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www/philosophy/po not-ipr.zh-cn.po
|
From: |
DENG Nan |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po not-ipr.zh-cn.po |
|
Date: |
Sun, 05 Sep 2010 20:25:11 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: DENG Nan <monnand> 10/09/05 20:25:11
Added files:
philosophy/po : not-ipr.zh-cn.po
Log message:
Simplified Chinese Translation of philosophy/not-ipr.html
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: not-ipr.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: not-ipr.zh-cn.po
diff -N not-ipr.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ not-ipr.zh-cn.po 5 Sep 2010 20:25:07 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html
+# Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gnu.org article.
+# Deng, Nan <address@hidden>, 2010.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: not-ipr.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-07-29 12:26-0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-05 23:34+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Deng, Nan <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage - "
+"GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"è¿å¨ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯åï¼å®åªæ¯çä¸å»å¾ç¾ - GNU
å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åº"
+"éä¼ (FSF)"
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid ""
+"Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage"
+msgstr
"\\è¿å¨ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯åï¼å®åªæ¯çä¸å»å¾ç¾"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard M. Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼</a> è"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and trademarks—"
+"three separate and different entities involving three separate and different "
+"sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into one pot and call it “"
+"intellectual property”. The distorting and confusing term did not "
+"become common by accident. Companies that gain from the confusion promoted "
+"it. The clearest way out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely."
+msgstr ""
+"ç°å¨åæ¯æµè¡èµ·äºè¿ä¹ä¸ç§åæ³ï¼æçæï¼ä¸å©ååæ
è¿ä¸ä¸ªä¸è¥¿ — æ¬æ¥æ¯ä¸ä¸ª"
+"åç«å¹¶ä¸ä¸åçæ¦å¿µï¼åå«æ¶åäºä¸ç»åç«å¹¶ä¸ä¸åçæ³å¾æ¡æ
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«çæ³å¾æå¨ä¸èµ·ï¼ç¶åæè¿ä¹ä¸é
大æç©ç§°å“ç¥è¯äº§æ"
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+"è°ä¸éä½åãè¦æ³å½»åºçæ¸
æè·¯ï¼è§£å³çæï¼æ们å¾å
æå¼è¿ä¸ªæ¯è¯ã "
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School, the "
+"widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is a fashion "
+"that followed the 1967 founding of the World “Intellectual "
+"Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in recent "
+"years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents the "
+"interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.)"
+msgstr ""
+"æç
§ç°ä»»èäºæ¯å¦ç¦å¤§å¦æ³å¦é¢ç Mark Lemley
ææç说æ³ï¼“ç¥è¯äº§æ”"
+"è¿ä¸æ¯è¯çæµè¡å§äº 1967
å¹´ä¸çç¥è¯äº§æç»ç»ï¼WIPOï¼æç«ä¹åãæè¿å 年对è¿ä¸ªè¯"
+"æ±ç使ç¨åè¶æ¥è¶é¢ç¹ãï¼ä¸çç¥è¯äº§æç»ç»ä»å±äºèåå½ï¼ä½å®é
ä¸å´æ¯ä»£è¡¨çç"
+"æãä¸å©ååæ ææè
çå©çãï¼"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term carries a bias that is not hard to see: it suggests thinking about "
+"copyright, patents and trademarks by analogy with property rights for "
+"physical objects. (This analogy is at odds with the legal philosophies of "
+"copyright law, of patent law, and of trademark law, but only specialists "
+"know that.) These laws are in fact not much like physical property law, but "
+"use of this term leads legislators to change them to be more so. Since that "
+"is the change desired by the companies that exercise copyright, patent and "
+"trademark powers, the bias introduced by the term “intellectual "
+"property” suits them."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ä¸ªè¯æä½ç°çåè§æ¯æ¾èæè§çï¼å®æ示äºäººä»¬ï¼å»å©ç¨ç±»æ¯çæ¹æ³èèçææ³ãä¸"
+"å©æ³ååæ
æ³ï¼æè¿äºæ³å¾ä¸é对ç©çå®ç©ç产ææ³ç±»æ¯èµ·æ¥ãï¼è¿ä¸ªç±»æ¯æ¬èº«ä¸çæ"
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æ³å¨æ³çä¸åå¨çä¸ä¸è´ãä½è¿å¾å¾åªæä¸å®¶è½åç°ãï¼èè¿äºæ³"
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+"åå¼å¯¼çç«æ³è
们常常æ²è§£æ¬æãèè¿ç§æ²è§£æ°æ°æ¯é£äºæ¥æçåç§çæãä¸å©ååæ
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+"çå
¬å¸æææçã籓产æ”ä¸è¯æ带æ¥çåè§ï¼æ°å¥½ç¬¦åäºä»ä»¬çå¿æã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The bias is reason enough to reject the term, and people have often asked me "
+"to propose some other name for the overall category—or have proposed "
+"their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions include IMPs, for "
