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www licenses/translations.pl.html licenses/po/t...
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www licenses/translations.pl.html licenses/po/t... |
|
Date: |
Mon, 24 Jan 2011 17:28:24 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 11/01/24 17:28:24
Modified files:
licenses : translations.pl.html
licenses/po : translations.pl.po
software/po : reliability.ca.po reliability.es.po
reliability.fa.po reliability.fr.po
reliability.it.po reliability.ml.po
reliability.pl.po reliability.pot
reliability.zh-cn.po
Added files:
philosophy/po : google-engineering-talk.pot
the-root-of-this-problem.pot
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/translations.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.75&r2=1.76
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/translations.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.ca.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.fa.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.ml.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
Patches:
Index: licenses/translations.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/translations.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.75
retrieving revision 1.76
diff -u -b -r1.75 -r1.76
--- licenses/translations.pl.html 26 Oct 2010 16:27:09 -0000 1.75
+++ licenses/translations.pl.html 24 Jan 2011 17:27:44 -0000 1.76
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
<li><code>[fi]</code> TÅumaczenie GPL na <a
href="http://www.turre.com/licenses/gpl_fi.html";>fiÅski</a></li>
<li><code>[fr]</code> TÅumaczenie GPL na <a
-href="http://www.april.org/groupes/trad-gpl/doc/GPLv3/www.rodage.org/gpl-3.0.fr.html";>francuski</a></li>
+href="http://www.rodage.org/gpl-3.0.fr.html";> francuski</a></li>
<li><code>[gl]</code> TÅumaczenie GPL na <a
href="http://www.mancomun.org/GPL3_GL/gpl_gl_v3.html";>galicyjski</a> (<a
href="http://www.mancomun.org/GPL3_GL/gpl_gl_v3.txt";>czysty tekst</a>, <a
@@ -294,8 +294,8 @@
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
</p>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any
medium, provided this notice is preserved. <br /> Zezwala siÄ
@@ -309,12 +309,12 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
TÅumaczenie: Wojciech Kotwica 2001, Daniel Oźminkowski 2010, poprawki:
-Wojciech Kotwica 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, Jan Owoc 2010, Marcin
-Wolak 2010.</div>
+Wojciech Kotwica 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, Jan Owoc 2010, Daniel
+Oźminkowski 2011, Marcin Wolak 2010.</div>
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2010/10/26 16:27:09 $
+$Date: 2011/01/24 17:27:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/po/translations.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/translations.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- licenses/po/translations.pl.po 24 Jan 2011 15:40:21 -0000 1.6
+++ licenses/po/translations.pl.po 24 Jan 2011 17:27:55 -0000 1.7
@@ -213,9 +213,6 @@
"licenses/gpl_fi.html\">fiÅski</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<code>[fr]</code> <a href=\"http://www.april.org/groupes/trad-gpl/doc/";
-#| "GPLv3/www.rodage.org/gpl-3.0.fr.html\"> French</a> translation of the GPL"
msgid ""
"<code>[fr]</code> <a href=\"http://www.rodage.org/gpl-3.0.fr.html\";> French</"
"a> translation of the GPL"
@@ -248,8 +245,8 @@
"<code>[he]</code> <a href=\"http://law.co.il/gplv3\";>Hebrew</a> translation "
"of the GPL"
msgstr ""
-"<code>[he]</code> TÅumaczenie GPL na <a href=\"http://law.co.il/";
-"gplv3\">hebrajski</a>"
+"<code>[he]</code> TÅumaczenie GPL na <a href=\"http://law.co.il/gplv3";
+"\">hebrajski</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -322,19 +319,19 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<code>[pt-br]</code> Brazilian Portuguese (<a href=\"http://gpl3brasil.";
-"pbwiki.com/GPLv3\">1</a>), (<a href=\"http://www.fsfla.org/svnwiki/trad/";
-"GPLv3\">2</a> — effort lead by FSFLA)"
+"pbwiki.com/GPLv3\">1</a>), (<a href=\"http://www.fsfla.org/svnwiki/trad/GPLv3";
+"\">2</a> — effort lead by FSFLA)"
msgstr ""
"<code>[pt-br]</code> brazylijski portugalski (<a href=\"http://gpl3brasil.";
-"pbwiki.com/GPLv3\">1</a>), (<a href=\"http://www.fsfla.org/svnwiki/trad/";
-"GPLv3\">2</a>— prace prowadzi FSFLA)"
+"pbwiki.com/GPLv3\">1</a>), (<a href=\"http://www.fsfla.org/svnwiki/trad/GPLv3";
+"\">2</a>— prace prowadzi FSFLA)"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<code>[ca]</code> <a href=\"http://www.softcatala.cat/wiki/GPL3\";>Catalan</a>"
msgstr ""
-"<code>[ca]</code> <a href=\"http://www.softcatala.cat/wiki/";
-"GPL3\">kataloÅski</a>"
+"<code>[ca]</code> <a href=\"http://www.softcatala.cat/wiki/GPL3";
+"\">kataloÅski</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -383,12 +380,12 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<code>[tr]</code> <a href=\"http://tr.pardus-wiki.org/index.php?title=";
-"%C3%87eviri:GNU_GPL_s%C3%BCr%C3%BCm_3_Gayr%C4%B1resm%C3%AE_%C3%87evirisi&"
+"<code>[tr]</code> <a href=\"http://tr.pardus-wiki.org/index.php?title=%C3%";
+"87eviri:GNU_GPL_s%C3%BCr%C3%BCm_3_Gayr%C4%B1resm%C3%AE_%C3%87evirisi&"
"action=edit\">Turkish</a>"
msgstr ""
-"<code>[tr]</code> <a href=\"http://tr.pardus-wiki.org/index.php?title=";
-"%C3%87eviri:GNU_GPL_s%C3%BCr%C3%BCm_3_Gayr%C4%B1resm%C3%AE_%C3%87evirisi&"
+"<code>[tr]</code> <a href=\"http://tr.pardus-wiki.org/index.php?title=%C3%";
+"87eviri:GNU_GPL_s%C3%BCr%C3%BCm_3_Gayr%C4%B1resm%C3%AE_%C3%87evirisi&"
"action=edit\">turecki</a>"
# type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -637,9 +634,6 @@
"\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, "
-#| "2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, "
"2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
Index: software/po/reliability.ca.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.ca.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- software/po/reliability.ca.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:56 -0000 1.3
+++ software/po/reliability.ca.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.4
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability.ca\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-05 16:11+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Miquel Puigpelat <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Catalan <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -104,10 +104,18 @@
"sensiblement millors que aquelles de sistemes comercials).\""
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -229,8 +237,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"Envieu les vostres preguntes sobre la FSF i GNU a <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"org\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. També hi ha <a
href=\"/contact/contact.ca."
Index: software/po/reliability.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- software/po/reliability.es.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.4
+++ software/po/reliability.es.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.5
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability.es\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-01-03 18:35+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Xavier Reina <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -111,10 +111,18 @@
"todavÃa eran considerablemente mejores que las de los sistemas
comerciales)»."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -235,8 +243,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"Por favor, envÃe sus comentarios y preguntas sobre la â©<acronym
title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> y el proyecto GNUâ©a <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.â©También puede <a
href=\"/contact/\">contactar con la FSF â©por otros medios</a>.â©<br />â©Por
favor, envÃe enlaces rotos y otras correcciones o sugerencias a â©<a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></"
"a>"
Index: software/po/reliability.fa.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.fa.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- software/po/reliability.fa.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.3
+++ software/po/reliability.fa.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.4
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-03-24 00:09+0330\n"
"Last-Translator: Abbas Esmaeeli Some'eh <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Persian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -101,10 +101,18 @@
"Ù
ØسÙØ³Û Ø¨Ùتر از آ٠سÛستÙ
âÙØ§Û ØªØ¬Ø§Ø±Û
بÙد.)“"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -224,8 +232,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"ÙØ·Ùا سÙاÙات ٠پرسشâÙØ§Û Ø®Ùد در رابط٠با Ú¯ÙÙ
٠بÙÛاد ÙرÙ
âاÙزارÙØ§Û Ø¢Ø²Ø§Ø¯ را ب٠<a "
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a> ارساÙ
Ú©ÙÛد. ÙÙ
ÚÙÛÙ <a "
Index: software/po/reliability.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- software/po/reliability.fr.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.4
+++ software/po/reliability.fr.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.5
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-01-24 16:26+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Cédric Corazza <cedric.corazza AT wanadoo.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -110,10 +110,18 @@
"utilitaires des systèmes commerciaux) »."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -244,8 +252,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a
href=\"/contact/"
Index: software/po/reliability.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- software/po/reliability.it.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.6
+++ software/po/reliability.it.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.7
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-06-15 11:58+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Andrea Pescetti <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Italian\n"
@@ -105,10 +105,18 @@
"volta migliori di quelle dei sistemi commerciali).\""
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -231,8 +239,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"Per informazioni su FSF e GNU rivolgetevi, possibilmente in inglese, a <a "
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. Ci sono anche <a href=\"/"
Index: software/po/reliability.ml.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.ml.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- software/po/reliability.ml.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.3
+++ software/po/reliability.ml.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.4
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-02 13:08+0530\n"
"Last-Translator: Shyam K<address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Swathanthra Malayalam Computing<address@hidden"
@@ -101,10 +101,18 @@
"à´µàµà´¯àµà´¹à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµâ വളരàµ
à´®àµà´àµà´à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ ).”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -223,8 +231,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"à´à´«àµ à´à´¸àµ à´à´«àµ -നൠà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´
à´àµà´¨àµ -വിനൠà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´³àµà´³
à´àµà´¦àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´¸à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ <a
href=\"mailto:";
"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a> à´²àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´
യയàµà´àµà´àµà´. à´à´«àµ à´à´¸àµ à´à´«àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
ബനàµà´§à´ªàµà´ªàµà´à´¾à´¨àµâ "
Index: software/po/reliability.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- software/po/reliability.pl.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.3
+++ software/po/reliability.pl.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.4
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-08-02 12:01+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -112,10 +112,18 @@
"wyraźnie lepsze od tych z systemów komercyjnych”."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -239,8 +247,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"Pytania dotyczÄ
ce GNU i FSF prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a href="
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. IstniejÄ
także <a
href=\"/"
Index: software/po/reliability.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- software/po/reliability.pot 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.2
+++ software/po/reliability.pot 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.3
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
"For details, see their paper: <a "
"href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\";>
"
"Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of the Reliability of Unix Utilities and "
-"Services (postscript 146k)</a> by Barton P. Miller <a "
+"Services (postscript 223k)</a> by Barton P. Miller <a "
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>, David Koski, "
"Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and "
"Jeff Steidl."
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send "
"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: software/po/reliability.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- software/po/reliability.zh-cn.po 24 Jan 2011 01:27:57 -0000 1.3
+++ software/po/reliability.zh-cn.po 24 Jan 2011 17:28:14 -0000 1.4
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: reliability.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-23 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-07-09 15:13+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Deng, Nan <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese-Simplified <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -96,10 +96,18 @@
"ç®ç好å¤ï¼ã”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
+#| "technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
+#| "the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+#| "Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+#| "edu></a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi "
+#| "Murthy, Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
msgid ""
"For details, see their paper: <a href=\"ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/paradyn/";
"technical_papers/fuzz-revisited.ps\"> Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of "
-"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 146k)</a> by "
+"the Reliability of Unix Utilities and Services (postscript 223k)</a> by "
"Barton P. Miller <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
"</a>, David Koski, Cjin Pheow Lee, Vivekananda Maganty, Ravi Murthy, "
"Ajitkumar Natarajan, and Jeff Steidl."
