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www/philosophy free-sw.af.html free-sw.ar.html ...
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
Subject: |
www/philosophy free-sw.af.html free-sw.ar.html ... |
Date: |
Fri, 29 Jan 2010 09:26:00 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 10/01/29 09:26:00
Modified files:
philosophy : free-sw.af.html free-sw.ar.html free-sw.bg.html
free-sw.fr.html free-sw.sk.html free-sw.sr.html
free-sw.tr.html x.fr.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.af.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.57&r2=1.58
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
Patches:
Index: free-sw.af.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.af.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- free-sw.af.html 26 Nov 2009 09:26:09 -0000 1.14
+++ free-sw.af.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:51 -0000 1.15
@@ -44,19 +44,20 @@
<li>Die vryheid om kopieë te herversprei sodat jy jou naaste kan help
(vryheid 2).
</li>
- <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and
-modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community
-benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others
+(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to
+benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for
+this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-'n Program is vrye sagteware as gebruikers al hierdie vryhede geniet. Dus
-behoort dit jou vry te staan om kopieë te herversprei, hetsy met of
-sonder veranderinge, hetsy gratis of deur 'n verspreidingsfooi te vra, vir
-<a href="#exportcontrol">enigeen op enige plek</a>. Om vry te wees om
-hierdie dinge te doen beteken (onder andere) dat jy nie vir toestemming hoef
-te vra of te betaal nie.
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you
+should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications,
+either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these things
+means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission
+to do so.
</p>
<p>
@@ -69,33 +70,31 @@
</p>
<p>
-Die vryheid om 'n program te hardloop beteken dat enige soort persoon of
-organisasie vry is om dit op enige soort rekenaarstelsel te gebruik vir
-enige soort werk of doeleinde, sonder dat daar vereis word om dit an die
-ontwikkelaar of enige besondere instansie tekommunikeer. Met hierdie
-vryheid is die gebruiker se doelwit belangriker, nie die ontwikkelaar s'n
-nie; jy as 'n gebruiker is vry om 'n program te gebruik vir jou doeleindes
-en as jy dit aan iemand anders versprei, is daardie persoon dan vry om dit
-vir sy eie doeleindes te gebruik en is jy nie geregtig om beperkinge op
-daardie persoon telê nie.
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or
+organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with
+the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the
+<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose;
+you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you
+distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes,
+but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
</p>
<p>
-Die vryheid om kopieë te herversprei moet binêre of uitvoerbare
-vorms van die program, asook die bronkode insluit vir beidie onveranderde en
-veranderde weergawes. (Die verspreiding van programme in uitvoerbare
-vorm is nodig vir gerief van installasie op vrye bedryfstelsels) Dit
-is aanvaarbaar as daar geen manier is om 'n binêre of uitvoerbare vorm
-van 'n sekere program te skep nie (aangesien sekere tale hierdie kenmerk nie
-ondersteun nie), maar jy behoort die vryheid te hê om sulke vorme te
-versprei as jy 'n manier vind of ontwikkel om dit te kan maak.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no
+way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some
+languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to
+redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
</p>
<p>
-Ten einde die vryheid om veranderinge te maak en verbeterde weergawes te
-implementeer, betekenisvol te maak, moet jy toegang tot die bronkode van die
-program hê. Daarom is toegang tot die bronkode 'n voorvereiste vir
-vrye sagteware.
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom
+to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to the
+source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+necessary condition for free software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -112,9 +111,18 @@
<p>
One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot
-merge in a suitably-licensed existing module, such as if it requires you to
-be the copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too
-restrictive to qualify as free.
+merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as free
+software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
+other words, it does not have to be a <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
+that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
+license.
</p>
<p>
@@ -135,8 +143,8 @@
</p>
<p>
-<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q> A free program
-must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
+<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q> A free program must
+be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual;
such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to
get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
@@ -160,9 +168,9 @@
such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
at all.) Rules that require release of source code to the users for
versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. It is also
-acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a
-modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must
-send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.
+acceptable for the license to require that you identify your modifications
+as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous
+developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one.
</p>
<p>
@@ -171,7 +179,7 @@
legally for everyone. But <a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
-<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
ethical.
</p>
@@ -196,35 +204,32 @@
</p>
<p>
-Die meeste vrye sagteware lisensies is gebaseer op kopiereg en daar bestaan
-beperkinge op watter soorte vereistes deur middel van kopiereg opgelê
-kan word. As 'n kopiereggebaseerde lisensie vryheid op bostaande wyse
-beskryf respekteer is dit onwaarskynlik dat daar die een of ander probleem
-sou opduik wat nie voorsien kon word nie (alhoewel dit van tyd tot tyd wel
-gebeur). Sommige vrye sagteware lisensies is egter gebaseer op kontrakte en
-kontrakte kan 'n baie weier reeks beperkinge oplê. Dit beteken dat daar
-baie moontlike maniere is waarop so 'n lisensie onaanvaarbaar beperkend en
-nie-vry kan wees nie.
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on
+what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is
+unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Dit is onmoontlik om al die maniere te lys waarop dit moontlik kan gebeur.
-As 'n kontrakgebaseerde lisensie 'n gebruiker op 'n ongewone wyse beperk wat
-nie moontlik is met lisensies wat op kopiereg gegrond is nie en wat nie hier
-as aanvaarbaar gelys word nie, sal dit waarskynlik oorweeg moet word en in
-alle waarskynlikheid nie aanvaar word as vrye sagteware nie.
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based
+license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
+about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Wanneer daar oor vrye sagteware gepraat word is dit beter om begrippe soos
-"weggee" of "gratis" te gebruik omadt daardie begrippe impliseer dat dit oor
-prys alleen gaan en nie vryheid nie. Sommige algemene begrippe soos
-kopieregskending (piracy) sluit opinies in wat ons hoop u nie ondersteun
-nie. <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Sien
-verwarrende woorde en frases wat vermy moet word</a> vir 'n bespreking oor
-hierdie begrippe. Daar is ook 'n lys van <a
-href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-translations.html">vertalings van vry
-sagteware</a> in verskeie tale.
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+<q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that the
+issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as <q>piracy</q>
+embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that are
+Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of
+proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of <q>free
+software</q></a> into various languages.
</p>
<p>
@@ -253,17 +258,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-As u oorweeg om 'n nuwe lisensie te skryf, kontak asseblief die Vrye
-sagtewarestigting (FSF) by die bogenoemde adres. Die vervuiling van
-sagteware lisensies beteken dat daar van gebruikers meer werk geverg word om
-hierdie lisensies te verstaan; ons mag kan help om 'n bestaande sagteware
-lisensie te vind wat aan u behoeftes voldoen.
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free
+Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of
+different free software licenses means increased work for users in
+understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free
+software license that meets your needs.
</p>
<p>
-As dit nie moontlik is nie en u regtig 'n nuwe lisensie benodig, kan ons u
-help om te verseker dat die lisensie werklik 'n Vrye Sagteware lisensie is
-en sodoende verskeie praktiese probleme vermy.
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you
+can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid
+various practical problems.
</p>
<h2 id="beyond-software">Verder as Sagteware</h2>
@@ -307,6 +312,17 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies of
+your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate in someone
+else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as free
+software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Version
1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical; i.e., no
tivoization.</li>
@@ -426,7 +442,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Opgedateer:
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:09 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-sw.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- free-sw.ar.html 27 Oct 2009 20:26:13 -0000 1.20
+++ free-sw.ar.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:51 -0000 1.21
@@ -42,16 +42,20 @@
</li>
<li>ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ ÙعÙدÙا ستتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ù
ساعدة جار٠(ØرÙØ© 2).
</li>
- <li>ØرÙØ© تØسÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ùإصدار تØسÙÙاتÙ
(ÙاÙÙسخ اÙÙ
عدÙØ© بشÙ٠عاÙ
) ÙÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø
-ÙعÙدÙا ÙستÙÙد اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙÙÙ (اÙØرÙØ© 3). اÙÙصÙÙ
Ø¥Ù٠اÙØ´ÙÙرة اÙÙ
صدرÙØ© ÙازÙ
ÙÙذا.
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others
+(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to
+benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for
+this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø§ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Øرا إذا اÙ
تÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ùذ٠اÙØرÙات. ÙØ°ÙÙØ Ùجب أ٠تÙÙÙ Øرا
-Ù٠إعادة تÙزÙع ÙØ³Ø®Ø Ø³Ùاء٠Ù
ع أ٠بدÙÙ
تعدÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø³Ùاء٠Ù
جاÙا أ٠بÙ
Ùاب٠أجر
-ÙÙتÙزÙØ¹Ø <a href="#exportcontrol">Ùأ٠شخص Ù٠أ٠Ù
ÙاÙ</a>. ÙÙÙÙ Øرا ÙÙع٠ÙØ°Ù
-اÙأشÙاء ÙعÙ٠ضÙ
Ù Ù
ا ÙعÙÙ٠أÙÙ Ùا تطاÙب
باÙدÙع Ùأج٠اÙإذÙ.
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you
+should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications,
+either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these things
+means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission
+to do so.
</p>
<p>
@@ -61,26 +65,31 @@
</p>
<p>
-ØرÙØ© تشغÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج تعÙÙ ØرÙØ© أ٠إÙسا٠أ٠Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø© Ù٠استخداÙ
٠عÙ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
-ØاسÙØ¨Ø ÙØ£Ù ÙÙع Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
ات ÙاÙأغراض بدÙ٠أÙ
ÙÙÙÙ Ù
طاÙبا باÙØ¥Ùشاء عÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ø·Ùر
-Ø£Ù ÙØ£Ù ÙÙا٠آخر. ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø ØºØ±Ø¶ <em>اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
</em> Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø ÙÙÙس غرض
-<em>اÙÙ
Ø·Ùر</em>Ø Ø£Ùت ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Øر Ù٠تشغÙÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙØ£Ù ØºØ±Ø¶Ø Ùإذا ÙزÙعت٠إÙÙ
-أ٠شخص Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙ Øر ØÙÙئذ بتشغÙÙÙ ÙأغراضÙØ
ÙÙÙÙ٠غÙر Ù
ÙØ®Ù٠بÙرض أغراض٠عÙÙÙ.