+"Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for Government-Originated Legally "
+"Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of “exclusive rights regimes”, "
+"but referring to restrictions as “rights” is doublethink too."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æ¤åè§ç»äºæ们足å¤ççç±å»æå¼è¿ä¸ªè¯ãå¾å¤äººä¹æ¾æ议让æç»è¿ç±»ä¸è¥¿å个åé"
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+"æ¿çæ§åæ³å¼ºå¶åæ”ï¼Government-Originated Legally Enforced "
+"Monopolies,
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+"rights
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+"äºï¼<a href=\"#TransNote1\">è¯æ³¨1</a>ï¼ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some of these alternative names would be an improvement, but it is a mistake "
+"to replace “intellectual property” with any other term. A "
+"different name will not address the term's deeper problem: "
+"overgeneralization. There is no such unified thing as “intellectual "
+"property”—it is a mirage. The only reason people think it makes "
+"sense as a coherent category is that widespread use of the term has misled "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿äºæ¿ä»£è¯å¾å¾æ¯åè¯æäºä¸å°çæ¹è¿ãä¸è¿æ
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+"ä¹ï¼é½æ¯ä¸ªé误ãå纯æ¢ä¸ªè¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸è½è§£å³æ·±å±æ¬¡çé®é¢ï¼è¿åº¦æ¦æ¬ãè¿ä¸çä¸åæ
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+"å°ä½¿ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯æ带æ¥ç误导ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” is at best a catch-all to lump "
+"together disparate laws. Nonlawyers who hear one term applied to these "
+"various laws tend to assume they are based on a common principle and "
+"function similarly."
+msgstr ""
+"“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯ï¼å
å
¶éå°±åªè½ç¨æ¥æåç§ä¸åæ³å¾æåå¨ä¸èµ·ï¼ç¶åå¼"
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+"äºç¸åçååï¼å¹¶ä¸æ§è¡ç±»ä¼¼çåè½ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nothing could be further from the case. These laws originated separately, "
+"evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and "
+"raise different public policy issues."
+msgstr ""
+"å½±åå°è¿ä»½ä¸ï¼é£å¯ç称å¾ä¸æ¯æ·±è¿äºãå
¶å®è¿äºæ³å¾é½æ¯åèªç¬ç«äº§çï¼æçä¸åç"
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Œ
±æ¿çé®"
+"é¢ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art, and covers the "
+"details of expression of a work. Patent law was intended to promote the "
+"publication of useful ideas, at the price of giving the one who publishes an "
+"idea a temporary monopoly over it—a price that may be worth paying in "
+"some fields and not in others."
+msgstr ""
+"çææ³è¢«è®¾è®¡ç¨ä»¥é¼å±åæ¨å¨åä½åææ¯ãå®è¦çäºæ´ä¸ªåä½å®ç°çæ¯ä¸ªç»èãä¸å©æ³"
+"åæå¨æ¨è¿å®ç¨åæçåå¸ãéè¿å¨ä¸å®æ¶æå
ï¼èµäºåæè
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+"å°æ¤ç®ç—è¿ä¸åææå¨æäºé¢åå¯è½æ¯å¼å¾ç»çï¼èæäºé¢åä¸åä¸å¼å¾ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular way "
+"of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are buying. "
+"Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual "
+"property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides "
+"incentives for advertising."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¸åï¼åæ
æ³åä¸æ¯ç¨ä»¥æ¨å¨ä»ä¹ç¹æ®æ´»å¨ãå®åªæ¯ç¨æ¥è®©æ¶è´¹è
们ç¥éèªå·±ä¹°äºä»"
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们ç±äºè¢«“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸ªè¯å½±åï¼è®¤ä¸ºåæ
æ³æ¯ç¨ä»¥æ¨å¨å¹¿"
+"åå®£ä¼ çã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since these laws developed independently, they are different in every "
+"detail, as well as in their basic purposes and methods. Thus, if you learn "
+"some fact about copyright law, you'd be wise to assume that patent law is "
+"different. You'll rarely go wrong!"
+msgstr ""
+"ç±äºè¿äºæ³å¾æ¯ç¬ç«å°åå±èµ·æ¥çï¼å
æ¤å®ä»¬å¨å个ç»èä¸é½ææä¸åï¼å¨å®ä»¬çæ ¹æ¬"
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å¦äºä¸äºçææ³çç¥è¯ä¹åï¼è½å¤åºå对å¾
ä¸"
+"å©æ³ï¼é£ä½ å°±å¾å°ç¯éäºã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People often say “intellectual property” when they really mean "
+"some larger or smaller category. For instance, rich countries often impose "
+"unjust laws on poor countries to squeeze money out of them. Some of these "
+"laws are “intellectual property” laws, and others are not; "
+"nonetheless, critics of the practice often grab for that label because it "
+"has become familiar to them. By using it, they misrepresent the nature of "
+"the issue. It would be better to use an accurate term, such as “"
+"legislative colonization”, that gets to the heart of the matter."