@@ -210,8 +218,8 @@
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
"to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"org</em></a>."
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) & GNU çæ¥è¯¢ &
é®é¢åéå°<a href="
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ãä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a
href=\"/"
Index: philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/google-engineering-talk.pot 24 Jan 2011 17:28:06 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2469 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"GNU & The Free Software Foundation (Engineering Tech Talk at Google) - "
+"GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "GNU & The Free Software Foundation<br /> Engineering Tech Talk at
Google"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>Richard Stallman<br /> June 11, 2004 </strong>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Table of Contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#introduction\">1. Introduction … 2</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#how-it-started\">2. How it started … 2</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#gnu-operating-system\">3. GNU operating system …
3</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#gnu-emacs\">4. GNU Emacs … 5</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#expensive-habits\">5. Expensive habits … 5</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#definition-of-free-software\">6. Definition of free software "
+"… 6</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#freedom-2-moral-dilemma\">7. Freedom 2 moral dilemma … "
+"7</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#freedom-2-spirit-of-good-will\">8. Freedom 2 spirit of good will "
+"… 7</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#freedom-0-to-run-a-program-freedom-1-to-modify-it\">9. Freedom 0 "
+"to run a program, Freedom 1 to modify it … 8</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#drm-back-doors-bugs\">10. DRM, back doors, bugs …
8</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#freedom-3-having-no-master\">11. Freedom 3 having no master "
+"… 9</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#copyleft-forbidding-is-forbidden\">12. Copyleft forbidding is "
+"forbidden … 10</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#general-public-license\">13. General Public License … "
+"11</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#developing-gnu\">13a. Developing GNU</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#making-money-off-free-software\">14. Making money off free "
+"software … 12</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#why-write-free-software\">15. Why write free software … "
+"13</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#linux-kernel\">16. Linux kernel … 14</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#gnu-vs-linux-confusion-problem-freedom\">17. GNU vs. Linux "
+"confusion problem freedom … 15</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#enemies-of-free-software\">18. Enemies of free software … "
+"16</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#treacherous-computing\">19. Treacherous computing …
17</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#help-gnu\">20. Help GNU … 18</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#saint-ignucius\">21. Saint Ignucius … 18</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#about-anonymity-credit-cards-cell-phones\">22. About anonymity, "
+"credit cards, cell phones … 19</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#free-formats-copyright-microsoft\">23. Free formats, copyright, "
+"Microsoft … 20</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#dangers-of-webmail-loss-of-freedom\">24. Dangers of webmail loss "
+"of freedom … 20</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#copyright-art-vs-software\">25. Copyright art vs. software "
+"… 21</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#malicious-free-software\">26. Malicious free software … "
+"22</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#patented-file-formats\">27. Patented file formats …
22</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#games-as-free-software\">28. Games as free software … "
+"22</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#gpl-freedoms-for-cars-saving-seeds\">29. GPL freedoms for cars, "
+"saving seeds … 23</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#no-software-is-better-than-non-free-software\">30. No software is "
+"better than non-free software … 23</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#portability-of-free-software\">31. Portability of free software "
+"… 24</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#is-some-free-software-obfuscated-on-purpose\">32. Is some free "
+"software obfuscated on purpose? … 24</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#proprietary-keeping-an-edge\">33. Proprietary keeping an edge "
+"… 25</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#forbidding-is-forbidden-how-is-this-freedom\">34. Forbidding is "
+"forbidden how is this freedom? … 25</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#can-google-help-free-software\">35. Can Google help free software "
+"… 25</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#free-software-on-windows-good-or-bad\">36. Free software on "
+"windows, good or bad … 26</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#scos-suit\">37. SCO's suit … 26</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#stallmans-problem-typing\">38. Stallman's problem typing … "
+"27</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#open-source-good-or-bad-pat-riot-act\">39. Open source, good or "
+"bad Pat-riot Act … 27</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#the-end\">40. The end … 27</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "1. Introduction"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>ED:</b> Well, thank you everybody for making it. I'm Ed Falk and this man "
+"needs very little introduction; if you don't know what the letters RMS stand "
+"for, you probably don't belong in this room."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Richard was the founder of the Free Software Foundation, in 1984 I believe "
+"it was, and as such could be considered the father of free software and, of "
+"course, Google's infrastructure is based on free software. So we owe the "
+"free software movement quite a great deal of thanks. [And my mic is dying on "
+"this microphone so I won't talk too long.] This is Richard Stallman and we "
+"thank him for being here on short notice and we thank our mutual friend Lile "
+"Elam who arranged all of this and I think with no further ado, I give you "
+"Richard!"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[Richard bows]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "2. How it started"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Please raise your hands if you cannot hear me. [Laughter] "
+"Yes, somebody raised his hand."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the topic of my speech is free software. I didn't begin free software; "
+"there was free software going back to the early days of computing. As soon "
+"as there were a couple of computers of the same model, people could try "
+"sharing software. And they did."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"{This is not... This has a problem. How do we stop the feedback? Can someone "
+"do anything? I'm willing to get some feedback, but only from you, not from "
+"the PA system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#:
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> [unintelligible]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, that doesn't matter; I'm not an advocate of open "
+"source and never was and never will be.}"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So free software existed before I started programming and I had the good "
+"fortune, in the 1970s, of being part of a community of programmers who "
+"shared software. So I learned about free software as a way of life, by "
+"living it. And I came to appreciate what it meant to be free to share with "
+"people, not divided from the rest of the world by attitudes of secrecy and "
+"hostility."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But that community died in the early '80s and I found myself confronted by "
+"the prospect of spending the rest of my life in a world of proprietary "
+"software. And, worst of all, confronted by the prospect of signing a "
+"non-disclosure agreement {which I}. And I had concluded that it is unethical "
+"to sign a non-disclosure agreement for generally useful technical "
+"information, such as software. To promise not to share with one's fellows is "
+"a violation of human solidarity. So when I saw that the machine downstairs "
+"was asking me to sign an NDA, I just said, \"I can't sign an NDA.\" Well, "
+"fortunately, there was an option; they let me come in here and speak without "
+"signing it, otherwise you would have had to go outside to listen. [Laughter]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(They asked a couple of other interesting questions; they asked about "
+"company, so I said I'm available tonight. [Looking at name tag][Laughter] "
+"And they asked for my host, so I put down fencepost.gnu.org. But that's just "
+"the hacker spirit.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I found myself in a situation where the only way you could get a modern "
+"computer and start to use it was to sign a non-disclosure agreement for some "
+"proprietary operating system. Because all the operating systems for modern "
+"computers in 1983 were proprietary, and there was no lawful way to get a "
+"copy of those operating systems without signing a non-disclosure agreement, "
+"which was unethical. So I decided to try to do something about it, to try to "
+"change that situation. And the only way I could think of to change it was to "
+"write another operating system, and then say as the author \"this system is "
+"free; you can have it without a non-disclosure agreement and you're welcome "
+"to redistribute it to other people. You're welcome to study how it "
+"works. You're welcome to change it.\" So, instead of being divided and "
+"helpless, the users of this system would live in freedom. Ordinary "
+"proprietary software is part of a scheme where users are deliberately kept "
+"divided and helpless. The program comes with a license that says you're "
+"forbidden to share it, and in most cases you can't get the source code, so "
+"you can't study it or change it. It may even have malicious features and you "
+"can't tell. With free software, we respect the user's freedom, and that's "
+"the whole point. The reason for the free software movement is so that the "
+"people of cyberspace can have freedom, so that there is a way to live in "
+"freedom and still use a computer, to avoid being kept divided and helpless."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "3. GNU operating system"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You can't use a computer without an operating system, so a free software "
+"operating system was absolutely essential. And in 1983 I announced my plan "
+"to develop one: an operating system called GNU."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I had decided to make the system UNIX-like so that it would be portable. The "
+"operating system that we had used for many years at the Artificial "
+"Intelligence Lab was the Incompatible Timesharing System, or ITS. It had "
+"been written in assembler language for the PDP-10, so when Digital "
+"discontinued the PDP-10, our many years of work turned into dust and blew "
+"away. I didn't want to write another system and have the same thing happen, "
+"so I decided this system had better be portable. But there was only one "
+"successful portable operating system I knew of, and that was UNIX. So I "
+"decided to follow the design of UNIX, figuring that way I'd have a good "
+"chance of succeeding in making a system that was useful and portable. And "
+"then I decided to make the system upward-compatible with the interfaces of "
+"UNIX, and the reason for this was so that users could switch to it without "
+"an incompatible change."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I realized that I could take the best ideas from the various systems I had "
+"helped develop or use and add my pet ideas and make my dream operating "
+"system. But this would have been incompatible, and the users would mostly "
+"have rejected it, saying \"it would be too much work to switch, so we're "
+"just not going to.\" So, by making the system upward-compatible with UNIX, I "
+"could spare the users that obstacle and make more of a chance that users "
+"would actually use the system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If the users had rejected it, I would have had a perfect excuse. I could "
+"have said \"I offered them freedom and they rejected it; it's their fault.\" "
+"But I wanted to make more than just an excuse. I wanted to build a community "
+"where people would actually live in freedom, which meant I had to develop a "
+"system people would actually use. So I decided to make the system "
+"upward-compatible with UNIX."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, UNIX consists of many components that communicate through interfaces "
+"that are more or less documented. And the users use those interfaces. So to "
+"be compatible with UNIX required using the same interfaces, which meant that "
+"the initial design decisions were already made, except one: what range of "
+"target machines to support. UNIX had been designed to support 16-bit "
+"machines, which was a lot of extra work, because programs had to be kept "
+"small; so I decided to save that extra work by not supporting anything less "
+"than a 32-bit machine. I figured it would take many years to get the system "
+"done and by then people would normally be using 32-bit machines anyway, and "
+"that turned out to be true."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So then the only thing that I needed before I could start work was a "
+"name. Now, to be a hacker means to enjoy playful cleverness -- in "
+"programming, and in other areas of life, any area of life [where] you could "
+"be playfully clever. And there was a hacker tradition that when you were "
+"writing a program that was similar to some existing program, you could give "
+"your new program a name that's a recursive acronym, saying it is not the "
+"other program."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, in the '60s and '70s there were many TECO text editors, more "
+"or less similar; typically each system would have a TECO and it would be "
+"called something-or-other-TECO. But one clever hacker called his program "
+"TINT, for \"TINT Is Not TECO\" -- the first recursive acronym. And we "
+"thought that was very funny. So after I developed the first Emacs "
+"extensible text editor in 1975, there were many imitations, and some were "
+"called this-or-that-Emacs. But one was called FINE for \"FINE Is Not Emacs\" "
+"and there was SINE for \"SINE Is Not Emacs\", and EINE for \"EINE Is Not "
+"Emacs\", and MINCE for \"MINCE Is Not Complete Emacs.\" Then EINE was mostly "
+"rewritten, and version two was called ZWEI for \"ZWEI Was EINE Initially.\" "
+"[Laughter]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I looked for a recursive acronym for \"Something is not UNIX,\" but the "
+"usual four-letter method was no good, because none of those was a word. And "
+"if it doesn't have some other meaning, it's not funny. So I thought, \"what "
+"else can I do, hmm?\" Nothing came to me, so I thought, \"I'll make a "
+"contraction, then I could get a three-letter recursive acronym.\" I started "
+"substituting all 26 letters: ANU, BNU, CNU, DNU, ENU, FNU, GNU! Well, "
+"\"gnu\" is the funniest word in the English language, so that had to be the "
+"choice. If you can call something \"GNU,\" it makes no sense to pick "
+"anything else."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, of course, the reason why the word \"gnu\" is used for so much word-play "
