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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy philosophy.cs.html your-freedom-... |
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Date: |
Tue, 22 May 2012 16:27:58 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 12/05/22 16:27:58
Modified files:
philosophy : philosophy.cs.html
your-freedom-needs-free-software.de.html
philosophy/po : boldrin-levine.translist
copyright-and-globalization.fr.po
copyright-and-globalization.pot
copyright-and-globalization.ro.po
copyright-and-globalization.tr.po
philosophy.cs-en.html
your-freedom-needs-free-software.de-en.html
Added files:
philosophy : boldrin-levine.es.html
philosophy/po : boldrin-levine.es-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.es.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.cs-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: philosophy.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- philosophy.cs.html 27 Apr 2012 00:29:43 -0000 1.29
+++ philosophy.cs.html 22 May 2012 16:27:30 -0000 1.30
@@ -6,12 +6,6 @@
<title>Filosofie projektu GNU â Projekt GNU â Nadace pro svobodný
software (FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/philosophy.cs.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/philosophy.cs.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/philosophy.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/philosophy.cs-diff.html" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/philosophy.translist" -->
<div id="education-content">
<h2>Filosofie projektu GNU</h2>
@@ -20,14 +14,19 @@
</div>
<!-- id="education-content" -->
-<p>NaÅ¡Ã motivacà pro vývoj svobodného operaÄnÃho systému GNU je
filosofie hnutÃ
-svobodného softwaru. Tato stránka obsahuje úvod do této filosofie.</p>
-
-<p>Svobodný software je záležitost svobody: lidé by mÄli mÃt svobodu
využÃvat
-software vÅ¡emi způsoby, které pÅinášejà nÄjaký spoleÄenský užitek.
Software
-se liÅ¡Ã od hmotných vÄcà â jako židle, sendviÄe a benzÃnu â v tom,
že může
-být mnohem snadnÄji kopÃrován a upravován. Tyto možnosti dÄlajÃ
software tak
-užiteÄným, jak jen může být; vÄÅÃme, že uživatelé by je mÄli
využÃt. </p>
+<p><em>Svobodný software</em> znamená, že uživatelé softwaru jsou
svobodnÃ.
+(Nenà to otázka ceny.) Vyvinuli jsme operaÄnà systém GNU, aby uživatelé
+mohli být pÅi práci s poÄÃtaÄem svobodnÃ.</p>
+
+<p>KonkrétnÄ svobodný software znamená, že uživatelé majà <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÄtyÅi základnà svobody</a>: (0) spouÅ¡tÄt
+program, (1) studovat a mÄnit program v podobÄ zdrojového kódu, (2)
Å¡ÃÅit
+nezmÄnÄné kopie a (4) Å¡ÃÅit svoje upravené verze.</p>
+
+<p>Software se liÅ¡Ã od hmotných vÄcà â jako židle, sendviÄe a
benzÃnu â v tom,
+že může být mnohem snadnÄji kopÃrován a upravován. Tyto možnosti
dÄlajÃ
+software tak užiteÄným, jak jen může být; vÄÅÃme, že by je mÄli
využÃt
+uživatelé, ne pouze vývojáŠsoftwaru. </p>
<p>Pro dalÅ¡Ã informace prosÃm zvolte nÄkterou ze sekcà v nabÃdce
výše.</p>
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2012/04/27 00:29:43 $
+$Date: 2012/05/22 16:27:30 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: your-freedom-needs-free-software.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- your-freedom-needs-free-software.de.html 19 May 2012 01:27:48 -0000
1.13
+++ your-freedom-needs-free-software.de.html 22 May 2012 16:27:31 -0000
1.14
@@ -23,12 +23,14 @@
stattdessen häufig anderen.</p>
<p>Die Software, die auf den meisten Rechnern ausgeführt wird, ist <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.de.html#ProprietarySoftware">unfreie,
-proprietäre Software</a>: Kontrolliert von Softwareunternehmen, nicht von
-ihren Nutzern. Benutzer können nicht überprüfen, was diese Programme tun,
-noch verhindern, was. Die meisten Menschen akzeptieren dies, weil sie keine
-andere Möglichkeit kennen, aber es ist einfach falsch, den Entwicklern die
-Macht über den eigenen Rechner zu geben.</p>
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">unfreie, proprietäre
+Software</a>: kontrolliert von Softwareunternehmen, nicht durch deren
+Nutzer. Benutzer haben weder die Möglichkeit überprüfen zu können,
+<em>was</em> diese Programme im Hintergrund ausführen, noch können sie
+verhindern, <em>das</em> etwas ausgeführt wird, was sie nicht wollen. Die
+meisten Menschen akzeptieren das, weil sie keine andere Möglichkeit kennen,
+aber es ist einfach falsch, den Entwicklern die Macht über den eigenen
+Rechner zu geben.</p>
<p>Diese ungerechte Macht verführt, wie üblich, seine Spieler zu weiteren
Missetaten. Wenn ein Rechner mit einem Netzwerk kommuniziert und Nutzer
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@
soll ‑ oder diese womöglich Hand in Hand mit Staaten
zusammenarbeiten, deren Politik sie ablehnen. Software durch proprietäre
Softwareunternehmen kontrollieren lassen, ob Microsoft, Apple, Adobe oder
-Skype, bedeutet eine Kontrolle dessen, was wir sagen können und wen. Dies
+Skype, bedeutet eine Kontrolle dessen, was wir sagen können und wem. Dies
bedroht unsere Freiheit in allen Bereichen des Lebens.</p>
<p>AuÃerdem ist es Gefährlich, einen (Web-)Server eines Unternehmens zu
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualisierung:
-$Date: 2012/05/19 01:27:48 $
+$Date: 2012/05/22 16:27:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/boldrin-levine.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/boldrin-levine.translist 11 Mar 2012 11:50:03 -0000 1.5
