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www home.ru.shtml gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html gnu...
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www home.ru.shtml gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html gnu... |
|
Date: |
Sun, 29 Jun 2008 20:26:18 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 08/06/29 20:26:17
Modified files:
. : home.ru.shtml
gnu : why-gnu-linux.it.html
gnu/po : fs-user-groups.pot gnu-user-groups.pot
philosophy : java-trap.it.html
speeches-and-interview.bg.html
philosophy/po : speeches-and-interview.bg.po
speeches-and-interview.pot
Added files:
philosophy/po : gpl-american-dream.pot gpl-american-way.pot
greve-clown.pot guardian-article.pot hague.pot
historical-apsl.pot
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/home.ru.shtml?cvsroot=www&r1=1.81&r2=1.82
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/fs-user-groups.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/java-trap.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.bg.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.bg.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/greve-clown.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/guardian-article.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/hague.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/historical-apsl.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: home.ru.shtml
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/home.ru.shtml,v
retrieving revision 1.81
retrieving revision 1.82
diff -u -b -r1.81 -r1.82
--- home.ru.shtml 28 Jun 2008 20:25:20 -0000 1.81
+++ home.ru.shtml 29 Jun 2008 20:25:28 -0000 1.82
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
<li><strong>ÐолгоÑÑоÑное ÑодейÑÑвие:</strong>
<a href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">ТÑебÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑководиÑели
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑледÑÑÑиÑ
GNU пакеÑов:</a>
-<a href="/software/dotgnu-forum/>dotgnu-forum</a>,
+<a href="/software/dotgnu-forum/">dotgnu-forum</a>,
<a href="/software/ffp/">ffp</a>,
<a href="/software/gnuprologjava/">gnuprologjava</a>,
<a href="/software/gnutrition/">gnutrition</a>,
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
- $Date: 2008/06/28 20:25:20 $
+ $Date: 2008/06/29 20:25:28 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html 31 Mar 2006 16:01:41 -0000 1.2
+++ gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html 29 Jun 2008 20:25:50 -0000 1.3
@@ -1,283 +1,305 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
- <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html;
- charset=ISO-8859-1">
- <TITLE>Perché GNU/Linux? - Progetto GNU - Free Software
- Foundation (FSF)</TITLE>
- <LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:address@hidden";>
- <LINK REV="translated" HREF="mailto:address@hidden";>
- <META NAME="Description"
- CONTENT="Tradotto originariamente da
- Giorgio V. Felchero e Paola Blason -
- address@hidden
- Modifiche successive di Christopher R. Gabriel,
- Francesco Potorti', Alessandro Rubini,
- Giorgio V. Felchero e Paola Blason - bfteam">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000"
-VLINK="#9900DD">
-<H3>Che cosa c'è in un nome?</H3>
-<BR>di:- <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>
-<P>
-<!-- when you replace this graphics, make sure you change the link
- to also point to the correct html page.
- If you make a new graphics for this page, make sure it has
- a corresponding entry in /graphics/graphics.html -->
-<A HREF="/graphics/agnuhead.it.html"><IMG SRC="/graphics/gnu-head-sm.jpg"
- ALT=" [immagine della testa di uno GNU] "
- WIDTH="129" HEIGHT="122"></A>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
- <A HREF="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">Catalano</A>
-| <A HREF="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Inglese</A>
-| <A HREF="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">Italiano</A>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-]
-
-<P>
-I nomi trasmettono significati; la scelta che facciamo dei nomi
-determina il significato di ciò che diciamo. Un nome
-inappropriato comunica agli interlocutori un'idea sbagliata. Una
-rosa, qualsiasi nome abbia, avrebbe comunque un buon profumo,
-ma se la chiamiamo penna, gli interlocutori saranno piuttosto
-disorientati quando la utilizzeranno per scrivere.
-E se chiamiamo "rose" le penne, può darsi che gli interlocutori
-non capiscano a che cosa servano. Se chiamiamo "Linux" il nostro
-sistema operativo, verrà trasmessa un'idea sbagliata dell'origine,
-storia e scopo del sistema. Se lo chiamiamo
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a>, verrà
-trasmessa (anche se non in dettaglio) un'idea accurata.
-
-<P>
-Questo è importante per la nostra comunità? E' importante
-che si conoscano l'origine, la storia e lo scopo del sistema? Sì,
-perché chi dimentica la storia è spesso condannato a
-ripeterla. Il Mondo Libero che si è sviluppato intorno a
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> non è
-sicuro; i problemi che ci hanno portato a sviluppare GNU
-non sono stati completamente eliminati e minacciano di
-ripresentarsi.
-
-<P>
-Quando spiego perché è più appropriato chiamare il sistema
-operativo "GNU/Linux" invece che "Linux", a volte ottengo questa risposta:
-<P>
-<blockquote>
-<em>
- Ammesso che il Progetto GNU merita riconoscimento per
- questo lavoro, vale davvero la pena di preoccuparsi quando
- non gli viene dato credito? La cosa importante non è forse
- che il lavoro sia stato fatto, non chi l'abbia fatto? Dovete
- rilassarvi, essere orgogliosi del lavoro ben fatto e non
- preoccuparvi del riconoscimento.
-</em>
-</blockquote>
-<P>
-Questo sarebbe un saggio consiglio, se solo la situazione fosse
-questa, se il lavoro fosse terminato e se fosse il momento di
-rilassarci. Se soltanto questo fosse vero! Ma le sfide abbondano
-e questo non è il momento di ipotecare il futuro. La forza
-della nostra comunità sta nel dedicarsi alla libertà
-e alla cooperazione. Utilizzare il nome
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> è un modo
-perché le persone si ricordino e informino gli altri di questi
-obiettivi.
-
-<P>
-E' possibile scrivere del buon software libero senza pensare a
-GNU; parecchio buon lavoro è stato fatto anche nel nome di
-Linux. Ma "Linux" è stato associato fin dalla sua creazione
-ad una filosofia che non è vincolata alla libertà di
-cooperare. E avremo ancora più problemi a farlo associare
-allo spirito comunitario dal momento che il nome viene
-utilizzato sempre di più dal mondo degli affari.
-
-<P>
-Una grande sfida al futuro del software libero viene dalla tendenza
-delle società che distribuiscono "Linux" ad aggiungere software
-non libero a <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a>
-nel nome della convenienza e del potere. Lo fanno tutti gli
-sviluppatori delle maggiori distribuzioni commerciali: tra queste,
-solamente Red Hat offre un prodotto in CD completamente libero, ma
-non lo si trova in nessun negozio; le altre società non
-producono nemmeno qualcosa del genere. La maggior parte delle
-società non permette di identificare chiaramente i pacchetti
-non liberi delle loro distribuzioni; molte perfino sviluppano
-software non libero e lo aggiungono al sistema.
-
-<P>
-Le persone giustificano l'inserimento di software non libero in nome
-della "popolarità di Linux", dando in effetti maggior valore alla
-popolarità rispetto alla libertà. Talvolta viene ammesso
-apertamente. Per esempio la rivista Wired, dice Robert
-McMillan, editore di Linux Magazine, "percepisce che lo
-spostamento verso il software open source dovrebbe
-essere alimentato da decisioni tecniche piuttosto che politiche."
-E l'amministratore delegato (CEO) di Caldera ha apertamente esortato
-gli utenti ad abbandonare l'obiettivo della libertà ed a
-lavorare invece per la "popolarità di Linux".
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Perché GNU/Linux? - Progetto GNU - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+
+<h2>Cosa c'è in un nome?</h2>
+
+<p>di <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
</p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>Per ulteriori informazioni su questo problema leggere la <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, la pagina su <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">Linux e il progetto GNU</a> e la pagina
+sugli <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">utenti GNU che non
+hanno mai sentito parlare di GNU</a>.</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+I nomi trasmettono significati; la scelta che facciamo dei nomi determina il
+significato di ciò che diciamo. Un nome inappropriato comunica agli
+interlocutori un'idea sbagliata. Una rosa, qualsiasi nome abbia, avrebbe
+comunque un buon profumo, ma se la chiamiamo penna, gli interlocutori
+saranno piuttosto disorientati quando la utilizzeranno per scrivere. E se
+chiamiamo "rose" le penne, può darsi che gli interlocutori non capiscano a
+che cosa servano. Se chiamiamo "Linux" il nostro sistema operativo, verrÃ
+trasmessa un'idea sbagliata dell'origine, storia e scopo del sistema. Se lo
+chiamiamo <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a>, verrÃ
+trasmessa (anche se non in dettaglio) un'idea accurata.</p>
+<p>
+Questo è importante per la nostra comunità ? E' importante che si conoscano
+l'origine, la storia e lo scopo del sistema? Sì, perché chi dimentica la
+storia è spesso condannato a ripeterla. Il Mondo Libero che si è sviluppato
+intorno a <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> non è sicuro; i
+problemi che ci hanno portato a sviluppare GNU non sono stati completamente
+eliminati e minacciano di ripresentarsi.</p>
+
+<p>
+Quando spiego perché è più appropriato chiamare il sistema operativo
+"GNU/Linux" invece che "Linux", a volte ottengo questa risposta:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em> Ammesso che il Progetto GNU merita riconoscimento per questo
+lavoro, vale davvero la pena di preoccuparsi quando non gli viene dato
+credito? La cosa importante non è forse che il lavoro sia stato fatto,
+non chi l'abbia fatto? Dovete rilassarvi, essere orgogliosi del lavoro
+ben fatto e non preoccuparvi del riconoscimento.</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+Questo sarebbe un saggio consiglio, se solo la situazione fosse questa, se
+il lavoro fosse terminato e se fosse il momento di rilassarci. Se soltanto
+questo fosse vero! Ma le sfide abbondano e questo non è il momento di
+ipotecare il futuro. La forza della nostra comunità sta nel dedicarsi alla
+libertà e alla cooperazione. Utilizzare il nome <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> è un modo perché le persone
+si ricordino e informino gli altri di questi obiettivi.</p>
+
+<p>
+E' possibile scrivere del buon software libero senza pensare a GNU;
+parecchio buon lavoro è stato fatto anche nel nome di Linux. Ma "Linux" è
+stato associato fin dalla sua creazione ad una filosofia che non è vincolata
+alla libertà di cooperare. E avremo ancora più problemi a farlo associare
+allo spirito comunitario dal momento che il nome viene utilizzato sempre di
+più dal mondo degli affari. </p>
+
+<p>
+Una grande sfida al futuro del software libero viene dalla tendenza delle
+società che distribuiscono "Linux" ad aggiungere software non libero a <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> nel nome della convenienza e
+del potere. Lo fanno tutti gli sviluppatori delle maggiori distribuzioni
+commerciali: nessuna produce una distribuzione che sia completamente
+libera. La maggior parte delle società non permette di identificare
+chiaramente i pacchetti non liberi delle loro distribuzioni; molte perfino
+sviluppano software non libero e lo aggiungono al sistema. Alcune,
+sprezzantemente, pubblicizzano sistemi "Linux" con "licenze per postazione",
+che danno all'utente la stessa libertà che gli è data da Microsoft
Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+Le persone giustificano l'inserimento di software non libero in nome della
+"popolarità di Linux", dando in effetti maggior valore alla popolaritÃ
+rispetto alla libertà . Talvolta viene ammessoapertamente. Per esempio la
+rivista Wired, dice che Robert McMillan, curatore di Linux Magazine,
+"percepisce che lo spostamento verso il software open source dovrebbe essere
+alimentato da decisioni tecniche piuttosto che politiche". E
+l'amministratore delegato (CEO) di Caldera ha apertamente esortato gli
+utenti ad abbandonare l'obiettivo della libertà ed a lavorare invece per la
+"popolarità di Linux".</p>
+
+<!--Link is dead
<a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html";>
(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html.)</a>
-
-<P>
-Inserire software non libero nel sistema
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> può
-aumentarne la popolarità, se per popolarità intendiamo
-il numero di persone che utilizza alcuni
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a>
-insieme a software non libero. Ma allo stesso tempo incoraggia
-implicitamente la comunità ad accettare software non libero
-come fatto positivo e a dimenticare l'obiettivo della libertà.
-Non ha senso guidare più velocemente per poi uscire di strada.
-
-<P>
-Quando l' "add-on" non libero è una libreria o uno strumento di
-programmazione può diventare una trappola per gli sviluppatori
-di software libero. Quando scrivono del software che dipende
-dal pacchetto non libero, il loro software non può essere parte
-di un sistema completamente libero. Motif e Qt hanno intrappolato
-in questo modo, nel passato, grandi quantità di software libero,
-creando problemi la cui soluzione ha richiesto anni. Il problema
-Motif non è ancora completamente risolto, dal momento che
-LessTif ha bisogno di qualche rifinitura (offritevi volontari!).