+"is that, according to the dictionary, it's pronounced \"new.\" So people "
+"started asking each other, \"hey, what's g-nu,\" as a joke, long before you "
+"could answer \"GNU's Not UNIX.\" But now you can give that answer and the "
+"best part is, it sounds like you're obnoxiously telling the person what it "
+"isn't, instead of answering his question. But the fact is, you're giving the "
+"exact meaning of GNU; so you are, in fact, answering the question in the "
+"most exact possible way, but it gives the appearance that you're refusing "
+"to."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In any case, when it's the name of our operating system, please pronounce a "
+"hard G; don't follow the dictionary. If you talk about the \"new\" operating "
+"system, you'll get people very confused. We've been working on it for 20 "
+"years now, so it's not new anymore. But it still is, and always will be, "
+"GNU, no matter how many people call it Linux by mistake."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "{[<b>AUDIENCE:</b> unintelligible] [<b>RICHARD:</b> Thank you!]}"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, having the name I could start work. I quit my job at MIT to begin "
+"writing pieces of the GNU operating system, in January 1984. I had to quit "
+"my job because, had I remained an MIT employee, that would have enabled MIT "
+"to claim to own all the code I was writing, and MIT could have turned it "
+"into proprietary software products. And since MIT had already done that kind "
+"of thing, I certainly couldn't trust them not to do so here. And I didn't "
+"want to have to argue with the MIT administration about all the details of "
+"the license I was going to use. So, by quitting my job, I took them out of "
+"the equation, and I have never had a job since then. However, the head of "
+"the AI Lab was nice enough to let me keep using the facilities, so I began "
+"using a UNIX machine at the AI Lab to start bootstrapping pieces of the GNU "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I had never used UNIX before that time. I was never a UNIX wizard and I "
+"chose to follow the design of UNIX for the exact reason that I've told you, "
+"not because UNIX was my favorite system or anything. Sometimes people write "
+"that it was changes in UNIX's licensing policy that inspired GNU. Well, this "
+"is not true; in fact, UNIX was never free software. They were more or less "
+"restrictive and more or less nasty about enforcing the requirements, but it "
+"was never free software, so those changes actually made no difference and, "
+"in any case, they took place long before I ever saw an actual UNIX machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "4. GNU Emacs"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, at the time, I thought that I and the other people I was recruiting to "
+"try to help would develop all these pieces and make a complete system and "
+"then we'd say, \"come and get it.\" But that's not how it happened. In "
+"September '84, I started developing GNU Emacs, which was my second "
+"implementation of the extensible programmable text editor. And by early '85, "
+"it was suitable for me to do all my editing with it. Now, that was a big "
+"relief. You see, I had absolutely no intention of learning to use "
+"Vi. [Laughter, applause] So, until that point, I did my editing on other "
+"machines where there was an Emacs and copied the files through the net, in "
+"order to test them on the UNIX machine. Once GNU Emacs was running, I could "
+"do my editing on the UNIX machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But other people wanted to get copies of GNU Emacs to use it for their "
+"editing, to use it on their UNIX systems. There was no GNU system yet, there "
+"were just a few pieces. But this one piece turned out to be interesting by "
+"itself. People asked me for copies, so I had to work out the details of how "
+"to distribute it. Of course, I put a copy in the anonymous FTP server, and "
+"that was good for people on the net, but in 1985, most programmers were not "
+"on the Internet. So they asked me for copies; what was I going to say? I "
+"could have said, \"I want to spend my time writing more pieces of the GNU "
+"system, not writing mag tapes, so please find a friend who can download it "
+"and put it on tape for you,\" and they would have found people sooner or "
+"later, because programmers generally know other programmers."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "5. Expensive habits"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But I had no job, and I was looking for some way to make some money through "
+"my work on free software. So I announced, \"send me $150 and I'll mail you a "
+"tape of GNU Emacs.\" And the orders began dribbling in. By the middle of the "
+"year, they were trickling in, eight to ten orders a month, which, if "
+"necessary, I could have lived on."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That's because I make efforts to resist expensive habits. An expensive habit "
+"is like a trap; it's dangerous. Now most Americans have the exact opposite "
+"attitude: if they make this much money, they look for how to spend this "
+"much, [makes ample gesture] which is completely imprudent. So they start "
+"buying houses and cars and boats and planes and rare stamps and artwork and "
+"adventure travel and children, [laughter] all sorts of expensive luxuries "
+"that use up a lot of the world's resources, especially the children. And "
+"then, the next thing they know, they've got to desperately struggle all day "
+"long to get money to pay for these things, so they have no time even to "
+"enjoy them, which is especially sad when it's a matter of children. The "
+"other things, I guess, can get repossessed. So then they become puppets of "
+"money, unable to decide what they're going to do with their lives. If you "
+"don't want to be a puppet of money, then resist the expensive habits, so "
+"that the less you need to spend to live on, the more flexibility you've got "
+"and the less of your life you're forced to spend to make that money."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So I still live, basically, like a student, and I want it to be that
way."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "6. Definition of free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But people sometimes used to say to me, \"what do you mean, it's free "
+"software, if it costs $150?\" Well, the English word \"free\" has multiple "
+"meanings and they were confused by that. It even took me a few years to "
+"realize that I needed to clarify this. One meaning, you see, refers to "
+"price, and another meaning refers to freedom. When we speak of free "
+"software, we're talking about freedom, not price. So think of \"free "
+"speech,\" not \"free beer.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some users got their copies of GNU Emacs from me through the net, and did "
+"not pay. Some users got their copies from me on a tape, and did pay. And "
+"some got their copies from someone else, not from me, because everyone who "
+"had a copy was free to redistribute it. And did they pay that somebody else? "
+"Well, I don't know; that was between them. They didn't have to tell me. So "
+"GNU Emacs was gratis for some users and paid for for other users, but it was "
+"free software for all of them, because all of them had certain essential "
+"freedoms, which are the definition of free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So let me now give you the definition of free software. You see, it's very "
+"easy to say \"I'm in favor of freedom.\" I mean, even Bush can say "
+"that. [Laughter] I don't think he knows what it means. But the point is, "
+"unless you make a person get more specific, it's just cheap talk. So let me "
+"give you -- let me get more specific now, and give you the definition of "
+"free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A program is free software for you, a particular user, if you have the "
+"following four freedoms:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program however you like; Freedom 1 is "
+"the freedom to help yourself by studying the source code to see what the "
+"program really does and then changing it to do what you want; Freedom 2 is "
+"the freedom to help your neighbor by distributing copies to others; and "
+"Freedom 3 is the freedom to help build your community, that is the freedom "
+"to publish a modified version so others can benefit from your changes;"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"All four of these freedoms are essential. They are not levels of freedom, "
+"they are four freedoms, all of which you must have in order for the program "
+"to qualify as free software. All of these are freedoms that no computer user "
+"should ever be denied."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[<a "
+"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "7. Freedom 2 moral dilemma"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Why these particular freedoms? Why should we define it this way?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 2 is necessary so that you can live an upright life, so that you can "
+"be ethical, be a good member of society. If you use a program that does not "
+"give you Freedom 2, the freedom to help your neighbor, the freedom to "
+"distribute copies to others, then you are facing a potential moral dilemma "
+"that could happen at any moment, when somebody comes up and says, \"could I "
+"have a copy of that program?\" At that point, what are you going to do? "
+"You're forced to choose between two evils. One evil is to make a copy of the "
+"program for that person and violate the license. The other evil is to comply "
+"with the license, but be a bad neighbor. So you've got to choose the lesser "
+"evil, which is to make a copy for that person and violate the "
+"license. [Laughter, applause]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You see, in this case, this evil is lesser because it's directed at somebody "
+"who intentionally tried to divide you from the rest of society, and thus did "
+"something extremely wrong to you; and therefore deserves it. However, it's "
+"not good to live your life by lying to people. When somebody {asks you to "
+"promise that} says, \"I'll let you have a copy of this, but you'll have to "
+"promise not to share it with anyone,\" the right thing to do is say no. Once "
+"you have thought about this moral dilemma, you should anticipate that when "
+"you start using that program it's going to lead you to choose between two "
+"evils, and therefore you should refuse to use that program. You should just "
+"say \"no, thanks\" to it, and that's the principle that I believe in. If "
+"someone offers me a program that I'm not free to share with you, I'm going "
+"to say no, on principle."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In fact, I was once in the audience when John Perry Barlow was giving a "
+"speech and he said, \"raise your hands if you have no unauthorized copies of "
+"software.\" And he was surprised to see someone raise his hand, until he saw "
+"it was me. And then he said, \"oh, of course, you,\" because he knew why I "
+"have no unauthorized copies; that's because all my copies of software are "
+"free software, and everybody's authorized to make copies. That's the whole "
+"point."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "8. Freedom 2 spirit of good will"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The most essential resource of any society is the spirit of good will, the "
+"willingness to help your neighbor; not necessarily every time you're asked, "
+"but fairly often. This is what makes the difference between a livable "
+"society and a dog-eat-dog jungle. This spirit is not going to be 100% and "
+"it's not going to be zero, but it's going to be somewhere in between -- and "
+"cultural actions can influence it, can raise it or lower it. And it's "
+"essential to work to raise it some, because that makes life easier for "
+"everyone. So it's no accident that the world's major religions have been "
+"encouraging this spirit of good will for thousands of years."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So what does it mean when powerful social institutions say that it's wrong "
+"to share? They're poisoning this vital resource, something no society can "
+"afford. Now what does it mean when they say that if you share with your "
+"neighbor, you're a pirate? They're saying that helping your neighbor is the "
+"moral equivalent of attacking a ship. Well, nothing could be more wrong than "
+"that. Attacking ships is very, very bad; helping your neighbor is good."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And what does it mean when they establish harsh punishments for anyone "
+"caught sharing? How much fear do you think it's going to take before "
+"everyone's too scared to help his neighbor? And do you want that terror "
+"campaign to go on in our society? I hope that the answer is no. We need to "
+"abolish the war on copying that is being imposed on our society. We need to "
+"say, loud and clear, \"copying and sharing with your neighbor is good, it's "
+"legitimate, and laws that prohibit this are wrong.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "9. Freedom 0 to run a program, Freedom 1 to modify it"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So that's the reason for Freedom 2; it's essentially an ethical reason. You "
+"can't live an ethical life if you don't have Freedom 2."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 0 is needed for a completely different reason: so you can control "
+"your own computer. If you are restricted in when or how much or how you can "
+"run the program, clearly you're not using your computer in freedom. So "
+"Freedom 0 is obvious, but freedom 0 is not enough, because with Freedom 0 "
+"all you can do is use the program the way it was programmed by its "
+"developer. You're free to do this [makes hand sign] or nothing. To really be "
+"free, you've got to be in control of what the program does, so you need "
+"Freedom 1, which is the freedom to help yourself, the freedom to study the "
+"source code and then change it to do what you want."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you don't have Freedom 1, you don't know what the program's doing. The "
+"developer is saying, \"just trust me\" and blind faith is the only way you "
+"can do it. And you have to be really blind, given that it's not unusual for "
+"proprietary programs to have malicious features, features that are put in "
+"not to serve the user, but rather to impose on, harm or restrict the "
+"user. For instance, spyware is quite common."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[51 seconds of missing audio were filled in by RMS in Aug 2010]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft Windows spies on the user; specific spy features have been found. "
+"Windows Media Player spies too; it reports to Microsoft whatever the user "
+"looks at."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[End replacement for 51 seconds of missing audio]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"course do it. RealPlayer, for instance, spies on you. The TiVo spies on "
+"you. Some people were excited about the TiVo, enthusiastic about it, because "
+"it uses some free software inside. But it also has non-free software in it "
+"and it spies on you. So this shows it's not enough. We shouldn't cheer when "
+"something uses some free software; we should cheer when it respects the "
+"user's freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "10. DRM, back doors, bugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But spyware is not as bad as it gets. There are non-free software packages "
+"that are deliberately designed to refuse to work. This is called DRM, "
+"Digital Restrictions Management, where the program says, \"I won't let you "
+"look at that file; I won't let you copy this; I won't let you edit this.\" "
+"Well, who the hell is this program to stop you? And sometimes non-free "
+"programs will reconfigure your machine, for instance make it display "
