, y "
+#~ "compris et sans s'y limiter, les clés, les jetons d'autorisation <cite>"
+#~ "[tokens]</cite> ou les critères d'application. » Cette clause est si "
+#~ "vague que l'on peut s'attendre à ce que le défendeur avance que toutes "
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+#~ "électronique) peuvent être gardés secrets. Actuellement, de tels "
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+#~ "Cour de district demandait un complément d'information selon le "
+#~ "paragraphe 15 U.S.C. §Â 16(f)(1) â car la sécurité dans le
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+#~ "scientifiquement référencés et totalement publics, dont la sécurité a
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+#~ "d'ingénieurs. Si cette clause était appliquée telle quelle, le
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+#~ "pourrait mettre en Åuvre de nouveaux protocoles privés, étendre ou "
+#~ "remplacer les protocoles publics existants de commerce électronique et "
+#~ "alors utiliser sa position de monopole pour empêcher les systèmes "
+#~ "d'exploitation libres d'utiliser ce standard de fait de l'industrie "
+#~ "incorporé dans ses nouveaux protocoles et API non publics. Le défendeur "
+#~ "va alors plus loin dans le §Â III(J)(2), s'accordant à lui-même le "
+#~ "droit d'établir les critères de « viabilité commerciale » sans
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+#~ "il peut interdire l'accès aux API. Considérant que sa première "
+#~ "concurrence résulte d'une communauté de développement menée par des "
+#~ "organisations à but non lucratif et reposant fortement sur des "
+#~ "développeurs non commerciaux et bénévoles, on ne peut que conclure que
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+#~ "avec la loi, tout en se préparant à duper ses concurrents lésés en les
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+#~ "privant de leur juste réparation."
Index: philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:29 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/po/ms-doj-tunney.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000 1.10
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: ms-doj-tunney.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -145,13 +145,18 @@
"Intel-compatible PC operating systems also makes applications products, it "
"can even be prohibited from using licensed information it receives in order "
"to make those applications interoperate with Defendant's products also "
-"interoperate with its own competing operating system. What should be a "
-"provision requiring Defendant to share information with potential "
-"competitors in the monopolized market turns out, after Defendant's careful "
-"manipulation, to be a provision for sharing information “solely” "
-"with people other than competitors in the monopolized market. The same "
-"language has been inserted into §III(E), thus similarly perverting the "
-"intention of the Settlement with respect to Communications Protocols."
+"interoperate with its own competing operating system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What should be a provision requiring Defendant to share information with "
+"potential competitors in the monopolized market turns out, after Defendant's "
+"careful manipulation, to be a provision for sharing information "
+"“solely” with people other than competitors in the monopolized "
+"market. The same language has been inserted into §III(E), thus "
+"similarly perverting the intention of the Settlement with respect to "
+"Communications Protocols."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -176,15 +181,20 @@
"Software Foundation's GNU General Public License (“the GPL”) "
"represents both an operating system, known as GNU, and an enormous corpus of "
"applications programs that can run on almost all existing architectures of "
-"digital computers, including Intel-compatible PCs. Through one such free "
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-"by Windows. Non-Microsoft Middleware can execute on Intel-compatible PCs "
-"equipped with components of GNU and Linux. Intel-compatible PCs so equipped "
-"currently account for more than 30% of the installed server base in the "
-"United States, according to independent industry obsevers."
+"digital computers, including Intel-compatible PCs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Through one such free software component, an operating system "
+"“kernel” called Linux, written by thousands of individuals and "
+"distributed under the GPL, the GNU operating system can execute on "
+"Intel-compatible PC's, and by combining Linux with other free software, GNU "
+"can perform all the functions performed by Windows. Non-Microsoft Middleware "
+"can execute on Intel-compatible PCs equipped with components of GNU and "
+"Linux. Intel-compatible PCs so equipped currently account for more than 30% "
+"of the installed server base in the United States, according to independent "
+"industry obsevers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -249,19 +259,24 @@
"existing program code in new programs without payment of royalties or "
"license fees, permits vast numbers of interoperable, high-quality programs "
"to be written by a mixture of volunteers and professional project developers "
-"for free distribution. By authorizing Defendant to engage in non-reciprocity "
-"by charging royalties for the same information about its programs, thus "
-"purposefully ousting volunteer developers, and by prohibiting "
-"“sublicensing,” thus precluding profit-making developers from "
-"seeking interoperability with volunteers, the Settlement is craftily "
-"perverted into a mechanism whereby Defendant can continue to withhold API "
-"information so as to preclude the operations of potential competitors. The "
-"Settlement should be modified so that §III(I)(1) requires reciprocity, "
-"by precluding the imposition of royalties on developers who make their own "
-"APIs fully available without payment of royalties or license fees, and so "
-"that §III(I)(3) precludes limitation on sublicensing, and requires "
-"Defendant to release API information on terms reciprocal to those on which "
-"competitors make their own API information available."
+"for free distribution."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By authorizing Defendant to engage in non-reciprocity by charging royalties "
+"for the same information about its programs, thus purposefully ousting "
+"volunteer developers, and by prohibiting “sublicensing,” thus "
+"precluding profit-making developers from seeking interoperability with "
+"volunteers, the Settlement is craftily perverted into a mechanism whereby "
+"Defendant can continue to withhold API information so as to preclude the "
+"operations of potential competitors. The Settlement should be modified so "
+"that §III(I)(1) requires reciprocity, by precluding the imposition of "
+"royalties on developers who make their own APIs fully available without "
+"payment of royalties or license fees, and so that §III(I)(3) precludes "
+"limitation on sublicensing, and requires Defendant to release API "
+"information on terms reciprocal to those on which competitors make their own "
+"API information available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -279,17 +294,26 @@
"the security and authentication aspects of electronic commerce (including "
"especially “without limitation” keys and authorization tokens, "
"which are the basic building blocks of all electronic commerce systems) can "
-"be kept secret. At present, all such protocols and APIs are public, which is "
-"appropriate because—as computer security experts would testify if, as "
-"it should, the District Court seeks evidentiary supplementation under 15 "
-"U.S.C. 16(f)(1)—security is not attained in the computer "
-"communications field by the use of secret protocols, but rather by the use "
-"of scientifically-refereed and fully public protocols, whose security has "
-"been tested by full exposure in the scientific and engineering "
-"communities. If this provision were enforced as currently drafted, Defendant "
-"could implement new private protocols, extending or replacing the existing "
-"public protocols of electronic commerce, and then use its monopoly position "
-"to exclude the free software operating system from use of that de facto "
+"be kept secret."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At present, all such protocols and APIs are public, which is appropriate "
+"because—as computer security experts would testify if, as it should, "
+"the District Court seeks evidentiary supplementation under 15 U.S.C. "
+"16(f)(1)—security is not attained in the computer communications field "
+"by the use of secret protocols, but rather by the use of "
+"scientifically-refereed and fully public protocols, whose security has been "
+"tested by full exposure in the scientific and engineering communities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If this provision were enforced as currently drafted, Defendant could "
+"implement new private protocols, extending or replacing the existing public "
+"protocols of electronic commerce, and then use its monopoly position to "
+"exclude the free software operating system from use of that de facto "
"industry standard embodied in its new unpublicized APIs and Protocols. "
"Defendant then goes further in § III(J)(2), according to itself the "
"right to establish criteria of “business viability” without "
Index: philosophy/po/nit-india.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- philosophy/po/nit-india.fr.po 16 Sep 2012 07:22:25 -0000 1.24
+++ philosophy/po/nit-india.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000 1.25
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: nit-india.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-12 22:18+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -394,6 +395,42 @@
"et Linux dans une certaine mesure."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But it also contains non-free software. And it is designed to spy on you,
+# | and report what you watch. I am told there are many other programs that
+# | are spy-ware. Then there are programs that do other nasty things to you.
+# | For instance there are programs that reconfigure your computer, so for
+# | instance that it will display ads for you all the time, and they don't
+# | tell you install this program and it will display these ads. They figure
+# | that most of the users won't notice, they won't will be able to figure
+# | out. They figure you will install several programs and you won't know
+# | which one changed your computer's configuration. Or that you won't know
+# | how to undo it. [-Of course, if it were free software this could be fixed.
+# | I will get to that in a minute. But sometimes they get even worse.
+# | Sometimes programs have features designed to stop you from doing things.
+# | Software developers like to talk about how their programs could do things
+# | for you. But sometimes they design programs that will refuse to do things
+# | for you. This is often called DRM — Digital Restrictions Management.
+# | Where programs are designed to refuse to access files for you, to refuse
+# | to let you save files, or copy files or convert files.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But it also contains non-free software. And it is designed to spy on you, "
+#| "and report what you watch. I am told there are many other programs that "
+#| "are spy-ware. Then there are programs that do other nasty things to you. "
+#| "For instance there are programs that reconfigure your computer, so for "
+#| "instance that it will display ads for you all the time, and they don't "
+#| "tell you install this program and it will display these ads. They figure "
+#| "that most of the users won't notice, they won't will be able to figure "
+#| "out. They figure you will install several programs and you won't know "
+#| "which one changed your computer's configuration. Or that you won't know "
+#| "how to undo it. Of course, if it were free software this could be fixed. "
+#| "I will get to that in a minute. But sometimes they get even worse. "
+#| "Sometimes programs have features designed to stop you from doing things. "
+#| "Software developers like to talk about how their programs could do things "
+#| "for you. But sometimes they design programs that will refuse to do things "
+#| "for you. This is often called DRM — Digital Restrictions "
+#| "Management. Where programs are designed to refuse to access files for "
+#| "you, to refuse to let you save files, or copy files or convert files."
msgid ""
"But it also contains non-free software. And it is designed to spy on you, "
"and report what you watch. I am told there are many other programs that are "
@@ -403,13 +440,74 @@
"install this program and it will display these ads. They figure that most of "
"the users won't notice, they won't will be able to figure out. They figure "
"you will install several programs and you won't know which one changed your "
-"computer's configuration. Or that you won't know how to undo it. Of course, "
-"if it were free software this could be fixed. I will get to that in a "
-"minute. But sometimes they get even worse. Sometimes programs have features "
-"designed to stop you from doing things. Software developers like to talk "
-"about how their programs could do things for you. But sometimes they design "
-"programs that will refuse to do things for you. This is often called DRM "
-"— Digital Restrictions Management. Where programs are designed to "
+"computer's configuration. Or that you won't know how to undo it."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais il contient également du logiciel non libre. Et il est conçu pour vous
"
+"espionner et rapporter ce que vous regardez. On m'a dit qu'il y a beaucoup "
+"d'autres programmes qui sont des « espiogiciels » <cite>[spyware]</cite>.
"
+"Ensuite, il existe des programmes qui font d'autres choses déplaisantes. Par
"
+"exemple il y a des programmes qui reconfigurent votre ordinateur, qui par "
+"exemple vous afficheront des publicités tout le temps. Et ils ne vous disent
"
+"pas qu'ils installent ce programme qui affichera ces publicités. Ils pensent
"
+"que la plupart des utilisateurs ne vont pas le remarquer, qu'ils ne seront "
+"pas capables de le comprendre. Ils supposent que vous installerez plusieurs "
+"programmes sans savoir lesquels auront changé la configuration de votre "
+"ordinateur, ou que vous ne saurez pas comment les enlever. Naturellement, si "
+"c'était du logiciel libre ça pourrait s'arranger â j'y reviendrai dans
un "
+"instant. Mais parfois c'est pire. Parfois les programmes présentent des "
+"dispositifs conçus pour vous empêcher de faire certaines choses. Les "
+"développeurs de logiciel aiment parler de la façon dont leurs programmes "
+"pourraient faire des choses pour vous, mais parfois ils conçoivent des "
+"programmes qui vous empêchent de faire certaines choses. Ceci est souvent "
+"appelé <abbr title=\"Digital Restrictions Management\">DRM</abbr> (gestion "
+"numérique des restrictions) ; ces programmes sont conçus pour vous refuser
"
+"l'accès à des fichiers, pour refuser de vous laisser les enregistrer, ou
les "
+"copier, ou les convertir."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-But it also contains non-free software. And it is designed to spy on
+# | you, and report what you watch. I am told there are many other programs
+# | that are spy-ware. Then there are programs that do other nasty things to
+# | you. For instance there are programs that reconfigure your computer, so
+# | for instance that it will display ads for you all the time, and they don't
+# | tell you install this program and it will display these ads. They figure
+# | that most of the users won't notice, they won't will be able to figure
+# | out. They figure you will install several programs and you won't know
+# | which one changed your computer's configuration. Or that you won't know
+# | how to undo it.-]Of course, if it were free software this could be fixed.
+# | I will get to that in a minute. But sometimes they get even worse.
+# | Sometimes programs have features designed to stop you from doing things.
+# | Software developers like to talk about how their programs could do things
+# | for you. But sometimes they design programs that will refuse to do things
+# | for you. This is often called DRM — Digital Restrictions Management.
+# | Where programs are designed to refuse to access files for you, to refuse
+# | to let you save files, or copy files or convert files.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But it also contains non-free software. And it is designed to spy on you, "
+#| "and report what you watch. I am told there are many other programs that "
+#| "are spy-ware. Then there are programs that do other nasty things to you. "
+#| "For instance there are programs that reconfigure your computer, so for "
+#| "instance that it will display ads for you all the time, and they don't "
+#| "tell you install this program and it will display these ads. They figure "
+#| "that most of the users won't notice, they won't will be able to figure "
+#| "out. They figure you will install several programs and you won't know "
+#| "which one changed your computer's configuration. Or that you won't know "
+#| "how to undo it. Of course, if it were free software this could be fixed. "
+#| "I will get to that in a minute. But sometimes they get even worse. "
+#| "Sometimes programs have features designed to stop you from doing things. "
+#| "Software developers like to talk about how their programs could do things "
+#| "for you. But sometimes they design programs that will refuse to do things "
+#| "for you. This is often called DRM — Digital Restrictions "
+#| "Management. Where programs are designed to refuse to access files for "
+#| "you, to refuse to let you save files, or copy files or convert files."
+msgid ""
+"Of course, if it were free software this could be fixed. I will get to that "
+"in a minute. But sometimes they get even worse. Sometimes programs have "
+"features designed to stop you from doing things. Software developers like to "
+"talk about how their programs could do things for you. But sometimes they "
+"design programs that will refuse to do things for you. This is often called "
+"DRM — Digital Restrictions Management. Where programs are designed to "
"refuse to access files for you, to refuse to let you save files, or copy "
"files or convert files."
msgstr ""
@@ -475,6 +573,48 @@
"« Le programme fait ça. » Vous pouvez le croire, ou non."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Of course, not all developers of non-free software are putting malicious
+# | features. Some really are sincerely doing their best to put in features to
+# | please the user. But, they are all human, and they all mistakes. These
+# | mistakes are called bugs. Well, we free software developers are also
+# | human, and we also make mistakes. Our programs have bugs too. The
+# | difference is, when you have freedom you can study the source code and you
+# | can find whatever is bad in the program, whether it is a deliberate
+# | malicious feature or an accident. Either way you can find it, and then you
+# | can fix the program to get rid of it. You can make the program better.
+# | With non-free software you are just helpless. But with free software you
+# | have power over your computer. You are in control. [-But freedom one is
+# | not enough. Freedom one is the freedom, to personally study the source
+# | code and then change it to do what you want. That is the freedom to help
+# | yourself. But freedom one is not enough, because first of all there are
+# | millions of people who use computers but do not know how to program.
+# | Freedom one is not enough for them. They don't how to personally study the
+# | source code and change it to do what they want. But even for us
+# | programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there are so many programs.
+# | Nobody has time to study them all, and master them all, to be able to make
+# | changes in each one of them.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Of course, not all developers of non-free software are putting malicious "
+#| "features. Some really are sincerely doing their best to put in features "
+#| "to please the user. But, they are all human, and they all mistakes. These "
+#| "mistakes are called bugs. Well, we free software developers are also "
+#| "human, and we also make mistakes. Our programs have bugs too. The "
+#| "difference is, when you have freedom you can study the source code and "
+#| "you can find whatever is bad in the program, whether it is a deliberate "
+#| "malicious feature or an accident. Either way you can find it, and then "
+#| "you can fix the program to get rid of it. You can make the program "
+#| "better. With non-free software you are just helpless. But with free "
+#| "software you have power over your computer. You are in control. But "
+#| "freedom one is not enough. Freedom one is the freedom, to personally "
+#| "study the source code and then change it to do what you want. That is the "
+#| "freedom to help yourself. But freedom one is not enough, because first of "
+#| "all there are millions of people who use computers but do not know how to "
+#| "program. Freedom one is not enough for them. They don't how to personally "
+#| "study the source code and change it to do what they want. But even for us "
+#| "programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there are so many "
+#| "programs. Nobody has time to study them all, and master them all, to be "
+#| "able to make changes in each one of them."
msgid ""
"Of course, not all developers of non-free software are putting malicious "
"features. Some really are sincerely doing their best to put in features to "
@@ -486,15 +626,85 @@
"or an accident. Either way you can find it, and then you can fix the program "
"to get rid of it. You can make the program better. With non-free software "
"you are just helpless. But with free software you have power over your "
-"computer. You are in control. But freedom one is not enough. Freedom one is "
-"the freedom, to personally study the source code and then change it to do "
-"what you want. That is the freedom to help yourself. But freedom one is not "
-"enough, because first of all there are millions of people who use computers "
-"but do not know how to program. Freedom one is not enough for them. They "
-"don't how to personally study the source code and change it to do what they "
-"want. But even for us programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there "
-"are so many programs. Nobody has time to study them all, and master them "
-"all, to be able to make changes in each one of them."
+"computer. You are in control."
+msgstr ""
+"Naturellement, tous les développeurs de logiciel non libre n'y mettent pas "
+"de dispositifs malveillants. Certains font vraiment sincèrement leur "
+"possible pour mettre des fonctionnalités qui satisferont l'utilisateur. Mais
"
+"ils sont tous humains et ils font tous des erreurs. Ces erreurs s'appellent "
+"des bogues. Bon, nous les développeurs de logiciels libres, nous sommes "
+"également humains et nous faisons aussi des erreurs. Nos programmes "
+"présentent aussi des bogues. La différence, c'est que si vous avez la "
+"liberté d'étudier le code source, vous pouvez trouver tout ce qui ne va pas
"
+"dans le programme, notamment si c'est un dispositif malveillant délibéré
ou "
+"un accident. Dans les deux cas vous pouvez le trouver et arranger le "
+"programme pour vous en débarrasser. Vous pouvez améliorer le programme.
Avec "
+"du logiciel non libre vous êtes complètement impuissant, mais avec du "
+"logiciel libre vous avez le pouvoir sur votre ordinateur ; vous le "
+"contrôlez. Mais la liberté 1 n'est pas suffisante â c'est la liberté "
+"d'étudier personnellement le code source et ensuite de le modifier pour "
+"faire ce que vous voulez, c'est la liberté de vous aider vous-même.
Pourtant "
+"la liberté 1 n'est pas suffisante. Non seulement elle ne suffit pas aux "
+"millions de personnes qui utilisent des ordinateurs sans savoir programmer "
+"(ils ne savent pas comment étudier personnellement le code source et le "
+"modifier pour faire ce qu'ils veulent), mais elle n'est pas suffisante non "
+"plus pour nous, les programmeurs, parce qu'il y a tellement de programmes "
+"que personne n'a le temps de les étudier tous, de tous les maîtriser, pour "
+"pouvoir opérer des changements sur chacun d'eux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Of course, not all developers of non-free software are putting malicious
+# | features. Some really are sincerely doing their best to put in features to
+# | please the user. But, they are all human, and they all mistakes. These
+# | mistakes are called bugs. Well, we free software developers are also
+# | human, and we also make mistakes. Our programs have bugs too. The
+# | difference is, when you have freedom you can study the source code and you
+# | can find whatever is bad in the program, whether it is a deliberate
+# | malicious feature or an accident. Either way you can find it, and then you
+# | can fix the program to get rid of it. You can make the program better.
+# | With non-free software you are just helpless. But with free software you
+# | have power over your computer. You are in control.-]But freedom one is not
+# | enough. Freedom one is the freedom, to personally study the source code
+# | and then change it to do what you want. That is the freedom to help
+# | yourself. But freedom one is not enough, because first of all there are
+# | millions of people who use computers but do not know how to program.
+# | Freedom one is not enough for them. They don't how to personally study the
+# | source code and change it to do what they want. But even for us
+# | programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there are so many programs.
+# | Nobody has time to study them all, and master them all, to be able to make
+# | changes in each one of them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Of course, not all developers of non-free software are putting malicious "
+#| "features. Some really are sincerely doing their best to put in features "
+#| "to please the user. But, they are all human, and they all mistakes. These "
+#| "mistakes are called bugs. Well, we free software developers are also "
+#| "human, and we also make mistakes. Our programs have bugs too. The "
+#| "difference is, when you have freedom you can study the source code and "
+#| "you can find whatever is bad in the program, whether it is a deliberate "
+#| "malicious feature or an accident. Either way you can find it, and then "
+#| "you can fix the program to get rid of it. You can make the program "
+#| "better. With non-free software you are just helpless. But with free "
+#| "software you have power over your computer. You are in control. But "
+#| "freedom one is not enough. Freedom one is the freedom, to personally "
+#| "study the source code and then change it to do what you want. That is the "
+#| "freedom to help yourself. But freedom one is not enough, because first of "
+#| "all there are millions of people who use computers but do not know how to "
+#| "program. Freedom one is not enough for them. They don't how to personally "
+#| "study the source code and change it to do what they want. But even for us "
+#| "programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there are so many "
+#| "programs. Nobody has time to study them all, and master them all, to be "
+#| "able to make changes in each one of them."
+msgid ""
+"But freedom one is not enough. Freedom one is the freedom, to personally "
+"study the source code and then change it to do what you want. That is the "
+"freedom to help yourself. But freedom one is not enough, because first of "
+"all there are millions of people who use computers but do not know how to "
+"program. Freedom one is not enough for them. They don't how to personally "
+"study the source code and change it to do what they want. But even for us "
+"programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there are so many programs. "
+"Nobody has time to study them all, and master them all, to be able to make "
+"changes in each one of them."
msgstr ""
"Naturellement, tous les développeurs de logiciel non libre n'y mettent pas "
"de dispositifs malveillants. Certains font vraiment sincèrement leur "
@@ -707,6 +917,44 @@
"humains."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So what does it mean when powerful social institutions start saying
+# | sharing with your neighbor is wrong, they are discouraging people from
+# | helping each other reducing the level of cooperation. They are poisoning
+# | this essential resource. What does it mean when they say if you help your
+# | neighbor you are a pirate. They are saying that to share with your
+# | neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship. That morality is
+# | upside down, because attacking ships are really really bad but helping
+# | your neighbor is good and must be encouraged and what does it mean when
+# | the start making harsh punishments for people who share with their
+# | neighbors. How much fear is it going to take before people are too scared
+# | to help their neighbors. [-Do you want to be living in a society filled
+# | with this level of terror. The only … for what they are doing is
+# | terror campaign. In 2 countries so far in Argentina and then in Germany,
+# | these companies, the developers of non-free software have sent public
+# | threats, threatening people would be raped in prison for using
+# | unauthorized copies of software. The only thing you can call it when
+# | people are threatening others will rape is a terror campaign and we should
+# | put and end to this terrorism, right away.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So what does it mean when powerful social institutions start saying "
+#| "sharing with your neighbor is wrong, they are discouraging people from "
+#| "helping each other reducing the level of cooperation. They are poisoning "
+#| "this essential resource. What does it mean when they say if you help your "
+#| "neighbor you are a pirate. They are saying that to share with your "
+#| "neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship. That morality is "
+#| "upside down, because attacking ships are really really bad but helping "
+#| "your neighbor is good and must be encouraged and what does it mean when "
+#| "the start making harsh punishments for people who share with their "
+#| "neighbors. How much fear is it going to take before people are too scared "
+#| "to help their neighbors. Do you want to be living in a society filled "
+#| "with this level of terror. The only … for what they are doing is "
+#| "terror campaign. In 2 countries so far in Argentina and then in Germany, "
+#| "these companies, the developers of non-free software have sent public "
+#| "threats, threatening people would be raped in prison for using "
+#| "unauthorized copies of software. The only thing you can call it when "
+#| "people are threatening others will rape is a terror campaign and we "
+#| "should put and end to this terrorism, right away."
msgid ""
"So what does it mean when powerful social institutions start saying sharing "
"with your neighbor is wrong, they are discouraging people from helping each "
@@ -717,14 +965,7 @@
"attacking ships are really really bad but helping your neighbor is good and "
"must be encouraged and what does it mean when the start making harsh "
"punishments for people who share with their neighbors. How much fear is it "
-"going to take before people are too scared to help their neighbors. Do you "
-"want to be living in a society filled with this level of terror. The only "
-"… for what they are doing is terror campaign. In 2 countries so far "
-"in Argentina and then in Germany, these companies, the developers of non-"
-"free software have sent public threats, threatening people would be raped in "
-"prison for using unauthorized copies of software. The only thing you can "
-"call it when people are threatening others will rape is a terror campaign "
-"and we should put and end to this terrorism, right away."
+"going to take before people are too scared to help their neighbors."
msgstr ""
"Qu'est-ce que ça signifie quand de puissantes institutions de la société
se "
"mettent à dire que le partage avec votre voisin est mauvais ? Elles "
@@ -748,6 +989,53 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"Do you want to be living in a society filled with this level of terror. The "
+"only … for what they are doing is terror campaign. In 2 countries so "
+"far in Argentina and then in Germany, these companies, the developers of non-"
+"free software have sent public threats, threatening people would be raped in "
+"prison for using unauthorized copies of software. The only thing you can "
+"call it when people are threatening others will rape is a terror campaign "
+"and we should put and end to this terrorism, right away."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Now, why did I say that freedom two, the freedom to help your neighbor is
+# | necessary to live an upright life. Because if you agree to license for a
+# | non-free program, you have partly participated in the evil. You have put
+# | yourself in a bad moral situation. By using a program that does not give
+# | you freedom two, the freedom to help your neighbor, you have put yourself
+# | in a moral dilemma, potentially. It may never happen, but as soon as
+# | somebody comes to you and says, could I have a copy of this program. You
+# | are now in a moral dilemma, where you have to choose between two evils.
+# | One evil is make a copy help your neighbor, but you violate the license,
+# | the other evil is you follow the license but you are a bad neighbor.
+# | [-They are both wrong, so you have to choose the lesser evil, the lesser
+# | evil in my opinion is to share with your neighbor and violate the license.
+# | Because your neigh deserves… presuming this person had done nothing
+# | wrong, hasn't mistreated you, then he deserves your cooperation. Where as,
+# | who ever tried to divide you from your neighbors is doing something very
+# | very wrong and doesn't deserve your cooperation, so if you got to do
+# | something wrong, you got to do it to somebody who deserves it.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, why did I say that freedom two, the freedom to help your neighbor is "
+#| "necessary to live an upright life. Because if you agree to license for a "
+#| "non-free program, you have partly participated in the evil. You have put "
+#| "yourself in a bad moral situation. By using a program that does not give "
+#| "you freedom two, the freedom to help your neighbor, you have put yourself "
+#| "in a moral dilemma, potentially. It may never happen, but as soon as "
+#| "somebody comes to you and says, could I have a copy of this program. You "
+#| "are now in a moral dilemma, where you have to choose between two evils. "
+#| "One evil is make a copy help your neighbor, but you violate the license, "
+#| "the other evil is you follow the license but you are a bad neighbor. They "
+#| "are both wrong, so you have to choose the lesser evil, the lesser evil in "
+#| "my opinion is to share with your neighbor and violate the license. "
+#| "Because your neigh deserves… presuming this person had done "
+#| "nothing wrong, hasn't mistreated you, then he deserves your cooperation. "
+#| "Where as, who ever tried to divide you from your neighbors is doing "
+#| "something very very wrong and doesn't deserve your cooperation, so if you "
+#| "got to do something wrong, you got to do it to somebody who deserves it."
+msgid ""
"Now, why did I say that freedom two, the freedom to help your neighbor is "
"necessary to live an upright life. Because if you agree to license for a non-"
"free program, you have partly participated in the evil. You have put "
@@ -757,14 +1045,7 @@
"comes to you and says, could I have a copy of this program. You are now in a "
"moral dilemma, where you have to choose between two evils. One evil is make "
"a copy help your neighbor, but you violate the license, the other evil is "
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-"to divide you from your neighbors is doing something very very wrong and "
-"doesn't deserve your cooperation, so if you got to do something wrong, you "
-"got to do it to somebody who deserves it."
+"you follow the license but you are a bad neighbor."
msgstr ""
"Pourquoi ai-je dit que la liberté 2, la liberté d'aider votre voisin, est "
"nécessaire pour vivre une vie honnête ? Parce que si vous acceptez une "
@@ -788,6 +1069,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"They are both wrong, so you have to choose the lesser evil, the lesser evil "
+"in my opinion is to share with your neighbor and violate the license. "
+"Because your neigh deserves… presuming this person had done nothing "
+"wrong, hasn't mistreated you, then he deserves your cooperation. Where as, "
+"who ever tried to divide you from your neighbors is doing something very "
+"very wrong and doesn't deserve your cooperation, so if you got to do "
+"something wrong, you got to do it to somebody who deserves it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"However, once you recognize this, once you realize, that using this non free "
"program means you are liable to end up with a choice between two evils, what "
"you should really do is to refuse to get into that situation, by refusing to "
@@ -884,88 +1176,53 @@
"very much for a copy. They might pay a certain amount you know if the price "
"is small enough, if it is easier them for them to pay it, than to go hunt "
"around and go to the trouble of getting a copy gratis. There are people sell "
-"copies, and they make some money with it. But people generally can't do is "
-"hold the users to ransom, squeezing a lots of painful money out of them, "
-"because at that point the users will redistribute copies to each other, they "
-"will make the effort. So free software can't be used to squeeze money out of "
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-"because a lot of people in India are using unauthorized copies. I don't "
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-"of non-free software are trying to make this impossible. They have two "
-"different ways, one is the terror campaign you know threatening to rape "
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-"the unauthorized copies from running, making people register in order for "
-"the software to run, you can see this in Windows XP, and there are more such "
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-"harder in India to get by using unauthorized copies. And that means computer "
-"use in India and computer users in India are heading for a train wreck. They "
-"are on a course that leads to disaster and the thing that India needs to "
-"build is, start making effort to get on to the other track, to get on to the "
-"free software track, the track that escapes from this problem. So every "
-"social institutions in India, every government agency, every school, every "
+"copies, and they make some money with it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"But people generally can't do is hold the users to ransom, squeezing a lots "
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+"redistribute copies to each other, they will make the effort. So free "
+"software can't be used to squeeze money out of people in a way that hurts "
+"society. But it doesn't mean that no money ever changes hands it does not "
+"mean gratis. Sometimes people in India refer it to as Mukth software or "
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+"is true that the savings that users can have because they are not forced to "
+"pay for permission, can be important for encouraging computer use, in a "
+"country with lots of poor people, because authorized copies of the software "
+"can cost more than the computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now the computer can cost this much and the authorized copies of software "
+"can cost this much. Well, there are lots of people in India who might be "
+"able to afford the computer, but couldn't possibly afford the software, "
+"because they can just barely afford a computer. So free software can make a "
+"big difference in terms of who in India can get a computer and run it. We "
+"don't see this yet, because a lot of people in India are using unauthorized "
+"copies. I don't think it is wrong to use unauthorized copies, but we can see "
+"the developers of non-free software are trying to make this impossible. They "
+"have two different ways, one is the terror campaign you know threatening to "
+"rape people in prison, and the other one is technical changes that can "
+"prevent the unauthorized copies from running, making people register in "
+"order for the software to run, you can see this in Windows XP, and there are "
+"more such measures coming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So what we can expect is, that it would be harder and harder in India to get "
+"by using unauthorized copies. And that means computer use in India and "
+"computer users in India are heading for a train wreck. They are on a course "
+"that leads to disaster and the thing that India needs to build is, start "
+"making effort to get on to the other track, to get on to the free software "
+"track, the track that escapes from this problem. So every social "
+"institutions in India, every government agency, every school, every "
"organization, should be working as quickly as feasible, to switch people "
"from the non-free track to the free track."
msgstr ""
-"Cela dit, aucune n'a à voir avec le prix. « Libre » ne signifie pas que
vous "
-"pouvez obtenir le logiciel gratuitement. En fait, il est parfaitement "
-"légitime que les gens en vendent des copies ; c'est un exemple de la "
-"liberté 2. La liberté 2, c'est la liberté de faire des copies et de les "
-"distribuer à d'autres ; ça inclut de les vendre si vous le souhaitez. Vous
"
-"êtes libre de faire des copies et de les vendre. Il est vrai que typiquement
"
-"les gens ne paieront pas cher leurs copies parce qu'ils savent qu'ils "
-"peuvent trouver ailleurs quelqu'un qui leur en donnera une. Ils pourraient "
-"payer un certain prix, vous savez, si le prix est assez bas, s'il est plus "
-"facile pour eux de payer que d'aller chercher ailleurs et se donner du mal "
-"pour se procurer une copie gratuite. Il y a des gens qui vendent des copies, "
-"et qui gagnent de l'argent avec. Mais ils ne peuvent généralement pas "
-"rançonner les utilisateurs en leur extorquant de l'argent dur à gagner, "
-"parce qu'à ce moment-là , les utilisateurs se redistribueront les copies "
-"entre eux. Ils feront cet effort. Donc le logiciel libre ne peut pas être "
-"utilisé pour extorquer l'argent des autres au point de nuire à la
société. "
-"Mais cela ne signifie pas que l'argent ne change jamais de main. Cela ne "
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-"être assez importante pour les encourager à utiliser l'ordinateur dans un "
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-"nous attendre, c'est qu'il va devenir de plus en plus difficile de s'en "
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"
-"Leur train est sur une voie qui mène à la catastrophe. Ce que l'Inde doit "
-"faire, c'est s'efforcer de s'engager sur une autre voie, la voie du logiciel "
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"
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -1120,6 +1377,56 @@
"qu'utilisateurs de logiciels libres."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | It should be no surprise, that Microsoft is offering gratis copies of
+# | Windows to schools in India. They are doing this for the same reason that
+# | tobacco companies used to offer gratis packs of cigarettes to children.
+# | They are trying to get children hooked. They are not doing this, to be
+# | helpful to anybody. They are doing this so as to have more of their grip
+# | around these children. So, they are asking the schools to become
+# | accessories, in maintaining their grip. And this should not be surprising.
+# | If you compare Microsoft with other forms of colonialism, you will see a
+# | lot of similarities. Because you see, non-free software is a system of
+# | colonialism. The developers… Instead of one country colonizing
+# | another, it is various companies trying to colonize the whole world. And
+# | they do this, using divide conquer tactics. Keeping the user divided and
+# | helpless. [-And if you think about it, that is what a non-free program
+# | does, it keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided, because you are
+# | forbidden to distribute copies to other people, forbidden to help your
+# | neighbor. And helpless, because you can't get the source code and change
+# | it. So, with this divide and conquer policy, you also see the policy of
+# | using the local [45:20] ???? to keep everyone else inline. So Microsoft
+# | offers special deals, to whoever seems to have special influence, to get
+# | them to use Windows, and thus keep everyone else inline. Governments are
+# | being used in this way. And schools are being used in this way. The
+# | schools of India should reject non-free software, and thus refuse to be
+# | used to keep the population of India inline and under the domination of
+# | the developers of non-free software.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It should be no surprise, that Microsoft is offering gratis copies of "
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+#| "They are trying to get children hooked. They are not doing this, to be "
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+#| "influence, to get them to use Windows, and thus keep everyone else "
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msgid ""
"It should be no surprise, that Microsoft is offering gratis copies of "
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@@ -1132,18 +1439,100 @@
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+"Cela ne devrait pas vous surprendre que Microsoft offre des copies gratuites "
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+"fabricants de cigarettes offraient des paquets gratuits aux enfants. Ils "
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"
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"
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"
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"
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+"« droit chemin » de la domination des développeurs de logiciel non
libre."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-It should be no surprise, that Microsoft is offering gratis copies of
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+#, fuzzy
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msgstr ""
"Cela ne devrait pas vous surprendre que Microsoft offre des copies gratuites "
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@@ -1207,6 +1596,58 @@
"ordinateurs apprendront à écrire de bons logiciels."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | As far as I can tell, some people are born with the skill program, are
+# | born with their brains growing so that they will have the skill to
+# | program. They will be natural programmers. But writing clear
+# | understandable software is something you have to learn. That's judgment.
+# | The way you learn is by reading lots of source and by changing lots of
+# | programs. That way you learn what makes a program easy to understand and
+# | easy to change. Every time you try to read a program and it is hard to
+# | figure out a certain part, you learn this is not the way to write clear
+# | code. Non-free software doesn't help you do this. Non-free software just
+# | keeps you in the dark. But if the schools of India switched to free
+# | software, then they can offer the students the opportunity to learn to be
+# | good programmers. To learn the same way I learnt. [-In the 1970s, I had a
+# | special opportunity. I worked at the AI lab at <abbr>MIT</abbr>. And
+# | there, we had our own time sharing system, which was free software. We
+# | would share with anybody. In fact, we were delighted anytime when somebody
+# | was interested in any part of it. We were delighted anytime somebody
+# | wanted to join us in using it and then help develop it. And so I had the
+# | opportunity to read all these different programs that were part of the
+# | system, and make changes in them. And by doing this over and over again,
+# | for years, I learnt to be a good programmer. I had to go to one particular
+# | place on earth, to have this opportunity, which was very unusual, very
+# | rare. Today any PC running the GNU plus Linux operating system, will offer
+# | you this opportunity. Every school in India that has a computer can offer
+# | its students the same opportunity, that I could only get at
+# | <abbr>MIT</abbr>.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As far as I can tell, some people are born with the skill program, are "
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+#| "figure out a certain part, you learn this is not the way to write clear "
+#| "code. Non-free software doesn't help you do this. Non-free software just "
+#| "keeps you in the dark. But if the schools of India switched to free "
+#| "software, then they can offer the students the opportunity to learn to be "
+#| "good programmers. To learn the same way I learnt. In the 1970s, I had a "
+#| "special opportunity. I worked at the AI lab at <abbr>MIT</abbr>. And "
+#| "there, we had our own time sharing system, which was free software. We "
+#| "would share with anybody. In fact, we were delighted anytime when "
+#| "somebody was interested in any part of it. We were delighted anytime "
+#| "somebody wanted to join us in using it and then help develop it. And so I "
+#| "had the opportunity to read all these different programs that were part "
+#| "of the system, and make changes in them. And by doing this over and over "
+#| "again, for years, I learnt to be a good programmer. I had to go to one "
+#| "particular place on earth, to have this opportunity, which was very "
+#| "unusual, very rare. Today any PC running the GNU plus Linux operating "
+#| "system, will offer you this opportunity. Every school in India that has a "
+#| "computer can offer its students the same opportunity, that I could only "
+#| "get at <abbr>MIT</abbr>."
msgid ""
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@@ -1218,7 +1659,91 @@
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+"opportunity to learn to be good programmers. To learn the same way I learnt."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour autant que je puisse le dire, certains sont nés avec une aptitude pour "
+"la programmation ; ils sont nés avec une intelligence qui se développe
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+"le sens d'une aptitude à programmer. Ce seront des programmeurs naturels. "
+"Mais écrire un logiciel compréhensible, clair, est quelque chose qui "
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+"Le logiciel non libre vous maintient dans l'obscurité. Mais si les écoles "
+"d'Inde passaient au logiciel libre, alors elles pourraient donner aux "
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+"de la même manière que je l'ai fait moi-même. Dans les années 70, j'ai
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+"une opportunité particulière. J'ai travaillé au laboratoire d'IA du MIT.
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+"là , nous avions notre propre système d'exploitation en temps partagé, qui "
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+"années, j'ai appris à être un bon programmeur. J'ai dû aller dans un
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+"particulier sur terre pour en avoir l'opportunité, qui était très peu "
+"courante, très rare. Aujourd'hui n'importe quel PC fonctionnant avec le "
+"système d'exploitation GNU + Linux vous la donnera. Chaque école d'Inde "
+"équipée d'un ordinateur peut donner à ses étudiants la même
opportunité, que "
+"je n'ai pu avoir qu'au MIT."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-As far as I can tell, some people are born with the skill program, are
+# | born with their brains growing so that they will have the skill to
+# | program. They will be natural programmers. But writing clear
+# | understandable software is something you have to learn. That's judgment.
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+# | easy to change. Every time you try to read a program and it is hard to
+# | figure out a certain part, you learn this is not the way to write clear
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+# | keeps you in the dark. But if the schools of India switched to free
+# | software, then they can offer the students the opportunity to learn to be
+# | good programmers. To learn the same way I learnt.-]In the 1970s, I had a
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+# | was interested in any part of it. We were delighted anytime somebody
+# | wanted to join us in using it and then help develop it. And so I had the
+# | opportunity to read all these different programs that were part of the
+# | system, and make changes in them. And by doing this over and over again,
+# | for years, I learnt to be a good programmer. I had to go to one particular
+# | place on earth, to have this opportunity, which was very unusual, very
+# | rare. Today any PC running the GNU plus Linux operating system, will offer
+# | you this opportunity. Every school in India that has a computer can offer
+# | its students the same opportunity, that I could only get at
+# | <abbr>MIT</abbr>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
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+#| "born with their brains growing so that they will have the skill to "
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+#| "understandable software is something you have to learn. That's judgment. "
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+#| "unusual, very rare. Today any PC running the GNU plus Linux operating "
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"In the 1970s, I had a special opportunity. I worked at the AI lab at "
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"free software. We would share with anybody. In fact, we were delighted "
@@ -1289,6 +1814,44 @@
"citoyenneté."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Three weeks ago… No it was two weeks ago, when i met with Dr. Kalam
+# | and explained to him about why schools should use free software and about
+# | how non-free software is colonial system, I was really delighted, because
+# | he understood it instantly. He recognized the analogy, how the colonial
+# | powers tried to recruit the [FIXME: 51:40 weaks] ??? to become their
+# | assistants for keeping the rest of the population inline. And then, the
+# | most delightful part was that some people from Microsoft were waiting to
+# | see him next. I am sure when he spoke with them… that this
+# | comparison will go through his mind, as they try to convince him to do
+# | something or other, as they offered some kind of inducement to help keep
+# | India inline. [-What happened in that meeting, of course I don't know;
+# | because I wasn't there in his subsequent meeting with Microsoft. But I'm
+# | sure with this analogy running through his minds, he would have had some
+# | effect and I hope it will have some effect on you. When you, as part of
+# | the Indian [FIXME: 52:30] ??? are invited to help keep India inline. That
+# | you recognize that it's your duty to say no. When somebody invites you to
+# | join in a free software movement, where we weave our own code together,
+# | that you'll recognize that this is the way to put an end to colonialism.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Three weeks ago… No it was two weeks ago, when i met with Dr. "
+#| "Kalam and explained to him about why schools should use free software and "
+#| "about how non-free software is colonial system, I was really delighted, "
+#| "because he understood it instantly. He recognized the analogy, how the "
+#| "colonial powers tried to recruit the [FIXME: 51:40 weaks] ??? to become "
+#| "their assistants for keeping the rest of the population inline. And then, "
+#| "the most delightful part was that some people from Microsoft were waiting "
+#| "to see him next. I am sure when he spoke with them… that this "
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+"offered some kind of inducement to help keep India inline."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a trois semaines â non, c'était il y a deux semaines â quand j'ai
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+"rencontré le Dr Kalam et que je lui ai expliqué pourquoi les écoles "
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"
+"au cours de cette réunion, naturellement je ne le sais pas ; parce que je "
+"n'étais pas là , à sa réunion avec Microsoft. Mais je suis sûr que cette "
+"analogie lui a traversé l'esprit. Cela aura eu un certain effet. En tout cas
"
+"j'espère que ça aura un certain effet sur vous ; j'espère que si
quelqu'un "
+"vous invite, en tant qu'élite du peuple indien, à aider à maintenir l'Inde
"
+"dans le droit chemin, vous comprendrez qu'il est de votre devoir de dire "
+"non ; j'espère que si quelqu'un vous invite à rejoindre le mouvement du "
+"logiciel libre â où ensemble, nous tissons notre propre code â vous "
+"comprendrez que c'est une façon de mettre un terme au colonialisme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Three weeks ago… No it was two weeks ago, when i met with Dr.
+# | Kalam and explained to him about why schools should use free software and
+# | about how non-free software is colonial system, I was really delighted,
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+# | comparison will go through his mind, as they try to convince him to do
+# | something or other, as they offered some kind of inducement to help keep
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+# | sure with this analogy running through his minds, he would have had some
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+# | that you'll recognize that this is the way to put an end to colonialism.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Three weeks ago… No it was two weeks ago, when i met with Dr. "
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msgstr ""
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@@ -1349,6 +1975,46 @@
"que chaque utilisateur d'ordinateur mérite la liberté."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So I've been explaining why software should be free. So what do we do
+# | about it? I was thinking about these issues in 1983 and I reached the
+# | conclusion that software should be free; that the only way to live in
+# | freedom is to insist on free software. But what can i do about it? If you
+# | want to get a computer and run it, the first thing you need is an
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+# | computers were non free, were proprietary. So what can I do? The only way
+# | you can get a modern computer and run it was to sign a contract promising
+# | to betray your neighbors. How could there be an alternative? The only way
+# | to have an alternative, the only way to use a computer and within freedom,
+# | was to write a free operating system. [-So I decided I would do that. I
+# | was an operating system developer, I've the skills to undertake this
+# | project. So I decided I would write free operating system, or die trying,
+# | presumably of old age. Because at that time, the free software movement
+# | which was just beginning, had no enemies. We just had a lot of work to do.
+# | So I decided that I would develop a free operating system and I decided to
+# | make it a Unix like operating system. So that it would be portable and so
+# | that Unix users would be having easy times switching over to this
+# | operating system that would give them freedom.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I've been explaining why software should be free. So what do we do "
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+#| "conclusion that software should be free; that the only way to live in "
+#| "freedom is to insist on free software. But what can i do about it? If you "
+#| "want to get a computer and run it, the first thing you need is an "
+#| "operating system and in 1983 all the operating systems for modern "
+#| "computers were non free, were proprietary. So what can I do? The only way "
+#| "you can get a modern computer and run it was to sign a contract promising "
+#| "to betray your neighbors. How could there be an alternative? The only way "
+#| "to have an alternative, the only way to use a computer and within "
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@@ -1360,14 +2026,82 @@
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msgstr ""
"Je viens d'expliquer pourquoi le logiciel devrait être libre. Que faisons-"
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la "
@@ -1394,6 +2128,57 @@
"système d'exploitation qui leur donnait la liberté."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | I figured, by making it compatible with some existing popular systems,
+# | we'll have more users and thus the community of freedom, the free world
+# | would grow bigger. And I gave the system the name GNU, which stands for
+# | GNU's Not Unix. It's a humorous way of giving credit to the ideas of Unix.
+# | It's a recursive acronym and that was a traditional programmers of having
+# | fun and giving credit at the same time. At the same time the word GNU, is
+# | used for lots of word plays, it's a word that has a lot of humor
+# | associated with it which makes it the best possible name for anything. I
+# | should explain that the word GNU is the name of an animal that was in
+# | Africa. We use the animal as our symbol. So if you see a smiling animal
+# | with some horns that is associated with our software, that's a gnu. [-So
+# | 20 years and 1 month ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at
+# | <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all
+# | myself, of course, I was also trying to recruit other people to help and
+# | gradually over the years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s,
+# | well we had only a few parts of the GNU system; some of these parts were
+# | superior and so people would take them and install them on their non-free
+# | systems. For instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU C compiler.
+# | These were programs that people would learn even on top of their non-free
+# | Unix system. But our real goal was not just to have a few popular
+# | programs, the goal was to make a complete system. So that we should reject
+# | the non-free systems; reject non-free software, escape from the bondage of
+# | non-free software. So we kept filling in these gaps in the system and by
+# | the early 90s we had just one important gap remaining and that was the
+# | kernel.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I figured, by making it compatible with some existing popular systems, "
+#| "we'll have more users and thus the community of freedom, the free world "
+#| "would grow bigger. And I gave the system the name GNU, which stands for "
+#| "GNU's Not Unix. It's a humorous way of giving credit to the ideas of "
+#| "Unix. It's a recursive acronym and that was a traditional programmers of "
+#| "having fun and giving credit at the same time. At the same time the word "
+#| "GNU, is used for lots of word plays, it's a word that has a lot of humor "
+#| "associated with it which makes it the best possible name for anything. I "
+#| "should explain that the word GNU is the name of an animal that was in "
+#| "Africa. We use the animal as our symbol. So if you see a smiling animal "
+#| "with some horns that is associated with our software, that's a gnu. So 20 "
+#| "years and 1 month ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> "
+#| "and began developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all myself, of "
+#| "course, I was also trying to recruit other people to help and gradually "
+#| "over the years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s, well we "
+#| "had only a few parts of the GNU system; some of these parts were superior "
+#| "and so people would take them and install them on their non-free systems. "
+#| "For instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU C compiler. These "
+#| "were programs that people would learn even on top of their non-free Unix "
+#| "system. But our real goal was not just to have a few popular programs, "
+#| "the goal was to make a complete system. So that we should reject the non-"
+#| "free systems; reject non-free software, escape from the bondage of non-"
+#| "free software. So we kept filling in these gaps in the system and by the "
+#| "early 90s we had just one important gap remaining and that was the kernel."
msgid ""
"I figured, by making it compatible with some existing popular systems, we'll "
"have more users and thus the community of freedom, the free world would grow "
@@ -1405,19 +2190,101 @@
"makes it the best possible name for anything. I should explain that the word "
"GNU is the name of an animal that was in Africa. We use the animal as our "
"symbol. So if you see a smiling animal with some horns that is associated "
-"with our software, that's a gnu. So 20 years and 1 month ago, in January "
-"1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began developing the GNU system. "
-"I didn't do it all myself, of course, I was also trying to recruit other "
-"people to help and gradually over the years more and more people joined in. "
-"During the 1980s, well we had only a few parts of the GNU system; some of "
-"these parts were superior and so people would take them and install them on "
-"their non-free systems. For instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU "
-"C compiler. These were programs that people would learn even on top of their "
-"non-free Unix system. But our real goal was not just to have a few popular "
-"programs, the goal was to make a complete system. So that we should reject "
-"the non-free systems; reject non-free software, escape from the bondage of "
-"non-free software. So we kept filling in these gaps in the system and by the "
-"early 90s we had just one important gap remaining and that was the kernel."
+"with our software, that's a gnu."
+msgstr ""
+"Je me suis dit qu'en le rendant compatible avec un système populaire "
+"existant nous aurions plus d'utilisateurs et qu'ainsi la communauté du "
+"libre, le « monde du Libre », se développerait davantage. Et j'ai donné
au "
+"système le nom de GNU, qui signifie « GNU N'est pas Unix » <cite>[GNU's
Not "
+"Unix]</cite>. C'est une manière humoristique de donner crédit aux idées "
+"d'Unix. C'est un acronyme récursif, une façon traditionnelle pour les "
+"programmeurs de s'amuser et de donner crédit en même temps. De plus, le mot
"
+"GNU est utilisé dans bon nombre de jeux de mots. C'est un mot auquel est "
+"associé pas mal d'humour, ce qui fait de lui le meilleur mot possible pour "
+"tous les usages. Je devrais expliquer que GNU (gnou) est le nom d'un animal "
+"d'Afrique. Cet animal est notre symbole. Donc, si vous voyez un animal "
+"souriant avec des cornes associé à nos logiciels, c'est un gnou. Il y a "
+"vingt ans et un mois, en janvier 1984, j'ai cessé mon travail au MIT et "
+"commencé à développer le système GNU. Je n'ai pas tout fait moi-même, "
+"naturellement ; j'ai aussi essayé de recruter d'autres gens pour m'aider.
Et "
+"progressivement, au cours des années, de plus en plus de gens m'ont rejoint.
"
+"Pendant les années 80, nous n'avions que quelques morceaux du système GNU.
"
+"Certains de ces morceaux étaient de grande qualité, alors les gens les "
+"prenaient et les installaient sur leurs systèmes non libres. Par exemple "
+"l'éditeur de texte GNU Emacs et le compilateur C de GNU. C'était des "
+"programmes que les gens faisaient tourner même sur leur système Unix non "
+"libre. Mais notre but véritable n'était pas simplement d'avoir quelques "
+"programmes de grande diffusion. Le but était de faire un système complet, "
+"afin de pouvoir rejeter les systèmes non libres ; rejeter le logiciel non "
+"libre, nous sortir de l'esclavage du logiciel non libre. Ainsi nous avons "
+"continué à combler les brèches du système, et au début des années 90
il ne "
+"restait plus qu'une seule lacune importante, le noyau."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-I figured, by making it compatible with some existing popular systems,
+# | we'll have more users and thus the community of freedom, the free world
+# | would grow bigger. And I gave the system the name GNU, which stands for
+# | GNU's Not Unix. It's a humorous way of giving credit to the ideas of Unix.
+# | It's a recursive acronym and that was a traditional programmers of having
+# | fun and giving credit at the same time. At the same time the word GNU, is
+# | used for lots of word plays, it's a word that has a lot of humor
+# | associated with it which makes it the best possible name for anything. I
+# | should explain that the word GNU is the name of an animal that was in
+# | Africa. We use the animal as our symbol. So if you see a smiling animal
+# | with some horns that is associated with our software, that's a gnu.-]So 20
+# | years and 1 month ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr>
+# | and began developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all myself, of course,
+# | I was also trying to recruit other people to help and gradually over the
+# | years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s, well we had only a
+# | few parts of the GNU system; some of these parts were superior and so
+# | people would take them and install them on their non-free systems. For
+# | instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU C compiler. These were
+# | programs that people would learn even on top of their non-free Unix
+# | system. But our real goal was not just to have a few popular programs, the
+# | goal was to make a complete system. So that we should reject the non-free
+# | systems; reject non-free software, escape from the bondage of non-free
+# | software. So we kept filling in these gaps in the system and by the early
+# | 90s we had just one important gap remaining and that was the kernel.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I figured, by making it compatible with some existing popular systems, "
+#| "we'll have more users and thus the community of freedom, the free world "
+#| "would grow bigger. And I gave the system the name GNU, which stands for "
+#| "GNU's Not Unix. It's a humorous way of giving credit to the ideas of "
+#| "Unix. It's a recursive acronym and that was a traditional programmers of "
+#| "having fun and giving credit at the same time. At the same time the word "
+#| "GNU, is used for lots of word plays, it's a word that has a lot of humor "
+#| "associated with it which makes it the best possible name for anything. I "
+#| "should explain that the word GNU is the name of an animal that was in "
+#| "Africa. We use the animal as our symbol. So if you see a smiling animal "
+#| "with some horns that is associated with our software, that's a gnu. So 20 "
+#| "years and 1 month ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> "
+#| "and began developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all myself, of "
+#| "course, I was also trying to recruit other people to help and gradually "
+#| "over the years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s, well we "
+#| "had only a few parts of the GNU system; some of these parts were superior "
+#| "and so people would take them and install them on their non-free systems. "
+#| "For instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU C compiler. These "
+#| "were programs that people would learn even on top of their non-free Unix "
+#| "system. But our real goal was not just to have a few popular programs, "
+#| "the goal was to make a complete system. So that we should reject the non-"
+#| "free systems; reject non-free software, escape from the bondage of non-"
+#| "free software. So we kept filling in these gaps in the system and by the "
+#| "early 90s we had just one important gap remaining and that was the kernel."
+msgid ""
+"So 20 years and 1 month ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</"
+"abbr> and began developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all myself, of "
+"course, I was also trying to recruit other people to help and gradually over "
+"the years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s, well we had only "
+"a few parts of the GNU system; some of these parts were superior and so "
+"people would take them and install them on their non-free systems. For "
+"instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU C compiler. These were "
+"programs that people would learn even on top of their non-free Unix system. "
+"But our real goal was not just to have a few popular programs, the goal was "
+"to make a complete system. So that we should reject the non-free systems; "
+"reject non-free software, escape from the bondage of non-free software. So "
+"we kept filling in these gaps in the system and by the early 90s we had just "
+"one important gap remaining and that was the kernel."
msgstr ""
"Je me suis dit qu'en le rendant compatible avec un système populaire "
"existant nous aurions plus d'utilisateurs et qu'ainsi la communauté du "
@@ -1546,6 +2413,54 @@
"leur pourquoi le logiciel devrait être libre."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Now, it was suggested I should talk about, some issues having to do with
+# | hardware. Sometimes, people ask whether hardware also should be free.