+msgstr ""
+"人们说“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çæ¶åï¼å¾å¾æ¯æ代çä¸äºæ´å¤§æè
æ´å°çé¢åãæ¯å¦"
+"说ï¼ä¸äºå¯å¼ºçå½å®¶å¾å¾ç»è´«å°å½å®¶å¼ºå
ä¸äºä¸å¹³ççæ³å¾ï¼ä»ä¸æ¦¨åå©çãè¿å
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+"äºå°±æ¯æè°ç“ç¥è¯äº§æ”æ³ï¼è¿æä¸äºåä¸æ¯ãå¯æ¯æ¹è¯äººå£«æ»æ¯å欢æ"
+"ç“ç¥è¯äº§æ”çæ ç¾å°å¤ä¹±è´´ï¼å
为ä»ä»¬æ´çæè¿äºå
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+"ä¸ï¼ä»ä»¬å¾å¾é误å°è§£è¯»äºè¿äºé®é¢ãè¿æ¶åå°±éè¦äºæ´å®½æ³çè¯ï¼æ¯å¦“æ³å¾æ®"
+"æ°”ï¼è¿æç®æ¯è¯´å°ç¹ä¸ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law professors "
+"who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the seductiveness of the "
+"term “intellectual property”, and make general statements that "
+"conflict with facts they know. For example, one professor wrote in 2006:"
+msgstr ""
+"å¯ä¸æ¢æ¯å¤è¡ä»¬å¯¹“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸è¯æ±è¿·è¿·ç³ç³ï¼å°±è¿æè¿äºæ³å¾çæ³å¾"
+"ç³»ææä¹å¸¸å¸¸è¢«“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯è¿·å¾å¤´èæ··ä¹±ãç¶åååºäºæ³æ³çç»è®ºï¼"
+"çè³åä»ä»¬å·²ç¥çäºå®ç¸è¿èãæ¯å¦è¯´ï¼æ个ææå¨2006å¹´å°±è¿æ
·åéï¼"
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Unlike their descendants who now work the floor at WIPO, the framers of the "
+"US constitution had a principled, procompetitive attitude to intellectual "
+"property. They knew rights might be necessary, but…they tied "
+"congress's hands, restricting its power in multiple ways."
+msgstr ""
+"å½å¹´ç¾å½å®ªæ³çèµ·èè
们ï¼è½ç¶ä»ä»¬æ²¡ç«¯åå¨WIPOç大å¦ä¸ï¼ä½å¯¹äºç¥è¯äº§æï¼ä»ä»¬æ"
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è¿æ度ãä»ä»¬ç¥éï¼èµäºåä½è
ï¼ä¸å®çæå©æ¯å¿
é¡»çï¼ä½æ¯…ä»"
+"们å´åå¾éè¿å®ªæ³çµä½å½ä¼çåæï¼ä»¥å¤ç§æ¹å¼ï¼å¶çº¦å®çæå©ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That statement refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US "
+"Constitution, which authorizes copyright law and patent law. That clause, "
+"though, has nothing to do with trademark law or various others. The term "
+"“intellectual property” led that professor to make false "
+"generalization."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ä¸éå¶æ¯æç¾å½å®ªæ³ç¬¬ä¸æ¡ç¬¬å
«æ¬¾ä¸çéè¿°ãçææ³åä¸å©æ³åç´æ¥ææäºè¯¥æ¬¾ãä¸"
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+"”è¿ä¸æ¯è¯ï¼ä¸ä¸åæèå´å°±æ©å¤§äºï¼å¯¼è´äºé误å°æ³åã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” also leads to simplistic "
+"thinking. It leads people to focus on the meager commonality in form that "
+"these disparate laws have—that they create artificial privileges for "
+"certain parties—and to disregard the details which form their "
+"substance: the specific restrictions each law places on the public, and the "
+"consequences that result. This simplistic focus on the form encourages an "
+"“economistic” approach to all these issues."