-L'implementazione Java non libera della Sun ha in questo
-momento un effetto simile.
-
-<P>
-Se la nostra comunità continua a muoversi in questa direzione
-potrebbe mutare il futuro di
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> in un mosaico
-di componenti liberi e non liberi. Fra cinque anni avremo
-sicuramente ancora moltissimo software libero; ma se non
-faremo attenzione sarà a malapena utilizzabile senza il
-software non libero con cui gli utenti si aspettano di trovarlo. Se
-succederà, la nostra campagna per la libertà
-sarà fallita.
-
-<P>
-Se rilasciare alternative libere fosse semplicemente un problema
-di programmazione, la soluzione di problemi futuri potrebbe
-diventare più facile dal momento che aumentano le risorse
-per lo sviluppo della nostra comunità. Ma dovremo affrontare
-ostacoli che minacciano di renderla più difficile: le leggi che
-proibiscono il software libero. Dato che i brevetti sul software
-sono in aumento (visitate petition.eurolinux.org e sottoscrivetela!)
-e dato che le leggi come la DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act)
-vengono utilizzate per proibire lo sviluppo del software libero per
-importanti compiti come guardare un DVD o ascoltare una trasmissione
-RealAudio, per combattere i formati di dati brevettati e segreti non
-avremo altro modo se non <STRONG>rifiutare i programmi non liberi
-che li utilizzano</STRONG>.
-
-<P>
-Affrontare queste sfide richiederà molti sforzi di diverso
-genere. Ma ciò di cui abbiamo soprattutto bisogno, per
-fronteggiare qualsiasi tipo di sfida, è ricordare l'obiettivo
-della libertà di cooperare. Non possiamo aspettarci che il
-solo desiderio di avere del software potente e affidabile motivi
-le persone a impegnarsi molto. Abbiamo bisogno del tipo di
-determinazione che si ha quando si combatte per la libertà
-e la comunità, la determinazione a continuare per anni e a
-non mollare.
-
-<P>
-Nella nostra comunità, questo obiettivo e questa determinazione
-provengono principalmente dal Progetto GNU. Siamo noi quelli
-che parlano della libertà e della comunità come qualcosa
-su cui non cedere; le organizzazioni che parlano di "Linux"
-normalmente non lo dicono. Le riviste su "Linux" sono normalmente
-piene di annunci che pubblicizzano il software non libero;
-le società che pacchettizzano "Linux" aggiungono al sistema
-software non libero; altre società "supportano Linux" con
-applicazioni non libere; gli user group di "Linux" invitano
-normalmente i fornitori a presentare queste applicazioni.
-E' probabile che anche persone di rilievo della nostra
-comunità si imbattano nell'idea di libertà e
-nella determinazione che c'è nel Progetto GNU.
-
-<P>
-Ma quando le persone vi si imbattono, sentono che riguarda anche loro?
-
-<P>
-Chi sa che sta utilizzando un sistema proveniente dal Progetto
-GNU riesce a vedere una relazione diretta tra se stesso e GNU.
-Non sarà automaticamente d'accordo con la nostra filosofia, ma
-vedrà almeno un motivo per pensarci seriamente. Al contrario,
-chi si considera un "utente Linux" e crede che il Progetto GNU
-"abbia sviluppato strumenti che si sono rivelati utili per Linux",
-percepisce normalmente soltanto una relazione indiretta tra sé
-e GNU. Questo tipo di persona potrebbe semplicemente ignorare
-la filosofia GNU quando vi si imbatte.
-
-<P>
-Il Progetto GNU è idealistico e chiunque incoraggi l'idealismo
-oggi deve affrontare un grande ostacolo: l'ideologia prevalente
-incoraggia a rifiutare l'idealismo in quanto "irrealizzabile". Il
-nostro idealismo è stato estremamente pratico: è il motivo
-per cui abbiamo un sistema operativo
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> libero.
-Chi ama questo sistema deve sapere che è il nostro
-idealismo divenuto reale.
-
-<P>
-Se "il lavoro" fosse davvero già terminato, se non ci fosse
-niente in gioco oltre al riconoscimento, forse sarebbe più
-saggio lasciar cadere la questione. Ma non siamo in questa posizione.
-Per stimolare le persone a fare il lavoro che deve essere fatto,
-abbiamo bisogno che ci venga riconosciuto il lavoro fatto
-finora. Per favore aiutateci, chiamando
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> il sistema
-operativo.
-
-<P>
-PS. Per una spiegazione della storia del sistema
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> in relazione
-alla questione del giusto nome da attribuirgli, consultate
-<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html";>
-http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html.</a>
-
-
-<P>
-<HR>
-
-[
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
- <A HREF="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">Catalano</A>
-| <A HREF="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Inglese</A>
-| <A HREF="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">Italiano</A>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
-<!-- PLEASE UPDATE THE LIST AT THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) OF THE PAGE TOO! -->
-]
-
-<P>
-<HR>
-Ritorna alla <A HREF="/home.it.html">pagina principale di GNU</A>.
-<P>
-Per informazioni e domande sulla FSF e GNU rivolgersi,
-possibilmente in inglese, a
-<A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";><EM>address@hidden</EM></A>.
-Altri <A HREF="/home.it.html#ContactInfo">modi per contattare</A> la FSF.
-<P>
-Commenti relativi a queste pagine web a
-<A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";>
-<EM>address@hidden</EM></A>, altre domande a
-<A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";><EM>address@hidden</EM></A>.
-
-<P>
-Copyright 2000 Richard Stallman
-La copia letterale e la ridistribuzione di questo articolo nella sua
-integrità sono permesse con qualsiasi mezzo a condizione che
-questa nota e la nota sul copyright siano riprodotte.
-<P>
-Aggiornamento:
-<!-- hhmts start -->
- 7 dicembre 2000 bfteam
-<!-- hhmts end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+-->
+<p>
+Inserire software non libero nel sistema <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> può aumentarne la
+popolarità , se per popolarità intendiamo il numero di persone che utilizza
+parti di <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> insieme a
+software non libero. Ma allo stesso tempo incoraggia implicitamente la
+comunità ad accettare software non libero come fatto positivo e a
+dimenticare l'obiettivo della libertà . Non ha senso guidare più velocemente
+per poi uscire di strada.</p>
+
+<p>
+Quando l' "add-on" non libero è una libreria o uno strumento di
+programmazione può diventare una trappola per gli sviluppatori di software
+libero. Quando scrivono del software che dipende dal pacchetto non libero,
+il loro software non può essere parte di un sistema completamente libero.
+Motif e Qt hanno intrappolato in questo modo, nel passato, grandi quantitÃ
+di software libero, creando problemi la cui soluzione ha richiesto anni. Il
+problema Motif non è ancora completamente risolto, dal momento che LessTif
+ha bisogno di qualche rifinitura (offritevi volontari!). L'implementazione
+Java non libera della Sun ha in questo momento un effetto simile: la <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">trappola Java</a> (Nota: a dicembre 2006
+Sun sta lavorando per <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>rilasciare Java
+sotto licenza GPL</a>.)</p>
+
+<p>
+Se la nostra comunità continua a muoversi in questa direzione potrebbe
+mutare il futuro di <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> in un
+mosaico di componenti liberi e non liberi. Fra cinque anni avremo
+sicuramente ancora moltissimo software libero; ma se non faremo attenzione
+sarà a malapena utilizzabile senza il software non libero con cui gli utenti
+si aspettano di trovarlo. Se succederà , la nostra campagna per la libertÃ
+sarà fallita.</p>
+
+<p>
+Se rilasciare alternative libere fosse semplicemente un problema di
+programmazione, la soluzione di problemi futuri potrebbe diventare più
+facile dal momento che aumentano le risorse per lo sviluppo della nostra
+comunità . Ma dovremo affrontare ostacoli che minacciano di renderla più
+difficile: le leggi che proibiscono il software libero. Dato che i brevetti
+sul software sono in aumento (visitate petition.eurolinux.org e
+sottoscrivetela!) e dato che le leggi come la DMCA (Digital Millennium
+Copyright Act) vengono utilizzate per proibire lo sviluppo del software
+libero per importanti compiti come guardare un DVD o ascoltare una
+trasmissione RealAudio, per combattere i formati di dati brevettati e
+segreti non avremo altro modo se non <strong>rifiutare i programmi non
+liberi che li utilizzano</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Affrontare queste sfide richiederà molti sforzi di diverso genere. Ma ciò di
+cui abbiamo soprattutto bisogno, per fronteggiare qualsiasi tipo di sfida, è
+ricordare l'obiettivo della libertà di cooperare. Non possiamo aspettarci
+che il solo desiderio di avere del software potente e affidabile motivi le
+persone a impegnarsi molto. Abbiamo bisogno del tipo di determinazione che
+si ha quando si combatte per la libertà e la comunità , la determinazione a
+continuare per anni e a non mollare.</p>
+
+<p>
+Nella nostra comunità , questo obiettivo e questa determinazione provengono
+principalmente dal Progetto GNU. Siamo noi quelli che parlano della libertÃ
+e della comunità come qualcosa su cui non cedere; le organizzazioni che
+parlano di "Linux" normalmente non lo dicono. Le riviste su "Linux" sono
+normalmente piene di annunci che pubblicizzano il software non libero; le
+società che pacchettizzano "Linux" aggiungono al sistema software non
+libero; altre società "supportano Linux" con applicazioni non libere; gli
+user group di "Linux" invitano normalmente i fornitori a presentare queste
+applicazioni. Il luogo dove è più probabile che persone della nostra
+comunità si imbattano nell'idea di libertà e nella determinazione è il
+Progetto GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ma quando le persone vi si imbattono, sentono che riguarda anche loro?</p>
+
+<p>
+Chi sa che sta utilizzando un sistema proveniente dal Progetto GNU riesce a
+vedere una relazione diretta tra se stesso e GNU. Non sarà automaticamente
+d'accordo con la nostra filosofia, ma vedrà almeno un motivo per pensarci
+seriamente. Al contrario, chi si considera un "utente Linux" e crede che il
+Progetto GNU "abbia sviluppato strumenti che si sono rivelati utili per
+Linux", percepisce normalmente soltanto una relazione indiretta tra sé e
+GNU. Questo tipo di persona potrebbe semplicemente ignorare la filosofia GNU
+quando vi si imbatte.</p>
+
+<p>
+Il Progetto GNU è idealistico e chiunque incoraggi l'idealismo oggi deve
+affrontare un grande ostacolo: l'ideologia prevalente incoraggia a rifiutare
+l'idealismo in quanto "irrealizzabile". Il nostro idealismo è stato
+estremamente pratico: è il motivo per cui abbiamo un sistema operativo <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> libero. Chi ama questo
+sistema deve sapere che è il nostro idealismo divenuto reale.</p>
+
+<p>
+Se "il lavoro" fosse davvero già terminato, se non ci fosse niente in gioco
+oltre al riconoscimento, forse sarebbe più saggio lasciar cadere la
+questione. Ma non siamo in questa posizione. Per stimolare le persone a fare
+il lavoro che deve essere fatto, abbiamo bisogno che ci venga riconosciuto
+il lavoro fatto finora. Per favore aiutateci, chiamando <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">GNU/Linux</a> il sistema operativo.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+PS. Per una spiegazione della storia del sistema GNU/Linux in relazione alla
+questione del giusto nome da attribuirgli, consultate <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html";>
+http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html</a>. Per risposte ad altre
+domande e approfondimenti su questo problema, vedete la <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.it.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Per informazioni su FSF e GNU rivolgetevi, possibilimente in inglese, a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. Ci sono anche <a
+href="/contact/">altri modi di contattare</a> la FSF. <br />Inviate
+segnalazioni di link non funzionanti e altri suggerimenti relativi alle
+pagine web a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. Grazie.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Per informazioni su come tradurre questa pagina consultate la <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guida alle
+traduzioni</a>. Per segnalare errori di traduzione o collaborare alla
+traduzione italiana delle pagine di questo sito contattate il <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-it/";>gruppo dei traduttori
+italiani</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman <br /> La copia letterale
+e la distribuzione di questo articolo nella sua integrità sono permesse con
+qualsiasi mezzo, a condizione che questa nota sia riprodotta.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Tradotto originariamente da Giorgio V. Felchero e Paola Blason. Modifiche
+successive di Christopher R. Gabriel, Francesco Potortì, Alessandro Rubini,
+Giorgio V. Felchero, Paola Blason, Andrea Pescetti.</div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Ultimo aggiornamento:
+
+$Date: 2008/06/29 20:25:50 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Traduzioni di questa pagina:</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus
+ <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm>
+ Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
+<!-- Czech -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- Greek -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Korean -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/fs-user-groups.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/fs-user-groups.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- gnu/po/fs-user-groups.pot 22 Jun 2008 20:25:17 -0000 1.2
+++ gnu/po/fs-user-groups.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:25:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-22 16:25-0400\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -117,6 +117,11 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:44
+msgid "<a href=\"#UK\" id=\"TOCUK\">United Kingdom</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:45
msgid "<a href=\"#USA\" id=\"TOCUSA\">United States</a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -326,14 +331,31 @@
msgid "<a href=\"http://www.vaslibre.org.ve\";>VaSLibre (Carabobo)</a>"
msgstr ""
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:136
+msgid "United Kingdom"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:138
+msgid "<a href=\"http://manchester.fsuk.org/\";>Manchester Free Software</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:139
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://dfey.freedomdreams.co.uk/\";>DFEY: Digital Freedom for "
+"Education and Youth</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
# type: Content of: <div>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:139
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:145
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:148
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:154
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
@@ -343,7 +365,7 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:158
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:164
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
@@ -351,19 +373,19 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:165
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:171
msgid ""
"Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free "
"Software Foundation, Inc.,"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><address>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:168
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:174
msgid "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:169
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:175
msgid ""
"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
@@ -371,17 +393,17 @@
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
# type: Content of: <div><div>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:177
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:183
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
#. timestamp start
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:179
