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www/philosophy ICT-for-prosperity.html
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy ICT-for-prosperity.html |
|
Date: |
Wed, 25 Apr 2007 21:45:32 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 07/04/25 21:45:31
Modified files:
philosophy : ICT-for-prosperity.html
Log message:
Templated.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
Patches:
Index: ICT-for-prosperity.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- ICT-for-prosperity.html 5 May 2005 19:37:13 -0000 1.7
+++ ICT-for-prosperity.html 25 Apr 2007 21:45:07 -0000 1.8
@@ -1,36 +1,12 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en">
-
-<head>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
<title>Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for
Global Prosperity - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
-<link rev="made" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
-</head>
-
-<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
-<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
-<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
-<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
-<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Shaping Collaborative <abbr title="Information and Communications
Technology">ICT</abbr> Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity</h2>
-<h3>Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global
-Prosperity</h3>
<p>
-<a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><img
src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
- alt=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] "
- width="160" height="200" /></a>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a href="http://www.rattlesnake.com/";><strong>by Robert J.
Chassell</strong></a>
+by <a href="http://www.rattlesnake.com/";><strong>Robert
+J. Chassell</strong></a>
</p>
<p>
@@ -45,27 +21,23 @@
Free Software: Access and Empowerment</a>.]
</p>
-<hr style="text-align:left; margin: 0 auto 0 0; width:25%;" />
-
<p>
-The title of this presentation is
-
- "Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity"
-
-and the themes of this conference are `access', `empowerment' and
-`governance'.
+The title of this presentation is <q>Shaping
+Collaborative <abbr>ICT</abbr> Development and Initiatives for Global
+Prosperity</q> and the themes of this conference are
+‘access’, ‘empowerment’ and
+‘governance’.
</p>
<p>
What I want to do today is take one specific technology and talk about
the way we have shaped that technology to make it accessible and
-empowering,
-how we have placed it in an economic and institutional framework
-that encourages people to work collaboratively,
-and how to use the technology for better governance.
+empowering, how we have placed it in an economic and institutional
+framework that encourages people to work collaboratively, and how to
+use the technology for better governance.
</p>
<p>
The technology is software. The shaping has to do with copyright
-licensing terms -- its legal and institutional framework.
+licensing terms — its legal and institutional framework.
</p>
<p>
As a founder of the Free Software Foundation, I have been working for
@@ -74,10 +46,10 @@
the outcome of these efforts.
</p>
<p>
-ICT, the information and communications technologies, are made up of
-hardware and software components. I am speaking here only of
-software. However, I hope we can extend our experience from this to
-other technologies.
+<abbr>ICT</abbr>, the information and communications technologies, are
+made up of hardware and software components. I am speaking here only
+of software. However, I hope we can extend our experience from this
+to other technologies.
</p>
<p>
When I speak of software, I am speaking both about the programs that
@@ -119,8 +91,8 @@
</p>
<p>
For a good use of software technology, people must have the legal
-right to
-copy, study, modify, and redistribute it. All else flows from this.
+right to copy, study, modify, and redistribute it. All else flows
+from this.
</p>
<p>
GNU/Linux software gives people these rights. Programmers benefit,
@@ -128,14 +100,14 @@
</p>
<p>
For example, people in an area with lousy or no telephone service can
-use a rugged package called UUCP for communications. I recently read
-of an Oxfam group that did this.
+use a rugged package called <acronym title="Unix to Unix CoPy">UUCP</acronym>
+for communications. I recently read of an Oxfam group that did this.
</p>
<p>
People with older machines, even with the very old 80386 chips, can
run efficient programs that do as much as programs that require a
modern Pentium chip and expensive memory. And they can use these
-machines as servers for Web pages and as routers -- for
+machines as servers for Web pages and as routers — for
communications' infrastructure.
</p>
<p>
@@ -176,12 +148,13 @@
<p>
All these applications came on a CD-ROM that was, as it happens, given
me at no charge. I have also paid for CDs with a different version of
-the software -- sometimes it is more convenient just to buy. And if
-you have a fast Internet connection, you can readily download the
+the software — sometimes it is more convenient just to buy. And
+if you have a fast Internet connection, you can readily download the
software, paying only your connection costs.
</p>
<p>
-This wealth of software is available and can be used anywhere in the world.