+"advertisements, figuring that you won't know it's going to happen and you "
+"won't know how to undo it afterward."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And sometimes they have actual back doors. For instance, Windows XP has a "
+"back door: when it asks for an upgrade, it tells Microsoft who you are, so "
+"Microsoft can give you an upgrade designed just for you. And this upgrade "
+"could have secret accounts, it could have special spy features, it could "
+"just refuse to work. And there's essentially nothing you can do. So that's "
+"the back door that Microsoft knows about and we know about."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[Added in 2010: We later learned that Microsoft can force \"upgrades\" -- a "
+"much nasteri back door.]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There might be other back doors that we don't know about and maybe even "
+"Microsoft doesn't know about. When I was in India in January, I was told "
+"some programmers in India had been arrested and accused of working for "
+"Al-Qaeda, trying to introduce back doors into Windows XP. So, apparently, "
+"that effort failed. But did some others succeed? There's no way we can tell."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, I won't claim that all developers of non-free software put in malicious "
+"features. There are some who try to put in features so that they will be "
+"convenient for the user and only for that. But they are humans, so they make "
+"mistakes. They can design features with all the best will that you don't "
+"like, or they can write bugs in their code. And when that happens, you're "
+"helpless too; you're the helpless prisoner of any decision that they "
+"make. Whether it's malicious or made with good will, if you don't like it, "
+"you're stuck."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, we, the developers of free software, are also human, we also make "
+"mistakes. I have designed features that users didn't like. I have written "
+"code that had bugs in it. The difference is, {with our} you're not a "
+"prisoner of our decisions, because we don't keep you helpless. If you don't "
+"like my decisions, you can change them, because you have the freedom to "
+"change them. I won't blame the developers of non-free, user-subjugating "
+"software for being human and making mistakes; I will blame them for keeping "
+"you helpless prisoner of their mistakes by denying you the freedom to "
+"correct those mistakes yourself."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "11. Freedom 3 having no master"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But Freedom 1 is not enough. Freedom 1 is the freedom personally to study "
+"and change the source code. Freedom 1 is not enough because there are "
+"millions of users who use computers, but don't know how to program, so they "
+"can't take advantage of Freedom 1, not personally. And Freedom 1 is not "
+"enough even for us programmers, because there's just so much software, even "
+"so much free software, that nobody has the time to study it all and master "
+"it all and make all the changes that she wants."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So the only way we can really, fully have control over our own software is "
+"if we do so together. And that's what Freedom 3 is for. Freedom 3 is the "
+"freedom to publish a modified version, so others can use it too. And this is "
+"what enables us to work together, taking control of our software. Because I "
+"could make this change in a program and publish the modified version, and "
+"then you could make that change and publish the modified version, and "
+"someone else can make that change and publish the modified version. And now "
+"we've got a version with all three changes in it and everybody can switch to "
+"that if everybody likes it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With this freedom, any collectivity of users can take control together and "
+"make the software do what they together want. Suppose there are 1,000,000 "
+"users who would like a certain change. Well, by luck, some of them will be "
+"programmers; let's say there are 10,000 of them who know how to "
+"program. Well, sooner or later, a few of them will make the change and "
+"publish the modified version and then all of those million users can switch "
+"to it. You know, most of them don't know how to program, but they can still "
+"switch to it. So they all get what they want."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now let's suppose there are only 1,000 people who want some other change and "
+"none of them knows how to program. They can still make use of these "
+"freedoms. They can form an organization and each put in money, so if each "
+"puts in $100, that makes $100,000. And at that point they can go to a "
+"programming company and say, \"will you make this change for $100,000 and "
+"when can you have it done?\" And if they don't like the answer from there, "
+"they can go to another programming company and say, \"will you make this "
+"change and when can you have it done?\" Which shows us, first of all, that "
+"these 1,000 users who don't know how to program can, by using the four "
+"freedoms, get the change that they want. And second, it shows that free "
+"software means a free market for support."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software typically means a monopoly for support. Only the "
+"developer has the source code in most cases, so only the developer can offer "
+"any support. If you want a change, you've got to go to the developer and "
+"beg. Now, if you're very big and important, maybe the developer will pay "
+"attention. If you're not, the developer will say, \"go away, don't bother "
+"me.\" Or maybe the developer will say, \"pay us and we'll let you report a "
+"bug.\" And if you do that, the developer will say, \"thank you. In six "
+"months there will be an upgrade. Buy the upgrade and you'll see if this bug "
+"was fixed and you will see what new bugs we have for you.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But with free software, you're dealing with a free market, so that those who "
+"really value support can, in general, get better support for their money by "
+"using free software. Now, one paradoxical consequence of this is, when you "
+"have a choice between several non-free programs to do a job, this is "
+"actually a choice between monopolies. If you pick this program, the support "
+"for it afterwards will be a monopoly. If you pick this program, [points hand "
+"in different direction] the support for it will be a different monopoly, and "
+"if you pick this program, [points hand in different direction] the support "
+"for it will be yet another monopoly. So you're choosing one of these three "
+"monopolies."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, what this shows is that merely having a choice between a discrete set "
+"of options is not freedom. Freedom is something much deeper and much broader "
+"than having a few choices you can make. Many people try to equate freedom "
+"with having some choice and they're missing the point completely. Freedom "
+"means that you get to make the decisions about how to live your life. {It "
+"doesn't mean, you know} Having three choices about being able to choose this "
+"master or this master or this master is just a choice of masters, and a "
+"choice of masters is not freedom. Freedom is having no master."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "12. Copyleft forbidding is forbidden"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I've explained the reasons for the four freedoms. And thus I've explained "
+"to you what free software means. A program is free software for you, a "
+"particular user, if you have all of these four freedoms. Why do I define it "
+"that way? The reason is that sometimes the same code can be free software "
+"for some users and non-free for the rest. This might seem strange, so let me "
+"give you an example to show how it happens."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The biggest example I know of is the X Window System. It was developed at "
+"MIT in the late '80s and released under a license that gave the user all "
+"four freedoms, so if you got X in source code under that license, it was "
+"free software for you. Among those who got it were various computer "
+"manufacturers that distributed UNIX systems. They got the source code for X, "
+"they changed it as necessary to run on their platform, they compiled it and "
+"they put the binaries into their UNIX system, and they distributed only the "
+"binaries to all of their customers under the same license as the rest of "
+"UNIX -- the same non-disclosure agreement. So, for those many users, the X "
+"Window System was no more free than the rest of UNIX. In this paradoxical "
+"situation, the answer to the question \"is X free software or not?\" "
+"depended on where you made the measurement. If you made the measurement "
+"coming out of the developer's group, you'd say, \"I observe all four "
+"freedoms; it's free software.\" If you made the measurement among the users, "
+"you'd say, \"most of them don't have these freedoms; it's not free "
+"software.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The developers of X did not consider this a problem, because their goal was "
+"not to give users freedom, it was to have a big success, and as far as they "
+"were concerned, those many users who were using the X Window System without "
+"freedom were just a part of their big success. But, in the GNU Project, our "
+"goal specifically was to give the users freedom. If what happened to X had "
+"happened to GNU, GNU would be a failure."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I looked for a way to stop this from happening. And the method I came up "
+"with is called copyleft. Copyleft is based legally on copyright law, and you "
+"can think of it as taking copyright and flipping it over to get copyleft."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Here's how it works: we start with a copyright notice which legally doesn't "
+"actually make a difference anymore, but it reminds people that the program "
+"is copyrighted, which means that, by default, it's prohibited to copy, "
+"distribute or modify this program. But then we say, \"you are authorized to "
+"make copies, you are authorized to distribute them, you are authorized to "
+"modify this program and you are authorized to publish modified or extended "
+"versions.\" But there is a condition, and the condition says that any "
+"program you distribute that contains any substantial part of this must, as a "
+"whole, be distributed under these conditions, no more and no less. Which "
+"means that, no matter how many people modify the program or how much, as "
+"long as any substantial amount of our code is in there, that program must be "
+"free software in the same way. In effect, we guarantee that nobody can put "
+"himself between you and me and strip off the freedom and pass the code on to "
+"you missing the freedom. In other words, forbidding is forbidden."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "13. GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft makes the four freedoms into inalienable rights for all users, so "
+"that wherever the code goes, the freedom goes with it. The specific license "
+"that we use to implement the general concept of copyleft is called the GNU "
+"General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. This license is used for "
+"around two thirds or three quarters of all free software packages. But that "
+"still leaves a substantial number that have other licenses. Some of those "
+"licenses are copyleft licenses, some are not. So we have copylefted free "
+"software and we have non-copylefted free software. In both cases, the "
+"developers have respected your freedom; they have not tried to trample your "
+"freedom. The difference is, with copyleft we go further and we actively "
+"defend your freedom against anyone who would try to be a middleman and take "
+"it away from you, whereas the developers of non-copylefted free software "
+"don't do that. They have not tried to take away your freedom, but they don't "
+"actively protect your freedom from anyone else. So I think that they could "
+"do more for the sake of freedom. But they haven't done anything bad; insofar "
+"as they have done things, those things are good. So I won't say that they "
+"are wrong, I will just say that they could do more. I think that they're "
+"making a mistake."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But their work is free software, so it does contribute to our community and, "
+"in fact, that software can be part of a free operating system such as GNU."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "13a. Developing GNU"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"During the 1980s, our work on the GNU Project was to develop or find all "
+"these pieces of GNU so that we could have a complete GNU system. In some "
+"cases, someone else wrote a program and made it free software and we were "
+"able to use it, and that was good because it shortened the work that we had "
+"to do. For instance, the X Window System is one of the programs that was "
+"developed by others for reasons of their own, but they did make it free "
+"software, so we could use it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, people were saying the job was so big, we'd never finish it. Well, I "
+"thought we would eventually get a free operating system but I agreed the job "
+"was big; we had to look for shortcuts. So, for instance, I always wanted to "
+"have windowing facilities in GNU. I had written a couple of window systems "
+"at the AI LAB before even starting GNU, so of course I wanted that in the "
+"system. But we never developed a GNU window system because someone else "
+"developed X first. I looked at it and I said, \"well, it's not copylefted, "
+"but it is free, it's popular, it's powerful, so let's just use it.\" And so "
+"we saved one big chunk of work. So we took it, X, and we put it into the GNU "
+"system and we started making other pieces of GNU work with X. Because the "
+"goal was to have a free operating system, not to have a free operating "
+"system every piece of which had been written purposely by us just for that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "14. Making money off free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, it only happened occasionally that someone else released some free "
+"software that was useful in GNU and when it happened, it was a coincidence, "
+"because they were not writing this software in order to have a free "
+"operating system. So when it happened, that was great, but there were lots "
+"of other pieces we had to develop. Some were developed by staff of the Free "
+"Software Foundation. The Free Software Foundation is a tax-exempt charity to "
+"promote free software which we founded in October, '85, after GNU Emacs' "
+"popularity suggested that people might actually start donating money to the "
+"GNU project. So we founded the Free Software Foundation and it asked for "
+"donations, but also took over selling the tapes of GNU Emacs. And it turns "
+"out that most of the FSF's income for the first many years came from that, "
+"from selling things, from selling copies of software and manuals that "
+"everyone was free to copy. Now this is interesting, because this was "
+"supposedly impossible; but we did it anyway."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now that meant I had to find some other way to make a living. As the "
+"president of the FSF, I did not want to compete with it; I thought that "
+"would be unfair and not correct behavior. So I started making my living by "
+"commissions to change the software I had written and teaching classes about "
+"it. So people would want some change to be made in Emacs or GCC, and they "
+"would think of hiring me, because they figured I was the author so I could "
+"do a better job faster. So I started charging as much as $250 an hour and I "
+"calculated I could make a living in 7 weeks of paid work per year -- and "
+"that meant enough money to spend, an equal amount to save, and an equal "