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:185
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:187
+#: ../../gnu/po/fs-user-groups.proto:193
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr ""
Index: gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.pot 16 Jun 2008 20:27:19 -0000 1.2
+++ gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:25:56 -0000 1.3
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-16 16:25-0400\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:55 ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:323
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:55 ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:322
msgid ""
"As with our <a href=\"/links/links.html\">links page</a>, the FSF is not "
"responsible for the content of other web sites, or how up-to-date their "
@@ -818,24 +818,19 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:276
-msgid "<a href=\"http://manchester.fsuk.org/\";>Manchester Free Software</a>"
-msgstr ""
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:278
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:277
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://www.wuglug.org.uk/\";>Warwick University GNU/Linux User "
"Group</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:282
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:281
msgid "<a id=\"GLUnitedStates\">United States</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:285
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:284
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://www.lxny.org\";>LXNY — New York's Free Software "
"Organization</a>. Corresponding Secretary: <a "
@@ -843,33 +838,33 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:289
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:288
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://www.eskimo.com/~lo/linux/index.html\";>Gnubies: New York "
"GNU/Linux/Free OS Beginners Group</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:291
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:290
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://www.geocities.com/kansas_gnu_user_group\";>Kansas GNU User "
"Group</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:293
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:292
msgid "<a href=\"http://yhslug.tux.org\";>Yorktown High School Libre Users
Group</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:294
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:293
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://www.nmglug.org/\";>New Mexico GNU/Linux User Group, Santa "
"Fe, New Mexico</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:296
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:295
msgid ""
"Iowa Northwest GNU/Linux All-purpose Communal Experience (GNULACEIANW): "
"Contact Mark H. Huddleston, <a "
@@ -877,7 +872,7 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:298
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:297
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://ithacafreesoftware.org/\";>Ithaca Free Software "
"Association</a> — A <a href=\"/gnu/fs-user-groups.html\">Free "
@@ -886,143 +881,143 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:300
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:299
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://www.cabrillo.edu/associations/clug\";>Cabrillo College "
"GNU/Linux Users Group</a>, Aptos, CA."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:302
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:301
msgid "<a href=\"http://gnuwatch.com/\";>GnuWatch</a>, Fountain, CO."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:305
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:304
msgid "<a id=\"GLVenezuela\">Venezuela</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:307
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:306
msgid "<a href=\"http://www.gnulinuxtachira.org.ve/\";>GNU/Linux Tachira</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:308
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:307
msgid "<a href=\"http://www.clug.org.ve/\";>CLUG (Sucre)</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:309
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:308
msgid "<a href=\"http://www.gnulinuxtrujillo.org.ve\";>GUGLTRU (Trujillo)</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:310
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:309
msgid "<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/gugve/\";>GUGve</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:311
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:310
msgid "<a href=\"http://www.plug.org.ve\";>PLUG (Portuguesa)</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:312
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:311
msgid "<a href=\"http://www.unexlug.org.ve\";>UNEXLUG (Caracas)</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:313
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:312
msgid "<a href=\" http://www.unplug.org.ve\";>UNPLUG (Nacional)</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:316
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:315
msgid "<a id=\"GLYemen\">Yemen</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:318
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:317
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://yfosa.thinkfree.org\";>YFOSA — Yemeni Free Software "
"& Open Source Association</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:321
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:320
msgid "<a id=\"GHlist\">GNU/Hurd groups listed by country</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:327
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:326
msgid "Here are the countries which have GNU/Hurd User Groups listed:"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:331
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:330
msgid "<a href=\"#GHIndia\">Canada</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:332
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:331
msgid "<a href=\"#GHIndia\">India</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:333
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:332
msgid "<a href=\"#GHItaly\">Italy</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:334
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:333
msgid "<a href=\"#GHUK\">United Kingdom</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:337
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:336
msgid "Here are the GNU/Hurd User Groups listed by country:"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:339
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:338
msgid "<a id=\"GHCanada\">Canada</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:341
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:340
msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/thug/\";>Toronto GNU/Hurd User "
"Group</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:345
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:344
msgid "<a id=\"GHIndia\">India</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:347
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:346
msgid "<a href=\"http://i-hug.sarovar.org\";>Indian GNU/Hurd Users Group</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:350
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:349
msgid "<a id=\"GHItaly\">Italy</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:353
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:352
msgid "<a href=\"http://hurd-it.sf.net/\";>Italian Hurd User Group</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:356
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:355
msgid "<a id=\"GHUK\">United Kingdom</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:358
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:357
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://uwhug.org.uk/\";>University of Warwick GNU/HURD Users "
"Group</a>"
@@ -1030,12 +1025,12 @@
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
# type: Content of: <div>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:364
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:363
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:378
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:377
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
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"
@@ -1045,7 +1040,7 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:388
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:387
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
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@@ -1053,19 +1048,19 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:395
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:394
msgid ""
"Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free "
"Software Foundation, Inc.,"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><address>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:398
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:397
msgid "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:400
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:399
msgid ""
"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
@@ -1073,17 +1068,17 @@
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
# type: Content of: <div><div>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:408
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:407
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
#. timestamp start
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:410
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:409
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
-#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:418
+#: ../../gnu/po/gnu-user-groups.proto:417
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/java-trap.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/java-trap.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/java-trap.it.html 22 Sep 2005 23:04:50 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/java-trap.it.html 29 Jun 2008 20:26:03 -0000 1.2
@@ -1,277 +1,275 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="it">
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
-<head>
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Libero ma incatenato - La trappola Java</title>
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
-<link rev="made" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
- <link rev="translated" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
- <meta name="Description"
- content="Tradotto originariamente da Andrea Pescetti." />
-</head>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
-<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
-<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
-<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
-<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
-<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a href="#translations">Traduzioni</a> di questa pagina</p>
-
-<h3>Libero ma incatenato - La trappola Java</h3>
-
-<h4>12 aprile 2004</h4>
-
-<p><a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.it.html"><img
src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg" alt=" [immagine di uno Gnu Filosofico]
" /></a></p>
+<h2>Libero ma incatenato - La trappola Java</h2>
<p>di <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
-<hr />
+<div class="announcement"><h3>Nota</h3>
+<p>A dicembre 2006, Sun <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>sta per rilasciare
+Java sotto licenza GNU GPL</a>. Quando il cambio di licenza sarà completo,
+ci aspettiamo che Java non sia più una trappola. Ciò nonostante, il problema
+generale qui discusso rimarrà importante, perché ogni libreria o piattaforma
+non libera può causare un problema simile. Dobbiamo imparare la lezione
+della storia di Java per evitare trappole analoghe in futuro.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>12 aprile 2004</p>
<p>
-Se un vostro programma è software libero è, in linea di principio,
-accettabile, ma c'è una trappola a cui dovete stare attenti. Il
-vostro programma, benché libero di per sé, può subire restrizioni a
-causa di software non libero da cui dipende. Dato che l'esempio
-classico di questo problema è oggi quello dei programmi Java, diamo
-a questo problema il nome di "trappola Java".
+ Se un vostro programma è software libero è, in linea di principio,
+accettabile, ma c'è una trappola a cui dovete stare attenti. Il vostro
+programma, benché libero di per sé, può subire restrizioni a causa di
+software non libero da cui dipende. Dato che l'esempio classico di questo
+problema è oggi quello dei programmi Java, diamo a questo problema il nome
+di "trappola Java".
</p>
<p>
-Un programma è software libero se i suoi utenti hanno alcune libertÃ
-cruciali. Per farla breve, intendiamo: la libertà di eseguire il
-programma, la libertà di studiare e modificare il codice sorgente, la
-libertà di redistribuire il codice sorgente e il programma in formato
-binario, e la libertà di pubblicare versioni migliorate. (Si
-veda <a
+ Un programma è software libero se i suoi utenti hanno alcune libertÃ
+cruciali. Per farla breve, intendiamo: la libertà di eseguire il programma,
+la libertà di studiare e modificare il codice sorgente, la libertà di
+redistribuire il codice sorgente e il programma in formato binario, e la
+libertà di pubblicare versioni migliorate. (Si veda <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.it.html";>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.it.html</a>).
-Ã esclusivamente la licenza a determinare se uno specifico programma
-sia o meno software libero.
+Ã esclusivamente la licenza a determinare se uno specifico programma sia o
+meno software libero.
</p>
<p>
-Ã tutto un altro problema, invece, determinare se il programma possa
-essere usato nel Mondo Libero, da persone intenzionate a vivere nella
-libertà . Questo non è determinato dalla licenza del programma, perché
-nessun programma funziona da solo: ogni programma dipende da altri
-programmi. Ad esempio, un programma deve essere compilato o
-interpretato, perciò dipende da un compilatore o da un interprete; se
-compilato in bytecode, ha bisogno di un interprete bytecode; inoltre
-ha bisogno di librerie per essere eseguito, e a sua volta potrebbe
-chiamare altri programmi che girano in altri processi. Tutti questi
-programmi si chiamano dipendenze: le dipendenze possono essere
-indispensabili per l'esecuzione di un programma, oppure possono essere
-necessarie solo per alcune funzioni. In ogni modo un programma non è
-pienamente funzionale senza le sue dipendenze.
+ Ã tutto un altro problema, invece, determinare se il programma possa essere
+usato nel Mondo Libero, da persone intenzionate a vivere nella
+libertà . Questo non è determinato dalla licenza del programma, perché
nessun
+programma funziona da solo: ogni programma dipende da altri programmi. Ad
+esempio, un programma deve essere compilato o interpretato, perciò dipende
+da un compilatore o da un interprete; se compilato in bytecode, ha bisogno
+di un interprete bytecode; inoltre ha bisogno di librerie per essere
+eseguito, e a sua volta potrebbe chiamare altri programmi che girano in
+altri processi. Tutti questi programmi si chiamano dipendenze: le
+dipendenze possono essere indispensabili per l'esecuzione di un programma,
+oppure possono essere necessarie solo per alcune funzioni. In ogni modo un
+programma non è pienamente funzionale senza le sue dipendenze.
</p>
<p>
-Se alcune delle dipendenze di un programma non sono libere, quel
-programma è inutilizzabile in tutto o in parte su sistemi
-completamente liberi, non è utilizzabile nel Mondo Libero. Certo,
-potremmo comunque ridistribuirlo e copiarlo sui nostri computer, ma
-non serve a molto se è impossibile eseguirlo. Quel programma, pur
-essendo software libero, è di fatto incatenato ai suoi requisiti non
-liberi.
+ Se alcune delle dipendenze di un programma non sono libere, quel programma
è
+inutilizzabile in tutto o in parte su sistemi completamente liberi, non è
+utilizzabile nel Mondo Libero. Certo, potremmo comunque ridistribuirlo e
+copiarlo sui nostri computer, ma non serve a molto se è impossibile
+eseguirlo. Quel programma, pur essendo software libero, è di fatto
+incatenato ai suoi requisiti non liberi.