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or
+organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with
+the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the
+<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose;
+you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you
+distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes,
+but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
</p>
<p>
-ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع اÙÙسخ Ùجب أ٠تتضÙ
Ù
اÙÙÙئتÙ٠اÙØ«ÙائÙØ© أ٠اÙتشغÙÙÙØ© ÙÙبرÙاÙ
جØ
-باÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙد اÙÙ
صدرÙØ ÙÙÙا
اÙإصدارÙ٠اÙÙ
عد٠ÙغÙر اÙÙ
عدÙ. (تÙزÙع
-اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بصÙغة ÙابÙØ© ÙÙتشغÙ٠ضرÙر٠ÙÙ
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØرة اÙÙابÙØ©
-ÙÙتثبÙت.) Ùا Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© إذا ÙÙ
تÙجد طرÙÙØ© ÙتÙÙÙد
ÙÙئة Ø«ÙائÙØ© Ø£Ù ÙابÙØ© ÙÙتشغÙÙ
-ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙÙ (بعض اÙÙغات Ùا تدعÙ
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ùزة)Ø ÙÙÙ Ùجب أ٠تÙ
تÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة
-تÙزÙع Ùذ٠اÙÙÙئات ÙÙ Øا٠ÙجدتÙا Ø£Ù Ø·ÙرتÙا.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no
+way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some
+languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to
+redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
</p>
<p>
-Ùجع٠ØرÙت٠إجراء اÙتغÙÙØ±Ø§ØªØ ÙÙشر اÙÙسخ اÙÙ
ÙØسÙÙØ©Ø Ø°Ø§Øª Ù
عÙÙØ Ùجب أ٠تÙ
تÙÙ
-اÙÙصÙÙ ÙÙÙÙد اÙÙ
صدر٠ÙÙبرÙاÙ
ج. ÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø¥ØªØ§ØØ©
اÙÙÙد اÙÙ
صدر٠أÙ
ر ضرÙر٠ÙØرÙØ©
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات.
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom
+to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to the
+source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+necessary condition for free software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -95,9 +104,20 @@
</p>
<p>
-طرÙÙØ© ÙاÙ
Ø© ÙتعدÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù٠ع٠طرÙ٠دÙ
جÙ
باÙÙØدات ÙاÙÙ
خططات اÙØرة. إذا ÙاÙت
-رخصة اÙبرÙاÙ
ج تÙÙ٠أÙÙ Ùا تستطÙع دÙ
جÙ
بÙØدة Ù
ÙجÙØ¯Ø©Ø Ù
ث٠اشتراطÙا أ٠تÙÙÙ
-Ù
اÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر ÙØ£Ù ÙÙد تضÙÙÙØ ØÙÙÙا
اÙرخصة Ù
ÙÙدة جدا ÙÙصÙÙا ÙØرة.
+One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
+subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot
+merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as free
+software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
+other words, it does not have to be a <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
+that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
+license.
</p>
<p>
@@ -115,13 +135,14 @@
</p>
<p>
-<q>اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</q> Ùا تعÙÙ <q>غÙر
اÙتجارÙØ©.</q> اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØر Ùجب Ø£Ù
-ÙØªØ§Ø ÙÙاستخداÙ
اÙتجار٠ÙاÙتطÙÙر اÙتجارÙ
ÙاÙتÙزÙع اÙÙجارÙ. اÙتطÙÙر اÙتجارÙ
-ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
Ùعد غرÙØ¨Ø§Ø Ø¨Ø±Ù
جÙات Øرة
تجارÙØ© Ù
Ù
اثÙØ© Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© جدا. Ùد تÙÙÙ
-دÙعت Ù
اÙا ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ùسخة اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØرة
Ø£Ù Ùد تÙÙ٠سعÙت ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ùسخة
-بدÙÙ Ù
ÙابÙ. ÙÙ٠بغض اÙÙظر ع٠ÙÙÙÙØ© ØصÙÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙÙØ³Ø®Ø©Ø ÙدÙ٠دائÙ
ا ØرÙØ© Ùسخ
-ÙتعدÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¨Ù ÙØت٠<a
href="/philosophy/selling.ar.html">بÙع اÙÙسخة
-</a>.
+<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q> A free program must
+be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
+distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual;
+such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to
+get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
+But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to
+copy and change the software, even to <a
+href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -130,24 +151,28 @@
</p>
<p>
-ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاعد ØÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ© ØزÙ
اÙÙسخة اÙÙ
عدÙØ© Ù
ÙبÙÙØ©Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§ ÙÙ
تÙ
Ùع عÙ
ÙÙا ØرÙت٠ÙÙ
-إصدار ÙÙسÙØ® Ù
عدÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù ØرÙت٠Ù٠إÙشاء
ÙاستخداÙ
ÙÙسÙØ® Ù
عدÙØ© بشÙ٠خاص. اÙÙاعدة
-اÙت٠تشترط Ø£ÙÙ <q>إذا جعÙت Ùسخت٠Ù
تاØØ© بÙØ°Ù
اÙطرÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تجعÙÙا Ù
تاØØ©
-بتÙ٠اÙطرÙÙØ© Ø£Ùضا</q> ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠تÙÙÙ Ù
ÙبÙÙØ©
Ø£ÙØ¶Ø§Ø Ø¹ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙشرط. (ÙاØظ Ø£Ù Ù
Ø«Ù
-Ùذ٠اÙÙاعدة تبÙÙ ÙÙ Ø®Ùار Ùشر Ùسخت٠Ù
٠عدÙ
ÙشرÙا.) اÙÙÙاعد اÙت٠تطÙب إصدار
-اÙÙÙد اÙÙ
صدر٠ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙسÙØ® اÙتÙ
تضعÙا Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙ
اÙاستخداÙ
Ù
ÙبÙÙØ©
-Ø£Ùضا. Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙبÙ٠أÙضا Ø£Ù ÙطاÙب اÙترخÙص بأÙÙ
إذا Ùشرت Ùسخة Ù
عدÙØ© ÙØ·Ùب Ù
Ø·Ùر
-ساب٠Ùسخة Ù
ÙÙØ§Ø Ùجب أ٠ترس٠ÙاØØ¯Ø©Ø Ø£Ù
اÙÙاعدة اÙت٠تشترط أ٠تعر٠ÙÙس٠ÙÙ
-تعدÙÙاتÙ.
+However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if
+they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
+your freedom to make and use modified versions privately. Rules that <q>if
+you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
+that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition. (Note that
+such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
+at all.) Rules that require release of source code to the users for
+versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. It is also
+acceptable for the license to require that you identify your modifications
+as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous
+developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one.
</p>
<p>
-ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع غÙÙØ ÙسخدÙ
<q><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ar.html">اÙØÙÙÙ
-اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©</a></q> ÙØÙ
اÙØ© Ùذ٠اÙØرÙات ÙاÙÙÙÙا
ÙÙجÙ
Ùع. ÙÙÙ <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.ar.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØرة غÙر Ù
ترÙÙØ© اÙØÙÙÙ</a> Ù
تÙÙرة Ø£Ùضا. ÙØÙ
ÙؤÙ
٠بÙجÙد أسباب Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© <a
-href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">ÙØ£ÙضÙÙØ© استخداÙ
اÙØÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©</a>Ø ÙÙÙ
-إذا Ùا٠برÙاÙ
ج٠Øرا غÙر Ù
ترÙ٠اÙØÙÙÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙ
Ùا Ùزا٠أخÙاÙÙا بشÙ٠أساسÙ.
+In the GNU project, we use <q><a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q> to protect these freedoms
+legally for everyone. But <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
+free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
+if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
+ethical.
</p>
<p>
@@ -166,29 +191,32 @@
</p>
<p>
-Ù
عظÙ
تراخÙص اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
بÙÙØ© عÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
اÙÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙÙÙجد ØدÙد عÙ٠أÙÙاع
-اÙÙ
طاÙب اÙت٠ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠تÙرضÙا ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر. إذا
Ùا٠اÙترخÙص اÙÙ
بÙ٠عÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
-اÙÙشر ÙØترÙ
اÙØرÙات اÙÙ
ÙضØØ© أعÙاÙØ Ù
٠غÙر
اÙÙ
Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø£Ù ÙØتÙÙ Ù
شاÙÙا أخر٠ÙÙ
-ÙتÙبأ بÙا (رغÙ
Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙØدث Ø£ØÙاÙا). Ù
Ù ÙاØÙØ©
أخرÙØ Ø¨Ø¹Ø¶ تراخÙص اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØرة Ù
بÙÙØ© عÙ٠عÙد اتÙاÙÙØ©Ø ÙاÙاتÙاÙÙات
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ùرض Ùطا٠أÙسع Ù
٠اÙÙÙÙد
-اÙÙ
ØتÙ
ÙØ©. Ùذا ÙعÙÙ ÙجÙد اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙطر٠اÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙØ© Ù
ث٠أ٠ÙÙÙ٠اÙترخÙص Ù
ÙÙÙدا
-بشÙ٠غÙر Ù
ÙبÙÙ ÙغÙر Øر.
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on
+what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is
+unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Ùا ÙستطÙع Ùضع ÙائÙ
Ø© بÙ٠اÙطر٠اÙÙ
ØتÙ
ÙØ©. إذا
Ùا٠ترخÙصÙا Ù
بÙÙÙا عÙ٠عÙد
-اتÙاÙÙØ© تÙÙد اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
بشÙ٠غرÙب Ùا تستطÙع
اÙتراخÙص اÙÙ
بÙÙØ© عÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر
-ÙعÙÙØ ÙغÙر Ù
Ø°ÙÙر ÙÙا ÙشرعÙØ Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙدرسÙØ
ÙعÙ٠اÙØ£Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø³Ùعتبر٠غÙر Øر.
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based
+license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
+about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-عÙد اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙØ£ÙضÙ
تجاÙز استخداÙ
Ù
صطÙØات Ù
Ø«Ù <q>ÙدÙØ©</q>
-Ø£Ù <q>باÙÙ
جاÙ</q>Ø ÙØ£Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙ
صطÙØات تد٠عÙÙ
أ٠اÙÙضÙØ© ØÙ٠اÙØ³Ø¹Ø±Ø ÙÙÙست
-اÙØرÙØ©. بعض اÙÙ
صطÙØات اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ù
Ø«Ù <q>ÙرصÙØ©</q>
تجسد آراء٠ÙØ£Ù
٠أÙا
-تÙÙرÙÙا. راجع <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">ÙÙÙ
ات
Ùعبارات Ù
ضÙÙØ©
-تستØ٠اÙتجÙب</a> ÙÙ
ÙاÙشة Ùذ٠اÙÙ
صطÙØات.