+# | Well, the issue only partly is meaningful. Because you see, what does it
+# | mean for software to be free. It means that, you are free to use it if you
+# | wish, study what it does, and change it. And copy it, and distribute
+# | copies, including modified copies. But you see, ordinary users of
+# | hardware, can't copy the hardware. There are no copiers. If I am ordinary
+# | user of software, I can copy it. Because every computer is a copier for
+# | software. And I don't need any special facilities to be able to study the
+# | plans and change them. I just need to understand programming. Then I can
+# | read the source code, as long as the developer will let me have a copy of
+# | the source code. [-But hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make
+# | computers, by putting them into a universal copier. You know, if somebody
+# | gives you one CPU chip, you can't copy that CPU chip to make another
+# | identical chip. Nobody can do that. There are no copiers. Now what about
+# | modifying it. Nobody can modify a chip. Once it's made, it's made. There
+# | are chips that are customizable. But to actually go in and modify the
+# | hardware of the chip, is impossible. For those chips that are
+# | customizable, suppose it is a microcodable chip, or a programmable gate
+# | array, the microcode, that's software, that's not hardware. The pattern of
+# | gates circuitry that goes in a programmable gate array chip, that pattern
+# | is software. That pattern can easily be changed and can easily be copied,
+# | because it is software.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, it was suggested I should talk about, some issues having to do with "
+#| "hardware. Sometimes, people ask whether hardware also should be free. "
+#| "Well, the issue only partly is meaningful. Because you see, what does it "
+#| "mean for software to be free. It means that, you are free to use it if "
+#| "you wish, study what it does, and change it. And copy it, and distribute "
+#| "copies, including modified copies. But you see, ordinary users of "
+#| "hardware, can't copy the hardware. There are no copiers. If I am ordinary "
+#| "user of software, I can copy it. Because every computer is a copier for "
+#| "software. And I don't need any special facilities to be able to study the "
+#| "plans and change them. I just need to understand programming. Then I can "
+#| "read the source code, as long as the developer will let me have a copy of "
+#| "the source code. But hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make "
+#| "computers, by putting them into a universal copier. You know, if somebody "
+#| "gives you one CPU chip, you can't copy that CPU chip to make another "
+#| "identical chip. Nobody can do that. There are no copiers. Now what about "
+#| "modifying it. Nobody can modify a chip. Once it's made, it's made. There "
+#| "are chips that are customizable. But to actually go in and modify the "
+#| "hardware of the chip, is impossible. For those chips that are "
+#| "customizable, suppose it is a microcodable chip, or a programmable gate "
+#| "array, the microcode, that's software, that's not hardware. The pattern "
+#| "of gates circuitry that goes in a programmable gate array chip, that "
+#| "pattern is software. That pattern can easily be changed and can easily be "
+#| "copied, because it is software."
msgid ""
"Now, it was suggested I should talk about, some issues having to do with "
"hardware. Sometimes, people ask whether hardware also should be free. Well, "
@@ -1557,14 +2472,94 @@
"I can copy it. Because every computer is a copier for software. And I don't "
"need any special facilities to be able to study the plans and change them. I "
"just need to understand programming. Then I can read the source code, as "
-"long as the developer will let me have a copy of the source code. But "
-"hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make computers, by putting them "
-"into a universal copier. You know, if somebody gives you one CPU chip, you "
-"can't copy that CPU chip to make another identical chip. Nobody can do that. "
-"There are no copiers. Now what about modifying it. Nobody can modify a chip. "
-"Once it's made, it's made. There are chips that are customizable. But to "
-"actually go in and modify the hardware of the chip, is impossible. For those "
-"chips that are customizable, suppose it is a microcodable chip, or a "
+"long as the developer will let me have a copy of the source code."
+msgstr ""
+"Une dernière chose. On m'a suggéré de parler des questions relatives au "
+"matériel. Parfois, les gens demandent si le matériel devrait également
être "
+"libre. Eh bien, la question n'est pertinente qu'en partie. Parce que voyez-"
+"vous, qu'est-ce que ça signifie pour le logiciel d'être libre ? Cela veut "
+"dire que vous êtes libre de l'utiliser si vous le souhaitez, d'étudier ce "
+"qu'il fait, de le modifier, de le copier et d'en distribuer des copies, y "
+"compris des copies modifiées. Mais voyez-vous, les utilisateurs ordinaires "
+"de matériel ne peuvent pas le copier. Il n'existe pas de copieur. Si je suis
"
+"un utilisateur ordinaire de logiciel, je peux le copier, puisque chaque "
+"ordinateur est un copieur de logiciel. Et je n'ai besoin d'aucun équipement "
+"spécial pour pouvoir étudier les plans et les changer. J'ai juste à "
+"comprendre la programmation ; alors je peux lire le code source aussi "
+"longtemps que le développeur me laissera en avoir une copie. Mais le "
+"matériel n'est pas fabriqué par copie. Vous ne faites pas des ordinateurs
en "
+"les mettant dans un copieur universel. Vous savez, si quelqu'un vous donne "
+"un puce de <abbr title=\"Central Processing Unit\">CPU</abbr> (unité "
+"centrale), vous ne pouvez pas copier ce morceau de CPU pour faire un autre "
+"morceau identique. Personne ne peut faire ça. Il n'existe pas de copieur. "
+"Maintenant que diriez-vous de le modifier ? Personne ne peut modifier une "
+"puce. Une fois qu'elle est fabriquée, elle est fabriquée. Il y a des puces "
+"qui sont personnalisables, mais entrer dedans réellement et modifier le "
+"matériel de la puce, c'est impossible. Pour ce qui est des puces "
+"personnalisables… Supposez que ce soit une puce programmable par "
+"microcode ou un réseau de portes programmables. Le microcode est un "
+"logiciel, ce n'est pas du matériel. Le modèle de circuit de portes qu'on
met "
+"dans une puce contenant un réseau de portes programmables est logiciel ; ce
"
+"modèle peut être facilement modifié et peut facilement être copié parce
que "
+"c'est un logiciel."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Now, it was suggested I should talk about, some issues having to do with
+# | hardware. Sometimes, people ask whether hardware also should be free.
+# | Well, the issue only partly is meaningful. Because you see, what does it
+# | mean for software to be free. It means that, you are free to use it if you
+# | wish, study what it does, and change it. And copy it, and distribute
+# | copies, including modified copies. But you see, ordinary users of
+# | hardware, can't copy the hardware. There are no copiers. If I am ordinary
+# | user of software, I can copy it. Because every computer is a copier for
+# | software. And I don't need any special facilities to be able to study the
+# | plans and change them. I just need to understand programming. Then I can
+# | read the source code, as long as the developer will let me have a copy of
+# | the source code.-]But hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make
+# | computers, by putting them into a universal copier. You know, if somebody
+# | gives you one CPU chip, you can't copy that CPU chip to make another
+# | identical chip. Nobody can do that. There are no copiers. Now what about
+# | modifying it. Nobody can modify a chip. Once it's made, it's made. There
+# | are chips that are customizable. But to actually go in and modify the
+# | hardware of the chip, is impossible. For those chips that are
+# | customizable, suppose it is a microcodable chip, or a programmable gate
+# | array, the microcode, that's software, that's not hardware. The pattern of
+# | gates circuitry that goes in a programmable gate array chip, that pattern
+# | is software. That pattern can easily be changed and can easily be copied,
+# | because it is software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, it was suggested I should talk about, some issues having to do with "
+#| "hardware. Sometimes, people ask whether hardware also should be free. "
+#| "Well, the issue only partly is meaningful. Because you see, what does it "
+#| "mean for software to be free. It means that, you are free to use it if "
+#| "you wish, study what it does, and change it. And copy it, and distribute "
+#| "copies, including modified copies. But you see, ordinary users of "
+#| "hardware, can't copy the hardware. There are no copiers. If I am ordinary "
+#| "user of software, I can copy it. Because every computer is a copier for "
+#| "software. And I don't need any special facilities to be able to study the "
+#| "plans and change them. I just need to understand programming. Then I can "
+#| "read the source code, as long as the developer will let me have a copy of "
+#| "the source code. But hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make "
+#| "computers, by putting them into a universal copier. You know, if somebody "
+#| "gives you one CPU chip, you can't copy that CPU chip to make another "
+#| "identical chip. Nobody can do that. There are no copiers. Now what about "
+#| "modifying it. Nobody can modify a chip. Once it's made, it's made. There "
+#| "are chips that are customizable. But to actually go in and modify the "
+#| "hardware of the chip, is impossible. For those chips that are "
+#| "customizable, suppose it is a microcodable chip, or a programmable gate "
+#| "array, the microcode, that's software, that's not hardware. The pattern "
+#| "of gates circuitry that goes in a programmable gate array chip, that "
+#| "pattern is software. That pattern can easily be changed and can easily be "
+#| "copied, because it is software."
+msgid ""
+"But hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make computers, by putting "
+"them into a universal copier. You know, if somebody gives you one CPU chip, "
+"you can't copy that CPU chip to make another identical chip. Nobody can do "
+"that. There are no copiers. Now what about modifying it. Nobody can modify a "
+"chip. Once it's made, it's made. There are chips that are customizable. But "
+"to actually go in and modify the hardware of the chip, is impossible. For "
+"those chips that are customizable, suppose it is a microcodable chip, or a "
"programmable gate array, the microcode, that's software, that's not "
"hardware. The pattern of gates circuitry that goes in a programmable gate "
"array chip, that pattern is software. That pattern can easily be changed and "
@@ -1672,6 +2667,54 @@
"porte dérobée. Ce doit être des logiciels libres."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So, the general rule is, if people ask me the question, “Does this
+# | apply to computers that are embedded?” I thought about this and I
+# | reached the conclusion, that if new software can be loaded into this
+# | computer, then it's visibly a computer, it really is a computer, for you
+# | the user. And that means you must have the freedom to control the
+# | software. But more recently, another issue is arising, that if the device
+# | can talk to the network, whether that's the Internet, or the cell phone
+# | network, or whatever. If it can talk to other people, then you don't know
+# | whether it is spying on you. So, it has to be free software. Consider for
+# | instance, portable phones. You shouldn't use a portable, unless the
+# | software is free. There really have been dangerous malicious features, in
+# | portable phones. [-There are portable phones in Europe which have this
+# | feature, that somebody can remotely tell the phone to listen to you. It
+# | really is a spy device, in the most classical sense. And if you have a
+# | portable phone, do you know who could be spying on you at any time? You
+# | don't unless you are… unless the software in your portable phone is
+# | a free software. So, we must insist on free software for this portable
+# | phones. That's just one of the reasons I won't use a portable phone.
+# | Because the portable phone network is a surveillance device. It can keep
+# | records of where you go. It can keep a permanent record of where you have
+# | been at all the time. And I think this is so dangerous such as threat to
+# | our freedom, that we must refuse to have these phones. They're dangerous,
+# | they're poison.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, the general rule is, if people ask me the question, “Does this "
+#| "apply to computers that are embedded?” I thought about this and I "
+#| "reached the conclusion, that if new software can be loaded into this "
+#| "computer, then it's visibly a computer, it really is a computer, for you "
+#| "the user. And that means you must have the freedom to control the "
+#| "software. But more recently, another issue is arising, that if the device "
+#| "can talk to the network, whether that's the Internet, or the cell phone "
+#| "network, or whatever. If it can talk to other people, then you don't know "
+#| "whether it is spying on you. So, it has to be free software. Consider for "
+#| "instance, portable phones. You shouldn't use a portable, unless the "
+#| "software is free. There really have been dangerous malicious features, in "
+#| "portable phones. There are portable phones in Europe which have this "
+#| "feature, that somebody can remotely tell the phone to listen to you. It "
+#| "really is a spy device, in the most classical sense. And if you have a "
+#| "portable phone, do you know who could be spying on you at any time? You "
+#| "don't unless you are… unless the software in your portable phone "
+#| "is a free software. So, we must insist on free software for this portable "
+#| "phones. That's just one of the reasons I won't use a portable phone. "
+#| "Because the portable phone network is a surveillance device. It can keep "
+#| "records of where you go. It can keep a permanent record of where you have "
+#| "been at all the time. And I think this is so dangerous such as threat to "
+#| "our freedom, that we must refuse to have these phones. They're dangerous, "
+#| "they're poison."
msgid ""
"So, the general rule is, if people ask me the question, “Does this "
"apply to computers that are embedded?” I thought about this and I "
@@ -1683,7 +2726,83 @@
"whatever. If it can talk to other people, then you don't know whether it is "
"spying on you. So, it has to be free software. Consider for instance, "
"portable phones. You shouldn't use a portable, unless the software is free. "
-"There really have been dangerous malicious features, in portable phones. "
+"There really have been dangerous malicious features, in portable phones."
+msgstr ""
+"Aussi, pour répondre d'une manière générale à la question « Cela
s'applique-"
+"t-il aux ordinateurs embarqués ? »… Après réflexion j'en suis
arrivé "
+"à la conclusion que si de nouveaux logiciels peuvent être chargés dans cet
"
+"ordinateur, c'est manifestement un ordinateur. C'est vraiment un ordinateur "
+"pour vous l'utilisateur. Et ça veut dire que vous devez avoir la liberté "
+"d'en contrôler les logiciels. Mais plus récemment a surgi une autre "
+"question : si l'appareil peut parler au réseau, que ce soit Internet ou le "
+"réseau de téléphonie mobile ou quoi que ce soit d'autre, s'il peut parler
à "
+"d'autres personnes, vous ne savez pas s'il n'est pas en train de vous "
+"espionner. Aussi doit-il être équipé de logiciel libre. Considérez par "
+"exemple les téléphones portables. Vous ne devriez pas utiliser de portable
à "
+"moins que son logiciel ne soit libre. Il y a vraiment eu des fonctionnalités
"
+"malveillantes dangereuses dans les téléphones portables. Il y en a en
Europe "
+"dans lesquels un dispositif permet à quelqu'un de dire à distance au "
+"téléphone de vous écouter. C'est vraiment un dispositif espion dans le
sens "
+"le plus classique. Et si vous avez un portable, savez-vous qui pourrait vous "
+"espionner à tout moment ? Vous ne savez pas, à moins que le logiciel à "
+"l'intérieur ne soit libre. Aussi, devons-nous exiger d'avoir du logiciel "
+"libre dans ces téléphones. C'est l'une des raisons pour lesquelles je ne "
+"m'en servirai jamais â parce que le réseau de téléphonie mobile est un "
+"dispositif de surveillance. Il peut enregistrer là où vous allez. Il peut "
+"garder une trace permanente des endroits où vous avez été à chaque
instant. "
+"Et je pense que c'est une telle menace contre notre liberté que nous devons "
+"refuser d'avoir ces téléphones. Ils sont dangereux, c'est du poison."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-So, the general rule is, if people ask me the question, “Does this
+# | apply to computers that are embedded?” I thought about this and I
+# | reached the conclusion, that if new software can be loaded into this
+# | computer, then it's visibly a computer, it really is a computer, for you
+# | the user. And that means you must have the freedom to control the
+# | software. But more recently, another issue is arising, that if the device
+# | can talk to the network, whether that's the Internet, or the cell phone
+# | network, or whatever. If it can talk to other people, then you don't know
+# | whether it is spying on you. So, it has to be free software. Consider for
+# | instance, portable phones. You shouldn't use a portable, unless the
+# | software is free. There really have been dangerous malicious features, in
+# | portable phones.-]There are portable phones in Europe which have this
+# | feature, that somebody can remotely tell the phone to listen to you. It
+# | really is a spy device, in the most classical sense. And if you have a
+# | portable phone, do you know who could be spying on you at any time? You
+# | don't unless you are… unless the software in your portable phone is
+# | a free software. So, we must insist on free software for this portable
+# | phones. That's just one of the reasons I won't use a portable phone.
+# | Because the portable phone network is a surveillance device. It can keep
+# | records of where you go. It can keep a permanent record of where you have
+# | been at all the time. And I think this is so dangerous such as threat to
+# | our freedom, that we must refuse to have these phones. They're dangerous,
+# | they're poison.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, the general rule is, if people ask me the question, “Does this "
+#| "apply to computers that are embedded?” I thought about this and I "
+#| "reached the conclusion, that if new software can be loaded into this "
+#| "computer, then it's visibly a computer, it really is a computer, for you "
+#| "the user. And that means you must have the freedom to control the "
+#| "software. But more recently, another issue is arising, that if the device "
+#| "can talk to the network, whether that's the Internet, or the cell phone "
+#| "network, or whatever. If it can talk to other people, then you don't know "
+#| "whether it is spying on you. So, it has to be free software. Consider for "
+#| "instance, portable phones. You shouldn't use a portable, unless the "
+#| "software is free. There really have been dangerous malicious features, in "
+#| "portable phones. There are portable phones in Europe which have this "
+#| "feature, that somebody can remotely tell the phone to listen to you. It "
+#| "really is a spy device, in the most classical sense. And if you have a "
+#| "portable phone, do you know who could be spying on you at any time? You "
+#| "don't unless you are… unless the software in your portable phone "
+#| "is a free software. So, we must insist on free software for this portable "
+#| "phones. That's just one of the reasons I won't use a portable phone. "
+#| "Because the portable phone network is a surveillance device. It can keep "
+#| "records of where you go. It can keep a permanent record of where you have "
+#| "been at all the time. And I think this is so dangerous such as threat to "
+#| "our freedom, that we must refuse to have these phones. They're dangerous, "
+#| "they're poison."
+msgid ""
"There are portable phones in Europe which have this feature, that somebody "
"can remotely tell the phone to listen to you. It really is a spy device, in "
"the most classical sense. And if you have a portable phone, do you know who "
@@ -1834,6 +2953,46 @@
"pas être sûr que ce soit un logiciel libre mais c'en est probablement un."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Meanwhile, there are also the two movements and their philosophies. And
+# | these are very far apart. In the free software movement we have a
+# | philosophy based on freedom and ethics. We say that you must insist on
+# | free software so that you can live an up-right life and have freedom to
+# | help other people. The open source movement was formed specifically to
+# | avoid saying that, to reject our ethical principles. The open source
+# | movement doesn't say you should insist on open source software. They say
+# | that it may be convenient or advantageous. They sight practical values
+# | only. They say that they have a superior design… sorry a superior
+# | development model — superior in its shallow technical sense, that it
+# | usually produces technically better software. [-But that's the most they
+# | will say. They won't say that this is an ethical imperative, they won't
+# | say that software should be open source, they won't say that closed source
+# | software is an attempt to colonize you and you should escape. They won't
+# | say anything like that and in-fact the reason for their movement is
+# | specifically not to say that; to cover that up. And so when it comes to
+# | the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say are as
+# | different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy when
+# | anybody associates me or my work with open source.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Meanwhile, there are also the two movements and their philosophies. And "
+#| "these are very far apart. In the free software movement we have a "
+#| "philosophy based on freedom and ethics. We say that you must insist on "
+#| "free software so that you can live an up-right life and have freedom to "
+#| "help other people. The open source movement was formed specifically to "
+#| "avoid saying that, to reject our ethical principles. The open source "
+#| "movement doesn't say you should insist on open source software. They say "
+#| "that it may be convenient or advantageous. They sight practical values "
+#| "only. They say that they have a superior design… sorry a superior "
+#| "development model — superior in its shallow technical sense, that "
+#| "it usually produces technically better software. But that's the most they "
+#| "will say. They won't say that this is an ethical imperative, they won't "
+#| "say that software should be open source, they won't say that closed "
+#| "source software is an attempt to colonize you and you should escape. They "
+#| "won't say anything like that and in-fact the reason for their movement is "
+#| "specifically not to say that; to cover that up. And so when it comes to "
+#| "the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say are as "
+#| "different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy when "
+#| "anybody associates me or my work with open source."
msgid ""
"Meanwhile, there are also the two movements and their philosophies. And "
"these are very far apart. In the free software movement we have a philosophy "
@@ -1845,14 +3004,80 @@
"advantageous. They sight practical values only. They say that they have a "
"superior design… sorry a superior development model — superior "
"in its shallow technical sense, that it usually produces technically better "
-"software. But that's the most they will say. They won't say that this is an "
-"ethical imperative, they won't say that software should be open source, they "
-"won't say that closed source software is an attempt to colonize you and you "
-"should escape. They won't say anything like that and in-fact the reason for "
-"their movement is specifically not to say that; to cover that up. And so "
-"when it comes to the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say "
-"are as different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy "
-"when anybody associates me or my work with open source."
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans le même temps, il y a deux mouvements et leurs philosophies ; et elles
"
+"sont très éloignées l'une de l'autre. Dans le mouvement du logiciel libre "
+"nous avons une philosophie basée sur la liberté et l'éthique. Nous disons "
+"que vous devriez exiger le logiciel libre pour pouvoir vivre une vie honnête
"
+"et avoir la liberté d'aider les autres. Le mouvement open source a été "
+"précisément formé pour éviter de dire ça, pour rejeter nos principes "
+"éthiques. Les gens du mouvement open source ne disent pas que vous devriez "
+"exiger le logiciel open source. Ils disent qu'il peut être commode ou "
+"avantageux. Ils n'ont en vue que les valeurs pratiques. Ils disent qu'ils "
+"ont une conception supérieure… pardon, un modèle supérieur de "
+"développement, supérieur dans un sens technique, superficiel, c'est-à -dire
"
+"qu'il produit habituellement un logiciel techniquement meilleur. Mais c'est "
+"tout ce qu'ils vous diront. Ils ne diront pas que c'est un impératif "
+"éthique ; que le logiciel devrait être open source ; que le logiciel à "
+"source fermée est une tentative de vous coloniser et que vous devriez vous "
+"en échapper. Ils ne diront rien de ce genre. De fait, la raison de leur "
+"mouvement, c'est précisément de ne pas le faire, de le dissimuler. Et quand
"
+"on en revient à la base philosophique, ce qu'ils disent et ce que nous "
+"disons est aussi différent que le jour et la nuit. Et c'est pourquoi je suis
"
+"toujours très malheureux quand quiconque m'associe, moi ou mon travail, à "
+"l'open source."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Meanwhile, there are also the two movements and their philosophies. And
+# | these are very far apart. In the free software movement we have a
+# | philosophy based on freedom and ethics. We say that you must insist on
+# | free software so that you can live an up-right life and have freedom to
+# | help other people. The open source movement was formed specifically to
+# | avoid saying that, to reject our ethical principles. The open source
+# | movement doesn't say you should insist on open source software. They say
+# | that it may be convenient or advantageous. They sight practical values
+# | only. They say that they have a superior design… sorry a superior
+# | development model — superior in its shallow technical sense, that it
+# | usually produces technically better software.-]But that's the most they
+# | will say. They won't say that this is an ethical imperative, they won't
+# | say that software should be open source, they won't say that closed source
+# | software is an attempt to colonize you and you should escape. They won't
+# | say anything like that and in-fact the reason for their movement is
+# | specifically not to say that; to cover that up. And so when it comes to
+# | the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say are as
+# | different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy when
+# | anybody associates me or my work with open source.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Meanwhile, there are also the two movements and their philosophies. And "
+#| "these are very far apart. In the free software movement we have a "
+#| "philosophy based on freedom and ethics. We say that you must insist on "
+#| "free software so that you can live an up-right life and have freedom to "
+#| "help other people. The open source movement was formed specifically to "
+#| "avoid saying that, to reject our ethical principles. The open source "
+#| "movement doesn't say you should insist on open source software. They say "
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+#| "only. They say that they have a superior design… sorry a superior "
+#| "development model — superior in its shallow technical sense, that "
+#| "it usually produces technically better software. But that's the most they "
+#| "will say. They won't say that this is an ethical imperative, they won't "
+#| "say that software should be open source, they won't say that closed "
+#| "source software is an attempt to colonize you and you should escape. They "
+#| "won't say anything like that and in-fact the reason for their movement is "
+#| "specifically not to say that; to cover that up. And so when it comes to "
+#| "the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say are as "
+#| "different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy when "
+#| "anybody associates me or my work with open source."
+msgid ""
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+"comes to the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say are as "
+"different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy when "
+"anybody associates me or my work with open source."
msgstr ""
"Dans le même temps, il y a deux mouvements et leurs philosophies ; et elles
"
"sont très éloignées l'une de l'autre. Dans le mouvement du logiciel libre "
@@ -1909,6 +3134,48 @@
"d'entreprises concurrentes… »"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <b>[RMS interrupts]</b> No. That's false. That's false. Money is not
+# | essential for technological development, not in the software field. May be
+# | in an other field it is because other fields are much more difficult. It
+# | cause a lot of money to setup a factory to build hardware. Well, that
+# | requires an investment. But we have proved, in the free software movement
+# | we have proved that we can develop a wide range of software with out any
+# | investment. We proved this by doing it. There are about a million people
+# | contributing to the free software and most of them are volunteers. Large
+# | programs has been developed by volunteers, which proves that its not
+# | necessary to raise a lot of money. It's not necessary to have any money.
+# | [-Now I suppose that these volunteers are not starving, they are not
+# | living on the streets. They must have jobs. I don't know what their jobs
+# | are, but remember that if you look at all computer related employment,
+# | only a small fraction of that is programming. And most of that is custom
+# | software design, only a small fraction of that is developing software for
+# | publication. To be made available to the public. So there are lots of jobs
+# | these people might have to support themselves. So that they can spend some
+# | of their free time developing our free software. And this is not a problem
+# | as long as we develop lots of free software. And we do. The fact is we
+# | know this is not a problem.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>[RMS interrupts]</b> No. That's false. That's false. Money is not "
+#| "essential for technological development, not in the software field. May "
+#| "be in an other field it is because other fields are much more difficult. "
+#| "It cause a lot of money to setup a factory to build hardware. Well, that "
+#| "requires an investment. But we have proved, in the free software movement "
+#| "we have proved that we can develop a wide range of software with out any "
+#| "investment. We proved this by doing it. There are about a million people "
+#| "contributing to the free software and most of them are volunteers. Large "
+#| "programs has been developed by volunteers, which proves that its not "
+#| "necessary to raise a lot of money. It's not necessary to have any money. "
+#| "Now I suppose that these volunteers are not starving, they are not living "
+#| "on the streets. They must have jobs. I don't know what their jobs are, "
+#| "but remember that if you look at all computer related employment, only a "
+#| "small fraction of that is programming. And most of that is custom "
+#| "software design, only a small fraction of that is developing software for "
+#| "publication. To be made available to the public. So there are lots of "
+#| "jobs these people might have to support themselves. So that they can "
+#| "spend some of their free time developing our free software. And this is "
+#| "not a problem as long as we develop lots of free software. And we do. The "
+#| "fact is we know this is not a problem."
msgid ""
"<b>[RMS interrupts]</b> No. That's false. That's false. Money is not "
"essential for technological development, not in the software field. May be "
@@ -1919,14 +3186,83 @@
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-"to support themselves. So that they can spend some of their free time "
+"necessary to raise a lot of money. It's not necessary to have any money."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>[interruption de RMS ]</b>Â : Non. C'est faux. C'est faux. L'argent n'est "
+"pas essentiel pour le développement technologique, pas dans le secteur du "
+"logiciel. C'est sans doute le cas dans d'autres secteurs, parce qu'ils sont "
+"beaucoup plus difficiles. Cela coûte beaucoup d'argent d'installer une usine
"
+"pour construire du matériel. Oui, cela exige un investissement. Mais nous "
+"avons prouvé dans le mouvement du logiciel libre, nous avons montré que
nous "
+"pouvions développer un large éventail de logiciels sans aucun "
+"investissement. Nous l'avons prouvé en le faisant. Il y a environ un million
"
+"de personnes qui contribuent au logiciel libre et la plupart d'entre elles "
+"sont bénévoles. De grands programmes ont été développés par des
bénévoles, "
+"ce qui montre qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de lever des fonds importants. Il "
+"n'est pas nécessaire d'avoir de l'argent. Maintenant je suppose que ces "
+"bénévoles ont de quoi manger, qu'ils ne sont pas à la rue. Ils doivent
avoir "
+"un travail. Je ne sais pas en quoi consiste ce travail mais souvenez-vous "
+"que si vous considérez l'emploi en informatique, seule une petite fraction "
+"concerne la programmation. Il s'agit essentiellement de concevoir des "
+"logiciels personnalisés, dont seule une petite fraction est destinée Ã
être "
+"publiée, à être mise à la disposition du public. Donc il y a beaucoup "
+"d'emplois qui permettent aux gens de gagner leur vie. Ainsi ils peuvent "
+"passer une partie de leur temps libre à développer notre logiciel libre. "
+"Cela ne pose pas de problème du moment que nous développons un bon nombre
de "
+"ces logiciels libres. Et nous le faisons. De fait, nous savons que ce n'est "
+"pas un problème."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-<b>[RMS interrupts]</b> No. That's false. That's false. Money is not
+# | essential for technological development, not in the software field. May be
+# | in an other field it is because other fields are much more difficult. It
+# | cause a lot of money to setup a factory to build hardware. Well, that
+# | requires an investment. But we have proved, in the free software movement
+# | we have proved that we can develop a wide range of software with out any
+# | investment. We proved this by doing it. There are about a million people
+# | contributing to the free software and most of them are volunteers. Large
+# | programs has been developed by volunteers, which proves that its not
+# | necessary to raise a lot of money. It's not necessary to have any
+# | money.-]Now I suppose that these volunteers are not starving, they are not
+# | living on the streets. They must have jobs. I don't know what their jobs
+# | are, but remember that if you look at all computer related employment,
+# | only a small fraction of that is programming. And most of that is custom
+# | software design, only a small fraction of that is developing software for
+# | publication. To be made available to the public. So there are lots of jobs
+# | these people might have to support themselves. So that they can spend some
+# | of their free time developing our free software. And this is not a problem
+# | as long as we develop lots of free software. And we do. The fact is we
+# | know this is not a problem.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>[RMS interrupts]</b> No. That's false. That's false. Money is not "
+#| "essential for technological development, not in the software field. May "
+#| "be in an other field it is because other fields are much more difficult. "
+#| "It cause a lot of money to setup a factory to build hardware. Well, that "
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+#| "we have proved that we can develop a wide range of software with out any "
+#| "investment. We proved this by doing it. There are about a million people "
+#| "contributing to the free software and most of them are volunteers. Large "
+#| "programs has been developed by volunteers, which proves that its not "
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+#| "software design, only a small fraction of that is developing software for "
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+#| "spend some of their free time developing our free software. And this is "
+#| "not a problem as long as we develop lots of free software. And we do. The "
+#| "fact is we know this is not a problem."
+msgid ""
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"problem."
@@ -2031,62 +3367,38 @@
"people who develop free software should be rewarded and people who develop "
"non-free software should be punished. Because, free software is a "
"contribution to society but non-free software is a scheme to colonize "
-"society and that deserves punishment not reward. Another way to look at it "
-"is to realize that to use a non-free program is either to be foolish or "
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-"be evil or would be harmful. So it's better if you don't do it at all. Do "
-"something else. Because a few years from now sooner or later some one else "
-"will be in a different situation. Some one will be able to write this "
+"society and that deserves punishment not reward."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another way to look at it is to realize that to use a non-free program is "
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+"“I can only develop this program if I make it proprietary; that's the "
+"only way I can bring in enough money so that I can spend the time developing "
+"this program.” I'm not going to tell him that can't be true because I "
+"don't know his circumstances."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If he says that there is no way he can develop this program unless he has "
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+"is false because he knows his situation. What I will tell him is, “"
+"Please don't develop the program.” Developing the program in that way "
+"would be evil or would be harmful. So it's better if you don't do it at all. "
+"Do something else. Because a few years from now sooner or later some one "
+"else will be in a different situation. Some one will be able to write this "
"program with out subjugating the users. And we could afford to wait a few "
"years so that we keep our freedom. Freedom is worth a small sacrifice. We "
"can wait a few years."
msgstr ""
-"Je crois que des gens qui contribuent à la société ont… Eh bien,
les "
-"gens qui apportent une contribution à la société, c'est une bonne idée si
"
-"nous les récompensons pour ça. Et les gens qui font des choses nuisibles Ã
"
-"la société, c'est une bonne idée si nous trouvons des moyens de les punir.
"
-"Cela encouragera les gens à faire des choses qui contribuent à la société
et "
-"à ne pas faire de choses qui lui nuisent. Et donc les gens qui développent "
-"du logiciel libre devraient être récompensés et ceux qui développent du "
-"logiciel non libre devraient être punis, puisque le logiciel libre est une "
-"contribution à la société mais que le logiciel non libre est une magouille
"
-"pour la coloniser. Et cela mérite une punition, pas une récompense. Une "
-"autre manière de voir est de réaliser qu'utiliser un programme non libre "
-"revient à être idiot, ou à manquer d'éthique, ou les deux. Ce qui
signifie "
-"que, pour moi, ce programme non libre pourrait aussi bien n'être rien, parce
"
-"que je ne vais pas l'utiliser. Les gens qui ont une éthique, les gens qui "
-"tiennent à vivre une vie honnête vont le rejeter de toute façon. Ainsi ce "
-"programme n'est utilisé que par les nigauds qui n'ont pas une conscience "
-"très élevée. En quoi est-ce bon ? Supposons qu'une personne me dise :
« Je "
-"peux seulement développer ce programme si je le rends privateur ; c'est la "
-"seule manière pour moi de gagner assez d'argent pour passer du temps à le "
-"développer. » Je ne vais pas lui répondre que ça ne peut pas être vrai,
"
-"parce que je ne connais pas sa situation. Si elle dit qu'il n'y a aucun "
-"moyen de développer ce programme à moins d'être payée à plein temps et "
-"qu'elle ne sait pas comment faire autrement que de le rendre privateur, je "
-"ne vais pas lui répondre que c'est faux, parce qu'elle connaît sa propre "
-"situation. Ce que je lui répondrai, c'est : « Je vous en prie, ne
développez "
-"pas le programme. Développer le programme de cette façon serait mauvais ou "
-"serait nocif. Ainsi ça serait mieux si vous ne le faisiez pas du tout. "
-"Faites autre chose puisque dans quelques années, tôt ou tard, quelqu'un "
-"d'autre sera dans une situation différente, quelqu'un qui pourra écrire ce "
-"programme sans exercer une domination sur les utilisateurs. Et nous pouvons "
-"nous permettre d'attendre quelques années pour garder notre liberté. La "
-"liberté vaut bien un petit sacrifice. Nous pouvons attendre quelques "
-"années. »"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "So next question."
@@ -2102,6 +3414,47 @@
"du logiciel ? »"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <b>[RMS]</b> Well, he is mistaken. There are plenty of free books as well.
+# | In fact more and more the movement is catching on to makes books free,
+# | free as in freedom I mean. Now, we started doing this in the 1980's. The
+# | manuals for GNU software that are developed by the GNU project are all
+# | free in the sense that you are free to copy them. They are not gratis
+# | at-least not always. We print copies and we sell them and we sell them for
+# | more than the production cost because we're trying to raise money. So, you
+# | know, of course this was to produce re-charge this much because we're
+# | trying to raise substantial money with these books. But you are free to
+# | copy and change them. And you could even get the source code through the
+# | Internet, the source code for the books. [-And now we are not the only
+# | ones. There is now a movement for free text books. In-fact there are
+# | projects in India and elsewhere to develop free educational materials to
+# | make available to schools. A complete curriculum of free educational
+# | materials. Because educational materials should be free. And so I suggest
+# | that you look at the site <a
+# | href=\"http://gnowledge.org\";>gnowledge.org</a>. That's like knowledge but
+# | spells with a ‘g’ instead of a ‘k’. And you will
+# | see one of these initiatives being carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in
+# | Mumbai.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>[RMS]</b> Well, he is mistaken. There are plenty of free books as "
+#| "well. In fact more and more the movement is catching on to makes books "
+#| "free, free as in freedom I mean. Now, we started doing this in the "
+#| "1980's. The manuals for GNU software that are developed by the GNU "
+#| "project are all free in the sense that you are free to copy them. They "
+#| "are not gratis at-least not always. We print copies and we sell them and "
+#| "we sell them for more than the production cost because we're trying to "
+#| "raise money. So, you know, of course this was to produce re-charge this "
+#| "much because we're trying to raise substantial money with these books. "
+#| "But you are free to copy and change them. And you could even get the "
+#| "source code through the Internet, the source code for the books. And now "
+#| "we are not the only ones. There is now a movement for free text books. In-"
+#| "fact there are projects in India and elsewhere to develop free "
+#| "educational materials to make available to schools. A complete curriculum "
+#| "of free educational materials. Because educational materials should be "
+#| "free. And so I suggest that you look at the site <a href=\"http://";
+#| "gnowledge.org\">gnowledge.org</a>. That's like knowledge but spells with "
+#| "a ‘g’ instead of a ‘k’. And you will see one of "
+#| "these initiatives being carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai."
msgid ""
"<b>[RMS]</b> Well, he is mistaken. There are plenty of free books as well. "
"In fact more and more the movement is catching on to makes books free, free "
@@ -2113,15 +3466,7 @@
"this was to produce re-charge this much because we're trying to raise "
"substantial money with these books. But you are free to copy and change "
"them. And you could even get the source code through the Internet, the "
-"source code for the books. And now we are not the only ones. There is now a "
-"movement for free text books. In-fact there are projects in India and "
-"elsewhere to develop free educational materials to make available to "
-"schools. A complete curriculum of free educational materials. Because "
-"educational materials should be free. And so I suggest that you look at the "
-"site <a href=\"http://gnowledge.org\";>gnowledge.org</a>. That's like "
-"knowledge but spells with a ‘g’ instead of a ‘k’. "
-"And you will see one of these initiatives being carried out by Prof. "
-"Nagarjuna in Mumbai."
+"source code for the books."
msgstr ""
"<b>[RMS]</b>Â : Eh bien, il fait erreur. Il y a beaucoup de livres libres "
"aussi. En fait, de plus en plus, le mouvement se propage aux livres pour les "
@@ -2146,6 +3491,18 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"And now we are not the only ones. There is now a movement for free text "
+"books. In-fact there are projects in India and elsewhere to develop free "
+"educational materials to make available to schools. A complete curriculum of "
+"free educational materials. Because educational materials should be free. "
+"And so I suggest that you look at the site <a href=\"http://gnowledge.org";
+"\">gnowledge.org</a>. That's like knowledge but spells with a ‘"
+"g’ instead of a ‘k’. And you will see one of these "
+"initiatives being carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Also, I should mention the free encyclopedia — Wikipedia. It's the "
"largest encyclopedia in history. I believe, it now has more than a hundred "
"and sixty thousand entries. Which is far more than any other encyclopedia "
@@ -2230,6 +3587,41 @@
"est si courant qu'ils supposent qu'il doit bien fonctionner."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Do you think that people use Windows because it is good? What a ridiculous
+# | idea. People use Windows because other people use Windows and that's the
+# | only reason. Well, no that's not the only reason… they use Windows
+# | because it comes on their computers. These are the two reasons. The only
+# | reason that… let any one… one thing in the usual thing why
+# | does some alternative survive; only because it's better. Free software has
+# | to be twice as good. In order to get practically minded people to choose
+# | it. Of course you can hear my scorn in the term practically minded. These
+# | are people who don't value their freedom. [-They're fools. A fool and this
+# | freedom are soon parted. But there are plenty of fools; especially in a
+# | lot of organizations are people who believe that they are not supposed to
+# | pay attention to ethics or freedom. They are only supposed to pay
+# | attention to short-term practicalities. Which is a recipe for making bad
+# | decisions. For hurting society. But that's the way they are. So why is it
+# | that even those people some times choose free software? Because it has
+# | practical advantages. For instances it's powerful and it's reliable.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do you think that people use Windows because it is good? What a "
+#| "ridiculous idea. People use Windows because other people use Windows and "
+#| "that's the only reason. Well, no that's not the only reason… they "
+#| "use Windows because it comes on their computers. These are the two "
+#| "reasons. The only reason that… let any one… one thing in "
+#| "the usual thing why does some alternative survive; only because it's "
+#| "better. Free software has to be twice as good. In order to get "
+#| "practically minded people to choose it. Of course you can hear my scorn "
+#| "in the term practically minded. These are people who don't value their "
+#| "freedom. They're fools. A fool and this freedom are soon parted. But "
+#| "there are plenty of fools; especially in a lot of organizations are "
+#| "people who believe that they are not supposed to pay attention to ethics "
+#| "or freedom. They are only supposed to pay attention to short-term "
+#| "practicalities. Which is a recipe for making bad decisions. For hurting "
+#| "society. But that's the way they are. So why is it that even those people "
+#| "some times choose free software? Because it has practical advantages. For "
+#| "instances it's powerful and it's reliable."
msgid ""
"Do you think that people use Windows because it is good? What a ridiculous "
"idea. People use Windows because other people use Windows and that's the "
@@ -2239,14 +3631,72 @@
"does some alternative survive; only because it's better. Free software has "
"to be twice as good. In order to get practically minded people to choose it. "
"Of course you can hear my scorn in the term practically minded. These are "
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-"hurting society. But that's the way they are. So why is it that even those "
-"people some times choose free software? Because it has practical advantages. "
-"For instances it's powerful and it's reliable."
+"people who don't value their freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Pensez-vous que les gens utilisent Windows parce qu'il est bon ? Quelle
idée "
+"ridicule. Ils utilisent Windows parce que les autres utilisent Windows et "
+"c'est la seule raison. En fait non, ce n'est pas la seule raison… Ils "
+"utilisent Windows parce qu'il vient avec leurs ordinateurs. Ce sont les deux "
+"raisons. La seule raison pour laquelle… certaines alternatives "
+"survivent, c'est qu'elles sont meilleures. Le logiciel libre doit être deux "
+"fois meilleur pour que les gens qui ont l'esprit pratique le choisissent. "
+"Naturellement, vous pouvez entendre mon mépris dans le terme « esprit "
+"pratique ». Ce sont des gens qui ne donnent pas de valeur à leur liberté.
Ce "
+"sont des idiots. Un idiot et sa liberté se séparent très vite. Mais il y a
"
+"beaucoup d'idiots, en particulier dans de nombreuses organisations où les "
+"gens croient qu'ils ne sont pas censés prêter attention à l'éthique ni Ã
la "
+"liberté ; qu'ils sont seulement censés prêter attention aux aspects "
+"pratiques à court terme, ce qui est une recette pour prendre de mauvaises "
+"décisions, pour causer du tort à la société. Mais c'est comme ça qu'ils "
+"sont. Alors pourquoi ces même personnes choisissent-elles parfois le "
+"logiciel libre ? Parce qu'il a des avantages pratiques. Par exemple, il est "
+"puissant et il est fiable."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Do you think that people use Windows because it is good? What a
+# | ridiculous idea. People use Windows because other people use Windows and
+# | that's the only reason. Well, no that's not the only reason… they
+# | use Windows because it comes on their computers. These are the two
+# | reasons. The only reason that… let any one… one thing in the
+# | usual thing why does some alternative survive; only because it's better.
+# | Free software has to be twice as good. In order to get practically minded
+# | people to choose it. Of course you can hear my scorn in the term
+# | practically minded. These are people who don't value their
+# | freedom.-]They're fools. A fool and this freedom are soon parted. But
+# | there are plenty of fools; especially in a lot of organizations are people
+# | who believe that they are not supposed to pay attention to ethics or
+# | freedom. They are only supposed to pay attention to short-term
+# | practicalities. Which is a recipe for making bad decisions. For hurting
+# | society. But that's the way they are. So why is it that even those people
+# | some times choose free software? Because it has practical advantages. For
+# | instances it's powerful and it's reliable.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Do you think that people use Windows because it is good? What a "
+#| "ridiculous idea. People use Windows because other people use Windows and "
+#| "that's the only reason. Well, no that's not the only reason… they "
+#| "use Windows because it comes on their computers. These are the two "
+#| "reasons. The only reason that… let any one… one thing in "
+#| "the usual thing why does some alternative survive; only because it's "
+#| "better. Free software has to be twice as good. In order to get "
+#| "practically minded people to choose it. Of course you can hear my scorn "
+#| "in the term practically minded. These are people who don't value their "
+#| "freedom. They're fools. A fool and this freedom are soon parted. But "
+#| "there are plenty of fools; especially in a lot of organizations are "
+#| "people who believe that they are not supposed to pay attention to ethics "
+#| "or freedom. They are only supposed to pay attention to short-term "
+#| "practicalities. Which is a recipe for making bad decisions. For hurting "
+#| "society. But that's the way they are. So why is it that even those people "
+#| "some times choose free software? Because it has practical advantages. For "
+#| "instances it's powerful and it's reliable."
+msgid ""
+"They're fools. A fool and this freedom are soon parted. But there are plenty "
+"of fools; especially in a lot of organizations are people who believe that "
+"they are not supposed to pay attention to ethics or freedom. They are only "
+"supposed to pay attention to short-term practicalities. Which is a recipe "
+"for making bad decisions. For hurting society. But that's the way they are. "
+"So why is it that even those people some times choose free software? Because "
+"it has practical advantages. For instances it's powerful and it's reliable."
msgstr ""
"Pensez-vous que les gens utilisent Windows parce qu'il est bon ? Quelle
idée "
"ridicule. Ils utilisent Windows parce que les autres utilisent Windows et "
@@ -2283,6 +3733,46 @@
"économique dans le logiciel ? »"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <b>[RMS]</b> This is utterly foolish. First of all, remember that I
+# | explain that free software is a matter of freedom not price. Free software
+# | does not mean that it is gratis. But sometimes it's gratis. On the other
+# | hand some time you can get non-free software gratis. That doesn't make it
+# | ethically legitimate, because it's still tramples your freedom. It still
+# | keeps you divided and helpless, even if you didn't have to pay. Schools in
+# | India can get Windows gratis. But it's still harmful. So the issue is not
+# | about price. The issue is about whether the software respects your
+# | freedom. And this… this… idea there is some kind of balance.
+# | I don't know what in the world he is talking about? But remember if a
+# | business is making money by subjugating people, that's bad, that's some
+# | thing we should bring to an end. [-There are many businesses that operate
+# | by mistreating people. And those businesses are bad. They don't have a
+# | right to continue. They deserved to be brought to an end. I won't say that
+# | non-free software is the biggest such problem. Because, you know child
+# | labor is very common but I don't think that's mostly free software
+# | development. I think it's mostly other things. There are many ways that a
+# | business can be… can operate that is harmful to society. And we
+# | have to put in an end to that.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<b>[RMS]</b> This is utterly foolish. First of all, remember that I "
+#| "explain that free software is a matter of freedom not price. Free "
+#| "software does not mean that it is gratis. But sometimes it's gratis. On "
+#| "the other hand some time you can get non-free software gratis. That "
+#| "doesn't make it ethically legitimate, because it's still tramples your "
+#| "freedom. It still keeps you divided and helpless, even if you didn't have "
+#| "to pay. Schools in India can get Windows gratis. But it's still harmful. "
+#| "So the issue is not about price. The issue is about whether the software "
+#| "respects your freedom. And this… this… idea there is some "
+#| "kind of balance. I don't know what in the world he is talking about? But "
+#| "remember if a business is making money by subjugating people, that's bad, "
+#| "that's some thing we should bring to an end. There are many businesses "
+#| "that operate by mistreating people. And those businesses are bad. They "
+#| "don't have a right to continue. They deserved to be brought to an end. I "
+#| "won't say that non-free software is the biggest such problem. Because, "
+#| "you know child labor is very common but I don't think that's mostly free "
+#| "software development. I think it's mostly other things. There are many "
+#| "ways that a business can be… can operate that is harmful to "
+#| "society. And we have to put in an end to that."
msgid ""
"<b>[RMS]</b> This is utterly foolish. First of all, remember that I explain "
"that free software is a matter of freedom not price. Free software does not "
@@ -2295,13 +3785,7 @@
"this… this… idea there is some kind of balance. I don't know "
"what in the world he is talking about? But remember if a business is making "
"money by subjugating people, that's bad, that's some thing we should bring "
-"to an end. There are many businesses that operate by mistreating people. And "
-"those businesses are bad. They don't have a right to continue. They deserved "
-"to be brought to an end. I won't say that non-free software is the biggest "
-"such problem. Because, you know child labor is very common but I don't think "
-"that's mostly free software development. I think it's mostly other things. "
-"There are many ways that a business can be… can operate that is "
-"harmful to society. And we have to put in an end to that."
+"to an end."
msgstr ""
"<strong>[RMS]</strong> : C'est tout à fait idiot. Tout d'abord, rappelez-"
"vous, j'ai expliqué que le logiciel libre est une question de liberté, pas "
@@ -2327,6 +3811,17 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"There are many businesses that operate by mistreating people. And those "
+"businesses are bad. They don't have a right to continue. They deserved to be "
+"brought to an end. I won't say that non-free software is the biggest such "
+"problem. Because, you know child labor is very common but I don't think "
+"that's mostly free software development. I think it's mostly other things. "
+"There are many ways that a business can be… can operate that is "
+"harmful to society. And we have to put in an end to that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"Or in looking at Coca Cola, poisoning people, while draining away the water "
"supply from the people. And not only that; they murder union organizers in "
"Colombia. So, there is a world wide boycott of Coca Cola company. Coca Cola "
@@ -2625,6 +4120,46 @@
"fonctionne pas sur un système d'exploitation libre."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | And in particular you should be careful about Sun's Java platform. Never
+# | use Sun's Java platform to develop software. And at least not develop free
+# | software because Sun's Java program is not free. There are free Java
+# | platforms, but they don't have all the capabilities of the Sun's Java
+# | platform. So the danger is if you are using the Sun's Java platform you
+# | might use some features we don't have yet. And you wouldn't even know it.
+# | You won't notice because you won't notice a problem because it will work.
+# | It will work on Sun's platform. So then several months later you'll try
+# | the program on our platform and find that you did months work based on a
+# | feature we don't have and you will say “Oh! it would be so much work
+# | to redo that; that I can't do it.” [-So then your program won't run
+# | on a free platform at all. At least not until years go by and we have
+# | implemented a replacement for that feature. So you should use our free
+# | Java platform to develop that. Use the GNU Java platform… the GNU
+# | Java compiler and use the GNU Classpath as the libraries. Don't use Sun's
+# | Java Libraries, they are not free. So this way if you ever start to use a
+# | standard Java feature that we don't have, you'll find out immediately. And
+# | you'll be able to choose some other way of solving the problem with out
+# | wasting a lot of time.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And in particular you should be careful about Sun's Java platform. Never "
+#| "use Sun's Java platform to develop software. And at least not develop "
+#| "free software because Sun's Java program is not free. There are free Java "
+#| "platforms, but they don't have all the capabilities of the Sun's Java "
+#| "platform. So the danger is if you are using the Sun's Java platform you "
+#| "might use some features we don't have yet. And you wouldn't even know it. "
+#| "You won't notice because you won't notice a problem because it will work. "
+#| "It will work on Sun's platform. So then several months later you'll try "
+#| "the program on our platform and find that you did months work based on a "
+#| "feature we don't have and you will say “Oh! it would be so much "
+#| "work to redo that; that I can't do it.” So then your program won't "
+#| "run on a free platform at all. At least not until years go by and we have "
+#| "implemented a replacement for that feature. So you should use our free "
+#| "Java platform to develop that. Use the GNU Java platform… the GNU "
+#| "Java compiler and use the GNU Classpath as the libraries. Don't use Sun's "
+#| "Java Libraries, they are not free. So this way if you ever start to use a "
+#| "standard Java feature that we don't have, you'll find out immediately. "
+#| "And you'll be able to choose some other way of solving the problem with "
+#| "out wasting a lot of time."
msgid ""
"And in particular you should be careful about Sun's Java platform. Never use "
"Sun's Java platform to develop software. And at least not develop free "
@@ -2636,14 +4171,7 @@
"will work on Sun's platform. So then several months later you'll try the "
"program on our platform and find that you did months work based on a feature "
"we don't have and you will say “Oh! it would be so much work to redo "
-"that; that I can't do it.” So then your program won't run on a free "
-"platform at all. At least not until years go by and we have implemented a "
-"replacement for that feature. So you should use our free Java platform to "
-"develop that. Use the GNU Java platform… the GNU Java compiler and "
-"use the GNU Classpath as the libraries. Don't use Sun's Java Libraries, they "
-"are not free. So this way if you ever start to use a standard Java feature "
-"that we don't have, you'll find out immediately. And you'll be able to "
-"choose some other way of solving the problem with out wasting a lot of time."
+"that; that I can't do it.”"
msgstr ""
"Et en particulier vous devriez faire attention au sujet de la plateforme "
"Java de Sun. N'utilisez jamais cette plateforme pour développer du logiciel.
"
@@ -2670,6 +4198,18 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"So then your program won't run on a free platform at all. At least not until "
+"years go by and we have implemented a replacement for that feature. So you "
+"should use our free Java platform to develop that. Use the GNU Java "
+"platform… the GNU Java compiler and use the GNU Classpath as the "
+"libraries. Don't use Sun's Java Libraries, they are not free. So this way if "
+"you ever start to use a standard Java feature that we don't have, you'll "
+"find out immediately. And you'll be able to choose some other way of solving "
+"the problem with out wasting a lot of time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"<b>[MOC]</b> What do you think is the greatest obstacle for free software in "
"India? How do we break them up?"
msgstr ""
@@ -2935,6 +4475,171 @@
msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Now, none of these is a question of price. Free software does not mean "
+#~ "you can get it at zero price. In fact it is perfectly legitimate for "
+#~ "people to sell copies. That's an example of freedom two, freedom two is "
+#~ "the freedom to make copies and distribute it to others. That includes "
+#~ "selling them if you wish. You are free to make copies and sell them. It "
+#~ "is true that typically people won't pay a large amount of money for their "
+#~ "copies, because they know that can find someone else can give him a copy, "
+#~ "so most people won't pay very much for a copy. They might pay a certain "
+#~ "amount you know if the price is small enough, if it is easier them for "
+#~ "them to pay it, than to go hunt around and go to the trouble of getting a "
+#~ "copy gratis. There are people sell copies, and they make some money with "
+#~ "it. But people generally can't do is hold the users to ransom, squeezing "
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+#~ "Cela dit, aucune n'a à voir avec le prix. « Libre » ne signifie pas
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+#~ "parfaitement légitime que les gens en vendent des copies ; c'est un "
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+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "I believe that people who contribute to society made it… "
+#~ "Well… People contribute to society it's a good idea if we reward "
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+#~ "Another way to look at it is to realize that to use a non-free program is "
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+#~ "that's the only way I can bring in enough money so that I can spend the "
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+#~ "develop the program.” Developing the program in that way would be "
+#~ "evil or would be harmful. So it's better if you don't do it at all. Do "
+#~ "something else. Because a few years from now sooner or later some one "
+#~ "else will be in a different situation. Some one will be able to write "
+#~ "this program with out subjugating the users. And we could afford to wait "
+#~ "a few years so that we keep our freedom. Freedom is worth a small "
+#~ "sacrifice. We can wait a few years."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Je crois que des gens qui contribuent à la société ont… Eh bien,
"
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+#~ "idée si nous les récompensons pour ça. Et les gens qui font des choses "
+#~ "nuisibles à la société, c'est une bonne idée si nous trouvons des
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+#~ "de les punir. Cela encouragera les gens à faire des choses qui "
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+#~ "n'est utilisé que par les nigauds qui n'ont pas une conscience très "
+#~ "élevée. En quoi est-ce bon ? Supposons qu'une personne me dise : «Â
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+#~ "privateur, je ne vais pas lui répondre que c'est faux, parce qu'elle "
+#~ "connaît sa propre situation. Ce que je lui répondrai, c'est : « Je
vous "
+#~ "en prie, ne développez pas le programme. Développer le programme de
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+#~ "pour garder notre liberté. La liberté vaut bien un petit sacrifice. Nous
"
+#~ "pouvons attendre quelques années. »"
+
+#~ msgid ""
#~ "Copyright © 2004 Vijay Kumar <br />Verbatim copying and distribution "
#~ "of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice "
#~ "is preserved. <br />Contributors (in alphabetical order): Krishnan, "
Index: philosophy/po/nit-india.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/nit-india.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:32 -0000 1.8
+++ philosophy/po/nit-india.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000 1.9
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: nit-india.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -258,13 +258,17 @@
"install this program and it will display these ads. They figure that most of "
"the users won't notice, they won't will be able to figure out. They figure "
"you will install several programs and you won't know which one changed your "
-"computer's configuration. Or that you won't know how to undo it. Of course, "
-"if it were free software this could be fixed. I will get to that in a "
-"minute. But sometimes they get even worse. Sometimes programs have features "
-"designed to stop you from doing things. Software developers like to talk "
-"about how their programs could do things for you. But sometimes they design "
-"programs that will refuse to do things for you. This is often called DRM "
-"— Digital Restrictions Management. Where programs are designed to "
+"computer's configuration. Or that you won't know how to undo it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, if it were free software this could be fixed. I will get to that "
+"in a minute. But sometimes they get even worse. Sometimes programs have "
+"features designed to stop you from doing things. Software developers like to "
+"talk about how their programs could do things for you. But sometimes they "
+"design programs that will refuse to do things for you. This is often called "
+"DRM — Digital Restrictions Management. Where programs are designed to "
"refuse to access files for you, to refuse to let you save files, or copy "
"files or convert files."
msgstr ""
@@ -304,15 +308,20 @@
"or an accident. Either way you can find it, and then you can fix the program "
"to get rid of it. You can make the program better. With non-free software "
"you are just helpless. But with free software you have power over your "
-"computer. You are in control. But freedom one is not enough. Freedom one is "
-"the freedom, to personally study the source code and then change it to do "
-"what you want. That is the freedom to help yourself. But freedom one is not "
-"enough, because first of all there are millions of people who use computers "
-"but do not know how to program. Freedom one is not enough for them. They "
-"don't how to personally study the source code and change it to do what they "
-"want. But even for us programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there "
-"are so many programs. Nobody has time to study them all, and master them "
-"all, to be able to make changes in each one of them."