+++ po/boldrin-levine.translist 22 May 2012 16:27:46 -0000 1.6
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
<li><a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po 20 May 2012 20:04:05 -0000
1.20
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.fr.po 22 May 2012 16:27:46 -0000
1.21
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-18 20:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-22 12:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-02-19 17:44+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-05-22 12:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -31,10 +32,19 @@
msgstr "Copyright et mondialisation à l'âge des réseaux informatiques"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr
+# | title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the
+# | Communications For{+u+}m on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm -
+# | 7:00pm</i>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr "
+#| "title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the "
+#| "Communications Form on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
msgid ""
"<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr title="
"\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the Communications "
-"Form on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
+"Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
msgstr ""
"<i>Ce qui suit est la traduction d'un discours (édité par la suite) donné
au "
"<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> lors du "
Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.pot 19 May 2012 01:30:34 -0000 1.6
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.pot 22 May 2012 16:27:46 -0000 1.7
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-18 20:29-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-22 12:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
msgid ""
"<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr "
"title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the "
-"Communications Form on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
+"Communications Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po 20 Sep 2011 17:16:36 -0000
1.4
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.ro.po 22 May 2012 16:27:46 -0000
1.5
@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.ro.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-09-20 12:28-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-22 12:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-01 18:03+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: CÄtÄlin Frâncu <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Romanian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ro\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
@@ -28,10 +29,15 @@
msgstr "Copyrightul Èi globalizarea în era reÈelelor de calculatoare"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr "
+#| "title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the "
+#| "Communications Form on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
msgid ""
"<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr title="
"\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the Communications "
-"Form on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
+"Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
msgstr ""
"<i>Aceasta este o transcriere editatÄ a unui discurs Èinut la <abbr title="
"\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> în Forumul de "
Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po 20 Sep 2011 17:16:36 -0000
1.4
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.tr.po 22 May 2012 16:27:46 -0000
1.5
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-09-20 12:28-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-22 12:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-05-16 16:41+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Tahir Emre Kalaycı <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Turkish <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: tr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
@@ -37,10 +38,15 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr "
+#| "title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the "
+#| "Communications Form on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
msgid ""
"<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr title="
"\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the Communications "
-"Form on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
+"Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
msgstr ""
"<i>AÅaÄıdaki metin <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"
"\">MIT</abbr> Ä°letiÅim Formunda 19 Nisan 2001 PerÅembe günü 17:00 -
19:00 "
Index: po/philosophy.cs-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.cs-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/philosophy.cs-en.html 2 Feb 2012 02:12:50 -0000 1.2
+++ po/philosophy.cs-en.html 22 May 2012 16:27:47 -0000 1.3
@@ -12,16 +12,22 @@
</div> <!-- id="education-content" -->
-<p>Our development of the GNU free software operating system is motivated
-by the philosophy of the free software movement. This page provides an
-introduction to that philosophy.</p>
-
-<p>Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use
-software in all the ways that are socially useful. Software differs
-from material objects—such as chairs, sandwiches, and
-gasoline—in that it can be copied and changed much more easily.