ÙدÙÙا Ø£Ùضا ÙائÙ
Ø© <a
-href="/philosophy/fs-translations.ar.html">ترجÙ
Ø© <q>اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة</q></a>
-Ø¥ÙÙ Ùغات عدÙدة.
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+<q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that the
+issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as <q>piracy</q>
+embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that are
+Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of
+proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of <q>free
+software</q></a> into various languages.
</p>
<p>
@@ -210,15 +238,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-إذا ÙÙت ترغب ÙÙ Ùتابة ترخÙص جدÙØ¯Ø Ù
Ù ÙضÙÙ
راس٠إÙ​إس​إ٠ع٠طرÙÙ
-اÙÙتابة Ø¥ÙÙ Ùذا اÙعÙÙاÙ. زÙادة تراخÙص اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙعÙ٠زÙادة جÙد
-اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
اÙتراخÙØµØ Ø±Ø¨Ù
ا ÙÙÙÙ
ÙادرÙ٠عÙÙ Ù
ساعدت٠Ù٠إÙجاد ترخÙص
-برÙ
جÙات Øرة Ù
ÙجÙد ÙÙب٠اØتÙاجاتÙ.
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free
+Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of
+different free software licenses means increased work for users in
+understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free
+software license that meets your needs.
</p>
<p>
-إذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùذا Ù
Ù
ÙÙØ§Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§ ÙÙت ترÙد ØÙا
ترخÙصا جدÙØ¯Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù
ساعدتÙا تستطÙع ضÙ
اÙ
-أ٠اÙترخÙص ترخÙص برÙ
جÙات Øرة باÙÙعÙ
ÙتتجاÙز اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ©.
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you
+can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid
+various practical problems.
</p>
<h2 id="beyond-software">Ù
ا Ùراء اÙبرÙ
جÙات</h2>
@@ -259,6 +289,17 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies of
+your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate in someone
+else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as free
+software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57">اÙإصدار
1.57</a>: إضاÙØ© ÙسÙ
"Ùراء اÙبرÙ
جÙات".</li>
@@ -370,7 +411,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2009/10/27 20:26:13 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-sw.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- free-sw.bg.html 26 Nov 2009 09:26:10 -0000 1.23
+++ free-sw.bg.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:52 -0000 1.24
@@ -48,19 +48,20 @@
<li>СвободаÑа да ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ, за
да Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñи (Ñвобода
â2).
</li>
- <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and
-modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community
-benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others
+(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to
+benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for
+this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-Ðдна пÑогÑама е Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, ако
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑиÑкиÑе ÑеÑиÑи
-Ñвободи. Ðо ÑакÑв наÑин, вие ÑÑÑбва да ÑÑе
Ñвободни да ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑваÑе
-копиÑ, иденÑиÑни Ñ Ð¾Ñигинала или
пÑоменени, безплаÑно или ÑÑеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñане <a
-href="#exportcontrol">на вÑеки и навÑÑкÑде</a>. ÐÑвен
вÑиÑко дÑÑго, Ñова,
-Ñе пÑогÑамаÑа е Ñвободна, ознаÑава, Ñе не
ÑÑÑбва да Ñе молиÑе или да
-плаÑаÑе, за да ÑпÑажниÑе Ñези Ñвободи.
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you
+should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications,
+either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these things
+means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission
+to do so.
</p>
<p>
@@ -72,33 +73,31 @@
</p>
<p>
-СвободаÑа да изпÑлнÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамаÑа
ознаÑава Ñвобода за изпÑлнение Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ñеки
-индивид или оÑганизаÑиÑ, вÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð²ÑÑка
компÑÑÑÑна ÑиÑÑема, за какваÑо и да е
-ÑабоÑа и Ñел, без да Ñе изиÑква да ÑÑобÑиÑе
за Ñова на ÑазÑабоÑÑика или на
-коеÑо и да е дÑÑго лиÑе. Ðа Ñази Ñвобода е
важна гледнаÑа ÑоÑка на
-<em>поÑÑебиÑелÑ</em>, a <em>не на
ÑазÑабоÑÑика</em>. Ðие каÑо поÑÑебиÑел
-ÑÑе Ñвободни да използваÑе ÑоÑÑÑеÑа за
ваÑиÑе Ñи Ñели, а ако ÑазпÑоÑÑÑаниÑе
-пÑогÑамаÑа кÑм дÑÑгиго, Ñой Ñе е Ñвободен
да използва пÑогÑамаÑа за ÑвоиÑе
-Ñи Ñели, но вие нÑмаÑе пÑаво да налагаÑе
ÑвоиÑе Ñели на дÑÑгиÑ.
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or
+organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with
+the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the
+<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose;
+you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you
+distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes,
+but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
</p>
<p>
-СвободаÑа да ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑбва
да Ñе оÑнаÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÑо за двоиÑниÑе
-или изпÑлнимиÑе ÑоÑми на пÑогÑамаÑа, Ñака
и за ÑоÑмиÑе в изÑ
оден код, какÑо
-за оÑигиналниÑе, Ñака и за пÑоменениÑе
веÑÑии. (РазпÑоÑÑÑанениеÑо на
-пÑогÑами в изпÑлнима ÑоÑма е необÑ
одимо за
Ñдобно инÑÑалиÑане на Ñвободни
-опеÑаÑионни ÑиÑÑеми.) ÐоÑмално е за нÑкои
пÑогÑами да нÑма наÑин за
-ÑÑздаванеÑо на пÑедÑÑавÑне в двоиÑен или
изпÑлним вид (понеже нÑкои езиÑи не
-поддÑÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ Ñази вÑзможноÑÑ), но вие ÑÑÑбва
да имаÑе ÑвободаÑа да
-ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑваÑе Ñакива ÑоÑми, ако
намеÑиÑе или изобÑеÑиÑе наÑин да ги
-ÑÑздаваÑе.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no
+way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some
+languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to
+redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
</p>
<p>
-Ðа да може ÑвободиÑе да пÑавиÑе пÑомени и
да пÑбликÑваÑе пÑоменени веÑÑии,
-да ознаÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑо Ñеално, вие ÑÑÑбва да
имаÑе доÑÑÑп до изÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´ на
-пÑогÑамаÑа. ÐаÑова доÑÑÑпÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ изÑ
одниÑ
код е необÑ
одимо ÑÑловие, за да
-бÑде една пÑогÑама Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom
+to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to the
+source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+necessary condition for free software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -115,9 +114,18 @@
<p>
One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot
-merge in a suitably-licensed existing module, such as if it requires you to
-be the copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too
-restrictive to qualify as free.
+merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as free
+software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
+other words, it does not have to be a <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
+that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
+license.
</p>
<p>
@@ -138,8 +146,8 @@
</p>
<p>
-<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q> A free program
-must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
+<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q> A free program must
+be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual;
such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to
get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
@@ -163,9 +171,9 @@
such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
at all.) Rules that require release of source code to the users for
versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. It is also
-acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a
-modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must
-send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.
+acceptable for the license to require that you identify your modifications
+as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous
+developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one.
</p>
<p>
@@ -174,7 +182,7 @@
legally for everyone. But <a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
-<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
ethical.
</p>
@@ -198,36 +206,32 @@
</p>
<p>
-ÐовеÑеÑо ÑоÑÑÑеÑни лиÑензи Ñа базиÑани на
авÑоÑÑкоÑо пÑаво и има гÑаниÑи за
-Ñова какви изиÑÐºÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе налагаÑ
ÑÑез него. Ðко един ÑоÑÑÑеÑен
-лиÑенз, койÑо е оÑнован на авÑоÑÑкоÑо
пÑаво, Ñпазва ÑвободиÑе по наÑиниÑе
-опиÑани по-гоÑе, малко веÑоÑÑно е да
вÑзникне нÑкакÑв дÑÑг вид пÑоблем,
-койÑо да не Ñме оÑаквали (вÑе пак, Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ñеме
на вÑеме и Ñова Ñе ÑлÑÑва). Ðма
-обаÑе и Ñакива лиÑензи за Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, коиÑо Ñе базиÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð° договоÑноÑо
-пÑаво, а ÑÑез договоÑиÑе Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе
Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑиÑелно по-голÑм ÑпекÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
-огÑаниÑениÑ. Това ознаÑава, Ñе има много
вÑзможноÑÑи подобни лиÑензи да Ñе
-Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ñиемливо огÑаниÑаваÑи и
ÑледоваÑелно â да не Ñа лиÑензи на
-Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on
+what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is
+unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-ÐÑмаме вÑзможноÑÑ Ð´Ð° избÑоим вÑиÑки
наÑини, по коиÑо Ñова може да ÑÑане.
-Ðко базиÑаниÑе на договоÑноÑо пÑаво
ÑговоÑки в един лиÑенз огÑаниÑаваÑ
-поÑÑебиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ необиÑаен наÑин, койÑо е
невÑзможен за лиÑенз базиÑан на
-авÑоÑÑкоÑо пÑаво, и ако огÑаниÑениеÑо не е
избÑоено ÑÑк каÑо допÑÑÑимо, Ñе
-ÑÑÑбва да помиÑлим вÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ и е веÑоÑÑно
да заклÑÑим, Ñе лиÑензÑÑ Ð½Ðµ е
-Ñвободен.
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based
+license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
+about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-ÐогаÑо говоÑиÑе за Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ,
най-добÑе е да избÑгваÑе изÑази каÑо
-âбез паÑиâ или âбезплаÑенâ, заÑоÑо Ñези
ÑеÑмини подÑказваÑ, Ñе пÑоблемÑÑ Ðµ
-ÑенаÑа, а не ÑвободаÑа. ÐÑкои ÑеÑÑо
ÑпоÑÑебÑвани ÑеÑмини каÑо âпиÑаÑÑÑвоâ
-вÑплÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð² Ñебе Ñи Ñези, коиÑо Ñе
надÑваме, Ñе не ÑподелÑÑе. ÐогледнеÑе
-ÑÑаÑиÑÑа <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">ÐбÑÑкваÑи
дÑми и ÑÑази,
-коиÑо е добÑе да Ñе избÑгваÑ</a> за
обÑÑнение на Ñези ÑеÑмини. ÐапÑавен е и
-ÑпиÑÑк Ñ <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">пÑеводиÑе
на âÑвободен
-ÑоÑÑÑеÑâ</a> на ÑазлиÑни езиÑи.
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+<q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that the
+issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as <q>piracy</q>
+embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that are
+Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of
+proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of <q>free
+software</q></a> into various languages.