+"computer. You are in control."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But freedom one is not enough. Freedom one is the freedom, to personally "
+"study the source code and then change it to do what you want. That is the "
+"freedom to help yourself. But freedom one is not enough, because first of "
+"all there are millions of people who use computers but do not know how to "
+"program. Freedom one is not enough for them. They don't how to personally "
+"study the source code and change it to do what they want. But even for us "
+"programmers freedom one is not enough. Because there are so many "
+"programs. Nobody has time to study them all, and master them all, to be able "
+"to make changes in each one of them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -434,10 +443,14 @@
"attacking ships are really really bad but helping your neighbor is good and "
"must be encouraged and what does it mean when the start making harsh "
"punishments for people who share with their neighbors. How much fear is it "
-"going to take before people are too scared to help their neighbors. Do you "
-"want to be living in a society filled with this level of terror. The only "
-"… for what they are doing is terror campaign. In 2 countries so far "
-"in Argentina and then in Germany, these companies, the developers of "
+"going to take before people are too scared to help their neighbors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Do you want to be living in a society filled with this level of terror. The "
+"only … for what they are doing is terror campaign. In 2 countries so "
+"far in Argentina and then in Germany, these companies, the developers of "
"non-free software have sent public threats, threatening people would be "
"raped in prison for using unauthorized copies of software. The only thing "
"you can call it when people are threatening others will rape is a terror "
@@ -455,14 +468,18 @@
"comes to you and says, could I have a copy of this program. You are now in a "
"moral dilemma, where you have to choose between two evils. One evil is make "
"a copy help your neighbor, but you violate the license, the other evil is "
-"you follow the license but you are a bad neighbor. They are both wrong, so "
-"you have to choose the lesser evil, the lesser evil in my opinion is to "
-"share with your neighbor and violate the license. Because your neigh "
-"deserves… presuming this person had done nothing wrong, hasn't "
-"mistreated you, then he deserves your cooperation. Where as, who ever tried "
-"to divide you from your neighbors is doing something very very wrong and "
-"doesn't deserve your cooperation, so if you got to do something wrong, you "
-"got to do it to somebody who deserves it."
+"you follow the license but you are a bad neighbor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They are both wrong, so you have to choose the lesser evil, the lesser evil "
+"in my opinion is to share with your neighbor and violate the "
+"license. Because your neigh deserves… presuming this person had done "
+"nothing wrong, hasn't mistreated you, then he deserves your "
+"cooperation. Where as, who ever tried to divide you from your neighbors is "
+"doing something very very wrong and doesn't deserve your cooperation, so if "
+"you got to do something wrong, you got to do it to somebody who deserves it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -524,36 +541,50 @@
"very much for a copy. They might pay a certain amount you know if the price "
"is small enough, if it is easier them for them to pay it, than to go hunt "
"around and go to the trouble of getting a copy gratis. There are people sell "
-"copies, and they make some money with it. But people generally can't do is "
-"hold the users to ransom, squeezing a lots of painful money out of them, "
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-"computer use, in a country with lots of poor people, because authorized "
-"copies of the software can cost more than the computer. Now the computer can "
-"cost this much and the authorized copies of software can cost this "
-"much. Well, there are lots of people in India who might be able to afford "
-"the computer, but couldn't possibly afford the software, because they can "
-"just barely afford a computer. So free software can make a big difference in "
-"terms of who in India can get a computer and run it. We don't see this yet, "
-"because a lot of people in India are using unauthorized copies. I don't "
-"think it is wrong to use unauthorized copies, but we can see the developers "
-"of non-free software are trying to make this impossible. They have two "
-"different ways, one is the terror campaign you know threatening to rape "
-"people in prison, and the other one is technical changes that can prevent "
-"the unauthorized copies from running, making people register in order for "
-"the software to run, you can see this in Windows XP, and there are more such "
-"measures coming. So what we can expect is, that it would be harder and "
-"harder in India to get by using unauthorized copies. And that means computer "
-"use in India and computer users in India are heading for a train wreck. They "
-"are on a course that leads to disaster and the thing that India needs to "
-"build is, start making effort to get on to the other track, to get on to the "
-"free software track, the track that escapes from this problem. So every "
-"social institutions in India, every government agency, every school, every "
+"copies, and they make some money with it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But people generally can't do is hold the users to ransom, squeezing a lots "
+"of painful money out of them, because at that point the users will "
+"redistribute copies to each other, they will make the effort. So free "
+"software can't be used to squeeze money out of people in a way that hurts "
+"society. But it doesn't mean that no money ever changes hands it does not "
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+"country with lots of poor people, because authorized copies of the software "
+"can cost more than the computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now the computer can cost this much and the authorized copies of software "
+"can cost this much. Well, there are lots of people in India who might be "
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+"because they can just barely afford a computer. So free software can make a "
+"big difference in terms of who in India can get a computer and run it. We "
+"don't see this yet, because a lot of people in India are using unauthorized "
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+"order for the software to run, you can see this in Windows XP, and there are "
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+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So what we can expect is, that it would be harder and harder in India to get "
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msgstr ""
@@ -664,9 +695,14 @@
"colonialism. The developers… Instead of one country colonizing "
"another, it is various companies trying to colonize the whole world. And "
"they do this, using divide conquer tactics. Keeping the user divided and "
-"helpless. And if you think about it, that is what a non-free program does, "
-"it keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided, because you are forbidden "
-"to distribute copies to other people, forbidden to help your neighbor. And "
+"helpless."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And if you think about it, that is what a non-free program does, it keeps "
+"the users divided and helpless. Divided, because you are forbidden to "
+"distribute copies to other people, forbidden to help your neighbor. And "
"helpless, because you can't get the source code and change it. So, with this "
"divide and conquer policy, you also see the policy of using the local "
"[45:20] ???? to keep everyone else inline. So Microsoft offers special "
@@ -708,8 +744,12 @@
"this is not the way to write clear code. Non-free software doesn't help you "
"do this. Non-free software just keeps you in the dark. But if the schools of "
"India switched to free software, then they can offer the students the "
-"opportunity to learn to be good programmers. To learn the same way I "
-"learnt. In the 1970s, I had a special opportunity. I worked at the AI lab at "
+"opportunity to learn to be good programmers. To learn the same way I learnt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the 1970s, I had a special opportunity. I worked at the AI lab at "
"<abbr>MIT</abbr>. And there, we had our own time sharing system, which was "
"free software. We would share with anybody. In fact, we were delighted "
"anytime when somebody was interested in any part of it. We were delighted "
@@ -749,15 +789,19 @@
"part was that some people from Microsoft were waiting to see him next. I am "
"sure when he spoke with them… that this comparison will go through "
"his mind, as they try to convince him to do something or other, as they "
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-"that meeting, of course I don't know; because I wasn't there in his "
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-"through his minds, he would have had some effect and I hope it will have "
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-"say no. When somebody invites you to join in a free software movement, where "
-"we weave our own code together, that you'll recognize that this is the way "
-"to put an end to colonialism."
+"offered some kind of inducement to help keep India inline."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"What happened in that meeting, of course I don't know; because I wasn't "
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msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -782,15 +826,19 @@
"and run it was to sign a contract promising to betray your neighbors. How "
"could there be an alternative? The only way to have an alternative, the only "
"way to use a computer and within freedom, was to write a free operating "
-"system. So I decided I would do that. I was an operating system developer, "
-"I've the skills to undertake this project. So I decided I would write free "
-"operating system, or die trying, presumably of old age. Because at that "
-"time, the free software movement which was just beginning, had no "
-"enemies. We just had a lot of work to do. So I decided that I would develop "
-"a free operating system and I decided to make it a Unix like operating "
-"system. So that it would be portable and so that Unix users would be having "
-"easy times switching over to this operating system that would give them "
-"freedom."
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I decided I would do that. I was an operating system developer, I've the "
+"skills to undertake this project. So I decided I would write free operating "
+"system, or die trying, presumably of old age. Because at that time, the free "
+"software movement which was just beginning, had no enemies. We just had a "
+"lot of work to do. So I decided that I would develop a free operating system "
+"and I decided to make it a Unix like operating system. So that it would be "
+"portable and so that Unix users would be having easy times switching over to "
+"this operating system that would give them freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -805,20 +853,24 @@
"which makes it the best possible name for anything. I should explain that "
"the word GNU is the name of an animal that was in Africa. We use the animal "
"as our symbol. So if you see a smiling animal with some horns that is "
-"associated with our software, that's a gnu. So 20 years and 1 month ago, in "
-"January 1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began developing the GNU "
-"system. I didn't do it all myself, of course, I was also trying to recruit "
-"other people to help and gradually over the years more and more people "
-"joined in. During the 1980s, well we had only a few parts of the GNU system; "
-"some of these parts were superior and so people would take them and install "
-"them on their non-free systems. For instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and "
-"the GNU C compiler. These were programs that people would learn even on top "
-"of their non-free Unix system. But our real goal was not just to have a few "
-"popular programs, the goal was to make a complete system. So that we should "
-"reject the non-free systems; reject non-free software, escape from the "
-"bondage of non-free software. So we kept filling in these gaps in the system "
-"and by the early 90s we had just one important gap remaining and that was "
-"the kernel."
+"associated with our software, that's a gnu."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So 20 years and 1 month ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at "
+"<abbr>MIT</abbr> and began developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all "
+"myself, of course, I was also trying to recruit other people to help and "
+"gradually over the years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s, "
+"well we had only a few parts of the GNU system; some of these parts were "
+"superior and so people would take them and install them on their non-free "
+"systems. For instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU C "
+"compiler. These were programs that people would learn even on top of their "
+"non-free Unix system. But our real goal was not just to have a few popular "
+"programs, the goal was to make a complete system. So that we should reject "
+"the non-free systems; reject non-free software, escape from the bondage of "
+"non-free software. So we kept filling in these gaps in the system and by the "
+"early 90s we had just one important gap remaining and that was the kernel."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -885,10 +937,14 @@
"I can copy it. Because every computer is a copier for software. And I don't "
"need any special facilities to be able to study the plans and change them. I "
"just need to understand programming. Then I can read the source code, as "
-"long as the developer will let me have a copy of the source code. But "
-"hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make computers, by putting them "
-"into a universal copier. You know, if somebody gives you one CPU chip, you "
-"can't copy that CPU chip to make another identical chip. Nobody can do "
+"long as the developer will let me have a copy of the source code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But hardware isn't made by copying. You don't make computers, by putting "
+"them into a universal copier. You know, if somebody gives you one CPU chip, "
+"you can't copy that CPU chip to make another identical chip. Nobody can do "
"that. There are no copiers. Now what about modifying it. Nobody can modify a "
"chip. Once it's made, it's made. There are chips that are customizable. But "
"to actually go in and modify the hardware of the chip, is impossible. For "
@@ -953,17 +1009,22 @@
"spying on you. So, it has to be free software. Consider for instance, "
"portable phones. You shouldn't use a portable, unless the software is "
"free. There really have been dangerous malicious features, in portable "
-"phones. There are portable phones in Europe which have this feature, that "
-"somebody can remotely tell the phone to listen to you. It really is a spy "
-"device, in the most classical sense. And if you have a portable phone, do "
-"you know who could be spying on you at any time? You don't unless you "
-"are… unless the software in your portable phone is a free "
-"software. So, we must insist on free software for this portable "
-"phones. That's just one of the reasons I won't use a portable phone. Because "
-"the portable phone network is a surveillance device. It can keep records of "
-"where you go. It can keep a permanent record of where you have been at all "
-"the time. And I think this is so dangerous such as threat to our freedom, "
-"that we must refuse to have these phones. They're dangerous, they're poison."
+"phones."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are portable phones in Europe which have this feature, that somebody "
+"can remotely tell the phone to listen to you. It really is a spy device, in "
+"the most classical sense. And if you have a portable phone, do you know who "
+"could be spying on you at any time? You don't unless you are… unless "
+"the software in your portable phone is a free software. So, we must insist "
+"on free software for this portable phones. That's just one of the reasons I "
+"won't use a portable phone. Because the portable phone network is a "
+"surveillance device. It can keep records of where you go. It can keep a "
+"permanent record of where you have been at all the time. And I think this is "
+"so dangerous such as threat to our freedom, that we must refuse to have "
+"these phones. They're dangerous, they're poison."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1056,15 +1117,19 @@
"convenient or advantageous. They sight practical values only. They say that "
"they have a superior design… sorry a superior development model "
"— superior in its shallow technical sense, that it usually produces "
-"technically better software. But that's the most they will say. They won't "
-"say that this is an ethical imperative, they won't say that software should "
-"be open source, they won't say that closed source software is an attempt to "
-"colonize you and you should escape. They won't say anything like that and "
-"in-fact the reason for their movement is specifically not to say that; to "
-"cover that up. And so when it comes to the philosophical foundation what "
-"they say and what we say are as different as night and day. And that's why I "
-"am always very unhappy when anybody associates me or my work with open "
-"source."
+"technically better software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But that's the most they will say. They won't say that this is an ethical "
+"imperative, they won't say that software should be open source, they won't "
+"say that closed source software is an attempt to colonize you and you should "
+"escape. They won't say anything like that and in-fact the reason for their "
+"movement is specifically not to say that; to cover that up. And so when it "
+"comes to the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say are as "
+"different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy when "
+"anybody associates me or my work with open source."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1099,14 +1164,18 @@
"investment. We proved this by doing it. There are about a million people "
"contributing to the free software and most of them are volunteers. Large "
"programs has been developed by volunteers, which proves that its not "
-"necessary to raise a lot of money. It's not necessary to have any money. Now "
-"I suppose that these volunteers are not starving, they are not living on the "
-"streets. They must have jobs. I don't know what their jobs are, but remember "
-"that if you look at all computer related employment, only a small fraction "
-"of that is programming. And most of that is custom software design, only a "
-"small fraction of that is developing software for publication. To be made "
-"available to the public. So there are lots of jobs these people might have "
-"to support themselves. So that they can spend some of their free time "
+"necessary to raise a lot of money. It's not necessary to have any money."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now I suppose that these volunteers are not starving, they are not living on "
+"the streets. They must have jobs. I don't know what their jobs are, but "
+"remember that if you look at all computer related employment, only a small "
+"fraction of that is programming. And most of that is custom software design, "
+"only a small fraction of that is developing software for publication. To be "
+"made available to the public. So there are lots of jobs these people might "
+"have to support themselves. So that they can spend some of their free time "
"developing our free software. And this is not a problem as long as we "
"develop lots of free software. And we do. The fact is we know this is not a "
"problem."
@@ -1159,28 +1228,37 @@
"people who develop free software should be rewarded and people who develop "
"non-free software should be punished. Because, free software is a "
"contribution to society but non-free software is a scheme to colonize "
-"society and that deserves punishment not reward. Another way to look at it "
-"is to realize that to use a non-free program is either to be foolish or "
-"unethical or both. Which means that, for me, these non-free program "
-"…is… might as well be nothing because I am not going to use "
-"it. Ethical people, people who insists on living an up-right life are going "
-"to reject it any way. So his program is only avail… only going to be "
-"of used to suckers. Who don't have well trained consciousness. And what good "
-"is that? So the person says to me “I can only develop this program if "
-"I make it proprietary; that's the only way I can bring in enough money so "
-"that I can spend the time developing this program.” I'm not going to "
-"tell him that can't be true because I don't know his circumstances. If he "
-"says that there is no way he can develop this program unless he has paid "
-"full time and if he says that he doesn't know any way to get payed full time "
-"except to make the program proprietary; I'm not going to tell him this is "
-"false because he knows his situation. What I will tell him is, “Please "
-"don't develop the program.” Developing the program in that way would "
-"be evil or would be harmful. So it's better if you don't do it at all. Do "
-"something else. Because a few years from now sooner or later some one else "
-"will be in a different situation. Some one will be able to write this "
-"program with out subjugating the users. And we could afford to wait a few "
-"years so that we keep our freedom. Freedom is worth a small sacrifice. We "
-"can wait a few years."
+"society and that deserves punishment not reward."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another way to look at it is to realize that to use a non-free program is "
+"either to be foolish or unethical or both. Which means that, for me, these "
+"non-free program …is… might as well be nothing because I am "
+"not going to use it. Ethical people, people who insists on living an "
+"up-right life are going to reject it any way. So his program is only "
+"avail… only going to be of used to suckers. Who don't have well "
+"trained consciousness. And what good is that? So the person says to me "
+"“I can only develop this program if I make it proprietary; that's the "
+"only way I can bring in enough money so that I can spend the time developing "
+"this program.” I'm not going to tell him that can't be true because I "
+"don't know his circumstances."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If he says that there is no way he can develop this program unless he has "
+"paid full time and if he says that he doesn't know any way to get payed full "
+"time except to make the program proprietary; I'm not going to tell him this "
+"is false because he knows his situation. What I will tell him is, "
+"“Please don't develop the program.” Developing the program in "
+"that way would be evil or would be harmful. So it's better if you don't do "
+"it at all. Do something else. Because a few years from now sooner or later "
+"some one else will be in a different situation. Some one will be able to "
+"write this program with out subjugating the users. And we could afford to "
+"wait a few years so that we keep our freedom. Freedom is worth a small "
+"sacrifice. We can wait a few years."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1205,15 +1283,19 @@
"course this was to produce re-charge this much because we're trying to raise "
"substantial money with these books. But you are free to copy and change "
"them. And you could even get the source code through the Internet, the "
-"source code for the books. And now we are not the only ones. There is now a "
-"movement for free text books. In-fact there are projects in India and "
-"elsewhere to develop free educational materials to make available to "
-"schools. A complete curriculum of free educational materials. Because "
-"educational materials should be free. And so I suggest that you look at the "
-"site <a href=\"http://gnowledge.org\";>gnowledge.org</a>. That's like "
-"knowledge but spells with a ‘g’ instead of a "
-"‘k’. And you will see one of these initiatives being carried out "
-"by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai."
+"source code for the books."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And now we are not the only ones. There is now a movement for free text "
+"books. In-fact there are projects in India and elsewhere to develop free "
+"educational materials to make available to schools. A complete curriculum of "
+"free educational materials. Because educational materials should be "
+"free. And so I suggest that you look at the site <a "
+"href=\"http://gnowledge.org\";>gnowledge.org</a>. That's like knowledge but "
+"spells with a ‘g’ instead of a ‘k’. And you will see "
+"one of these initiatives being carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1283,14 +1365,19 @@
"does some alternative survive; only because it's better. Free software has "
"to be twice as good. In order to get practically minded people to choose "
"it. Of course you can hear my scorn in the term practically minded. These "
-"are people who don't value their freedom. They're fools. A fool and this "
-"freedom are soon parted. But there are plenty of fools; especially in a lot "
-"of organizations are people who believe that they are not supposed to pay "
-"attention to ethics or freedom. They are only supposed to pay attention to "
-"short-term practicalities. Which is a recipe for making bad decisions. For "
-"hurting society. But that's the way they are. So why is it that even those "
-"people some times choose free software? Because it has practical "
-"advantages. For instances it's powerful and it's reliable."
+"are people who don't value their freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They're fools. A fool and this freedom are soon parted. But there are plenty "
+"of fools; especially in a lot of organizations are people who believe that "
+"they are not supposed to pay attention to ethics or freedom. They are only "
+"supposed to pay attention to short-term practicalities. Which is a recipe "
+"for making bad decisions. For hurting society. But that's the way they "
+"are. So why is it that even those people some times choose free software? "
+"Because it has practical advantages. For instances it's powerful and it's "
+"reliable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1317,10 +1404,15 @@
"this… this… idea there is some kind of balance. I don't know "
"what in the world he is talking about? But remember if a business is making "
"money by subjugating people, that's bad, that's some thing we should bring "
-"to an end. There are many businesses that operate by mistreating people. And "
-"those businesses are bad. They don't have a right to continue. They deserved "
-"to be brought to an end. I won't say that non-free software is the biggest "
-"such problem. Because, you know child labor is very common but I don't think "
+"to an end."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are many businesses that operate by mistreating people. And those "
+"businesses are bad. They don't have a right to continue. They deserved to be "
+"brought to an end. I won't say that non-free software is the biggest such "
+"problem. Because, you know child labor is very common but I don't think "
"that's mostly free software development. I think it's mostly other "
"things. There are many ways that a business can be… can operate that "
"is harmful to society. And we have to put in an end to that."
@@ -1525,14 +1617,19 @@
"work. It will work on Sun's platform. So then several months later you'll "
"try the program on our platform and find that you did months work based on a "
"feature we don't have and you will say “Oh! it would be so much work "
-"to redo that; that I can't do it.” So then your program won't run on a "
-"free platform at all. At least not until years go by and we have implemented "
-"a replacement for that feature. So you should use our free Java platform to "
-"develop that. Use the GNU Java platform… the GNU Java compiler and "
-"use the GNU Classpath as the libraries. Don't use Sun's Java Libraries, they "
-"are not free. So this way if you ever start to use a standard Java feature "
-"that we don't have, you'll find out immediately. And you'll be able to "
-"choose some other way of solving the problem with out wasting a lot of time."
+"to redo that; that I can't do it.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So then your program won't run on a free platform at all. At least not until "
+"years go by and we have implemented a replacement for that feature. So you "
+"should use our free Java platform to develop that. Use the GNU Java "
+"platform… the GNU Java compiler and use the GNU Classpath as the "
+"libraries. Don't use Sun's Java Libraries, they are not free. So this way if "
+"you ever start to use a standard Java feature that we don't have, you'll "
+"find out immediately. And you'll be able to choose some other way of solving "
+"the problem with out wasting a lot of time."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
Index: philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.fr.po 21 Aug 2012 07:08:03 -0000
1.18
+++ philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000
1.19
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: patent-practice-panel.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-21 07:22+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -157,6 +158,56 @@
"affaires de violation de brevets ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The other thing we need to recognize is whether or not the patent system
+# | has a preference for users of certain types of software. A patent system
+# | as we have in the United States benefits those under a software
+# | distribution scheme which allows them to charge royalties. This is because
+# | all software has to deal with the risk of infringing on patents. Patents
+# | don't discriminate between open-source or freely licensed software and
+# | proprietary software: a patent covers certain technology, it doesn't
+# | matter how the software's distributed. But proprietary software is
+# | licensed with a fee so the cost of that risk can be passed on to the
+# | consumer without them recognizing it. They don't see it, it's baked into
+# | the price of the software they're buying and if you were to ask a consumer
+# | if they've bought insurance against being sued for patent infringement,
+# | they would say they don't believe that have. [-But in fact they had,
+# | because if someone sues a user of Microsoft software, Microsoft has built
+# | in the cost of stepping in to defend them from that into the cost of the
+# | license fee. On the other side, if you have royalty-free distributed
+# | software such as open-source or free software, you can't bake in the cost
+# | of that risk so it becomes more transparent. And this makes consumers or
+# | users think that open-source is in a worse position than proprietary
+# | software when it's actually not. It's just because the open-source
+# | distribution scheme does not allow someone to sneak in the cost of that
+# | risk to make it opaque instead of transparent. So the patent system not
+# | only prefers large developers over small developers, it also prefers users
+# | of proprietary software over open-source software.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The other thing we need to recognize is whether or not the patent system "
+#| "has a preference for users of certain types of software. A patent system "
+#| "as we have in the United States benefits those under a software "
+#| "distribution scheme which allows them to charge royalties. This is "
+#| "because all software has to deal with the risk of infringing on patents. "
+#| "Patents don't discriminate between open-source or freely licensed "
+#| "software and proprietary software: a patent covers certain technology, it "
+#| "doesn't matter how the software's distributed. But proprietary software "
+#| "is licensed with a fee so the cost of that risk can be passed on to the "
+#| "consumer without them recognizing it. They don't see it, it's baked into "
+#| "the price of the software they're buying and if you were to ask a "
+#| "consumer if they've bought insurance against being sued for patent "
+#| "infringement, they would say they don't believe that have. But in fact "
+#| "they had, because if someone sues a user of Microsoft software, Microsoft "
+#| "has built in the cost of stepping in to defend them from that into the "
+#| "cost of the license fee. On the other side, if you have royalty-free "
+#| "distributed software such as open-source or free software, you can't bake "
+#| "in the cost of that risk so it becomes more transparent. And this makes "
+#| "consumers or users think that open-source is in a worse position than "
+#| "proprietary software when it's actually not. It's just because the open-"
+#| "source distribution scheme does not allow someone to sneak in the cost of "
+#| "that risk to make it opaque instead of transparent. So the patent system "
+#| "not only prefers large developers over small developers, it also prefers "
+#| "users of proprietary software over open-source software."
msgid ""
"The other thing we need to recognize is whether or not the patent system has "
"a preference for users of certain types of software. A patent system as we "
@@ -170,13 +221,96 @@
"recognizing it. They don't see it, it's baked into the price of the software "
"they're buying and if you were to ask a consumer if they've bought insurance "
"against being sued for patent infringement, they would say they don't "
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-"this makes consumers or users think that open-source is in a worse position "
-"than proprietary software when it's actually not. It's just because the open-"
+"believe that have."
+msgstr ""
+"L'autre chose que nous devons reconnaître est que le système de brevets a "
+"une préférence pour les utilisateurs de certains types de logiciels. Un "
+"système de brevets comme celui que nous avons aux Ãtats-Unis bénéficie Ã
"
+"ceux qui sont sous un régime de distribution de logiciel qui leur permet de "
+"faire payer des royalties. C'est parce que tous les logiciels doivent faire "
+"face au risque de violation de brevets. Les brevets ne font pas la "
+"distinction entre l'open source ou les logiciels sous licence libre, et les "
+"logiciels privateurs<a id=\"TransNote1-rev\" href=\"#TransNote1\"><sup>1</"
+"sup></a>Â : un brevet couvre une certaine technologie, il ne se soucie pas de
"
+"la façon dont le logiciel est distribué. Mais les logiciels privateurs sont
"
+"sous licence payante et donc le coût de ce risque peut être transmis aux "
+"consommateurs sans qu'ils ne s'en rendent compte. Ils ne le voient pas, "
+"c'est inclus dans le prix du logiciel qu'ils achètent, et si vous demandiez "
+"à un consommateur s'il s'est assuré contre des poursuites pour violation de
"
+"brevets, il dirait qu'il ne pense pas l'avoir fait. Mais en fait, il l'a "
+"fait, parce que si quelqu'un poursuit un utilisateur de logiciel provenant "
+"de Microsoft, Microsoft a inclus dans le prix de la licence les frais de "
+"procédure pour le défendre. En revanche, si vous avez un logiciel
distribué "
+"sans royalties tel que l'open source ou le logiciel libre, vous ne pouvez "
+"pas inclure le coût de ce risque, qui ainsi devient plus transparent. Et "
+"ceci incite les consommateurs ou les utilisateurs à penser que l'open source
"
+"est en plus mauvaise position que le logiciel privateur alors qu'en réalité
"
+"il ne l'est pas. C'est juste parce que le mode de distribution de l'open "
+"source ne permet pas à quelqu'un d'incorporer furtivement le coût de ce "
+"risque pour le rendre opaque au lieu de transparent. Ainsi, non seulement le "
+"système de brevets préfère les grands développeurs aux petits
développeurs, "
+"mais il préfère également les utilisateurs de logiciels privateurs aux "
+"utilisateurs de logiciels open source."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-The other thing we need to recognize is whether or not the patent system
+# | has a preference for users of certain types of software. A patent system
+# | as we have in the United States benefits those under a software
+# | distribution scheme which allows them to charge royalties. This is because
+# | all software has to deal with the risk of infringing on patents. Patents
+# | don't discriminate between open-source or freely licensed software and
+# | proprietary software: a patent covers certain technology, it doesn't
+# | matter how the software's distributed. But proprietary software is
+# | licensed with a fee so the cost of that risk can be passed on to the
+# | consumer without them recognizing it. They don't see it, it's baked into
+# | the price of the software they're buying and if you were to ask a consumer
+# | if they've bought insurance against being sued for patent infringement,
+# | they would say they don't believe that have.-]But in fact they had,
+# | because if someone sues a user of Microsoft software, Microsoft has built
+# | in the cost of stepping in to defend them from that into the cost of the
+# | license fee. On the other side, if you have royalty-free distributed
+# | software such as open-source or free software, you can't bake in the cost
+# | of that risk so it becomes more transparent. And this makes consumers or
+# | users think that open-source is in a worse position than proprietary
+# | software when it's actually not. It's just because the open-source
+# | distribution scheme does not allow someone to sneak in the cost of that
+# | risk to make it opaque instead of transparent. So the patent system not
+# | only prefers large developers over small developers, it also prefers users
+# | of proprietary software over open-source software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The other thing we need to recognize is whether or not the patent system "
+#| "has a preference for users of certain types of software. A patent system "
+#| "as we have in the United States benefits those under a software "
+#| "distribution scheme which allows them to charge royalties. This is "
+#| "because all software has to deal with the risk of infringing on patents. "
+#| "Patents don't discriminate between open-source or freely licensed "
+#| "software and proprietary software: a patent covers certain technology, it "
+#| "doesn't matter how the software's distributed. But proprietary software "
+#| "is licensed with a fee so the cost of that risk can be passed on to the "
+#| "consumer without them recognizing it. They don't see it, it's baked into "
+#| "the price of the software they're buying and if you were to ask a "
+#| "consumer if they've bought insurance against being sued for patent "
+#| "infringement, they would say they don't believe that have. But in fact "
+#| "they had, because if someone sues a user of Microsoft software, Microsoft "
+#| "has built in the cost of stepping in to defend them from that into the "
+#| "cost of the license fee. On the other side, if you have royalty-free "
+#| "distributed software such as open-source or free software, you can't bake "
+#| "in the cost of that risk so it becomes more transparent. And this makes "
+#| "consumers or users think that open-source is in a worse position than "
+#| "proprietary software when it's actually not. It's just because the open-"
+#| "source distribution scheme does not allow someone to sneak in the cost of "
+#| "that risk to make it opaque instead of transparent. So the patent system "
+#| "not only prefers large developers over small developers, it also prefers "
+#| "users of proprietary software over open-source software."
+msgid ""
+"But in fact they had, because if someone sues a user of Microsoft software, "
+"Microsoft has built in the cost of stepping in to defend them from that into "
+"the cost of the license fee. On the other side, if you have royalty-free "
+"distributed software such as open-source or free software, you can't bake in "
+"the cost of that risk so it becomes more transparent. And this makes "
+"consumers or users think that open-source is in a worse position than "
+"proprietary software when it's actually not. It's just because the open-"
"source distribution scheme does not allow someone to sneak in the cost of "
"that risk to make it opaque instead of transparent. So the patent system not "
"only prefers large developers over small developers, it also prefers users "
@@ -225,6 +359,38 @@
"meilleur prix ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Now, I think it's important to concede the point that people on the other
+# | side will make, which is, will a less-onerous patent system, or they would
+# | call it a ‘less-beneficial’ patent system, I call it
+# | less-onerous, will harm their business, because people could copy them.
+# | Well, large businesses aren't worried about being copied. They really
+# | aren't. At least not by other large businesses, this is why they enter
+# | into cross-licenses all the time. [-If a large company really didn't want
+# | its software to be copied, why is it licensing its patent portfolio to
+# | every other big company in the world? Because it can't stop them from
+# | copying it once they enter into that agreement, so this argument that ,
+# | “Well, we're worried about people copying our software”, the
+# | most likely people to copy your software are other large businesses
+# | because they have the resources and the ability and the distribution
+# | channels and the brand and the relationships. Why are you letting them
+# | copy it? You must not be that worried about it.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, I think it's important to concede the point that people on the other "
+#| "side will make, which is, will a less-onerous patent system, or they "
+#| "would call it a ‘less-beneficial’ patent system, I call it "
+#| "less-onerous, will harm their business, because people could copy them. "
+#| "Well, large businesses aren't worried about being copied. They really "
+#| "aren't. At least not by other large businesses, this is why they enter "
+#| "into cross-licenses all the time. If a large company really didn't want "
+#| "its software to be copied, why is it licensing its patent portfolio to "
+#| "every other big company in the world? Because it can't stop them from "
+#| "copying it once they enter into that agreement, so this argument that , "
+#| "“Well, we're worried about people copying our software”, the "
+#| "most likely people to copy your software are other large businesses "
+#| "because they have the resources and the ability and the distribution "
+#| "channels and the brand and the relationships. Why are you letting them "
+#| "copy it? You must not be that worried about it."
msgid ""
"Now, I think it's important to concede the point that people on the other "
"side will make, which is, will a less-onerous patent system, or they would "
@@ -232,15 +398,68 @@
"onerous, will harm their business, because people could copy them. Well, "
"large businesses aren't worried about being copied. They really aren't. At "
"least not by other large businesses, this is why they enter into cross-"
-"licenses all the time. If a large company really didn't want its software to "
-"be copied, why is it licensing its patent portfolio to every other big "
-"company in the world? Because it can't stop them from copying it once they "
-"enter into that agreement, so this argument that , “Well, we're "
-"worried about people copying our software”, the most likely people to "
-"copy your software are other large businesses because they have the "
-"resources and the ability and the distribution channels and the brand and "
-"the relationships. Why are you letting them copy it? You must not be that "
-"worried about it."
+"licenses all the time."
+msgstr ""
+"Avant cela, je pense qu'il est important d'admettre le point de vue que les "
+"gens auront de l'autre côté, qui est : est-ce qu'un système de brevets
moins "
+"onéreux (ou « moins bénéfique » comme ils diraient, je dis moins
onéreux) "
+"nuira à leurs affaires, parce que les gens pourraient les copier ? Eh bien,
"
+"les grandes entreprises ne s'inquiètent pas d'être copiées. Elles ne s'en "
+"inquiètent vraiment pas. Du moins pas par d'autres grandes entreprises, "
+"c'est pourquoi elles font des licences croisées tout le temps. Si une grande
"
+"entreprise ne voulait vraiment pas que ses logiciels soient copiés, pourquoi
"
+"ferait-elle des concessions de son portefeuille de licences à toutes les "
+"autres grandes entreprises du monde, puisque ça ne peut pas les empêcher de
"
+"copier une fois que cet accord est conclu ? Donc cet argument selon lequel "
+"« Eh bien, nous nous inquiétons que des personnes copient nos "
+"logiciels »… Les personnes les plus susceptibles de copier vos "
+"logiciels sont d'autres grandes entreprises, parce qu'elles ont les "
+"ressources, la capacité, les canaux de distribution, la marque et les "
+"relations. Pourquoi les laissez-vous les copier ? Ãa ne doit pas vous "
+"inquiéter tant que ça."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Now, I think it's important to concede the point that people on the
+# | other side will make, which is, will a less-onerous patent system, or they
+# | would call it a ‘less-beneficial’ patent system, I call it
+# | less-onerous, will harm their business, because people could copy them.
+# | Well, large businesses aren't worried about being copied. They really
+# | aren't. At least not by other large businesses, this is why they enter
+# | into cross-licenses all the time.-]If a large company really didn't want
+# | its software to be copied, why is it licensing its patent portfolio to
+# | every other big company in the world? Because it can't stop them from
+# | copying it once they enter into that agreement, so this argument that ,
+# | “Well, we're worried about people copying our software”, the
+# | most likely people to copy your software are other large businesses
+# | because they have the resources and the ability and the distribution
+# | channels and the brand and the relationships. Why are you letting them
+# | copy it? You must not be that worried about it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Now, I think it's important to concede the point that people on the other "
+#| "side will make, which is, will a less-onerous patent system, or they "
+#| "would call it a ‘less-beneficial’ patent system, I call it "
+#| "less-onerous, will harm their business, because people could copy them. "
+#| "Well, large businesses aren't worried about being copied. They really "
+#| "aren't. At least not by other large businesses, this is why they enter "
+#| "into cross-licenses all the time. If a large company really didn't want "
+#| "its software to be copied, why is it licensing its patent portfolio to "
+#| "every other big company in the world? Because it can't stop them from "
+#| "copying it once they enter into that agreement, so this argument that , "
+#| "“Well, we're worried about people copying our software”, the "
+#| "most likely people to copy your software are other large businesses "
+#| "because they have the resources and the ability and the distribution "
+#| "channels and the brand and the relationships. Why are you letting them "
+#| "copy it? You must not be that worried about it."
+msgid ""
+"If a large company really didn't want its software to be copied, why is it "
+"licensing its patent portfolio to every other big company in the world? "
+"Because it can't stop them from copying it once they enter into that "
+"agreement, so this argument that , “Well, we're worried about people "
+"copying our software”, the most likely people to copy your software "
+"are other large businesses because they have the resources and the ability "
+"and the distribution channels and the brand and the relationships. Why are "
+"you letting them copy it? You must not be that worried about it."
msgstr ""
"Avant cela, je pense qu'il est important d'admettre le point de vue que les "
"gens auront de l'autre côté, qui est : est-ce qu'un système de brevets
moins "
@@ -261,6 +480,52 @@
"inquiéter tant que ça."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | And so the question is, then, does a patent system have a net-beneficial
+# | effect or a net-detrimental effect on software development? I think we've
+# | seen already it only decreases the ability for open-source or royalty-free
+# | license software to compete with proprietary software. In the end you have
+# | to ask, is less competition beneficial for the software industry? I don't
+# | know what Europeans think about that, I think Europeans are very
+# | pro-competition and I know us on the other side of the Atlantic are very
+# | pro-competition as well, and so the answer is never less competition is
+# | better for consumers. And so I think as we bring the point home, if we had
+# | two seconds in an elevator to pitch this idea to someone, software patents
+# | have a net-negative effect on competition in the software industry.
+# | [-True, they may increase competition in some ways, but the net-effect is
+# | anti-competitive. And that's what putting the ability to decide success in
+# | the software industry in the hands of the patent office or in hands of the
+# | courts does. If you need examples, if people think that's just rhetoric or
+# | your opinion, just point to the United States. Microsoft is a very
+# | successful software company, I don't think anyone would debate that.
+# | They've never had to sue anyone for patent infringement. So they claim
+# | they need patents, but yet they've never had to use them. They
+# | cross-license them and that's where we wonder, ‘If you're worried
+# | about people copying, then why are you cross-licensing them to
+# | people?’.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And so the question is, then, does a patent system have a net-beneficial "
+#| "effect or a net-detrimental effect on software development? I think we've "
+#| "seen already it only decreases the ability for open-source or royalty-"
+#| "free license software to compete with proprietary software. In the end "
+#| "you have to ask, is less competition beneficial for the software "
+#| "industry? I don't know what Europeans think about that, I think Europeans "
+#| "are very pro-competition and I know us on the other side of the Atlantic "
+#| "are very pro-competition as well, and so the answer is never less "
+#| "competition is better for consumers. And so I think as we bring the point "
+#| "home, if we had two seconds in an elevator to pitch this idea to someone, "
+#| "software patents have a net-negative effect on competition in the "
+#| "software industry. True, they may increase competition in some ways, but "
+#| "the net-effect is anti-competitive. And that's what putting the ability "
+#| "to decide success in the software industry in the hands of the patent "
+#| "office or in hands of the courts does. If you need examples, if people "
+#| "think that's just rhetoric or your opinion, just point to the United "
+#| "States. Microsoft is a very successful software company, I don't think "
+#| "anyone would debate that. They've never had to sue anyone for patent "
+#| "infringement. So they claim they need patents, but yet they've never had "
+#| "to use them. They cross-license them and that's where we wonder, ‘"
+#| "If you're worried about people copying, then why are you cross-licensing "
+#| "them to people?’."
msgid ""
"And so the question is, then, does a patent system have a net-beneficial "
"effect or a net-detrimental effect on software development? I think we've "
@@ -272,8 +537,83 @@
"competition as well, and so the answer is never less competition is better "
"for consumers. And so I think as we bring the point home, if we had two "
"seconds in an elevator to pitch this idea to someone, software patents have "
-"a net-negative effect on competition in the software industry. True, they "
-"may increase competition in some ways, but the net-effect is anti-"
+"a net-negative effect on competition in the software industry."
+msgstr ""
+"La question est donc : un système de brevets a-t-il un effet net
bénéfique "
+"ou un effet net néfaste sur le développement logiciel ? Nous avons déjÃ
vu, "
+"je pense, que son seul effet est de diminuer la capacité de l'open source ou
"
+"du logiciel sous licence gratuite à concurrencer le logiciel privateur. Au "
+"final, vous devez vous demander : est-ce que moins de concurrence est "
+"bénéfique pour l'industrie du logiciel ? Je ne sais pas ce que les
Européens "
+"en pensent, je pense que les Européens sont clairement pour la concurrence, "
+"et je sais que nous de l'autre côté de l'Atlantique sommes clairement pour "
+"la concurrence aussi, et donc la réponse n'est jamais que moins de "
+"concurrence soit meilleure pour les consommateurs. Je pense qu'il faut être "
+"extrêmement clair, si nous avions deux secondes dans un ascenseur pour "
+"lancer cette idée à quelqu'un, les brevets logiciels ont un effet net "
+"négatif sur la concurrence dans l'industrie du logiciel. C'est vrai, ils "
+"peuvent augmenter la concurrence de certaines façons, mais l'effet net est "
+"anticoncurrentiel. Et c'est ce qui se passe quand on met la capacité à "
+"décider de la réussite dans l'industrie du logiciel entre les mains de "
+"l'office des brevets ou des tribunaux. Si vous avez besoin d'exemples, si "
+"les gens pensent que c'est juste de la rhétorique ou juste votre avis, citez
"
+"l'exemple des Ãtats-Unis. Microsoft est une entreprise de logiciel
couronnée "
+"de succès, je ne pense pas que quiconque remettrait cela en question. Ils ne
"
+"se sont jamais retrouvés à poursuivre quelqu'un pour violation de brevet. "
+"Donc ils prétendent qu'ils ont besoin de brevets, mais cependant ils n'ont "
+"jamais eu à s'en servir. Ils font des licences croisées et c'est là que
nous "
+"nous demandons : « Si vous vous inquiétez que des personnes copient,
alors "
+"pourquoi faire des licences croisées avec elles ? »"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-And so the question is, then, does a patent system have a net-beneficial
+# | effect or a net-detrimental effect on software development? I think we've
+# | seen already it only decreases the ability for open-source or royalty-free
+# | license software to compete with proprietary software. In the end you have
+# | to ask, is less competition beneficial for the software industry? I don't
+# | know what Europeans think about that, I think Europeans are very
+# | pro-competition and I know us on the other side of the Atlantic are very
+# | pro-competition as well, and so the answer is never less competition is
+# | better for consumers. And so I think as we bring the point home, if we had
+# | two seconds in an elevator to pitch this idea to someone, software patents
+# | have a net-negative effect on competition in the software industry.-]True,
+# | they may increase competition in some ways, but the net-effect is
+# | anti-competitive. And that's what putting the ability to decide success in
+# | the software industry in the hands of the patent office or in hands of the
+# | courts does. If you need examples, if people think that's just rhetoric or
+# | your opinion, just point to the United States. Microsoft is a very
+# | successful software company, I don't think anyone would debate that.
+# | They've never had to sue anyone for patent infringement. So they claim
+# | they need patents, but yet they've never had to use them. They
+# | cross-license them and that's where we wonder, ‘If you're worried
+# | about people copying, then why are you cross-licensing them to
+# | people?’.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And so the question is, then, does a patent system have a net-beneficial "
+#| "effect or a net-detrimental effect on software development? I think we've "
+#| "seen already it only decreases the ability for open-source or royalty-"
+#| "free license software to compete with proprietary software. In the end "
+#| "you have to ask, is less competition beneficial for the software "
+#| "industry? I don't know what Europeans think about that, I think Europeans "
+#| "are very pro-competition and I know us on the other side of the Atlantic "
+#| "are very pro-competition as well, and so the answer is never less "
+#| "competition is better for consumers. And so I think as we bring the point "
+#| "home, if we had two seconds in an elevator to pitch this idea to someone, "
+#| "software patents have a net-negative effect on competition in the "
+#| "software industry. True, they may increase competition in some ways, but "
+#| "the net-effect is anti-competitive. And that's what putting the ability "
+#| "to decide success in the software industry in the hands of the patent "
+#| "office or in hands of the courts does. If you need examples, if people "
+#| "think that's just rhetoric or your opinion, just point to the United "
+#| "States. Microsoft is a very successful software company, I don't think "
+#| "anyone would debate that. They've never had to sue anyone for patent "
+#| "infringement. So they claim they need patents, but yet they've never had "
+#| "to use them. They cross-license them and that's where we wonder, ‘"
+#| "If you're worried about people copying, then why are you cross-licensing "
+#| "them to people?’."
+msgid ""
+"True, they may increase competition in some ways, but the net-effect is anti-"
"competitive. And that's what putting the ability to decide success in the "
"software industry in the hands of the patent office or in hands of the "
"courts does. If you need examples, if people think that's just rhetoric or "
Index: philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:33 -0000
1.8
+++ philosophy/po/patent-practice-panel.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000
1.9
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: patent-practice-panel.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -111,13 +111,18 @@
"recognizing it. They don't see it, it's baked into the price of the software "
"they're buying and if you were to ask a consumer if they've bought insurance "
"against being sued for patent infringement, they would say they don't "
-"believe that have. But in fact they had, because if someone sues a user of "
-"Microsoft software, Microsoft has built in the cost of stepping in to defend "
-"them from that into the cost of the license fee. On the other side, if you "
-"have royalty-free distributed software such as open-source or free software, "
-"you can't bake in the cost of that risk so it becomes more transparent. And "
-"this makes consumers or users think that open-source is in a worse position "
-"than proprietary software when it's actually not. It's just because the "
+"believe that have."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But in fact they had, because if someone sues a user of Microsoft software, "
+"Microsoft has built in the cost of stepping in to defend them from that into "
+"the cost of the license fee. On the other side, if you have royalty-free "
+"distributed software such as open-source or free software, you can't bake in "
+"the cost of that risk so it becomes more transparent. And this makes "
+"consumers or users think that open-source is in a worse position than "
+"proprietary software when it's actually not. It's just because the "
"open-source distribution scheme does not allow someone to sneak in the cost "
"of that risk to make it opaque instead of transparent. So the patent system "
"not only prefers large developers over small developers, it also prefers "
@@ -140,15 +145,19 @@
"less-onerous, will harm their business, because people could copy "
"them. Well, large businesses aren't worried about being copied. They really "
"aren't. At least not by other large businesses, this is why they enter into "
-"cross-licenses all the time. If a large company really didn't want its "
-"software to be copied, why is it licensing its patent portfolio to every "
-"other big company in the world? Because it can't stop them from copying it "
-"once they enter into that agreement, so this argument that , “Well, "
-"we're worried about people copying our software”, the most likely "
-"people to copy your software are other large businesses because they have "
-"the resources and the ability and the distribution channels and the brand "
-"and the relationships. Why are you letting them copy it? You must not be "
-"that worried about it."
+"cross-licenses all the time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a large company really didn't want its software to be copied, why is it "
+"licensing its patent portfolio to every other big company in the world? "
+"Because it can't stop them from copying it once they enter into that "
+"agreement, so this argument that , “Well, we're worried about people "
+"copying our software”, the most likely people to copy your software "
+"are other large businesses because they have the resources and the ability "
+"and the distribution channels and the brand and the relationships. Why are "
+"you letting them copy it? You must not be that worried about it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -163,8 +172,12 @@
"pro-competition as well, and so the answer is never less competition is "
"better for consumers. And so I think as we bring the point home, if we had "
"two seconds in an elevator to pitch this idea to someone, software patents "
-"have a net-negative effect on competition in the software industry. True, "
-"they may increase competition in some ways, but the net-effect is "
+"have a net-negative effect on competition in the software industry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"True, they may increase competition in some ways, but the net-effect is "
"anti-competitive. And that's what putting the ability to decide success in "
"the software industry in the hands of the patent office or in hands of the "
"courts does. If you need examples, if people think that's just rhetoric or "
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.42
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -b -r1.42 -r1.43
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:39 -0000 1.42
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000 1.43
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-12-31 03:48+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Hossam Hossny <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Arabic\n"
@@ -155,6 +155,19 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">ÙÙ
اذا تØتاج اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø¥ÙÙ Ùثائ٠"
+"Ù
جاÙÙØ©</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.bg.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.bg.po,v
retrieving revision 1.70
retrieving revision 1.71
diff -u -b -r1.70 -r1.71
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.bg.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:39 -0000 1.70
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.bg.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000 1.71
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-10-28 15:01+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Yavor Doganov <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Bulgarian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -157,6 +157,19 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
+#| "a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">ÐвижениеÑо за
Ñвободен "
+"ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html\">Your "
#| "Freedom Needs Free Software</a>"
msgid ""
@@ -523,14 +536,6 @@
#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html\">15 години
Ñвободен "
#~ "ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a>"
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
-#~ "a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">ÐвижениеÑо за
Ñвободен "
-#~ "ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a>"
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
#~ msgid "About the GNU Operating System"
#~ msgstr "ÐÑноÑно опеÑаÑионнаÑа ÑиÑÑема GNU"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.ca.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ca.po,v
retrieving revision 1.65
retrieving revision 1.66
diff -u -b -r1.65 -r1.66
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.ca.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:40 -0000 1.65
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.ca.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:37 -0000 1.66
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.ca\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-03-01 18:21+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Miquel Puigpelat <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Catalan <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -152,6 +153,19 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
+#| "a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">El moviment del programari "
+"lliure</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
@@ -565,14 +579,6 @@
#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html\">Quinze anys de "
#~ "programari lliure</a>"
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
-#~ "a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">El moviment del "
-#~ "programari lliure</a>"
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
#~ msgid "About the GNU Operating System"
#~ msgstr "Sobre el Sistema Operatiu GNU"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.cs.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.cs.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:40 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.cs.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.7
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-05-22 13:33+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: FrantiÅ¡ek KuÄera <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Czech <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.2\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1) ? 0 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 1 : 2;\n"
@@ -147,6 +148,19 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of "
+#| "Software Patents</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">NebezpeÄÃ "
+"softwarových patentů</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
@@ -286,14 +300,6 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of "
-#~ "Software Patents</a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">NebezpeÄÃ "
-#~ "softwarových patentů</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#~ msgid ""
#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html\">Is Digital "
#~ "Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a>"
#~ msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.de.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.de.po,v
retrieving revision 1.51
retrieving revision 1.52
diff -u -b -r1.51 -r1.52
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.de.po 14 Jul 2012 21:25:34 -0000 1.51
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.de.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.52
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-14 18:16+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Joerg Kohne <joeko (AT) online [PUNKT] de>\n"
"Language-Team: German <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -132,6 +133,18 @@
"Source“ das Ziel von <em>Freie Software</em> verfehlt</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc\">Warum Freie Software freie Dokumentation "
+"braucht</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.el.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.el.po,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.el.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:40 -0000 1.33
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.el.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.34
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: www-el_v0.2.0\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-03-01 18:52+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Georgios Zarkadas <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Greek <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
# type: Content of: <title>
@@ -152,6 +153,19 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">ÎιαÏί Ïο ελεÏθεÏο
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏειάζεÏαι "
+"ελεÏθεÏη ÏεκμηÏίÏÏη</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.87
retrieving revision 1.88
diff -u -b -r1.87 -r1.88
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.es.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:40 -0000 1.87
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.es.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.88
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-02-29 18:31+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Xavier Reina <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bits\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
@@ -160,6 +161,22 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+# | <a [-href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When
+# | Free+} Software [-movement</a>-] {+Isn't (Practically) Better</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
+#| "a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">El movimiento por el "
+"Software Libre</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
@@ -558,14 +575,6 @@
#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html\">15 años de "
#~ "Software Libre</a>"
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
-#~ "a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">El movimiento por el "
-#~ "Software Libre</a>"
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
#~ msgid "About the GNU Operating System"
#~ msgstr "Sobre el Sistema Operativo GNU"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.81
retrieving revision 1.82
diff -u -b -r1.81 -r1.82
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.fr.po 17 Aug 2012 20:09:24 -0000 1.81
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.82
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-16 08:23+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -143,6 +144,22 @@
"source » passe à côté du problème que soulève le logiciel libre ?</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+# | <a [-href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why-]
+# |
{+href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When+}
+# | Free Software [-Needs Free Documentation</a>-] {+Isn't (Practically)
+# | Better</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Pourquoi le logiciels libre a besoin "
+"d'une documentation libre</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.ja.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ja.po,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.ja.po 12 Jun 2012 08:39:48 -0000 1.12
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.ja.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.13
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-02-27 10:11+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: NIIBE Yutaka <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -135,6 +136,18 @@
"ã½ã¼ã¹\"ã¯èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã®ãã¤ã³ããã¯ããã®ã</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã«ã¯èªç±ãªææ¸ãå¿
è¦ã§"
+"ããçç±</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.50
retrieving revision 1.51
diff -u -b -r1.50 -r1.51
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.pl.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:41 -0000 1.50
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.pl.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.51
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/philosophy.html\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-02-26 10:47-0600\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <jsowoc AT gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 "
"|| n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Virtaal 0.7.0\n"
@@ -155,6 +156,23 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+# | <a [-href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why-]
+# |
{+href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When+}
+# | Free Software [-Needs Free Documentation</a>-] {+Isn't (Practically)
+# | Better</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Wolne oprogramowanie i wolna "
+"dokumentacja</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.57
retrieving revision 1.58
diff -u -b -r1.57 -r1.58
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:33 -0000 1.57
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.58
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -109,6 +109,12 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.48
retrieving revision 1.49
diff -u -b -r1.48 -r1.49
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:41 -0000 1.48
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.49
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-06 23:25-0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Rodrigo Macedo <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -150,6 +151,19 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Por que o Software Livre Precisa de "
+"Documentação Livre</a> "
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.ro.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ro.po,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.ro.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:41 -0000 1.23
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.ro.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.24
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.ro.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-12-03 22:33+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: CÄtÄlin Frâncu <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Romanian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -147,6 +147,18 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.ro.html\">De ce software-ul liber necesitÄ "
+"documentaÈie liberÄ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po 13 Jun 2012 16:36:06 -0000 1.12
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.13
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-02-28 17:17+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
@@ -145,6 +146,22 @@
"пÑогÑамма”</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+# | <a [-href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why-]
+# |
{+href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When+}
+# | Free Software [-Needs Free Documentation</a>-] {+Isn't (Practically)
+# | Better</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам нÑжна "
+"ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑиÑ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.sq.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.sq.po,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.sq.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:41 -0000 1.10
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.sq.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.11
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-04-11 14:46+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Besnik Bleta <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -138,6 +139,18 @@
"Hapur\" Nuk e Rrok Thelbin e Software-it të Lirë</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
+#| "Documentation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Pse Software-i i Lirë Lyp Dokumentim "
+"të Lirë</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.sr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.sr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.61
retrieving revision 1.62
diff -u -b -r1.61 -r1.62
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.sr.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:42 -0000 1.61
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.sr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000 1.62
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-07-05 21:52+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Strahinya Radich <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Serbian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -156,6 +156,19 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
+#| "a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">ÐокÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð°
Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ</"
+"a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html\">Your "
#| "Freedom Needs Free Software</a>"
msgid ""
@@ -505,14 +518,6 @@
#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html\">15 година "
#~ "Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа</a>"
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</"
-#~ "a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">ÐокÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð°
Ñлободни "
-#~ "ÑоÑÑвеÑ</a>"
-
# type: Content of: <h2>
#~ msgid "About the GNU Operating System"
#~ msgstr "РопеÑаÑивном ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐÐУ"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn-diff.html 16 Sep 2012 09:25:13 -0000
1.8
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn-diff.html 2 Oct 2012 00:29:38 -0000
1.9
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
Richard Stallman</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why
"Open Source" misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Measures
governments can use to promote free software</a></li>
+ <li><a <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html">When
Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a></li>
+ <li><a</em></ins></span>
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Measures governments can
use to promote free software</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/16 09:25:13 $
+$Date: 2012/10/02 00:29:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po 10 Jun 2012 09:20:42 -0000 1.28
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:39 -0000 1.29
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-02-15 16:59+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Li Fanxi <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -143,6 +143,19 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of "
+#| "Software Patents</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\">When "
+"Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of "
+"Software Patents</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
"can use to promote free software</a>"
@@ -371,11 +384,3 @@
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html\">Lest CodePlex perplex</"
#~ "a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of "
-#~ "Software Patents</a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of "
-#~ "Software Patents</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.po 21 Aug 2012 07:08:04 -0000
1.19
+++ philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:39 -0000
1.20
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: rms-interview-edinburgh.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-21 07:22+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <h2>
@@ -108,6 +109,42 @@
"des entreprises, au militarisme, au capitalisme, etc. ?"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | Well, we are not against capitalism at all. We are against subjugating
+# | people who use computers, one particular business practice. There are
+# | businesses, both large and small that distribute free software, and
+# | contribute to free software, and they are welcome to use it, welcome to
+# | sell copies and we thank them for contributing. However, free software is
+# | a movement against domination, not necessarily against corporate
+# | domination, but against any domination. The users of software should not
+# | be dominated by the developers of the software, whether those developers
+# | be corporations or individuals or universities or what. [-The users
+# | shouldn't be kept divided and helpless. And that's what non-free software
+# | does; It keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided because you are
+# | forbidden to share copies with anyone else and helpless because you don't
+# | get the source code. So you can't even tell what the program does, let
+# | alone change it. So there is definitely a relationship. We are working
+# | against domination by software developers, many of those software
+# | developers are corporations. And some large corporations exert a form of
+# | domination through non free software.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Well, we are not against capitalism at all. We are against subjugating "
+#| "people who use computers, one particular business practice. There are "
+#| "businesses, both large and small that distribute free software, and "
+#| "contribute to free software, and they are welcome to use it, welcome to "
+#| "sell copies and we thank them for contributing. However, free software "
+#| "is a movement against domination, not necessarily against corporate "
+#| "domination, but against any domination. The users of software should not "
+#| "be dominated by the developers of the software, whether those developers "
+#| "be corporations or individuals or universities or what. The users "
+#| "shouldn't be kept divided and helpless. And that's what non-free "
+#| "software does; It keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided because "
+#| "you are forbidden to share copies with anyone else and helpless because "
+#| "you don't get the source code. So you can't even tell what the program "
+#| "does, let alone change it. So there is definitely a relationship. We "
+#| "are working against domination by software developers, many of those "
+#| "software developers are corporations. And some large corporations exert "
+#| "a form of domination through non free software."
msgid ""
"Well, we are not against capitalism at all. We are against subjugating "
"people who use computers, one particular business practice. There are "
@@ -117,14 +154,75 @@
"movement against domination, not necessarily against corporate domination, "
"but against any domination. The users of software should not be dominated "
"by the developers of the software, whether those developers be corporations "
-"or individuals or universities or what. The users shouldn't be kept divided "
-"and helpless. And that's what non-free software does; It keeps the users "
-"divided and helpless. Divided because you are forbidden to share copies "
-"with anyone else and helpless because you don't get the source code. So you "
-"can't even tell what the program does, let alone change it. So there is "
-"definitely a relationship. We are working against domination by software "
-"developers, many of those software developers are corporations. And some "
-"large corporations exert a form of domination through non free software."