+"amount for taxes. And [when I reached] that point I figured, \"I won't take "
+"any more paid work this year, I've got other, better things to do.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I've actually had three different free software businesses during the "
+"period I've been working on GNU. I've described two of them; the third one "
+"is, I get paid for some of my speeches. Whether I get paid for this speech, "
+"I don't yet know. [Laughter] I said, \"please pay me what you can.\" Now, I "
+"think Google ought to be able to afford to pay me some handsome amount, but "
+"whether it will, I don't know. Anyway, I figured it's worth doing the speech "
+"just for the good it will do for the movement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "15. Why write free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So this raises the question of why people develop free software. You see, "
+"there are people who believe that no one would ever write software except to "
+"get paid, that that's the only motive that anyone would ever have to write "
+"code. It's amazing, the kind of utterly stupid, simplistic theories that "
+"people will sometimes believe because that's part of a prevailing ideology."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, human nature is very complex. Whatever it is people are doing, they "
+"might do for various reasons. In fact, one person will often have multiple "
+"motives simultaneously for a single act. Nonetheless, there are people who "
+"say, \"if the software is free, that means nobody's paid to write it, so no "
+"one will write it.\" Now, obviously they were confusing the two meanings of "
+"the word \"free,\" so their theory was based on a confusion. In any case, we "
+"can compare their theory with empirical fact and we can see that at least "
+"hundreds, maybe thousands of people are paid to work on free software, "
+"including some people here, I believe, and there are about a million or so "
+"people developing free software at all for the many different reasons they "
+"have. {So to say that nobody} This simplistic theory about motivation is "
+"absurd."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So let's see what motivates people to write free software; what are the real "
+"motives? Well, I don't necessarily know about them. There could always be a "
+"person who has a motive that I don't know about or I've forgotten about. I "
+"can only tell you the motives that I recall encountering."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One motive is political idealism: making the world a better place where we "
+"can live together in freedom. Now, that's a very important motive for me, "
+"but it's not my only motive. And there are others who write free software "
+"and don't agree with that motive at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another motive that's very important is fun. Programming is tremendous "
+"fun. Not for everybody, of course, but for a lot of the best "
+"programmers. And these are the people whose contributions we want most. In "
+"fact, it's so much fun, it's especially fun, when no one can tell you what "
+"to do, which is why so many people who have jobs programming like to write "
+"free software in their spare time."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But this is not the only motive; another motive is to be appreciated. If 1% "
+"of our community is using your program, that's hundreds of thousands of "
+"users. That's a lot of people admiring you."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another related, but different, motive is professional reputation. If 1% of "
+"our community is using your program, you can put that on your resume and it "
+"proves you're a good programmer. You don't even have to go to school."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another motivation is gratitude. If you've been using the community's free "
+"software for years and appreciating it, then when you write a program, "
+"that's your opportunity to pay something back to the community that has "
+"given you so much."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another motivation is hatred for Microsoft. [Laughter] Now, this is a rather "
+"foolish motive, because Microsoft is really just one of many developers of "
+"non-free software and they're all doing the same evil thing. It's a mistake "
+"to focus [solely] on Microsoft, and this mistake can have bad "
+"consequences. When people focus too much on Microsoft, they start forgetting "
+"that all the others are doing something just as bad. And they may end up "
+"thinking that anything that competes with Microsoft is good, even if it is "
+"also non-free software and thus inherently just as evil. Now, it's true that "
+"these other companies have not subjugated as many users as Microsoft has, "
+"but that's not for want of trying; they just haven't succeeded in "
+"mistreating as many people as Microsoft has, which is hardly, ethically "
+"speaking, an excuse. Nonetheless, {when this particular motive motivates} "
+"this motive does motivate people to develop free software, so we have to "
+"count it as one of the motives that has this result."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And another motive is money. When people were being paid to develop free "
+"software, that's part of their motive for the work that they're doing. In "
+"fact, when I was paid to make improvements in various programs I had "
+"written, that money was part of my motive for doing those particular jobs, "
+"too."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[RMS, 2010: A motive I forgot to mention is improving a free program because "
+"you want to use the improvement yourself.]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So there are many possible motives to write free software. And, fortunately, "
+"there are many developers of free software and a lot of free software is "
+"being developed."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "16. The Kernel, Linux"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, during the 1980s we were filling in these missing pieces of the GNU "
+"operating system. By the early '90s we had almost everything necessary. Only "
+"one important piece was missing, one essential piece for an initial system, "
+"and that was the kernel. We started developing a kernel in 1990. {I was "
+"looking for some way to} I was looking for some shortcut, some way we could "
+"start from something existing. I thought that debugging a kernel would be "
+"painful, because you don't get to do it with your symbolic debugger, and "
+"when it crashes, it's sort of annoying."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I was looking for a way to bypass that work, and I found one eventually, "
+"a microkernel called Mach that had been developed as a funded project at "
+"Carnegie Mellon. Now, Mach doesn't have all the features of UNIX; the idea "
+"is, it provides certain general low-level features and you implement the "
+"rest in user programs. Well, that, I thought, would be easy to debug, "
+"because they're user programs; when they crash, the system isn't dead. So "
+"people began working on those user programs, which we called the GNU Hurd, "
+"because it's a herd of GNU servers (you see, gnus live in herds)."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Anyway, I thought that this design would enable us to get the job done "
+"faster, but it didn't work out that way; it actually took many years to get "
+"the Hurd to run, partly because Mach was unreliable, partly because the "
+"debugging environment wasn't very good, partly because it's hard to debug "
+"these multithreaded, asynchronous programs and partly because this was "
+"somewhat of a research project. At least that's as far as I can tell; I was "
+"never involved in the actual development of the Hurd."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for that, because in 1991, Linus "
+"Torvalds, a Finnish college student, developed his own kernel, using the "
+"traditional monolithic design, and he got it to barely run in less than a "
+"year. Initially, Linux --that's what this kernel's name was-- was not free, "
+"but in 1992 he re-released it under the GNU General Public License and at "
+"that point it was free software. And so it was possible, by combining Linux "
+"and the GNU system, to make a complete free operating system. And thus, the "
+"goal we had set out for, that I had announced in 1983, had been reached: "
+"there was, for the first time, a complete modern operating system for modern "
+"computers, and it was possible to get a modern computer and run it without "
+"betraying the rest of humanity, without being subjugated. You could do this "
+"by installing the GNU + Linux operating system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "17. GNU vs. Linux confusion problem freedom"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But the people who combined GNU and Linux got confused and they started "
+"naming the entire thing Linux, which was actually the name of one piece. And "
+"somehow that confusion spread faster than we have been able to correct "
+"it. So I'm sure you've heard many people speaking of Linux as an operating "
+"system, an operating system {most of which} which basically started in 1984 "
+"under the name of the GNU Project."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, this clearly isn't right. This system isn't Linux; it contains Linux, "
+"Linux is the kernel, but the system as a whole is basically GNU. So I ask "
+"you: please don't call it Linux. If you call it Linux, you're giving Linus "
+"Torvalds credit for our work. Now, he contributed one important piece of the "
+"system, but he didn't contribute the biggest part and the overall vision was "
+"there long before he got involved. We started developing the system when he "
+"was in junior high school. So please give us equal mention; surely we "
+"deserve at least that. You can do that by calling the system GNU/Linux, or "
+"GNU+Linux, or GNU&Linux, whichever punctuation mark you feel expresses "
+"it best."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[<a "
+"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html</a>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, of course, part of the reason why I'm asking for this is that we "
+"deserve credit, but that's not really a very important thing. If it were "
+"just a matter of credit, it wouldn't be worth making a fuss about. But there "
+"more at stake here. You see, when people think that the system is Linux, "
+"they then assume incorrectly that it was mainly developed and started by "
+"Linus Torvalds and then they assume incorrectly that the overall vision came "
+"from him, so they look at his vision and follow that. Now, his vision is "
+"apolitical. He's not motivated to fight for freedom. He doesn't believe that "
+"computer users deserve the freedom to share and change software. He has "
+"never supported our philosophy. Well, he has a right to his views and the "
+"fact that he disagrees with us doesn't reduce the value of his contribution."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The reason we have the GNU+Linux system is because of a many-year campaign "
+"for freedom. We in the GNU Project didn't develop Linux, just as we didn't "
+"develop X, or TeX, or various other free programs that are now important "
+"parts of the system. But people who didn't share our values, who weren't "
+"motivated by the determination to live in freedom, would have seen no reason "
+"to aim for a complete system, and they would never have done so, and never "
+"have produced such a thing, if not for us."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But this tends to be forgotten nowadays. You will see, if you look around, "
+"most of the discussion of the GNU system calls it Linux, and tends to refer "
+"to it as \"open source\" rather than as \"free software\", and doesn't "
+"mention freedom as an issue. This issue, which is the reason for the "
+"system's existence, is mostly forgotten. You see many techies who prefer to "
+"think of technical questions in a narrowly technical context, without "
+"looking beyond at social effects of their technical decisions. Whether the "
+"software tramples your freedom or respects your freedom, that's part of the "
+"social context. That's exactly what techies tend to forget or devalue. We "
+"have to work constantly to remind people to pay attention to freedom and, "
+"unfortunately, while we keep doing this, the users of our system often don't "
+"pay attention because they don't know it's our system. They don't know it's "
+"the GNU system, they think it's Linux. And that's why it makes a real "
+"difference if you remind people where the system came from."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People will say to me that it doesn't look good to ask for credit. Well, I'm "
+"not asking for credit for me personally; I'm asking for credit for the GNU "
+"Project, which includes thousands of developers. But they are right, it's "
+"true: people who are looking for some reason to see evil can see evil in "
+"that. So they go on and say, \"you should let it drop, and when people call "
+"the system Linux, you can smile to yourself and take pride in a job well "
+"done.\" That would be very wise advice if the assumption were correct: the "
+"assumption that the job is done."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We've made a great beginning, but that's all. We haven't finished the "
+"job. We will have finished the job when every computer is running a free "
+"operating system and free application programs exclusively. The job is to "
+"liberate the inhabitants of cyberspace. We've made a great beginning; we've "
+"developed free operating systems and free GUI desktops and free office "
+"suites and there are now tens of millions of users of these. But there are "
+"hundreds of millions of users of proprietary systems, so we have a long way "
+"to go. And, despite this wide range of free software, there are still a lot "
+"of application things that there is no free software to do; so we have a lot "
+"more work ahead of us."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We've come in view of finishing the job, you know. Maybe we're only one "
+"order of magnitude away, having come through many orders of magnitude. But "
+"that doesn't mean that what's left is easy. And today we have something that "
+"we didn't have before: we have enemies; powerful, rich enemies, powerful "
+"enough to buy governments."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "18. Enemies of free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the beginning, GNU and the free software movement had no enemies. There "
+"were people who weren't interested, lots of them, but nobody was actively "
+"trying to stop us from developing and releasing a free operating "
+"system. Nowadays, they are trying to stop us and the main obstacle we face "
+"is this, rather than the work itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the US, there are two different laws that prohibit various kinds of free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One of them is the DMCA, which has been used to prohibit the free software "
+"to play a DVD. If you buy a DVD, it's lawful for you to view it in your "
+"computer, but the free software that would enable you to do this on your "
+"GNU/Linux system has been censored in the US. Now, this affects a fairly "
+"narrow range of software: software to view encrypted media. But many users "
+"may want to do that, and if they can't do that with free software, they may "
+"take that as a reason to use non-free software, if they don't value their "
+"freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But the big danger comes from patent law, because the US allows software "
+"ideas to be patented. Now, writing a non-trivial program means combining "
+"hundreds of different ideas. It's very hard to do that if any one of those "
+"ideas might be someone's monopoly. It makes software development like "
+"crossing a mine field, because at each design decision, probably nothing "
+"happens to you, but there's a certain chance that you will step on a patent "