</p>
<p>
@@ -254,17 +258,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-Ðко вÑзнамеÑÑваÑе да напиÑеÑе нов лиÑенз,
Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑнеÑе Ñе кÑм ФСС, каÑо
-напиÑеÑе е-пиÑмо на гоÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð´ÑеÑ.
УмножаванеÑо на ÑазлиÑниÑе Ñвободни
-ÑоÑÑÑеÑни лиÑензи ознаÑава повеÑе ÑабоÑа
за поÑÑебиÑелиÑе, за да ги
-ÑазбеÑаÑ. ÐÑзможно е да Ñме в ÑÑÑÑоÑние да
ви помогнем, каÑо намеÑим
-ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñенз на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ,
койÑо оÑговаÑÑ Ð½Ð° нÑждиÑе ви.
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free
+Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of
+different free software licenses means increased work for users in
+understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free
+software license that meets your needs.
</p>
<p>
-Ðко Ñова е невÑзможно, ако наиÑÑина Ñе
нÑждаеÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð² лиÑенз, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñа помоÑ
-Ñе ÑÑе ÑигÑÑни, Ñе лиÑензÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸ÑÑина е
лиÑенз на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ Ñе
-можеÑе да пÑеÑкоÑиÑе нÑкои пÑакÑиÑеÑки
пÑоблеми.
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you
+can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid
+various practical problems.
</p>
<h2 id="beyond-software">ÐÑвÑд ÑоÑÑÑеÑа</h2>
@@ -310,6 +314,17 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies of
+your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate in someone
+else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as free
+software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Version
1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical; i.e., no
tivoization.</li>
@@ -451,7 +466,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:10 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-sw.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.57
retrieving revision 1.58
diff -u -b -r1.57 -r1.58
--- free-sw.fr.html 29 Nov 2009 21:26:39 -0000 1.57
+++ free-sw.fr.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:52 -0000 1.58
@@ -50,20 +50,20 @@
<li>La liberté de redistribuer des copies, donc d'aider votre voisin,
(liberté 2).
</li>
- <li>La liberté d'améliorer le programme et de publier vos
-améliorations, pour en faire profiter toute la communauté
-liberté 3). Pour ceci l'accès au code source est une condition
-requise.
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others
+(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to
+benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for
+this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-Un programme est un logiciel libre si les utilisateurs ont toutes ces
-libertés. Ainsi, vous êtes libre de redistribuer des copies,
-avec ou sans modification, gratuitement ou non, à <a
-href="#exportcontrol">tout le monde, partout</a>. Être libre de faire
-ceci signifie (entre autre) que vous n'avez pas à demander ou
-à payer pour en avoir la permission.
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you
+should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications,
+either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these things
+means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission
+to do so.
</p>
<p>
@@ -75,37 +75,31 @@
</p>
<p>
-La liberté d'utiliser un programme est la liberté pour tout
-type de personne ou d'organisation de l'utiliser pour tout type de
-système informatique, pour tout type de tâche et sans
-être obligé de communiquer à ce sujet avec le
-développeur ou tout autre entité spécifique. Dans cette
-liberté, il est question de <em>l'utilisateur</em>, pas du
-développeur ; en tant qu'utilisateur, vous êtes libre
-d'exécuter un programme comme bon vous semble et si vous le
-redistribuer à quelqu'un d'autre, cette personne est libre de
-l'exécuter comme bon lui semble, mais vous n'êtes pas
-autorisé à lui imposer vos conditions.
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or
+organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with
+the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the
+<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose;
+you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you
+distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes,
+but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
</p>
<p>
-La liberté de redistribuer des copies doit inclure les formes
-binaires ou exécutables du programme (tout comme le code source)
-à la fois pour les versions modifiées ou non modifiées
-du programme. (Diffuser des programmes sous une forme exécutable est
-nécessaire pour une installation commode des systémes
-d'exploitation libres). Il y a une exception s'il n'y a pas moyen de
-produire une version binaire ou exécutable (puisque certains langages
-ne supportent pas cette caractéristique), mais le public doit avoir
-la liberté de distribuer de telles formes s'ils ont un moyen d'en
-produire.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no
+way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some
+languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to
+redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
</p>
<p>
-Pour avoir la liberté d'effectuer des modifications et de publier des
-versions améliorées, vous devez avoir l'accès au code
-source du programme. Par conséquent, l'accessibilité du code
-source est une condition requise pour un logiciel libre.
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom
+to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to the
+source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+necessary condition for free software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -121,12 +115,20 @@
</p>
<p>
-Un moyen important de modifier un programme est de le fusionner avec des
-modules ou des sous-programmes disponibles libres. Si la licence du
-programme indique que vous ne pouvez pas le fusionner dans un module
-existant, telle que la nécessité que vous soyez le
-détenteur du copyright de tout code que vous ajoutez, alors la
-licence est trop restrictive pour être qualifiée de libre.
+One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
+subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot
+merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as free
+software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
+other words, it does not have to be a <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
+that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
+license.
</p>
<p>
@@ -151,17 +153,14 @@
</p>
<p>
-« Logiciel libre » ne signifie pas « non
-commercial ». Un logiciel libre doit être disponible pour
-un usage commercial, pour le développement commercial et la
-distribution commerciale. Le développement commercial de logiciel
-libre n'est plus l'exception ; de tels logiciels libres commerciaux
-sont très importants. Vous pouvez avoir payé pour obtenir une
-copie d'un logiciel libre ou vous pouvez l'avoir obtenu gratuitement. Mais
-indifféremment de la manière dont vous vous
-l'êtesprocuré, vous avez toujours la liberté de copier
-et de modifier un logiciel et même d'en <a
-href="/philosophy/selling.fr.html">vendre des copies</a>.
+<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q> A free program must
+be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
+distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual;
+such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to
+get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
+But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to
+copy and change the software, even to <a
+href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -171,20 +170,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-Les règles sur la manière d'empaqueter une version
-modifiée sont acceptables si elles n'entravent pas votre
-liberté de la publier, ou votre liberté de faire et d'utiliser
-pour votre usage personnel des versions modifiées. Les règles
-disant « si vous publiez le programme par ce moyen, vous devez le
-faire par ce moyen aussi » sont acceptables aux mêmes
-conditions (notez que de telles règles doivent vous laisser le choix
-de publier ou non le programme). Les règles qui nécessitent
-que le code source soit publié pour les utilisateurs pour les
-versions que vous rendez publiques sont aussi acceptables. Il est
-également acceptable que la licence l'exige, si vous avez
-distribué une version modifiée et qu'un développeur
-précédent vous en demande une copie, vous devez lui envoyer,
-ou que vous indiquiez vos modifications.
+However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if
+they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
+your freedom to make and use modified versions privately. Rules that <q>if
+you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
+that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition. (Note that
+such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
+at all.) Rules that require release of source code to the users for
+versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. It is also
+acceptable for the license to require that you identify your modifications
+as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous
+developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one.
</p>
<p>
@@ -193,9 +189,9 @@
protéger ces libertés. Mais des <a
href="/philosophy/categories.fr.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">logiciels
libres non-copyleftés</a> existent aussi. Nous croyons qu'il y a de
-bonnes raisons qui font <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.fr.html"> qu'il est
+bonnes raisons qui font <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.fr.html">qu'il est
mieux d'utiliser le copyleft</a>, mais si votre programme est libre
-non-copylefté, nous pouvons tout de même l'utiliser.
+non-copylefté, il est quand même basiquement éthique.
</p>
<p>
@@ -218,41 +214,32 @@
</p>
<p>
-La plupart des licences de logiciels sont basées sur le droit
-d'auteur, or les types d'exigences que le droit d'auteur peut imposer ont
-des limites. Si une licence basée sur le droit d'auteur respecte la
-liberté de la manière décrite plus haut, il est
-improbable que nous ayons une autre sorte de problème que nous
-n'ayons pas anticipé (bien que cela arrive parfois). Cependant,
-certaines licences de logiciels sont basées sur le droit du contrat
-et les contrats impliquent un champ bien plus large de restrictions. Cela
-signifie qu'il y a bien plus de possibilités pour qu'une licence de
-ce type puisse restreindre de manière inacceptable la liberté
-des utilisateurs et ainsi devenir non libre.
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on
+what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is
+unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Nous ne pouvons pas lister tout ce qui pourrait se passer. Si une licence
-basée sur le contrat restreint l'utilisateur d'une manière
-inhabituelle que les licences basées sur le copyright ne peuvent pas
-faire et qui n'est pas mentionnée ici comme légitime, nous
-devrons y réfléchir et nous conclurons probablement qu'elle
-n'est pas libre.
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based
+license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
+about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Quand vous parlez des logiciels libres, il est préférable de
-ne pas utiliser de termes comme « donner » ou
-« gratuit », car ils laissent supposer que la
-finalité des logiciels libres est le prix et non la
-liberté. Certains termes répandus comme
-« piratage » comportent des idées auxquelles
-nous espérons que vous n'adhérerez pas. Lisez <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html">Termes prêtant à
-confusion, que vous devriez éviter</a> pour un essai sur
-l'utilisation de ces termes. Nous avons aussi une liste de <a
-href="/philosophy/fs-translations.fr.html">traductions de « free
-software »</a> dans de nombreuses langues.
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+<q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that the
+issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as <q>piracy</q>
+embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that are
+Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of
+proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of <q>free
+software</q></a> into various languages.
</p>
<p>
@@ -284,19 +271,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-Si vous envisager d'écrire une nouvelle licence, veuillez contacter
-la FSF en écrivant à cette adresse. La prolifération de
-différentes licences de logiciels libres implique un travail
-grandissant pour les utilisateurs dans la compréhension des
-licences ; nous pouvons vous aider à trouver une licence
-existante de logiciel libre qui réponde à vos besoins.
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free
+Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of
+different free software licenses means increased work for users in
+understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free
+software license that meets your needs.
</p>
<p>
-Si ce n'est pas possible, si vous avez vraiment besoin d'une nouvelle
-licence, avec notre aide, vous pouvez vous assurer que la licence est
-vraiment une licence de logiciel libre et éviter divers
-problèmes pratiques.
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you
+can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid
+various practical problems.