+"or individuals or universities or what."
+msgstr ""
+"Eh bien, nous ne sommes pas du tout contre le capitalisme. Nous sommes "
+"contre le fait de mettre sous contrôle les utilisateurs de l'informatique, "
+"contre une certain type de pratique commerciale. Il y a des entreprises, Ã "
+"la fois grandes et petites, qui distribuent du logiciel libre et qui "
+"contribuent au logiciel libre. Nous les invitons cordialement à l'utiliser, "
+"à en vendre des copies, et nous les remercions de contribuer. Néanmoins, le
"
+"logiciel libre est un mouvement contre la domination, pas nécessairement "
+"contre la domination des entreprises, mais contre toute forme de domination. "
+"Les utilisateurs de logiciels ne devraient pas être dominés par les "
+"développeurs, que ces développeurs soient des entreprises, des individus, "
+"des universités ou autres. Les utilisateurs ne devraient pas être maintenus
"
+"divisés et démunis. Et cela, c'est ce que fait le logiciel non libre ; il "
+"maintient les utilisateurs divisés et démunis. Divisés car il vous est "
+"interdit de partager des copies avec quiconque, et démunis, parce que le "
+"code source ne vous est pas fourni. Vous ne pouvez même pas dire ce que fait
"
+"le programme, sans parler de le modifier. Ainsi, il y a sans aucun doute un "
+"rapport. Nous travaillons contre la domination par les développeurs de "
+"logiciels. Beaucoup de ces développeurs sont des entreprises, et quelques "
+"grosses entreprises exercent une forme de domination à travers le logiciel "
+"non libre."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | [-Well, we are not against capitalism at all. We are against subjugating
+# | people who use computers, one particular business practice. There are
+# | businesses, both large and small that distribute free software, and
+# | contribute to free software, and they are welcome to use it, welcome to
+# | sell copies and we thank them for contributing. However, free software is
+# | a movement against domination, not necessarily against corporate
+# | domination, but against any domination. The users of software should not
+# | be dominated by the developers of the software, whether those developers
+# | be corporations or individuals or universities or what.-]The users
+# | shouldn't be kept divided and helpless. And that's what non-free software
+# | does; It keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided because you are
+# | forbidden to share copies with anyone else and helpless because you don't
+# | get the source code. So you can't even tell what the program does, let
+# | alone change it. So there is definitely a relationship. We are working
+# | against domination by software developers, many of those software
+# | developers are corporations. And some large corporations exert a form of
+# | domination through non free software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Well, we are not against capitalism at all. We are against subjugating "
+#| "people who use computers, one particular business practice. There are "
+#| "businesses, both large and small that distribute free software, and "
+#| "contribute to free software, and they are welcome to use it, welcome to "
+#| "sell copies and we thank them for contributing. However, free software "
+#| "is a movement against domination, not necessarily against corporate "
+#| "domination, but against any domination. The users of software should not "
+#| "be dominated by the developers of the software, whether those developers "
+#| "be corporations or individuals or universities or what. The users "
+#| "shouldn't be kept divided and helpless. And that's what non-free "
+#| "software does; It keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided because "
+#| "you are forbidden to share copies with anyone else and helpless because "
+#| "you don't get the source code. So you can't even tell what the program "
+#| "does, let alone change it. So there is definitely a relationship. We "
+#| "are working against domination by software developers, many of those "
+#| "software developers are corporations. And some large corporations exert "
+#| "a form of domination through non free software."
+msgid ""
+"The users shouldn't be kept divided and helpless. And that's what non-free "
+"software does; It keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided because you "
+"are forbidden to share copies with anyone else and helpless because you "
+"don't get the source code. So you can't even tell what the program does, "
+"let alone change it. So there is definitely a relationship. We are working "
+"against domination by software developers, many of those software developers "
+"are corporations. And some large corporations exert a form of domination "
+"through non free software."
msgstr ""
"Eh bien, nous ne sommes pas du tout contre le capitalisme. Nous sommes "
"contre le fait de mettre sous contrôle les utilisateurs de l'informatique, "
@@ -165,6 +263,49 @@
"justice, la liberté et la démocratie ?"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | At the moment I would not go quite so far as to say that non free software
+# | couldn't be usable by opposition movements, because many of them are using
+# | it. It is not ethical to use non free software. Because… At least
+# | it is not ethical to use authorized copies. But it is not a good thing to
+# | use any copies. You see to use authorized copies, you have to agree not
+# | to share with other people and to agree to that is an unethical act in
+# | itself, which we should reject. And that is the basic reason why I
+# | started the free software movement. I wanted to make it easy to reject
+# | the unethical act of agreeing to the license of a non free program. [-If
+# | you are using an unauthorized copy then you haven't agreed to that. You
+# | haven't committed that unethical act. But you are still… you are
+# | condemned to living underground. And, you are still unable to get the
+# | source code, so you can't tell for certain what those programs do. And
+# | they might in fact be carrying out surveillance. And I was told that in
+# | Brazil, the use of unauthorized copies was in fact used as an excuse to
+# | imprison the activists of the landless rural workers movement, which has
+# | since switched to free software to escape from this danger. And they
+# | indeed could not afford the authorized copies of software. So, these
+# | things are not lined up directly on a straight line, but there is an
+# | increasing parallel between them, an increasing relationship.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "At the moment I would not go quite so far as to say that non free "
+#| "software couldn't be usable by opposition movements, because many of them "
+#| "are using it. It is not ethical to use non free software. "
+#| "Because… At least it is not ethical to use authorized copies. But "
+#| "it is not a good thing to use any copies. You see to use authorized "
+#| "copies, you have to agree not to share with other people and to agree to "
+#| "that is an unethical act in itself, which we should reject. And that is "
+#| "the basic reason why I started the free software movement. I wanted to "
+#| "make it easy to reject the unethical act of agreeing to the license of a "
+#| "non free program. If you are using an unauthorized copy then you haven't "
+#| "agreed to that. You haven't committed that unethical act. But you are "
+#| "still… you are condemned to living underground. And, you are "
+#| "still unable to get the source code, so you can't tell for certain what "
+#| "those programs do. And they might in fact be carrying out surveillance. "
+#| "And I was told that in Brazil, the use of unauthorized copies was in fact "
+#| "used as an excuse to imprison the activists of the landless rural workers "
+#| "movement, which has since switched to free software to escape from this "
+#| "danger. And they indeed could not afford the authorized copies of "
+#| "software. So, these things are not lined up directly on a straight line, "
+#| "but there is an increasing parallel between them, an increasing "
+#| "relationship."
msgid ""
"At the moment I would not go quite so far as to say that non free software "
"couldn't be usable by opposition movements, because many of them are using "
@@ -174,18 +315,88 @@
"share with other people and to agree to that is an unethical act in itself, "
"which we should reject. And that is the basic reason why I started the free "
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-"to escape from this danger. And they indeed could not afford the authorized "
-"copies of software. So, these things are not lined up directly on a "
-"straight line, but there is an increasing parallel between them, an "
-"increasing relationship."
+"agreeing to the license of a non free program."
+msgstr ""
+"Aujourd'hui, je n'irais pas jusqu'Ã dire que le logiciel non libre ne "
+"pourrait pas être utilisable par les mouvements d'opposition, parce que "
+"beaucoup d'entre eux l'utilisent. C'est contraire à l'éthique d'utiliser le
"
+"logiciel non libre. Parce que… Du moins c'est contraire à l'éthique "
+"d'en utiliser des copies licites, mais quelle que soit la copie, ce n'est "
+"pas une bonne chose. Vous voyez, pour utiliser une copie licite, vous devez "
+"accepter de ne pas partager avec d'autres personnes ; en soi, c'est un acte "
+"contraire à l'éthique, qu'on devrait refuser. C'est la raison fondamentale "
+"pour laquelle j'ai lancé le mouvement du logiciel libre. Je voulais "
+"faciliter le refus d'un acte contraire à l'éthique, accepter la licence
d'un "
+"logiciel non libre. Si vous utilisez une copie illicite, alors vous n'avez "
+"pas accepté cela, vous n'avez pas commis cet acte contraire à l'éthique. "
+"Mais vous êtes toujours… vous êtes condamné à vivre caché. Et
vous "
+"n'êtes toujours pas en mesure d'obtenir le code source, aussi ne pouvez-vous
"
+"pas dire à coup sûr ce que font ces programmes. Et ils pourraient, de fait,
"
+"exercer une surveillance. On m'a dit qu'au Brésil, l'utilisation de copies "
+"illicites était utilisée en pratique comme argument pour mettre en prison "
+"les activistes du mouvement des travailleurs ruraux sans terre, qui depuis a "
+"migré vers le logiciel libre pour échapper à ce danger. Ils ne pouvaient "
+"bien sûr s'offrir de copies licites des logiciels. Ainsi, ces choses ne sont
"
+"pas en droite ligne l'une de l'autre mais il y a un parallèle et une "
+"relation croissante entre elles."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | [-At the moment I would not go quite so far as to say that non free
+# | software couldn't be usable by opposition movements, because many of them
+# | are using it. It is not ethical to use non free software.
+# | Because… At least it is not ethical to use authorized copies. But
+# | it is not a good thing to use any copies. You see to use authorized
+# | copies, you have to agree not to share with other people and to agree to
+# | that is an unethical act in itself, which we should reject. And that is
+# | the basic reason why I started the free software movement. I wanted to
+# | make it easy to reject the unethical act of agreeing to the license of a
+# | non free program.-]If you are using an unauthorized copy then you haven't
+# | agreed to that. You haven't committed that unethical act. But you are
+# | still… you are condemned to living underground. And, you are still
+# | unable to get the source code, so you can't tell for certain what those
+# | programs do. And they might in fact be carrying out surveillance. And I
+# | was told that in Brazil, the use of unauthorized copies was in fact used
+# | as an excuse to imprison the activists of the landless rural workers
+# | movement, which has since switched to free software to escape from this
+# | danger. And they indeed could not afford the authorized copies of
+# | software. So, these things are not lined up directly on a straight line,
+# | but there is an increasing parallel between them, an increasing
+# | relationship.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "At the moment I would not go quite so far as to say that non free "
+#| "software couldn't be usable by opposition movements, because many of them "
+#| "are using it. It is not ethical to use non free software. "
+#| "Because… At least it is not ethical to use authorized copies. But "
+#| "it is not a good thing to use any copies. You see to use authorized "
+#| "copies, you have to agree not to share with other people and to agree to "
+#| "that is an unethical act in itself, which we should reject. And that is "
+#| "the basic reason why I started the free software movement. I wanted to "
+#| "make it easy to reject the unethical act of agreeing to the license of a "
+#| "non free program. If you are using an unauthorized copy then you haven't "
+#| "agreed to that. You haven't committed that unethical act. But you are "
+#| "still… you are condemned to living underground. And, you are "
+#| "still unable to get the source code, so you can't tell for certain what "
+#| "those programs do. And they might in fact be carrying out surveillance. "
+#| "And I was told that in Brazil, the use of unauthorized copies was in fact "
+#| "used as an excuse to imprison the activists of the landless rural workers "
+#| "movement, which has since switched to free software to escape from this "
+#| "danger. And they indeed could not afford the authorized copies of "
+#| "software. So, these things are not lined up directly on a straight line, "
+#| "but there is an increasing parallel between them, an increasing "
+#| "relationship."
+msgid ""
+"If you are using an unauthorized copy then you haven't agreed to that. You "
+"haven't committed that unethical act. But you are still… you are "
+"condemned to living underground. And, you are still unable to get the "
+"source code, so you can't tell for certain what those programs do. And they "
+"might in fact be carrying out surveillance. And I was told that in Brazil, "
+"the use of unauthorized copies was in fact used as an excuse to imprison the "
+"activists of the landless rural workers movement, which has since switched "
+"to free software to escape from this danger. And they indeed could not "
+"afford the authorized copies of software. So, these things are not lined up "
+"directly on a straight line, but there is an increasing parallel between "
+"them, an increasing relationship."
msgstr ""
"Aujourd'hui, je n'irais pas jusqu'Ã dire que le logiciel non libre ne "
"pourrait pas être utilisable par les mouvements d'opposition, parce que "
@@ -237,7 +448,11 @@
"from these ethical and social issues while talking about our work. And they "
"have been quite successful, there are many people who use our free software, "
"which we developed for the sake of freedom and cooperation who have never "
-"heard the reasons for which we did so. And, this makes our community weak. "
+"heard the reasons for which we did so. And, this makes our community weak."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
"It is like a nation that has freedom but most of its people have never been "
"taught to value freedom. They are in a vulnerable position, because if you "
"say to them: “Give up your freedom and I give you this valuable "
@@ -249,55 +464,23 @@
"together with some non free user subjugating software and so they say the "
"user subjugating software is a bonus, that it enhances the system. And if "
"you haven't learnt to value freedom, you won't see any reason to disbelieve "
-"them. But this is not a new problem and it is not limited to large "
-"corporations. All of the commercial distributors of the GNU/Linux system "
-"going back something like 7 or 8 years, have made a practice of including "
-"non free software in their distributions, and this is something I have been "
-"trying to push against in various ways, without much success. But, in fact, "
-"even the non commercial distributors of the GNU+Linux operating system have "
-"been including and distributing non free software, and the sad thing was, "
-"that of all the many distributions, until recently there was none, that I "
-"could recommend. Now I know of one, that I can recommend, its called “"
-"Ututo-e”, it comes from Argentina. I hope that very soon I will be "
-"able to recommend another."
-msgstr ""
-"Pas directement. Parce que tant qu'un programme est un logiciel libre, ce "
-"qui veut dire que l'utilisateur n'est pas contrôlé par ses développeurs,
que "
-"ces développeurs soient de grosses entreprises, de petites entreprises, "
-"quelques individus ou autre chose, tant que le logiciel est libre, ils ne "
-"contrôlent pas les gens. Cependant, la plupart des utilisateurs de logiciels
"
-"libres ne les perçoivent pas en termes éthiques ou sociaux. Il existe un "
-"mouvement très efficace et très important appelé le mouvement open source,
"
-"qui a été conçu spécialement pour détourner l'attention des utilisateurs
de "
-"ces questions éthiques et sociales tout en parlant de notre travail. Et ils "
-"ont tout à fait réussi ; il y a de nombreuses personnes qui utilisent les "
-"logiciels libres que nous avons développés au nom de la liberté et de la "
-"coopération, et qui n'ont jamais entendu parler des raisons pour lesquelles "
-"nous l'avons fait. Ceci affaiblit notre communauté. C'est comme une nation "
-"qui est libre mais dont la plupart des membres n'ont jamais appris à "
-"attacher de l'importance à la liberté. Ils sont en situation de "
-"vulnérabilité parce que si vous leur disiez « Abandonnez votre liberté
et je "
-"vous donne cette chose de valeur », ils pourraient dire « oui » parce
qu'ils "
-"n'ont jamais appris pourquoi ils devraient dire « non ». Vous rapprochez "
-"cela des entreprises qui pourraient vouloir retirer aux gens leur liberté et
"
-"empiéter progressivement sur elle, et vous obtenez une vulnérabilité. Et
ce "
-"que nous constatons, c'est que nombre d'entreprises de développement et de "
-"distribution de logiciel libre l'empaquettent avec du logiciel non libre qui "
-"assujettit l'utilisateur, tout en disant que ce logiciel qui assujettit "
-"l'utilisateur est un bonus, qui améliore le système. Si vous n'avez pas "
-"appris à attacher de la valeur à la liberté, vous ne voyez pas de raison
de "
-"ne pas les croire. Mais ceci n'est pas un problème nouveau et il ne se "
-"limite pas aux grandes entreprises. Dans les 7 ou 8 dernières années, tous
"
-"les distributeurs commerciaux du système GNU/Linux ont pris l'habitude "
-"d'inclure du logiciel non libre dans leurs distributions. C'est une chose "
-"contre laquelle j'ai essayé de lutter de différentes manières, sans
beaucoup "
-"de succès. Mais, en réalité, même les distributeurs non commerciaux du "
-"système d'exploitation GNU+Linux ont inclus et distribué du logiciel non "
-"libre, et la chose attristante est que, parmi les nombreuses distributions, "
-"jusqu'à récemment, il n'y en avait aucune que je pouvais recommander. "
-"Aujourd'hui, j'en connais une que je peux recommander ; elle s'appelle "
-"« Ututo-e » et vient d'Argentine. J'espère pouvoir en recommander une
autre "
-"très prochainement."
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"But this is not a new problem and it is not limited to large corporations. "
+"All of the commercial distributors of the GNU/Linux system going back "
+"something like 7 or 8 years, have made a practice of including non free "
+"software in their distributions, and this is something I have been trying to "
+"push against in various ways, without much success. But, in fact, even the "
+"non commercial distributors of the GNU+Linux operating system have been "
+"including and distributing non free software, and the sad thing was, that of "
+"all the many distributions, until recently there was none, that I could "
+"recommend. Now I know of one, that I can recommend, its called “Ututo-"
+"e”, it comes from Argentina. I hope that very soon I will be able to "
+"recommend another."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid ""
@@ -319,7 +502,11 @@
"you first sign a promise you will not share it with anyone else”, you "
"are being asked to betray the rest of humanity. And I reached the "
"conclusion in the early eighties, that this was evil, it is wrong treatment "
-"of other people. But there was no other way of using a modern computer. "
+"of other people. But there was no other way of using a modern computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
"All the operating systems required exactly such a betrayal before you could "
"get a copy. And that was in order to get an executable binary copy. You "
"could not have the source code at all. The executable binary copy is just a "
@@ -327,51 +514,57 @@
"of it. The source code looks sort of like mathematics, and if you have "
"learned how to program you could read that. But that intelligible form you "
"could not even get after you signed the betrayal. All you would get is the "
-"nonsensical numbers, which only the computer can understand. So, I decided "
-"to create an alternative, which meant, another operating system, one that "
-"would not have these unethical requirements. One, that you could get in the "
-"form of source code, so that, if you decided to learn to program you could "
-"understand it. And you would get it without betraying other people and you "
-"would be free to pass it on to others. Free either to give away copies or "
-"sell copies. So I began developing the GNU system, which in the early "
-"nineties was the bulk of what people erroneously started to call Linux. And "
-"so it all exists because of an ethical refusal to go along with an "
-"antisocial practice. But this is controversial."
-msgstr ""
-"Le mouvement open source a été créé spécialement pour se débarrasser du
"
-"fondement éthique du mouvement du logiciel libre. Le mouvement du logiciel "
-"libre se fonde sur le jugement éthique que le logiciel non libre est "
-"antisocial, que c'est faire du tort aux autres. Je suis arrivé à cette "
-"conclusion avant de commencer à développer le système GNU. J'ai
développé le "
-"système GNU spécialement pour créer une alternative à une manière
d'utiliser "
-"le logiciel contraire à l'éthique. Quand quelqu'un vous dit « Vous pouvez
"
-"avoir ce logiciel sympa, mais seulement si vous signez une promesse que vous "
-"ne le partagerez avec personne », on vous demande de trahir le reste de "
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que "
-"c'était mal et que c'était faire du tort aux gens. Mais il n'y avait pas "
-"d'autre moyen d'utiliser un ordinateur moderne. Tous les systèmes "
-"d'exploitation réclamaient une trahison de cette sorte avant que vous ne "
-"puissiez en obtenir une copie. Et c'était pour obtenir un binaire "
-"exécutable. Vous ne pouviez pas du tout obtenir le code. Le binaire "
-"exécutable est juste une suite de nombres, de laquelle même un programmeur
a "
-"du mal à dégager du sens. Le code source ressemble à des mathématiques,
et "
-"si vous avez appris la programmation, vous êtes capable de le lire. Mais, "
-"après avoir signé la trahison, vous ne pouviez même pas obtenir cette
forme "
-"intelligible. Tout ce que vous pouviez obtenir, c'était les nombres dénués
"
-"de sens que seuls les ordinateurs peuvent comprendre. C'est pourquoi j'ai "
-"décidé de créer une alternative, c'est-à -dire un autre système "
-"d'exploitation, un système qui n'aurait pas ces exigences contraires à "
-"l'éthique ; un système que vous pourriez obtenir sous forme de code
source, "
-"de sorte que si vous décidiez d'apprendre la programmation vous puissiez le "
-"comprendre. Vous l'obtiendriez sans trahir les autres et vous seriez libre "
-"de le communiquer à d'autres personnes â libre, soit d'en donner des
copies, "
-"soit de les vendre. Alors j'ai commencé à développer le système GNU, qui
au "
-"début des années 1980 constituait la plus grande partie de ce que les gens "
-"ont, par erreur, commencé à appeler Linux. Ainsi donc, tout cela existe "
-"grâce au refus, par souci éthique, de s'accommoder d'une pratique "
-"antisociale. Mais cela est sujet à controverse. "
+"nonsensical numbers, which only the computer can understand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"So, I decided to create an alternative, which meant, another operating "
+"system, one that would not have these unethical requirements. One, that you "
+"could get in the form of source code, so that, if you decided to learn to "
+"program you could understand it. And you would get it without betraying "
+"other people and you would be free to pass it on to others. Free either to "
+"give away copies or sell copies. So I began developing the GNU system, "
+"which in the early nineties was the bulk of what people erroneously started "
+"to call Linux. And so it all exists because of an ethical refusal to go "
+"along with an antisocial practice. But this is controversial."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+# | In the nineties as the GNU+Linux system became popular and got to have
+# | some millions of users, many of them were techies with technical blinders
+# | on, who did not want to look at things in terms of right and wrong, but
+# | only in terms of effective or ineffective. So they began telling many
+# | other people, here is an operating system that is very reliable, and is
+# | powerful, and it's cool and exciting, and you can get it cheap. And they
+# | did not mention, that this allowed you to avoid an unethical betrayal of
+# | the rest of society. That it allowed users to avoid being kept divided
+# | and helpless. [-So, there were many people who used free software, but
+# | had never even heard of these ideas. And that included people in
+# | business, who were committed to an amoral approach to their lives. So,
+# | when somebody proposed the term “Open Source”, they seized on
+# | that, as a way that they could bury these ethical ideas. Now, they have a
+# | right to promote their views. But, I don't share their views, so I
+# | decline ever to do anything under the rubric of “Open Source”,
+# | and I hope that you will, too.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the nineties as the GNU+Linux system became popular and got to have "
+#| "some millions of users, many of them were techies with technical blinders "
+#| "on, who did not want to look at things in terms of right and wrong, but "
+#| "only in terms of effective or ineffective. So they began telling many "
+#| "other people, here is an operating system that is very reliable, and is "
+#| "powerful, and it's cool and exciting, and you can get it cheap. And they "
+#| "did not mention, that this allowed you to avoid an unethical betrayal of "
+#| "the rest of society. That it allowed users to avoid being kept divided "
+#| "and helpless. So, there were many people who used free software, but had "
+#| "never even heard of these ideas. And that included people in business, "
+#| "who were committed to an amoral approach to their lives. So, when "
+#| "somebody proposed the term “Open Source”, they seized on "
+#| "that, as a way that they could bury these ethical ideas. Now, they have "
+#| "a right to promote their views. But, I don't share their views, so I "
+#| "decline ever to do anything under the rubric of “Open "
+#| "Source”, and I hope that you will, too."
msgid ""
"In the nineties as the GNU+Linux system became popular and got to have some "
"millions of users, many of them were techies with technical blinders on, who "
@@ -380,14 +573,70 @@
"here is an operating system that is very reliable, and is powerful, and it's "
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-"share their views, so I decline ever to do anything under the rubric of "
-"“Open Source”, and I hope that you will, too."
+"That it allowed users to avoid being kept divided and helpless."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans les années 1990, alors que le système GNU+Linux devenait populaire et "
+"parvenait à avoir des millions d'utilisateurs, beaucoup étaient des "
+"techniciens avec des Åillères techniques qui ne voulaient pas regarder les "
+"choses en termes de bien et de mal, mais seulement en termes d'efficacité et
"
+"d'inefficacité. Ainsi, ils commencèrent à dire à beaucoup d'autres :
voilà "
+"un système très fiable, très puissant, qui est cool et passionnant et que "
+"vous pouvez avoir à bon marché. Et ils ne mentionnaient pas que cela vous "
+"permettait d'éviter une trahison, contraire à l'éthique, du reste de "
+"l'humanité. Que cela vous permettait d'éviter d'être maintenus divisés et
"
+"démunis. Ainsi, il y avait de nombreuses personnes qui utilisaient le "
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+"comprenait des gens qui étaient dans les affaires, et dont l'approche de la "
+"vie était dénuée de morale. Aussi, quand quelqu'un a proposé le terme "
+"d'« open source », ils se sont rués dessus, pour en faire un moyen "
+"d'enterrer ces considérations d'éthique. Ils ont le droit de promouvoir
leur "
+"point de vue, mais je ne le partage pas. C'est pourquoi je refuse à jamais "
+"de faire quoi que ce soit sous le vocable « open source » et j'espère
que "
+"vous ferez de même, vous aussi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+# | [-In the nineties as the GNU+Linux system became popular and got to have
+# | some millions of users, many of them were techies with technical blinders
+# | on, who did not want to look at things in terms of right and wrong, but
+# | only in terms of effective or ineffective. So they began telling many
+# | other people, here is an operating system that is very reliable, and is
+# | powerful, and it's cool and exciting, and you can get it cheap. And they
+# | did not mention, that this allowed you to avoid an unethical betrayal of
+# | the rest of society. That it allowed users to avoid being kept divided
+# | and helpless.-]So, there were many people who used free software, but had
+# | never even heard of these ideas. And that included people in business,
+# | who were committed to an amoral approach to their lives. So, when
+# | somebody proposed the term “Open Source”, they seized on that,
+# | as a way that they could bury these ethical ideas. Now, they have a right
+# | to promote their views. But, I don't share their views, so I decline ever
+# | to do anything under the rubric of “Open Source”, and I hope
+# | that you will, too.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the nineties as the GNU+Linux system became popular and got to have "
+#| "some millions of users, many of them were techies with technical blinders "
+#| "on, who did not want to look at things in terms of right and wrong, but "
+#| "only in terms of effective or ineffective. So they began telling many "
+#| "other people, here is an operating system that is very reliable, and is "
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+msgid ""
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msgstr ""
"Dans les années 1990, alors que le système GNU+Linux devenait populaire et "
"parvenait à avoir des millions d'utilisateurs, beaucoup étaient des "
@@ -464,6 +713,44 @@
"développée différemment de ce que vous aviez imaginé au début ?"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | Well, by and large, I am pretty happy with it. But of course there are
+# | some things that I am not happy with, mainly the weakness that so many
+# | people in the community do not think of it is an issue of freedom, have
+# | not learned to value their freedom or even to recognize it. That makes
+# | our future survival questionable. It makes us weak. And so, when we face
+# | various threats, this weakness hampers our response. Our community could
+# | be destroyed by software idea patents. It could be destroyed by
+# | treacherous computing. It can be destroyed simply by hardware
+# | manufacturers' refusal to tell us enough about how to use the hardware, so
+# | that we can't write free software to run the hardware. [-There are many
+# | vulnerabilities, that we have over the long-term. And, well the things we
+# | have to do to survive these threats are different, in all cases, the more
+# | aware we are, the more motivated we are, the easier it will be for us to
+# | do whatever it takes. So the most fundamental long-term thing we have to
+# | recognize and then value the freedom that free software gives so that the
+# | users fight for their freedoms the same like people fight for freedom of
+# | speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, because those freedoms
+# | are also greatly threatened in the world today.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Well, by and large, I am pretty happy with it. But of course there are "
+#| "some things that I am not happy with, mainly the weakness that so many "
+#| "people in the community do not think of it is an issue of freedom, have "
+#| "not learned to value their freedom or even to recognize it. That makes "
+#| "our future survival questionable. It makes us weak. And so, when we "
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+#| "we have to do to survive these threats are different, in all cases, the "
+#| "more aware we are, the more motivated we are, the easier it will be for "
+#| "us to do whatever it takes. So the most fundamental long-term thing we "
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+#| "that the users fight for their freedoms the same like people fight for "
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msgid ""
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@@ -474,15 +761,78 @@
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+"hardware."
+msgstr ""
+"Eh bien, dans l'ensemble, j'en suis assez content. Mais il y a bien sûr des "
+"choses qui ne me plaisent pas, essentiellement un point faible : un grand "
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+"l'angle de la liberté, ils n'ont pas appris à attacher de l'importance à "
+"leur liberté ni même à la reconnaître. Cela rend notre survie incertaine.
"
+"Cela nous affaiblit. Et, ainsi, alors que nous sommes confrontés à des "
+"menaces variées, cette faiblesse rend notre réponse difficile. Notre "
+"communauté pourrait être anéantie par les brevets logiciels. Elle pourrait
"
+"être anéantie par l'informatique déloyale. Elle pourrait être anéantie "
+"simplement par le refus des fabricants de matériel de nous communiquer assez
"
+"d'informations sur la manière d'utiliser le matériel, ce qui ferait que
nous "
+"ne pourrions plus écrire de logiciels libres pour piloter ce matériel. Il y
"
+"a de nombreux points faibles que nous avons sur le long terme. Pour survivre "
+"à ces menaces, nous devons faire différentes choses, mais dans tous les
cas, "
+"plus nous sommes conscients, plus nous sommes motivés, plus il nous sera "
+"facile de faire ce qu'il faut. Ainsi, la chose la plus fondamentale que nous "
+"devons reconnaître et mettre en valeur sur le long terme, c'est la liberté "
+"qu'apporte le logiciel libre, de manière que les utilisateurs se battent "
+"pour leur liberté comme les gens se battent pour la liberté d'expression,
la "
+"liberté de la presse, la liberté de réunion, parce que ces libertés sont "
+"elles aussi grandement menacées dans le monde aujourd'hui."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | [-Well, by and large, I am pretty happy with it. But of course there are
+# | some things that I am not happy with, mainly the weakness that so many
+# | people in the community do not think of it is an issue of freedom, have
+# | not learned to value their freedom or even to recognize it. That makes
+# | our future survival questionable. It makes us weak. And so, when we face
+# | various threats, this weakness hampers our response. Our community could
+# | be destroyed by software idea patents. It could be destroyed by
+# | treacherous computing. It can be destroyed simply by hardware
+# | manufacturers' refusal to tell us enough about how to use the hardware, so
+# | that we can't write free software to run the hardware.-]There are many
+# | vulnerabilities, that we have over the long-term. And, well the things we
+# | have to do to survive these threats are different, in all cases, the more
+# | aware we are, the more motivated we are, the easier it will be for us to
+# | do whatever it takes. So the most fundamental long-term thing we have to
+# | recognize and then value the freedom that free software gives so that the
+# | users fight for their freedoms the same like people fight for freedom of
+# | speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, because those freedoms
+# | are also greatly threatened in the world today.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Well, by and large, I am pretty happy with it. But of course there are "
+#| "some things that I am not happy with, mainly the weakness that so many "
+#| "people in the community do not think of it is an issue of freedom, have "
+#| "not learned to value their freedom or even to recognize it. That makes "
+#| "our future survival questionable. It makes us weak. And so, when we "
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+#| "could be destroyed by software idea patents. It could be destroyed by "
+#| "treacherous computing. It can be destroyed simply by hardware "
+#| "manufacturers' refusal to tell us enough about how to use the hardware, "
+#| "so that we can't write free software to run the hardware. There are many "
+#| "vulnerabilities, that we have over the long-term. And, well the things "
+#| "we have to do to survive these threats are different, in all cases, the "
+#| "more aware we are, the more motivated we are, the easier it will be for "
+#| "us to do whatever it takes. So the most fundamental long-term thing we "
+#| "have to recognize and then value the freedom that free software gives so "
+#| "that the users fight for their freedoms the same like people fight for "
+#| "freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, because "
+#| "those freedoms are also greatly threatened in the world today."
+msgid ""
+"There are many vulnerabilities, that we have over the long-term. And, well "
+"the things we have to do to survive these threats are different, in all "
+"cases, the more aware we are, the more motivated we are, the easier it will "
+"be for us to do whatever it takes. So the most fundamental long-term thing "
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+"that the users fight for their freedoms the same like people fight for "
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+"freedoms are also greatly threatened in the world today."
msgstr ""
"Eh bien, dans l'ensemble, j'en suis assez content. Mais il y a bien sûr des "
"choses qui ne me plaisent pas, essentiellement un point faible : un grand "
@@ -523,74 +873,47 @@
"software”. Well partly at this point it is inertia, social inertia. "
"Lots of people have learnt to use windows. And they haven't yet learned to "
"use GNU/Linux. It is no longer very hard to learn GNU/Linux, 5 years ago it "
-"was hard, now it is not. But still, it is more than zero. And people who "
-"are, you know,… if you never learned any computer system, than "
-"learning GNU/Linux is as easy as anything, but if you already learned "
-"windows it's easier. It's easier to keep doing what you know. So that's "
-"inertia. And there are more people trained in running windows systems than "
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-"a problem that hardware manufacturers don't cooperate with us the way they "
-"cooperate with Microsoft. So we have that inertia as well. And then we "
-"have the danger in some countries of software idea patents. I would like "
-"everybody reading this to talk to all of — or anybody listening to "
-"this — to talk to all of their candidates for the European Parliament "
-"and ask where do you stand on software idea patents? Will you vote to "
-"reinstate the parliament's amendments that were adopted last September and "
-"that apparently are being removed by the Council of Ministers? Will you vote "
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-"oppose software idea patents?” The people who wrote the directives "
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-"is because the directive says, that anything to be patented must have a "
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-"this, admitted that, that terms means exactly what they want it to mean, "
-"humpty-dumpty style, so, in fact, it is no limitation on anything. So if a "
-"candidate says: I support the commissions draft because it won't allow "
-"software idea patents you can point this out. And press the question: "
-"“Will you vote for the parliaments previous amendments?”"
-msgstr ""
-"Je dois souligner que notre but n'est pas précisément de croître. Notre
but "
-"est de libérer le cyberespace. Cela signifie libérer tous les utilisateurs "
-"de l'informatique. Nous espérons qu'au final ils opteront tous pour le "
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-"notre but, ce serait manquer la question ultime. Mais si j'entends la "
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-"libre ? », eh bien, en partie c'est l'inertie, l'inertie sociale. Beaucoup
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-"de gens ont appris à utiliser Windows, et ils n'ont pas encore appris à "
-"utiliser GNU/Linux. Ce n'est plus très difficile d'apprendre GNU/Linux. Il y
"
-"a 5 ans, c'était difficile, plus maintenant. Mais c'est toujours plus "
-"difficile que ne rien faire. Et les gens qui sont, vous savez… si "
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-"Windows que de gens formés à utiliser le système GNU/Linux. Chaque fois
que "
-"vous essayez de convaincre les gens de changer, vous luttez contre "
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ne "
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cette "
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logiciels "
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-"ceux qui l'écoutent) s'adressent à tous leurs candidats aux élections du "
-"Parlement européen et leur demandent de se situer par rapport à la question
"
-"des brevets logiciels. « Voterez-vous pour le rétablissement des
amendements "
-"du parlement qui ont été adoptés en septembre dernier, et qui apparemment "
-"vont être annulés par le Conseil de ministres ? Voterez-vous pour
rétablir "
-"ces amendements en seconde lecture ? » C'est une question très concrète
à "
-"laquelle on répond par oui ou par non. Vous obtiendrez souvent d'autres "
-"types de réponse. Vous pourrez obtenir des réponses évasives si vous "
-"demandez : « Ãtes-vous pour ou contre les brevets logiciels ? ». Les
gens "
-"qui ont rédigé la directive prétendent qu'elle n'autorise pas les brevets "
-"logiciels ; ils disent que c'est parce que, d'après cette directive, tout
ce "
-"qui peut faire l'objet d'un brevet doit être de nature technique. Mais une "
-"personne de la Commission qui travaille sur ce dossier admet que ce terme "
-"signifie ce qu'ils veulent qu'il signifie. Effet de style pour endormir le "
-"monde ; donc, en fait il ne limite rien. Alors, si un candidat vous dit : "
-"« Je soutiens le texte de la Commission car il n'autorise pas les brevets "
-"logiciels », vous pouvez lui faire cette remarque et reposer la question "
-"avec insistance : « Voterez-vous pour les amendements précédents du "
-"Parlement ? »"
+"was hard, now it is not. But still, it is more than zero."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"And people who are, you know,… if you never learned any computer "
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+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
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+"And then we have the danger in some countries of software idea patents. I "
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+"Ministers? Will you vote to bring back those amendments in the second "
+"reading? This is a very concrete question. With a yes or no answer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"You will often get other kinds of — you may get evasive answers if you "
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+"Commission involved in this, admitted that, that terms means exactly what "
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+"press the question: “Will you vote for the parliaments previous "
+"amendments?”"
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "Okay thanks very much."
@@ -669,6 +992,227 @@
msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Not directly. Because as long as a program is free software, that means "
+#~ "the users are not being dominated by its developers whether these "
+#~ "developers be it a large business, a small business, a few individuals or "
+#~ "whatever, as long as the software is free they are not dominating "
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+#~ "j'entends la question comme « Qu'est-ce qui entrave le développement du
"
+#~ "logiciel libre ? », eh bien, en partie c'est l'inertie, l'inertie "
+#~ "sociale. Beaucoup de gens ont appris à utiliser Windows, et ils n'ont
pas "
+#~ "encore appris à utiliser GNU/Linux. Ce n'est plus très difficile "
+#~ "d'apprendre GNU/Linux. Il y a 5 ans, c'était difficile, plus maintenant.
"
+#~ "Mais c'est toujours plus difficile que ne rien faire. Et les gens qui "
+#~ "sont, vous savez… si vous n'avez appris aucun système "
+#~ "d'exploitation, alors apprendre GNU/Linux est aussi facile que n'importe "
+#~ "quoi d'autre, mais si vous avez déjà appris Windows, c'est plus facile
de "
+#~ "continuer à faire ce que vous savez faire. C'est ça l'inertie. Et il y a
"
+#~ "plus de gens formés à utiliser le système Windows que de gens formés Ã
"
+#~ "utiliser le système GNU/Linux. Chaque fois que vous essayez de convaincre
"
+#~ "les gens de changer, vous luttez contre l'inertie. De plus, nous avons le "
+#~ "problème que les fabricants de matériel ne coopèrent pas avec nous
comme "
+#~ "ils coopèrent avec Microsoft. Nous avons cette inertie-là également. Et
"
+#~ "ensuite, nous avons le danger des brevets logiciels dans certains pays. "
+#~ "Je souhaiterais que tous ceux qui lisent ceci (ou tous ceux qui "
+#~ "l'écoutent) s'adressent à tous leurs candidats aux élections du
Parlement "
+#~ "européen et leur demandent de se situer par rapport à la question des "
+#~ "brevets logiciels. « Voterez-vous pour le rétablissement des
amendements "
+#~ "du parlement qui ont été adoptés en septembre dernier, et qui
apparemment "
+#~ "vont être annulés par le Conseil de ministres ? Voterez-vous pour "
+#~ "rétablir ces amendements en seconde lecture ? » C'est une question
très "
+#~ "concrète à laquelle on répond par oui ou par non. Vous obtiendrez
souvent "
+#~ "d'autres types de réponse. Vous pourrez obtenir des réponses évasives
si "
+#~ "vous demandez : « Ãtes-vous pour ou contre les brevets logiciels ?Â
». Les "
+#~ "gens qui ont rédigé la directive prétendent qu'elle n'autorise pas les "
+#~ "brevets logiciels ; ils disent que c'est parce que, d'après cette "
+#~ "directive, tout ce qui peut faire l'objet d'un brevet doit être de nature
"
+#~ "technique. Mais une personne de la Commission qui travaille sur ce "
+#~ "dossier admet que ce terme signifie ce qu'ils veulent qu'il signifie. "
+#~ "Effet de style pour endormir le monde ; donc, en fait il ne limite rien. "
+#~ "Alors, si un candidat vous dit : « Je soutiens le texte de la
Commission "
+#~ "car il n'autorise pas les brevets logiciels », vous pouvez lui faire "
+#~ "cette remarque et reposer la question avec insistance : « Voterez-vous "
+#~ "pour les amendements précédents du Parlement ? »"
+
+#~ msgid ""
#~ "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire interview is permitted "
#~ "in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."
#~ msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:34 -0000
1.9
+++ philosophy/po/rms-interview-edinburgh.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:39 -0000
1.10
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: rms-interview-edinburgh.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -83,14 +83,19 @@
"movement against domination, not necessarily against corporate domination, "
"but against any domination. The users of software should not be dominated "
"by the developers of the software, whether those developers be corporations "
-"or individuals or universities or what. The users shouldn't be kept divided "
-"and helpless. And that's what non-free software does; It keeps the users "
-"divided and helpless. Divided because you are forbidden to share copies "
-"with anyone else and helpless because you don't get the source code. So you "
-"can't even tell what the program does, let alone change it. So there is "
-"definitely a relationship. We are working against domination by software "
-"developers, many of those software developers are corporations. And some "
-"large corporations exert a form of domination through non free software."
+"or individuals or universities or what."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"The users shouldn't be kept divided and helpless. And that's what non-free "
+"software does; It keeps the users divided and helpless. Divided because you "
+"are forbidden to share copies with anyone else and helpless because you "
+"don't get the source code. So you can't even tell what the program does, "
+"let alone change it. So there is definitely a relationship. We are working "
+"against domination by software developers, many of those software developers "
+"are corporations. And some large corporations exert a form of domination "
+"through non free software."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
@@ -113,18 +118,22 @@
"share with other people and to agree to that is an unethical act in itself, "
"which we should reject. And that is the basic reason why I started the free "
"software movement. I wanted to make it easy to reject the unethical act of "
-"agreeing to the license of a non free program. If you are using an "
-"unauthorized copy then you haven't agreed to that. You haven't committed "
-"that unethical act. But you are still… you are condemned to living "
-"underground. And, you are still unable to get the source code, so you can't "
-"tell for certain what those programs do. And they might in fact be carrying "
-"out surveillance. And I was told that in Brazil, the use of unauthorized "
-"copies was in fact used as an excuse to imprison the activists of the "
-"landless rural workers movement, which has since switched to free software "
-"to escape from this danger. And they indeed could not afford the authorized "
-"copies of software. So, these things are not lined up directly on a "
-"straight line, but there is an increasing parallel between them, an "
-"increasing relationship."
+"agreeing to the license of a non free program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"If you are using an unauthorized copy then you haven't agreed to that. You "
+"haven't committed that unethical act. But you are still… you are "
+"condemned to living underground. And, you are still unable to get the "
+"source code, so you can't tell for certain what those programs do. And they "
+"might in fact be carrying out surveillance. And I was told that in Brazil, "
+"the use of unauthorized copies was in fact used as an excuse to imprison the "
+"activists of the landless rural workers movement, which has since switched "
+"to free software to escape from this danger. And they indeed could not "
+"afford the authorized copies of software. So, these things are not lined up "
+"directly on a straight line, but there is an increasing parallel between "
+"them, an increasing relationship."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
@@ -148,7 +157,11 @@
"from these ethical and social issues while talking about our work. And they "
"have been quite successful, there are many people who use our free software, "
"which we developed for the sake of freedom and cooperation who have never "
-"heard the reasons for which we did so. And, this makes our community weak. "
+"heard the reasons for which we did so. And, this makes our community weak."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
"It is like a nation that has freedom but most of its people have never been "
"taught to value freedom. They are in a vulnerable position, because if you "
"say to them: “Give up your freedom and I give you this valuable "
@@ -160,15 +173,20 @@
"together with some non free user subjugating software and so they say the "
"user subjugating software is a bonus, that it enhances the system. And if "
"you haven't learnt to value freedom, you won't see any reason to disbelieve "
-"them. But this is not a new problem and it is not limited to large "
-"corporations. All of the commercial distributors of the GNU/Linux system "
-"going back something like 7 or 8 years, have made a practice of including "
-"non free software in their distributions, and this is something I have been "
-"trying to push against in various ways, without much success. But, in fact, "
-"even the non commercial distributors of the GNU+Linux operating system have "
-"been including and distributing non free software, and the sad thing was, "
-"that of all the many distributions, until recently there was none, that I "
-"could recommend. Now I know of one, that I can recommend, its called "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"But this is not a new problem and it is not limited to large corporations. "
+"All of the commercial distributors of the GNU/Linux system going back "
+"something like 7 or 8 years, have made a practice of including non free "
+"software in their distributions, and this is something I have been trying to "
+"push against in various ways, without much success. But, in fact, even the "
+"non commercial distributors of the GNU+Linux operating system have been "
+"including and distributing non free software, and the sad thing was, that of "
+"all the many distributions, until recently there was none, that I could "
+"recommend. Now I know of one, that I can recommend, its called "
"“Ututo-e”, it comes from Argentina. I hope that very soon I "
"will be able to recommend another."
msgstr ""
@@ -191,7 +209,11 @@
"you first sign a promise you will not share it with anyone else”, you "
"are being asked to betray the rest of humanity. And I reached the "
"conclusion in the early eighties, that this was evil, it is wrong treatment "
-"of other people. But there was no other way of using a modern computer. "
+"of other people. But there was no other way of using a modern computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
"All the operating systems required exactly such a betrayal before you could "
"get a copy. And that was in order to get an executable binary copy. You "
"could not have the source code at all. The executable binary copy is just a "
@@ -199,16 +221,20 @@
"of it. The source code looks sort of like mathematics, and if you have "
"learned how to program you could read that. But that intelligible form you "
"could not even get after you signed the betrayal. All you would get is the "
-"nonsensical numbers, which only the computer can understand. So, I decided "
-"to create an alternative, which meant, another operating system, one that "
-"would not have these unethical requirements. One, that you could get in the "
-"form of source code, so that, if you decided to learn to program you could "
-"understand it. And you would get it without betraying other people and you "
-"would be free to pass it on to others. Free either to give away copies or "
-"sell copies. So I began developing the GNU system, which in the early "
-"nineties was the bulk of what people erroneously started to call Linux. And "
-"so it all exists because of an ethical refusal to go along with an "
-"antisocial practice. But this is controversial."
+"nonsensical numbers, which only the computer can understand."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"So, I decided to create an alternative, which meant, another operating "
+"system, one that would not have these unethical requirements. One, that you "
+"could get in the form of source code, so that, if you decided to learn to "
+"program you could understand it. And you would get it without betraying "
+"other people and you would be free to pass it on to others. Free either to "
+"give away copies or sell copies. So I began developing the GNU system, "
+"which in the early nineties was the bulk of what people erroneously started "
+"to call Linux. And so it all exists because of an ethical refusal to go "
+"along with an antisocial practice. But this is controversial."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
@@ -220,10 +246,14 @@
"here is an operating system that is very reliable, and is powerful, and it's "
"cool and exciting, and you can get it cheap. And they did not mention, that "
"this allowed you to avoid an unethical betrayal of the rest of society. "
-"That it allowed users to avoid being kept divided and helpless. So, there "
-"were many people who used free software, but had never even heard of these "
-"ideas. And that included people in business, who were committed to an "
-"amoral approach to their lives. So, when somebody proposed the term "
+"That it allowed users to avoid being kept divided and helpless."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So, there were many people who used free software, but had never even heard "
+"of these ideas. And that included people in business, who were committed to "
+"an amoral approach to their lives. So, when somebody proposed the term "
"“Open Source”, they seized on that, as a way that they could "
"bury these ethical ideas. Now, they have a right to promote their views. "
"But, I don't share their views, so I decline ever to do anything under the "
@@ -273,15 +303,19 @@
"idea patents. It could be destroyed by treacherous computing. It can be "
"destroyed simply by hardware manufacturers' refusal to tell us enough about "
"how to use the hardware, so that we can't write free software to run the "
-"hardware. There are many vulnerabilities, that we have over the long-term. "
-"And, well the things we have to do to survive these threats are different, "
-"in all cases, the more aware we are, the more motivated we are, the easier "
-"it will be for us to do whatever it takes. So the most fundamental "
-"long-term thing we have to recognize and then value the freedom that free "
-"software gives so that the users fight for their freedoms the same like "
-"people fight for freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of "
-"assembly, because those freedoms are also greatly threatened in the world "
-"today."
+"hardware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"There are many vulnerabilities, that we have over the long-term. And, well "
+"the things we have to do to survive these threats are different, in all "
+"cases, the more aware we are, the more motivated we are, the easier it will "
+"be for us to do whatever it takes. So the most fundamental long-term thing "
+"we have to recognize and then value the freedom that free software gives so "
+"that the users fight for their freedoms the same like people fight for "
+"freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, because those "
+"freedoms are also greatly threatened in the world today."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
@@ -298,33 +332,46 @@
"software”. Well partly at this point it is inertia, social inertia. "
"Lots of people have learnt to use windows. And they haven't yet learned to "
"use GNU/Linux. It is no longer very hard to learn GNU/Linux, 5 years ago it "
-"was hard, now it is not. But still, it is more than zero. And people who "
-"are, you know,… if you never learned any computer system, than "
-"learning GNU/Linux is as easy as anything, but if you already learned "
-"windows it's easier. It's easier to keep doing what you know. So that's "
-"inertia. And there are more people trained in running windows systems than "
-"in running GNU/Linux systems. So, any time you are trying to convince "
-"people to change over, you are working against inertia. In addition we have "
-"a problem that hardware manufacturers don't cooperate with us the way they "
-"cooperate with Microsoft. So we have that inertia as well. And then we "
-"have the danger in some countries of software idea patents. I would like "
-"everybody reading this to talk to all of — or anybody listening to "
-"this — to talk to all of their candidates for the European Parliament "
-"and ask where do you stand on software idea patents? Will you vote to "
-"reinstate the parliament's amendments that were adopted last September and "
-"that apparently are being removed by the Council of Ministers? Will you vote "
-"to bring back those amendments in the second reading? This is a very "
-"concrete question. With a yes or no answer. You will often get other kinds "
-"of — you may get evasive answers if you ask “Do you support or "
-"oppose software idea patents?” The people who wrote the directives "
-"claim that it does not authorize software idea patents, they say that this "
-"is because the directive says, that anything to be patented must have a "
-"technical character. But, somebody in the European Commission involved in "
-"this, admitted that, that terms means exactly what they want it to mean, "
-"humpty-dumpty style, so, in fact, it is no limitation on anything. So if a "
-"candidate says: I support the commissions draft because it won't allow "
-"software idea patents you can point this out. And press the question: "
-"“Will you vote for the parliaments previous amendments?”"