</p>
<p>
-Questo problema può manifestarsi in ogni tipo di software, in ogni
-linguaggio. Per esempio un programma che funziona solo su Microsoft
-Windows è chiaramente inutile nel Mondo Libero. Ma anche il software
-per GNU/Linux può essere inutile se richiede software non libero: in
-passato Motif (prima che avessimo LessTif) e Qt (prima che i suoi
-sviluppatori lo rendessero software libero) hanno causato problemi del
-genere. Molte schede grafiche 3D funzionano al meglio solo con driver
-non liberi, altra tipica situazione problematica. Ma la causa
-principale di questo problema di questi tempi è Java, perché chi
-scrive software libero spesso trova Java attraente: accecati dalla
-loro attrazione per questo linguaggio, non badano alla questione dei
-requisiti e cadono nella trappola Java.
+ Questo problema può manifestarsi in ogni tipo di software, in ogni
+linguaggio. Per esempio un programma che funziona solo su Microsoft Windows
+è chiaramente inutile nel Mondo Libero. Ma anche il software per GNU/Linux
+può essere inutile se richiede software non libero: in passato Motif (prima
+che avessimo LessTif) e Qt (prima che i suoi sviluppatori lo rendessero
+software libero) hanno causato problemi del genere. Molte schede grafiche 3D
+funzionano al meglio solo con driver non liberi, altra tipica situazione
+problematica. Ma la causa principale di questo problema di questi tempi è
+Java, perché chi scrive software libero spesso trova Java attraente:
+accecati dalla loro attrazione per questo linguaggio, non badano alla
+questione dei requisiti e cadono nella trappola Java.
</p>
<p>
-L'implementazione di Java realizzata da Sun non è libera. Anche
-Blackdown non è libera, è un adattamento di codice proprietario di
-Sun. E anche le librerie Java standard non sono
-libere. Implementazioni libere di Java esistono (ad esempio GCJ, il
-compilatore GNU per Java e GNU Classpath), ma non supportano ancora
-tutte le caratteristiche; stiamo ancora inseguendo.
+ L'implementazione di Java realizzata da Sun non è libera. Anche Blackdown
+non è libera, è un adattamento di codice proprietario di Sun. E anche le
+librerie Java standard non sono libere. Implementazioni libere di Java
+esistono (ad esempio <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/";>GCJ</a>, il
+compilatore GNU per Java e <a href="/software/classpath">GNU Classpath</a>),
+ma non supportano ancora tutte le caratteristiche; stiamo ancora inseguendo.
</p>
<p>
-Se sviluppate un programma Java sulla piattaforma Java di Sun,
-potreste finire per usare caratteristiche esclusive di Sun senza
-nemmeno accorgervene, e prima di scoprirlo potreste averle usate per
-mesi, al punto che sarebbero necessari mesi per rifare il
-lavoro. Potreste concludere che è troppo tardi per ricominciare, e a
-quel punto il vostro programma sarà caduto nella trappola Java: sarÃ
-inutilizzabile nel Mondo Libero.
+ Se sviluppate un programma Java sulla piattaforma Java di Sun, potreste
+finire per usare caratteristiche esclusive di Sun senza nemmeno
+accorgervene, e prima di scoprirlo potreste averle usate per mesi, al punto
+che sarebbero necessari mesi per rifare il lavoro. Potreste concludere che è
+troppo tardi per ricominciare, e a quel punto il vostro programma sarÃ
+caduto nella trappola Java: sarà inutilizzabile nel Mondo Libero.
</p>
<p>
-L'unico modo affidabile di evitare la trappola Java è quello di avere
-esclusivamente un'implementazione libera di Java sul vostro sistema:
-in questo modo vi accorgerete immediatamente se state usando una
-libreria o una caratteristica di Java che il software libero ancora
-non supporta, e potrete riscrivere quel codice subito.
+ L'unico modo affidabile di evitare la trappola Java è quello di avere
+esclusivamente un'implementazione libera di Java sul vostro sistema: in
+questo modo vi accorgerete immediatamente se state usando una libreria o una
+caratteristica di Java che il software libero ancora non supporta, e potrete
+riscrivere quel codice subito.
</p>
<p>
-Sun continua a sviluppare nuove librerie Java "standard", quasi tutte
-non libere: in molti casi sono un segreto commerciale anche le
-specifiche di una libreria, e l'ultima licenza di Sun per queste
-specifiche proibisce di distribuire qualsiasi cosa diversa da una
-piena implementazione delle specifiche: si vedano, ad esempio,
-<a
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf</a>
-e
-<a
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html</a>.
+ Sun continua a sviluppare nuove librerie Java "standard", quasi tutte non
+libere: in molti casi sono un segreto commerciale anche le specifiche di una
+libreria, e l'ultima licenza di Sun per queste specifiche proibisce di
+distribuire qualsiasi cosa diversa da una piena implementazione delle
+specifiche: si vedano, ad esempio, <a
+href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf</a>
+e <a
+href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html</a>.
</p>
<p>
-Per fortuna, quella licenza permette di distribuire un'implementazione
-come software libero; altri che ricevono la libreria possono essere
-autorizzati a cambiarla e non devono necessariamente aderire alla
-specifica. Ma la richiesta ha l'effetto di proibire l'uso di un
-modello di sviluppo cooperativo per produrre l'implementazione
-libera. L'uso di quel modello costringerebbe alla pubblicazione di
-versioni incomplete, cosa che quelli che hanno letto la specifica non
-possono fare.
+ Per fortuna, quella licenza permette di distribuire un'implementazione come
+software libero; altri che ricevono la libreria possono essere autorizzati a
+cambiarla e non devono necessariamente aderire alla specifica. Ma la
+richiesta ha l'effetto di proibire l'uso di un modello di sviluppo
+cooperativo per produrre l'implementazione libera. L'uso di quel modello
+costringerebbe alla pubblicazione di versioni incomplete, cosa che quelli
+che hanno letto la specifica non possono fare.
</p>
<p>
-Agli albori del movimento del Software Libero era inevitabile
-dipendere da programmi non liberi. Prima che avessimo il compilatore C
-GNU, ogni programma in C (libero o no) richiedeva un compilatore C non
-libero. Prima che avessimo la libreria GNU C, ogni programma dipendeva
-da una libreria C non libera. Prima che avessimo Linux (il primo
-kernel libero) ogni programma dipendeva da un kernel non libero. Prima
-che avessimo Bash, ogni script per shell doveva essere interpretato da
-una shell non libera. Era inevitabile che i nostri programmi
-all'inizio avessero queste dipendenze, ma abbiamo accettato questa
-situazione perché il nostro progetto prevedeva di rimediare in
-seguito: il nostro obiettivo, un sistema GNU completo, comprendeva
-alternative libere per tutte quelle dipendenze; se avessimo raggiunto
-lo scopo avremmo recuperato tutti i nostri programmi. E così è
-successo: col sistema GNU/Linux, ora possiamo eseguire tutti quei
-programmi su piattaforme libere.
+ Agli albori del movimento del Software Libero era inevitabile dipendere da
+programmi non liberi. Prima che avessimo il compilatore C GNU, ogni
+programma in C (libero o no) richiedeva un compilatore C non libero. Prima
+che avessimo la libreria GNU C, ogni programma dipendeva da una libreria C
+non libera. Prima che avessimo Linux (il primo kernel libero) ogni programma
+dipendeva da un kernel non libero. Prima che avessimo Bash, ogni script per
+shell doveva essere interpretato da una shell non libera. Era inevitabile
+che i nostri programmi all'inizio avessero queste dipendenze, ma abbiamo
+accettato questa situazione perché il nostro progetto prevedeva di rimediare
+in seguito: il nostro obiettivo, un sistema GNU completo, comprendeva
+alternative libere per tutte quelle dipendenze; se avessimo raggiunto lo
+scopo avremmo recuperato tutti i nostri programmi. E così è successo: col
+sistema GNU/Linux, ora possiamo eseguire tutti quei programmi su piattaforme
+libere.
</p>
<p>
-Oggi la situazione è diversa: ora abbiamo potenti sistemi operativi
-liberi e molti strumenti liberi per la programmazione. Qualsiasi cosa
-vogliate fare, potete farla su una piattaforma libera e non c'è
-bisogno di accettare una dipendenza non libera, nemmeno
-provvisoriamente. Il principale motivo per cui alcuni oggi cadono
-nella trappola è semplicemente che non ci pensano; la soluzione più
-facile al problema con la Trappola Java è insegnare alla gente a non
-cascarci.
+ Oggi la situazione è diversa: ora abbiamo potenti sistemi operativi liberi
e
+molti strumenti liberi per la programmazione. Qualsiasi cosa vogliate fare,
+potete farla su una piattaforma libera e non c'è bisogno di accettare una
+dipendenza non libera, nemmeno provvisoriamente. Il principale motivo per
+cui alcuni oggi cadono nella trappola è semplicemente che non ci pensano; la
+soluzione più facile al problema con la Trappola Java è insegnare alla gente
+a non cascarci.
</p>
<p>
-Per tenere il vostro codice Java al sicuro dalla Trappola Java,
-installate e usate un ambiente di sviluppo libero per Java. In
-generale, qualsiasi linguaggio usiate, tenete gli occhi aperti, e
-accertatevi dello stato libero dei programmi da cui dipende il vostro
-codice. Il modo più semplice di verificare che un programma è libero è
-quello di cercarlo nell'Elenco del Software Libero
-(<a href="http://www.fsf.org/directory";>http://www.fsf.org/directory</a>).
-Se un programma non è in elenco, potete comunque cercare la sua licenza
-nella lista delle licenze software libere
-(<a
href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.it.html";>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.it.html</a>).
+ Per tenere il vostro codice Java al sicuro dalla Trappola Java, installate e
+usate un ambiente di sviluppo libero per Java. In generale, qualsiasi
+linguaggio usiate, tenete gli occhi aperti, e accertatevi dello stato libero
+dei programmi da cui dipende il vostro codice. Il modo più semplice di
+verificare che un programma è libero è quello di cercarlo nell'Elenco del
+Software Libero (<a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/directory";>http://www.fsf.org/directory</a>). Se un
+programma non è in elenco, potete comunque cercare la sua licenza nella
+lista delle licenze software libere (<a
+href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.it.html";>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.it.html</a>).
</p>
<p>
-Stiamo cercando di salvare i programmi Java intrappolati, quindi se vi
-piace Java per favore aiutate lo sviluppo di GNU Classpath. E' utile
-anche provare i vostri programmi con il compilatore GJC e GNU
-Classpath, e comunicare gli eventuali problemi che riscontrate nelle
-classi già implementate. Comunque, ci vorrà tempo per finire GNU
-Classpath; se continueranno ad essere aggiunte altre librerie non
-libere, potremmo non avere mai le ultime versioni. Quindi per favore
-non incatenate il vostro software libero: se scrivete un'applicazione
-ora, fatelo su fondamenta libere.
+ Stiamo cercando di salvare i programmi Java intrappolati, quindi se vi piace
+Java per favore aiutate lo sviluppo di GNU Classpath. E' utile anche provare
+i vostri programmi con il compilatore GJC e GNU Classpath, e comunicare gli
+eventuali problemi che riscontrate nelle classi già implementate. Comunque,
+ci vorrà tempo per finire GNU Classpath; se continueranno ad essere aggiunte
+altre librerie non libere, potremmo non avere mai le ultime versioni. Quindi
+per favore non incatenate il vostro software libero: se scrivete
+un'applicazione ora, fatelo su fondamenta libere.
</p>
+<h3>Vedere anche:</h3>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">The Curious Incident of Sun in
+the Night-Time</a></p>
+<div style="font-size: small;">
-<hr />
-
-
-<h4><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.it.html">Altri testi da leggere</a></h4>
-
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.it.html" -->
-<hr />
+<div id="footer">
-<div class="translations">
-<p><a id="translations"></a>
-<b>Traduzioni di questa pagina</b>:<br />
+<p>
+Per informazioni su FSF e GNU rivolgetevi, possibilimente in inglese, a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. Ci sono anche <a
+href="/contact/">altri modi di contattare</a> la FSF. <br />Inviate
+segnalazioni di link non funzionanti e altri suggerimenti relativi alle
+pagine web a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. Grazie.
+</p>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<p>
+Per informazioni su come tradurre questa pagina consultate la <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guida alle
+traduzioni</a>. Per segnalare errori di traduzione o collaborare alla
+traduzione italiana delle pagine di questo sito contattate il <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-it/";>gruppo dei traduttori
+italiani</a>.