</p>
<h2 id="beyond-software">Au-delà du logiciel</h2>
@@ -347,6 +332,17 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies of
+your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate in someone
+else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as free
+software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Version
1.80</a> : la liberté 1 doit être pratique, pas seulement
théorique ; c'est-à -dire, pas de tivoïsation.</li>
@@ -475,7 +471,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2009/11/29 21:26:39 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-sw.sk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- free-sw.sk.html 26 Nov 2009 09:26:10 -0000 1.7
+++ free-sw.sk.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:52 -0000 1.8
@@ -47,20 +47,20 @@
</li>
<li>Sloboda voľne Å¡ÃriÅ¥ kópie a pomáhaÅ¥ tak svojmu okoliu (sloboda 2).
</li>
- <li>Sloboda zlepšovať daný program a tieto zlepšenia (vrátane
upravených alebo
-úplne nových verziÃ) Äalej zverejÅovaÅ¥, aby tak tieto zlepÅ¡enia mohli
byť
-prÃnosom pre celú spoloÄnosÅ¥ (sloboda 3). PrÃstup k zdrojovému kódu je
k
-tomu nevyhnutnou podmienkou.
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others
+(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to
+benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for
+this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-Program je slobodným softvérom, ak užÃvateľom poskytuje vÅ¡etky vyÅ¡Å¡ie
-uvedené slobody. To znamená, že vám musà byÅ¥ dovolené voľne Å¡ÃriÅ¥
jeho
-kópie, Äi už pôvodnej alebo vami upravenej verzie, Äi už bezplatne alebo
za
-poplatok, a to <a href="#exportcontrol">komukoľvek kdekoľvek</a>. Mať
-dovolené robiÅ¥ uvedené veci znamná (okrem iného), že si nemusÃte od
nikoho
-pýtať povolenie, alebo za takéto povolenie niekomu platiť.
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you
+should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications,
+either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these things
+means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission
+to do so.
</p>
<p>
@@ -72,32 +72,31 @@
</p>
<p>
-Sloboda spúšťať program znamená, že všetci ľudia a organizácie bez
výnimky
-ho môžu použÃvaÅ¥ na ľubovoľnom type poÄÃtaÄového systému, a to za
akýmkoľvek
-úÄelom, bez nutnosti informovaÅ¥ o tom autora programu alebo nejaký iný
-subjekt. Pri tejto slobode je dôležitý <em>užÃvateľov</em> zámer, nie
-<em>vývojárov</em> zámer; vy, ako užÃvatelia, máte slobodu použÃvaÅ¥
program
-podľa vášho úmyslu a ak sa rozhodnete poskytnúť ho niekomu ÄalÅ¡iemu,
tento
-má potom slobodu použÃvaÅ¥ ho výhradne podľa svojho vlastného úmyslu,
tj. vy
-nemáte nárok vnucovať mu vaše vlastné úmysly.
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or
+organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with
+the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the
+<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose;
+you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you
+distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes,
+but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
</p>
<p>
-Sloboda voľne Å¡ÃriÅ¥ kópie musà zahÅÅaÅ¥ jednak binárne a
spúšťateľné formy
-programu a taktiež jeho zdrojové kódy, Äi už ide o pôvodnú alebo
-modifikovanú verziu. (Distribúcia programov v spúšťateľnej forme je
-nevyhnutná pre zabezpeÄenie možnosti pohodlnej inÅ¡talácie slobodného
-operaÄného systému.) Je v poriadku, ak neexistuje spôsob ako vytvoriÅ¥
-binárnu alebo spúšťateľnú formu pre urÄitý program (nakoľko niektoré
jazyky
-takúto možnosÅ¥ nepodporujú), musà vám byÅ¥ vÅ¡ak zaruÄená sloboda
Å¡ÃriÅ¥ kópie
-v takej forme, aby bolo možné daný program spúšťať.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no
+way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some
+languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to
+redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
</p>
<p>
-Aby mala sloboda vykonávaÅ¥ zmeny a Å¡ÃriÅ¥ vylepÅ¡ené verzie nejaký
zmysel,
-musÃte maÅ¥ bezpodmieneÄne prÃstup k zdrojovým kódom programu. Z toho
dôvodu
-je voľná dostupnosť zdrojových kódov nevyhnutnou podmienkou slobodného
-softvéru.
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom
+to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to the
+source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+necessary condition for free software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -112,12 +111,20 @@
</p>
<p>
-Jedným z dôležitých spôsobov, akým je možné program upravovať, je
zluÄovanie
-voľne dostupných podprogramov a modulov. Ak licencia nejakého programu
-vravÃ, že tento nesmiete zluÄovaÅ¥ s iným vhodne licencovaným modulom,
-napr. ak sa vyžaduje, aby ste boli držiteľom copyrightu akéhokoľvek kódu,
-ktorý pridávate, potom je takáto licencia prÃliÅ¡ obmedzujúca na to, aby
-mohla byť považovaná za slobodnú.
+One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
+subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot
+merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as free
+software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
+other words, it does not have to be a <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
+that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
+license.
</p>
<p>
@@ -138,14 +145,14 @@
</p>
<p>
-<q>âSlobodný softvérâ</q> neznamená <q>ânekomerÄnýâ.</q>
Slobodný program
-musà byÅ¥ k dispozÃcii aj na komerÄné použitie, komerÄný vývoj a
komerÄné
-sÃrenie. KomerÄný vývoj slobodného softvéru už nie je niÄÃm
výnimoÄným;
-takýto slobodný komerÄný softvér je veľmi dôležitý. Za zÃskanie
kópie
-slobodného softvéru ste mohli buÄ zaplatiÅ¥, alebo ste ho mohli zÃskaÅ¥
-bezplatne. AvÅ¡ak nezávisle na spôsobe, akým ste svoju kópiu zÃskali,
máte
-vždy zaruÄenú slobodu tento Äalej Å¡ÃriÅ¥, upravovaÅ¥ alebo dokonca <a
-href="/philosophy/selling.html">predávať</a>.
+<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q> A free program must
+be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
+distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual;
+such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to
+get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
+But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to
+copy and change the software, even to <a
+href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -155,31 +162,28 @@
</p>
<p>
-Isté pravidlá, upresÅujúce spôsob, akým má byÅ¥ upravená verzia
zbalená, sú
-však akceptovateľné, za predpokladu, že zásadným spôsobom neobmedzujú
vašu
-slobodu na voľné Å¡Ãrenie modifikovaných verzià alebo slobodu na
vytváranie a
-použÃvanie modifikovaných verzià na súkromné úÄely. Pravidlá
urÄujúce, že
-<q>ak ste zverejnili vami modifikovanú verziu istým spôsobom, musÃte ju
tiež
-zverejniÅ¥ nejakým ÄalÅ¡Ãm Å¡pecifickým spôsobom</q>, môžu byÅ¥ taktiež
-akceptovateľné, za rovnakého predpokladu. (Všimnite si, že takéto
pravidlo
-vám stále ponecháva možnosť rozhodnúť sa, si vami upravenú verziu
vôbec
-zverejnÃte alebo nie.) Pravidlá vyžadujúce sprÃstupnenie zdrojových
kódov
-užÃvateľom pre vÅ¡etky verzie, ktoré ste zverejnili, sú tiež
akceptovateľné.
-Podobne prijateľné sú aj licencie, ktoré vyžadujú, že ste povinný
zaslať na
-vyžiadanie predchádzajúcemu autorovi kópiu vami upravenej verzie programu,
-ak ste sa ju zaÄali Å¡ÃriÅ¥ Äalej alebo ste sa uviedli ako autor takýchto
-modifikáciÃ.
+However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if
+they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
+your freedom to make and use modified versions privately. Rules that <q>if
+you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
+that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition. (Note that
+such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
+at all.) Rules that require release of source code to the users for
+versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. It is also
+acceptable for the license to require that you identify your modifications
+as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous
+developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one.
</p>
<p>
-V projekte GNU použÃvame <q><a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q> ako právnu ochranu týchto
-slobôd pre každého. Ale <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">slobodný
-softvér bez copyleftu</a> existuje tiež. Sme presvedÄenà o zásadných
-dôvodoch preÄo <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">je lepÅ¡ie použÃvaÅ¥
-copyleft</a>, ale ak váš program patrà medzi "necopyleftovaný" slobodný
-softvér, je to v princÃpe v poriadku.
+In the GNU project, we use <q><a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q> to protect these freedoms
+legally for everyone. But <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
+free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
+if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
+ethical.
</p>
<p>
@@ -200,36 +204,32 @@
</p>
<p>
-VäÄÅ¡ina licencià pre slobodný softvér je založených na copyrighte
(autorskom
-práve), ktorý má isté obmedzenia, Äo sa týka toho, aké druhy pravidiel
môže
-predpisovať. Ak licencia založená na copyrighte rešpektuje slobodu vo
-všetkých jej významoch uvedených vyššie, je nepravdepodobné, že
nastanú
-nejaké problémy, ktoré sme nikdy nepredvÃdali (aj také prÃpady sa vÅ¡ak
obÄas
-stávajú). Avšak niektoré licencie slobodného softvéru sú založené na
-zmluvách, ktoré môžu predpisovať oveľa širšà záber možných
obmedzenÃ. Je tu
-preto väÄÅ¡ia pravdepodobnosÅ¥, že takáto licencia bude prÃliÅ¡
obmedzujúca,
-aby mohla byť uznaná ako slobodná.
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on
+what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is
+unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Nie je možné vypÃsaÅ¥ zoznam vÅ¡etkých prÃpadov, ktoré môžu nastaÅ¥.
Ak
-zmluvne založená licencia obmedzuje užÃvateľa nejakým neobvyklým
spôsobom,
-akým licencia založená na copyrighte nemôže, a ktorý tu neuvádzame ako
-oprávnený, budeme sa Åou musieÅ¥ podrobnejÅ¡ie zaoberaÅ¥, ale pravdepodobne
-nebude uznaná ako slobodná.
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based
+license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
+about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-KeÄ hovorÃme o slobodnom softvéri, mali by sme sa vyhýbaÅ¥ pojmom ako
-<q>darovať</q> alebo <q>dať zadarmo,</q> pretože tieto pojmy navodzujú
-dojem, že sa jedná o cenu softvéru a nie o jeho slobodu. Niektoré bežne
-použÃvané pojmy ako napr. <q>pirátstvo</q> predstavujú názory, ktoré,
-dúfame, neschvaľujete . Pozrite si zoznam <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">zavádzajúcich slov a výrazov, ktorým
-sa odporúÄame vyhnúť,</a> kde nájdete bližšie vysvetlenie a diskusiu k
tejto
-problematike. Máme tiež zoznam <a
-href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">prekladov výrazu <q>slobodný
-softvér</q></a> do rôznych jazykov.