-These possibilities make software as useful as it is; we believe
-software users should be able to make use of them.</p>
+<p><em>Free software</em> means that the software's users have
+freedom. (The issue is not about price.) We developed the GNU
+operating system so that users can have freedom in their
+computing.</p>
+
+<p>Specifically, free software means users have
+the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">four essential freedoms</a>:
+(0) to run the program, (1) to study and change the program in source
+code form, (2) to redistribute exact copies, and (3) to distribute
+modified versions.</p>
+
+<p>Software differs from material objects—such as chairs,
+sandwiches, and gasoline—in that it can be copied and changed
+much more easily. These facilities are why software is useful; we
+believe a program's users should be free to take advantage of them,
+not solely its developer.</p>
<p>For further reading, please select a section
from the menu above.</p>
@@ -100,7 +106,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/02/02 02:12:50 $
+$Date: 2012/05/22 16:27:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de-en.html 19 May 2012 01:31:42
-0000 1.9
+++ po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de-en.html 22 May 2012 16:27:47
-0000 1.10
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/05/19 01:31:42 $
+$Date: 2012/05/22 16:27:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: boldrin-levine.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: boldrin-levine.es.html
diff -N boldrin-levine.es.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ boldrin-levine.es.html 22 May 2012 16:27:30 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Reseña: Boldrin y Levine, «El caso contra la propiedad intelectual» -
+Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
+<h2>Reseña: Boldrin y Levine, «El caso contra la propiedad intelectual»</h2>
+
+<p>
+por <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+En el sitio <a
+href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html";>http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html</a>
+se publica un artÃculo de Boldrin y Levine titulado «El caso contra la
+propiedad intelectual» que sostiene, con fundamentos económicos, que los
+autores pueden ganar dinero mediante la venta de sus obras incluso en un
+mundo donde todos puedan copiar.</p>
+
+<p>
+Usted probablemente haya escuchado el argumento superficial «Si el programa
+es libre, solo venderá una copia». La respuesta obvia es que hoy en dÃa hay
+empresas que venden miles de copias al mes. Sin embargo, el artÃculo
+proporciona otra respuesta: demuestra por qué, personas que son plenamente
+conscientes de las consecuencias económicas de la libertad de copiar,
+pagarÃan un alto precio por «la primera copia».</p>
+
+<p>
+El término <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">
+«propiedad intelectual» es engañoso y disemina confusión</a>. El engaño es
+fácil de ver: designar como «propiedad» los derechos de autor, las patentes
+y las marcas registradas, induce a pensar que criticar estos temas equivale
+a «oponerse al derecho de propiedad». La confusión es menos evidente:
+agrupando los derechos de autor, las patentes y las marcas, lo que se logra
+es que la gente trate esos temas como si fueran una sola cosa, haciendo caso
+omiso de las grandes diferencias que existen entre ellos y considerándolos
+como una única cuestión en base a sus escasas semejanzas.</p>
+
+<p>
+Esto generalmente conduce a dejar de lado los aspectos sociales y éticos de
+los derechos de autor, como asà también los diferentes aspectos sociales y
+éticos de las patentes, y a considerar a ambos —derechos de autor y
+patentes— como un tema único bajo términos estrictamente
+económicos. Los defensores de las patentes y de los derechos de autor
+fuertemente restrictivos presentan, entonces, un argumento económico que de
+tan simple se presenta como aparentemente irrefutable.</p>
+
+<p>
+Normalmente respondo señalando los aspectos de la situación que han sido
+ignorados por tratar la cuestión como un tema puramente económico. El
+artÃculo de Boldrin y Levine aborda ese simple argumento económico en sus
+propios términos y devela sus lagunas, lagunas que la aparente simplicidad
+tiende a ocultar.</p>
+
+<p>
+Creo que debemos seguir rechazando el término «propiedad
+intelectual». Tenemos que llamar la atención sobre los aspectos no
+económicos de los derechos de autor y los diferentes aspectos no económicos
+de las patentes. Sin embargo, los argumentos de Boldrin y Levine serán