+</p>
-<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
-<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
-<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<p>Copyright © 2004 Richard Stallman</p>
-[
- <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">English</a>
-| <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.es.html">Español</a> <!-- Spanish -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.fr.html">Français</a> <!-- French -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.it.html">Italiano</a>
-| <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.pl.html">Polski</a> <!-- Polish -->
-]
+<p>La copia letterale e la distribuzione di questo articolo nella sua
integritÃ
+sono permesse con qualsiasi mezzo, a condizione che questa nota sia
+riprodotta.
</p>
-</div>
-<div class="copyright">
-<p>Ritorna alla <a href="/home.it.html">pagina principale del Progetto
GNU</a>.</p>
+<div class="translators-credits">
-<p>Per informazioni sulla FSF e GNU rivolgersi, possibilmente in inglese, a
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-Altri <a href="/home.it.html#ContactInfo">modi per contattare</a> la FSF.
-<br />
-Inviate link non funzionanti e altre correzioni relative alle pagine web
-(o suggerimenti) a
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-</p>
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Tradotto originariamente da Andrea Pescetti.</div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Ultimo aggiornamento:
-<p>
-Per informazioni su come coordinare o inviare traduzioni consultate il
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README per le
traduzioni</a>.
-</p>
+$Date: 2008/06/29 20:26:03 $
-<p>Copyright (C) 2004 Richard Stallman
-<br />
-La copia letterale e la distribuzione di questo articolo nella
-sua integrità sono permesse con qualsiasi mezzo senza royalty a
-condizione che questa nota sia riprodotta.
+<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
+</div>
-<p>Aggiornato:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2005/09/22 23:04:50 $ $Author: bfteam $
-<!-- timestamp end --></p>
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Traduzioni di questa pagina:</h4>
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original
+ language if possible, otherwise default to English
+ If you do not have it English, please comment what the
+ English is. If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG
+ - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus
+ http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- Greek -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Dutch-->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li>
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/java-trap.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
</div>
</body>
Index: philosophy/speeches-and-interview.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/speeches-and-interview.bg.html 20 Jun 2008 20:25:40 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/speeches-and-interview.bg.html 29 Jun 2008 20:26:03 -0000
1.2
@@ -185,10 +185,9 @@
<li><a
href="http://www.april.org/actions/rms/10111998/texte.html";>ÐÑÐµÐ¿Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑÑенÑки език</a> Ð¾Ñ ÑеÑ, коÑÑо <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/";>РиÑаÑд
СÑолман</a> е изнеÑÑл пÑез 1998 г. в ÐаÑижкиÑ
ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑ.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.en.html">ÐнглийÑки
пÑевод на ÑеÑÑа</a>,
-изнеÑена Ð¾Ñ ÐеоÑг ÐÑев пÑез 1998 г. пÑед
GNU/ÐинÑÐºÑ Ð³ÑÑпаÑа âCLOWNâ в
-ÐеÑÐ¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ (<a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">оÑигинал
на немÑки
-език</a>).</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.html">English translation of a
speech</a>
+that Georg Greve gave in 1998 at the GNU/Linux Cluster “CLOWN”
+in Germany (<a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">German original</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">ÐнÑеÑÐ²Ñ Ð¿Ñед
ÑпиÑание âÐÐÐТâ</a> Ñ <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/";>РиÑаÑд СÑолман</a> пÑез
Ñли 1986 г.</li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/stallman-kth.html">РеÑ</a>, изнеÑена
Ð¾Ñ <a
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2008/06/20 20:25:40 $
+$Date: 2008/06/29 20:26:03 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.bg.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.bg.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.bg.po 20 Jun 2008 11:03:23 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.bg.po 29 Jun 2008 20:26:12 -0000
1.2
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: speeches-and-interview.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-19 16:25-0400\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2008-06-20 13:54+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Yavor Doganov <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Bulgarian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -451,11 +451,11 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#: ../../philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.proto:172
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.en.html\">English translation of a speech</"
-"a> that Georg Greve gave in 1998 at the GNU/Linux Cluster “"
-"CLOWN” in Germany (<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German "
-"original</a>)"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.html\">English translation of a speech</a> "
+"that Georg Greve gave in 1998 at the GNU/Linux Cluster “CLOWN” "
+"in Germany (<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German original</a>)"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.en.html\">ÐнглийÑки пÑевод
на ÑеÑÑа</a>, "
"изнеÑена Ð¾Ñ ÐеоÑг ÐÑев пÑез 1998 г. пÑед
GNU/ÐинÑÐºÑ Ð³ÑÑпаÑа âCLOWNâ в "
Index: philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.pot 19 Jun 2008 20:25:10 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:26:12 -0000
1.2
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-19 16:25-0400\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -337,10 +337,9 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#: ../../philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.proto:172
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.en.html\">English translation of a "
-"speech</a> that Georg Greve gave in 1998 at the GNU/Linux Cluster "
-"“CLOWN” in Germany (<a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German original</a>)"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.html\">English translation of a speech</a> "
+"that Georg Greve gave in 1998 at the GNU/Linux Cluster “CLOWN” "
+"in Germany (<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German original</a>)"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
Index: philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:26:11 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:4
+msgid ""
+"The GNU GPL and the American Dream - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation "
+"(FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:8
+msgid "The GNU GPL and the American Dream"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:11
+msgid "by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:14
+msgid ""
+"When I was in grade school, right here in the United States of America, I "
+"was taught that our country was the “land of opportunity”. My "
+"teachers told me that my country was special, because anyone with a good "
+"idea and a drive to do good work could make a living, and be successful "
+"too. They called it the “American Dream”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:21
+msgid ""
+"What was the cornerstone to the “American Dream”? It was "
+"equality—everyone had the same chance in our society to choose their "
+"own way. I could have any career I wanted, and if I worked hard, I would be "
+"successful."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:26
+msgid ""
+"It turned out that I had some talent for working with computers—in "
+"particular, computer software. Indoctrinated with the “American "
+"Dream”, I learned as much as I could about computer software. I "
+"wanted my chance at success."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:31
+msgid ""
+"I quickly discovered though, that in many cases, not all the players in the "
+"field of computer software were equal. By the time I entered the field, "
+"large companies like Microsoft tended to control much of the technology. "
+"And, that technology was available to me under licensing agreements that "
+"forbid me to study and learn from it. I was completely prohibited from "
+"viewing the program source code of the software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:38
+msgid ""
+"I found out, too, that those with lots of money could negotiate different "
+"licenses. If they paid enough, they could get permission to study and learn "
+"from the source code. Typically, such licenses cost many thousands of "
+"dollars, and being young and relatively poor, I was out of luck."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:43
+msgid ""
+"After spending my early years in the software business a bit downtrodden by "
+"my inability to learn more, I eventually discovered another body of software "
+"that did allow me to study and learn. This software was released under a "
+"license called the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL). Instead of "
+"restricting my freedom to study and learn from it, this license was "
+"specifically designed to allow me to learn. The license ensured that no "
+"matter what happened to the public versions of the software, I'd always be "
+"able to study its source code."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:52
+msgid ""
+"I quickly built my career around this software. I got lots of work "
+"configuring, installing, administering, and teaching about that software. "
+"Thanks to the GNU GPL, I always knew that I could stay competitive in my "
+"business, because I would always be able to learn easily about new "
+"innovations as soon as they were made. This gave me a unique ability to "
+"innovate myself. I could innovate quickly, and impress my employers. I was "
+"even able to start my own consulting business. My own business! The "
+"pinnacle of the American Dream!"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:61
+msgid ""
+"Thus, I was quite surprised last week when a vice president at Microsoft "
+"hinted that the GNU GPL contradicted the American Way."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:64
+msgid ""
+"The GNU GPL is specifically designed to make sure that all technological "
+"innovators, programmers, and software users are given equal footing. Each "
+"high school student, independent contractor, small business, and large "
+"corporation are given an equal chance to innovate. We all start the race "
+"from the same point. Those people with deep understanding of the software "
+"and an ability to make it work well for others are most likely to succeed, "
+"and they do succeed."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:72
+msgid ""
+"That is exactly what the American Way is about, at least the way I learned "
+"it in grade school. I hope that we won't let Microsoft and others change "
+"the definition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:79
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:86
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:96
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:103
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2001 Bradley M. Kuhn <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without "
+"royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:113
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:115
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-dream.proto:128
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:26:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:4
+msgid ""
+"The GNU GPL and the American Way - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation "
+"(FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:8
+msgid "The GNU GPL and the American Way"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:11
+msgid "by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:15
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft describes the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) as an "
+"“open source” license, and says it is against the American Way. "
+"To understand the GNU GPL, and recognize how it embodies the American Way, "
+"you must first be aware that the GPL was not designed for open source."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:21
+msgid ""
+"The Open Source Movement, which was launched in 1998, aims to develop "
+"powerful, reliable software and improved technology, by inviting the public "
+"to collaborate in software development. Many developers in that movement "
+"use the GNU GPL, and they are welcome to use it. But the ideas and logic of "
+"the GPL cannot be found in the Open Source Movement. They stem from the "
+"deeper goals and values of the Free Software Movement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:29
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Movement was founded in 1984, but its inspiration comes "
+"from the ideals of 1776: freedom, community, and voluntary cooperation. "
+"This is what leads to free enterprise, to free speech, and to free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:34
+msgid ""
+"As in “free enterprise” and “free speech”, the "
+"“free” in “free software” refers to freedom, not "
+"price; specifically, it means that you have the freedom to study, change, "
+"and redistribute the software you use. These freedoms permit citizens to "
+"help themselves and help each other, and thus participate in a community. "
+"This contrasts with the more common proprietary software, which keeps users "
+"helpless and divided: the inner workings are secret, and you are prohibited "
+"from sharing the program with your neighbor. Powerful, reliable software "
+"and improved technology are useful byproducts of freedom, but the freedom to "
+"have a community is important in its own right."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:46
+msgid ""
+"We could not establish a community of freedom in the land of proprietary "
+"software where each program had its lord. We had to build a new land in "
+"cyberspace—the free software GNU operating system, which we started "
+"writing in 1984. In 1991, when GNU was almost finished, the kernel Linux "
+"written by Linus Torvalds filled the last gap; soon the free GNU/Linux "
+"system was available. Today millions of users use GNU/Linux and enjoy the "
+"benefits of freedom and community."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:54
+msgid ""
+"I designed the GNU GPL to uphold and defend the freedoms that define free "
+"software—to use the words of 1776, it establishes them as inalienable "
+"rights for programs released under the GPL. It ensures that you have the "
+"freedom to study, change, and redistribute the program, by saying that "
+"nobody is authorized to take these freedoms away from you by redistributing "
+"the program under a restrictive license."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:62
+msgid ""
+"For the sake of cooperation, we encourage others to modify and extend the "
+"programs that we publish. For the sake of freedom, we set the condition "
+"that these modified versions of our programs must respect your freedom just "
+"like the original version. We encourage two-way cooperation by rejecting "
+"parasites: whoever wishes to copy parts of our software into his program "
+"must let us use parts of that program in our programs. Nobody is forced to "
+"join our club, but those who wish to participate must offer us the same "
+"cooperation they receive from us. That makes the system fair."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:72
+msgid ""
+"Millions of users, tens of thousands of developers, and companies as large "
+"as IBM, Intel, and Sun, have chosen to participate on this basis. But some "
+"companies want the advantages without the responsibilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:77
+msgid ""
+"From time to time, companies have said to us, “We would make an "
+"improved version of this program if you allow us to release it without "
+"freedom.” We say, “No thanks—your improvements might be "
+"useful if they were free, but if we can't use them in freedom, they are no "
+"good at all.” Then they appeal to our egos, saying that our code will "
+"have “more users” inside their proprietary programs. We respond "
+"that we value our community's freedom more than an irrelevant form of "
+"popularity."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:86
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft surely would like to have the benefit of our code without the "
+"responsibilities. But it has another, more specific purpose in attacking "
+"the GNU GPL. Microsoft is known generally for imitation rather than "
+"innovation. When Microsoft does something new, its purpose is "
+"strategic—not to improve computing for its users, but to close off "
+"alternatives for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:93
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft uses an anticompetitive strategy called “embrace and "
+"extend”. This means they start with the technology others are using, "
+"add a minor wrinkle which is secret so that nobody else can imitate it, then "
+"use that secret wrinkle so that only Microsoft software can communicate with "