+"and it will blow up your project. And, considering how many steps you have "
+"to take, that adds up into a serious problem. We have a long list of "
+"features that free software packages don't have, because we're scared to "
+"implement them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[<a href=\"http://endsoftpatents.org\";>http://endsoftpatents.org</a>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And now, the FCC is considering applying the broadcast flag regulation to "
+"software. The FCC adopted a regulation {prohibiting digital TV tuners "
+"unless} requiring digital TV tuners to have a mechanism to block copying and "
+"this has to be tamper-resistant, meaning it can't be implemented in free "
+"software. They haven't finished deciding whether this applies to software or "
+"not, but if they do, they will have prohibited GNU Radio, which is free "
+"software that can decode digital TV broadcasts."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Then, there's the threat from hardware that has secret specifications or is "
+"designed to interfere with the user's control. Nowadays there are many "
+"pieces of hardware you can get for your PC whose specifications are "
+"secret. They'll sell you the hardware, but they won't tell you how to run "
+"it. So how do we write free software to run it? Well, we either have to "
+"figure out the specs by reverse engineering or we have to put market "
+"pressure on those companies. And in both cases, we are weakened by the fact "
+"that so many of the users of GNU/Linux don't know why this system was "
+"developed and have never heard of these ideas that I'm telling you "
+"today. And the reason is that, when they hear about the system, they hear it "
+"called Linux and it's associated with the apolitical philosophy of Linus "
+"Torvalds. Linus Torvalds is still working on developing Linux. {which is, "
+"you know} Developing the kernel was an important contribution to our "
+"community. At the same time, he is setting a very public bad example by "
+"using a non-free program to do the job. Now, if he were using a non-free "
+"program privately, I would never even have heard about it and I wouldn't "
+"make a fuss about it. But by inviting the other people who work on Linux to "
+"use it with him, he's setting a very public example legitimizing the use of "
+"non-free software. So when people see that, you know, if they think that's "
+"okay, they can't possibly believe that non-free software is bad. So then, "
+"when these companies say, \"yes, {we support} our hardware supports Linux, "
+"here is this binary-only driver you can install, and then it will work,\" "
+"these people see nothing wrong in that, so they don't apply their market "
+"pressure and they don't feel motivated to help in reverse engineering."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So when we face the various dangers that we must confront, we are weakened "
+"by the lack of resolve. Now, having strong motivation to fight for freedom "
+"won't guarantee that we win all of these fights, but it will sure help. It "
+"will make us try harder, and if we try harder, we'll win more of them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "19. Treacherous computing"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are going to have to politically organize to keep from being completely "
+"prohibited from writing free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Today, one of the most insidious threats to the future of free software "
+"comes from treacherous computing, which is a conspiracy of many large "
+"corporations. They call it \"trusted computing,\" but what do they mean by "
+"that? What they mean is that an application developer can trust your "
+"computer to obey him and disobey you. So, from your point of view, it's "
+"_treacherous computing_, because your computer won't obey you anymore. The "
+"purpose of this plan is that you won't control your computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[<a "
+"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html</a>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And there are various different things that treacherous computing can be "
+"used to do, things like prohibit you from running any program that hasn't "
+"been authorized by the operating system developer. That's one thing they "
+"could do. But they may not feel they dare go that far. But another thing "
+"that they plan to do is to have data that's only available to a particular "
+"application. The idea is that an application will be able to write data in "
+"an encrypted form, such that it can only be decrypted by the same "
+"application, such that nobody else can independently write another program "
+"to access that data. And, of course, they would use that for limiting access "
+"to published works, you know, something to be a replacement for DVDs so that "
+"it would be not only illegal, but impossible to write the free software to "
+"play it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But they don't have to stop at doing this to published data. They could do "
+"it to your data too. Imagine if treacherous computing is common in 10 years "
+"and Microsoft decides to come out with a new version of Word format that "
+"uses treacherous computing to encrypt your data. Then it would be impossible "
+"to write free software to read word files. Microsoft is trying every "
+"possible method to prevent us from having free software to read Word "
+"files. First, they switched to a secret Word format, so people had to try to "
+"figure out the format. Well, we more or less have figured it out. There are "
+"free programs that will read most Word files (not all). But then they came "
+"up with another idea. They said, \"let's use XML.\" Now here's what "
+"Microsoft means when they speak of using XML. The beginning of the file has "
+"a trivial thing that says \"this is XML and here comes binary Word format "
+"data,\" and then there's the binary Word format data and then there's "
+"something at the end that says, \"that was binary Word format data.\" And "
+"they patented this. {so that... I'm not sure} I don't know exactly what the "
+"patent does and doesn't cover, but, you know, there are things we could do, "
+"either reading or writing that file format, probably they could try suing us "
+"about. And I'm sure that, if treacherous computing is available for them to "
+"use, they'll use that too."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is why we have a campaign to refuse to read Word files. Now there are "
+"many reasons you should refuse to read Word files. One is, they could have "
+"viruses in them. If someone sends you a Word file, you shouldn't look at "
+"it. But the point is, you shouldn't even try to look at it. Nowadays there "
+"are free programs that will read most Word files. But it's really better, "
+"better than trying to read the file is if you send a message back saying, "
+"\"please send that to me in a format that isn't secret. It's not a good idea "
+"to send people Word files.\" And the reason is, we have to overcome the "
+"tendency in society for people to use these secret formats for "
+"communication. We have to convince people to insist on publicly documented "
+"standard formats that everyone is free to implement. And Word format is the "
+"worst offender and so that's the best place to start. If somebody sends you "
+"a Word file, don't try to read it. Write back, saying \"you really shouldn't "
+"do that.\" And there's a page in www.gnu.org/philosophy which is good to "
+"reference. It gives an explanation of why this is an important issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[<a "
+"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "20. Help GNU"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, www.gnu.org is the website of the GNU Project. So you can go there for "
+"more information. In the /gnu directory you'll find the history and in the "
+"/philosophy directory you'll find articles about the philosophy of free "
+"software and in the /directory you'll find the Free Software Directory, "
+"which now lists over 3,000 usable free software packages that will run the "
+"on GNU/Linux system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[It is now over 6000, and located in directory.fsf.org]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, I'm about to close my speech, but before I do, I'd like to mention that "
+"I've got some stickers here to give away. These stickers show a flying gnu "
+"and a flying penguin, both rather unrealistic, but they're superheroes. And "
+"{I also have some things} if people don't mind, I've got some things I'm "
+"selling on behalf of the Free Software Foundation, so if you buy them, "
+"you're supporting us. I've got these buttons that say, \"ask me about free "
+"software -- it's all about freedom\" and I've got some GNU keyrings and GNU "
+"pins that are sort of pretty. So you can buy those. You can also support us "
+"by becoming an associate member. Now, you can do that just through our "
+"website, but I also have some cards you can have if you would like to join "
+"[right now]."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "21. Saint Ignucius"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So now I will close my speech by presenting my alter ego. See, people "
+"sometimes accuse me of having a \"holier than thou\" attitude. Now, I hope "
+"that's not true. I'm not going to condemn somebody just for not being as "
+"firmly committed as I am. I will try to encourage him to become more so, but "
+"that's different. So I don't think I really have a \"holier than thou\" "
+"attitude, but I have a holy attitude because I'm a saint; it's my job to be "
+"holy."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[Dons a black robe and a magnetic disk halo]<br /> [Laughter, applause]<br "
+"/> [Richard holds a laptop like a holy book and waves]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "I am Saint Ignucius of the Church of Emacs. I bless your computer, my
child."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Emacs started out as a text editor which became a way of life for many "
+"computer users and then a religion. Does anyone know what the "
+"alt.religion.emacs newsgroup was used for? I know it existed, but since I'd "
+"never read net news, I don't know what was said in it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In any case, now we even have a great schism between two rival versions of "
+"Emacs, and we also have saints; no gods, though."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To be a member of the Church of Emacs, you must recite the Confession of the "
+"Faith: you must say, \"There is no system but GNU, and Linux is one of its "
+"kernels.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Church of Emacs has advantages compared with other churches I might "
+"name. To be a saint in the Church of Emacs does not require celibacy. So if "
+"you're looking for a church in which to be holy, you might consider ours."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, it does require making a commitment to live a life of moral "
+"purity. You must exorcise the evil proprietary operating systems that "
+"possess all the computers under either your practical control or your "
+"authority, and you must install a wholly [i.e., holy] free operating system, "
+"where \"wholly\" can be spelled in more than one way, and then only install "
+"free software on top of that. If you make this commitment and live by it, "
+"then you, too, will be a saint and you, too, may eventually have a halo -- "
+"if you can find one, because they don't make them anymore."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes people ask me if, in the Church of Emacs, it is a sin to use "
+"Vi. Well, it's true that VI-VI-VI is the editor of the Beast, [laughter] but "
+"using a free version of Vi is not a sin, it's a penance."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And sometimes people ask me if my halo is really an old computer "
+"disk. [Points at halo] This is no computer disk, this is my halo. But it was "
+"a computer disk in a previous existence."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So, thank you everyone."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#:
+msgid "[Applause]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "22. About anonymity, credit cards, cell phones"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So I can answer questions for a while."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Yeah, do you know, or can you tell us why Linus Torvalds, "
+"who has very very different attitudes with yours, released Linux under your "
+"[unintelligible]? What motivated him?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> I don't know why Linus Torvalds switched to the GNU GPL for "
+"Linux. You'd have to ask him that. I don't recall ever seeing the reason for "
+"that. I don't know."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Can you say something about the current effort to put "
+"security in the network itself?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> I don't know... he said, \"efforts to plug security into the "
+"network.\" I don't know what that means."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> [unintelligible] remove anonymity from the network
itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Remove anonymity? Well, I don't know about those efforts, "
+"but I think it's horrible. I don't do e-commerce because I don't like to buy "
+"things with credit cards. I want to buy things anonymously and I do so by "
+"paying cash in a store. I don't like giving Big Brother any records about "
+"me. For the same reason, I do not have a cell phone. I don't want to carry a "
+"personal tracking device. We have to fight more to preserve our privacy from "
+"surveillance systems. So, although I'm not familiar with the specific "
+"efforts you're talking about, I find them dangerous, much more dangerous "
+"than computer insecurity. Now, perhaps that's because I'm not a Windows "
+"user; so I have less problem to deal with."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "23. Free formats, copyright, Microsoft"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> No, we can't. Basically he's asking if we can monopolize "
+"file formats. Well, the answer is, we can't do so using our copyright-based "
+"licenses, because copyright does not cover any idea, principle, method of "
+"operation or system; it only covers the details of expression of a work of "
+"authorship. So we can't, using our licenses like the GNU GPL, prohibit "
+"anyone from writing his own code to handle the same format."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We could conceivably get patents; however, it turns out patents are very, "
+"very different from copyright; they have almost nothing in common, and it "
+"turns out it costs a lot of money to get a patent and even more money to "
+"keep the patent going. And the other thing is, {Microsoft doesn't need to "
+"get} you shouldn't assume that what Microsoft is getting a patent on is "
+"important because it's a big improvement. It just has to be "
+"different. Microsoft can get a patent on something about a file format "
+"that's different and then they can force most users to switch over to a new "
+"format that uses that idea. And Microsoft can do this because of its market "
+"power, its control."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We can't do that. The whole thing about the free software is, the developers "
+"don't have any power; the users are in control. We can't force users to "
+"switch over to anything, not even for their own safety."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You know, we've been trying since around 1992 or so to convince users to "
+"stop using GIF format, because that format is patented and some users will "
+"get sued. So we said, \"everybody please stop using GIF format for the sake "
+"of those who get sued if the public uses this format.\" And people haven't "
+"listened. So the thing is, we can't do what Microsoft does, because that's "