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+<q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that the
+issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as <q>piracy</q>
+embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that are
+Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of
+proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of <q>free
+software</q></a> into various languages.
</p>
<p>
@@ -257,17 +257,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-Ak uvažujete nad tým, že napÃÅ¡ete vlastnú novú licenciu, kontaktujte
prosÃm
-FSF na uvedenej adrese. Å Ãrenie rôznych druhov licencià slobodného
softvéru
-predstavuje zvýšenú záťaž pre užÃvateľov pri ich snahe porozumieÅ¥
presne
-danej licencii; je možné, že vám budeme vedieť pomôcť nájsť nejakú
už
-existujúcu licenciu slobodného softvéru, ktorá by spĺÅala vaÅ¡e potreby.
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free
+Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of
+different free software licenses means increased work for users in
+understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free
+software license that meets your needs.
</p>
<p>
-Ak by to nebolo možné a vy by ste skutoÄne potrebovali novú licenciu,
-využitÃm naÅ¡ej pomoci si zabezpeÄÃte, že vaÅ¡a nová licencia bude
skutoÄne
-slobodná a vyhnete sa rôznym praktickým problémom.
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you
+can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid
+various practical problems.
</p>
<h2 id="beyond-software">Okrem softvéru</h2>
@@ -312,6 +312,17 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies of
+your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate in someone
+else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as free
+software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Verzia
1.80</a>: Sloboda 1 musà byť praktická, nielen teoretická; napr. žiadna
tivoizácia.</li>
@@ -438,7 +449,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizované:
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:10 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-sw.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- free-sw.sr.html 26 Nov 2009 09:26:10 -0000 1.22
+++ free-sw.sr.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:52 -0000 1.23
@@ -48,19 +48,20 @@
<li>Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑаÑподеÑиваÑа пÑимеÑака
пÑогÑама, како биÑÑе могли да помогнеÑе
ближÑем (Ñлобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 2).
</li>
- <li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and
-modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community
-benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others
+(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to
+benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for
+this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-ÐÑогÑам Ñе Ñлободан ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ñколико Ñе
коÑиÑниÑима пÑÑжаÑÑ Ñве ове
-Ñлободе. Ðа ÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин, дозвоÑено вам Ñе да
ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе пÑимеÑке, Ñа или
-без измена, беÑплаÑно или Ñз наплаÑÑ
ÑаÑподеÑиваÑа, <a
-href="#exportcontrol">Ñвакоме, и било где</a>. ÐмаÑи
ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе Ñо Ñини
-знаÑи (измеÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑалог) да за Ñо не моÑаÑе да
ÑÑажиÑе Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñи да за ÑÑ
-плаÑаÑе.
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you
+should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications,
+either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these things
+means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission
+to do so.
</p>
<p>
@@ -71,30 +72,31 @@
</p>
<p>
-Слобода коÑиÑÑеÑа пÑогÑама пÑедÑÑавÑа
Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ñоби или оÑганизаÑиÑи
-да га коÑиÑÑи на било ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑи
ÑаÑÑнаÑÑког ÑиÑÑема, за било коÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑ
-поÑла, и без поÑÑебе да Ñе поÑом обÑаÑи
гÑадиÑеÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ било каквом дÑÑгом
-ÑелÑ. Ðа Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñе биÑна поÑÑеба
<em>коÑиÑника</em>, а не
-<em>гÑадиÑеÑа</em>. Ðи ÑÑе као коÑиÑник
Ñлободни да покÑеÑеÑе пÑогÑам за
-ваÑе поÑÑебе, а Ñколико га ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе
неком дÑÑгом, он Ñе Ñлободан да га
-покÑеÑе за Ñегове поÑÑебе, али Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸ не
можеÑе намеÑнÑÑи ваÑе.
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or
+organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with
+the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the
+<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose;
+you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you
+distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes,
+but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
</p>
<p>
-Слобода ÑаÑподеле пÑимеÑака моÑа да
ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе бинаÑне или извÑÑне облике
-пÑогÑама, али и извоÑни код, како за
неизмеÑене, Ñако и за измеÑене веÑзиÑе
-пÑогÑама. (РаÑподела пÑогÑама Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÑÑном
Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÑ Ñе неопÑ
одна за згодно
-инÑÑалиÑаÑе ÑлободниÑ
опеÑаÑивниÑ
ÑиÑÑема.) У ÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ñе Ñколико не поÑÑоÑи
-наÑин да Ñе за одÑеÑени пÑогÑам ÑÑвоÑи
бинаÑни или извÑÑни облик, ÑеÑ
-извеÑни пÑогÑамÑки ÑезиÑи Ñако неÑÑо не
подÑжаваÑÑ, али моÑа поÑÑоÑаÑи
-Ñлобода ÑаÑподеле ÑаквиÑ
облика Ñколико
измиÑлиÑе или изгÑадиÑе наÑин да Ñе
-они напÑаве.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no
+way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some
+languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to
+redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
</p>
<p>
-Ðа би Ñлободе меÑаÑа и обÑавÑиваÑа
побоÑÑаниÑ
веÑзиÑа имале ÑмиÑла, моÑа
-биÑи обезбеÑен пÑиÑÑÑп извоÑном кодÑ
пÑогÑама. СÑога Ñе неопÑ
одан ÑÑлов за
-поÑÑоÑаÑе Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа доÑÑÑпноÑÑ
извоÑног кода.
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom
+to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to the
+source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+necessary condition for free software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -111,9 +113,18 @@
<p>
One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot
-merge in a suitably-licensed existing module, such as if it requires you to
-be the copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too
-restrictive to qualify as free.
+merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as free
+software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
+other words, it does not have to be a <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
+that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
+license.
</p>
<p>
@@ -134,8 +145,8 @@
</p>
<p>
-<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>non-commercial.</q> A free program
-must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
+<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q> A free program must
+be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual;
such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to
get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
@@ -159,9 +170,9 @@
such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
at all.) Rules that require release of source code to the users for
versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. It is also
-acceptable for the license to require that, if you have distributed a
-modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must
-send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.
+acceptable for the license to require that you identify your modifications
+as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous
+developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one.
</p>
<p>
@@ -170,7 +181,7 @@
legally for everyone. But <a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
-<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
ethical.
</p>
@@ -194,35 +205,32 @@
</p>
<p>
-ÐеÑина ÑлободниÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑкиÑ
лиÑенÑи Ñе
заÑнована на ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð°ÑÑоÑÑкиÑ
-пÑава, па заÑо поÑÑоÑе огÑаниÑеÑа вÑÑÑа
ÑÑлова коÑи кÑоз ÑÐ°Ñ ÑиÑÑем Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð´Ð°
-Ñе намеÑнÑ. Уколико лиÑенÑа заÑнована на
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð°ÑÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑава поÑÑÑÑе
-ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° гоÑеопиÑане наÑине, мало Ñе
веÑоваÑно да Ñе Ñе поÑавиÑи нека
-дÑÑга вÑÑÑа пÑоблема коÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñмо оÑекивали
(иако Ñе и Ñо понекад
-деÑава). ÐеÑÑÑим, неке од ÑлободниÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑкиÑ
лиÑенÑи ÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ñноване на
-ÑговоÑима, а ÑговоÑи Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð´Ð° намеÑÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
ÑиÑи диÑапазон могÑÑиÑ
-огÑаниÑеÑа. То знаÑи да поÑÑоÑе многи
наÑини на коÑе лиÑенÑа може да бÑде
-непÑиÑ
ваÑÑиво огÑаниÑаваÑÑÑа и
неÑлободна.
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on
+what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is
+unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Ðикако не можемо да наведемо Ñве могÑÑе
наÑине на коÑе Ñе Ñо могÑÑе да Ñе
-догоди. Уколико лиÑенÑа заÑнована на
ÑговоÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑава коÑиÑника на
-неÑобиÑаÑен наÑин (на коÑи Ñо не могÑ
лиÑенÑе заÑноване на ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð°ÑÑоÑÑкиÑ
-пÑава), а коÑи ниÑе овде наведен као
легиÑиман, моÑаÑемо да о Ñоме
-ÑазмиÑлимо, и веÑоваÑно Ñемо одлÑÑиÑи да
доÑиÑна лиÑенÑа ниÑе Ñлободна.
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based
+license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
+about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Ðада говоÑиÑе о Ñлободном ÑоÑÑвеÑÑ,
наÑбоÑе Ñе да избегаваÑе изÑазе као ÑÑо
-ÑÑ âна поклонâ (енгл. <em>give away</em>) или
âбеÑплаÑноâ (енгл. <em>for
-free</em>), ÑÐµÑ Ñакви изÑази ÑпÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо да Ñе
не Ñади о Ñлободи, веÑ
-Ñени. Рнеки дÑÑги ÑеÑÑи изÑази, као ÑÑо Ñе
âпиÑаÑеÑиÑаâ, олиÑаваÑÑ ÑÑавове
-коÑе Ñе, надамо Ñе, ви неÑеÑе подÑжаÑи.
ÐогледаÑÑе <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.sr.html">ÐбÑÑÑÑÑÑе ÑеÑи и
ÑинÑагме коÑе
-вÑеди избегаваÑи</a>, где Ñе говоÑи о Ñаквим
изÑазима. ТакоÑе, поÑÑоÑи и
-ÑпиÑак <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.sr.html">пÑевода
изÑаза
-âÑлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑâ</a> на Ñазне Ñезике.
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+<q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that the
+issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as <q>piracy</q>
+embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that are
+Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of
+proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of <q>free
+software</q></a> into various languages.
</p>
<p>
@@ -249,17 +257,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-Уколико намеÑаваÑе да напиÑеÑе новÑ
лиÑенÑÑ, молимо Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе обÑаÑиÑе ÐСС-Ñ
-пиÑмом на пÑеÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð´ÑеÑÑ. УвеÑаваÑе
бÑоÑа ÑазлиÑиÑиÑ
ÑлободниÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑкиÑ
-лиÑенÑи знаÑи да Ñе коÑиÑниÑи пÑи ÑÑ
ваÑаÑÑ
лиÑенÑи имаÑи виÑе поÑла. Ðожда
-Ñемо биÑи Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑноÑÑи да вам помогнемо да
иÑкоÑиÑÑиÑе поÑÑоÑеÑÑ ÑлободнÑ
-ÑоÑÑвеÑÑÐºÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑенÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ñа Ñе одговаÑаÑи
ваÑим поÑÑебама.