+"other Microsoft software. In some cases, this makes it hard for you to use "
+"a non-Microsoft program when others you work with use a Microsoft program. "
+"In other cases, this makes it hard for you to use a non-Microsoft program "
+"for job A if you use a Microsoft program for job B. Either way, "
+"“embrace and extend” magnifies the effect of Microsoft's market "
+"power."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:104
+msgid ""
+"No license can stop Microsoft from practicing “embrace and "
+"extend” if they are determined to do so at all costs. If they write "
+"their own program from scratch, and use none of our code, the license on our "
+"code does not affect them. But a total rewrite is costly and hard, and even "
+"Microsoft can't do it all the time. Hence their campaign to persuade us to "
+"abandon the license that protects our community, the license that won't let "
+"them say, “What's yours is mine, and what's mine is mine.” They "
+"want us to let them take whatever they want, without ever giving anything "
+"back. They want us to abandon our defenses."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:115
+msgid ""
+"But defenselessness is not the American Way. In the land of the brave and "
+"the free, we defend our freedom with the GNU GPL."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:118
+msgid "Addendum:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:121
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft says that the GPL is against “intellectual property "
+"rights.” I have no opinion on “intellectual property "
+"rights,” because the term is too broad to have a sensible opinion "
+"about. It is a catch-all, covering copyrights, patents, trademarks, and "
+"other disparate areas of law; areas so different, in the laws and in their "
+"effects, that any statement about all of them at once is surely simplistic. "
+"To think intelligently about copyrights, patents or trademarks, you must "
+"think about them separately. The first step is declining to lump them "
+"together as “intellectual property”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:132
+msgid ""
+"My views about copyright take an hour to expound, but one general principle "
+"applies: it cannot justify denying the public important freedoms. As "
+"Abraham Lincoln put it, “Whenever there is a conflict between human "
+"rights and property rights, human rights must prevail.” Property "
+"rights are meant to advance human well-being, not as an excuse to disregard "
+"it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:142
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:149
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:159
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:166
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2001 Richard M. Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without "
+"royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:176
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:178
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/gpl-american-way.proto:186
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/greve-clown.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/greve-clown.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/greve-clown.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/greve-clown.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:26:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:3
+msgid "Speech at the CLOWN - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:5
+msgid "Speech by Georg C. F. Greve in Paderborn (Germany), 5. 12. 98 at the
CLOWN."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:10
+msgid ""
+"<small> Copyright © 1998 Georg C. F. Greve.<br /> Permission statement "
+"<a href=\"#Permission\">below</a><br /> <br /> Dies ist eine "
+"Übersetzung der Rede, das<br /> <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">Deutsche Original</a><br /> ist "
+"ebenfalls verfügbar und wird empfohlen.<br /> </small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:19
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://gnuhh.org\";>Georg C. F. Greve</a> <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a><br /> History and "
+"Philosophy of the<br /> GNU Project<br />"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:25
+msgid ""
+"<em>This speech was given at the CLOWN (Cluster of Working Nodes), <br /> a "
+"512-node Cluster project of Debian GNU/Linux machines in the<br /> "
+"University of Paderborn, Germany.<br /> <br /> 5. December 1998 </em>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:34
+msgid ""
+"<strong> [Note: In translating this speech I have tried to stay as close as "
+"possible to the original speech that I have given in German. Breaking up the "
+"German structures and turning them into reasonable English has been quite "
+"some work, and I would like to thank my roommate Doug Chapin, a good friend "
+"and native American who helped me with some phrases and words. The "
+"translation will never hold the same emotions and implications but I think "
+"we got very close…] </strong>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:46
+msgid ""
+"During the preparation of this speech I have read several documents and "
+"spoken to a lot of people. In doing so I realized that even people whose "
+"jobs have been created more or less directly by the GNU project did not know "
+"it's true meaning. In the overall rush we are experiencing at the moment, it "
+"seems that a basic awareness of the roots has been lost. Tonight I hope I'll "
+"be able to uncover some of those roots again."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:55
+msgid ""
+"The origin lies somewhere in the transition from the 70's to the 80's, when "
+"the software industry became what we accept so willingly today. In the "
+"initial competition, some firms took to hording code as a survival "
+"strategy. While attempting to support this behaviour's legality, they "
+"created phrases like “Software Piracy” because they suggest that "
+"something is lost when software is copied. People were forced to yield to "
+"licenses that bound them to make sure that no one else had access to these "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:65
+msgid ""
+"When a friend asked you whether he could copy a program from you, you "
+"immediately faced a dilemma. There are no disadvantages for you in copying "
+"the program, and it doesn't deteriorate during the copying process… "
+"it would be more restrictive if he asked you to pass the salt, since you "
+"can't both use it at the same time. The politics of the companies forced you "
+"to <b>choose</b> between legality and friendship."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:74
+msgid ""
+"A lot of people were upset about this and most of them copied the program "
+"anyway—very often using lame excuses that were mostly aimed at calming "
+"their own troubled consciousness (induced by the firms' choice of "
+"words). The absolute hit was probably “If I would use it more often I "
+"would pay it” … a phrase that probably everyone caught himself "
+"using if he ever had to rely on proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:83
+msgid ""
+"One man found this situation unbearable. Used to the early days, the (as he "
+"says himself) “paradise,”, where freedom and responsible use of "
+"the possibilities determined the situation, Richard Stallman envisioned the "
+"concept of a completely free system. Very quickly it became clear that this "
+"system would be Unix-compatible and it was baptized—recursive acronyms "
+"were very popular back then—GNU, which means “GNU's Not "
+"Unix.”<br /> Stallman gathered some people who shared his fascination "
+"with a free system and founded the GNU Free Software Foundation, of which he "
+"is still the president today."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:95
+msgid ""
+"Since first of all a Unix system requires a large set of components, it "
+"became clear that these were the the first step towards a completely free "
+"system. The GNU FSF worked on implementing them, and by the beginning of the "
+"90's the GNU system was complete (with the exception of the kernel).<br /> "
+"The GNU kernel—project name “HURD”—has an extremely "
+"ambitious layout that proved to be very slow and clumsy in "
+"development. Fortunately at this point Linus Torvalds's first Linux kernel "
+"was in the test phase, and when he saw the work already done by the GNU FSF "
+"he put his kernel under the GNU GPL and made it the kernel of the GNU "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:108
+msgid ""
+"There is no need to tell the rest of the story since most of us have "
+"experienced it themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:112
+msgid ""
+"A little earlier I said that Richard Stallman envisioned the concept of Free "
+"Software—what I didn't tell you about was the Philosophy that stands "
+"behind it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:117
+msgid ""
+"The “Free” in Free Software does not refer to the price but to "
+"“Freedom”. This is no unproblematic topic and recently some of "
+"the visionaries of the movement (like Eric Raymond) have begun to talk "
+"about “Open Source” because “Freedom” has an uneasy "
+"sound to it for most people. Freedom rings of “making world a better "
+"place” and insecurity. It rings of change, and change frightens many "
+"people. To numb this fear, other licenses for free software have been "
+"invented in order to make the concept digestible for more people and to "
+"avoid scaring the industry."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:129
+msgid ""
+"That is the reason why the GNU Project dislikes the term “Open "
+"Source.” We think it makes more sense to take away people's fears of "
+"the idea instead of blurring the concept. Only if users and firms are aware "
+"of the importance of freedom can we avoid falling back into old patterns."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:136
+msgid ""
+"The philosophy of the GNU Project says that <b>everyone</b> shall have the "
+"granted right to use a program, to copy it, and to change it to make it fit "
+"his or her needs. The <b>only</b> restriction the GNU General Public License "
+"makes, is that <b>NO ONE</b> has the right to take away this freedom from "
+"anyone else."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:143
+msgid ""
+"When an author puts his code under the GNU GPL, the freedom is an "
+"inseperable part of his program. Of course, this is a thorn in the side of a "
+"lot of businesses eyes because it stops them from taking the code, modifying "
+"it, and then selling it as a proprietary program. As long as there are "
+"people who try to live the dream of instant wealth it is this freedom that "
+"stops firms like Microsoft from corrupting the future development of our "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:152
+msgid ""
+"The most used argument against the GNU Philosophy is probably that software "
+"is the “intellectual property” of the programmer and it is only "
+"right if he can decide the price for which the program is distributed. This "
+"argument is easy to understand for everyone since it is exactly what we have "
+"been told to believe during the last 20 years."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:160
+msgid ""
+"Reality is a little different, though. Private programmers who can live off "
+"selling self-written software are the exception. Usually they give their "
+"rights to the firm they work at and this firm earns the money by restricting "
+"access to that program. Effectively, the firm has the rights for that "
+"program and decides it's price —not the programmer."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:168
+msgid ""
+"A lawyer who invents an especially brilliant strategy has no right to claim "
+"it as his “intellectual property;” the method is freely "
+"available to anyone. Why do we so willingly accept the concept that every "
+"line of code—no matter how poorly written or uninspired it may "
+"be—is so unique and incredibly personal ? The zeal for control has "
+"taken over in a way that even human genes are subject to "
+"patents…although usually not by the people who “use” "
+"them. Should really <b>everything</b> be allowed to be patented and "
+"licensed?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:179
+msgid ""
+"This is the question that is one of the core thoughts of the GNU "
+"Project. Let us just imagine there would be no such concept as patented "
+"software or patenting software would be unusual because everyone published "
+"his programs under the GNU GPL."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:185
+msgid ""
+"Solutions for standard problems that had to be solved over and over again "
+"can be accessed easily. No one has to waste his time ever again to work on "
+"the same problem dozens of times—programmers could search for new ways "
+"and approach new problems. If a group of users needs a certain feature in a "
+"program they just hire a programmer and let him implement it. Freed of the "
+"limitations of licenses and money only two criteria would determine the "
+"development of programs: demand and quality."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:195
+msgid ""
+"Speaking of quality—nowadays more and more firms realize that allowing "
+"the users to access the sourcecode gives them a huge advantage. To say it in "
+"a simple way: more eyes can see more. Solutions that are unimaginable for "
+"one person are painfully obvious for someone else. Due to this advantage "
+"Free Software is very often so much better than its proprietary "
+"counterpart. The train of thought that now appears to be establishing "
+"itself within some firms is to give users access to the source code but not "
+"grant any other rights. Improvements are obediently being sent back to the "
+"firm that advances it's product with them. Basically as a gigantic gratis "
+"development division. If we do not pay attention to these things <b>now</b> "
+"it might happen that in 5 years we will have to pay for a version that has "
+"been produced by applying our own patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:210
+msgid ""
+"The concept of software as “intellectual property” carries the "
+"seed of doom inside itself (please forgive me for the pathos here). As long "
+"as we accept this concept, we accept the danger that another firm will "
+"attempt to take control. Microsoft is <em>not</em> evil incarnate as some "
+"people seem to percieve. Microsoft is <em>the natural consequence</em> of "
+"the widely accepted system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:218
+msgid ""
+"The fear of sawing the branch you're sitting on is also commonly spread, but "
+"completely irrational. Better programs lead to more users that have other "
+"needs and new ideas, creating more demand. The structure will change to fit "
+"the new situation but work will increase rather than decrease—and it "
+"will become less routine and hence more interesting."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:226
+msgid ""
+"The last common fear that remains is the fear over lack of "
+"recognition. Well, the respect held for the frontmen of the different "
+"philosophies speaks for itself. I on my part would prefer to be as respected "
+"as Linus Thorvalds or Richard Stallman than having the reputation of Bill "
+"Gates."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:233
+msgid ""
+"Admittedly, this does sound like bettering the world and idealism, but a lot "
+"of the really great ideas were driven by the wish to make the world a little "
+"better."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:238
+msgid ""
+"And to settle one point very clearly: no, the GNU Project is not agains "
+"capitalism or firms in general and it is not against software firms in "
+"particular. We do not want to diminish the potential for profit—quite "
+"to the contrary. Every firm is being told to make as much money as they can "
+"off the sale of software, the documentation and the service—as long as "
+"they stick to the basic principles of Free Software.<br /> The more these "
+"firms earn the more they can invest into the development of new software. We "
+"do not want to destroy the market, we just want to fit it to the times."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:250
+msgid ""
+"One short note about the basic principles: of course Free Software also "
+"requires free documentation. It doesn't make any sense to free the successor "
+"of the book—software—while accepting control of the direct "
+"digital equivalent. Free documentation is as important as Free Software "
+"itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:257
+msgid ""
+"Maybe someone discarded my statement about seeking to “fit the market "
+"to the times” as a rethorical stament—but it is an important "
+"point in the GNU Philosophy:<br /> the time when software was only relevant "
+"for a few freaks and some firms is long gone. Nowadays software is the "
+"pathway to information. A system that blocks the pathways to information and "
+"in doing so the access to the information itself <b>must</b> be "
+"reconsidered."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:266
+msgid ""
+"When Eric Raymond published the so called “Halloween Document” "
+"it triggered emotions from euphoria to paranoia. For those of you who did "
+"not read it: it is a Microsoft internal study in which the strengths and "
+"weaknesses of Free Software in general and Linux especially are "
+"analyzed. The author basically concluded that Microsoft has two "