+"based on using the power that they have, and since we have chosen to respect "
+"people's freedom, we don't have power over the public."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "24. Dangers of webmail loss of freedom"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> So, when somebody's using Google, they don't have access to "
+"the source code that we use, so they have no way of [unintelligible] what we "
+"do, so using that violates their freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> When a person is accessing the Google server, they don't "
+"have either the binaries or the source code of the program that Google is "
+"using, because it's Google that's using the program; that person is not "
+"using the program. So I wouldn't expect to have the authority to change the "
+"software that's running on your computer. You should have the freedom to "
+"change the software that's running on your computer, but I would never "
+"expect that I would have the freedom to go into your computer and change the "
+"software there. Why should you let me do that? So that's the way I see it "
+"when a person is using Google server to do a search."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, there is a possible danger there. The danger doesn't come from things "
+"like Google. The danger comes from things like Hotmail. When people start "
+"using a server on the net to store their data and to do the jobs that they "
+"really could be doing on their own computer, that introduces a danger. I've "
+"never understood the people who said that thin clients were the future, "
+"because I can't imagine why I would ever do things that way. I've got a PC "
+"and it's capable of doing things like running a mail reader; I'm going to "
+"have the mail on my own computer, I'm not going to leave it on anybody's "
+"server. Especially not a server I have no reason to trust. And these days, "
+"of course, if you allow your personal data to be on somebody's server, you "
+"might as well be handing it straight to Ashcroft and his gestapo."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[RMS, 2010: Gmail is comparable to Hotmail in this regard. See also <a "
+"href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a>
"
+"for another issue that applies to some, but not all, network services.]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> unintelligible"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> He's asking, \"if people were using a thin client and all "
+"the computation were done on a remote server.\" Yes, it does mean that "
+"people lose freedom, because, clearly, you can't change the software that's "
+"set up on somebody else's server, so if you're using the software on "
+"somebody else's server, instead of running it on your own computer, you lose "
+"control. Now, I don't think that's a good thing, and therefore I'm going to "
+"encourage people not to go along with it. People will keep on developing the "
+"software to do these jobs on your own machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"{Leaving so soon? [Laughter] I hope it wasn't something I said. And gee, now "
+"I won't get to meet her. Anyway.}"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "25. Copyright art vs. software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Are the Creative Commons a different denomination of the "
+"same religion or a different religion?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> {Creative Commons} Well, first of all, this isn't a "
+"religion, except as a joke. The Church of Emacs is a joke. Please keep in "
+"mind, taking any church too seriously can be hazardous to your health, even "
+"the Church of Emacs. So this has nothing to do with religion."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is a matter of ethics. It's a matter of what makes for a good society "
+"and what kind of society we want to live in. These are not questions of "
+"dogma, these are questions of philosophy and politics."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Creative Commons licenses are designed for artistic works, and I think "
+"that they are good for artistic works. The issue for artistic works is not "
+"exactly the same as for software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Software is an example of a practical, functional work. You use it do to a "
+"job. The main purpose of a program is not that people will read the code and "
+"think, \"boy, how fascinating, what a great job they did.\" The main purpose "
+"of software is, you run it and it does something. And yes, those people who "
+"are interested in software will also read it and learn, but that's not the "
+"main purpose. It's interesting because of the job it will do, not just "
+"because of how nice it is to read. Whereas with art, the main use of art is "
+"the sensation that you get when you look at it or listen to it. So these are "
+"very different ways of being used and, as a result, the ethical issues about "
+"copying and modification are different."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For practical, functional works, people have to be free with the four "
+"freedoms, including free to publish a modified version. But for art I "
+"wouldn't say that. I think that there's a certain minimum freedom that we "
+"must always have for using any published work, and that is the freedom to "
+"non-commercially distribute verbatim, exact copies. But I wouldn't say that "
+"it has to go further than that necessarily. So I think the Creative Commons "
+"licenses are a very useful and good thing to use for art."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "26. Malicious free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Since everybody has the freedom to modify the code and "
+"republish it, how do you keep out saboteurs?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, you don't. The point is, you can't ever. So you just "
+"look at these different versions and you see which one you actually "
+"like. You can't keep the saboteurs out of non-free software either; in fact, "
+"the developer could be the saboteur. The developers often put in, as I said, "
+"malicious features. And then you're completely helpless. At least with free "
+"software, you can read the source code, you can compare the two versions. If "
+"you're thinking of switching from this version to that version, you can "
+"compare them and see what's different and look for some malicious code."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "27. Patented file formats"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Do you happen to know which popular file formats are secret "
+"and which ones are public?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, of the popular file formats, the only ones that I know "
+"of that are secret are some Microsoft ones. But, on the other hands, there "
+"are others that have patent problems. For instance, there's still a patent "
+"covering LZW compression, which is used in GIF format. And someone has a "
+"patent he claims covers JPEG format and is actually suing a bunch of "
+"companies. And then there's a patent on MP3 audio, so that the free software "
+"MP3 encoders have been driven underground in the US. That's why people "
+"should switch to Ogg Vorbis format. And then, if you look at, say, MPEG-2 "
+"video, there are 39 different US patents said to cover aspects of MPEG-2. So "
+"there are a lot of such problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "28. Games as free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Is there any software that sort of mixes between the "
+"Creative Commons and functional software, such as games or...?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, {you can say that a game} in many cases you can look "
+"at a game as the combination of a program and a scenario. And then it would "
+"make sense to treat the program like a program and the scenario like a work "
+"of fiction. On the other hand, what you see is that it's quite useful for "
+"the users to edit and republish modified versions of these scenarios. So, "
+"although those are like fiction and art, not like software, it really seems "
+"to be useful for users to be free to change them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "29. GPL freedoms for cars, saving seeds"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Do you envision this free software philosophy to go across, "
+"off the boundary to products, commodities..."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> When you say, \"products, commodities,\" could you be "
+"concrete?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> [unintelligible] cars"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> So should the free software philosophy apply to cars? Okay, "
+"well the free software philosophy is, you should be free to copy and modify "
+"them. So, if you have a car copier, I think you should be free to copy any "
+"car. But there are no car copiers, so that really is a meaningless "
+"question. And then, second, modifying. Well, yeah, I think if you've got a "
+"car, you should be free to modify it and, in fact, lots of people do modify "
+"their cars. So, there may be some restrictions on that, but to a large "
+"extent that freedom exists. So what you see is that this isn't really a "
+"meaningful question when you're talking about physical objects. There are, "
+"in general, no copiers for physical objects."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we imagine, someday in the future, that such copiers exist, well that "
+"will be a different situation and yeah, that change would have consequences "
+"for ethics and politics. If we had food copiers, I'm sure that agribusiness "
+"would be trying to forbid people from having and using food copiers. And "
+"that would be a tremendous political issue, just as today there's a "
+"tremendous political issue about whether farmers ought to be allowed to save "
+"seeds. Now, I believe that they have a fundamental right to save seeds and "
+"that it's tyranny to stop them. A democratic government would never do that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "30. No software is better than non-free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> [roughly] Do you see a problem with free software being "
+"under-produced because nobody wants to invest money [unintelligible]?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> I don't know what you mean by \"under-produced.\" We see "
+"that some people develop free software and some don't. So we could imagine "
+"more people developing free software and, if so, we'd have more of it. But, "
+"you see, the tragedy of the commons really is a matter of overuse. And "
+"that's something that can happen maybe with a field, but it doesn't happen "
+"with software; you can't overuse a program, you don't wear it out. So, "
+"really, there's no analogy there."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Well, the example you gave is, let's say there's a useful "
+"program and a thousand people want a change to it. You said they could get "
+"their money together and go hire a programmer to make the change. But each "
+"individual in that group can say, \"well, I'll just let the 999 pay for the "
+"change.\""
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, they can do that, but that would be pretty stupid, "
+"because if they saw that the result was, it wasn't getting done, then if "
+"it's of some importance to them, then they're much better off joining and "
+"contributing their money so that the change gets made. And whether they do "
+"this or not, either way I won't agree that anything tragic has happened. If "
+"they join and they pay for their change and they get it, that's good, and if "
+"they don't join and they don't pay for that change, that's good too; I guess "
+"they didn't want it enough. Either one's okay."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Non-free software is evil and we're better off with nothing than with "
+"non-free software. The tragedy of the commons can happen either through "
+"overuse or under-contribution, but overuse is impossible in "
+"software. Under-contribution happens when a program is proprietary. Then "
+"it's a failure to contribute to the commons. And so I would like that "
+"proprietary software to stop being developed. A non-free program is worse "
+"than no program, because neither one allows you to get a job done in "
+"freedom, but the non-free program might tempt people to give up their "
+"freedom and that's really bad."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "31. Portability of free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Is their a potential conflict between the free software "
+"philosophy and the portability of [unintelligible]?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> No, {I don't see} this makes no sense to me at all. I see no "
+"conflict between the philosophy of free software and portability. And in the "
+"free software world we've worked very hard to achieve portability from all "
+"sides. We make our software very portable and we make our software "
+"standardized so that other people can easily have portability, so we are "
+"aiding portability from every possible direction. Meanwhile, you see "
+"Microsoft deliberately introducing incompatibilities and deliberately "
+"blocking interoperability. Microsoft can do that because it has power. We "
+"can't do that. If we make a program incompatible and the users don't like "
+"it, they can change it. They can change it to be compatible. So we are not "
+"in a position where we could impose incompatibility on anybody, because we "
+"have chosen not to try to have power over other people."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "32. Is some free software obfuscated on purpose?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Something [unintelligible] obfuscated [unintelligible] "
+"understand it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, I disagree with you. Please, this is silly. If you're "
+"saying a program is hard to understand, that's not the same as the people "
+"are restricting it. It's not the same as saying, \"you're forbidden to see "
+"it.\" Now, if you find it unclear, you can work on making it clearer. The "
+"fact is, the developers probably are trying to keep it clear, but it's a "
+"hard job and, unless you want to compare our software with proprietary "
+"software and see which one is clearer, you have no basis to make the claim "
+"that you're making. From what I hear, non-free software is typically much "
+"worse and the reason is that the developers figure no one will ever see it, "
+"so they'll never be embarrassed by how bad it is."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "33. Proprietary keeping an edge"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> You hear the argument a lot from people who manufacture "
+"devices or [unintelligible] hardware that they need to have proprietary "
+"software in order to give them an edge, because, if they gave away the "
+"software for free, then a competitor could manufacture the device "
+"[unintelligible]."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> I don't believe this. I think it's all bullshit, because "
+"there they are competing with each other and each one's saying, \"we need to "
+"make the software proprietary to have an edge over the others.\" Well, if "
+"none of them did it, they might all lose their edge? I mean, so what? We "
+"shouldn't buy this. And I mean, we shouldn't buy what they're saying and we "
+"shouldn't buy their products either."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "34. Forbidding is forbidden how is this freedom?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> I might be saying [unintelligible]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Please don't. The issue that you want to raise may be a good "
+"issue, but please try to raise it in a neutral way, rather than raising it "
+"with an attack."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> There's something in my mind, so I'll just speak up. The "
+"thing is, by actually registering [unintelligible] thing and saying that "
+"\"you can redistribute this software but you have to comply with these four "