+"was hard, now it is not. But still, it is more than zero."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"And people who are, you know,… if you never learned any computer "
+"system, than learning GNU/Linux is as easy as anything, but if you already "
+"learned windows it's easier. It's easier to keep doing what you know. So "
+"that's inertia. And there are more people trained in running windows "
+"systems than in running GNU/Linux systems. So, any time you are trying to "
+"convince people to change over, you are working against inertia. In "
+"addition we have a problem that hardware manufacturers don't cooperate with "
+"us the way they cooperate with Microsoft. So we have that inertia as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"And then we have the danger in some countries of software idea patents. I "
+"would like everybody reading this to talk to all of — or anybody "
+"listening to this — to talk to all of their candidates for the "
+"European Parliament and ask where do you stand on software idea patents? "
+"Will you vote to reinstate the parliament's amendments that were adopted "
+"last September and that apparently are being removed by the Council of "
+"Ministers? Will you vote to bring back those amendments in the second "
+"reading? This is a very concrete question. With a yes or no answer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"You will often get other kinds of — you may get evasive answers if you "
+"ask “Do you support or oppose software idea patents?” The people "
+"who wrote the directives claim that it does not authorize software idea "
+"patents, they say that this is because the directive says, that anything to "
+"be patented must have a technical character. But, somebody in the European "
+"Commission involved in this, admitted that, that terms means exactly what "
+"they want it to mean, humpty-dumpty style, so, in fact, it is no limitation "
+"on anything. So if a candidate says: I support the commissions draft "
+"because it won't allow software idea patents you can point this out. And "
+"press the question: “Will you vote for the parliaments previous "
+"amendments?”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
Index: philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.po 23 Sep 2012 12:18:52 -0000 1.11
+++ philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:39 -0000 1.12
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: rms-on-radio-nz.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-09-20 09:54+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -298,6 +299,44 @@
"chose qu'on appelle le terrorisme, non ?"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | Yes, but it's a minor problem. More people died in the US in September
+# | 2001 from car accidents than from a terrorist attack, and that continues
+# | month after month, but we don't have a Global War on Accidents, so
+# | basically politicians used a real danger, but not the world's biggest
+# | danger, as an excuse for what they want to do, which is … and
+# | remember that these governments are much more dangerous, it's quite clear
+# | that Bush's invasion of Iraq was far more destructive than anything non
+# | state-sponsored terrorists have been able to do — that's assuming
+# | that those terrorists in September 2001 were not state-sponsored, which we
+# | don't know — but the point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, using
+# | those attacks as an excuse, was tremendously worse and we must remember
+# | than governments gone amok can do far more damage than anybody not
+# | state-sponsored. [-After all, governments have a lot more men under arms
+# | and they don't have to hide the fact that they have men under arms, so
+# | they're in a much bigger position to do damage, so we must be concerned
+# | about letting them have too much power. A world in which the police can
+# | easily do whatever they'd like to do is a world in which the police are a
+# | threat.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Yes, but it's a minor problem. More people died in the US in September "
+#| "2001 from car accidents than from a terrorist attack, and that continues "
+#| "month after month, but we don't have a Global War on Accidents, so "
+#| "basically politicians used a real danger, but not the world's biggest "
+#| "danger, as an excuse for what they want to do, which is … and "
+#| "remember that these governments are much more dangerous, it's quite clear "
+#| "that Bush's invasion of Iraq was far more destructive than anything non "
+#| "state-sponsored terrorists have been able to do — that's assuming "
+#| "that those terrorists in September 2001 were not state-sponsored, which "
+#| "we don't know — but the point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, "
+#| "using those attacks as an excuse, was tremendously worse and we must "
+#| "remember than governments gone amok can do far more damage than anybody "
+#| "not state-sponsored. After all, governments have a lot more men under "
+#| "arms and they don't have to hide the fact that they have men under arms, "
+#| "so they're in a much bigger position to do damage, so we must be "
+#| "concerned about letting them have too much power. A world in which the "
+#| "police can easily do whatever they'd like to do is a world in which the "
+#| "police are a threat."
msgid ""
"Yes, but it's a minor problem. More people died in the US in September 2001 "
"from car accidents than from a terrorist attack, and that continues month "
@@ -311,11 +350,7 @@
"— but the point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, using those "
"attacks as an excuse, was tremendously worse and we must remember than "
"governments gone amok can do far more damage than anybody not state-"
-"sponsored. After all, governments have a lot more men under arms and they "
-"don't have to hide the fact that they have men under arms, so they're in a "
-"much bigger position to do damage, so we must be concerned about letting "
-"them have too much power. A world in which the police can easily do "
-"whatever they'd like to do is a world in which the police are a threat."
+"sponsored."
msgstr ""
"Oui, mais c'est un problème mineur. En septembre 2001, il y a eu plus de "
"morts aux Ãtats-Unis dans les accidents de la route que par suite d'une "
@@ -338,6 +373,15 @@
"accorder trop de pouvoir. Un monde dans lequel la police peut faire "
"facilement ce qu'elle veut est un monde dans lequel la police est une menace."
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"After all, governments have a lot more men under arms and they don't have to "
+"hide the fact that they have men under arms, so they're in a much bigger "
+"position to do damage, so we must be concerned about letting them have too "
+"much power. A world in which the police can easily do whatever they'd like "
+"to do is a world in which the police are a threat."
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid "[04:30]"
msgstr "<a id=\"t0430\" href=\"#t0000-rev\">[04:30]</a>"
@@ -683,6 +727,38 @@
msgstr "<a id=\"t1220\" href=\"#t0000-rev\">[12:20]</a>"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | Ah, no I don't see it's any problem at all. Police have lots of things
+# | they can do to investigate people and it's more all the time and whenever
+# | there's a specific reason to suspect particular people they can basically
+# | get permission to search whatever. So OK, that's necessary, but beyond
+# | that we've got to be careful not to go, and the digital surveillance
+# | society goes far beyond that, there's a tendency to keep records of
+# | everything, check everything. In New York City for instance a taxi driver
+# | told me he had been required to install a camera which transmits by radio
+# | people's faces to the police where they run face recognition over it. [-I
+# | don't think that should be allowed. I don't mind if they have a system
+# | that records people's faces and keeps it for a week in case somebody
+# | attacks the taxi driver, that's not going to do anything to us if we don't
+# | attack taxi drivers. We can make use of surveillance technology in ways
+# | that don't threaten people's rights but we've got to make sure we use them
+# | in those ways.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Ah, no I don't see it's any problem at all. Police have lots of things "
+#| "they can do to investigate people and it's more all the time and whenever "
+#| "there's a specific reason to suspect particular people they can basically "
+#| "get permission to search whatever. So OK, that's necessary, but beyond "
+#| "that we've got to be careful not to go, and the digital surveillance "
+#| "society goes far beyond that, there's a tendency to keep records of "
+#| "everything, check everything. In New York City for instance a taxi "
+#| "driver told me he had been required to install a camera which transmits "
+#| "by radio people's faces to the police where they run face recognition "
+#| "over it. I don't think that should be allowed. I don't mind if they "
+#| "have a system that records people's faces and keeps it for a week in case "
+#| "somebody attacks the taxi driver, that's not going to do anything to us "
+#| "if we don't attack taxi drivers. We can make use of surveillance "
+#| "technology in ways that don't threaten people's rights but we've got to "
+#| "make sure we use them in those ways."
msgid ""
"Ah, no I don't see it's any problem at all. Police have lots of things they "
"can do to investigate people and it's more all the time and whenever there's "
@@ -692,12 +768,7 @@
"far beyond that, there's a tendency to keep records of everything, check "
"everything. In New York City for instance a taxi driver told me he had been "
"required to install a camera which transmits by radio people's faces to the "
-"police where they run face recognition over it. I don't think that should "
-"be allowed. I don't mind if they have a system that records people's faces "
-"and keeps it for a week in case somebody attacks the taxi driver, that's not "
-"going to do anything to us if we don't attack taxi drivers. We can make use "
-"of surveillance technology in ways that don't threaten people's rights but "
-"we've got to make sure we use them in those ways."
+"police where they run face recognition over it."
msgstr ""
"Non, je ne crois pas qu'il y ait un problème. La police dispose de toujours "
"plus de moyens pour enquêter sur les gens, et s'il y a la moindre raison de "
@@ -718,6 +789,16 @@
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
msgid ""
+"I don't think that should be allowed. I don't mind if they have a system "
+"that records people's faces and keeps it for a week in case somebody attacks "
+"the taxi driver, that's not going to do anything to us if we don't attack "
+"taxi drivers. We can make use of surveillance technology in ways that don't "
+"threaten people's rights but we've got to make sure we use them in those "
+"ways."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
"How come you can justify people being treated as if they're going to attack "
"taxi drivers …"
msgstr ""
@@ -897,6 +978,41 @@
msgstr "<a id=\"t1724\" href=\"#t0000-rev\">[17:24]</a>"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | Well, the so-called Free Trade treaties, which I don't like to call that,
+# | they're designed to transfer power from our governments to companies.
+# | They all do this in one way, which is they let companies threaten to move
+# | to another country, or move their operations; and so any time the people
+# | are demanding that a government protect the environment, or the public
+# | health, or the general standard of living, or anything else that's more
+# | important than just who's going to buy and sell what, companies can say
+# | “we're against this, and if you do this we'll just move our
+# | operations elsewhere” and the politicians now have a wonderful
+# | excuse for why they're not going to do it. [-Of course it was they who
+# | decided to adopt that treaty in the first place which they shouldn't have
+# | done. But then a lot of these treaties go beyond that, and they
+# | explicitly deny democracy. Now the US had a law that said it wouldn't
+# | sell tuna — you weren't allowed to sell tuna in the US if it had
+# | been caught in a way that endangered dolphins. Well that law had to be
+# | scrapped because of the World Trade Organization, that's just one
+# | example.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Well, the so-called Free Trade treaties, which I don't like to call that, "
+#| "they're designed to transfer power from our governments to companies. "
+#| "They all do this in one way, which is they let companies threaten to move "
+#| "to another country, or move their operations; and so any time the people "
+#| "are demanding that a government protect the environment, or the public "
+#| "health, or the general standard of living, or anything else that's more "
+#| "important than just who's going to buy and sell what, companies can say "
+#| "“we're against this, and if you do this we'll just move our "
+#| "operations elsewhere” and the politicians now have a wonderful "
+#| "excuse for why they're not going to do it. Of course it was they who "
+#| "decided to adopt that treaty in the first place which they shouldn't have "
+#| "done. But then a lot of these treaties go beyond that, and they "
+#| "explicitly deny democracy. Now the US had a law that said it wouldn't "
+#| "sell tuna — you weren't allowed to sell tuna in the US if it had "
+#| "been caught in a way that endangered dolphins. Well that law had to be "
+#| "scrapped because of the World Trade Organization, that's just one example."
msgid ""
"Well, the so-called Free Trade treaties, which I don't like to call that, "
"they're designed to transfer power from our governments to companies. They "
@@ -907,13 +1023,7 @@
"than just who's going to buy and sell what, companies can say “we're "
"against this, and if you do this we'll just move our operations "
"elsewhere” and the politicians now have a wonderful excuse for why "
-"they're not going to do it. Of course it was they who decided to adopt that "
-"treaty in the first place which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of "
-"these treaties go beyond that, and they explicitly deny democracy. Now the "
-"US had a law that said it wouldn't sell tuna — you weren't allowed to "
-"sell tuna in the US if it had been caught in a way that endangered "
-"dolphins. Well that law had to be scrapped because of the World Trade "
-"Organization, that's just one example."
+"they're not going to do it."
msgstr ""
"Aux soi-disants traités de libre-échange (je n'aime pas les appeler ainsi).
"
"Ils sont conçus pour faire passer le pouvoir des mains des gouvernements à "
@@ -933,6 +1043,16 @@
"exemple parmi d'autres."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Of course it was they who decided to adopt that treaty in the first place "
+"which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of these treaties go beyond "
+"that, and they explicitly deny democracy. Now the US had a law that said it "
+"wouldn't sell tuna — you weren't allowed to sell tuna in the US if it "
+"had been caught in a way that endangered dolphins. Well that law had to be "
+"scrapped because of the World Trade Organization, that's just one example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
msgid "Because it was regarded as a trade barrier."
msgstr "Elle a été considérée comme une barrière aux échanges."
@@ -1265,6 +1385,53 @@
msgstr "<a id=\"t2531\" href=\"#t0000-rev\">[25:31]</a>"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | They can do that anyway you know with printed books, that's the motive for
+# | e-books. E-books are designed to stop you from doing things like lending
+# | the book to your friend or selling it to a used bookstore and borrowing it
+# | from a public library. They're designed to turn public libraries into
+# | retail outlets. And the reason they do this is they want to establish a
+# | pay-per-read universe. They're following the twisted logic that says the
+# | most important thing is how much money people pay and everybody who reads
+# | had a debt, now owes money and he has to be made to pay. I think this is
+# | entirely twisted and I'm against it, because the freedom to share must be
+# | respected. [-But I have other proposals for ways to support artists. And
+# | remember the current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think
+# | it works very well. And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get
+# | treated with great deference by the corporations, and the rest basically
+# | get ground into the dust. My proposals — I have two, and another
+# | that combines them — one proposal is support artists using taxes, it
+# | could either be a specific tax on Internet connectivity or general funds,
+# | it wouldn't be a tremendous amount of money by comparison with other
+# | government expenditures, and then you divide this among artists by
+# | measuring their popularity, but you don't divide it in linear proportion,
+# | 'cos if you did that a large portion of this money would go to making
+# | superstars richer and it's not needed, what I propose is take the cube
+# | root of the popularity.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "They can do that anyway you know with printed books, that's the motive "
+#| "for e-books. E-books are designed to stop you from doing things like "
+#| "lending the book to your friend or selling it to a used bookstore and "
+#| "borrowing it from a public library. They're designed to turn public "
+#| "libraries into retail outlets. And the reason they do this is they want "
+#| "to establish a pay-per-read universe. They're following the twisted "
+#| "logic that says the most important thing is how much money people pay and "
+#| "everybody who reads had a debt, now owes money and he has to be made to "
+#| "pay. I think this is entirely twisted and I'm against it, because the "
+#| "freedom to share must be respected. But I have other proposals for ways "
+#| "to support artists. And remember the current system mostly supports "
+#| "corporations, so I don't think it works very well. And it makes a few "
+#| "authors quite rich, and those get treated with great deference by the "
+#| "corporations, and the rest basically get ground into the dust. My "
+#| "proposals — I have two, and another that combines them — one "
+#| "proposal is support artists using taxes, it could either be a specific "
+#| "tax on Internet connectivity or general funds, it wouldn't be a "
+#| "tremendous amount of money by comparison with other government "
+#| "expenditures, and then you divide this among artists by measuring their "
+#| "popularity, but you don't divide it in linear proportion, 'cos if you did "
+#| "that a large portion of this money would go to making superstars richer "
+#| "and it's not needed, what I propose is take the cube root of the "
+#| "popularity."
msgid ""
"They can do that anyway you know with printed books, that's the motive for e-"
"books. E-books are designed to stop you from doing things like lending the "
@@ -1274,7 +1441,81 @@
"read universe. They're following the twisted logic that says the most "
"important thing is how much money people pay and everybody who reads had a "
"debt, now owes money and he has to be made to pay. I think this is entirely "
-"twisted and I'm against it, because the freedom to share must be respected. "
+"twisted and I'm against it, because the freedom to share must be respected."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous savez, ils peuvent déjà le faire avec les livres imprimés. C'est la "
+"raison pour laquelle le livre électronique a été inventé. Il est conçu
pour "
+"vous empêcher de faire des choses comme le prêter à un ami, ou le vendre Ã
"
+"un bouquiniste, ou l'emprunter dans une bibliothèque. Il est conçu pour "
+"transformer les bibliothèques en commerces de détail. Le but est
d'instaurer "
+"un monde de paiement à l'acte. Selon cette logique perverse, la seule chose "
+"qui compte c'est combien les gens vont payer ; tout les lecteurs ont "
+"contracté une dette, ils doivent de l'argent et vont devoir payer. Je pense "
+"que c'est complètement pervers, et je suis contre, car il faut garantir la "
+"liberté de partage. Mais j'ai d'autres propositions pour soutenir les "
+"artistes. N'oubliez pas que le système actuel soutient essentiellement les "
+"grandes entreprises, et donc ne fonctionne pas bien de ce point de vue. "
+"Quelques auteurs deviennent très riches ; à ceux-là , les majors montrent "
+"beaucoup d'égards tandis qu'ils traitent les autres comme des moins que "
+"rien. J'ai deux propositions (et une troisième qui est une combinaison des "
+"deux autres). La première est de soutenir les artistes avec l'argent public,
"
+"soit en puisant dans le budget général, soit en créant une taxe
spécifique "
+"sur la connexion à Internet. Comparé à d'autres postes du budget, cela ne "
+"représenterait pas une somme astronomique, et cette somme serait répartie "
+"entre les artistes en fonction de leur popularité. Cette répartition ne "
+"serait pas forcément linéaire, sinon cela ne servirait qu'à rendre les "
+"superstars encore plus riche, ce qui n'est pas nécessaire. Ce que je "
+"propose, c'est d'utiliser la racine cubique de la popularité."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | [-They can do that anyway you know with printed books, that's the motive
+# | for e-books. E-books are designed to stop you from doing things like
+# | lending the book to your friend or selling it to a used bookstore and
+# | borrowing it from a public library. They're designed to turn public
+# | libraries into retail outlets. And the reason they do this is they want
+# | to establish a pay-per-read universe. They're following the twisted logic
+# | that says the most important thing is how much money people pay and
+# | everybody who reads had a debt, now owes money and he has to be made to
+# | pay. I think this is entirely twisted and I'm against it, because the
+# | freedom to share must be respected.-]But I have other proposals for ways
+# | to support artists. And remember the current system mostly supports
+# | corporations, so I don't think it works very well. And it makes a few
+# | authors quite rich, and those get treated with great deference by the
+# | corporations, and the rest basically get ground into the dust. My
+# | proposals — I have two, and another that combines them — one
+# | proposal is support artists using taxes, it could either be a specific tax
+# | on Internet connectivity or general funds, it wouldn't be a tremendous
+# | amount of money by comparison with other government expenditures, and then
+# | you divide this among artists by measuring their popularity, but you don't
+# | divide it in linear proportion, 'cos if you did that a large portion of
+# | this money would go to making superstars richer and it's not needed, what
+# | I propose is take the cube root of the popularity.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "They can do that anyway you know with printed books, that's the motive "
+#| "for e-books. E-books are designed to stop you from doing things like "
+#| "lending the book to your friend or selling it to a used bookstore and "
+#| "borrowing it from a public library. They're designed to turn public "
+#| "libraries into retail outlets. And the reason they do this is they want "
+#| "to establish a pay-per-read universe. They're following the twisted "
+#| "logic that says the most important thing is how much money people pay and "
+#| "everybody who reads had a debt, now owes money and he has to be made to "
+#| "pay. I think this is entirely twisted and I'm against it, because the "
+#| "freedom to share must be respected. But I have other proposals for ways "
+#| "to support artists. And remember the current system mostly supports "
+#| "corporations, so I don't think it works very well. And it makes a few "
+#| "authors quite rich, and those get treated with great deference by the "
+#| "corporations, and the rest basically get ground into the dust. My "
+#| "proposals — I have two, and another that combines them — one "
+#| "proposal is support artists using taxes, it could either be a specific "
+#| "tax on Internet connectivity or general funds, it wouldn't be a "
+#| "tremendous amount of money by comparison with other government "
+#| "expenditures, and then you divide this among artists by measuring their "
+#| "popularity, but you don't divide it in linear proportion, 'cos if you did "
+#| "that a large portion of this money would go to making superstars richer "
+#| "and it's not needed, what I propose is take the cube root of the "
+#| "popularity."
+msgid ""
"But I have other proposals for ways to support artists. And remember the "
"current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think it works very "
"well. And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get treated with "
@@ -1800,6 +2041,38 @@
msgstr "<a id=\"t3808\" href=\"#t0000-rev\">[38:08]</a>"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is
+# | negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell publishers
+# | what's in the text that they're working on, but they won't tell the
+# | public. So the point is that the; many governments, including of course
+# | the US are conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on us relating
+# | to copyright and part of their latest propaganda is they call sharing
+# | “counterfeiting”. [-But the point is that this treaty will
+# | have provisions to restrict the public, we think, but they won't tell us.
+# | This is called Policy Laundering, this general practice; instead of
+# | democratically considering a law, which means the public gets to know
+# | what's being considered, gets to talk to the legislators, sees how they
+# | voted and so on, in secret they negotiate a treaty and then they come back
+# | and they say “we can't change the treaty and we obviously can't
+# | refuse it, so we're all now, we've just arranged for our country to be
+# | stuck with this law.”-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is "
+#| "negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell "
+#| "publishers what's in the text that they're working on, but they won't "
+#| "tell the public. So the point is that the; many governments, including "
+#| "of course the US are conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on "
+#| "us relating to copyright and part of their latest propaganda is they call "
+#| "sharing “counterfeiting”. But the point is that this treaty "
+#| "will have provisions to restrict the public, we think, but they won't "
+#| "tell us. This is called Policy Laundering, this general practice; "
+#| "instead of democratically considering a law, which means the public gets "
+#| "to know what's being considered, gets to talk to the legislators, sees "
+#| "how they voted and so on, in secret they negotiate a treaty and then they "
+#| "come back and they say “we can't change the treaty and we obviously "
+#| "can't refuse it, so we're all now, we've just arranged for our country to "
+#| "be stuck with this law.”"
msgid ""
"We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is "
"negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell publishers "
@@ -1807,15 +2080,69 @@
"So the point is that the; many governments, including of course the US are "
"conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on us relating to copyright "
"and part of their latest propaganda is they call sharing “"
-"counterfeiting”. But the point is that this treaty will have "
-"provisions to restrict the public, we think, but they won't tell us. This "
-"is called Policy Laundering, this general practice; instead of "
-"democratically considering a law, which means the public gets to know what's "
-"being considered, gets to talk to the legislators, sees how they voted and "
-"so on, in secret they negotiate a treaty and then they come back and they "
-"say “we can't change the treaty and we obviously can't refuse it, so "
-"we're all now, we've just arranged for our country to be stuck with this law."
-"”"
+"counterfeiting”."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous n'avons même pas mentionné l'<acronym title=\"Anti-Conterfeiting Trade
"
+"Agreement\">ACTA</acronym> (Accord commercial anticontrefaçon), le traité "
+"secret que la Nouvelle-Zélande est en train de négocier pour brider ses "
+"citoyens. Ils disent aux éditeurs ce qu'il y a dans le texte sur lequel ils "
+"travaillent, mais ils refusent d'en parler aux citoyens. De nombreux "
+"gouvernements, dont les Ãtats-Unis bien sûr, conspirent en secret pour nous
"
+"imposer de nouvelles restrictions touchant au copyright. Leur dernière "
+"trouvaille en matière de propagande consiste à remplacer le terme "
+"«â¯partageâ¯Â» par celui de «â¯contrefaçonâ¯Â». L'important, c'est que
ce traité "
+"sera doté, nous pensons, de dispositions visant à limiter les droits des "
+"citoyens ; mais ils refusent d'en parler. C'est ce qu'on appelle du "
+"blanchiment politique, une pratique généralisée. Au lieu de débattre "
+"démocratiquement d'une loi â ce qui suppose que les citoyens soient
informés "
+"des débats, puissent s'adresser aux parlementaires, puissent savoir comment "
+"ceux-ci ont voté, et ainsi de suite â ils vont négocier un traité en
secret "
+"et, quand ils reviennent, ils disent «â¯le traité n'est plus modifiable,
et "
+"on ne peut pas refuser de le ratifierâ¯Â», et donc on se retrouve avec une "
+"nouvelle législation qui s'impose au pays."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+# | [-We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is
+# | negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell publishers
+# | what's in the text that they're working on, but they won't tell the
+# | public. So the point is that the; many governments, including of course
+# | the US are conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on us relating
+# | to copyright and part of their latest propaganda is they call sharing
+# | “counterfeiting”.-]But the point is that this treaty will have
+# | provisions to restrict the public, we think, but they won't tell us. This
+# | is called Policy Laundering, this general practice; instead of
+# | democratically considering a law, which means the public gets to know
+# | what's being considered, gets to talk to the legislators, sees how they
+# | voted and so on, in secret they negotiate a treaty and then they come back
+# | and they say “we can't change the treaty and we obviously can't
+# | refuse it, so we're all now, we've just arranged for our country to be
+# | stuck with this law.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is "
+#| "negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell "
+#| "publishers what's in the text that they're working on, but they won't "
+#| "tell the public. So the point is that the; many governments, including "
+#| "of course the US are conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on "
+#| "us relating to copyright and part of their latest propaganda is they call "
+#| "sharing “counterfeiting”. But the point is that this treaty "
+#| "will have provisions to restrict the public, we think, but they won't "
+#| "tell us. This is called Policy Laundering, this general practice; "
+#| "instead of democratically considering a law, which means the public gets "
+#| "to know what's being considered, gets to talk to the legislators, sees "
+#| "how they voted and so on, in secret they negotiate a treaty and then they "
+#| "come back and they say “we can't change the treaty and we obviously "
+#| "can't refuse it, so we're all now, we've just arranged for our country to "
+#| "be stuck with this law.”"
+msgid ""
+"But the point is that this treaty will have provisions to restrict the "
+"public, we think, but they won't tell us. This is called Policy Laundering, "
+"this general practice; instead of democratically considering a law, which "
+"means the public gets to know what's being considered, gets to talk to the "
+"legislators, sees how they voted and so on, in secret they negotiate a "
+"treaty and then they come back and they say “we can't change the "
+"treaty and we obviously can't refuse it, so we're all now, we've just "
+"arranged for our country to be stuck with this law.”"
msgstr ""
"Nous n'avons même pas mentionné l'<acronym title=\"Anti-Conterfeiting Trade
"
"Agreement\">ACTA</acronym> (Accord commercial anticontrefaçon), le traité "
Index: philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:35 -0000 1.10
+++ philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:39 -0000 1.11
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: rms-on-radio-nz.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -259,11 +259,16 @@
"— but the point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, using those "
"attacks as an excuse, was tremendously worse and we must remember than "
"governments gone amok can do far more damage than anybody not "
-"state-sponsored. After all, governments have a lot more men under arms and "
-"they don't have to hide the fact that they have men under arms, so they're "
-"in a much bigger position to do damage, so we must be concerned about "
-"letting them have too much power. A world in which the police can easily do "
-"whatever they'd like to do is a world in which the police are a threat."
+"state-sponsored."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"After all, governments have a lot more men under arms and they don't have to "
+"hide the fact that they have men under arms, so they're in a much bigger "
+"position to do damage, so we must be concerned about letting them have too "
+"much power. A world in which the police can easily do whatever they'd like "
+"to do is a world in which the police are a threat."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
@@ -514,12 +519,17 @@
"far beyond that, there's a tendency to keep records of everything, check "
"everything. In New York City for instance a taxi driver told me he had been "
"required to install a camera which transmits by radio people's faces to the "
-"police where they run face recognition over it. I don't think that should "
-"be allowed. I don't mind if they have a system that records people's faces "
-"and keeps it for a week in case somebody attacks the taxi driver, that's not "
-"going to do anything to us if we don't attack taxi drivers. We can make use "
-"of surveillance technology in ways that don't threaten people's rights but "
-"we've got to make sure we use them in those ways."
+"police where they run face recognition over it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"I don't think that should be allowed. I don't mind if they have a system "
+"that records people's faces and keeps it for a week in case somebody attacks "
+"the taxi driver, that's not going to do anything to us if we don't attack "
+"taxi drivers. We can make use of surveillance technology in ways that don't "
+"threaten people's rights but we've got to make sure we use them in those "
+"ways."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
@@ -663,13 +673,17 @@
"than just who's going to buy and sell what, companies can say “we're "
"against this, and if you do this we'll just move our operations "
"elsewhere” and the politicians now have a wonderful excuse for why "
-"they're not going to do it. Of course it was they who decided to adopt that "
-"treaty in the first place which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of "
-"these treaties go beyond that, and they explicitly deny democracy. Now the "
-"US had a law that said it wouldn't sell tuna — you weren't allowed to "
-"sell tuna in the US if it had been caught in a way that endangered "
-"dolphins. Well that law had to be scrapped because of the World Trade "
-"Organization, that's just one example."
+"they're not going to do it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Of course it was they who decided to adopt that treaty in the first place "
+"which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of these treaties go beyond "
+"that, and they explicitly deny democracy. Now the US had a law that said it "
+"wouldn't sell tuna — you weren't allowed to sell tuna in the US if it "
+"had been caught in a way that endangered dolphins. Well that law had to be "
+"scrapped because of the World Trade Organization, that's just one example."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
@@ -928,18 +942,23 @@
"most important thing is how much money people pay and everybody who reads "
"had a debt, now owes money and he has to be made to pay. I think this is "
"entirely twisted and I'm against it, because the freedom to share must be "
-"respected. But I have other proposals for ways to support artists. And "
-"remember the current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think "
-"it works very well. And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get "
-"treated with great deference by the corporations, and the rest basically get "
-"ground into the dust. My proposals — I have two, and another that "
-"combines them — one proposal is support artists using taxes, it could "
-"either be a specific tax on Internet connectivity or general funds, it "
-"wouldn't be a tremendous amount of money by comparison with other government "
-"expenditures, and then you divide this among artists by measuring their "
-"popularity, but you don't divide it in linear proportion, 'cos if you did "
-"that a large portion of this money would go to making superstars richer and "
-"it's not needed, what I propose is take the cube root of the popularity."
+"respected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"But I have other proposals for ways to support artists. And remember the "
+"current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think it works very "
+"well. And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get treated with "
+"great deference by the corporations, and the rest basically get ground into "
+"the dust. My proposals — I have two, and another that combines them "
+"— one proposal is support artists using taxes, it could either be a "
+"specific tax on Internet connectivity or general funds, it wouldn't be a "
+"tremendous amount of money by comparison with other government expenditures, "
+"and then you divide this among artists by measuring their popularity, but "
+"you don't divide it in linear proportion, 'cos if you did that a large "
+"portion of this money would go to making superstars richer and it's not "
+"needed, what I propose is take the cube root of the popularity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
@@ -1295,15 +1314,19 @@
"So the point is that the; many governments, including of course the US are "
"conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on us relating to copyright "
"and part of their latest propaganda is they call sharing "
-"“counterfeiting”. But the point is that this treaty will have "
-"provisions to restrict the public, we think, but they won't tell us. This "
-"is called Policy Laundering, this general practice; instead of "
-"democratically considering a law, which means the public gets to know what's "
-"being considered, gets to talk to the legislators, sees how they voted and "
-"so on, in secret they negotiate a treaty and then they come back and they "
-"say “we can't change the treaty and we obviously can't refuse it, so "
-"we're all now, we've just arranged for our country to be stuck with this "
-"law.”"
+"“counterfeiting”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"But the point is that this treaty will have provisions to restrict the "
+"public, we think, but they won't tell us. This is called Policy Laundering, "
+"this general practice; instead of democratically considering a law, which "
+"means the public gets to know what's being considered, gets to talk to the "
+"legislators, sees how they voted and so on, in secret they negotiate a "
+"treaty and then they come back and they say “we can't change the "
+"treaty and we obviously can't refuse it, so we're all now, we've just "
+"arranged for our country to be stuck with this law.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
Index: philosophy/po/software-patents.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/software-patents.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- philosophy/po/software-patents.fr.po 17 Aug 2012 20:09:25 -0000
1.22
+++ philosophy/po/software-patents.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:39 -0000
1.23
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: software-patents.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-08-15 11:23+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -108,6 +109,41 @@
"soit. Cela ne favorise ni la clarté de la pensée, ni l'ouverture d'esprit."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | There is an additional problem which has nothing to do with promoting any
+# | one opinion. It gets in the way of understanding even the facts. The
+# | term “intellectual property” is a catch-all. It lumps
+# | together completely disparate areas of law such as copyrights and patents,
+# | which are completely different. Every detail is different. It also lumps
+# | together trademarks which are even more different, and various other
+# | things more or less commonly encountered. None of them has anything in
+# | common with any of the others. Their origins historically are completely
+# | separate. [-The laws were designed independently. They covered different
+# | areas of life and activities. The public policy issues they raise are
+# | completely unrelated. So, if you try to think about them by lumping them
+# | together, you are guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. There is
+# | literally no sensible intelligent opinion you can have about
+# | “Intellectual Property”. If you want to think clearly, don't
+# | lump them together. Think about copyrights and then think about patents.
+# | Learn about copyright law and separately learn about patent law.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is an additional problem which has nothing to do with promoting any "
+#| "one opinion. It gets in the way of understanding even the facts. The "
+#| "term “intellectual property” is a catch-all. It lumps "
+#| "together completely disparate areas of law such as copyrights and "
+#| "patents, which are completely different. Every detail is different. It "
+#| "also lumps together trademarks which are even more different, and various "
+#| "other things more or less commonly encountered. None of them has "
+#| "anything in common with any of the others. Their origins historically "
+#| "are completely separate. The laws were designed independently. They "
+#| "covered different areas of life and activities. The public policy issues "
+#| "they raise are completely unrelated. So, if you try to think about them "
+#| "by lumping them together, you are guaranteed to come to foolish "
+#| "conclusions. There is literally no sensible intelligent opinion you can "
+#| "have about “Intellectual Property”. If you want to think "
+#| "clearly, don't lump them together. Think about copyrights and then think "
+#| "about patents. Learn about copyright law and separately learn about "
+#| "patent law."
msgid ""
"There is an additional problem which has nothing to do with promoting any "
"one opinion. It gets in the way of understanding even the facts. The term "
@@ -116,15 +152,73 @@
"completely different. Every detail is different. It also lumps together "
"trademarks which are even more different, and various other things more or "
"less commonly encountered. None of them has anything in common with any of "
-"the others. Their origins historically are completely separate. The laws "
-"were designed independently. They covered different areas of life and "
-"activities. The public policy issues they raise are completely unrelated. "
-"So, if you try to think about them by lumping them together, you are "
-"guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. There is literally no sensible "
-"intelligent opinion you can have about “Intellectual Property”. "
-"If you want to think clearly, don't lump them together. Think about "
-"copyrights and then think about patents. Learn about copyright law and "
-"separately learn about patent law."
+"the others. Their origins historically are completely separate."
+msgstr ""
+"Il a un problème supplémentaire qui n'a rien à voir avec la promotion
d'une "
+"quelconque opinion. Il fait obstacle à la compréhension même des faits. Le
"
+"terme « propriété intellectuelle » est un fourre-tout. Il englobe des "
+"branches du droit absolument disparates tels que le copyright et les "
+"brevets, qui sont totalement différentes l'une de l'autre. Chaque détail "
+"diffère. Il met également dans le même panier les marques déposées qui
en "
+"diffèrent encore plus, ainsi que diverses autres choses qu'on rencontre de "
+"temps en temps. Aucune n'a quoi que ce soit en commun avec les autres. "
+"Historiquement, elles ont des origines complètement distinctes. Les "
+"législations qui les régissent ont été conçues indépendamment. Elles "
+"couvrent des domaines de la vie et des activités différents. Les problèmes
"
+"de politique publique qu'elles soulèvent n'ont aucun rapport entre eux. "
+"Aussi, si vous essayez de réfléchir à ces questions comme à un tout, vous
"
+"êtes assuré d'en venir à des conclusions stupides. On ne peut
littéralement "
+"pas avoir d'opinion intelligente et sensée sur la « propriété "
+"intellectuelle ». Si vous voulez réfléchir clairement, ne mélangez pas
ces "
+"questions. Réfléchissez au copyright, puis aux brevets. Informez-vous sur
la "
+"législation relative au copyright, puis, séparément, sur celle relative
aux "
+"brevets."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-There is an additional problem which has nothing to do with promoting
+# | any one opinion. It gets in the way of understanding even the facts. The
+# | term “intellectual property” is a catch-all. It lumps
+# | together completely disparate areas of law such as copyrights and patents,
+# | which are completely different. Every detail is different. It also lumps
+# | together trademarks which are even more different, and various other
+# | things more or less commonly encountered. None of them has anything in
+# | common with any of the others. Their origins historically are completely
+# | separate.-]The laws were designed independently. They covered different
+# | areas of life and activities. The public policy issues they raise are
+# | completely unrelated. So, if you try to think about them by lumping them
+# | together, you are guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. There is
+# | literally no sensible intelligent opinion you can have about
+# | “Intellectual Property”. If you want to think clearly, don't
+# | lump them together. Think about copyrights and then think about patents.
+# | Learn about copyright law and separately learn about patent law.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is an additional problem which has nothing to do with promoting any "
+#| "one opinion. It gets in the way of understanding even the facts. The "
+#| "term “intellectual property” is a catch-all. It lumps "
+#| "together completely disparate areas of law such as copyrights and "
+#| "patents, which are completely different. Every detail is different. It "
+#| "also lumps together trademarks which are even more different, and various "
+#| "other things more or less commonly encountered. None of them has "
+#| "anything in common with any of the others. Their origins historically "
+#| "are completely separate. The laws were designed independently. They "
+#| "covered different areas of life and activities. The public policy issues "
+#| "they raise are completely unrelated. So, if you try to think about them "
+#| "by lumping them together, you are guaranteed to come to foolish "
+#| "conclusions. There is literally no sensible intelligent opinion you can "
+#| "have about “Intellectual Property”. If you want to think "
+#| "clearly, don't lump them together. Think about copyrights and then think "
+#| "about patents. Learn about copyright law and separately learn about "
+#| "patent law."
+msgid ""
+"The laws were designed independently. They covered different areas of life "
+"and activities. The public policy issues they raise are completely "
+"unrelated. So, if you try to think about them by lumping them together, you "
+"are guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. There is literally no "
+"sensible intelligent opinion you can have about “Intellectual "
+"Property”. If you want to think clearly, don't lump them together. "
+"Think about copyrights and then think about patents. Learn about copyright "
+"law and separately learn about patent law."
msgstr ""
"Il a un problème supplémentaire qui n'a rien à voir avec la promotion
d'une "
"quelconque opinion. Il fait obstacle à la compréhension même des faits. Le
"
@@ -285,11 +379,44 @@
"quelqu'un qui veut développer un logiciel, mais qui est obligé d'affronter "
"un système de brevets logiciels qui pourrait le conduire au procès."
-#. This link is dead and there is nothing on their site related to
-#. the patent or LZW at all, AFAICS. yavor, 18 Jul 2008
-#. <a href="http://www.unisys.com/unisys/lzw/default.asp";>
-#. patent</a>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | So, what is the first thing you are going to do after you have had an idea
+# | of what kind of program you are going to write? The first thing you might
+# | want to try to do to deal with the patent system is find out what patents
+# | may cover the program you want to write. This is impossible. The reason
+# | is that some of the patent applications that are pending are secret.
+# | After a certain amount of time they may get published, like 18 months.
+# | But that is plenty of time for you to write a program and even release it
+# | not knowing that there is going to be a patent and you are going to get
+# | sued. [-This is not just academic. In 1984, the compress program was
+# | written, a program for data compression. At the time, there was no patent
+# | on the LZW compression algorithm which it used. Then in 1985, the US
+# | issued a patent on this algorithm and over the next few years, those who
+# | distributed the compress program started getting threats. There was no
+# | way that the author of compress could have realized that he was likely to
+# | get sued. All he did was use an idea that he found in a journal just like
+# | programmers have always done. He hadn't realized that you could no longer
+# | safely use ideas that you found in a journal.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, what is the first thing you are going to do after you have had an "
+#| "idea of what kind of program you are going to write? The first thing you "
+#| "might want to try to do to deal with the patent system is find out what "
+#| "patents may cover the program you want to write. This is impossible. The "
+#| "reason is that some of the patent applications that are pending are "
+#| "secret. After a certain amount of time they may get published, like 18 "
+#| "months. But that is plenty of time for you to write a program and even "
+#| "release it not knowing that there is going to be a patent and you are "
+#| "going to get sued. This is not just academic. In 1984, the compress "
+#| "program was written, a program for data compression. At the time, there "
+#| "was no patent on the LZW compression algorithm which it used. Then in "
+#| "1985, the US issued a patent on this algorithm and over the next few "
+#| "years, those who distributed the compress program started getting "
+#| "threats. There was no way that the author of compress could have "
+#| "realized that he was likely to get sued. All he did was use an idea that "
+#| "he found in a journal just like programmers have always done. He hadn't "
+#| "realized that you could no longer safely use ideas that you found in a "
+#| "journal."
msgid ""
"So, what is the first thing you are going to do after you have had an idea "
"of what kind of program you are going to write? The first thing you might "
@@ -298,14 +425,78 @@
"that some of the patent applications that are pending are secret. After a "
"certain amount of time they may get published, like 18 months. But that is "
"plenty of time for you to write a program and even release it not knowing "
-"that there is going to be a patent and you are going to get sued. This is "
-"not just academic. In 1984, the compress program was written, a program for "
-"data compression. At the time, there was no patent on the LZW compression "
-"algorithm which it used. Then in 1985, the US issued a patent on this "
-"algorithm and over the next few years, those who distributed the compress "
-"program started getting threats. There was no way that the author of "
-"compress could have realized that he was likely to get sued. All he did was "
-"use an idea that he found in a journal just like programmers have always "
+"that there is going to be a patent and you are going to get sued."
+msgstr ""
+"Alors, qu'est-ce que vous allez faire dès que vous aurez une idée du genre "
+"de programme que vous voulez écrire ? Ce que vous ferez d'abord, pour "
+"prendre en compte le système des brevets, c'est probablement d'essayer de "
+"découvrir les brevets qui pourraient s'appliquer à ce programme. C'est "
+"impossible. La raison en est que les demandes de brevets en attente sont "
+"confidentielles. Après un certain temps, elles peuvent être publiées,
disons "
+"18 mois. Mais cela vous donne largement le temps d'écrire un programme et "
+"même de le publier, sans savoir qu'il va y avoir un brevet et que vous allez
"
+"être poursuivi. Ce n'est pas une hypothèse gratuite. En 1984, le programme "
+"<cite>compress</cite> était écrit â un programme permettant la
compression "
+"de données. à l'époque, il n'y avait pas de brevet sur l'algorithme de "
+"compression LZW qu'il utilisait. Puis, en 1985, les Ãtats-Unis ont accordé "
+"un brevet sur cet algorithme et, quelques années plus tard, ceux qui "
+"distribuaient le programme <cite>compress</cite> ont commencé à recevoir
des "
+"menaces. Il n'y avait aucun moyen pour l'auteur de <cite>compress</cite> de "
+"se rendre compte qu'il allait probablement être poursuivi. Tout ce qu'il "
+"avait fait était d'utiliser une idée trouvée dans une revue, comme les "
+"programmeurs l'ont toujours fait. Il n'avait pas réalisé qu'on ne pouvait "
+"plus utiliser les idées trouvées dans les revues en toute sécurité."
+
+#. This link is dead and there is nothing on their site related to
+#. the patent or LZW at all, AFAICS. yavor, 18 Jul 2008
+#. <a href="http://www.unisys.com/unisys/lzw/default.asp";>
+#. patent</a>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-So, what is the first thing you are going to do after you have had an
+# | idea of what kind of program you are going to write? The first thing you
+# | might want to try to do to deal with the patent system is find out what
+# | patents may cover the program you want to write. This is impossible. The
+# | reason is that some of the patent applications that are pending are
+# | secret. After a certain amount of time they may get published, like 18
+# | months. But that is plenty of time for you to write a program and even
+# | release it not knowing that there is going to be a patent and you are
+# | going to get sued.-]This is not just academic. In 1984, the compress
+# | program was written, a program for data compression. At the time, there
+# | was no patent on the LZW compression algorithm which it used. Then in
+# | 1985, the US issued a patent on this algorithm and over the next few
+# | years, those who distributed the compress program started getting threats.
+# | There was no way that the author of compress could have realized that he
+# | was likely to get sued. All he did was use an idea that he found in a
+# | journal just like programmers have always done. He hadn't realized that
+# | you could no longer safely use ideas that you found in a journal.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So, what is the first thing you are going to do after you have had an "
+#| "idea of what kind of program you are going to write? The first thing you "
+#| "might want to try to do to deal with the patent system is find out what "
+#| "patents may cover the program you want to write. This is impossible. The "
+#| "reason is that some of the patent applications that are pending are "
+#| "secret. After a certain amount of time they may get published, like 18 "
+#| "months. But that is plenty of time for you to write a program and even "
+#| "release it not knowing that there is going to be a patent and you are "
+#| "going to get sued. This is not just academic. In 1984, the compress "
+#| "program was written, a program for data compression. At the time, there "
+#| "was no patent on the LZW compression algorithm which it used. Then in "
+#| "1985, the US issued a patent on this algorithm and over the next few "
+#| "years, those who distributed the compress program started getting "
+#| "threats. There was no way that the author of compress could have "
+#| "realized that he was likely to get sued. All he did was use an idea that "
+#| "he found in a journal just like programmers have always done. He hadn't "
+#| "realized that you could no longer safely use ideas that you found in a "
+#| "journal."
+msgid ""
+"This is not just academic. In 1984, the compress program was written, a "
+"program for data compression. At the time, there was no patent on the LZW "
+"compression algorithm which it used. Then in 1985, the US issued a patent "
+"on this algorithm and over the next few years, those who distributed the "
+"compress program started getting threats. There was no way that the author "
+"of compress could have realized that he was likely to get sued. All he did "
+"was use an idea that he found in a journal just like programmers have always "
"done. He hadn't realized that you could no longer safely use ideas that you "
"found in a journal."
msgstr ""
@@ -351,50 +542,32 @@
"so-on. That one works to a certain extent. You will find some patents in "
"the area. You won't necessarily find them all however. For instance, there "
"was a software patent which may have expired by now on natural order "
-"recalculation in spread sheets. This means basically that when you make "
-"certain cells depend upon other cells, it always recalculates everything "
-"after the things it depends on, so that after one re-calculation, everything "
-"is up to date. The first spread sheets did their recalculation top-down, so "
-"if you made a cell depend on a cell lower down, and you had a few such "
-"steps, you had to recalculate several times to get the new values to "
-"propagate upwards. You were supposed to have things depend upon cells above "
-"them. Then someone realized why don't I do the recalculation so that "
-"everything gets recalculated after the things it depends upon? This "
-"algorithm is known as topological sorting. The first reference to it I "
-"could find was in 1963. The patent covered several dozen different ways you "
-"could implement topological sorting but you wouldn't have found this patent "
-"by searching for spreadsheet. You couldn't have found it by searching for "
-"natural order or topological sort. It didn't have any of those terms in "
-"it. In fact, it was described as a method of compiling formulas into object "
-"code. When I first saw it, I thought it was the wrong patent."
-msgstr ""
-"Il n'y a aucun moyen de se tenir au courant de ce dont ils traitent tous. Il "
-"faudrait donc essayer de rechercher les brevets pertinents. Certains disent "
-"que cela devrait être facile de nos jours avec les ordinateurs. Vous "
-"pourriez rechercher des mots-clés, etc. Cela marche jusqu'à un certain "
-"point. Vous trouverez quelques brevets dans votre spécialité. Cependant
vous "
-"ne les trouverez pas nécessairement tous. Par exemple, il y avait un brevet "
-"logiciel qui doit avoir expiré maintenant, sur le « recalcul<a id="
-"\"TransNote1-rev\" href=\"#TransNote1\"><sup>a</sup></a> dans l'ordre "
-"naturel dans les tableurs ». Ce qui signifie en gros que lorsque vous
rendez "
-"certaines cellules dépendantes d'autres cellules, elles sont toutes "
-"recalculées après les cellules dont elles dépendent, de sorte qu'un seul "
-"recalcul met tout à jour. Les premiers tableurs faisaient le recalcul du "
-"haut vers le bas ; donc si vous faisiez dépendre une cellule d'une autre "
-"située plus bas dans la feuille, et que vous aviez plusieurs étapes "
-"similaires, vous deviez faire le recalcul plusieurs fois pour que les "
-"nouvelles valeurs se propagent. Les cellules étaient censées dépendre de "
-"celles qui étaient situées au-dessus d'elles. Alors, quelqu'un s'est dit :
"
-"«Pourquoi ne ferais-je pas le recalcul de sorte que tout soit recalculé en "
-"fonction des dépendances, quelle que soit la position dans la feuille ? »
"
-"Cet algorithme est connu sous le nom de « tri topologique ». La première
"
-"référence à cet algorithme que j'aie pu trouver date de 1963. Le brevet "
-"couvrait plusieurs dizaines de moyens différents de le mettre en Åuvre,
mais "
-"vous n'auriez pas pu trouver ce brevet en recherchant « tableur ». Vous "
-"n'auriez pas pu le trouver en recherchant « ordre naturel » ni « tri "
-"topologique ». Il ne contenait aucun de ces termes. En fait, il était
décrit "
-"comme une méthode de compilation de formules en code objet. Quand je l'ai vu
"
-"la première fois, j'ai pensé que ce n'était pas le bon brevet."
+"recalculation in spread sheets."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This means basically that when you make certain cells depend upon other "
+"cells, it always recalculates everything after the things it depends on, so "
+"that after one re-calculation, everything is up to date. The first spread "
+"sheets did their recalculation top-down, so if you made a cell depend on a "
+"cell lower down, and you had a few such steps, you had to recalculate "
+"several times to get the new values to propagate upwards. You were supposed "
+"to have things depend upon cells above them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Then someone realized why don't I do the recalculation so that everything "
+"gets recalculated after the things it depends upon? This algorithm is known "
+"as topological sorting. The first reference to it I could find was in "
+"1963. The patent covered several dozen different ways you could implement "
+"topological sorting but you wouldn't have found this patent by searching for "
+"spreadsheet. You couldn't have found it by searching for natural order or "
+"topological sort. It didn't have any of those terms in it. In fact, it was "
+"described as a method of compiling formulas into object code. When I first "
+"saw it, I thought it was the wrong patent."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -441,36 +614,27 @@
"he first saw Hypercard, he didn't think it had anything to do with his "
"patent, with his “Inventions”. It didn't look similar. When "
"his lawyer told him that you could read the patents as covering part of "
-"Hypercard, he decided to attack Apple. When I had a speech about this at "
-"Stanford, he was in the audience, he said “That's <a href=\"http://www.";
-"swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/int-prop/heckel-debunking.html\"> not true</"
-"a>, I just didn't understand the extent of my protection!” I said yes, "
-"that's what I said! So, in fact, you will have to spend a lot of time "
-"talking with lawyers to figure out what these patents prohibit you from "
-"doing. Ultimately they are going to say something like this: “If you "
-"do something in here, you are sure to lose, If you do something here, there "
-"is a substantial chance of losing, and if you really want to be safe, stay "
-"out of this area. And, by the way, there is a sizable element of chance in "
-"the outcome of any law suit”."
-msgstr ""
-"Ce n'est pas seulement théorique. Aux environs de 1990, un programmeur du "
-"nom de <a href=\"http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n3/hypercard.html";
-"\">Paul Heckel</a> a poursuivi Apple en revendiquant que HyperCard violait "
-"deux de ses brevets. Quand il avait vu HyperCard pour la première fois, il "
-"ne pensait pas que cela ait quelque chose à voir avec ses brevets, avec ses "
-"« inventions ». Cela n'y ressemblait pas. Puis quand son avocat lui a dit
"
-"que ses brevets pouvaient être interprétés comme couvrant une partie de "
-"HyperCard, il a décidé d'attaquer Apple. Lorsque j'ai fait une conférence
à "
-"Stanford sur ce sujet, il était présent dans le public et a dit : « Ce
n'est "
-"<a href=\"http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/int-prop/heckel-";
-"debunking.html\">pas vrai</a>, je n'avais simplement pas compris l'étendue "
-"de ma protection ! » J'ai répondu : « Oui, c'est ce que j'ai dit !Â
» Donc, "
-"en fait, vous devrez passer beaucoup de temps à parler avec des avocats pour
"
-"trouver ce que ces brevets vous interdisent de faire. Finalement, ils diront "
-"quelque chose de ce genre : « Si vous faites ceci, vous êtes sûr de
perdre. "
-"Si vous faites cela, il y a de grandes chances que vous perdiez et, si vous "
-"voulez vraiment être tranquille, restez en dehors de ce domaine. Et à "
-"propos, il y a un facteur chance considérable dans l'issue de tout procès.Â
»"
+"Hypercard, he decided to attack Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I had a speech about this at Stanford, he was in the audience, he said "
+"“That's <a href=\"http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/int-prop/";
+"heckel-debunking.html\"> not true</a>, I just didn't understand the extent "
+"of my protection!” I said yes, that's what I said! So, in fact, you "
+"will have to spend a lot of time talking with lawyers to figure out what "
+"these patents prohibit you from doing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Ultimately they are going to say something like this: “If you do "
+"something in here, you are sure to lose, If you do something here, there is "
+"a substantial chance of losing, and if you really want to be safe, stay out "
+"of this area. And, by the way, there is a sizable element of chance in the "
+"outcome of any law suit”."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -520,49 +684,31 @@
"downgrade in the mail. The downgrade removed a feature which allowed you to "
"pre-define abbreviations. That when you typed an abbreviation followed by a "
"punctuation character, it would immediately replace itself with by some "
-"expansion. So that way you could define the abbreviation for some long "
-"phrase, type the abbreviation then the long phrase will be in your "
-"document. They wrote to me about this because they knew the <a href=\"/"
-"software/emacs/\">Emacs</a> editor has a similar feature. In fact, it had "
-"it since the 70's. This was interesting because it showed me that I had at "
-"least one patentable idea in my life. I knew it was patentable because "
-"somebody else patented it afterward! Actually, they had tried these various "
-"approaches. First they tried negotiating with the patent holder, who turned "
-"out not to negotiate in good faith. Then they looked at whether they could "
-"have a chance of overturning the patent. What they decided to do was take "
-"out the feature. You can live without this feature. If the word processor "
-"lacks only this feature, maybe people will still use it. But as various "
-"features start getting hit, eventually you end up with a program people "
-"think is not very good and they are likely to reject it. That is a rather "
-"narrow patent on a very specific feature."
-msgstr ""
-"Cela veut dire de ne pas utiliser l'idée couverte par le brevet. Cela peut "
-"être facile ou difficile, en fonction de ce sur quoi porte l'idée. Dans "
-"certains cas, c'est une fonctionnalité qui est brevetée. Alors, vous
évitez "
-"le brevet en ne mettant pas en Åuvre cette fonctionnalité. Ensuite, cela "
-"dépend seulement de l'importance de la fonctionnalité. Dans certains cas, "
-"vous pouvez vous en passer. Il y a quelques temps, les utilisateurs du "
-"logiciel de traitement de texte XyWrite ont reçu une mise à jour
régressive "
-"par courrier. Cette mise à jour supprimait une fonctionnalité qui
permettait "
-"de prédéfinir des abréviations. Cela veut dire que si vous tapiez une "
-"abréviation suivie d'un caractère de ponctuation, elle était
immédiatement "
-"remplacée par une extension. Ainsi, vous pouvez définir une abréviation
pour "
-"une phrase longue, taper l'abréviation, et alors la phrase longue
s'insérait "
-"dans le document. Ils m'écrivirent à ce sujet car ils savaient que
l'éditeur "
-"<a href=\"/software/emacs/emacs.html\">Emacs</a> offrait une fonctionnalité "
-"similaire. En fait, c'était le cas depuis les années 70. C'était
intéressant "
-"car cela m'a montré que j'avais eu au moins une idée brevetable dans ma
vie. "
-"Je sais qu'elle était brevetable parce que quelqu'un d'autre l'a brevetée "
-"plus tard ! En fait, ils avaient essayé ces différentes approches. D'abord
"
-"ils essayèrent de négocier avec le détenteur du brevet, qui fit preuve de "
-"mauvaise foi. Puis, ils cherchèrent à savoir s'ils avaient une chance de "
-"faire invalider le brevet. Ce qu'ils décidèrent de faire, c'est d'ôter la "
-"fonctionnalité. Vous pouvez vous en passer ; s'il ne manque que celle-lÃ
au "
-"traitement de texte, les gens continueront peut-être à l'utiliser. Mais au "
-"fur et à mesure que diverses fonctionnalités sont touchées, vous arrivez "
-"finalement à un programme dont les gens pensent qu'il n'est pas très bon et
"
-"il est probable qu'ils le rejettent. Il s'agit d'un brevet de portée assez "
-"étroite, sur une fonctionnalité très spécifique."
+"expansion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So that way you could define the abbreviation for some long phrase, type the "
+"abbreviation then the long phrase will be in your document. They wrote to "
+"me about this because they knew the <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">Emacs</a> "
+"editor has a similar feature. In fact, it had it since the 70's. This was "
+"interesting because it showed me that I had at least one patentable idea in "
+"my life. I knew it was patentable because somebody else patented it "
+"afterward! Actually, they had tried these various approaches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"First they tried negotiating with the patent holder, who turned out not to "
+"negotiate in good faith. Then they looked at whether they could have a "
+"chance of overturning the patent. What they decided to do was take out the "
+"feature. You can live without this feature. If the word processor lacks "
+"only this feature, maybe people will still use it. But as various features "
+"start getting hit, eventually you end up with a program people think is not "
+"very good and they are likely to reject it. That is a rather narrow patent "
+"on a very specific feature."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -585,17 +731,96 @@
"télévision dans la même pièce) ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Sometimes the idea that's patented will be so broad and basic that it
+# | basically rules out an entire field. For instance, the idea of Public Key
+# | Encryption which was patented in the US. The patent expired in 1997.