+"possibilities to counter the threat."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:274
+msgid ""
+"The first is the creation of new or modification of old protocols "
+"documenting them only poorly or not at all, so that only Windows-based "
+"machines will have a working implementation."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:279
+msgid ""
+"One example of this tactic is the protocol used by HP “Cxi” "
+"printers which have entered the market as extremely cheap "
+"“Windows-Printers.” The specifications have only been given to "
+"Microsoft, so these printers are not usable by any other system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:286
+msgid ""
+"I have been told by a “professionally trained” computer "
+"salesperson that the “for Windows” sticker means that the "
+"printer needs a very special kind of RAM that only Windows machines "
+"have—that's why it cannot be used under Linux. Something like this "
+"confuses the typical user, which brings me directly to the second described "
+"tactic."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:294
+msgid ""
+"These tactics are usually gathered under the synonym “FUD” (Fear "
+"Uncertainty Doubt) and were used by IBM long before Microsoft unconvered "
+"them. The idea is clear: If you make someone uncertain enough, he or she "
+"will not dare to make <b>any</b> decission, effectively remaining in his or "
+"her current position. That is the thought."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:302
+msgid ""
+"For all times, education has been the arch-enemy of superstition. We must "
+"not allow education to be hindered by allowing ourselves to become split."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:307
+msgid ""
+"The most recogniziable split in the recent history has been the already "
+"noted distinction between “Open Source” and “Free "
+"Software.” Telling both concepts apart is not an easy task even for "
+"most insiders and it is only understandable if viewed in a historical "
+"context. Since this is a central point I'd like to say a few words about it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:315
+msgid ""
+"With the completion of the GNU System with the Linux Kernel there was "
+"suddenly a complete, powerful, free system available. This inevitably had to "
+"raise the public's attention sooner or later."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:320
+msgid ""
+"When this attention came a lot of firms were disconcerted by the word "
+"“Free.” The first association was “no money” which "
+"immediatly meant “no profit” for them. When people then tried to "
+"tell them the “Free” truly stands for “Freedom” they "
+"were completely shaken."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:327
+msgid ""
+"Infected by this insecurity and doubt the idea arose to avoid words like "
+"“Free” and “Freedom” at all costs. The term "
+"“Open Source” was born."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:332
+msgid ""
+"Admittedly it is easier to sell the idea is you use the term “Open "
+"Source” instead of “Free Software.”<br /> But it has the "
+"consequence that the “newbies” have no knowledge or "
+"understanding of the original idea. It splits the movement and leads to "
+"incredibly unproductive trench wars that waste a huge amount of creative "
+"energy."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:341
+msgid ""
+"A larger interested audience does not mean we should talk less about the "
+"underlying philosophy. Quite to the contrary: the more people and firms do "
+"not understand that this freedom is also in their interest, the more we need "
+"to talk about it. The Freedom of software offers a huge potential for all of "
+"us—firms and users."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:348
+msgid ""
+"The plan is not to remove capitalism or destroy firms. We want to change the "
+"understanding of software for the benefit of all participants to fit the "
+"needs of the 21 century. This is the core of the GNU Project."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:354
+msgid ""
+"Each of us can do his share - be it in form of a program, documentation, or "
+"just by spreading the word that there is another way of handling things."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:359
+msgid ""
+"It is crucial to explain to the firms that Free Software is <b>no "
+"threat</b>, but an opportunity. Of course this doesn't happen overnight but "
+"when all participants realize the possibilities and perspectives, all of us "
+"will win. So if you are working in the software business, make yourself at "
+"home with the topic, talk about it with friends and colleagues. And please "
+"refrain from trying to “missionize” them—I know most of us "
+"have this tendency - the arguments speak for themselves. Give them the time "
+"and the peace to think it over and to befriend themselves with the "
+"concept. Show them that the concept of Freedom is nothing to be feared."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:372
+msgid ""
+"I hope I was able to convey the philosophy or at least stimulate "
+"consideration of some new ideas. If you have questions or would like to "
+"discuss some things, I'll be here all night and all questions are welcome. I "
+"wish everyone a very interesting night. Thank you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:380
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:387
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:392
+msgid ""
+"Please send comments on this speech to Georg Greve <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:396
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:403
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998 Georg C. F. Greve <br /> <a "
+"id=\"Permission\">Permission</a> is granted to make and distribute verbatim "
+"copies of this transcript as long as the copyright and this permission "
+"notice appear."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:412
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:414
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/greve-clown.proto:422
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/guardian-article.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/guardian-article.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/guardian-article.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/guardian-article.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:26:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:3
+msgid "That's fighting talk - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:5
+msgid "That's fighting talk"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:7
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard "
+"Stallman</strong></a> and <strong>Nick Hill</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:11
+msgid ""
+"The computer industry is threatened by a Wild West-style land grab. The "
+"biggest, richest companies are being assisted by governments to take "
+"unassailable exclusive control of the ideas that programmers combine to make "
+"a program."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:17
+msgid ""
+"Our society is becoming more dependent on information technology. At the "
+"same time, centralised control over and ownership of the information "
+"technology field is increasing, and mega-corporations with law-given "
+"dominion over our computers could take away our freedoms and democracy. "
+"With an effective monopoly on modern software, the largest grabbers of the "
+"“land” will have control over what we can ask our computers to "
+"do, and control over production and distribution of information on the net, "
+"through monopolies that the EU plans to give them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:28
+msgid ""
+"The monopolies are patents, each one restricting use of one or several of "
+"these software ideas. We call them “software patents” because "
+"they restrict what we programmers can make software do. How do these "
+"monopolies work? If you wish to use your computer as a word processor, it "
+"must follow instructions that tell it how to act like a word processor. This "
+"is analogous to instructions found on a musical score, which tell an "
+"orchestra how to play a symphony. The instructions are not simple. They are "
+"made up of thousands of smaller instructions, much like sequences of notes "
+"and chords. A symphonic score embodies hundreds of musical ideas, and a "
+"computer program uses hundreds or thousands of software ideas. Since each "
+"idea is abstract, there are often different ways to describe it: thus, some "
+"ideas can be patented in multiple ways."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:43
+msgid ""
+"The US, which has had software patents since the 1980s, shows what this can "
+"do to development of everyday software. For example, in the US there are 39 "
+"monopoly claims over a standard way of showing video using software "
+"techniques (the <abbr title=\"Moving Picture Experts Group\">MPEG</abbr> 2 "
+"format)."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:50
+msgid ""
+"Since a single piece of software can embody thousands of ideas together, and "
+"those ideas are arbitrary in scope and abstract in nature, writing software "
+"will only be worthwhile for those who are rich and have a large software "
+"monopoly portfolio: those with the war chest and clout to fight off claims "
+"that might otherwise sink a business. In the US, the average cost of "
+"defending against an invalid patent claim is $1.5 million. The courts favour "
+"the wealthy, so even when a small business gets a few patents, it will find "
+"them useless."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:60
+msgid ""
+"Software patents are being claimed at a tremendous rate in the US. If they "
+"become legal in Europe, most of those US patents will be extended to Europe "
+"also. This is likely to have a devastating effect on European software "
+"development—leading to job losses, a poorer economy, more expensive "
+"computer use, and less choice and less freedom for the end user. The "
+"advocates of software patents in Europe, and the probable beneficiaries of "
+"them, are the patent bureaucracy (more influence on more areas of life), "
+"patent lawyers (more business from both plaintiffs and defendants), and "
+"computer mega-corporations such as IBM and Microsoft."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:71
+msgid ""
+"Foremost among the software mega-corporations is Microsoft. Even as part of "
+"the European commission investigates Microsoft for monopolistic practices, "
+"another part is planning to hand it an unending series of overlapping "
+"20-year monopolies. Bill Gates wrote in his Challenges and Strategy memo of "
+"May 16 1991 that “If people had understood how patents would be "
+"granted when most of today's ideas were invented and had taken out patents, "
+"the industry would be at a complete standstill today. The solution … "
+"is patenting as much as we can … A future start-up with no patents of "
+"its own will be forced to pay whatever price the giants choose to "
+"impose.” Today Microsoft hopes to parlay software patents into a "
+"permanent monopoly on many areas of software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:85
+msgid ""
+"The European commission says its proposed directive on computer-implemented "
+"inventions will disallow software patents. But the text was actually written "
+"by the Business Software Alliance, which represents the largest software "
+"companies. (The commission didn't admit this—we detected it.) It "
+"contains vague words that we suspect are designed to open the door for "
+"software patents."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:93
+msgid ""
+"The text says that computer-related patents must make a “technical "
+"contribution”; the commission says that means “no software "
+"patents”. But “technical” can be interpreted in many "
+"ways. The European patent office is already registering software patents of "
+"dubious legal validity, defying the treaty that governs it and the "
+"governments that established it. Operating under those words, it will "
+"stretch them to allow all kinds of software patents."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:103
+msgid ""
+"Arlene McCarthy, <abbr title=\"Member of the European "
+"Parliament\">MEP</abbr> for north-west England, has been a key figure "
+"promoting and acting as rapporteur for this proposed directive. The cosmetic "
+"changes she has so far proposed do nothing to solve the problem. However, "
+"the cultural affairs commission's amendment that defines "
+"“technical” will assure British and European software developers "
+"that they will not risk a lawsuit simply by writing and distributing a "
+"software package."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:113
+msgid ""
+"The vague words drafted by the mega-corporations must be replaced with "
+"clear, decisive wording. Wording that will ensure that our information "
+"future will not be hijacked by the interests of a few rich organisations."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:118
+msgid ""
+"Please go to <a "
+"href=\"http://www.softwarepatents.co.uk\";>http://www.softwarepatents.co.uk</a>
"
+"to learn more, and then talk with the <abbr>MEP</abbr>s from your region."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:125
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:132
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:142
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:149
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2003 Richard M Stallman and Nicholas R Hill <br /> Verbatim "
+"copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium "
+"without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:159
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:161
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/guardian-article.proto:169
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/hague.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/hague.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/hague.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/hague.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:26:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:3
+msgid "Harm from the Hague - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:5
+msgid "Harm from the Hague"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:8
+msgid "By <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>, June 2001"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:11
+msgid ""
+"Europeans have energetically opposed and thwarted the attempt to introduce "
+"software patents in Europe. A proposed treaty, now being negotiated, "
+"threatens to subject software developers in Europe and other countries to "
+"U.S. software patents — and other harmful laws from around the world. "
+"The problem is not just for programmers; authors of all kinds will face new "
+"dangers. Even the censorship laws of various countries could have "
+"globalized effect."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:20
+msgid ""
+"The Hague treaty is not actually about patents, or about copyrights, or "
+"about censorship, but it affects all of them. It is a treaty about "
+"jurisdiction, and how one country should treat the court decisions of "
+"another country. The basic idea is reasonable enough: if someone hits your "
+"car in France or breaks a contract with your French company, you can sue him "
+"in France, then bring the judgment to a court in whichever country he lives "
+"in (or has assets in) for enforcement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:29
+msgid ""
+"The treaty becomes a problem when it is extended to distribution of "
+"information — because information now travels normally and predictably "
+"to all countries. (The Internet is one way, but not the only way.) The "
+"consequence is that you could be sued about the information you distributed "
+"under the laws of <strong>any</strong> Hague country, and the judgment would "
+"probably be enforced by your country."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:38
+msgid ""
+"For instance, if you release a software package (either free or not) in "
+"Germany, and people use it in the U.S., you could be sued for infringing an "
+"absurd U.S. software patent. That part does not depend on Hague — it "
+"could happen now. But right now you could ignore the U.S. judgment, safe in "
+"Germany, and the patent holder knows this. Under the Hague treaty, any "
+"German court would be required to enforce the U.S. judgment against you. In "
+"effect, the software patents of any signatory country would apply to all "
+"signatory countries. It isn't enough to keep software patents out of "
+"Europe, if U.S. or Japanese or Egyptian software patents can reach you "
+"there."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:50
+msgid ""
+"But patent law is not the only area of law that could wreak havoc if "
+"globalized by the Hague treaty. Suppose you publish a statement criticizing "
+"a public figure. If copies are read in England, that public figure could "
+"sue you under the strict U.K. libel law. The laws of your country may "
+"support the right to criticize a public figure, but with the Hague treaty, "
+"they won't necessarily protect you any more."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:58
+msgid ""
+"Or suppose you publish a statement comparing your prices with your "
+"competitors' prices. If this is read in Germany, where comparative "
+"advertising is illegal, you could be sued in Germany and the judgment "