+"freedoms,\" is that not restricting my freedom too?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> No, it's restricting you from having power. To stop A from "
+"subjugating B is not a denial of freedom to A, because to subjugate others "
+"is not freedom. That's power."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, there may be people who would like to exercise power and we're stopping "
+"them, but that's good and that's not denying anyone freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I mean, you could just as well say if you're overthrowing a dictator, the "
+"dictator's saying, \"you're taking away my freedom to dictate to everyone!\" "
+"But that's not freedom, that's power."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I'm making the distinction between freedom, which is having control over "
+"your own life, and power, which is having control over other people's "
+"lives. We've got to make this distinction; if we ignore the difference "
+"between freedom and power, then we lose the ability to judge whether a "
+"society is free or not. You know, if you lose this distinction, then you "
+"look at Stalinist Russia and you say, \"well, there was just as much freedom "
+"there, it's just that Stalin had it all.\" No! In Stalinist Russia, Stalin "
+"had power and people did not have freedom; the freedom wasn't there, because "
+"it's only freedom when it's a matter of controlling your own "
+"life. Controlling other people's lives is not freedom at all, not for either "
+"of the people involved."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "35. Can Google help free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> In your opinion, is there anything that Google as a company "
+"could do better in the spirit of free software?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> I actually don't know enough about what Google is doing to "
+"have any opinion. But if Google would like to donate some money to the Free "
+"Software Foundation, we would gladly accept it. {I gather that, I mean} I "
+"met some people here who are working on a particular free program, namely "
+"Linux, the kernel. And I didn't ask actually if they publish their "
+"improvements. [<b>AUDIENCE:</b> They do] Oh good, so that's contributing. I "
+"mean, if you want to contribute to other pieces of free software, that would "
+"be nice too, but I don't know if you have a need to do that. And, of course, "
+"if you ever have a chance to release some other generally useful new piece "
+"of free software, that would be good too."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[RMS, 2010: Google now distributes some large nonfree programs. Some are "
+"written in Javascript, and servers install them without your noticing.]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "36. Free software on windows, good or bad"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "I'll take three more questions."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> So, if I develop free software for a proprietary system "
+"such as Windows, essentially I'm supporting the proprietary system. Am I "
+"doing a good or a bad thing here?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, there's a good aspect and a bad aspect. In regard to "
+"the use of your code, you're respecting other people's freedom, so that's "
+"good, but the fact that it only runs on Windows is bad. So, really, you "
+"shouldn't develop it on Windows. You shouldn't use Windows. Using Windows is "
+"bad. {That is, in itself} It's not as bad as being the developer of Windows, "
+"but it's still bad and you shouldn't do that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> So you're saying, just don't do it at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Yeah, don't use Windows. Use GNU/Linux and develop your free "
+"program for GNU/Linux instead. And then it will be good in both ways."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> But couldn't it open Windows users to this ideology?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> It could, but there's enough free software available for use "
+"on Windows to have that effect. And the thing is, developing software for "
+"Windows is going to create a practical incentive for people to use Windows, "
+"rather than use GNU/Linux. So, please don't."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[RMS, 2010: to put it more clearly, making free programs run also on Windows "
+"can be useful as he said; however, writing a free program only for Windows "
+"is a waste.]"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "37. SCO's suit"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> What would be the impact of SCO winning their argument "
+"against Linux? So what would be the impact on..."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> I don't know, it depends. It would have no effect on the "
+"GPL. But {it might have some effect} some code might have to be removed from "
+"Linux. And whether that would be a big problem or a tiny problem depends on "
+"what code, so there's no way of saying. But I don't think SCO is a real "
+"problem. I think software patents and treacherous computing and hardware "
+"with secret specs, those are the real problems. That's what we've got to be "
+"fighting against."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "38. Stallman's problem typing"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>AUDIENCE:</b> I have a non-ideology question. I'm personally very "
+"interested in your battle with repetitive stress injuries and the impact "
+"that it had on the development of GNU Hurd."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> None, because I was never working on the GNU Hurd. {I've "
+"never} We hired a person to write the GNU Hurd. I had nothing to do with "
+"writing it. And there were a few years when I couldn't type much and then we "
+"hired people to type for me. And then I found, by using keyboards with a "
+"light touch, I could type again."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "39. Open source, good or bad Pat-riot Act."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>AUDIENCE:</b> Can you give us your opinion of open source?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RICHARD:</b> Well, the open source movement is sort of like the free "
+"software movement, except with the philosophical foundation discarded. So "
+"they don't talk about right and wrong, or freedom, or inalienable rights, "
+"they just don't present it in ethical terms. They say that they have a "
+"development methodology that they say typically results in technically "
+"superior software. So they only appeal to practical, technical values."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And what they're saying may be right and if this convinces some people to "
+"write free software, that's a useful contribution. But I think they're "
+"missing the point when they don't talk about freedom, because that's what "
+"makes our community weak, that we don't talk about and think about freedom "
+"enough. People who don't think about freedom won't value their freedom and "
+"they won't defend their freedom and they'll lose it. Look at the USA "
+"Pat-riot Act. You know, people who don't value their freedom will lose it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "40. The end"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So thank you, and if anyone wants to buy any of these FSF things or..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2004, 2010 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided "
+"this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.pot 24 Jan 2011 17:28:06 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-24 12:27-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by Richard Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I fully agree with Jonathan Zittrain's conclusion that we should not abandon "
+"general-purpose computers. Alas, I disagree completely with the path that "
+"led him to it. He presents serious security problems as an intolerable "
+"crisis, but I'm not convinced. Then he forecasts that users will panic in "
+"response and stampede toward restricted computers (which he calls "
+"“appliances”), but there is no sign of this happening."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Zombie machines are a problem, but not a catastrophe. Moreover, far from "
+"panicking, most users ignore the issue. Today, people are indeed concerned "
+"about the danger of phishing (mail and web pages that solicit personal "
+"information for fraud), but using a browsing-only device instead of a "
+"general computer won't protect you from that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, Apple has reported that 25 percent of iPhones have been "
+"unlocked. Surely at least as many users would have preferred an unlocked "
+"iPhone but were afraid to try a forbidden recipe to obtain it. This refutes "
+"the idea that users generally prefer that their devices be locked."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is true that a general computer lets you run programs designed to spy on "
+"you, restrict you, or even let the developer attack you. Such programs "
+"include KaZaA, RealPlayer, Adobe Flash, Windows Media Player, Microsoft "
+"Windows, and MacOS. Windows Vista does all three of those things; it also "
+"lets Microsoft change the software without asking, or command it to "
+"permanently cease normal functioning."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But restricted computers are no help, because they present the same problem "
+"for the same reason."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The iPhone is designed for remote attack by Apple. When Apple remotely "
+"destroys iPhones that users have unlocked to enable other uses, that is no "
+"better than when Microsoft remotely sabotages Vista. The TiVo is designed to "
+"enforce restrictions on access to the recordings you make, and reports what "
+"you watch. E-book readers such as the Amazon “Swindle” are "
+"designed to stop you from sharing and lending your books. Features that "
+"artificially obstruct use of your data are known as Digital Restrictions "
+"Management (DRM); our protest campaign against DRM is hosted at <a "
+"href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org\";>http://defectivebydesign.org</a>. (Our "
+"adversaries call DRM “Digital Rights Management” based on their "
+"idea that restricting you is their right. When you choose a term, you choose "
+"your side.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The nastiest of the common restricted devices are cell phones. They transmit "
+"signals for tracking your whereabouts even when switched “off”; "
+"the only way to stop this is to take out all the batteries. Many can also be "
+"turned on remotely, for listening, unbeknownst to you. (The FBI is already "
+"taking advantage of this feature, and the US Commerce Department lists this "
+"danger in its Security Guide.) Cellular phone network companies regularly "
+"install software in users phones, without asking, to impose new usage "
+"restrictions."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With a general computer you can escape by rejecting such programs. You don't "
+"have to have KaZaA, RealPlayer, Adobe Flash, Windows Media Player, Microsoft "
+"Windows or MacOS on your computer (I don't). By contrast, a restricted "
+"computer gives you no escape from the software built into it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The root of this problem, both in general PCs and restricted computers, is "
+"software controlled by its developer. The developer (typically a "
+"corporation) controls what the program does, and prevents everyone else from "
+"changing it. If the developer decides to put in malicious features, even a "
+"master programmer cannot easily remove them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The remedy is to give the users more control, not less. We must insist on "
+"free/libre software, software that the users are free to change and "
+"redistribute. Free/libre software develops under the control of its users: "
+"if they don't like its features, for whatever reason, they can change "
+"them. If you're not a programmer, you still get the benefit of control by "
+"the users. A programmer can make the improvements you would like, and "
+"publish the changed version. Then you can use it too."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With free/libre software, no one has the power to make a malicious feature "
+"stick. Since the source code is available to the users, millions of "
+"programmers are in a position to spot and remove the malicious feature and "
+"release an improved version; surely someone will do it. Others can then "
+"compare the two versions to verify independently which version treats users "
+"right. As a practical fact, free software is generally free of designed-in "
+"malware."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many people do acquire restricted devices, but not for motives of "
+"security. Why do people choose them?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes it is because the restricted devices are physically smaller. I "
+"edit text all day (literally) and I find the keyboard and screen of a laptop "
+"well worth the size and weight. However, people who use computers "
+"differently may prefer something that fits in a pocket. In the past, these "
+"devices have typically been restricted, but they weren't chosen for that "
+"reason."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now they are becoming less restricted. In fact, the OpenMoko cell phone "
+"features a main computer running entirely free/libre software, including the "
+"GNU/Linux operating system normally used on PCs and servers."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A major cause for the purchase of some restricted computers is financial "
+"sleight of hand. Game consoles, and the iPhone, are sold for an "
+"unsustainably low price, and the manufacturers subsequently charge when you "
+"use them. Thus, game developers must pay the game console manufacturer to "
+"distribute a game, and they pass this cost on to the user. Likewise, "
+"AT&T pays Apple when an iPhone is used as a telephone. The low up-front "
+"price misleads customers into thinking they will save money."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we are concerned about the spread of restricted computers, we should "
+"tackle the issue of the price deception that sells them. If we are "
+"concerned about malware, we should insist on free software that gives the "
+"users control."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Postnote"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Zittrain's suggestion to reduce the statute of limitations on software "
+"patent lawsuits is a tiny step in the right direction, but it is much easier "
+"to solve the whole problem. Software patents are an unnecessary, artificial "
+"danger imposed on all software developers and users in the US. Every program "
+"is a combination of many methods and techniques---thousands of them in a "
+"large program. If patenting these methods is allowed, then hundreds of those "
+"used in a given program are probably patented. (Avoiding them is not "
+"feasible; there may be no alternatives, or the alternatives may be patented "
+"too.) So the developers of the program face hundreds of potential lawsuits "
+"from parties unknown, and the users can be sued as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The complete, simple solution is to eliminate patents from the field of "
+"software. Since the patent system is created by statute, eliminating patents "
+"from software will be easy given sufficient political will. (See <a "
+"href=\"http://www.endsoftpatents.org\";>http://www.endsoftpatents.org</a>.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2008, 2010 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted "
+"worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice, and the "
+"copyright notice, are preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
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