+# | Until then, it largely blocked the use of Public Key Encryption in the US.
+# | A number of programs that people started to develop got crushed. They
+# | were never really available because the patent holders threatened them.
+# | [-Then, one program got away. The program <a
+# | href=\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, which initially was released as
+# | free software. Apparently, the patent holders by the time they got around
+# | to attacking, realized they might get too much bad publicity. So they
+# | imposed restrictions making it for non-commercial use only, which meant it
+# | couldn't catch on too much. So they greatly limited the use of Public Key
+# | Encryption for a decade or more. There was no way around that patent.
+# | There was nothing else you could do like that.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sometimes the idea that's patented will be so broad and basic that it "
+#| "basically rules out an entire field. For instance, the idea of Public "
+#| "Key Encryption which was patented in the US. The patent expired in "
+#| "1997. Until then, it largely blocked the use of Public Key Encryption in "
+#| "the US. A number of programs that people started to develop got "
+#| "crushed. They were never really available because the patent holders "
+#| "threatened them. Then, one program got away. The program <a href="
+#| "\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, which initially was released as free "
+#| "software. Apparently, the patent holders by the time they got around to "
+#| "attacking, realized they might get too much bad publicity. So they "
+#| "imposed restrictions making it for non-commercial use only, which meant "
+#| "it couldn't catch on too much. So they greatly limited the use of Public "
+#| "Key Encryption for a decade or more. There was no way around that "
+#| "patent. There was nothing else you could do like that."
msgid ""
"Sometimes the idea that's patented will be so broad and basic that it "
"basically rules out an entire field. For instance, the idea of Public Key "
"Encryption which was patented in the US. The patent expired in 1997. Until "
"then, it largely blocked the use of Public Key Encryption in the US. A "
"number of programs that people started to develop got crushed. They were "
-"never really available because the patent holders threatened them. Then, "
-"one program got away. The program <a href=\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, "
-"which initially was released as free software. Apparently, the patent "
-"holders by the time they got around to attacking, realized they might get "
-"too much bad publicity. So they imposed restrictions making it for non-"
+"never really available because the patent holders threatened them."
+msgstr ""
+"Quelquefois, l'idée qui est brevetée sera tellement large et basique
qu'elle "
+"régira un domaine tout entier. Par exemple, l'idée de chiffrement à clé "
+"publique qui a été brevetée aux Ãtats-Unis. Le brevet a expiré en 1997. "
+"Jusque là , il bloquait grandement l'utilisation du chiffrement à clé "
+"publique aux Ãtats-Unis. De nombreux programmes que les gens ont commencé Ã
"
+"développer furent anéantis. Ils ne furent jamais vraiment disponibles car "
+"les détenteurs du brevet les menaçaient. Puis, un programme y échappa :
<a "
+"href=\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, qui a été initialement publié comme
"
+"logiciel libre. Il semble que les détenteurs du brevet, alors qu'ils se "
+"préparaient à attaquer, réalisèrent que cela leur ferait peut-être trop
de "
+"mauvaise publicité. Ils imposèrent alors des restrictions pour que PGP soit
"
+"Ã usage non commercial seulement, ce qui signifiait qu'il n'aurait pas un "
+"trop grand succès. Ils limitèrent ainsi grandement l'utilisation du "
+"chiffrement à clé publique pour une décennie ou plus. Il n'y avait pas
moyen "
+"de contourner ce brevet. On ne pouvait rien faire d'autre."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Sometimes the idea that's patented will be so broad and basic that it
+# | basically rules out an entire field. For instance, the idea of Public Key
+# | Encryption which was patented in the US. The patent expired in 1997.
+# | Until then, it largely blocked the use of Public Key Encryption in the US.
+# | A number of programs that people started to develop got crushed. They
+# | were never really available because the patent holders threatened
+# | them.-]Then, one program got away. The program <a
+# | href=\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, which initially was released as
+# | free software. Apparently, the patent holders by the time they got around
+# | to attacking, realized they might get too much bad publicity. So they
+# | imposed restrictions making it for non-commercial use only, which meant it
+# | couldn't catch on too much. So they greatly limited the use of Public Key
+# | Encryption for a decade or more. There was no way around that patent.
+# | There was nothing else you could do like that.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sometimes the idea that's patented will be so broad and basic that it "
+#| "basically rules out an entire field. For instance, the idea of Public "
+#| "Key Encryption which was patented in the US. The patent expired in "
+#| "1997. Until then, it largely blocked the use of Public Key Encryption in "
+#| "the US. A number of programs that people started to develop got "
+#| "crushed. They were never really available because the patent holders "
+#| "threatened them. Then, one program got away. The program <a href="
+#| "\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, which initially was released as free "
+#| "software. Apparently, the patent holders by the time they got around to "
+#| "attacking, realized they might get too much bad publicity. So they "
+#| "imposed restrictions making it for non-commercial use only, which meant "
+#| "it couldn't catch on too much. So they greatly limited the use of Public "
+#| "Key Encryption for a decade or more. There was no way around that "
+#| "patent. There was nothing else you could do like that."
+msgid ""
+"Then, one program got away. The program <a href=\"http://www.pgpi.org/";
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"There was no way around that patent. There was nothing else you could do "
@@ -649,59 +874,35 @@
"copy of the New York Times. It happened to have the weekly patent column in "
"it. I didn't see a copy of the Times more than once every few months. So I "
"looked at it and it said that somebody had got a patent for “Inventing "
-"a new method of compressing data”. I figured I better take a look at "
-"this patent. I got a copy and it turned out to cover the program that we "
-"were just a week away from releasing. That program died before it was "
-"born. Later on we did find another algorithm which was un-patented. That "
-"became the program <a href=\"/software/gzip/\"> gzip</a>, which is now "
-"effectively the de-facto standard for data compression. As an algorithm to "
-"use in a program for data compression, it was fine. Anyone who wanted to do "
-"data compression could use gzip instead of compress. But the same patented "
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-"wanted to do was not to simply compress data but to make an image that "
-"people could display with their software, it turned out extremely hard to "
-"switch over to a different algorithm. We have not been able to do it in 10 "
-"years! Yes, people use the gzip algorithm to define <a href=\"http://www.w3.";
-"org/Graphics/PNG/\">another image format</a>, once people started getting "
-"threatened with law suits for using GIF files. When we started saying to "
-"people stop using GIF files, switch over to this, people said “We "
-"can't switch. The browsers don't support the new format yet”. The "
-"browser developers said “We're not in a hurry about this. After all, "
-"nobody is using this file format”."
-msgstr ""
-"Dans certains cas, vous pouvez trouver un meilleur algorithme. Cela peut, ou "
-"non, être bénéfique pour vous. Puisque nous ne pouvions pas utiliser "
-"<cite>compress</cite> dans le projet GNU, nous avons commencé à chercher "
-"d'autres algorithmes pour la compression de données. Quelqu'un nous écrivit
"
-"en disant qu'il en avait un. Il avait écrit un programme et décidé de nous
"
-"l'offrir. Nous étions sur le point de le publier quand, par hasard, je suis "
-"tombé sur un exemplaire du New York Times dans lequel il y avait la rubrique
"
-"hebdomadaire des brevets â je regardais le Times moins d'une fois par
mois. "
-"Je l'ai lue, et elle disait que quelqu'un avait obtenu un brevet pour "
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suis "
-"dit qu'il valait mieux jeter un Åil à ce brevet. J'en ai obtenu une copie
et "
-"il s'avéra qu'il couvrait le programme que nous étions juste à une semaine
"
-"de publier. Ce programme a été tué dans l'Åuf. Plus tard, nous avons
trouvé "
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de "
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"
-"un programme pour la compression de données, c'était un succès. Quiconque "
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-"cite> plutôt que <cite>compress</cite>. Mais ce même algorithme de "
-"compression breveté, LZW, était aussi utilisé dans des formats d'image
comme "
-"le format <a href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\">GIF</a>. Le but n'était pas "
-"simplement de compresser des données mais de faire des images que les gens "
-"pourraient afficher dans leurs logiciels, il se révéla donc extrêmement "
-"difficile de passer à un algorithme différent. Nous n'avons pas été
capables "
-"de le faire en 10 ans ! Oui, un <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/";
-"\">autre format d'image</a> a été défini à partir de l'algorithme "
-"<cite>gzip</cite> lorsque les gens ont commencé à être menacés de
poursuites "
-"judiciaires pour l'utilisation de fichiers GIF. Quand nous avons commencé Ã
"
-"leur dire d'arrêter d'utiliser des fichiers GIF, de passer aux fichiers PNG,
"
-"ils dirent : « Nous ne pouvons pas changer. Les navigateurs ne gèrent
pas "
-"encore le nouveau format. » Les développeurs de navigateurs dirent : «Â
Il "
-"n'y a pas urgence. Après tout, personne n'utilise ce format de fichier. »"
+"a new method of compressing data”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I figured I better take a look at this patent. I got a copy and it turned "
+"out to cover the program that we were just a week away from releasing. That "
+"program died before it was born. Later on we did find another algorithm "
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+"of compress. But the same patented LZW compression algorithm was also used "
+"in image formats such as the <a href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\">GIF</a> format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But there because the job people wanted to do was not to simply compress "
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+"turned out extremely hard to switch over to a different algorithm. We have "
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+"define <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/\";>another image format</a>, "
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+"people said “We can't switch. The browsers don't support the new "
+"format yet”. The browser developers said “We're not in a hurry "
+"about this. After all, nobody is using this file format”."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -778,6 +979,39 @@
"mais cela rend votre programme inutile. C'est fonction de la situation."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Here is another point I should mention: Sometimes a company or consortium
+# | can make a format or protocol the de-facto standard. Then, if that format
+# | or protocol is patented, that is a real disaster for you. There are even
+# | official standards that are restricted by patents. There was a big
+# | political uproar last September when the <a
+# | href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice\";>World Wide Web
+# | Consortium</a> was proposing to start adopting standards that were covered
+# | by patents. The community objected so they reversed themselves. [-They
+# | went back to insisting that any patents had to be freely implementable by
+# | anyone and that the standards had to be free for anyone to implement.
+# | That is an interesting victory. I think that was the first time any
+# | standards body has made that decision. It is normal for standards bodies
+# | to be willing to put something in a standard which is restricted by
+# | patents and people are not allowed to go ahead and implement it freely.
+# | We need to go to other standards bodies and call on them to change their
+# | rules.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Here is another point I should mention: Sometimes a company or consortium "
+#| "can make a format or protocol the de-facto standard. Then, if that "
+#| "format or protocol is patented, that is a real disaster for you. There "
+#| "are even official standards that are restricted by patents. There was a "
+#| "big political uproar last September when the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/";
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+#| "adopting standards that were covered by patents. The community objected "
+#| "so they reversed themselves. They went back to insisting that any "
+#| "patents had to be freely implementable by anyone and that the standards "
+#| "had to be free for anyone to implement. That is an interesting victory. "
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msgid ""
"Here is another point I should mention: Sometimes a company or consortium "
"can make a format or protocol the de-facto standard. Then, if that format "
@@ -786,14 +1020,67 @@
"political uproar last September when the <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/";
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-"restricted by patents and people are not allowed to go ahead and implement "
-"it freely. We need to go to other standards bodies and call on them to "
-"change their rules."
+"they reversed themselves."
+msgstr ""
+"Voici un autre point que je dois mentionner : quelquefois une société ou
un "
+"consortium peut faire d'un format ou d'un protocole le standard de facto. "
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pour "
+"vous. Il y a même des standards officiels qui sont restreints par des "
+"brevets. Il y a eu un tollé en septembre dernier quand le <a href=\"http://";
+"www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice\">World Wide Web Consortium</a> a proposé "
+"l'adoption de standards qui étaient couverts par des brevets. La communauté
"
+"a objecté et ils ont donc fait marche arrière. Ils en sont venus Ã
insister "
+"sur le fait que tout brevet devait pouvoir être librement mis en Åuvre par "
+"quiconque et que chacun devait être libre d'implémenter les standards.
C'est "
+"une victoire intéressante. Je pense que c'est la première fois qu'un "
+"organisme de standardisation prend cette décision. Il est habituel pour les "
+"organismes de standardisation de vouloir mettre dans un standard une chose "
+"qui est restreinte par des brevets, et que les gens ne sont pas autorisés Ã
"
+"implémenter librement. Nous devons aller trouver les autres organismes de "
+"standardisation pour les appeler à changer leurs règles."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Here is another point I should mention: Sometimes a company or
+# | consortium can make a format or protocol the de-facto standard. Then, if
+# | that format or protocol is patented, that is a real disaster for you.
+# | There are even official standards that are restricted by patents. There
+# | was a big political uproar last September when the <a
+# | href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice\";>World Wide Web
+# | Consortium</a> was proposing to start adopting standards that were covered
+# | by patents. The community objected so they reversed themselves.-]They
+# | went back to insisting that any patents had to be freely implementable by
+# | anyone and that the standards had to be free for anyone to implement.
+# | That is an interesting victory. I think that was the first time any
+# | standards body has made that decision. It is normal for standards bodies
+# | to be willing to put something in a standard which is restricted by
+# | patents and people are not allowed to go ahead and implement it freely.
+# | We need to go to other standards bodies and call on them to change their
+# | rules.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Here is another point I should mention: Sometimes a company or consortium "
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+#| "format or protocol is patented, that is a real disaster for you. There "
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+#| "had to be free for anyone to implement. That is an interesting victory. "
+#| "I think that was the first time any standards body has made that "
+#| "decision. It is normal for standards bodies to be willing to put "
+#| "something in a standard which is restricted by patents and people are not "
+#| "allowed to go ahead and implement it freely. We need to go to other "
+#| "standards bodies and call on them to change their rules."
+msgid ""
+"They went back to insisting that any patents had to be freely implementable "
+"by anyone and that the standards had to be free for anyone to implement. "
+"That is an interesting victory. I think that was the first time any "
+"standards body has made that decision. It is normal for standards bodies to "
+"be willing to put something in a standard which is restricted by patents and "
+"people are not allowed to go ahead and implement it freely. We need to go "
+"to other standards bodies and call on them to change their rules."
msgstr ""
"Voici un autre point que je dois mentionner : quelquefois une société ou
un "
"consortium peut faire d'un format ou d'un protocole le standard de facto. "
@@ -938,6 +1225,32 @@
"brevets. Qu'est-ce que cela signifie réellement ?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | What is the benefit that IBM gets from this access to the patents of
+# | others? It is basically the benefit of being excused from the trouble that
+# | the patent system can cause you. The patent system is like a lottery.
+# | What happens with any given patent could be nothing, could be a windfall
+# | for some patent holder or a disaster for everyone else. But IBM being so
+# | big, for them, it averages out. They get to measure the average harm and
+# | good of the patent system. [-For them, the trouble of the patent system
+# | would have been 10 times the good. I say would have been because IBM
+# | through cross-licensing avoids experiencing that trouble. That trouble is
+# | only potential. It doesn't really happen to them. But when they measure
+# | the benefits of avoiding that trouble, they estimate it as 10 times the
+# | value of the money they collect from their patents.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "What is the benefit that IBM gets from this access to the patents of "
+#| "others? It is basically the benefit of being excused from the trouble "
+#| "that the patent system can cause you. The patent system is like a "
+#| "lottery. What happens with any given patent could be nothing, could be a "
+#| "windfall for some patent holder or a disaster for everyone else. But IBM "
+#| "being so big, for them, it averages out. They get to measure the average "
+#| "harm and good of the patent system. For them, the trouble of the patent "
+#| "system would have been 10 times the good. I say would have been because "
+#| "IBM through cross-licensing avoids experiencing that trouble. That "
+#| "trouble is only potential. It doesn't really happen to them. But when "
+#| "they measure the benefits of avoiding that trouble, they estimate it as "
+#| "10 times the value of the money they collect from their patents."
msgid ""
"What is the benefit that IBM gets from this access to the patents of others? "
"It is basically the benefit of being excused from the trouble that the "
@@ -945,12 +1258,55 @@
"happens with any given patent could be nothing, could be a windfall for some "
"patent holder or a disaster for everyone else. But IBM being so big, for "
"them, it averages out. They get to measure the average harm and good of the "
-"patent system. For them, the trouble of the patent system would have been "
-"10 times the good. I say would have been because IBM through cross-"
-"licensing avoids experiencing that trouble. That trouble is only "
-"potential. It doesn't really happen to them. But when they measure the "
-"benefits of avoiding that trouble, they estimate it as 10 times the value of "
-"the money they collect from their patents."
+"patent system."
+msgstr ""
+"Quel est le bénéfice pour IBM d'avoir accès aux brevets des autres ?
C'est "
+"en fait le bénéfice d'échapper aux ennuis que peut causer le système des "
+"brevets. Ce système ressemble à une loterie. Prenons un brevet particulier.
"
+"Qu'est-ce qui peut en sortir ? Peut-être rien, peut-être une aubaine pour
le "
+"détenteur du brevet ou un désastre pour quelqu'un d'autre. Mais IBM est si "
+"grande que pour elle, cela s'équilibre. Elle donne une idée de la moyenne "
+"entre les dommages et les bénéfices qui découlent du système des brevets.
"
+"Pour elle, les ennuis auraient été 10 fois supérieurs aux bénéfices. Je
dis "
+"<em>auraient été</em> car IBM, en négociant des licences croisées, évite
"
+"d'avoir à affronter les ennuis. Ces ennuis sont seulement potentiels. Ils ne
"
+"se produisent pas vraiment. Mais IBM estime le bénéfice d'avoir évité ces
"
+"ennuis à 10 fois la valeur de l'argent qu'elle retire de ses propres
brevets."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-What is the benefit that IBM gets from this access to the patents of
+# | others? It is basically the benefit of being excused from the trouble that
+# | the patent system can cause you. The patent system is like a lottery.
+# | What happens with any given patent could be nothing, could be a windfall
+# | for some patent holder or a disaster for everyone else. But IBM being so
+# | big, for them, it averages out. They get to measure the average harm and
+# | good of the patent system.-]For them, the trouble of the patent system
+# | would have been 10 times the good. I say would have been because IBM
+# | through cross-licensing avoids experiencing that trouble. That trouble is
+# | only potential. It doesn't really happen to them. But when they measure
+# | the benefits of avoiding that trouble, they estimate it as 10 times the
+# | value of the money they collect from their patents.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "What is the benefit that IBM gets from this access to the patents of "
+#| "others? It is basically the benefit of being excused from the trouble "
+#| "that the patent system can cause you. The patent system is like a "
+#| "lottery. What happens with any given patent could be nothing, could be a "
+#| "windfall for some patent holder or a disaster for everyone else. But IBM "
+#| "being so big, for them, it averages out. They get to measure the average "
+#| "harm and good of the patent system. For them, the trouble of the patent "
+#| "system would have been 10 times the good. I say would have been because "
+#| "IBM through cross-licensing avoids experiencing that trouble. That "
+#| "trouble is only potential. It doesn't really happen to them. But when "
+#| "they measure the benefits of avoiding that trouble, they estimate it as "
+#| "10 times the value of the money they collect from their patents."
+msgid ""
+"For them, the trouble of the patent system would have been 10 times the "
+"good. I say would have been because IBM through cross-licensing avoids "
+"experiencing that trouble. That trouble is only potential. It doesn't "
+"really happen to them. But when they measure the benefits of avoiding that "
+"trouble, they estimate it as 10 times the value of the money they collect "
+"from their patents."
msgstr ""
"Quel est le bénéfice pour IBM d'avoir accès aux brevets des autres ?
C'est "
"en fait le bénéfice d'échapper aux ennuis que peut causer le système des "
@@ -974,62 +1330,71 @@
"whatever of whatever. Suppose he has spent years starving in the attic "
"designing a new wonderful kind of whatever and now wants to manufacture it "
"and isn't it a shame the big companies are going to go into competition with "
-"him, take away all the business and he'll “starve”. I will have "
-"to point out that people in high tech fields are not generally working on "
-"their own and that ideas don't come in a vacuum, they are based on ideas of "
-"others and these people have pretty good chances of getting a job if they "
-"need to these days. So this scenario, the idea that a brilliant idea came "
-"from this brilliant person working alone is unrealistic and the idea that he "
-"is in danger of starving is unrealistic. But it is conceivable that "
-"somebody could have an idea and this idea along with 100 or 200 other ideas "
-"can be the basis of making some kind of product and that big companies might "
-"want to compete with him. So let's see what happens if he tries to use a "
-"patent to stop them. He says “Oh No, IBM. You cannot compete with "
-"me. I've got this patent. IBM says let's see. Let's look at your "
-"product. Hmmm. I've got this patent and this one and this one and this one "
-"and this one and this one, which parts of your product infringe. If you "
-"think you can fight against all of them in court, I will just go back and "
-"find some more. So, why don't you cross license with me?” And then "
-"this brilliant small inventor says “Well, OK, I'll cross "
-"license”. So he can go back and make these wonderful whatever it is, "
-"but so can IBM. IBM gets access to his patent and gets the right to compete "
-"with him, which means that this patent didn't “protect” him at "
-"all. The patent system doesn't really do that."
-msgstr ""
-"Ce phénomène des licences croisées réfute une légende répandue, la
légende "
-"du génie-qui-meurt-de-faim, celle qui dit que les brevets « protègent »
le "
-"« petit inventeur ». Ces termes sont des termes de propagande. Vous ne "
-"devriez pas les utiliser. Le scénario se présente comme ceci : supposez "
-"qu'il y ait un brillant inventeur de quelque chose. Supposez qu'il ait passé
"
-"des années à mourir de faim dans son grenier pour concevoir un truc-"
-"formidable d'un nouveau genre et qu'il veuille maintenant le fabriquer ; "
-"n'est-ce pas une honte que les grosses sociétés entrent en concurrence avec
"
-"lui, le privant de son marché, et qu'il « meure de faim » ? Je voudrais
"
-"faire remarquer que, dans le domaine des hautes technologies, les gens ne "
-"travaillent généralement pas seuls dans leur coin, et que les idées ne "
-"viennent pas du néant ; elles sont basées sur les idées d'autres
personnes. "
-"De nos jours, ces inventeurs ont de très fortes chances d'obtenir un travail
"
-"s'ils en ont besoin. Aussi, ce scénario, la notion qu'une idée géniale "
-"vienne à l'esprit de cette personne brillante travaillant seule est "
-"irréaliste, tout comme la notion qu'elle serait en danger de mourir de faim.
"
-"Mais il est concevable que quelqu'un puisse avoir une idée, que cette idée,
"
-"combinée avec 100 ou 200 autres, puisse servir à faire un produit, et que
"
-"des grosses sociétés puissent vouloir lui faire concurrence. Alors voyons
ce "
-"qui arrive s'il essaie d'utiliser un brevet pour les arrêter. Il dit : «Â
Oh "
-"non, IBM. Vous ne pouvez pas me concurrencer. J'ai ce brevet. » Et IBM "
-"répond : « Voyons cela. Regardons votre produit. Humm, j'ai ce brevet et "
-"celui-ci, et celui-ci et celui-ci et celui-ci et celui-ci et celui-ci, que "
-"certaines parties de votre produit enfreignent. Si vous pensez que vous "
-"pouvez vous battre contre tous ces brevets au tribunal, j'irai en chercher "
-"d'autres. Alors, pourquoi ne pas négocier des licences croisées ? » Et "
-"ensuite, ce brillant petit inventeur dit : « Bien, d'accord, nous
croiserons "
-"nos licences. » Alors il peut rentrer et faire son truc-formidable, mais
IBM "
-"aussi. IBM a l'accès à son brevet et a le droit de le concurrencer, ce qui "
-"signifie que ce brevet n'a pas du tout « protégé » l'inventeur. Le
système "
-"des brevets ne fait pas vraiment ça."
+"him, take away all the business and he'll “starve”."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"I will have to point out that people in high tech fields are not generally "
+"working on their own and that ideas don't come in a vacuum, they are based "
+"on ideas of others and these people have pretty good chances of getting a "
+"job if they need to these days. So this scenario, the idea that a brilliant "
+"idea came from this brilliant person working alone is unrealistic and the "
+"idea that he is in danger of starving is unrealistic. But it is conceivable "
+"that somebody could have an idea and this idea along with 100 or 200 other "
+"ideas can be the basis of making some kind of product and that big companies "
+"might want to compete with him."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So let's see what happens if he tries to use a patent to stop them. He says "
+"“Oh No, IBM. You cannot compete with me. I've got this patent. IBM "
+"says let's see. Let's look at your product. Hmmm. I've got this patent "
+"and this one and this one and this one and this one and this one, which "
+"parts of your product infringe. If you think you can fight against all of "
+"them in court, I will just go back and find some more. So, why don't you "
+"cross license with me?” And then this brilliant small inventor says "
+"“Well, OK, I'll cross license”. So he can go back and make "
+"these wonderful whatever it is, but so can IBM. IBM gets access to his "
+"patent and gets the right to compete with him, which means that this patent "
+"didn't “protect” him at all. The patent system doesn't really "
+"do that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The mega-corporations avoid, for the most part, the harm of the patent
+# | system. They see mainly the good side. That is why they want to have
+# | software patents. They are the ones who will benefit from it. But if you
+# | are a small inventor or work for a small company, the small company is not
+# | going to be able to do this. They try. The problem is that they cannot
+# | get enough patents to do this. Any given patent is pointing in a certain
+# | direction. So if a small company has patents pointing there, there and
+# | there and somebody over there points a patent at them and says give me
+# | your money, they are helpless. [-IBM can do it because with these 9000
+# | patents, they are pointing everywhere, no matter where you are, there is
+# | probably an IBM patent pointing at you. So IBM can almost always make you
+# | cross license. Small companies can only occasionally make someone
+# | cross-license. They will say they want patents for defensive purposes but
+# | they won't get enough to be able to defend themselves.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The mega-corporations avoid, for the most part, the harm of the patent "
+#| "system. They see mainly the good side. That is why they want to have "
+#| "software patents. They are the ones who will benefit from it. But if "
+#| "you are a small inventor or work for a small company, the small company "
+#| "is not going to be able to do this. They try. The problem is that they "
+#| "cannot get enough patents to do this. Any given patent is pointing in a "
+#| "certain direction. So if a small company has patents pointing there, "
+#| "there and there and somebody over there points a patent at them and says "
+#| "give me your money, they are helpless. IBM can do it because with these "
+#| "9000 patents, they are pointing everywhere, no matter where you are, "
+#| "there is probably an IBM patent pointing at you. So IBM can almost "
+#| "always make you cross license. Small companies can only occasionally "
+#| "make someone cross-license. They will say they want patents for "
+#| "defensive purposes but they won't get enough to be able to defend "
+#| "themselves."
+msgid ""
"The mega-corporations avoid, for the most part, the harm of the patent "
"system. They see mainly the good side. That is why they want to have "
"software patents. They are the ones who will benefit from it. But if you "
@@ -1038,12 +1403,7 @@
"enough patents to do this. Any given patent is pointing in a certain "
"direction. So if a small company has patents pointing there, there and "
"there and somebody over there points a patent at them and says give me your "
-"money, they are helpless. IBM can do it because with these 9000 patents, "
-"they are pointing everywhere, no matter where you are, there is probably an "
-"IBM patent pointing at you. So IBM can almost always make you cross "
-"license. Small companies can only occasionally make someone cross-license. "
-"They will say they want patents for defensive purposes but they won't get "
-"enough to be able to defend themselves."
+"money, they are helpless."
msgstr ""
"Les très grosses sociétés évitent la plupart des dégâts provoqués par
le "
"système des brevets. Elles en voient surtout le bon côté. C'est pourquoi "
@@ -1064,6 +1424,16 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"IBM can do it because with these 9000 patents, they are pointing everywhere, "
+"no matter where you are, there is probably an IBM patent pointing at you. "
+"So IBM can almost always make you cross license. Small companies can only "
+"occasionally make someone cross-license. They will say they want patents "
+"for defensive purposes but they won't get enough to be able to defend "
+"themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
"There are cases where even IBM cannot make someone cross-license. That is "
"when there is a company whose sole business is taking a patent and squeezing "
"money out of people. The company that had the natural order recalculation "
@@ -1231,21 +1601,91 @@
"historical accidents. Lots of historical accidents such as precisely what "
"was published when and which of those things somebody manages to find. "
"Which of them didn't get lost, precise dates and so-on. Many historical "
-"accidents determine whether a patent is valid. In fact, it is a weird thing "
-"that the <a href=\"http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04873662__\";>British "
-"Telecom following hyper links together with telephone access patent</a>, I "
-"think, was applied for in 1975. I think it was in 1974 that I developed the "
-"info package for the first time. The info package allows you to traverse "
-"hyper links and people did use telephones to dial up and access the system. "
-"So in fact, I produced a piece of prior art for that patent. So that is the "
-"second patentable idea I have had in my life, but I don't think I have any "
-"proof of that. I didn't think this was interesting enough to publish it. "
-"After all, the idea of following hyper links I got from the demo of "
-"Engelbart's editor. He is the one who had an idea which was interesting to "
-"publish. What I done I called poor mans hypertext as I had to implement it "
-"in the context of TECO. It was not as powerful as his hypertext but it was "
-"at least useful for browsing documentation, which it all it was meant for, "
-"and as for there being dial-up access to the system, well, there was, but it "
+"accidents determine whether a patent is valid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In fact, it is a weird thing that the <a href=\"http://www.delphion.com/";
+"details?pn=US04873662__\">British Telecom following hyper links together "
+"with telephone access patent</a>, I think, was applied for in 1975. I think "
+"it was in 1974 that I developed the info package for the first time. The "
+"info package allows you to traverse hyper links and people did use "
+"telephones to dial up and access the system. So in fact, I produced a piece "
+"of prior art for that patent. So that is the second patentable idea I have "
+"had in my life, but I don't think I have any proof of that. I didn't think "
+"this was interesting enough to publish it. After all, the idea of following "
+"hyper links I got from the demo of Engelbart's editor. He is the one who "
+"had an idea which was interesting to publish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-To a large extent, the question of the validity of a patent will depend
+# | on historical accidents. Lots of historical accidents such as precisely
+# | what was published when and which of those things somebody manages to
+# | find. Which of them didn't get lost, precise dates and so-on. Many
+# | historical accidents determine whether a patent is valid. In fact, it is
+# | a weird thing that the <a
+# | href=\"http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04873662__\";>British Telecom
+# | following hyper links together with telephone access patent</a>, I think,
+# | was applied for in 1975. I think it was in 1974 that I developed the info
+# | package for the first time. The info package allows you to traverse hyper
+# | links and people did use telephones to dial up and access the system. So
+# | in fact, I produced a piece of prior art for that patent. So that is the
+# | second patentable idea I have had in my life, but I don't think I have any
+# | proof of that. I didn't think this was interesting enough to publish it.
+# | After all, the idea of following hyper links I got from the demo of
+# | Engelbart's editor. He is the one who had an idea which was interesting
+# | to publish.-]What I done I called poor mans hypertext as I had to
+# | implement it in the context of TECO. It was not as powerful as his
+# | hypertext but it was at least useful for browsing documentation, which it
+# | all it was meant for, and as for there being dial-up access to the system,
+# | well, there was, but it didn't occur to me that the one had anything
+# | particular to do with the other. I wasn't going to publish a paper saying
+# | “Oh! I implemented this poor man's hypertext, and guess what! There
+# | are dial-up lines on the computer too!” I suspect there is no way to
+# | tell precisely on what dates I implemented this. And was it published in
+# | any sense? Well, we invited guests to come in across the ARPAnet, and log
+# | in on our machine, so they could have browsed documentation using info and
+# | seen the thing. If they had asked us, they would have found we have
+# | dial-up access. But as you can see, historical accident determines
+# | whether you have prior art.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To a large extent, the question of the validity of a patent will depend "
+#| "on historical accidents. Lots of historical accidents such as precisely "
+#| "what was published when and which of those things somebody manages to "
+#| "find. Which of them didn't get lost, precise dates and so-on. Many "
+#| "historical accidents determine whether a patent is valid. In fact, it is "
+#| "a weird thing that the <a href=\"http://www.delphion.com/details?";
+#| "pn=US04873662__\">British Telecom following hyper links together with "
+#| "telephone access patent</a>, I think, was applied for in 1975. I think "
+#| "it was in 1974 that I developed the info package for the first time. The "
+#| "info package allows you to traverse hyper links and people did use "
+#| "telephones to dial up and access the system. So in fact, I produced a "
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+#| "I didn't think this was interesting enough to publish it. After all, the "
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+#| "He is the one who had an idea which was interesting to publish. What I "
+#| "done I called poor mans hypertext as I had to implement it in the context "
+#| "of TECO. It was not as powerful as his hypertext but it was at least "
+#| "useful for browsing documentation, which it all it was meant for, and as "
+#| "for there being dial-up access to the system, well, there was, but it "
+#| "didn't occur to me that the one had anything particular to do with the "
+#| "other. I wasn't going to publish a paper saying “Oh! I implemented "
+#| "this poor man's hypertext, and guess what! There are dial-up lines on the "
+#| "computer too!” I suspect there is no way to tell precisely on what "
+#| "dates I implemented this. And was it published in any sense? Well, we "
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+#| "so they could have browsed documentation using info and seen the thing. "
+#| "If they had asked us, they would have found we have dial-up access. But "
+#| "as you can see, historical accident determines whether you have prior art."
+msgid ""
+"What I done I called poor mans hypertext as I had to implement it in the "
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"didn't occur to me that the one had anything particular to do with the "
"other. I wasn't going to publish a paper saying “Oh! I implemented "
"this poor man's hypertext, and guess what! There are dial-up lines on the "
@@ -1407,71 +1847,45 @@
"new combination. If the program is new and not just copied, then it is "
"probably using a different combination of ideas combined, of course, with "
"newly written code, because you can't just magically say the names of these "
-"ideas and have them work. You have to implement them all. You have to "
-"implement them all in that combination. The result is that even when you "
-"write a program, you are using lots of different ideas, any one of them "
-"might be patented by somebody. A pair of them may be patented as a "
+"ideas and have them work. You have to implement them all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You have to implement them all in that combination. The result is that even "
+"when you write a program, you are using lots of different ideas, any one of "
+"them might be patented by somebody. A pair of them may be patented as a "
"combination by somebody. There might be several different ways of "
"describing one idea which might be patented by various different people. So "
"there are possibly thousands of things, thousands of points of vulnerability "
"in your program, which might be patented by somebody else already. This is "
"why software patents tend to obstruct the progress of software—the "
-"work of software development. If it were one patent-one product, then these "
-"patents wouldn't obstruct the development of products because if you "
-"developed a new product, it wouldn't be patented by somebody else already. "
-"But when one product corresponds to many different ideas combined, it "
-"becomes very likely your new product is going to be patented by somebody "
-"else already. In fact, there is economic research now showing just how "
-"imposing a patent system on a field where there is incremental innovation, "
-"can retard progress. You see, the advocates of software patents say “"
-"well yes, there may be problems but more important than any problems, the "
-"patents must promote innovation and that is so important it doesn't matter "
-"what problems you cause”. Of course, they don't say that out loud "
-"because it is ridiculous but implicitly they want you to believe that as "
-"long as it promotes progress, that outweighs any possible cost. But "
-"actually, there is no reason to believe it does promote progress. We now "
-"have a model showing precisely how patents can retard progress. The case "
-"where that model can fit describes the software field pretty well; "
-"Incremental innovation."
-msgstr ""
-"Cela cadre avec la notion naïve que, dans le système des brevets que nous "
-"avons, si vous développez un nouveau produit, vous obtiendrez « Le BrevetÂ
» â"
-" la notion qu'il y a un brevet par produit et qu'il couvre l'idée de ce "
-"produit. Dans certaines spécialités, c'est presque vrai. Dans d'autres, "
-"comme le logiciel, on en est loin. C'est parce que les paquets logiciels "
-"sont habituellement très gros. Ils utilisent beaucoup d'idées différentes "
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-"la copie d'un autre, alors il est probable qu'il utilise une combinaison "
-"différente d'idées, associées, bien sûr, à du code nouvellement écrit,
parce "
-"que vous ne pouvez pas lancer comme ça des idées et comme par magie les
voir "
-"fonctionner. Vous avez à toutes les mettre en Åuvre. Vous devrez toutes les
"
-"mettre en Åuvre dans cette combinaison. Il en résulte qu'au cours de "
-"l'écriture d'un programme, vous utilisez beaucoup d'idées différentes dont
"
-"n'importe laquelle pourrait être brevetée par quelqu'un. La combinaison de "
-"deux idées pourrait être brevetée par quelqu'un. Il pourrait y avoir "
-"plusieurs façons différentes de décrire une idée qui pourraient être "
-"brevetées par diverses personnes. Donc il y a probablement des milliers de "
-"choses â des milliers de points de vulnérabilité dans votre programmeÂ
â qui "
-"pourraient être déjà brevetées par quelqu'un d'autre. C'est pourquoi les "
-"brevets logiciels tendent à empêcher le progrès du logiciel â le
travail de "
-"développement logiciel. S'il y avait un brevet par produit, alors ces "
-"brevets n'empêcheraient pas le développement de produits car, si vous "
-"développez un nouveau produit, il n'est pas déjà breveté par quelqu'un "
-"d'autre. Mais quand un produit correspond à l'association de beaucoup "
-"d'idées différentes, il est très probable que votre nouveau produit soit "
-"déjà breveté par quelqu'un d'autre. En fait, il y a une étude économique
qui "
-"montre que d'imposer un système de brevets à une spécialité où
l'innovation "
-"est incrémentale peut retarder le progrès. Les partisans des brevets "
-"logiciels disent : « Oui, il peut y avoir des problèmes, mais le plus "
-"important, c'est que les brevets doivent promouvoir l'innovation, et c'est "
-"si important que peu importe les problèmes qu'ils causent. » Bien sûr,
ils "
-"ne disent pas ça très fort car c'est ridicule, mais implicitement ils "
-"veulent vous faire croire que, tant que les brevets promeuvent le progrès, "
-"cela surpasse tous les coûts. Mais en fait, il n'y a aucune raison de croire
"
-"que les brevets participent au progrès. Nous avons maintenant un modèle qui
"
-"montre précisément comment les brevets peuvent retarder le progrès. Le cas
"
-"où ce modèle peut s'appliquer correspond très bien au domaine du logicielÂ
: "
-"l'innovation incrémentale."
+"work of software development."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If it were one patent-one product, then these patents wouldn't obstruct the "
+"development of products because if you developed a new product, it wouldn't "
+"be patented by somebody else already. But when one product corresponds to "
+"many different ideas combined, it becomes very likely your new product is "
+"going to be patented by somebody else already. In fact, there is economic "
+"research now showing just how imposing a patent system on a field where "
+"there is incremental innovation, can retard progress."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You see, the advocates of software patents say “well yes, there may be "
+"problems but more important than any problems, the patents must promote "
+"innovation and that is so important it doesn't matter what problems you "
+"cause”. Of course, they don't say that out loud because it is "
+"ridiculous but implicitly they want you to believe that as long as it "
+"promotes progress, that outweighs any possible cost. But actually, there is "
+"no reason to believe it does promote progress. We now have a model showing "
+"precisely how patents can retard progress. The case where that model can "
+"fit describes the software field pretty well; Incremental innovation."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -1505,32 +1919,45 @@
"much current that ‘If’ statement will draw and whether it can "
"dissipate the heat there inside that while statement. Whether there will be "
"a voltage drop across the while statement that will make the ‘"
-"If’ statement not function. I don't have to worry that if i run this "
-"program in a salt water environment that the salt water may get in between "
-"the ‘If’ statement and the ‘While’ statement and "
-"cause corrosion. I don't have to worry when I refer to the value of a "
-"variable whether I am exceeding the fan-out limit by referring to it 20 "
-"times. I don't have to worry, when I refer to the variable, how much "
-"capacitance it has and whether there has been sufficient time to charge up "
-"the value. I don't have to worry when I write the program, about how I am "
-"going to physically assemble each copy and whether I can manage to get "
-"access to put that ‘If’ statement inside the ‘While’ "
-"statement. I don't have to worry about how I am going to gain access in "
-"case that ‘If’ statement breaks, to remove it and replace it "
-"with a new one. So many problems that we don't have to worry about in "
-"software. That makes it fundamentally easier. It is fundamentally easier "
-"to write a program than to design a physical object that's going to work. "
-"This may seem strange because you have probably heard people talking about "
-"how hard software is to design and how this is a big problem and how we are "
-"going to solve it. They are not really talking about the same question as I "
-"am. I am comparing physical and software systems of the same complexity, "
-"the same number of parts. I am saying the software system is much easier to "
-"design than the physical system. But the intelligence of people in these "
-"various fields is the same, so what do we do when we are confronted with an "
-"easy field? We just push it further! We push our abilities to the limit. If "
-"systems of the same size are easy, let's make systems which are ten times as "
-"big, then it will be hard! That's what we do! We make software systems which "
-"are far bigger in terms of number of parts than physical systems. A "
+"If’ statement not function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I don't have to worry that if i run this program in a salt water environment "
+"that the salt water may get in between the ‘If’ statement and "
+"the ‘While’ statement and cause corrosion. I don't have to "
+"worry when I refer to the value of a variable whether I am exceeding the fan-"
+"out limit by referring to it 20 times. I don't have to worry, when I refer "
+"to the variable, how much capacitance it has and whether there has been "
+"sufficient time to charge up the value. I don't have to worry when I write "
+"the program, about how I am going to physically assemble each copy and "
+"whether I can manage to get access to put that ‘If’ statement "
+"inside the ‘While’ statement. I don't have to worry about how I "
+"am going to gain access in case that ‘If’ statement breaks, to "
+"remove it and replace it with a new one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So many problems that we don't have to worry about in software. That makes "
+"it fundamentally easier. It is fundamentally easier to write a program than "
+"to design a physical object that's going to work. This may seem strange "
+"because you have probably heard people talking about how hard software is to "
+"design and how this is a big problem and how we are going to solve it. They "
+"are not really talking about the same question as I am. I am comparing "
+"physical and software systems of the same complexity, the same number of "
+"parts. I am saying the software system is much easier to design than the "
+"physical system. But the intelligence of people in these various fields is "
+"the same, so what do we do when we are confronted with an easy field? We "
+"just push it further! We push our abilities to the limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If systems of the same size are easy, let's make systems which are ten times "
+"as big, then it will be hard! That's what we do! We make software systems "
+"which are far bigger in terms of number of parts than physical systems. A "
"physical system whose design has a million different pieces in it is a mega "
"project. A computer program whose design has a million pieces in it, is "
"maybe 300,000 lines, a few people will write that in a couple of years. "
@@ -1539,52 +1966,50 @@
"project done with essentially no funding whatsoever. Mostly done by people "
"in their spare time."
msgstr ""
-"Si je veux mettre une condition <code>if</code> dans une boucle <code>while</"
-"code>, je n'ai pas à me soucier de savoir si <code>if</code> oscillera Ã
une "
-"certaine fréquence, frottera contre <code>while</code> et si finalement les "
-"deux se briseront. Je n'ai pas à me soucier de savoir si elle oscillera à "
-"une certaine haute fréquence et induira un signal dans la valeur d'une autre
"
-"variable. Je n'ai pas besoin de savoir combien de courant cette condition "
-"<code>if</code> consommera et si elle peut dissiper la chaleur Ã
l'intérieur "
-"de cette boucle <code>while</code>Â ; ou s'il y aura une chute de tension "
-"dans la boucle <code>while</code> qui fera que la condition <code>if</code> "
-"ne fonctionnera pas. Si j'exécute ce programme dans un environnement d'eau "
-"salée, je n'ai pas à avoir peur que l'eau salée s'infiltre entre
<code>if</"
-"code> et <code>while</code> et provoque une corrosion. Quand j'appelle une "
-"variable 20 fois, je n'ai pas à avoir peur d'excéder sa limite de sortance "
-"<cite>[fan-out]</cite>. Quand j'appelle cette variable, je n'ai pas besoin "
-"de me soucier de sa capacitance ni de savoir si elle a eu suffisamment de "
-"temps pour charger sa valeur. Quand j'écris un programme, je n'ai pas à me "
-"soucier de savoir comment je vais assembler physiquement chaque copie et si "
-"j'ai accès à l'intérieur de la boucle <code>while</code> pour y introduire
"
-"cette condition <code>if</code>. Je n'ai pas à me soucier de la manière de "
-"démonter <code>if</code> pour la remplacer au cas où elle casserait. Il y a
"
-"tant de problèmes dont nous n'avons pas à nous soucier dans le logiciel ! "
-"Cela rend le développement logiciel fondamentalement plus facile. Il est "
-"beaucoup plus facile d'écrire un programme que de concevoir un objet "
-"physique qui fonctionne. Cela peut sembler étrange car vous avez "
-"probablement entendu des gens dire combien il était difficile de concevoir "
-"un logiciel, quel gros problème c'était, et décrire la manière dont ils "
-"allaient le résoudre. Ils ne parlent pas vraiment de la même chose que moi.
"
-"Je compare des systèmes physiques et logiciels de même complexité, de
même "
-"nombre d'éléments. Je dis qu'un système logiciel est bien plus facile à "
-"concevoir qu'un système physique. Mais l'intelligence des gens dans ces "
-"divers domaines est la même, alors que faisons-nous quand nous sommes "
-"confrontés à un domaine facile ? Nous allons encore plus loin ! Nous "
-"poussons nos capacités à leurs limites. Si des systèmes de même taille
sont "
-"faciles à concevoir, faisons alors des systèmes dix fois plus gros, alors
ce "
-"sera difficile ! C'est ce que nous faisons ! Nous faisons des systèmes "
-"logiciels qui sont bien plus grands, en termes de nombre d'éléments, que
les "
-"systèmes physiques. Un système physique dont la conception recèle un
million "
-"d'éléments différents est un mégaprojet. Un programme d'ordinateur dont
la "
-"conception recèle un million d'éléments, fait peut-être 300 000 lignesÂ
; "
-"quelques personnes écriront cela en deux ans. Ce n'est pas un programme "
-"particulièrement imposant. Je pense que GNU Emacs a maintenant quelques "
-"millions d'éléments. Il a un million de lignes de code. C'est un projet "
-"réalisé pour l'essentiel sans financement, par des personnes travaillant "
-"surtout pendant leur temps libre."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | There is another big saving. If you have designed a physical product, the
+# | next thing you have to do is design the factory to make it. To build this
+# | factory may cost millions or tens of millions whereas to make copies of
+# | the program, you just have to type ‘copy’. The same copy
+# | command will copy any program. You want copies on CD then fine. You burn
+# | a master CD and send it off to a CD plant. They will use the same
+# | equipment which will copy any contents on a CD. You don't have to build a
+# | factory to make this product. There is tremendous simplification and
+# | tremendous reduction in costs of designing things. [-The result is, say
+# | for an automobile company, who will spend 50 million dollars to build a
+# | factory, to build a new model of auto, they can hire some lawyers to cope
+# | with patent license negotiations. They can even cope with a law suit if
+# | they wanted to. To design a program of the same complexity may cost 50
+# | thousand or 100 thousand dollars. By comparison, the cost of dealing with
+# | the patent system is crushing. Or actually designing a program with the
+# | same complexity as the mechanical design of an auto is probably a month's
+# | work. How many parts does an auto have… that is if it is an auto
+# | which doesn't have computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There are not
+# | that many parts. That is not to say designing a good one is easy but just
+# | that there are not that many different things in it.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is another big saving. If you have designed a physical product, "
+#| "the next thing you have to do is design the factory to make it. To build "
+#| "this factory may cost millions or tens of millions whereas to make copies "
+#| "of the program, you just have to type ‘copy’. The same copy "
+#| "command will copy any program. You want copies on CD then fine. You "
+#| "burn a master CD and send it off to a CD plant. They will use the same "
+#| "equipment which will copy any contents on a CD. You don't have to build "
+#| "a factory to make this product. There is tremendous simplification and "
+#| "tremendous reduction in costs of designing things. The result is, say "
+#| "for an automobile company, who will spend 50 million dollars to build a "
+#| "factory, to build a new model of auto, they can hire some lawyers to cope "
+#| "with patent license negotiations. They can even cope with a law suit if "
+#| "they wanted to. To design a program of the same complexity may cost 50 "
+#| "thousand or 100 thousand dollars. By comparison, the cost of dealing "
+#| "with the patent system is crushing. Or actually designing a program with "
+#| "the same complexity as the mechanical design of an auto is probably a "
+#| "month's work. How many parts does an auto have… that is if it is "
+#| "an auto which doesn't have computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There "
+#| "are not that many parts. That is not to say designing a good one is easy "
+#| "but just that there are not that many different things in it."
msgid ""
"There is another big saving. If you have designed a physical product, the "
"next thing you have to do is design the factory to make it. To build this "
@@ -1594,18 +2019,85 @@
"CD and send it off to a CD plant. They will use the same equipment which "
"will copy any contents on a CD. You don't have to build a factory to make "
"this product. There is tremendous simplification and tremendous reduction "
-"in costs of designing things. The result is, say for an automobile company, "
-"who will spend 50 million dollars to build a factory, to build a new model "
-"of auto, they can hire some lawyers to cope with patent license "
-"negotiations. They can even cope with a law suit if they wanted to. To "
-"design a program of the same complexity may cost 50 thousand or 100 thousand "
-"dollars. By comparison, the cost of dealing with the patent system is "
-"crushing. Or actually designing a program with the same complexity as the "
-"mechanical design of an auto is probably a month's work. How many parts "
-"does an auto have… that is if it is an auto which doesn't have "
-"computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There are not that many parts. That "
-"is not to say designing a good one is easy but just that there are not that "
-"many different things in it."
+"in costs of designing things."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a une autre grosse source d'économie. Si vous avez conçu un produit "
+"matériel, ce que vous devez faire ensuite est de concevoir l'usine pour le "
+"fabriquer. Construire cette usine peut coûter des millions ou des dizaines "
+"de millions là où la copie du programme ne coûte que de taper <code>copy</"
+"code>. La même commande <code>copy</code> copiera n'importe quel programme. "
+"Vous voulez des copies sur CD ? Très bien. Vous gravez un CD master et vous
"
+"l'envoyez à une usine de gravage de CD. Ils utiliseront le même équipement
"
+"qui copiera n'importe quel contenu sur un CD. Vous n'avez pas besoin de "
+"bâtir une usine pour fabriquer ce produit. Il y a une énorme simplification
"
+"et une énorme réduction des coûts. Prenons par exemple un constructeur "
+"automobile : il dépensera 50 millions de dollars pour bâtir l'usine, pour
"
+"fabriquer un nouveau modèle de voiture, pour engager des avocats qui "
+"s'occuperont des négociations sur les licences de brevets. Ils pourraient "
+"même faire face à un procès s'ils le voulaient. Concevoir un programme de "
+"même complexité peut coûter 50 000 ou 100 000 dollars. En comparaison,
le "
+"coût de traiter avec le système des brevets est écrasant. En fait,
concevoir "
+"un programme de la même complexité que la conception mécanique d'une
voiture "
+"prend probablement un mois. Combien d'éléments contient une voiture qui n'a
"
+"pas d'ordinateur ? [<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>]. Il n'y a pas tant d'éléments
que "
+"cela. Cela ne veut pas dire que concevoir une bonne voiture est simple mais "
+"juste qu'elle ne contient pas tant d'éléments différents que cela."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-There is another big saving. If you have designed a physical product,
+# | the next thing you have to do is design the factory to make it. To build
+# | this factory may cost millions or tens of millions whereas to make copies
+# | of the program, you just have to type ‘copy’. The same copy
+# | command will copy any program. You want copies on CD then fine. You burn
+# | a master CD and send it off to a CD plant. They will use the same
+# | equipment which will copy any contents on a CD. You don't have to build a
+# | factory to make this product. There is tremendous simplification and
+# | tremendous reduction in costs of designing things.-]The result is, say for
+# | an automobile company, who will spend 50 million dollars to build a
+# | factory, to build a new model of auto, they can hire some lawyers to cope
+# | with patent license negotiations. They can even cope with a law suit if
+# | they wanted to. To design a program of the same complexity may cost 50
+# | thousand or 100 thousand dollars. By comparison, the cost of dealing with
+# | the patent system is crushing. Or actually designing a program with the
+# | same complexity as the mechanical design of an auto is probably a month's
+# | work. How many parts does an auto have… that is if it is an auto
+# | which doesn't have computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There are not
+# | that many parts. That is not to say designing a good one is easy but just
+# | that there are not that many different things in it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is another big saving. If you have designed a physical product, "
+#| "the next thing you have to do is design the factory to make it. To build "
+#| "this factory may cost millions or tens of millions whereas to make copies "
+#| "of the program, you just have to type ‘copy’. The same copy "
+#| "command will copy any program. You want copies on CD then fine. You "
+#| "burn a master CD and send it off to a CD plant. They will use the same "
+#| "equipment which will copy any contents on a CD. You don't have to build "
+#| "a factory to make this product. There is tremendous simplification and "
+#| "tremendous reduction in costs of designing things. The result is, say "
+#| "for an automobile company, who will spend 50 million dollars to build a "
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+#| "with patent license negotiations. They can even cope with a law suit if "
+#| "they wanted to. To design a program of the same complexity may cost 50 "
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+#| "the same complexity as the mechanical design of an auto is probably a "
+#| "month's work. How many parts does an auto have… that is if it is "
+#| "an auto which doesn't have computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There "
+#| "are not that many parts. That is not to say designing a good one is easy "
+#| "but just that there are not that many different things in it."
+msgid ""
+"The result is, say for an automobile company, who will spend 50 million "
+"dollars to build a factory, to build a new model of auto, they can hire some "
+"lawyers to cope with patent license negotiations. They can even cope with a "
+"law suit if they wanted to. To design a program of the same complexity may "
+"cost 50 thousand or 100 thousand dollars. By comparison, the cost of "
+"dealing with the patent system is crushing. Or actually designing a program "
+"with the same complexity as the mechanical design of an auto is probably a "
+"month's work. How many parts does an auto have… that is if it is an "
+"auto which doesn't have computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There are "
+"not that many parts. That is not to say designing a good one is easy but "
+"just that there are not that many different things in it."
msgstr ""
"Il y a une autre grosse source d'économie. Si vous avez conçu un produit "
"matériel, ce que vous devez faire ensuite est de concevoir l'usine pour le "
@@ -1656,55 +2148,72 @@
"which you could state in words. Then imagine it is around 1800 and you are "
"Beethoven and you want to write a symphony. You will find that getting your "
"symphony so that it doesn't infringe any patents is going to be harder than "
-"writing a good symphony. When you complain about this, the patent holders "
-"would say “Ah Beethoven, you are just bitching because you have no "
-"ideas of your own. All you want to do is rip off our inventions”. "
-"Beethoven, as it happens, had a lot of new musical ideas but he had to use a "
-"lot of existing musical ideas in order to make recognizable music. In order "
-"to make music that listeners could possibly like, that they could recognize "
-"as music. Nobody is so brilliant that he can re-invent music and make "
-"something that people would want to listen to. <a href=\"http://en.";
-"wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez\">Pierre Boulez</a> said he would try to do "
-"that, but who listens to Pierre Boulez? Nobody is so brilliant he can re-"
-"invent all of computer science, completely new. If he did, he would make "
-"something that the users would find so strange that they wouldn't want to "
-"use it. If you look at a word processor today, you would find, I think, "
-"hundreds of different features. If you develop a nice new innovative word "
-"processor, that means there are some new ideas in it, but there must be "
-"hundreds of old ideas in it. If you are not allowed to use them, you cannot "
-"make an innovative word processor."
