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From: |
Islam Farouk Bahnasy |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy philosophy.html government-free-... |
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Date: |
Mon, 19 Dec 2011 20:04:30 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Islam Farouk Bahnasy <ifarouk> 11/12/19 20:04:30
Modified files:
philosophy : philosophy.html
Added files:
philosophy : government-free-software.html
philosophy/po : government-free-software.translist
Log message:
#717971: philosophy/government-free-software.html
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.342&r2=1.343
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/government-free-software.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/government-free-software.translist?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: philosophy.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.html,v
retrieving revision 1.342
retrieving revision 1.343
diff -u -b -r1.342 -r1.343
--- philosophy.html 22 Oct 2011 21:37:52 -0000 1.342
+++ philosophy.html 19 Dec 2011 20:04:16 -0000 1.343
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
Richard Stallman</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why
"Open Source" misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Measures governments
can use to promote free software</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/10/22 21:37:52 $
+$Date: 2011/12/19 20:04:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: government-free-software.html
===================================================================
RCS file: government-free-software.html
diff -N government-free-software.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ government-free-software.html 19 Dec 2011 20:04:16 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Measures governments can use to promote free software</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/government-free-software.translist" -->
+<h2>Motives For Writing Free Software</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>This article suggests policies for a strong and firm effort to promote
+free software within the state, and to lead the rest of the country
+towards software freedom.
+</p>
+
+<p>The mission of the state is to organize society for the freedom and
+well-being of the people. One aspect of this mission, in the
+computing field, is to encourage users to adopt free software.
+</p>
+
+<p>The state needs to insist on free software in its own computing for
+the sake of its computational sovereignty (the state's control over
+its own computing). All users deserve control over their computing,
+but the state has a responsibility to the people to maintain control
+over the computing it does on their behalf. Most government
+activities now depend on computing, and its control over those
+activities depends on its control over that computing. Losing this
+control in an agency whose mission is critical undermines national
+security.
+</p>
+
+<p>Moving state agencies to free software can also provide secondary
+benefits, such as saving money and encouraging local software support
+businesses.
+</p>
+
+<p>In this text, "state entities" means public agencies including
+schools, public-private partnerships, largely state-funded activities
+such as charter schools, and "private" corporations controlled by the
+state or established with special privileges or functions by the
+state.
+</p>
+
+<p>The most important policy concerns education, since that shapes
+the future of the country:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Educational activities, or at least those of of state entities, must
+teach only free software (thus, they should never lead students to use
+a nonfree program), and should teach the civic reasons for insisting
+on free software. To teach a nonfree program is to teach dependence,
+which is contrary to the mission of the school.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Also crucial are state policies that influence what software
+individuals and organizations use:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Laws and public sector practices must be changed so that they never
+require or pressure individuals or organizations to use a nonfree
+program. They should also discourage communication and publication
+practices that imply such consequences (including DRM).
+</li>
+
+<li>Whenever a state entity distributes software to the public,
+including programs included in or specified by its web pages, it must
+be distributed as free software, and must be capable of running on a
+100% free environment.
+</li>
+
+<li>State entity web sites and servers must be designed to function fully
+with 100% free environments on the user's computer.
+</li>
+
+<li>State entities must use only file formats and communication
+protocols that are well supported by free software, preferably with
+published specifications. (We do not state this in terms of
+"standards" because it should apply to nonstandardized interfaces as
+well as standardized ones.) For example, they must not distribute
+audio or video recordings in formats that require Flash or nonfree
+codecs, and public libraries must not distribute works with Digital
+Restrictions Management.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Several policies affect the computational sovereignty of the state.
+State entities must maintain control over their computing, not cede
+control to private hands. These points apply to all computers,
+including smartphones.
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>State entities must migrate to free software, and must not install,
+or continue using, any nonfree software except under a temporary
+exception. Only one agency should have the authority to grant these
+temporary exceptions, and only when shown compelling reasons. This
+agency's goal should be to reduce the number of exceptions to zero.
+</li>
+
+<li>When a state entity pays for development of a computing solution,
+the contract must require it be delivered as free software and be
+capable of running on a 100% free environment. All contracts must
+require this, so that if the developer does not comply with this
+requirement, the work cannot be paid for.
+</li>
+
+<li>When a state entity buys or leases computers, it must choose among
+the models that come closest, in their class, to being capable of
+running without any proprietary software. The state should maintain,
+for each class of computers, a list of the models authorized based on
+this criterion. Models available to both the public and the state
+should be preferred to models available only to the state.
+</li>
+
+<li>The state should negotiate actively with manufacturers to bring
+about the availability in the market (to the state and the public) of
+suitable hardware products, in all pertinent product areas, that
+require no proprietary software.
+</li>
+
+<li>The state should invite other states to negotiate collectively with
+manufacturers about suitable hardware products. Together they will
+have more clout.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The computational sovereignty (and security) of the state includes
+control over the computers that do the state's work. This means
+avoiding Software as a Service, unless the service is run by a state
+agency under the same branch of government, as well as other practices
+that deminish the state control over its computing. Therefore,
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Every computer that the state uses must belong to the state or be
+leased by the state, and the state must never cede authority to a
+private entity over who has physical access to the computer, who can
+do maintenance (hardware or software) on it, or what software should
+be installed in it. If the computer is not portable, then while in
+use it must be in a physical space of which the state is the occupant
+(either as owner or as tenant).
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>One other policy affects free and nonfree software development:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>The state should encourage developers to create or enhance Free
+Software and who make it available to the public, e.g. by tax breaks
+and other financial incentive. Contrariwise, no such incentives
+should be granted for development, distribution or use of non-free
+software.
+</li>
+
+<li>In particular, proprietary software developers should not be able to
+"donate" copies to schools and claim a tax write-off for the nominal
+value of the software. Proprietary software is not legitimate in a
+school.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>With these measures, the state can recover control over its computing,
+and lead the country's citizens, businesses and organizations towards
+control over their computing.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright 2011 Free Software Foundation
+Released under the CC-BY-ND 3.0 license.
+</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/19 20:04:16 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.es.html">español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
-->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/government-free-software.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: po/government-free-software.translist
diff -N po/government-free-software.translist
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/government-free-software.translist 19 Dec 2011 20:04:24 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<!-- begin translinks file -->
+<div id="translations">
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<!-- Czech -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/government-free-software.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+</ul>
+</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
+<!-- end translinks file -->
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