+"brought back to you wherever you are. (Subsequent note: I've received word "
+"that this law may have been changed in Germany. The point is the same, "
+"though—any country could have such a law, and some other European "
+"countries may still have one.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:67
+msgid ""
+"Or suppose you publish a parody. If it is read in Korea, you could be sued "
+"there, since Korea does not recognize a right to parody. (Since the "
+"publication of this article, the Korean Supreme Court affirmed the right to "
+"parody, but the general point remains.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:73
+msgid ""
+"Or suppose you have political views that a certain government prohibits. "
+"You could be sued in that country, and the judgment against you there would "
+"be enforced wherever you live."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:78
+msgid ""
+"Not long ago, Yahoo was sued in France for having links to U.S. sites that "
+"auctioned Nazi memorabilia, which is lawful in the U.S. After a French "
+"court required Yahoo France to block such links, Yahoo went to court in the "
+"U.S., asking for a ruling that the French judgment cannot be applied to the "
+"parent company in the U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:85
+msgid ""
+"It may come as a surprise to learn that exiled Chinese dissidents joined the "
+"case in support of Yahoo. But they knew what they were doing — their "
+"democracy movement depends on the outcome."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:90
+msgid ""
+"You see, Nazism is not the only political view whose expression is "
+"prohibited in certain places. Criticism of the Chinese government is also "
+"prohibited — in China. If a French court ruling against Nazi "
+"statements is enforceable in the US, or in your country, maybe a Chinese "
+"court ruling against anti-Chinese-government statements will be enforceable "
+"there too. (This might be why China has joined the Hague treaty "
+"negotiations.) The Chinese government can easily adapt its censorship law "
+"so that the Hague treaty would apply to it; all it has to do is give private "
+"individuals (and government agencies) the right to sue dissident "
+"publications."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:102
+msgid ""
+"China is not the only country to ban criticism of the government; as of this "
+"writing, the government of Victoria (Australia) is suing to suppress a book "
+"called Victoria Police Corruption on the grounds that it “scandalizes "
+"the courts.” This book is available on the Internet outside "
+"Australia. Australia is a Hague treaty participant; if the treaty applies "
+"to such cases, an Australian court judgment against the book could be used "
+"to suppress it elsewhere."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:111
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, works that criticize Islam have faced increasing censorship in "
+"Egypt, a Hague treaty participant; this too could be globalized by the Hague "
+"treaty."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:116
+msgid ""
+"Americans may turn to the First Amendment to protect them from foreign "
+"judgments against their speech. The draft treaty permits a court to ignore "
+"a foreign judgment that is “manifestly incompatible with public "
+"policy.” That is a stringent criterion, so you cannot count on it to "
+"protect you just because your conduct is legal where you are. Just what it "
+"does cover is up to the particular judge. It is unlikely to help you "
+"against broad foreign interpretations of copyright, trademarks or software "
+"patents, but U.S. courts might use it to reject outright censorship "
+"judgments."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:127
+msgid ""
+"However, even that won't help you if you publish on the Internet, because "
+"your <abbr title=\"Internet service provider\">ISP</abbr> either has assets "
+"in other countries or communicates to the world through larger "
+"<abbr>ISP</abbr>s that have them. A censorship judgment against your site, "
+"or any other kind, could be enforced against your <abbr>ISP</abbr>, or your "
+"<abbr>ISP</abbr>'s <abbr>ISP</abbr>, in any other country where it has "
+"assets — and where there is no Bill of Rights, and freedom of speech "
+"does not enjoy the same exalted status as in the U.S. In response, the ISP "
+"will shut off your site. The Hague treaty would globalize pretexts for "
+"lawsuits, but not the protections for civil liberties, so any local "
+"protection could be bypassed."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:141
+msgid ""
+"Does suing your <abbr>ISP</abbr> seem far-fetched? It already happens. When "
+"the multinational company Danone announced plans to close factories in "
+"France, Olivier Malnuit opened a site, jeboycottedanone.com, to criticize "
+"this. (The name is French for “I boycott Danone.”) Danone sued "
+"not only him but his site hosting company and domain name registrar for "
+"“counterfeiting of goods” — and in April 2001 received a "
+"ruling prohibiting Malnuit from mentioning the name “Danone” "
+"either in the domain name or in the text of the site. Even more telling, "
+"the registrar removed the domain in fear before the court made a ruling."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:154
+msgid ""
+"The natural response for French dissidents is to publish their criticism of "
+"Danone outside France, just as Chinese dissidents publish their criticism of "
+"China outside China. But the Hague treaty would enable Danone to attack "
+"them everywhere. Perhaps even this article would be suppressed through its "
+"<abbr>ISP</abbr> or its <abbr>ISP</abbr>'s <abbr>ISP</abbr>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:162
+msgid ""
+"The potential effects of the treaty are not limited to laws that exist "
+"today. When 50 countries know that their court judgments could be enforced "
+"throughout North America, Europe and Asia, they would have plenty of "
+"temptation to pass laws just for that purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:168
+msgid ""
+"Suppose, for example, that Microsoft would like to be able to impose "
+"copyright on languages and network protocols. They could approach a small, "
+"poor country and offer to spend $50 million a year there for 20 years, if "
+"only that country will pass a law saying that implementing a Microsoft "
+"language or protocol constitutes copyright infringement. They can surely "
+"find some country which would take the offer. Then if you implement a "
+"compatible program, Microsoft could sue you in that country, and win. When "
+"the judge rules in their favor and bans distribution of your program, the "
+"courts in your country will enforce the judgment on you, obeying the Hague "
+"treaty."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:180
+msgid ""
+"Does this seem implausible? In 2000, Cisco pressured Liechtenstein, a small "
+"European country, to legalize software patents. And IBM's chief lobbyist "
+"threatened many European governments with a termination of investment if "
+"they did not support software patents. Meanwhile, the U.S. trade "
+"representative pressured Middle Eastern country Jordan to allow patents on "
+"mathematics."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:193
+msgid ""
+"A meeting of consumer organizations (<a "
+"href=\"http://www.tacd.org\";>http://www.tacd.org</a>) recommended in May "
+"2001 that patents, copyrights and trademarks (“intellectual "
+"property”) should be excluded from the scope of the Hague treaty, "
+"because these laws vary considerably between countries."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:200
+msgid ""
+"That is a good recommendation, but it only solves part of the problem. "
+"Patents and bizarre extensions of copyright are just two of many excuses "
+"used for suppression of publication in certain countries. To solve the "
+"problem thoroughly, all cases about the legality of distributing or "
+"transmitting particular information should be excluded from globalization "
+"under the treaty, and only the country where the distributor or transmitter "
+"operates should have jurisdiction."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. link dead, disabled - yavor, 24 Apr 2007
+#. ; for more information, see
+#. <a
href="http://www.noepatents.org/hague";>http://www.noepatents.org/hague</a>.
+#
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:209
+msgid ""
+"In Europe, people opposed to software patents will be active in working to "
+"change the Hague treaty. In the U.S., the Consumer Project for Technology "
+"is taking the lead; for more information, see <a "
+"href=\"http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html\";>http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:220
+msgid ""
+"A diplomatic conference is slated to begin today (June 6, 2001) to work on "
+"the details of the Hague treaty. We should make ministries and the public "
+"aware of the possible dangers as soon as possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:232
+msgid ""
+"There is more information about the problems with the Hague at <a "
+"href=\"http://web.lemuria.org/DeCSS/hague.html\";>http://web.lemuria.org/DeCSS/hague.html</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:238
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:245
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:255
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:262
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2001 Richard Stallman <br /> Copyright © 2001 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc.,"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><address>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:266
+msgid "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:267
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:275
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:277
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/hague.proto:285
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/historical-apsl.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/historical-apsl.pot
diff -N philosophy/po/historical-apsl.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/historical-apsl.pot 29 Jun 2008 20:26:12 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-06-29 16:25-0400\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:3
+msgid ""
+"Problems with older versions of the Apple License (APSL) - GNU Project - "
+"Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:5
+msgid "The Problems with older versions of the Apple Public Source License"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:7
+msgid "FSF Position on the Older Versions of APSL"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:11
+msgid ""
+"The current version of the Apple Public Source License (APSL) does not have "
+"any of these problems. <a href=\"/philosophy/apsl.html\">You can read our "
+"current position on the APSL elsewhere</a>. This document is kept here for "
+"historical purposes only."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:19
+msgid ""
+"Apple released an updated version, 1.1, of the APSL but it remained "
+"unacceptable. They changed the termination clause into a "
+"“suspension” clause, but it still had the same kind of bad "
+"effects."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:25
+msgid ""
+"In January 2001, Apple released another version, APSL 1.2. This version "
+"fixes two of the fatal flaws, but one still remains: any modified version "
+"“deployed” in an organization must be published. The APSL 1.2 "
+"has taken two large steps towards a free software license, but still has one "
+"more large step to take before it qualifies."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:33
+msgid ""
+"Below, is the original commentary on the first version of the APSL, version "
+"1.0."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:36
+msgid "Original APSL Commentary"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:39
+msgid ""
+"After studying Apple's new source code license, the APSL, I have concluded "
+"that it falls short of being a free software license. It has three fatal "
+"flaws, any of which would be sufficient to make the software less than free."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:44
+msgid "Disrespect for privacy"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:46
+msgid ""
+"The APSL does not allow you to make a modified version and use it for your "
+"own private purposes, without publishing your changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:49
+msgid "Central control"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:51
+msgid ""
+"Anyone who releases (or even uses, other than for R&D) a modified "
+"version is required to notify one specific organization, which happens to be "
+"Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:55
+msgid "Possibility of revocation at any time"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:57
+msgid ""
+"The termination clause says that Apple can revoke this license, and forbid "
+"you to keep using all or some part of the software, any time someone makes "
+"an accusation of patent or copyright infringement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:61
+msgid ""
+"In this way, if Apple declines to fight a questionable patent (or one whose "
+"applicability to the code at hand is questionable), you will not be able to "
+"have your own day in court to fight it, because you would have to fight "
+"Apple's copyright as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:66
+msgid ""
+"Such a termination clause is especially bad for users outside the US, since "
+"it makes them indirectly vulnerable to the insane US patent system and the "
+"incompetent US patent office, which ordinarily could not touch them in their "
+"own countries."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:71
+msgid "Any one of these flaws makes a license unacceptable."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:73
+msgid ""
+"If these three flaws were solved, the APSL would be a free software license "
+"with three major practical problems, reminiscent of the NPL:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:77
+msgid ""
+"It is not a true copyleft, because it allows linking with other files which "
+"may be entirely proprietary."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:80
+msgid ""
+"It is unfair, since it requires you to give Apple rights to your changes "
+"which Apple will not give you for its code."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:83
+msgid "It is incompatible with the GPL."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:87
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the major difference between the NPL and the APSL is that the NPL "
+"<b>is</b> a free software license. These problems are significant in the "
+"case of the NPL because the NPL has no fatal flaws. Would that the same "
+"were true of the APSL."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:93
+msgid ""
+"At a fundamental level, the APSL makes a claim that, if it became accepted, "
+"would stretch copyright powers in a dangerous way: it claims to be able to "
+"set conditions for simply <b>running</b> the software. As I understand it, "
+"copyright law in the US does not permit this, except when encryption or a "
+"license manager is used to enforce the conditions. It would be terribly "
+"ironic if a failed attempt at making a free software license resulted in an "
+"extension of the effective range of copyright power."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:103
+msgid ""
+"Aside from this, we must remember that only part of MacOS is being released "
+"under the APSL. Even if the fatal flaws and practical problems of the APSL "
+"were fixed, even if it were changed into a very good free software license, "
+"that would do no good for the other parts of MacOS whose source code is not "
+"being released at all. We must not judge all of a company by just part of "
+"what they do."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:111
+msgid ""
+"Overall, I think that Apple's action is an example of the effects of the "
+"year-old <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">“open "
+"source” movement</a>: of its plan to appeal to business with the "
+"purely materialistic goal of faster development, while putting aside the "
+"deeper issues of freedom, community, cooperation, and what kind of society "
+"we want to live in."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:119
+msgid ""
+"Apple has grasped perfectly the concept with which “open source” "
+"is promoted, which is “show users the source and they will help you "
+"fix bugs”. What Apple has not grasped—or has dismissed—is "
+"the spirit of free software, which is that we form a community to cooperate "
+"on the commons of software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:129
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:136
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:146
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:153
+msgid "Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><address>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:155
+msgid "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:156
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:164
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:166
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#: ../../philosophy/po/historical-apsl.proto:174
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
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