-msgstr ""
-"La meilleure façon de l'expliquer est par analogie avec les symphonies. Une "
-"symphonie est aussi une Åuvre longue ; elle contient beaucoup de notes, et "
-"elle utilise probablement beaucoup d'idées musicales. Imaginez si, au "
-"XVIIIe siècle, les gouvernements d'Europe avaient décidé de promouvoir la
"
-"musique symphonique en établissant un Office européen des brevets musicaux "
-"qui aurait octroyé des brevets pour toutes sortes d'idées musicales qui "
-"pourraient se décliner en mots. Imaginez-vous alors aux environs de 1800, "
-"vous êtes Beethoven et vous voulez écrire une symphonie. Vous trouverez "
-"alors qu'écrire votre symphonie de sorte qu'elle ne viole pas de brevet "
-"deviendra plus difficile que d'écrire une bonne symphonie. Quand vous vous "
-"en plaindrez, les détenteurs de brevets vous diront : « Ah Beethoven,
vous "
-"rouspétez car vous n'avez pas d'idées personnelles. Tout ce que vous
voulez, "
-"c'est piquer nos inventions. » Beethoven avait beaucoup de nouvelles idées
"
-"musicales mais il a dû utiliser beaucoup d'idées existantes pour faire une "
-"musique reconnaissable, pour faire de la musique que les auditeurs puissent "
-"aimer, et qu'ils reconnaissent comme de la musique. Personne n'est assez "
-"génial pour réinventer la musique et faire quelque chose que les gens "
-"voudraient écouter. <a href=\"http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez";
-"\">Pierre Boulez</a> disait qu'il essaierait de le faire, mais qui écoute du
"
-"Boulez ? Personne n'est assez génial pour réinventer l'informatique "
-"totalement. S'il le faisait, il ferait quelque chose que les utilisateurs "
-"trouveraient si étrange qu'ils ne voudraient pas l'utiliser. Si vous "
-"regardez un logiciel de traitement de texte aujourd'hui, vous trouverez, je "
-"pense, des centaines de fonctionnalités différentes. Si vous développez un
"
-"joli traitement de texte innovant, cela signifie qu'il y a de nouvelles "
-"idées dedans, mais il doit y avoir aussi des centaines d'idées anciennes "
-"aussi. Si vous n'avez pas le droit de les utiliser, vous ne pouvez pas faire "
-"de traitement de texte innovant."
+"writing a good symphony."
+msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
+"When you complain about this, the patent holders would say “Ah "
+"Beethoven, you are just bitching because you have no ideas of your own. All "
+"you want to do is rip off our inventions”. Beethoven, as it happens, "
+"had a lot of new musical ideas but he had to use a lot of existing musical "
+"ideas in order to make recognizable music. In order to make music that "
+"listeners could possibly like, that they could recognize as music. Nobody "
+"is so brilliant that he can re-invent music and make something that people "
+"would want to listen to. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/";
+"Pierre_Boulez\">Pierre Boulez</a> said he would try to do that, but who "
+"listens to Pierre Boulez?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nobody is so brilliant he can re-invent all of computer science, completely "
+"new. If he did, he would make something that the users would find so "
+"strange that they wouldn't want to use it. If you look at a word processor "
+"today, you would find, I think, hundreds of different features. If you "
+"develop a nice new innovative word processor, that means there are some new "
+"ideas in it, but there must be hundreds of old ideas in it. If you are not "
+"allowed to use them, you cannot make an innovative word processor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Because the work of software development is so big, the result is that we
+# | don't need any artificial scheme to incentivize new ideas. You just have
+# | people writing software and they will have some new ideas. If you want to
+# | write a program and you want to make it good, so some ideas will come to
+# | you and some you will see a way to use. What used to happen, because I
+# | was in the software field before there were software patents, was most of
+# | the developers would publish any new ideas that they thought were
+# | noteworthy, that they thought that they might get any credit or respect
+# | for. [-The ideas that were too small or not impressive enough, they would
+# | not publish because that would be silly. Now the patent system is
+# | supposed to encourage disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days,
+# | nobody kept the ideas secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The
+# | code, after all, represented the bulk of the work. They would keep the
+# | code secret and publish the ideas so that way the employees would get some
+# | credit and feel good. After software patents, they still kept the code
+# | secret and they patented the ideas, so in fact, disclosure has not been
+# | encouraged in any meaningful sense.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because the work of software development is so big, the result is that we "
+#| "don't need any artificial scheme to incentivize new ideas. You just have "
+#| "people writing software and they will have some new ideas. If you want "
+#| "to write a program and you want to make it good, so some ideas will come "
+#| "to you and some you will see a way to use. What used to happen, because "
+#| "I was in the software field before there were software patents, was most "
+#| "of the developers would publish any new ideas that they thought were "
+#| "noteworthy, that they thought that they might get any credit or respect "
+#| "for. The ideas that were too small or not impressive enough, they would "
+#| "not publish because that would be silly. Now the patent system is "
+#| "supposed to encourage disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days, "
+#| "nobody kept the ideas secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The "
+#| "code, after all, represented the bulk of the work. They would keep the "
+#| "code secret and publish the ideas so that way the employees would get "
+#| "some credit and feel good. After software patents, they still kept the "
+#| "code secret and they patented the ideas, so in fact, disclosure has not "
+#| "been encouraged in any meaningful sense."
+msgid ""
"Because the work of software development is so big, the result is that we "
"don't need any artificial scheme to incentivize new ideas. You just have "
"people writing software and they will have some new ideas. If you want to "
@@ -1712,16 +2221,79 @@
"and some you will see a way to use. What used to happen, because I was in "
"the software field before there were software patents, was most of the "
"developers would publish any new ideas that they thought were noteworthy, "
-"that they thought that they might get any credit or respect for. The ideas "
-"that were too small or not impressive enough, they would not publish because "
-"that would be silly. Now the patent system is supposed to encourage "
-"disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days, nobody kept the ideas "
-"secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The code, after all, "
+"that they thought that they might get any credit or respect for."
+msgstr ""
+"Puisque le travail de développement logiciel est si grand, nous n'avons pas "
+"besoin de système artificiel qui favorise l'éclosion de nouvelles idées.
Il "
+"y a juste des gens qui écrivent des logiciels et qui auront de nouvelles "
+"idées. Si vous voulez écrire un programme et que vous voulez qu'il soit
bon, "
+"alors des idées vous viendront et vous trouverez un moyen de les utiliser. "
+"Ce qui se passait autrefois â car j'étais dans le domaine logiciel avant "
+"qu'il y ait des brevets logiciels â c'était que la plupart des
développeurs "
+"publiaient toute nouvelle idée qu'ils jugeaient importante, dont ils "
+"pensaient qu'elle leur apporterait reconnaissance et respect. Les idées "
+"mineures ou pas assez importantes n'étaient pas publiées car cela aurait
été "
+"stupide. Le système des brevets est censé encourager la divulgation des "
+"idées. Mais en fait, autrefois, personne ne gardait les idées secrètes.
Ils "
+"gardaient le code secret, c'est vrai. Le code, après tout, représentait la "
+"majeure partie du travail. Ils gardaient le code secret et publiaient les "
+"idées, pour que les salariés en aient le crédit et soient satisfaits.
Depuis "
+"l'apparition des brevets logiciels, ils gardent toujours le code secret et "
+"prennent des brevets sur les idées ; donc, en fait, la divulgation n'a pas "
+"été encouragée dans un quelconque sens pertinent."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Because the work of software development is so big, the result is that
+# | we don't need any artificial scheme to incentivize new ideas. You just
+# | have people writing software and they will have some new ideas. If you
+# | want to write a program and you want to make it good, so some ideas will
+# | come to you and some you will see a way to use. What used to happen,
+# | because I was in the software field before there were software patents,
+# | was most of the developers would publish any new ideas that they thought
+# | were noteworthy, that they thought that they might get any credit or
+# | respect for.-]The ideas that were too small or not impressive enough, they
+# | would not publish because that would be silly. Now the patent system is
+# | supposed to encourage disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days,
+# | nobody kept the ideas secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The
+# | code, after all, represented the bulk of the work. They would keep the
+# | code secret and publish the ideas so that way the employees would get some
+# | credit and feel good. After software patents, they still kept the code
+# | secret and they patented the ideas, so in fact, disclosure has not been
+# | encouraged in any meaningful sense. {+The same things are kept secret now
+# | as what were kept secret before, but the ideas which used to be published
+# | so that we could use them are now likely to be patented and off-limits for
+# | 20 years.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because the work of software development is so big, the result is that we "
+#| "don't need any artificial scheme to incentivize new ideas. You just have "
+#| "people writing software and they will have some new ideas. If you want "
+#| "to write a program and you want to make it good, so some ideas will come "
+#| "to you and some you will see a way to use. What used to happen, because "
+#| "I was in the software field before there were software patents, was most "
+#| "of the developers would publish any new ideas that they thought were "
+#| "noteworthy, that they thought that they might get any credit or respect "
+#| "for. The ideas that were too small or not impressive enough, they would "
+#| "not publish because that would be silly. Now the patent system is "
+#| "supposed to encourage disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days, "
+#| "nobody kept the ideas secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The "
+#| "code, after all, represented the bulk of the work. They would keep the "
+#| "code secret and publish the ideas so that way the employees would get "
+#| "some credit and feel good. After software patents, they still kept the "
+#| "code secret and they patented the ideas, so in fact, disclosure has not "
+#| "been encouraged in any meaningful sense."
+msgid ""
+"The ideas that were too small or not impressive enough, they would not "
+"publish because that would be silly. Now the patent system is supposed to "
+"encourage disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days, nobody kept the "
+"ideas secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The code, after all, "
"represented the bulk of the work. They would keep the code secret and "
"publish the ideas so that way the employees would get some credit and feel "
"good. After software patents, they still kept the code secret and they "
"patented the ideas, so in fact, disclosure has not been encouraged in any "
-"meaningful sense."
+"meaningful sense. The same things are kept secret now as what were kept "
+"secret before, but the ideas which used to be published so that we could use "
+"them are now likely to be patented and off-limits for 20 years."
msgstr ""
"Puisque le travail de développement logiciel est si grand, nous n'avons pas "
"besoin de système artificiel qui favorise l'éclosion de nouvelles idées.
Il "
@@ -1743,24 +2315,23 @@
"été encouragée dans un quelconque sens pertinent."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"The same things are kept secret now as what were kept secret before, but the "
-"ideas which used to be published so that we could use them are now likely to "
-"be patented and off-limits for 20 years. What can a country do to change "
-"this? How should we change the policy to solve this problem?"
-msgstr ""
-"Les mêmes choses sont gardées secrètes maintenant qu'auparavant, mais les "
-"idées qui étaient publiées de sorte que l'on puisse les utiliser sont "
-"maintenant brevetées et hors d'atteinte pendant 20 ans. Que peut faire un "
-"pays pour changer cela ? Comment peut-on changer la politique pour résoudre
"
-"ce problème ?"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"There are two places you can attack it. One is the place where patents are "
-"being applied for and issued, in the patent office. The other is when "
-"patents are being applied—that is, the question of what does a patent "
-"cover."
+# | {+What can a country do to change this? How should we change the policy to
+# | solve this problem?+} There are two places you can attack it. One is the
+# | place where patents are being applied for and issued, in the patent
+# | office. The other is when patents are being applied—that is, the
+# | question of what does a patent cover.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are two places you can attack it. One is the place where patents "
+#| "are being applied for and issued, in the patent office. The other is "
+#| "when patents are being applied—that is, the question of what does a "
+#| "patent cover."
+msgid ""
+"What can a country do to change this? How should we change the policy to "
+"solve this problem? There are two places you can attack it. One is the "
+"place where patents are being applied for and issued, in the patent office. "
+"The other is when patents are being applied—that is, the question of "
+"what does a patent cover."
msgstr ""
"On peut l'attaquer à deux niveaux. Le premier est l'endroit où sont
demandés "
"et accordés les brevets, l'office des brevets. Le second est le champ "
@@ -1796,6 +2367,37 @@
"Uni. Malheureusement pour vous."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | That approach won't work in the US. The reason is that the US already has
+# | large numbers of software patents and any change in the criteria for
+# | issuing patents won't get rid of the existing ones.[<a href=\"#f2\">2</a>]
+# | In fact, these patents are not officially labeled as software patents. I
+# | say software patents but what do I really mean? Patents which might
+# | potentially apply to software. Patents which might potentially get you
+# | sued for writing software. [-The patent office doesn't divide patents
+# | into software patents and other patents. So, in fact, any patent might
+# | conceivably get you sued for writing software if it could apply to some
+# | software. So in the US the solution would have to be done through
+# | changing the applicability, the scope of patents saying that a pure
+# | software implementation running on general purpose computer hardware which
+# | does not in itself infringe the patent, is not covered by any patent and
+# | you cannot get sued for it. That is the other kind of solution.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "That approach won't work in the US. The reason is that the US already "
+#| "has large numbers of software patents and any change in the criteria for "
+#| "issuing patents won't get rid of the existing ones.[<a href=\"#f2\">2</"
+#| "a>] In fact, these patents are not officially labeled as software "
+#| "patents. I say software patents but what do I really mean? Patents which "
+#| "might potentially apply to software. Patents which might potentially get "
+#| "you sued for writing software. The patent office doesn't divide patents "
+#| "into software patents and other patents. So, in fact, any patent might "
+#| "conceivably get you sued for writing software if it could apply to some "
+#| "software. So in the US the solution would have to be done through "
+#| "changing the applicability, the scope of patents saying that a pure "
+#| "software implementation running on general purpose computer hardware "
+#| "which does not in itself infringe the patent, is not covered by any "
+#| "patent and you cannot get sued for it. That is the other kind of "
+#| "solution."
msgid ""
"That approach won't work in the US. The reason is that the US already has "
"large numbers of software patents and any change in the criteria for issuing "
@@ -1803,11 +2405,63 @@
"these patents are not officially labeled as software patents. I say "
"software patents but what do I really mean? Patents which might potentially "
"apply to software. Patents which might potentially get you sued for writing "
-"software. The patent office doesn't divide patents into software patents "
-"and other patents. So, in fact, any patent might conceivably get you sued "
-"for writing software if it could apply to some software. So in the US the "
-"solution would have to be done through changing the applicability, the scope "
-"of patents saying that a pure software implementation running on general "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette approche ne fonctionnerait pas aux Ãtats-Unis, parce que les Ãtats-"
+"Unis ont déjà un grand nombre de brevets logiciels et que tout changement "
+"dans les critères de délivrance des brevets n'éliminera pas les brevets "
+"existants [<a href=\"#f2\">2</a>]. En fait ces brevets ne sont pas "
+"officiellement étiquetés comme brevets logiciels. Je dis brevets logiciels "
+"mais qu'est-ce que je veux vraiment dire ? Des brevets qui peuvent "
+"potentiellement s'appliquer aux logiciels ; des brevets qui pourraient "
+"potentiellement vous faire poursuivre en justice pour avoir écrit un "
+"logiciel. L'office des brevets ne les classe pas en brevets logiciels et "
+"autres brevets. Donc, il est concevable que tout brevet pourrait vous amener "
+"devant le tribunal pour avoir écrit du logiciel s'il pouvait s'appliquer à "
+"un logiciel. Aussi, aux Ãtats-Unis, la solution passerait par un changement "
+"des critères d'applicabilité, du champ d'application des brevets. On
devrait "
+"dire qu'une pure mise en Åuvre logicielle exécutée sur un ordinateur "
+"universel, qui n'enfreint pas lui-même de brevet, n'est pas couverte par un "
+"brevet et ne peut entraîner de poursuites. C'est l'autre type de solution."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-That approach won't work in the US. The reason is that the US already
+# | has large numbers of software patents and any change in the criteria for
+# | issuing patents won't get rid of the existing ones.[<a href=\"#f2\">2</a>]
+# | In fact, these patents are not officially labeled as software patents. I
+# | say software patents but what do I really mean? Patents which might
+# | potentially apply to software. Patents which might potentially get you
+# | sued for writing software.-]The patent office doesn't divide patents into
+# | software patents and other patents. So, in fact, any patent might
+# | conceivably get you sued for writing software if it could apply to some
+# | software. So in the US the solution would have to be done through
+# | changing the applicability, the scope of patents saying that a pure
+# | software implementation running on general purpose computer hardware which
+# | does not in itself infringe the patent, is not covered by any patent and
+# | you cannot get sued for it. That is the other kind of solution.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "That approach won't work in the US. The reason is that the US already "
+#| "has large numbers of software patents and any change in the criteria for "
+#| "issuing patents won't get rid of the existing ones.[<a href=\"#f2\">2</"
+#| "a>] In fact, these patents are not officially labeled as software "
+#| "patents. I say software patents but what do I really mean? Patents which "
+#| "might potentially apply to software. Patents which might potentially get "
+#| "you sued for writing software. The patent office doesn't divide patents "
+#| "into software patents and other patents. So, in fact, any patent might "
+#| "conceivably get you sued for writing software if it could apply to some "
+#| "software. So in the US the solution would have to be done through "
+#| "changing the applicability, the scope of patents saying that a pure "
+#| "software implementation running on general purpose computer hardware "
+#| "which does not in itself infringe the patent, is not covered by any "
+#| "patent and you cannot get sued for it. That is the other kind of "
+#| "solution."
+msgid ""
+"The patent office doesn't divide patents into software patents and other "
+"patents. So, in fact, any patent might conceivably get you sued for writing "
+"software if it could apply to some software. So in the US the solution "
+"would have to be done through changing the applicability, the scope of "
+"patents saying that a pure software implementation running on general "
"purpose computer hardware which does not in itself infringe the patent, is "
"not covered by any patent and you cannot get sued for it. That is the other "
"kind of solution."
@@ -1844,15 +2498,51 @@
"notice. There was a supreme court decision in 1981 which considered a "
"patent on a process for curing rubber. The ruling was that the fact that "
"the apparatus included a computer and a program as part of the process to "
-"cure the rubber did not make it un-patentable. The appeals court the next "
-"year which considers all patent cases, reversed the qualifiers. They said "
-"the fact that there is a computer and a program in this makes it "
-"patentable. The fact that there is a computer and program in anything makes "
-"it patentable. This is why the US started having business procedure "
-"patents. This is because the business procedures were carried out on a "
-"computer and that made them patentable. So this ruling was made and I think "
-"the natural order recalculation patent was one of the first or might have "
-"been even the first. Throughout the 80's we didn't know about this."
+"cure the rubber did not make it un-patentable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-When the US started having software patents, there was no political
+# | debate. In fact, nobody noticed. The software field, for the most part,
+# | didn't even notice. There was a supreme court decision in 1981 which
+# | considered a patent on a process for curing rubber. The ruling was that
+# | the fact that the apparatus included a computer and a program as part of
+# | the process to cure the rubber did not make it un-patentable.-]The appeals
+# | court the next year which considers all patent cases, reversed the
+# | qualifiers. They said the fact that there is a computer and a program in
+# | this makes it patentable. The fact that there is a computer and program
+# | in anything makes it patentable. This is why the US started having
+# | business procedure patents. This is because the business procedures were
+# | carried out on a computer and that made them patentable. So this ruling
+# | was made and I think the natural order recalculation patent was one of the
+# | first or might have been even the first. Throughout the 80's we didn't
+# | know about this.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When the US started having software patents, there was no political "
+#| "debate. In fact, nobody noticed. The software field, for the most part, "
+#| "didn't even notice. There was a supreme court decision in 1981 which "
+#| "considered a patent on a process for curing rubber. The ruling was that "
+#| "the fact that the apparatus included a computer and a program as part of "
+#| "the process to cure the rubber did not make it un-patentable. The "
+#| "appeals court the next year which considers all patent cases, reversed "
+#| "the qualifiers. They said the fact that there is a computer and a "
+#| "program in this makes it patentable. The fact that there is a computer "
+#| "and program in anything makes it patentable. This is why the US started "
+#| "having business procedure patents. This is because the business "
+#| "procedures were carried out on a computer and that made them patentable. "
+#| "So this ruling was made and I think the natural order recalculation "
+#| "patent was one of the first or might have been even the first. "
+#| "Throughout the 80's we didn't know about this."
+msgid ""
+"The appeals court the next year which considers all patent cases, reversed "
+"the qualifiers. They said the fact that there is a computer and a program "
+"in this makes it patentable. The fact that there is a computer and program "
+"in anything makes it patentable. This is why the US started having business "
+"procedure patents. This is because the business procedures were carried out "
+"on a computer and that made them patentable. So this ruling was made and I "
+"think the natural order recalculation patent was one of the first or might "
+"have been even the first. Throughout the 80's we didn't know about this."
msgstr ""
"Quand les Ãtats-Unis ont commencé à avoir des brevets logiciels, il n'y a "
"pas eu de débat politique. En fait, personne ne l'a remarqué. Même les
gens "
@@ -2248,6 +2938,526 @@
msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
#~ msgid ""
+#~ "There is no way you can keep track of what they are all about. You would "
+#~ "have to try to search for relevant ones. Some people say that should be "
+#~ "easy in these modern days of computers. You could search for key words "
+#~ "and so-on. That one works to a certain extent. You will find some "
+#~ "patents in the area. You won't necessarily find them all however. For "
+#~ "instance, there was a software patent which may have expired by now on "
+#~ "natural order recalculation in spread sheets. This means basically that "
+#~ "when you make certain cells depend upon other cells, it always "
+#~ "recalculates everything after the things it depends on, so that after one "
+#~ "re-calculation, everything is up to date. The first spread sheets did "
+#~ "their recalculation top-down, so if you made a cell depend on a cell "
+#~ "lower down, and you had a few such steps, you had to recalculate several "
+#~ "times to get the new values to propagate upwards. You were supposed to "
+#~ "have things depend upon cells above them. Then someone realized why "
+#~ "don't I do the recalculation so that everything gets recalculated after "
+#~ "the things it depends upon? This algorithm is known as topological "
+#~ "sorting. The first reference to it I could find was in 1963. The patent "
+#~ "covered several dozen different ways you could implement topological "
+#~ "sorting but you wouldn't have found this patent by searching for "
+#~ "spreadsheet. You couldn't have found it by searching for natural order "
+#~ "or topological sort. It didn't have any of those terms in it. In fact, "
+#~ "it was described as a method of compiling formulas into object code. "
+#~ "When I first saw it, I thought it was the wrong patent."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Il n'y a aucun moyen de se tenir au courant de ce dont ils traitent tous. "
+#~ "Il faudrait donc essayer de rechercher les brevets pertinents. Certains "
+#~ "disent que cela devrait être facile de nos jours avec les ordinateurs. "
+#~ "Vous pourriez rechercher des mots-clés, etc. Cela marche jusqu'à un "
+#~ "certain point. Vous trouverez quelques brevets dans votre spécialité. "
+#~ "Cependant vous ne les trouverez pas nécessairement tous. Par exemple, il "
+#~ "y avait un brevet logiciel qui doit avoir expiré maintenant, sur le "
+#~ "« recalcul<a id=\"TransNote1-rev\" href=\"#TransNote1\"><sup>a</sup></a>
"
+#~ "dans l'ordre naturel dans les tableurs ». Ce qui signifie en gros que "
+#~ "lorsque vous rendez certaines cellules dépendantes d'autres cellules, "
+#~ "elles sont toutes recalculées après les cellules dont elles dépendent,
"
+#~ "de sorte qu'un seul recalcul met tout à jour. Les premiers tableurs "
+#~ "faisaient le recalcul du haut vers le bas ; donc si vous faisiez
dépendre "
+#~ "une cellule d'une autre située plus bas dans la feuille, et que vous "
+#~ "aviez plusieurs étapes similaires, vous deviez faire le recalcul "
+#~ "plusieurs fois pour que les nouvelles valeurs se propagent. Les cellules "
+#~ "étaient censées dépendre de celles qui étaient situées au-dessus
d'elles. "
+#~ "Alors, quelqu'un s'est dit : «Pourquoi ne ferais-je pas le recalcul de "
+#~ "sorte que tout soit recalculé en fonction des dépendances, quelle que "
+#~ "soit la position dans la feuille ? » Cet algorithme est connu sous le
nom "
+#~ "de « tri topologique ». La première référence à cet algorithme que
j'aie "
+#~ "pu trouver date de 1963. Le brevet couvrait plusieurs dizaines de moyens "
+#~ "différents de le mettre en Åuvre, mais vous n'auriez pas pu trouver ce "
+#~ "brevet en recherchant « tableur ». Vous n'auriez pas pu le trouver en "
+#~ "recherchant « ordre naturel » ni « tri topologique ». Il ne
contenait "
+#~ "aucun de ces termes. En fait, il était décrit comme une méthode de "
+#~ "compilation de formules en code objet. Quand je l'ai vu la première fois,
"
+#~ "j'ai pensé que ce n'était pas le bon brevet."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This is not just theoretical. Around 1990, a programmer named <a href="
+#~ "\"http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n3/hypercard.html\";>Paul Heckel</"
+#~ "a> sued Apple claiming that Hypercard infringed a couple of his patents. "
+#~ "When he first saw Hypercard, he didn't think it had anything to do with "
+#~ "his patent, with his “Inventions”. It didn't look similar. "
+#~ "When his lawyer told him that you could read the patents as covering part "
+#~ "of Hypercard, he decided to attack Apple. When I had a speech about this "
+#~ "at Stanford, he was in the audience, he said “That's <a href="
+#~ "\"http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/int-prop/heckel-debunking.html";
+#~ "\"> not true</a>, I just didn't understand the extent of my protection!"
+#~ "” I said yes, that's what I said! So, in fact, you will have to "
+#~ "spend a lot of time talking with lawyers to figure out what these patents "
+#~ "prohibit you from doing. Ultimately they are going to say something like "
+#~ "this: “If you do something in here, you are sure to lose, If you do "
+#~ "something here, there is a substantial chance of losing, and if you "
+#~ "really want to be safe, stay out of this area. And, by the way, there is "
+#~ "a sizable element of chance in the outcome of any law suit”."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ce n'est pas seulement théorique. Aux environs de 1990, un programmeur du
"
+#~ "nom de <a href=\"http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n3/hypercard.html";
+#~ "\">Paul Heckel</a> a poursuivi Apple en revendiquant que HyperCard "
+#~ "violait deux de ses brevets. Quand il avait vu HyperCard pour la première
"
+#~ "fois, il ne pensait pas que cela ait quelque chose à voir avec ses "
+#~ "brevets, avec ses « inventions ». Cela n'y ressemblait pas. Puis quand
"
+#~ "son avocat lui a dit que ses brevets pouvaient être interprétés comme "
+#~ "couvrant une partie de HyperCard, il a décidé d'attaquer Apple. Lorsque "
+#~ "j'ai fait une conférence à Stanford sur ce sujet, il était présent
dans "
+#~ "le public et a dit : « Ce n'est <a href=\"http://www.swiss.ai.mit.";
+#~ "edu/6805/articles/int-prop/heckel-debunking.html\">pas vrai</a>, je "
+#~ "n'avais simplement pas compris l'étendue de ma protection ! » J'ai "
+#~ "répondu : « Oui, c'est ce que j'ai dit ! » Donc, en fait, vous
devrez "
+#~ "passer beaucoup de temps à parler avec des avocats pour trouver ce que "
+#~ "ces brevets vous interdisent de faire. Finalement, ils diront quelque "
+#~ "chose de ce genre : « Si vous faites ceci, vous êtes sûr de perdre.
Si "
+#~ "vous faites cela, il y a de grandes chances que vous perdiez et, si vous "
+#~ "voulez vraiment être tranquille, restez en dehors de ce domaine. Et à "
+#~ "propos, il y a un facteur chance considérable dans l'issue de tout "
+#~ "procès. »"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "That means don't use the idea that the patent covers. This can be easy "
+#~ "or hard, depending on what that idea is. In some cases, a feature is "
+#~ "patented. Then you avoid the patent by not implementing that feature. "
+#~ "Then it just matters how important is that feature. In some cases, you "
+#~ "can live without it. A while ago, the users of the word processor "
+#~ "XyWrite got a downgrade in the mail. The downgrade removed a feature "
+#~ "which allowed you to pre-define abbreviations. That when you typed an "
+#~ "abbreviation followed by a punctuation character, it would immediately "
+#~ "replace itself with by some expansion. So that way you could define the "
+#~ "abbreviation for some long phrase, type the abbreviation then the long "
+#~ "phrase will be in your document. They wrote to me about this because "
+#~ "they knew the <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">Emacs</a> editor has a similar "
+#~ "feature. In fact, it had it since the 70's. This was interesting "
+#~ "because it showed me that I had at least one patentable idea in my life. "
+#~ "I knew it was patentable because somebody else patented it afterward! "
+#~ "Actually, they had tried these various approaches. First they tried "
+#~ "negotiating with the patent holder, who turned out not to negotiate in "
+#~ "good faith. Then they looked at whether they could have a chance of "
+#~ "overturning the patent. What they decided to do was take out the "
+#~ "feature. You can live without this feature. If the word processor lacks "
+#~ "only this feature, maybe people will still use it. But as various "
+#~ "features start getting hit, eventually you end up with a program people "
+#~ "think is not very good and they are likely to reject it. That is a "
+#~ "rather narrow patent on a very specific feature."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cela veut dire de ne pas utiliser l'idée couverte par le brevet. Cela "
+#~ "peut être facile ou difficile, en fonction de ce sur quoi porte l'idée. "
+#~ "Dans certains cas, c'est une fonctionnalité qui est brevetée. Alors,
vous "
+#~ "évitez le brevet en ne mettant pas en Åuvre cette fonctionnalité. "
+#~ "Ensuite, cela dépend seulement de l'importance de la fonctionnalité.
Dans "
+#~ "certains cas, vous pouvez vous en passer. Il y a quelques temps, les "
+#~ "utilisateurs du logiciel de traitement de texte XyWrite ont reçu une mise
"
+#~ "à jour régressive par courrier. Cette mise à jour supprimait une "
+#~ "fonctionnalité qui permettait de prédéfinir des abréviations. Cela
veut "
+#~ "dire que si vous tapiez une abréviation suivie d'un caractère de "
+#~ "ponctuation, elle était immédiatement remplacée par une extension.
Ainsi, "
+#~ "vous pouvez définir une abréviation pour une phrase longue, taper "
+#~ "l'abréviation, et alors la phrase longue s'insérait dans le document.
Ils "
+#~ "m'écrivirent à ce sujet car ils savaient que l'éditeur <a href=\"/"
+#~ "software/emacs/emacs.html\">Emacs</a> offrait une fonctionnalité "
+#~ "similaire. En fait, c'était le cas depuis les années 70. C'était "
+#~ "intéressant car cela m'a montré que j'avais eu au moins une idée "
+#~ "brevetable dans ma vie. Je sais qu'elle était brevetable parce que "
+#~ "quelqu'un d'autre l'a brevetée plus tard ! En fait, ils avaient essayé "
+#~ "ces différentes approches. D'abord ils essayèrent de négocier avec le "
+#~ "détenteur du brevet, qui fit preuve de mauvaise foi. Puis, ils "
+#~ "cherchèrent à savoir s'ils avaient une chance de faire invalider le "
+#~ "brevet. Ce qu'ils décidèrent de faire, c'est d'ôter la fonctionnalité.
"
+#~ "Vous pouvez vous en passer ; s'il ne manque que celle-là au traitement
de "
+#~ "texte, les gens continueront peut-être à l'utiliser. Mais au fur et à "
+#~ "mesure que diverses fonctionnalités sont touchées, vous arrivez "
+#~ "finalement à un programme dont les gens pensent qu'il n'est pas très bon
"
+#~ "et il est probable qu'ils le rejettent. Il s'agit d'un brevet de portée "
+#~ "assez étroite, sur une fonctionnalité très spécifique."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "In some cases, you can find a better algorithm. This may or may not do "
+#~ "you any good. Because we couldn't use compress, in the GNU project we "
+#~ "started looking for some other algorithm for data compression. Somebody "
+#~ "wrote to us saying he had one. He had written a program and he decided to "
+#~ "contribute it to us. We were going to release it. Just by chance, I "
+#~ "happened to see a copy of the New York Times. It happened to have the "
+#~ "weekly patent column in it. I didn't see a copy of the Times more than "
+#~ "once every few months. So I looked at it and it said that somebody had "
+#~ "got a patent for “Inventing a new method of compressing "
+#~ "data”. I figured I better take a look at this patent. I got a "
+#~ "copy and it turned out to cover the program that we were just a week away "
+#~ "from releasing. That program died before it was born. Later on we did "
+#~ "find another algorithm which was un-patented. That became the program <a "
+#~ "href=\"/software/gzip/\"> gzip</a>, which is now effectively the de-facto "
+#~ "standard for data compression. As an algorithm to use in a program for "
+#~ "data compression, it was fine. Anyone who wanted to do data compression "
+#~ "could use gzip instead of compress. But the same patented LZW "
+#~ "compression algorithm was also used in image formats such as the <a href="
+#~ "\"/philosophy/gif.html\">GIF</a> format. But there because the job "
+#~ "people wanted to do was not to simply compress data but to make an image "
+#~ "that people could display with their software, it turned out extremely "
+#~ "hard to switch over to a different algorithm. We have not been able to "
+#~ "do it in 10 years! Yes, people use the gzip algorithm to define <a href="
+#~ "\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/\";>another image format</a>, once people "
+#~ "started getting threatened with law suits for using GIF files. When we "
+#~ "started saying to people stop using GIF files, switch over to this, "
+#~ "people said “We can't switch. The browsers don't support the new "
+#~ "format yet”. The browser developers said “We're not in a "
+#~ "hurry about this. After all, nobody is using this file format”."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dans certains cas, vous pouvez trouver un meilleur algorithme. Cela peut, "
+#~ "ou non, être bénéfique pour vous. Puisque nous ne pouvions pas utiliser
"
+#~ "<cite>compress</cite> dans le projet GNU, nous avons commencé à chercher
"
+#~ "d'autres algorithmes pour la compression de données. Quelqu'un nous "
+#~ "écrivit en disant qu'il en avait un. Il avait écrit un programme et "
+#~ "décidé de nous l'offrir. Nous étions sur le point de le publier quand, "
+#~ "par hasard, je suis tombé sur un exemplaire du New York Times dans lequel
"
+#~ "il y avait la rubrique hebdomadaire des brevets â je regardais le Times
"
+#~ "moins d'une fois par mois. Je l'ai lue, et elle disait que quelqu'un "
+#~ "avait obtenu un brevet pour « l'invention d'une nouvelle méthode de "
+#~ "compression de données ». Je me suis dit qu'il valait mieux jeter un
Åil "
+#~ "à ce brevet. J'en ai obtenu une copie et il s'avéra qu'il couvrait le "
+#~ "programme que nous étions juste à une semaine de publier. Ce programme a
"
+#~ "été tué dans l'Åuf. Plus tard, nous avons trouvé un autre algorithme
qui "
+#~ "n'était pas breveté. Cela devint le programme <a href=\"/software/gzip/"
+#~ "gzip.html\">gzip</a>, qui est à présent le standard de facto pour la "
+#~ "compression de données. En tant qu'algorithme à utiliser dans un "
+#~ "programme pour la compression de données, c'était un succès. Quiconque "
+#~ "voulait faire de la compression de données pouvait utiliser <cite>gzip</"
+#~ "cite> plutôt que <cite>compress</cite>. Mais ce même algorithme de "
+#~ "compression breveté, LZW, était aussi utilisé dans des formats d'image "
+#~ "comme le format <a href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\">GIF</a>. Le but n'était "
+#~ "pas simplement de compresser des données mais de faire des images que les
"
+#~ "gens pourraient afficher dans leurs logiciels, il se révéla donc "
+#~ "extrêmement difficile de passer à un algorithme différent. Nous n'avons
"
+#~ "pas été capables de le faire en 10 ans ! Oui, un <a
href=\"http://www.w3.";
+#~ "org/Graphics/PNG/\">autre format d'image</a> a été défini à partir de "
+#~ "l'algorithme <cite>gzip</cite> lorsque les gens ont commencé à être "
+#~ "menacés de poursuites judiciaires pour l'utilisation de fichiers GIF. "
+#~ "Quand nous avons commencé à leur dire d'arrêter d'utiliser des fichiers
"
+#~ "GIF, de passer aux fichiers PNG, ils dirent : « Nous ne pouvons pas "
+#~ "changer. Les navigateurs ne gèrent pas encore le nouveau format. » Les "
+#~ "développeurs de navigateurs dirent : « Il n'y a pas urgence. Après
tout, "
+#~ "personne n'utilise ce format de fichier. »"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This phenomenon of cross-licensing refutes a common myth, the myth of the "
+#~ "starving genius. The myth that patents “protect” the “"
+#~ "small inventor”. Those terms are propaganda terms. You shouldn't "
+#~ "use them. The scenario is like this: Suppose there is a brilliant "
+#~ "designer of whatever of whatever. Suppose he has spent years starving in "
+#~ "the attic designing a new wonderful kind of whatever and now wants to "
+#~ "manufacture it and isn't it a shame the big companies are going to go "
+#~ "into competition with him, take away all the business and he'll “"
+#~ "starve”. I will have to point out that people in high tech fields "
+#~ "are not generally working on their own and that ideas don't come in a "
+#~ "vacuum, they are based on ideas of others and these people have pretty "
+#~ "good chances of getting a job if they need to these days. So this "
+#~ "scenario, the idea that a brilliant idea came from this brilliant person "
+#~ "working alone is unrealistic and the idea that he is in danger of "
+#~ "starving is unrealistic. But it is conceivable that somebody could have "
+#~ "an idea and this idea along with 100 or 200 other ideas can be the basis "
+#~ "of making some kind of product and that big companies might want to "
+#~ "compete with him. So let's see what happens if he tries to use a patent "
+#~ "to stop them. He says “Oh No, IBM. You cannot compete with me. "
+#~ "I've got this patent. IBM says let's see. Let's look at your product. "
+#~ "Hmmm. I've got this patent and this one and this one and this one and "
+#~ "this one and this one, which parts of your product infringe. If you "
+#~ "think you can fight against all of them in court, I will just go back and "
+#~ "find some more. So, why don't you cross license with me?” And then "
+#~ "this brilliant small inventor says “Well, OK, I'll cross "
+#~ "license”. So he can go back and make these wonderful whatever it "
+#~ "is, but so can IBM. IBM gets access to his patent and gets the right to "
+#~ "compete with him, which means that this patent didn't “"
+#~ "protect” him at all. The patent system doesn't really do that."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ce phénomène des licences croisées réfute une légende répandue, la "
+#~ "légende du génie-qui-meurt-de-faim, celle qui dit que les brevets "
+#~ "« protègent » le « petit inventeur ». Ces termes sont des termes
de "
+#~ "propagande. Vous ne devriez pas les utiliser. Le scénario se présente "
+#~ "comme ceci : supposez qu'il y ait un brillant inventeur de quelque chose.
"
+#~ "Supposez qu'il ait passé des années à mourir de faim dans son grenier "
+#~ "pour concevoir un truc-formidable d'un nouveau genre et qu'il veuille "
+#~ "maintenant le fabriquer ; n'est-ce pas une honte que les grosses
sociétés "
+#~ "entrent en concurrence avec lui, le privant de son marché, et qu'il "
+#~ "« meure de faim » ? Je voudrais faire remarquer que, dans le domaine
des "
+#~ "hautes technologies, les gens ne travaillent généralement pas seuls dans
"
+#~ "leur coin, et que les idées ne viennent pas du néant ; elles sont
basées "
+#~ "sur les idées d'autres personnes. De nos jours, ces inventeurs ont de "
+#~ "très fortes chances d'obtenir un travail s'ils en ont besoin. Aussi, ce "
+#~ "scénario, la notion qu'une idée géniale vienne à l'esprit de cette "
+#~ "personne brillante travaillant seule est irréaliste, tout comme la notion
"
+#~ "qu'elle serait en danger de mourir de faim. Mais il est concevable que "
+#~ "quelqu'un puisse avoir une idée, que cette idée, combinée avec 100 ou "
+#~ "200 autres, puisse servir à faire un produit, et que des grosses
sociétés "
+#~ "puissent vouloir lui faire concurrence. Alors voyons ce qui arrive s'il "
+#~ "essaie d'utiliser un brevet pour les arrêter. Il dit : « Oh non, IBM. "
+#~ "Vous ne pouvez pas me concurrencer. J'ai ce brevet. » Et IBM répond : "
+#~ "« Voyons cela. Regardons votre produit. Humm, j'ai ce brevet et
celui-ci, "
+#~ "et celui-ci et celui-ci et celui-ci et celui-ci et celui-ci, que "
+#~ "certaines parties de votre produit enfreignent. Si vous pensez que vous "
+#~ "pouvez vous battre contre tous ces brevets au tribunal, j'irai en "
+#~ "chercher d'autres. Alors, pourquoi ne pas négocier des licences "
+#~ "croisées ? » Et ensuite, ce brillant petit inventeur dit : « Bien, "
+#~ "d'accord, nous croiserons nos licences. » Alors il peut rentrer et faire
"
+#~ "son truc-formidable, mais IBM aussi. IBM a l'accès à son brevet et a le "
+#~ "droit de le concurrencer, ce qui signifie que ce brevet n'a pas du tout "
+#~ "« protégé » l'inventeur. Le système des brevets ne fait pas
vraiment ça."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "That fits in with the naive idea of the patent system that we have, that "
+#~ "if you are designing a new product, you are going to get “The "
+#~ "Patent”. The idea that there is one patent per product and that it "
+#~ "covers the idea of that product. In some fields it is closer to being "
+#~ "true. In other fields it is further from being true. This is because "
+#~ "software packages are usually very big. They use many different ideas in "
+#~ "a new combination. If the program is new and not just copied, then it is "
+#~ "probably using a different combination of ideas combined, of course, with "
+#~ "newly written code, because you can't just magically say the names of "
+#~ "these ideas and have them work. You have to implement them all. You "
+#~ "have to implement them all in that combination. The result is that even "
+#~ "when you write a program, you are using lots of different ideas, any one "
+#~ "of them might be patented by somebody. A pair of them may be patented as "
+#~ "a combination by somebody. There might be several different ways of "
+#~ "describing one idea which might be patented by various different people. "
+#~ "So there are possibly thousands of things, thousands of points of "
+#~ "vulnerability in your program, which might be patented by somebody else "
+#~ "already. This is why software patents tend to obstruct the progress of "
+#~ "software—the work of software development. If it were one patent-"
+#~ "one product, then these patents wouldn't obstruct the development of "
+#~ "products because if you developed a new product, it wouldn't be patented "
+#~ "by somebody else already. But when one product corresponds to many "
+#~ "different ideas combined, it becomes very likely your new product is "
+#~ "going to be patented by somebody else already. In fact, there is "
+#~ "economic research now showing just how imposing a patent system on a "
+#~ "field where there is incremental innovation, can retard progress. You "
+#~ "see, the advocates of software patents say “well yes, there may be "
+#~ "problems but more important than any problems, the patents must promote "
+#~ "innovation and that is so important it doesn't matter what problems you "
+#~ "cause”. Of course, they don't say that out loud because it is "
+#~ "ridiculous but implicitly they want you to believe that as long as it "
+#~ "promotes progress, that outweighs any possible cost. But actually, there "
+#~ "is no reason to believe it does promote progress. We now have a model "
+#~ "showing precisely how patents can retard progress. The case where that "
+#~ "model can fit describes the software field pretty well; Incremental "
+#~ "innovation."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cela cadre avec la notion naïve que, dans le système des brevets que
nous "
+#~ "avons, si vous développez un nouveau produit, vous obtiendrez « Le "
+#~ "Brevet » â la notion qu'il y a un brevet par produit et qu'il couvre "
+#~ "l'idée de ce produit. Dans certaines spécialités, c'est presque vrai. "
+#~ "Dans d'autres, comme le logiciel, on en est loin. C'est parce que les "
+#~ "paquets logiciels sont habituellement très gros. Ils utilisent beaucoup "
+#~ "d'idées différentes dans une nouvelle combinaison. Si le programme est "
+#~ "nouveau et pas seulement la copie d'un autre, alors il est probable qu'il "
+#~ "utilise une combinaison différente d'idées, associées, bien sûr, à du
"
+#~ "code nouvellement écrit, parce que vous ne pouvez pas lancer comme ça
des "
+#~ "idées et comme par magie les voir fonctionner. Vous avez à toutes les "
+#~ "mettre en Åuvre. Vous devrez toutes les mettre en Åuvre dans cette "
+#~ "combinaison. Il en résulte qu'au cours de l'écriture d'un programme,
vous "
+#~ "utilisez beaucoup d'idées différentes dont n'importe laquelle pourrait "
+#~ "être brevetée par quelqu'un. La combinaison de deux idées pourrait
être "
+#~ "brevetée par quelqu'un. Il pourrait y avoir plusieurs façons
différentes "
+#~ "de décrire une idée qui pourraient être brevetées par diverses
personnes. "
+#~ "Donc il y a probablement des milliers de choses â des milliers de
points "
+#~ "de vulnérabilité dans votre programme â qui pourraient être déjà "
+#~ "brevetées par quelqu'un d'autre. C'est pourquoi les brevets logiciels "
+#~ "tendent à empêcher le progrès du logiciel â le travail de
développement "
+#~ "logiciel. S'il y avait un brevet par produit, alors ces brevets "
+#~ "n'empêcheraient pas le développement de produits car, si vous
développez "
+#~ "un nouveau produit, il n'est pas déjà breveté par quelqu'un d'autre.
Mais "
+#~ "quand un produit correspond à l'association de beaucoup d'idées "
+#~ "différentes, il est très probable que votre nouveau produit soit déjà "
+#~ "breveté par quelqu'un d'autre. En fait, il y a une étude économique qui
"
+#~ "montre que d'imposer un système de brevets à une spécialité où "
+#~ "l'innovation est incrémentale peut retarder le progrès. Les partisans
des "
+#~ "brevets logiciels disent : « Oui, il peut y avoir des problèmes, mais
le "
+#~ "plus important, c'est que les brevets doivent promouvoir l'innovation, et "
+#~ "c'est si important que peu importe les problèmes qu'ils causent. » Bien
"
+#~ "sûr, ils ne disent pas ça très fort car c'est ridicule, mais "
+#~ "implicitement ils veulent vous faire croire que, tant que les brevets "
+#~ "promeuvent le progrès, cela surpasse tous les coûts. Mais en fait, il
n'y "
+#~ "a aucune raison de croire que les brevets participent au progrès. Nous "
+#~ "avons maintenant un modèle qui montre précisément comment les brevets "
+#~ "peuvent retarder le progrès. Le cas où ce modèle peut s'appliquer "
+#~ "correspond très bien au domaine du logiciel : l'innovation
incrémentale."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I wanted to put an ‘If’ statement in a ‘While’ "
+#~ "statement, I don't have to worry about whether the ‘If’ "
+#~ "statement will oscillate at a certain frequency and rub against the "
+#~ "‘While’ statement and eventually they will fracture. I don't "
+#~ "have to worry whether it will oscillate at a certain higher frequency and "
+#~ "induce a signal in the value of some other variable. I don't have to "
+#~ "worry about how much current that ‘If’ statement will draw "
+#~ "and whether it can dissipate the heat there inside that while statement. "
+#~ "Whether there will be a voltage drop across the while statement that will "
+#~ "make the ‘If’ statement not function. I don't have to worry "
+#~ "that if i run this program in a salt water environment that the salt "
+#~ "water may get in between the ‘If’ statement and the ‘"
+#~ "While’ statement and cause corrosion. I don't have to worry when I "
+#~ "refer to the value of a variable whether I am exceeding the fan-out limit "
+#~ "by referring to it 20 times. I don't have to worry, when I refer to the "
+#~ "variable, how much capacitance it has and whether there has been "
+#~ "sufficient time to charge up the value. I don't have to worry when I "
+#~ "write the program, about how I am going to physically assemble each copy "
+#~ "and whether I can manage to get access to put that ‘If’ "
+#~ "statement inside the ‘While’ statement. I don't have to "
+#~ "worry about how I am going to gain access in case that ‘If’ "
+#~ "statement breaks, to remove it and replace it with a new one. So many "
+#~ "problems that we don't have to worry about in software. That makes it "
+#~ "fundamentally easier. It is fundamentally easier to write a program than "
+#~ "to design a physical object that's going to work. This may seem strange "
+#~ "because you have probably heard people talking about how hard software is "
+#~ "to design and how this is a big problem and how we are going to solve "
+#~ "it. They are not really talking about the same question as I am. I am "
+#~ "comparing physical and software systems of the same complexity, the same "
+#~ "number of parts. I am saying the software system is much easier to "
+#~ "design than the physical system. But the intelligence of people in these "
+#~ "various fields is the same, so what do we do when we are confronted with "
+#~ "an easy field? We just push it further! We push our abilities to the "
+#~ "limit. If systems of the same size are easy, let's make systems which "
+#~ "are ten times as big, then it will be hard! That's what we do! We make "
+#~ "software systems which are far bigger in terms of number of parts than "
+#~ "physical systems. A physical system whose design has a million different "
+#~ "pieces in it is a mega project. A computer program whose design has a "
+#~ "million pieces in it, is maybe 300,000 lines, a few people will write "
+#~ "that in a couple of years. That is not a particularly giant program. "
+#~ "GNU Emacs now has several million pieces in its design I think. It has a "
+#~ "million lines of code. This is a project done with essentially no "
+#~ "funding whatsoever. Mostly done by people in their spare time."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si je veux mettre une condition <code>if</code> dans une boucle "
+#~ "<code>while</code>, je n'ai pas à me soucier de savoir si <code>if</code>
"
+#~ "oscillera à une certaine fréquence, frottera contre <code>while</code>
et "
+#~ "si finalement les deux se briseront. Je n'ai pas à me soucier de savoir "
+#~ "si elle oscillera à une certaine haute fréquence et induira un signal "
+#~ "dans la valeur d'une autre variable. Je n'ai pas besoin de savoir combien "
+#~ "de courant cette condition <code>if</code> consommera et si elle peut "
+#~ "dissiper la chaleur à l'intérieur de cette boucle <code>while</code> ;
ou "
+#~ "s'il y aura une chute de tension dans la boucle <code>while</code> qui "
+#~ "fera que la condition <code>if</code> ne fonctionnera pas. Si j'exécute "
+#~ "ce programme dans un environnement d'eau salée, je n'ai pas à avoir peur
"
+#~ "que l'eau salée s'infiltre entre <code>if</code> et <code>while</code> et
"
+#~ "provoque une corrosion. Quand j'appelle une variable 20 fois, je n'ai pas "
+#~ "à avoir peur d'excéder sa limite de sortance <cite>[fan-out]</cite>. "
+#~ "Quand j'appelle cette variable, je n'ai pas besoin de me soucier de sa "
+#~ "capacitance ni de savoir si elle a eu suffisamment de temps pour charger "
+#~ "sa valeur. Quand j'écris un programme, je n'ai pas à me soucier de
savoir "
+#~ "comment je vais assembler physiquement chaque copie et si j'ai accès à "
+#~ "l'intérieur de la boucle <code>while</code> pour y introduire cette "
+#~ "condition <code>if</code>. Je n'ai pas à me soucier de la manière de "
+#~ "démonter <code>if</code> pour la remplacer au cas où elle casserait. Il
y "
+#~ "a tant de problèmes dont nous n'avons pas à nous soucier dans le "
+#~ "logiciel ! Cela rend le développement logiciel fondamentalement plus "
+#~ "facile. Il est beaucoup plus facile d'écrire un programme que de "
+#~ "concevoir un objet physique qui fonctionne. Cela peut sembler étrange car
"
+#~ "vous avez probablement entendu des gens dire combien il était difficile "
+#~ "de concevoir un logiciel, quel gros problème c'était, et décrire la "
+#~ "manière dont ils allaient le résoudre. Ils ne parlent pas vraiment de la
"
+#~ "même chose que moi. Je compare des systèmes physiques et logiciels de "
+#~ "même complexité, de même nombre d'éléments. Je dis qu'un système
logiciel "
+#~ "est bien plus facile à concevoir qu'un système physique. Mais "
+#~ "l'intelligence des gens dans ces divers domaines est la même, alors que "
+#~ "faisons-nous quand nous sommes confrontés à un domaine facile ? Nous "
+#~ "allons encore plus loin ! Nous poussons nos capacités à leurs limites.
Si "
+#~ "des systèmes de même taille sont faciles à concevoir, faisons alors des
"
+#~ "systèmes dix fois plus gros, alors ce sera difficile ! C'est ce que nous
"
+#~ "faisons ! Nous faisons des systèmes logiciels qui sont bien plus grands,
"
+#~ "en termes de nombre d'éléments, que les systèmes physiques. Un système
"
+#~ "physique dont la conception recèle un million d'éléments différents
est "
+#~ "un mégaprojet. Un programme d'ordinateur dont la conception recèle un "
+#~ "million d'éléments, fait peut-être 300 000 lignes ; quelques
personnes "
+#~ "écriront cela en deux ans. Ce n'est pas un programme particulièrement "
+#~ "imposant. Je pense que GNU Emacs a maintenant quelques millions "
+#~ "d'éléments. Il a un million de lignes de code. C'est un projet réalisé
"
+#~ "pour l'essentiel sans financement, par des personnes travaillant surtout "
+#~ "pendant leur temps libre."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The best way to explain it by analogy is with symphonies. A symphony is "
+#~ "also long and has many notes in it, and probably uses many musical "
+#~ "ideas. Imagine if the governments of Europe in the 1700's had decided "
+#~ "they wanted to promote the progress of symphonic music by establishing a "
+#~ "European Musical Patent Office that would give patents for any kind of "
+#~ "musical ideas which you could state in words. Then imagine it is around "
+#~ "1800 and you are Beethoven and you want to write a symphony. You will "
+#~ "find that getting your symphony so that it doesn't infringe any patents "
+#~ "is going to be harder than writing a good symphony. When you complain "
+#~ "about this, the patent holders would say “Ah Beethoven, you are "
+#~ "just bitching because you have no ideas of your own. All you want to do "
+#~ "is rip off our inventions”. Beethoven, as it happens, had a lot of "
+#~ "new musical ideas but he had to use a lot of existing musical ideas in "
+#~ "order to make recognizable music. In order to make music that listeners "
+#~ "could possibly like, that they could recognize as music. Nobody is so "
+#~ "brilliant that he can re-invent music and make something that people "
+#~ "would want to listen to. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/";
+#~ "Pierre_Boulez\">Pierre Boulez</a> said he would try to do that, but who "
+#~ "listens to Pierre Boulez? Nobody is so brilliant he can re-invent all of "
+#~ "computer science, completely new. If he did, he would make something "
+#~ "that the users would find so strange that they wouldn't want to use it. "
+#~ "If you look at a word processor today, you would find, I think, hundreds "
+#~ "of different features. If you develop a nice new innovative word "
+#~ "processor, that means there are some new ideas in it, but there must be "
+#~ "hundreds of old ideas in it. If you are not allowed to use them, you "
+#~ "cannot make an innovative word processor."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La meilleure façon de l'expliquer est par analogie avec les symphonies. "
+#~ "Une symphonie est aussi une Åuvre longue ; elle contient beaucoup de "
+#~ "notes, et elle utilise probablement beaucoup d'idées musicales. Imaginez "
+#~ "si, au XVIIIe siècle, les gouvernements d'Europe avaient décidé de "
+#~ "promouvoir la musique symphonique en établissant un Office européen des "
+#~ "brevets musicaux qui aurait octroyé des brevets pour toutes sortes "
+#~ "d'idées musicales qui pourraient se décliner en mots. Imaginez-vous
alors "
+#~ "aux environs de 1800, vous êtes Beethoven et vous voulez écrire une "
+#~ "symphonie. Vous trouverez alors qu'écrire votre symphonie de sorte "
+#~ "qu'elle ne viole pas de brevet deviendra plus difficile que d'écrire une "
+#~ "bonne symphonie. Quand vous vous en plaindrez, les détenteurs de brevets "
+#~ "vous diront : « Ah Beethoven, vous rouspétez car vous n'avez pas
d'idées "
+#~ "personnelles. Tout ce que vous voulez, c'est piquer nos inventions. » "
+#~ "Beethoven avait beaucoup de nouvelles idées musicales mais il a dû "
+#~ "utiliser beaucoup d'idées existantes pour faire une musique "
+#~ "reconnaissable, pour faire de la musique que les auditeurs puissent "
+#~ "aimer, et qu'ils reconnaissent comme de la musique. Personne n'est assez "
+#~ "génial pour réinventer la musique et faire quelque chose que les gens "
+#~ "voudraient écouter. <a href=\"http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez";
+#~ "\">Pierre Boulez</a> disait qu'il essaierait de le faire, mais qui écoute
"
+#~ "du Boulez ? Personne n'est assez génial pour réinventer l'informatique "
+#~ "totalement. S'il le faisait, il ferait quelque chose que les utilisateurs "
+#~ "trouveraient si étrange qu'ils ne voudraient pas l'utiliser. Si vous "
+#~ "regardez un logiciel de traitement de texte aujourd'hui, vous trouverez, "
+#~ "je pense, des centaines de fonctionnalités différentes. Si vous "
+#~ "développez un joli traitement de texte innovant, cela signifie qu'il y a "
+#~ "de nouvelles idées dedans, mais il doit y avoir aussi des centaines "
+#~ "d'idées anciennes aussi. Si vous n'avez pas le droit de les utiliser, "
+#~ "vous ne pouvez pas faire de traitement de texte innovant."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The same things are kept secret now as what were kept secret before, but "
+#~ "the ideas which used to be published so that we could use them are now "
+#~ "likely to be patented and off-limits for 20 years. What can a country do "
+#~ "to change this? How should we change the policy to solve this problem?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les mêmes choses sont gardées secrètes maintenant qu'auparavant, mais
les "
+#~ "idées qui étaient publiées de sorte que l'on puisse les utiliser sont "
+#~ "maintenant brevetées et hors d'atteinte pendant 20 ans. Que peut faire un
"
+#~ "pays pour changer cela ? Comment peut-on changer la politique pour "
+#~ "résoudre ce problème ?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
#~ "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire speech is permitted "
#~ "provided this notice is preserved."