+útiles para responder a quienes insisten en reducir sus valores a lo
+económico.</p>
+
+<p>
+El documento es algo matemático y está dirigido a economistas. SerÃa útil
+divulgar las ideas que allà se presentan.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Por favor envÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Existen también <a
+href="/contact/">otros medios para contactar</a> con la FSF.
+<br />
+Por favor notifique los enlaces rotos y otras correcciones o sugerencias a
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Por favor consulte la <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">GuÃa para las
+traducciones</a> para obtener información sobre la coordinación y el envÃo
+de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2003 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+Esta página está bajo una <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.es";>licencia
+Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 3.0 Estados Unidos de América</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Traducción: Alejandro Luis Bonavita, 2011.</div>
+
+<p>
+Para obtener información sobre cómo traducir al español las páginas de
este
+sitio web, visite la página del
+<a href="http://gnu.org/server/standards/translations/es/";>Equipo de
+traducción al español de GNU</a>.
+</p>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima actualización:
+
+$Date: 2012/05/22 16:27:30 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/boldrin-levine.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/boldrin-levine.es-en.html
diff -N po/boldrin-levine.es-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/boldrin-levine.es-en.html 22 May 2012 16:27:46 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against
+intellectual property” - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
+<h2>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against intellectual
property”</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+<a
href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html";>http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html</a>
+contains a paper by Boldrin and Levine entitled “The case against
+intellectual property”. It argues on economic grounds that authors can
+make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can copy.</p>
+
+<p>
+You've probably heard the superficial argument that “If the
+program is free, you will only sell one copy”. The obvious
+response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of
+copies a month. But this paper provides another response: it shows
+why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the
+freedom to copy would pay a high price for “the first
+copy”.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The
+term “intellectual property” is biased and spreads
+confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see—by calling copyright and
+patents and trademarks “property”, it leads people to
+think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights”.
+The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and
+trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to
+ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in
+terms of their meager similarities.</p>
+
+<p>
+This usually means ignoring social and ethical aspects of copyrights, and
+the different social and ethical aspects of patents, and considering both
+copyrights and patents as a single issue in narrow economic terms. The
+proponents of harshly restrictive copyrights and patents then present an
+economic argument that is so simple that it gives an appearance of being
+irrefutable.</p>
+
+<p>
+I normally respond by showing the aspects of the situation that have been
+ignored by treating the issue as a purely economic one. Boldrin and
+Levine's paper takes on that simple economic argument on its own terms, and
+shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to hide.</p>
+
+<p>
+I believe we should continue to reject the term “intellectual
+property”. We need to call attention to the non-economic
+aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of
+patents. However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for
+responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to
+economics.</p>
+
+<p>
+The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical.
+Popularization of its ideas would be useful.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2003 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2012/05/22 16:27:46 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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