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free
+Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of
+different free software licenses means increased work for users in
+understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free
+software license that meets your needs.
</p>
<p>
-Уколико Ñако неÑÑо ниÑе могÑÑе, одноÑно
Ñколико вам Ñе заиÑÑа поÑÑебна нова
-лиÑенÑа, Ñз наÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе оÑигÑÑаÑи да
ваÑа лиÑенÑа бÑде пÑава Ñлободна
-ÑоÑÑвеÑÑка лиÑенÑа и избеÑи Ñазне
пÑакÑиÑне пÑоблеме.
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you
+can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid
+various practical problems.
</p>
<h2 id="beyond-software">ÐиÑе од ÑоÑÑвеÑа</h2>
@@ -304,6 +312,17 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies of
+your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate in someone
+else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as free
+software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Version
1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical; i.e., no
tivoization.</li>
@@ -435,7 +454,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐжÑÑиÑано:
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:10 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-sw.tr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- free-sw.tr.html 26 Nov 2009 09:26:10 -0000 1.23
+++ free-sw.tr.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:52 -0000 1.24
@@ -45,20 +45,20 @@
<li>Kopyaları daÄıtma özgürlüÄü. Böylece komÅunuza yardım
edebilirsiniz (2
numaralı özgürlük).
</li>
- <li>Tüm toplumun yarar saÄlayabileceÄi Åekilde programı geliÅtirme ve
-geliÅtirdiklerinizi (ve genel olarak deÄiÅtirilmiÅ sürümlerini)
yayınlama
-özgürlüÄü (3 numaralı özgürlük). Kaynak koduna eriÅmek, bunun için
bir
-önkoÅuldur.
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others
+(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to
+benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for
+this.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-Bir program, eÄer kullanıcıları bu özgürlüklere sahipse özgür
-yazılımdır. Yani, kopyalarını deÄiÅtirerek ya da deÄiÅtirmeden,
ücretli ya
-da ücretsiz, <a href="#exportcontrol">herhangi bir yerdeki herhangi
-birine</a> daÄıtmaya serbest olmalısınız. Ãzgür olmak demek (bu
meyanda),
-tüm bunları yapmak için izin istemek ya da izin için ödeme yapmak zorunda
-olmamanız demektir.
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you
+should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications,
+either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these things
+means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission
+to do so.
</p>
<p>
@@ -68,32 +68,31 @@
</p>
<p>
-Bir programı kullanma özgürlüÄü demek, onu, herhangi bir bireyin ya da
-kurumun, herhangi bir bilgisayar sistemi üzerinde, herhangi bir iŠiçin
-geliÅtirici ya da bir baÅka Åey ile iletiÅim kurmak zorunluluÄu olmadan
-kullanabilmek demektir. Bu özgürlükte <em>kullanıcının</em> amacı
önemlidir,
-<em>geliÅtiricininki</em> deÄil; Sen, bir kullanıcı olarak kendi
amaçların
-için bir programı çalıÅtırmaya özgürsün ve eÄer bir baÅkasına
daÄıtırsan, o
-da kendi amaçları için programı çalıÅtırmaya özgürdür, ama kendi
amaçlarınız
-için onu zorlayamazsınız.
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or
+organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with
+the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the
+<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose;
+you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you
+distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes,
+but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
</p>
<p>
-Programın kopyalarının daÄıtımı özgürlüÄü, programın hem
deÄiÅtirilmiÅ hem
-de deÄiÅtirilmemiÅ, kaynak kodunda olduÄu gibi ikili veya
çalıÅtırılabilir
-halini içermesi zorunludur. (Programları çalıÅtırılabilir halleri ile
-daÄıtmak kolayca yüklenebilen özgür iÅletim sistemleri için gerekiyor)
EÄer,
-belli bir yazılımın ikili ya da çalıÅtırılabilir bir biçimini
oluÅturmak
-olanaksızsa (ki bazı diller bu özelliÄi desteklemiyor), o zaman sorun yok;
-ancak, program, bu biçimlerden herhangi birine sokmanın bir yolunu
-bulduÄunuzda, programı yeniden daÄıtmaya hakkınızın olması gerekir.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no
+way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some
+languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to
+redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
</p>
<p>
-DeÄiÅiklikler yapma ve geliÅtirilmiÅ sürümlerini yayımlama
özgürlüklerine
-sahip olabilmek için, mantıklı olmak için programın kaynak kodlarına
-eriÅmeniz zorunludur. Bu nedenle, kaynak koda eriÅim, özgür yazılım için
-gerekli bir durumdur.
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom
+to publish improved versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to the
+source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+necessary condition for free software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -108,11 +107,20 @@
</p>
<p>
-Bir program üzerinde deÄiÅiklik yapmanın önemli yollarından biri de,
mevcut
-özgür altyordam ve modülleri birleÅtirmektir. EÄer programın lisansı,
var
-olan bir bölümün içerisine ekleme yapamayacaÄınızı diyorsa, örneÄin
-eklediÄiniz her kodun telif hakkı sahibi olmanız gerektiÄini söylüyorsa,
o
-lisans, özgür olarak tanımlamak için çok kısıtlayıcıdır.
+One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
+subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot
+merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as free
+software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
+other words, it does not have to be a <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
+that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
+license.
</p>
<p>
@@ -131,15 +139,14 @@
</p>
<p>
-<q>Ãzgür yazılım</q>, <q>ticari olmayan</q> demek deÄildir. Ãzgür bir
-program, ticari kullanım, ticari geliÅtirme ve ticari daÄıtım için
-kullanılabilir. Ãzgür yazılımların ticari geliÅtirilmeleri artık
alıÅılmadık
-bir durum deÄil; artık özgür ticari yazılımlar çok önemlidir. Ãzgür
-yazılımın kopylarına sahip olmak için ücret ödemeniz gerekebilir veya
-kopyaları hiçbir ücret karÅılıÄı olmadan da edinmiÅ olabilirsiniz.
Kopyalara
-nasıl sahip olduÄunuzdan baÄımsız olarak, herzaman için yazılımın
kopyalama,
-deÄiÅtirme ve hatta <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">kopyalarını
satma</a>
-haklarına sahipsinizdir.
+<q>Free software</q> does not mean <q>noncommercial.</q> A free program must
+be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial
+distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual;
+such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to
+get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
+But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to
+copy and change the software, even to <a
+href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -150,22 +157,28 @@
</p>
<p>
-Yeniden düzenlenmiŠbir sürümü paketlemeye dair kurallar, yeniden
-düzenlenmiÅ sürümleri, yayınlama özgürlüÄünüzü engellemediÄi
sürece ya da
-yeniden düzenlenmiŠsürümler yapmanıza ve özel olarak kullanmanıza izin
-verdiÄi sürece kabul eidilebilirler. Aynı Åekilde, <q>eÄer bu yolla
sürümü
-kullanılabilir yaparsanız, Åu halde de ulaÅılabilir yapmanız gerekir</q>
-kuralları da kabul edilebilir. (Bunun gibi bir kural hala size kendi
-sürümünüzü yayınlayıp yayınlamama seçeneÄi bırakıyor.) Kendi
sürümlerinizi
-kamuya açarken, sürümlerin kaynak kodunun yayınlanmasına dair kurallar da
-kabul edilebilirler. Lisansın, eÄer deÄiÅtirilmiÅ bir sürümü
daÄıttıysanız
-ve bir önceki geliÅtirici bir kopya istediÄinde, bir tane göndermek zorunda
-olmanız veya yaptıÄınız deÄiÅikliklerde kendinizi tanıtmanızı
gerektirmesi
-de kabul edilebilirdir.
+However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if
+they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or
+your freedom to make and use modified versions privately. Rules that <q>if
+you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in
+that way also</q> can be acceptable too, on the same condition. (Note that
+such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether to publish your version
+at all.) Rules that require release of source code to the users for
+versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. It is also
+acceptable for the license to require that you identify your modifications
+as yours, or that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous
+developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one.
</p>
<p>
-http://www.google.com/profiles/pittle.org
+In the GNU project, we use <q><a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></q> to protect these freedoms
+legally for everyone. But <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">non-copylefted
+free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>, but
+if your program is non-copylefted free software, it is still basically
+ethical.
</p>
<p>
@@ -188,35 +201,32 @@
</p>
<p>
-Birçok özgür yazılım lisansı telif hakkına dayanır ve ne gibi
-gereksinimlerin telif hakkına dayatılacaÄına dair sınırlamalar vardır.
EÄer
-bir telif hakkı tabanlı lisans, yukarıda açıkladıÄımız
özgürlüklere saygı
-gösteriyorsa, daha önce beklemediÄimiz herhangi türden bir sorunla
-karÅılaÅma olasılıÄımız zayıf olacaktır (aslında bu ara sıra
olur). Buna
-raÄmen, bazı özgür yazılım lisansları sözleÅmelere dayanmaktadır ve
bazı
-sözleÅmeler, olaÄan kısıtlamalara geniÅ bir Åekilde
dayatılabilmektedir. Bu
-da, bir lisansın kabul edilemez kısıtlamalara ve özgür olarak kabul
-edilmemesine dair mümkün birçok yol olduÄunu belirtir.
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on
+what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is
+unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Büyük olasılıkla, olabilecek tüm yolları burada listeleyemeyebiliriz.
EÄer
-bir sözleÅme tabanlı lisans, kullanıcıyı telif hakkı tabanlı bir
lisansın
-yapamayacaÄı, alıÅılmadık bir Åekilde kısıtlarsa ve burada meÅru
olarak
-açıklanmamıÅsa, o halde bu konu hakkında düÅünmemiz gerekir ve bunu
-herhalde, özgür olmayan bir lisans olarak tanımlayacaÄızdır.
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based
+license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
+about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree.
</p>
<p>
-Ãzgür yazılım hakkında konuÅurken <q>bedava</q> gibi terimler
kullanmaktan
-kaçınmak en iyisidir. Ãünkü insanlar, konunun özgürlükle ilgili deÄil,
-parayla ilgili olduÄunu sanabilirler. <q>Korsanlık</q> gibi bazı genel
-terimleri temsil eden düÅünceleri desteklemeyeceÄinizi umuyoruz. Bu
terimler
-ile ilgili bir tartıÅma için <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Kullanmaktan Kaçınılması Gereken
-Kelimeler ve Deyimler</a> sayfasına bakabilirsiniz. <a
-href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html"><q>özgür yazılım</q></a>
kavramının
-birçok dile çevirisini içeren bir listemiz var.