#~ msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/software-patents.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/software-patents.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/po/software-patents.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:36 -0000 1.11
+++ philosophy/po/software-patents.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:40 -0000 1.12
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: software-patents.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-10 04:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -83,15 +83,19 @@
"completely different. Every detail is different. It also lumps together "
"trademarks which are even more different, and various other things more or "
"less commonly encountered. None of them has anything in common with any of "
-"the others. Their origins historically are completely separate. The laws "
-"were designed independently. They covered different areas of life and "
-"activities. The public policy issues they raise are completely unrelated. "
-"So, if you try to think about them by lumping them together, you are "
-"guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. There is literally no sensible "
-"intelligent opinion you can have about “Intellectual Property”. "
-"If you want to think clearly, don't lump them together. Think about "
-"copyrights and then think about patents. Learn about copyright law and "
-"separately learn about patent law."
+"the others. Their origins historically are completely separate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The laws were designed independently. They covered different areas of life "
+"and activities. The public policy issues they raise are completely "
+"unrelated. So, if you try to think about them by lumping them together, you "
+"are guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. There is literally no "
+"sensible intelligent opinion you can have about “Intellectual "
+"Property”. If you want to think clearly, don't lump them together. "
+"Think about copyrights and then think about patents. Learn about copyright "
+"law and separately learn about patent law."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -183,10 +187,6 @@
"software patents that might result in getting sued."
msgstr ""
-#. This link is dead and there is nothing on their site related to
-#. the patent or LZW at all, AFAICS. yavor, 18 Jul 2008
-#. <a href="http://www.unisys.com/unisys/lzw/default.asp";>
-#. patent</a>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So, what is the first thing you are going to do after you have had an idea "
@@ -196,14 +196,22 @@
"that some of the patent applications that are pending are secret. After a "
"certain amount of time they may get published, like 18 months. But that is "
"plenty of time for you to write a program and even release it not knowing "
-"that there is going to be a patent and you are going to get sued. This is "
-"not just academic. In 1984, the compress program was written, a program for "
-"data compression. At the time, there was no patent on the LZW compression "
-"algorithm which it used. Then in 1985, the US issued a patent on this "
-"algorithm and over the next few years, those who distributed the compress "
-"program started getting threats. There was no way that the author of "
-"compress could have realized that he was likely to get sued. All he did was "
-"use an idea that he found in a journal just like programmers have always "
+"that there is going to be a patent and you are going to get sued."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. This link is dead and there is nothing on their site related to
+#. the patent or LZW at all, AFAICS. yavor, 18 Jul 2008
+#. <a href="http://www.unisys.com/unisys/lzw/default.asp";>
+#. patent</a>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is not just academic. In 1984, the compress program was written, a "
+"program for data compression. At the time, there was no patent on the LZW "
+"compression algorithm which it used. Then in 1985, the US issued a patent "
+"on this algorithm and over the next few years, those who distributed the "
+"compress program started getting threats. There was no way that the author "
+"of compress could have realized that he was likely to get sued. All he did "
+"was use an idea that he found in a journal just like programmers have always "
"done. He hadn't realized that you could no longer safely use ideas that you "
"found in a journal."
msgstr ""
@@ -225,22 +233,31 @@
"so-on. That one works to a certain extent. You will find some patents in "
"the area. You won't necessarily find them all however. For instance, there "
"was a software patent which may have expired by now on natural order "
-"recalculation in spread sheets. This means basically that when you make "
-"certain cells depend upon other cells, it always recalculates everything "
-"after the things it depends on, so that after one re-calculation, everything "
-"is up to date. The first spread sheets did their recalculation top-down, so "
-"if you made a cell depend on a cell lower down, and you had a few such "
-"steps, you had to recalculate several times to get the new values to "
-"propagate upwards. You were supposed to have things depend upon cells above "
-"them. Then someone realized why don't I do the recalculation so that "
-"everything gets recalculated after the things it depends upon? This "
-"algorithm is known as topological sorting. The first reference to it I "
-"could find was in 1963. The patent covered several dozen different ways you "
-"could implement topological sorting but you wouldn't have found this patent "
-"by searching for spreadsheet. You couldn't have found it by searching for "
-"natural order or topological sort. It didn't have any of those terms in "
-"it. In fact, it was described as a method of compiling formulas into object "
-"code. When I first saw it, I thought it was the wrong patent."
+"recalculation in spread sheets."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This means basically that when you make certain cells depend upon other "
+"cells, it always recalculates everything after the things it depends on, so "
+"that after one re-calculation, everything is up to date. The first spread "
+"sheets did their recalculation top-down, so if you made a cell depend on a "
+"cell lower down, and you had a few such steps, you had to recalculate "
+"several times to get the new values to propagate upwards. You were supposed "
+"to have things depend upon cells above them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Then someone realized why don't I do the recalculation so that everything "
+"gets recalculated after the things it depends upon? This algorithm is known "
+"as topological sorting. The first reference to it I could find was in "
+"1963. The patent covered several dozen different ways you could implement "
+"topological sorting but you wouldn't have found this patent by searching for "
+"spreadsheet. You couldn't have found it by searching for natural order or "
+"topological sort. It didn't have any of those terms in it. In fact, it was "
+"described as a method of compiling formulas into object code. When I first "
+"saw it, I thought it was the wrong patent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -274,17 +291,27 @@
"patents. When he first saw Hypercard, he didn't think it had anything to do "
"with his patent, with his “Inventions”. It didn't look "
"similar. When his lawyer told him that you could read the patents as "
-"covering part of Hypercard, he decided to attack Apple. When I had a speech "
-"about this at Stanford, he was in the audience, he said “That's <a "
+"covering part of Hypercard, he decided to attack Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I had a speech about this at Stanford, he was in the audience, he said "
+"“That's <a "
"href=\"http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/6805/articles/int-prop/heckel-debunking.html\";>
"
"not true</a>, I just didn't understand the extent of my protection!” I "
"said yes, that's what I said! So, in fact, you will have to spend a lot of "
"time talking with lawyers to figure out what these patents prohibit you from "
-"doing. Ultimately they are going to say something like this: “If you "
-"do something in here, you are sure to lose, If you do something here, there "
-"is a substantial chance of losing, and if you really want to be safe, stay "
-"out of this area. And, by the way, there is a sizable element of chance in "
-"the outcome of any law suit”."
+"doing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Ultimately they are going to say something like this: “If you do "
+"something in here, you are sure to lose, If you do something here, there is "
+"a substantial chance of losing, and if you really want to be safe, stay out "
+"of this area. And, by the way, there is a sizable element of chance in the "
+"outcome of any law suit”."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -330,21 +357,30 @@
"downgrade in the mail. The downgrade removed a feature which allowed you to "
"pre-define abbreviations. That when you typed an abbreviation followed by a "
"punctuation character, it would immediately replace itself with by some "
-"expansion. So that way you could define the abbreviation for some long "
-"phrase, type the abbreviation then the long phrase will be in your "
-"document. They wrote to me about this because they knew the <a "
-"href=\"/software/emacs/\">Emacs</a> editor has a similar feature. In fact, "
-"it had it since the 70's. This was interesting because it showed me that I "
-"had at least one patentable idea in my life. I knew it was patentable "
-"because somebody else patented it afterward! Actually, they had tried these "
-"various approaches. First they tried negotiating with the patent holder, "
-"who turned out not to negotiate in good faith. Then they looked at whether "
-"they could have a chance of overturning the patent. What they decided to do "
-"was take out the feature. You can live without this feature. If the word "
-"processor lacks only this feature, maybe people will still use it. But as "
-"various features start getting hit, eventually you end up with a program "
-"people think is not very good and they are likely to reject it. That is a "
-"rather narrow patent on a very specific feature."
+"expansion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So that way you could define the abbreviation for some long phrase, type the "
+"abbreviation then the long phrase will be in your document. They wrote to "
+"me about this because they knew the <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">Emacs</a> "
+"editor has a similar feature. In fact, it had it since the 70's. This was "
+"interesting because it showed me that I had at least one patentable idea in "
+"my life. I knew it was patentable because somebody else patented it "
+"afterward! Actually, they had tried these various approaches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"First they tried negotiating with the patent holder, who turned out not to "
+"negotiate in good faith. Then they looked at whether they could have a "
+"chance of overturning the patent. What they decided to do was take out the "
+"feature. You can live without this feature. If the word processor lacks "
+"only this feature, maybe people will still use it. But as various features "
+"start getting hit, eventually you end up with a program people think is not "
+"very good and they are likely to reject it. That is a rather narrow patent "
+"on a very specific feature."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -366,15 +402,19 @@
"Encryption which was patented in the US. The patent expired in 1997. Until "
"then, it largely blocked the use of Public Key Encryption in the US. A "
"number of programs that people started to develop got crushed. They were "
-"never really available because the patent holders threatened them. Then, "
-"one program got away. The program <a href=\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, "
-"which initially was released as free software. Apparently, the patent "
-"holders by the time they got around to attacking, realized they might get "
-"too much bad publicity. So they imposed restrictions making it for "
-"non-commercial use only, which meant it couldn't catch on too much. So they "
-"greatly limited the use of Public Key Encryption for a decade or more. "
-"There was no way around that patent. There was nothing else you could do "
-"like that."
+"never really available because the patent holders threatened them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Then, one program got away. The program <a "
+"href=\"http://www.pgpi.org/\";>PGP</a>, which initially was released as free "
+"software. Apparently, the patent holders by the time they got around to "
+"attacking, realized they might get too much bad publicity. So they imposed "
+"restrictions making it for non-commercial use only, which meant it couldn't "
+"catch on too much. So they greatly limited the use of Public Key Encryption "
+"for a decade or more. There was no way around that patent. There was "
+"nothing else you could do like that."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -399,23 +439,32 @@
"copy of the New York Times. It happened to have the weekly patent column in "
"it. I didn't see a copy of the Times more than once every few months. So I "
"looked at it and it said that somebody had got a patent for “Inventing "
-"a new method of compressing data”. I figured I better take a look at "
-"this patent. I got a copy and it turned out to cover the program that we "
-"were just a week away from releasing. That program died before it was "
-"born. Later on we did find another algorithm which was un-patented. That "
-"became the program <a href=\"/software/gzip/\"> gzip</a>, which is now "
-"effectively the de-facto standard for data compression. As an algorithm to "
-"use in a program for data compression, it was fine. Anyone who wanted to do "
-"data compression could use gzip instead of compress. But the same patented "
-"LZW compression algorithm was also used in image formats such as the <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\">GIF</a> format. But there because the job "
-"people wanted to do was not to simply compress data but to make an image "
-"that people could display with their software, it turned out extremely hard "
-"to switch over to a different algorithm. We have not been able to do it in "
-"10 years! Yes, people use the gzip algorithm to define <a "
-"href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/\";>another image format</a>, once "
-"people started getting threatened with law suits for using GIF files. When "
-"we started saying to people stop using GIF files, switch over to this, "
+"a new method of compressing data”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I figured I better take a look at this patent. I got a copy and it turned "
+"out to cover the program that we were just a week away from releasing. That "
+"program died before it was born. Later on we did find another algorithm "
+"which was un-patented. That became the program <a href=\"/software/gzip/\"> "
+"gzip</a>, which is now effectively the de-facto standard for data "
+"compression. As an algorithm to use in a program for data compression, it "
+"was fine. Anyone who wanted to do data compression could use gzip instead "
+"of compress. But the same patented LZW compression algorithm was also used "
+"in image formats such as the <a href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\">GIF</a> "
+"format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But there because the job people wanted to do was not to simply compress "
+"data but to make an image that people could display with their software, it "
+"turned out extremely hard to switch over to a different algorithm. We have "
+"not been able to do it in 10 years! Yes, people use the gzip algorithm to "
+"define <a href=\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/\";>another image format</a>, "
+"once people started getting threatened with law suits for using GIF files. "
+"When we started saying to people stop using GIF files, switch over to this, "
"people said “We can't switch. The browsers don't support the new "
"format yet”. The browser developers said “We're not in a hurry "
"about this. After all, nobody is using this file format”."
@@ -475,14 +524,18 @@
"political uproar last September when the <a "
"href=\"http://www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice\";>World Wide Web Consortium</a> "
"was proposing to start adopting standards that were covered by patents. The "
-"community objected so they reversed themselves. They went back to insisting "
-"that any patents had to be freely implementable by anyone and that the "
-"standards had to be free for anyone to implement. That is an interesting "
-"victory. I think that was the first time any standards body has made that "
-"decision. It is normal for standards bodies to be willing to put something "
-"in a standard which is restricted by patents and people are not allowed to "
-"go ahead and implement it freely. We need to go to other standards bodies "
-"and call on them to change their rules."
+"community objected so they reversed themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They went back to insisting that any patents had to be freely implementable "
+"by anyone and that the standards had to be free for anyone to implement. "
+"That is an interesting victory. I think that was the first time any "
+"standards body has made that decision. It is normal for standards bodies to "
+"be willing to put something in a standard which is restricted by patents and "
+"people are not allowed to go ahead and implement it freely. We need to go "
+"to other standards bodies and call on them to change their rules."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -567,12 +620,17 @@
"happens with any given patent could be nothing, could be a windfall for some "
"patent holder or a disaster for everyone else. But IBM being so big, for "
"them, it averages out. They get to measure the average harm and good of the "
-"patent system. For them, the trouble of the patent system would have been "
-"10 times the good. I say would have been because IBM through "
-"cross-licensing avoids experiencing that trouble. That trouble is only "
-"potential. It doesn't really happen to them. But when they measure the "
-"benefits of avoiding that trouble, they estimate it as 10 times the value of "
-"the money they collect from their patents."
+"patent system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For them, the trouble of the patent system would have been 10 times the "
+"good. I say would have been because IBM through cross-licensing avoids "
+"experiencing that trouble. That trouble is only potential. It doesn't "
+"really happen to them. But when they measure the benefits of avoiding that "
+"trouble, they estimate it as 10 times the value of the money they collect "
+"from their patents."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -585,26 +643,36 @@
"the attic designing a new wonderful kind of whatever and now wants to "
"manufacture it and isn't it a shame the big companies are going to go into "
"competition with him, take away all the business and he'll "
-"“starve”. I will have to point out that people in high tech "
-"fields are not generally working on their own and that ideas don't come in a "
-"vacuum, they are based on ideas of others and these people have pretty good "
-"chances of getting a job if they need to these days. So this scenario, the "
-"idea that a brilliant idea came from this brilliant person working alone is "
-"unrealistic and the idea that he is in danger of starving is unrealistic. "
-"But it is conceivable that somebody could have an idea and this idea along "
-"with 100 or 200 other ideas can be the basis of making some kind of product "
-"and that big companies might want to compete with him. So let's see what "
-"happens if he tries to use a patent to stop them. He says “Oh No, "
-"IBM. You cannot compete with me. I've got this patent. IBM says let's "
-"see. Let's look at your product. Hmmm. I've got this patent and this one "
-"and this one and this one and this one and this one, which parts of your "
-"product infringe. If you think you can fight against all of them in court, "
-"I will just go back and find some more. So, why don't you cross license "
-"with me?” And then this brilliant small inventor says “Well, OK, "
-"I'll cross license”. So he can go back and make these wonderful "
-"whatever it is, but so can IBM. IBM gets access to his patent and gets the "
-"right to compete with him, which means that this patent didn't "
-"“protect” him at all. The patent system doesn't really do that."
+"“starve”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I will have to point out that people in high tech fields are not generally "
+"working on their own and that ideas don't come in a vacuum, they are based "
+"on ideas of others and these people have pretty good chances of getting a "
+"job if they need to these days. So this scenario, the idea that a brilliant "
+"idea came from this brilliant person working alone is unrealistic and the "
+"idea that he is in danger of starving is unrealistic. But it is conceivable "
+"that somebody could have an idea and this idea along with 100 or 200 other "
+"ideas can be the basis of making some kind of product and that big companies "
+"might want to compete with him."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So let's see what happens if he tries to use a patent to stop them. He says "
+"“Oh No, IBM. You cannot compete with me. I've got this patent. IBM "
+"says let's see. Let's look at your product. Hmmm. I've got this patent "
+"and this one and this one and this one and this one and this one, which "
+"parts of your product infringe. If you think you can fight against all of "
+"them in court, I will just go back and find some more. So, why don't you "
+"cross license with me?” And then this brilliant small inventor says "
+"“Well, OK, I'll cross license”. So he can go back and make "
+"these wonderful whatever it is, but so can IBM. IBM gets access to his "
+"patent and gets the right to compete with him, which means that this patent "
+"didn't “protect” him at all. The patent system doesn't really "
+"do that."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -617,12 +685,17 @@
"enough patents to do this. Any given patent is pointing in a certain "
"direction. So if a small company has patents pointing there, there and "
"there and somebody over there points a patent at them and says give me your "
-"money, they are helpless. IBM can do it because with these 9000 patents, "
-"they are pointing everywhere, no matter where you are, there is probably an "
-"IBM patent pointing at you. So IBM can almost always make you cross "
-"license. Small companies can only occasionally make someone cross-license. "
-"They will say they want patents for defensive purposes but they won't get "
-"enough to be able to defend themselves."
+"money, they are helpless."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"IBM can do it because with these 9000 patents, they are pointing everywhere, "
+"no matter where you are, there is probably an IBM patent pointing at you. "
+"So IBM can almost always make you cross license. Small companies can only "
+"occasionally make someone cross-license. They will say they want patents "
+"for defensive purposes but they won't get enough to be able to defend "
+"themselves."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -731,21 +804,31 @@
"historical accidents. Lots of historical accidents such as precisely what "
"was published when and which of those things somebody manages to find. "
"Which of them didn't get lost, precise dates and so-on. Many historical "
-"accidents determine whether a patent is valid. In fact, it is a weird thing "
-"that the <a href=\"http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04873662__\";>British "
-"Telecom following hyper links together with telephone access patent</a>, I "
-"think, was applied for in 1975. I think it was in 1974 that I developed the "
-"info package for the first time. The info package allows you to traverse "
-"hyper links and people did use telephones to dial up and access the system. "
-"So in fact, I produced a piece of prior art for that patent. So that is the "
+"accidents determine whether a patent is valid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In fact, it is a weird thing that the <a "
+"href=\"http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US04873662__\";>British Telecom "
+"following hyper links together with telephone access patent</a>, I think, "
+"was applied for in 1975. I think it was in 1974 that I developed the info "
+"package for the first time. The info package allows you to traverse hyper "
+"links and people did use telephones to dial up and access the system. So in "
+"fact, I produced a piece of prior art for that patent. So that is the "
"second patentable idea I have had in my life, but I don't think I have any "
"proof of that. I didn't think this was interesting enough to publish it. "
"After all, the idea of following hyper links I got from the demo of "
"Engelbart's editor. He is the one who had an idea which was interesting to "
-"publish. What I done I called poor mans hypertext as I had to implement it "
-"in the context of TECO. It was not as powerful as his hypertext but it was "
-"at least useful for browsing documentation, which it all it was meant for, "
-"and as for there being dial-up access to the system, well, there was, but it "
+"publish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What I done I called poor mans hypertext as I had to implement it in the "
+"context of TECO. It was not as powerful as his hypertext but it was at "
+"least useful for browsing documentation, which it all it was meant for, and "
+"as for there being dial-up access to the system, well, there was, but it "
"didn't occur to me that the one had anything particular to do with the "
"other. I wasn't going to publish a paper saying “Oh! I implemented "
"this poor man's hypertext, and guess what! There are dial-up lines on the "
@@ -831,32 +914,44 @@
"new combination. If the program is new and not just copied, then it is "
"probably using a different combination of ideas combined, of course, with "
"newly written code, because you can't just magically say the names of these "
-"ideas and have them work. You have to implement them all. You have to "
-"implement them all in that combination. The result is that even when you "
-"write a program, you are using lots of different ideas, any one of them "
-"might be patented by somebody. A pair of them may be patented as a "
+"ideas and have them work. You have to implement them all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You have to implement them all in that combination. The result is that even "
+"when you write a program, you are using lots of different ideas, any one of "
+"them might be patented by somebody. A pair of them may be patented as a "
"combination by somebody. There might be several different ways of "
"describing one idea which might be patented by various different people. So "
"there are possibly thousands of things, thousands of points of vulnerability "
"in your program, which might be patented by somebody else already. This is "
"why software patents tend to obstruct the progress of software—the "
-"work of software development. If it were one patent-one product, then these "
-"patents wouldn't obstruct the development of products because if you "
-"developed a new product, it wouldn't be patented by somebody else already. "
-"But when one product corresponds to many different ideas combined, it "
-"becomes very likely your new product is going to be patented by somebody "
-"else already. In fact, there is economic research now showing just how "
-"imposing a patent system on a field where there is incremental innovation, "
-"can retard progress. You see, the advocates of software patents say "
-"“well yes, there may be problems but more important than any problems, "
-"the patents must promote innovation and that is so important it doesn't "
-"matter what problems you cause”. Of course, they don't say that out "
-"loud because it is ridiculous but implicitly they want you to believe that "
-"as long as it promotes progress, that outweighs any possible cost. But "
-"actually, there is no reason to believe it does promote progress. We now "
-"have a model showing precisely how patents can retard progress. The case "
-"where that model can fit describes the software field pretty well; "
-"Incremental innovation."
+"work of software development."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If it were one patent-one product, then these patents wouldn't obstruct the "
+"development of products because if you developed a new product, it wouldn't "
+"be patented by somebody else already. But when one product corresponds to "
+"many different ideas combined, it becomes very likely your new product is "
+"going to be patented by somebody else already. In fact, there is economic "
+"research now showing just how imposing a patent system on a field where "
+"there is incremental innovation, can retard progress."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You see, the advocates of software patents say “well yes, there may be "
+"problems but more important than any problems, the patents must promote "
+"innovation and that is so important it doesn't matter what problems you "
+"cause”. Of course, they don't say that out loud because it is "
+"ridiculous but implicitly they want you to believe that as long as it "
+"promotes progress, that outweighs any possible cost. But actually, there is "
+"no reason to believe it does promote progress. We now have a model showing "
+"precisely how patents can retard progress. The case where that model can "
+"fit describes the software field pretty well; Incremental innovation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -882,32 +977,45 @@
"about how much current that ‘If’ statement will draw and whether "
"it can dissipate the heat there inside that while statement. Whether there "
"will be a voltage drop across the while statement that will make the "
-"‘If’ statement not function. I don't have to worry that if i "
-"run this program in a salt water environment that the salt water may get in "
-"between the ‘If’ statement and the ‘While’ statement "
-"and cause corrosion. I don't have to worry when I refer to the value of a "
-"variable whether I am exceeding the fan-out limit by referring to it 20 "
-"times. I don't have to worry, when I refer to the variable, how much "
-"capacitance it has and whether there has been sufficient time to charge up "
-"the value. I don't have to worry when I write the program, about how I am "
-"going to physically assemble each copy and whether I can manage to get "
-"access to put that ‘If’ statement inside the ‘While’ "
-"statement. I don't have to worry about how I am going to gain access in "
-"case that ‘If’ statement breaks, to remove it and replace it "
-"with a new one. So many problems that we don't have to worry about in "
-"software. That makes it fundamentally easier. It is fundamentally easier "
-"to write a program than to design a physical object that's going to work. "
-"This may seem strange because you have probably heard people talking about "
-"how hard software is to design and how this is a big problem and how we are "
-"going to solve it. They are not really talking about the same question as I "
-"am. I am comparing physical and software systems of the same complexity, "
-"the same number of parts. I am saying the software system is much easier to "
-"design than the physical system. But the intelligence of people in these "
-"various fields is the same, so what do we do when we are confronted with an "
-"easy field? We just push it further! We push our abilities to the limit. If "
-"systems of the same size are easy, let's make systems which are ten times as "
-"big, then it will be hard! That's what we do! We make software systems which "
-"are far bigger in terms of number of parts than physical systems. A "
+"‘If’ statement not function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I don't have to worry that if i run this program in a salt water environment "
+"that the salt water may get in between the ‘If’ statement and "
+"the ‘While’ statement and cause corrosion. I don't have to "
+"worry when I refer to the value of a variable whether I am exceeding the "
+"fan-out limit by referring to it 20 times. I don't have to worry, when I "
+"refer to the variable, how much capacitance it has and whether there has "
+"been sufficient time to charge up the value. I don't have to worry when I "
+"write the program, about how I am going to physically assemble each copy and "
+"whether I can manage to get access to put that ‘If’ statement "
+"inside the ‘While’ statement. I don't have to worry about how I "
+"am going to gain access in case that ‘If’ statement breaks, to "
+"remove it and replace it with a new one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So many problems that we don't have to worry about in software. That makes "
+"it fundamentally easier. It is fundamentally easier to write a program than "
+"to design a physical object that's going to work. This may seem strange "
+"because you have probably heard people talking about how hard software is to "
+"design and how this is a big problem and how we are going to solve it. They "
+"are not really talking about the same question as I am. I am comparing "
+"physical and software systems of the same complexity, the same number of "
+"parts. I am saying the software system is much easier to design than the "
+"physical system. But the intelligence of people in these various fields is "
+"the same, so what do we do when we are confronted with an easy field? We "
+"just push it further! We push our abilities to the limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If systems of the same size are easy, let's make systems which are ten times "
+"as big, then it will be hard! That's what we do! We make software systems "
+"which are far bigger in terms of number of parts than physical systems. A "
"physical system whose design has a million different pieces in it is a mega "
"project. A computer program whose design has a million pieces in it, is "
"maybe 300,000 lines, a few people will write that in a couple of years. "
@@ -927,18 +1035,22 @@
"CD and send it off to a CD plant. They will use the same equipment which "
"will copy any contents on a CD. You don't have to build a factory to make "
"this product. There is tremendous simplification and tremendous reduction "
-"in costs of designing things. The result is, say for an automobile company, "
-"who will spend 50 million dollars to build a factory, to build a new model "
-"of auto, they can hire some lawyers to cope with patent license "
-"negotiations. They can even cope with a law suit if they wanted to. To "
-"design a program of the same complexity may cost 50 thousand or 100 thousand "
-"dollars. By comparison, the cost of dealing with the patent system is "
-"crushing. Or actually designing a program with the same complexity as the "
-"mechanical design of an auto is probably a month's work. How many parts "
-"does an auto have… that is if it is an auto which doesn't have "
-"computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There are not that many parts. That "
-"is not to say designing a good one is easy but just that there are not that "
-"many different things in it."
+"in costs of designing things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The result is, say for an automobile company, who will spend 50 million "
+"dollars to build a factory, to build a new model of auto, they can hire some "
+"lawyers to cope with patent license negotiations. They can even cope with a "
+"law suit if they wanted to. To design a program of the same complexity may "
+"cost 50 thousand or 100 thousand dollars. By comparison, the cost of "
+"dealing with the patent system is crushing. Or actually designing a program "
+"with the same complexity as the mechanical design of an auto is probably a "
+"month's work. How many parts does an auto have… that is if it is an "
+"auto which doesn't have computers in it.[<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>] There are "
+"not that many parts. That is not to say designing a good one is easy but "
+"just that there are not that many different things in it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -961,23 +1073,32 @@
"which you could state in words. Then imagine it is around 1800 and you are "
"Beethoven and you want to write a symphony. You will find that getting your "
"symphony so that it doesn't infringe any patents is going to be harder than "
-"writing a good symphony. When you complain about this, the patent holders "
-"would say “Ah Beethoven, you are just bitching because you have no "
-"ideas of your own. All you want to do is rip off our inventions”. "
-"Beethoven, as it happens, had a lot of new musical ideas but he had to use a "
-"lot of existing musical ideas in order to make recognizable music. In order "
-"to make music that listeners could possibly like, that they could recognize "
-"as music. Nobody is so brilliant that he can re-invent music and make "
-"something that people would want to listen to. <a "
+"writing a good symphony."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When you complain about this, the patent holders would say “Ah "
+"Beethoven, you are just bitching because you have no ideas of your own. All "
+"you want to do is rip off our inventions”. Beethoven, as it happens, "
+"had a lot of new musical ideas but he had to use a lot of existing musical "
+"ideas in order to make recognizable music. In order to make music that "
+"listeners could possibly like, that they could recognize as music. Nobody "
+"is so brilliant that he can re-invent music and make something that people "
+"would want to listen to. <a "
"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez\";>Pierre Boulez</a> said "
-"he would try to do that, but who listens to Pierre Boulez? Nobody is so "
-"brilliant he can re-invent all of computer science, completely new. If he "
-"did, he would make something that the users would find so strange that they "
-"wouldn't want to use it. If you look at a word processor today, you would "
-"find, I think, hundreds of different features. If you develop a nice new "
-"innovative word processor, that means there are some new ideas in it, but "
-"there must be hundreds of old ideas in it. If you are not allowed to use "
-"them, you cannot make an innovative word processor."
+"he would try to do that, but who listens to Pierre Boulez?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nobody is so brilliant he can re-invent all of computer science, completely "
+"new. If he did, he would make something that the users would find so "
+"strange that they wouldn't want to use it. If you look at a word processor "
+"today, you would find, I think, hundreds of different features. If you "
+"develop a nice new innovative word processor, that means there are some new "
+"ideas in it, but there must be hundreds of old ideas in it. If you are not "
+"allowed to use them, you cannot make an innovative word processor."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -989,32 +1110,31 @@
"and some you will see a way to use. What used to happen, because I was in "
"the software field before there were software patents, was most of the "
"developers would publish any new ideas that they thought were noteworthy, "
-"that they thought that they might get any credit or respect for. The ideas "
-"that were too small or not impressive enough, they would not publish because "
-"that would be silly. Now the patent system is supposed to encourage "
-"disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days, nobody kept the ideas "
-"secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The code, after all, "
-"represented the bulk of the work. They would keep the code secret and "
-"publish the ideas so that way the employees would get some credit and feel "
-"good. After software patents, they still kept the code secret and they "
-"patented the ideas, so in fact, disclosure has not been encouraged in any "
-"meaningful sense."
+"that they thought that they might get any credit or respect for."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"The same things are kept secret now as what were kept secret before, but the "
-"ideas which used to be published so that we could use them are now likely to "
-"be patented and off-limits for 20 years. What can a country do to change "
-"this? How should we change the policy to solve this problem?"
+"The ideas that were too small or not impressive enough, they would not "
+"publish because that would be silly. Now the patent system is supposed to "
+"encourage disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days, nobody kept the "
+"ideas secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The code, after all, "
+"represented the bulk of the work. They would keep the code secret and "
+"publish the ideas so that way the employees would get some credit and feel "
+"good. After software patents, they still kept the code secret and they "
+"patented the ideas, so in fact, disclosure has not been encouraged in any "
+"meaningful sense. The same things are kept secret now as what were kept "
+"secret before, but the ideas which used to be published so that we could use "
+"them are now likely to be patented and off-limits for 20 years."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"There are two places you can attack it. One is the place where patents are "
-"being applied for and issued, in the patent office. The other is when "
-"patents are being applied—that is, the question of what does a patent "
-"cover."
+"What can a country do to change this? How should we change the policy to "
+"solve this problem? There are two places you can attack it. One is the "
+"place where patents are being applied for and issued, in the patent office. "
+"The other is when patents are being applied—that is, the question of "
+"what does a patent cover."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1040,11 +1160,16 @@
"these patents are not officially labeled as software patents. I say "
"software patents but what do I really mean? Patents which might potentially "
"apply to software. Patents which might potentially get you sued for writing "
-"software. The patent office doesn't divide patents into software patents "
-"and other patents. So, in fact, any patent might conceivably get you sued "
-"for writing software if it could apply to some software. So in the US the "
-"solution would have to be done through changing the applicability, the scope "
-"of patents saying that a pure software implementation running on general "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The patent office doesn't divide patents into software patents and other "
+"patents. So, in fact, any patent might conceivably get you sued for writing "
+"software if it could apply to some software. So in the US the solution "
+"would have to be done through changing the applicability, the scope of "
+"patents saying that a pure software implementation running on general "
"purpose computer hardware which does not in itself infringe the patent, is "
"not covered by any patent and you cannot get sued for it. That is the other "
"kind of solution."
@@ -1063,15 +1188,19 @@
"notice. There was a supreme court decision in 1981 which considered a "
"patent on a process for curing rubber. The ruling was that the fact that "
"the apparatus included a computer and a program as part of the process to "
-"cure the rubber did not make it un-patentable. The appeals court the next "
-"year which considers all patent cases, reversed the qualifiers. They said "
-"the fact that there is a computer and a program in this makes it "
-"patentable. The fact that there is a computer and program in anything makes "
-"it patentable. This is why the US started having business procedure "
-"patents. This is because the business procedures were carried out on a "
-"computer and that made them patentable. So this ruling was made and I think "
-"the natural order recalculation patent was one of the first or might have "
-"been even the first. Throughout the 80's we didn't know about this."
+"cure the rubber did not make it un-patentable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The appeals court the next year which considers all patent cases, reversed "
+"the qualifiers. They said the fact that there is a computer and a program "
+"in this makes it patentable. The fact that there is a computer and program "
+"in anything makes it patentable. This is why the US started having business "
+"procedure patents. This is because the business procedures were carried out "
+"on a computer and that made them patentable. So this ruling was made and I "
+"think the natural order recalculation patent was one of the first or might "
+"have been even the first. Throughout the 80's we didn't know about this."
msgstr ""
#. <a href="http://www.european-patent-office.org/legal/epc/";>
Index: philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr.po 17 Aug 2012 20:09:26 -0000
1.16
+++ philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr.po 2 Oct 2012 00:29:40 -0000
1.17
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: stallman-mec-india.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-23 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-06-23 20:08+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -553,6 +554,40 @@
"diverses sociétés."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Well, since we in the GNU project needed a data compression program and
+# | since we could not use Compress, we began looking for some other
+# | compression program. We found out about… Somebody came forward and
+# | said: “I have been working on this algorithm for a year and now I
+# | have decided I am going to contribute it to you, and here is the
+# | code.” We were a week away from releasing this program when I just
+# | happened to see a copy of the New York Times, which doesn't happen very
+# | often, and it just happened to have the weekly patents column and I noted
+# | it and so I read it. It said that somebody had got a patent for inventing
+# | a new method, a better method of data compression. Well, that was not in
+# | fact true. [-When I saw this, I thought we'd better get a copy of this
+# | patent and see if it's a problem, and it turned out to cover exactly the
+# | algorithm that we were about to release. So this program was killed one
+# | week before it was released. And in fact that person, that patent holder,
+# | had not invented a better method, because in fact it wasn't new. But that
+# | doesn't matter, he had a monopoly.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Well, since we in the GNU project needed a data compression program and "
+#| "since we could not use Compress, we began looking for some other "
+#| "compression program. We found out about… Somebody came forward "
+#| "and said: “I have been working on this algorithm for a year and now "
+#| "I have decided I am going to contribute it to you, and here is the code."
+#| "” We were a week away from releasing this program when I just "
+#| "happened to see a copy of the New York Times, which doesn't happen very "
+#| "often, and it just happened to have the weekly patents column and I noted "
+#| "it and so I read it. It said that somebody had got a patent for "
+#| "inventing a new method, a better method of data compression. Well, that "
+#| "was not in fact true. When I saw this, I thought we'd better get a copy "
+#| "of this patent and see if it's a problem, and it turned out to cover "
+#| "exactly the algorithm that we were about to release. So this program was "
+#| "killed one week before it was released. And in fact that person, that "
+#| "patent holder, had not invented a better method, because in fact it "
+#| "wasn't new. But that doesn't matter, he had a monopoly."
msgid ""
"Well, since we in the GNU project needed a data compression program and "
"since we could not use Compress, we began looking for some other compression "
@@ -563,12 +598,7 @@
"New York Times, which doesn't happen very often, and it just happened to "
"have the weekly patents column and I noted it and so I read it. It said "
"that somebody had got a patent for inventing a new method, a better method "
-"of data compression. Well, that was not in fact true. When I saw this, I "
-"thought we'd better get a copy of this patent and see if it's a problem, and "
-"it turned out to cover exactly the algorithm that we were about to release. "
-"So this program was killed one week before it was released. And in fact "
-"that person, that patent holder, had not invented a better method, because "
-"in fact it wasn't new. But that doesn't matter, he had a monopoly."
+"of data compression. Well, that was not in fact true."
msgstr ""
"Comme nous, au projet GNU, avions besoin d'un programme de compression de "
"données et que nous ne pouvions plus utiliser <cite>compress</cite>, nous "
@@ -591,6 +621,51 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
+"When I saw this, I thought we'd better get a copy of this patent and see if "
+"it's a problem, and it turned out to cover exactly the algorithm that we "
+"were about to release. So this program was killed one week before it was "
+"released. And in fact that person, that patent holder, had not invented a "
+"better method, because in fact it wasn't new. But that doesn't matter, he "
+"had a monopoly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Eventually we found another compression algorithm which is used in the
+# | program that's known as GISA. But this illustrates the danger that you
+# | face: even if you had unlimited resources, you couldn't find out about all
+# | the patents that might endanger your project. But you can find out about
+# | the issued patents because they are published by the patent office. So in
+# | principle, you could read them all, and see what they restrict, what they
+# | prohibit you from doing. Practically speaking though, once there are
+# | software patents there are so many of them that you can't keep up with
+# | them. [-In the US there are over a hundred thousand of them; maybe two
+# | hundred thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I know that 10 years
+# | ago they were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that it has accelerated
+# | since then. So it's too much for you to keep track of them unless that's
+# | your full-time job. Now you can try to search for the ones that are
+# | relevant to what you are doing, and this works some of the time. If you
+# | search for certain keywords or follow links, you'll find some patents that
+# | are relevant to what you're doing. You won't find them <em>all</em>.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Eventually we found another compression algorithm which is used in the "
+#| "program that's known as GISA. But this illustrates the danger that you "
+#| "face: even if you had unlimited resources, you couldn't find out about "
+#| "all the patents that might endanger your project. But you can find out "
+#| "about the issued patents because they are published by the patent "
+#| "office. So in principle, you could read them all, and see what they "
+#| "restrict, what they prohibit you from doing. Practically speaking "
+#| "though, once there are software patents there are so many of them that "
+#| "you can't keep up with them. In the US there are over a hundred thousand "
+#| "of them; maybe two hundred thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I "
+#| "know that 10 years ago they were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that "
+#| "it has accelerated since then. So it's too much for you to keep track of "
+#| "them unless that's your full-time job. Now you can try to search for the "
+#| "ones that are relevant to what you are doing, and this works some of the "
+#| "time. If you search for certain keywords or follow links, you'll find "
+#| "some patents that are relevant to what you're doing. You won't find them "
+#| "<em>all</em>."
+msgid ""
"Eventually we found another compression algorithm which is used in the "
"program that's known as GISA. But this illustrates the danger that you "
"face: even if you had unlimited resources, you couldn't find out about all "
@@ -598,15 +673,72 @@
"the issued patents because they are published by the patent office. So in "
"principle, you could read them all, and see what they restrict, what they "
"prohibit you from doing. Practically speaking though, once there are "
-"software patents there are so many of them that you can't keep up with "
-"them. In the US there are over a hundred thousand of them; maybe two "
-"hundred thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I know that 10 years "
-"ago they were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that it has accelerated "
-"since then. So it's too much for you to keep track of them unless that's "
-"your full-time job. Now you can try to search for the ones that are "
-"relevant to what you are doing, and this works some of the time. If you "
-"search for certain keywords or follow links, you'll find some patents that "
-"are relevant to what you're doing. You won't find them <em>all</em>."
+"software patents there are so many of them that you can't keep up with them."
+msgstr ""
+"Finalement nous avons trouvé un autre algorithme de compression qui est "
+"utilisé dans le programme connu sous le nom de GISA. Mais ceci illustre le "
+"danger auquel vous êtes confrontés : même si vous aviez des moyens "
+"illimitées, vous ne pourriez pas découvrir tous les brevets susceptibles de
"
+"mettre en danger votre projet. Mais vous pouvez vous renseigner sur les "
+"brevets existants parce qu'ils sont publiés par l'office des brevets. Donc "
+"en principe vous pourriez tous les lire, et voir ce qu'ils restreignent, ce "
+"qu'ils vous empêchent de faire. En pratique, cependant, à partir du moment "
+"où il existe des brevets logiciels, il y en a tant que vous ne pouvez pas "
+"soutenir le rythme. Aux Ãtats-Unis il y en a plus de cent mille, peut-être "
+"deux cent mille à l'heure actuelle. C'est juste une estimation. Je sais "
+"qu'il y a dix ans ils en accordaient dix mille par an, et je crois que le "
+"rythme s'est accéléré depuis. C'est trop pour que vous puissiez vous tenir
"
+"au courant, à moins que ce ne soit votre travail à plein temps. Cela dit, "
+"vous pouvez rechercher ceux qui ont rapport avec ce que vous faites ; cela "
+"marche parfois. Si vous faites des recherches sur certains mots-clés ou "
+"suivez des liens, vous trouverez des brevets qui se rapportent à ce que vous
"
+"faites. Vous ne les trouverez pas <em>tous</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Eventually we found another compression algorithm which is used in the
+# | program that's known as GISA. But this illustrates the danger that you
+# | face: even if you had unlimited resources, you couldn't find out about all
+# | the patents that might endanger your project. But you can find out about
+# | the issued patents because they are published by the patent office. So in
+# | principle, you could read them all, and see what they restrict, what they
+# | prohibit you from doing. Practically speaking though, once there are
+# | software patents there are so many of them that you can't keep up with
+# | them.-]In the US there are over a hundred thousand of them; maybe two
+# | hundred thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I know that 10 years
+# | ago they were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that it has accelerated
+# | since then. So it's too much for you to keep track of them unless that's
+# | your full-time job. Now you can try to search for the ones that are
+# | relevant to what you are doing, and this works some of the time. If you
+# | search for certain keywords or follow links, you'll find some patents that
+# | are relevant to what you're doing. You won't find them <em>all</em>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Eventually we found another compression algorithm which is used in the "
+#| "program that's known as GISA. But this illustrates the danger that you "
+#| "face: even if you had unlimited resources, you couldn't find out about "
+#| "all the patents that might endanger your project. But you can find out "
+#| "about the issued patents because they are published by the patent "
+#| "office. So in principle, you could read them all, and see what they "
+#| "restrict, what they prohibit you from doing. Practically speaking "
+#| "though, once there are software patents there are so many of them that "
+#| "you can't keep up with them. In the US there are over a hundred thousand "
+#| "of them; maybe two hundred thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I "
+#| "know that 10 years ago they were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that "
+#| "it has accelerated since then. So it's too much for you to keep track of "
+#| "them unless that's your full-time job. Now you can try to search for the "
+#| "ones that are relevant to what you are doing, and this works some of the "
+#| "time. If you search for certain keywords or follow links, you'll find "
+#| "some patents that are relevant to what you're doing. You won't find them "
+#| "<em>all</em>."
+msgid ""
+"In the US there are over a hundred thousand of them; maybe two hundred "
+"thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I know that 10 years ago they "
+"were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that it has accelerated since "
+"then. So it's too much for you to keep track of them unless that's your "
+"full-time job. Now you can try to search for the ones that are relevant to "
+"what you are doing, and this works some of the time. If you search for "
+"certain keywords or follow links, you'll find some patents that are relevant "
+"to what you're doing. You won't find them <em>all</em>."
msgstr ""
"Finalement nous avons trouvé un autre algorithme de compression qui est "
"utilisé dans le programme connu sous le nom de GISA. Mais ceci illustre le "
@@ -888,6 +1020,38 @@
"je suppose, veut dire <cite>PNG is Not GIF</cite> (PNG N'est pas GIF)."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | But there was a problem: lots of people had already started using GIF
+# | format, and there were many programs that could display GIF format and
+# | produce GIF format and they couldn't display PNG format. So the result
+# | was people felt it was too hard to switch. You see, when you are dealing
+# | with a data compression program used by somebody who says “I want to
+# | compress some data,” well, you can give him a different data
+# | compression program; if he can get sued for using this one and you give
+# | him another one, he'll switch; but if what he wants to do is make images
+# | that can be displayed by Netscape, then he can't switch, unless Netscape
+# | handles the other format… and it didn't. [-It took years, I think,
+# | before Netscape started to handle PNG format. So people essentially said
+# | “I can't switch, I just have… ” And so the result was,
+# | society had invested so much in this one format, that the inertia was too
+# | great for a switch, even though there was another superior format
+# | available.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But there was a problem: lots of people had already started using GIF "
+#| "format, and there were many programs that could display GIF format and "
+#| "produce GIF format and they couldn't display PNG format. So the result "
+#| "was people felt it was too hard to switch. You see, when you are dealing "
+#| "with a data compression program used by somebody who says “I want "
+#| "to compress some data,” well, you can give him a different data "
+#| "compression program; if he can get sued for using this one and you give "
+#| "him another one, he'll switch; but if what he wants to do is make images "
+#| "that can be displayed by Netscape, then he can't switch, unless Netscape "
+#| "handles the other format… and it didn't. It took years, I think, "
+#| "before Netscape started to handle PNG format. So people essentially said "
+#| "“I can't switch, I just have… ” And so the result was, "
+#| "society had invested so much in this one format, that the inertia was too "
+#| "great for a switch, even though there was another superior format "
+#| "available."
msgid ""
"But there was a problem: lots of people had already started using GIF "
"format, and there were many programs that could display GIF format and "
@@ -898,11 +1062,7 @@
"program; if he can get sued for using this one and you give him another one, "
"he'll switch; but if what he wants to do is make images that can be "
"displayed by Netscape, then he can't switch, unless Netscape handles the "
-"other format… and it didn't. It took years, I think, before Netscape "
-"started to handle PNG format. So people essentially said “I can't "
-"switch, I just have… ” And so the result was, society had "
-"invested so much in this one format, that the inertia was too great for a "
-"switch, even though there was another superior format available."
+"other format… and it didn't."
msgstr ""
"Mais il y avait un problème : beaucoup de gens avaient déjà commencé Ã
se "
"servir du format GIF et beaucoup de programmes pouvaient afficher le format "
@@ -922,6 +1082,15 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
+"It took years, I think, before Netscape started to handle PNG format. So "
+"people essentially said “I can't switch, I just have… ” "
+"And so the result was, society had invested so much in this one format, that "
+"the inertia was too great for a switch, even though there was another "
+"superior format available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
"Even when a patent is rather narrow, avoiding it can be very hard. The "
"PostScript specification includes LZW compression, which we in our "
"implementation of postScript cannot implement. We support another kind of "
@@ -1756,19 +1925,65 @@
"generates radio frequency interference and induces wrong values in some "
"other parts of the data. We don't have to worry about whether it will loop "
"at a speed that causes a resonance and eventually the if statement will "
-"vibrate against the while statement and one of them will crack. We don't "
-"have to worry that chemicals in the environment will get into the boundary "
-"between the if statement and the while statement and corrode them, and cause "
-"a bad connection. We don't have to worry that other chemicals will get on "
-"them and cause a short-circuit. We don't have to worry about whether the "
-"heat can be dissipated from this if statement through the surrounding while "
-"statement. We don't have to worry about whether the while statement would "
-"cause so much voltage drop that the if statement won't function correctly. "
-"When you look at the value of a variable you don't have to worry about "
-"whether you've referenced that variable so many times that you exceed the "
-"fan-out limit. You don't have to worry about how much capacitance there is "
-"in a certain variable and how much time it will take to store the value in "
-"it."
+"vibrate against the while statement and one of them will crack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-And so there are many problems we don't have. For instance, if we put
+# | an if statement inside of a while statement, we don't have to worry about
+# | whether the if statement can get enough power to run at the speed it's
+# | going to run. We don't have to worry about whether it will run at a speed
+# | that generates radio frequency interference and induces wrong values in
+# | some other parts of the data. We don't have to worry about whether it
+# | will loop at a speed that causes a resonance and eventually the if
+# | statement will vibrate against the while statement and one of them will
+# | crack.-]We don't have to worry that chemicals in the environment will get
+# | into the boundary between the if statement and the while statement and
+# | corrode them, and cause a bad connection. We don't have to worry that
+# | other chemicals will get on them and cause a short-circuit. We don't have
+# | to worry about whether the heat can be dissipated from this if statement
+# | through the surrounding while statement. We don't have to worry about
+# | whether the while statement would cause so much voltage drop that the if
+# | statement won't function correctly. When you look at the value of a
+# | variable you don't have to worry about whether you've referenced that
+# | variable so many times that you exceed the fan-out limit. You don't have
+# | to worry about how much capacitance there is in a certain variable and how
+# | much time it will take to store the value in it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And so there are many problems we don't have. For instance, if we put an "
+#| "if statement inside of a while statement, we don't have to worry about "
+#| "whether the if statement can get enough power to run at the speed it's "
+#| "going to run. We don't have to worry about whether it will run at a "
+#| "speed that generates radio frequency interference and induces wrong "
+#| "values in some other parts of the data. We don't have to worry about "
+#| "whether it will loop at a speed that causes a resonance and eventually "
+#| "the if statement will vibrate against the while statement and one of them "
+#| "will crack. We don't have to worry that chemicals in the environment "
+#| "will get into the boundary between the if statement and the while "
+#| "statement and corrode them, and cause a bad connection. We don't have to "
+#| "worry that other chemicals will get on them and cause a short-circuit. "
+#| "We don't have to worry about whether the heat can be dissipated from this "
+#| "if statement through the surrounding while statement. We don't have to "
+#| "worry about whether the while statement would cause so much voltage drop "
+#| "that the if statement won't function correctly. When you look at the "
+#| "value of a variable you don't have to worry about whether you've "
+#| "referenced that variable so many times that you exceed the fan-out "
+#| "limit. You don't have to worry about how much capacitance there is in a "
+#| "certain variable and how much time it will take to store the value in it."
+msgid ""
+"We don't have to worry that chemicals in the environment will get into the "
+"boundary between the if statement and the while statement and corrode them, "
+"and cause a bad connection. We don't have to worry that other chemicals "
+"will get on them and cause a short-circuit. We don't have to worry about "
+"whether the heat can be dissipated from this if statement through the "
+"surrounding while statement. We don't have to worry about whether the while "
+"statement would cause so much voltage drop that the if statement won't "
+"function correctly. When you look at the value of a variable you don't have "
+"to worry about whether you've referenced that variable so many times that "
+"you exceed the fan-out limit. You don't have to worry about how much "
+"capacitance there is in a certain variable and how much time it will take to "
+"store the value in it."
msgstr ""
"Ainsi, il y a beaucoup de problèmes que nous n'avons pas. Par exemple, si "
"nous mettons une condition <code>if</code> à l'intérieur d'une boucle "
Index: philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.15
retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.pot 16 Sep 2012 05:29:36 -0000
1.15
+++ philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.pot 2 Oct 2012 00:29:40 -0000
1.16
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: stallman-mec-india.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-23 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-10-01 20:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -380,13 +380,17 @@
"copy of the New York Times, which doesn't happen very often, and it just "
"happened to have the weekly patents column and I noted it and so I read it. "
"It said that somebody had got a patent for inventing a new method, a better "
-"method of data compression. Well, that was not in fact true. When I saw "
-"this, I thought we'd better get a copy of this patent and see if it's a "
-"problem, and it turned out to cover exactly the algorithm that we were about "
-"to release. So this program was killed one week before it was released. "
-"And in fact that person, that patent holder, had not invented a better "
-"method, because in fact it wasn't new. But that doesn't matter, he had a "
-"monopoly."
+"method of data compression. Well, that was not in fact true."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"When I saw this, I thought we'd better get a copy of this patent and see if "
+"it's a problem, and it turned out to cover exactly the algorithm that we "
+"were about to release. So this program was killed one week before it was "
+"released. And in fact that person, that patent holder, had not invented a "
+"better method, because in fact it wasn't new. But that doesn't matter, he "
+"had a monopoly."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
@@ -398,15 +402,19 @@
"the issued patents because they are published by the patent office. So in "
"principle, you could read them all, and see what they restrict, what they "
"prohibit you from doing. Practically speaking though, once there are "
-"software patents there are so many of them that you can't keep up with "
-"them. In the US there are over a hundred thousand of them; maybe two "
-"hundred thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I know that 10 years "
-"ago they were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that it has accelerated "
-"since then. So it's too much for you to keep track of them unless that's "
-"your full-time job. Now you can try to search for the ones that are "
-"relevant to what you are doing, and this works some of the time. If you "
-"search for certain keywords or follow links, you'll find some patents that "
-"are relevant to what you're doing. You won't find them <em>all</em>."
+"software patents there are so many of them that you can't keep up with them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In the US there are over a hundred thousand of them; maybe two hundred "
+"thousand by now. This is just an estimate. I know that 10 years ago they "
+"were issuing 10,000 a year and I believe that it has accelerated since "
+"then. So it's too much for you to keep track of them unless that's your "
+"full-time job. Now you can try to search for the ones that are relevant to "
+"what you are doing, and this works some of the time. If you search for "
+"certain keywords or follow links, you'll find some patents that are relevant "
+"to what you're doing. You won't find them <em>all</em>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
@@ -575,11 +583,16 @@
"program; if he can get sued for using this one and you give him another one, "
"he'll switch; but if what he wants to do is make images that can be "
"displayed by Netscape, then he can't switch, unless Netscape handles the "
-"other format… and it didn't. It took years, I think, before Netscape "
-"started to handle PNG format. So people essentially said “I can't "
-"switch, I just have… ” And so the result was, society had "
-"invested so much in this one format, that the inertia was too great for a "
-"switch, even though there was another superior format available."
+"other format… and it didn't."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"It took years, I think, before Netscape started to handle PNG format. So "
+"people essentially said “I can't switch, I just have… ” "
+"And so the result was, society had invested so much in this one format, that "
+"the inertia was too great for a switch, even though there was another "
+"superior format available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
@@ -1070,19 +1083,23 @@
"generates radio frequency interference and induces wrong values in some "
"other parts of the data. We don't have to worry about whether it will loop "
"at a speed that causes a resonance and eventually the if statement will "
-"vibrate against the while statement and one of them will crack. We don't "
-"have to worry that chemicals in the environment will get into the boundary "
-"between the if statement and the while statement and corrode them, and cause "
-"a bad connection. We don't have to worry that other chemicals will get on "
-"them and cause a short-circuit. We don't have to worry about whether the "
-"heat can be dissipated from this if statement through the surrounding while "
-"statement. We don't have to worry about whether the while statement would "
-"cause so much voltage drop that the if statement won't function correctly. "
-"When you look at the value of a variable you don't have to worry about "
-"whether you've referenced that variable so many times that you exceed the "
-"fan-out limit. You don't have to worry about how much capacitance there is "
-"in a certain variable and how much time it will take to store the value in "
-"it."
+"vibrate against the while statement and one of them will crack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't have to worry that chemicals in the environment will get into the "
+"boundary between the if statement and the while statement and corrode them, "
+"and cause a bad connection. We don't have to worry that other chemicals "
+"will get on them and cause a short-circuit. We don't have to worry about "
+"whether the heat can be dissipated from this if statement through the "
+"surrounding while statement. We don't have to worry about whether the while "
+"statement would cause so much voltage drop that the if statement won't "
+"function correctly. When you look at the value of a variable you don't have "
+"to worry about whether you've referenced that variable so many times that "
+"you exceed the fan-out limit. You don't have to worry about how much "
+"capacitance there is in a certain variable and how much time it will take to "
+"store the value in it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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