+msgstr ""
+"“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸è¯´æ³è¿å¯¼è´äºæç»´çç®åãå®å¼å¯¼ç人们æç²¾åé½éä¸å¨"
+"è¿äºä¸åçæ³å¾æ¡æä¹é´ä»
æçé£ä¹ç¹å
±æ§ä¸—ä»ä»¬é½éè¦äººä¸ºå°ä¸ºæ人æç»ç»å"
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ä¸äºç¹æ—ï¼è¿è让人们忽è§äºå®è´¨ä¸çç»èï¼æ¯ç»ä¸åçæ³å¾å¯¹äºå
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¶åæãå纯å°æç²¾åéä¸å¨å½¢å¼ä¸ï¼é
å°±äºä¸ç§åæè¿ç±»é®é¢ç“ç»æµ"
+"å¦ç”æ¹æ³ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Economics operates here, as it often does, as a vehicle for unexamined "
+"assumptions. These include assumptions about values, such as that amount of "
+"production matters while freedom and way of life do not, and factual "
+"assumptions which are mostly false, such as that copyrights on music "
+"supports musicians, or that patents on drugs support life-saving research."
+msgstr ""
+"ç»æµå¦å¨è¿éå¼å§åæ¥ä½ç¨äºãå®åä¸æ¬¡è¢«äººä»¬ææï¼ä¾ç¶è¢«ç¨å¨ä¸äºæªè¢«æ£éªçåæ"
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究ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term “"
+"intellectual property”, the specific issues raised by the various laws "
+"become nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics of each "
+"law—precisely what the term “intellectual property” "
+"encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue relating to copyright "
+"law is whether music sharing should be allowed; patent law has nothing to do "
+"with this. Patent law raises issues such as whether poor countries should "
+"be allowed to produce life-saving drugs and sell them cheaply to save lives; "
+"copyright law has nothing to do with such matters."
+msgstr ""
+"ç±æ¤å¸¦æ¥äºå¦å¤ä¸ä¸ªé®é¢ï¼ç±äº“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸ªè¯æ¬èº«è¿äºæ³æ³ï¼èç¹å®"
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³çé®é¢ï¼å享é³ä¹æ¬èº«æ¯å¦åºè¯¥è¢«ç¦æ¢ï¼ä¸å©æ³ååæ
¹ä¸ä¼æ¶åå°è¿é®é¢ãä¸å©æ³å"
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³ä¹æ§å½çè¯ç©ï¼å¹¶è½å¤ä»¥ä½"
+"ä»·åºå®æ人ä¸å½ï¼èè¿åä¸å
³çææ³ä»ä¹äºäºã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Neither of these issues is solely economic in nature, and their noneconomic "
+"aspects are very different; using the shallow economic overgeneralization as "
+"the basis for considering them means ignoring the differences. Putting the "
+"two laws in the “intellectual property” pot obstructs clear "
+"thinking about each one."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿é没æä¸ä¸ªé®é¢æ¯å纯å°ç»æµé®é¢ãèå®ä»¬éç»æµçä¸é¢ååæä¸åãè¤æµ
å°ç¨ç»æµ"
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è§å®ä»¬çä¸åãæè¿ä¸¤å¥æ³å¾æ¾å¨"
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éä¹±æ
åï¼åªè½è®©äººä»¬å¯¹è¿ä¸¤å¥æ³å¾è¶æ¥è¶æ¨¡ç³ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, any opinions about “the issue of intellectual property” "
+"and any generalizations about this supposed category are almost surely "
+"foolish. If you think all those laws are one issue, you will tend to choose "
+"your opinions from a selection of sweeping overgeneralizations, none of "
+"which is any good."
+msgstr ""
+"å æ¤ï¼ä»»ä½å
³äºæè°ç“ç¥è¯äº§ææ¹é¢çé®é¢”ï¼ææ¯ä»»ä½å¯¹äºè¿ä¸ªæ
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è¯å¾æè¿äºææçæ³å¾å½ä½ä¸ä¸ªé®é¢æ¥å¯¹"
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ï¼é£ä¹ä½
å°±ä¼å¾åäºä»ä¼å¤è¿åº¦æ¦æ¬çæè§ä¸éæ©ä¸ä¸ªï¼èè¿äºæè§ä¸ä¸ªä¹ä¸æä¹"
+"æ ·ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, or "
+"copyrights, or trademarks, or various other different laws, the first step "
+"is to forget the idea of lumping them together, and treat them as separate "
+"topics. The second step is to reject the narrow perspectives and simplistic "
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+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
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+# type: Content of: <div><p>
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+"Copyright © 2004, 2006 Richard M. Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
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+"in any medium provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
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+msgstr ""
+"<b>ç¿»è¯ï¼</b>Deng, Nan <address@hidden> <br />\n"
+"<b>å®¡æ ¡ï¼</b>æå¡å¸ 2010"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
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+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "æåæ´æ°"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr "å
¶ä»è¯è¨"
- www/philosophy/po not-ipr.zh-cn.po,
DENG Nan <=