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+<q>give away</q> or <q>for free,</q> because those terms imply that the
+issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as <q>piracy</q>
+embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that are
+Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of
+proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of <q>free
+software</q></a> into various languages.
</p>
<p>
@@ -243,17 +253,17 @@
</p>
<p>
-EÄer yeni bir lisans yazmayı düÅünüyorsanız, bu adrese yazarak FSF ile
-irtibat kurunuz. DeÄiÅik özgür yazılım lisanslarının çoÄalması,
-kullanıcıların lisansları anlayabilmek için daha fazla çaba sarf edeceÄi
-anlamına gelir; belki sizin için, gereksinimlerinizi karÅılayabilecek
mevcut
-bir Ãzgür Yazılım lisansı bulmanızda yardımcı olabiliriz.
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free
+Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of
+different free software licenses means increased work for users in
+understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free
+software license that meets your needs.
</p>
<p>
-EÄer bu olanaksızsa ve gerçekten yeni bir lisansa gereksiniminiz varsa,
-bizim yardımımızla, lisansınızın bir Ãzgür Yazılım lisansı
olduÄunu temin
-edebilir ve olası uygulama sorunlarından kurtulabilirsiniz.
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you
+can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid
+various practical problems.
</p>
<h2 id="beyond-software">Yazılımın Yanında</h2>
@@ -298,6 +308,17 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies of
+your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate in someone
+else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as free
+software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Sürüm
1.80</a>: 1 numaralı özgürlük uygulanabilir olmalıdır, yalnızca teorik
deÄil; örn., tivolaÅtırma olmamalı.</li>
@@ -475,7 +496,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Son Güncelleme:
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:10 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: x.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- x.fr.html 2 Aug 2009 20:29:44 -0000 1.10
+++ x.fr.html 29 Jan 2010 09:25:52 -0000 1.11
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
</p>
<p>
-Copyleft ou pas ? C'est l'une des controverses majeures dans la
-communauté du logiciel libre. L'idée du copyleft est que nous
-devrions combattre le feu par le feu — que nous devrions utiliser
-le copyright pour être sûr que notre code reste libre. La GPL
-GNU est un exemple de licence copyleft.</p>
+To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major controversies in
+the free software community. The idea of copyleft is that we should fight
+fire with fire—that we should use copyright to make sure our code
+stays free. The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) is one example of a
+copyleft license.</p>
<p>
Certains développeurs de logiciel libre préfèrent une
@@ -48,13 +48,11 @@
logiciel sous copyleft ne peut pas figurer dans une distribution X.</p>
<p>
-Pourquoi le Consortium X a t-il adopté cette politique ? Cela
-avait trait à leur définition du succès. Le Consortium
-X a défini le succès comme étant la popularité
-— spécifiquement en obtenant des sociétés
-informatiques d'utiliser le système X Window. Cette définition
-a mis les sociétés informatiques aux commandes. Tout ce
-qu'elles voulaient, le Consortium X devait les aider à l'obtenir.</p>
+Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their
+conception of success. The X Consortium defined success as
+popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to use the X
+Window System. This definition put the computer companies in the driver's
+seat: whatever they wanted, the X Consortium had to help them get it.</p>
<p>
Les sociétés informatiques distribuent normalement des
@@ -71,20 +69,16 @@
n'était même pas un sacrifice.</p>
<p>
-Mais le sacrifice de soi n'est pas le problème : rejeter la
-défense que fournit le copyleft, qui protège l'ensemble de la
-communauté, est un sacrifice qui dépasse sa propre
-personne. Ceux qui ont accédé à la requête du
-Consortium X ont confié le futur de la communauté au bon
-vouloir du Consortium X.</p>
+But self-sacrifice is not the issue: tossing away the defense that copyleft
+provides, which protects the freedom of the whole community, is sacrificing
+more than yourself. Those who granted the X Consortium's request entrusted
+the community's future to the goodwill of the X Consortium.</p>
<p>
-Cette confiance était mal placée. Dans sa dernière
-année, le Consortium X a fait le projet de restreindre la version
-X11R6.4 à paraître, de sorte qu'elle ne sera pas un logiciel
-libre. Ils ont décidé de commencer à dire non, pas
-seulement aux développeurs de logiciel propriétaire, mais
-également à notre communauté.</p>
+This trust was misplaced. In its last year, the X Consortium made a plan to
+restrict the forthcoming X11R6.4 release so that it would not be free
+software. They decided to start saying no, not only to proprietary software
+developers, but to our community as well.</p>
<p>
C'est plutôt ironique. Si vous aviez dit oui quand le Consortium X
@@ -93,41 +87,32 @@
programme, en plus du code du noyau de X.</p>
<p>
-Le Consortium X n'a pas mis à exécution son projet. Au lieu de
-cela, il s'est arrêté et a transféré le
-développement de X à l'Open Group, dont le personnel
-exécute à présent un projet similaire. Pour leur rendre
-justice, quand je leur ai demandé de réaliser X11R6.4 sous les
-termes de la GPL GNU parallèlement à leur projet de licence
-restrictive, ils ont souhaité réfléchir à la
-question. (Ils étaient fermement opposés à
-l'idée de conserver les termes de distribution de l'ancien
-X11). Avant qu'ils ne répondent à cette proposition, elle
-avait déjà échoué pour une autre raison :
-le groupe <a href="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86</a> avait suivi
-l'ancienne politique du Consortium X, et n'accepterait pas de logiciel sous
-copyleft.
+The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down and
+transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now carrying
+out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them to release
+X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned restrictive
+license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They were firmly against
+staying with the old X11 distribution terms.) Before they said yes or no to
+this proposal, it had already failed for another reason: the XFree86 group
+followed the X Consortium's old policy, and will not accept copylefted
+software.
</p>
<p>
-[En septembre 1998, plusieurs mois après la sortie de X11R6.4
-assortie des termes de distribution non-libre, l'Open Group changea d'avis
-et ressortit cette version sous les mêmes termes de licence de
-logiciel libre sans copyleft que ceux utilisés pour la version
-X11R6.3. Merci l'Open Group.]
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Même si le Consortium X et l'Open Group n'avaient jamais prévu
-de restreindre X, quelqu'un d'autre aurait pu le faire. Les logiciels sans
-copyleft sont vulnérables à tous points de vue; il permet
-à quiconque de réaliser une version non-libre dominante, s'il
-investit suffisamment de moyens pour ajouter des fonctionnalités
-significatives importantes utilisant du code propriétaire. Les
-utilisateurs qui choisissent un logiciel basé sur des
-caractéristiques techniques, plutôt que sur la liberté,
-pourraient facilement être attirés par la version non-libre
-pour des questions de commodités à court terme.</p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with nonfree
+distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and rereleased it
+under the same non-copyleft free software license that was used for
+X11R6.3. Thus, the Open Group therefore eventually did what was right, but
+that does not alter the general issue.</p>
+
+<p>
+Even if the X Consortium and the Open Group had never planned to restrict X,
+someone else could have done it. Non-copylefted software is vulnerable from
+all directions; it lets anyone make a nonfree version dominant, if he will
+invest sufficient resources to add significantly important features using
+proprietary code. Users who choose software based on technical
+characteristics, rather than on freedom, could easily be lured to the
+nonfree version for short-term convenience.</p>
<p>
Le Consortium X et l'Open Group ne peuvent plus à présent
@@ -136,18 +121,15 @@
relatif à X.</p>
<p>
-Quand vous travaillez sur le noyau de X, sur des programmes tels que X
-server, Xlib, et Xt, il y a une raison pratique de ne pas utiliser le
-copyleft. Le groupe XFree86 fait un travail important pour la
-communauté en maintenant ces programmes, et le bénéfice
-de mettre nos changements sous copyleft seraient moindres que le tort fait
-par une branche dans le développement. Aussi, il est
-préférable de travailler avec le groupe XFree86 et de ne pas
-mettre sous copyleft nos changements sur ces programmes. Tout comme pour les
-utilitaires tels que xset et xrdb, qui sont proches du noyau de X et qui
-n'ont pas besoin d'améliorations majeures. Nous savons au moins que
-le groupe XFree86 a la ferme intention de développer ces programmes
-en tant que logiciels libres.</p>
+When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server, Xlib, and
+Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The X.org group does
+an important job for the community in maintaining these programs, and the
+benefit of copylefting our changes would be less than the harm done by a
+fork in development. So it is better to work with them, and not copyleft
+our changes on these programs. Likewise for utilities such as xset and
+xrdb, which are close to the core of X and do not need major improvements.
+At least we know that the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing
+these programs as free software.</p>
<p>
Le problème est différent pour les programmes
@@ -157,12 +139,11 @@
devrions le faire.</p>
<p>
-Au cas ou quelqu'un ressentirait la pression exercée par le
-critère d'inclusion dans les distributions X, le projet GNU
-entreprendra de de rendre publics les paquetages sous copyleft qui
-fonctionnent avec X. Si vous voulez mettre sous copyleft quelque chose, et
-que vous craignez que son omission dans la distribution de X gêne sa
-popularité, veuillez nous contacter pour vous aider.</p>
+In case anyone feels the pressure exerted by the criteria for inclusion in
+the X distributions, the GNU Project will undertake to publicize copylefted
+packages that work with X. If you would like to copyleft something, and you
+worry that its omission from the X distribution will impede its popularity,
+please ask us to help.</p>
<p>
En même temps, il est préférable de ne pas ressentir un
@@ -180,12 +161,10 @@
programme avec copyleft, une fois que vous l'aurez mis au défi.</p>
<p>
-Compagnons, développeurs de logiciel libre, ne refaites pas cette
-erreur. Si nous ne mettons pas nos logiciels sous copyleft, nous mettons
-leur futur à la merci de quiconque dispose de plus de moyens que de
-scrupules. Avec le copyleft, nous pouvons défendre notre
-liberté, pas seulement la nôtre, mais celle de l'ensemble de la
-communauté.</p>
+Friends, free software developers, don't repeat old mistakes! If we do not
+copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone equipped
+with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can defend freedom,
+not just for ourselves, but for our whole community.</p>
<div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -218,9 +197,9 @@
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 1999 Richard M. Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et la
-distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel support
-d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée.
+Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2009 Richard M. Stallman <br /> Verbatim
+copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium
+without royalty provided this notice is preserved.
</p>
@@ -233,7 +212,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2009/08/02 20:29:44 $
+$Date: 2010/01/29 09:25:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
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