+This wealth of software is available and can be used anywhere in the
+world.
</p>
<p>
To return to the question of how this technology was shaped: the key,
@@ -209,16 +182,16 @@
<p>
Not many people own a factory that would enable them to copy a car.
Indeed, to copy a car is so difficult that we use a different word, we
-speak of `manufacturing' a car. And there are not many car
-manufacturers in the world. Far fewer than one in thirty people own
-or have ready access to a car factory.
+speak of ‘manufacturing’ a car. And there are not many
+car manufacturers in the world. Far fewer than one in thirty people
+own or have ready access to a car factory.
</p>
<p>
But everyone with a computer owns a software factory, a device for
manufacturing software, that is to say, for making new copies.
Because copying software is so easy, we don't use the word
-`manufacturing'; we usually do not even think of it as a kind of
-manufacturing, but it is.
+‘manufacturing’; we usually do not even think of it as a
+kind of manufacturing, but it is.
</p>
<p>
The right to copy software is the right to use your own means of
@@ -391,7 +364,7 @@
</p>
<p>
Because of the freedoms associated with it, this software is called
-`free software.'
+‘free software.’
</p>
<p>
While I am speaking of this phrase, let me clear up a verbal issue
@@ -399,41 +372,44 @@
</p>
<p>
The low price of free software leads some English speakers to think
-that the word `free' in the phrase `free software' means they can
-obtain it without cost. This is not the definition, which is about
-<a href="free-software-for-freedom.html">freedom</a>,
-but it is an easy misunderstanding. After all, I have been
-talking of frugal use of resources, software that is inexpensive.
-</p>
-<p>
-The English word `free' has several meanings. As a Mexican friend of
-mine -- and leader, by the way, of a major free software project --
-once said to me,
-</p>
-<p>
-English is broken; it does not distinguish between `free beer' and
-`free speech'.
-</p>
+that the word ‘free’ in the phrase ‘free
+software’ means they can obtain it without cost. This is not
+the definition, which is about
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">freedom</a>, but
+it is an easy misunderstanding. After all, I have been talking of
+frugal use of resources, software that is inexpensive.
+</p>
+<p>
+The English word ‘free’ has several meanings. As a
+Mexican friend of mine — and leader, by the way, of a major free
+software project — once said to me,
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+English is broken; it does not distinguish between ‘free
+beer’ and ‘free speech’.
+</p></blockquote>
<p>
-Spanish, on the other hand, distinguishes between `gratis' and
-`libre'. Free software is `libre' software.
+Spanish, on the other hand, distinguishes between ‘gratis’
+and ‘libre’. Free software is ‘libre’
+software.
</p>
<p>
Likewise, the language of our hosts, Bahasa Melayu, distinguishes
-between `pecuma' and `kebebasa'. Free software is `kebebasa'
-software.
+between ‘pecuma’ and ‘kebebasa’. Free
+software is ‘kebebasa’ software.
</p>
<p>
-Incidentally, Eric Raymond and Bruce Perens invented the phrase `open
-source' a few years ago as a synonym `free software'. They wanted to
-work around the dislike many companies have of free markets. The
-phrase is popular; Eric and Bruce succeeded in their purpose.
+Incidentally, Eric Raymond and Bruce Perens invented the phrase
+‘open source’ a few years ago as a synonym ‘free
+software’. They wanted to work around the dislike many
+companies have of free markets. The phrase is popular; Eric and Bruce
+succeeded in their purpose.
</p>
<p>
-However, I prefer the term `free software' since it better conveys the
-goal of freedom; the proposition that every man and woman, even a
-person who lives in a third world country, has the right to do first
-rate work, and must not be forbidden from doing so.
+However, I prefer the term ‘free software’ since it better
+conveys the goal of freedom; the proposition that every man and woman,
+even a person who lives in a third world country, has the right to do
+first rate work, and must not be forbidden from doing so.
</p>
<p>
I mentioned that a business or community can use software that is
@@ -449,14 +425,14 @@
the industry to make money in other ways.
</p>
<p>
-Companies and people in the `software industry' do not sell software
-itself, but services associated with software or hardware or other
-solutions.
+Companies and people in the ‘software industry’ do not
+sell software itself, but services associated with software or
+hardware or other solutions.
</p>
<p>
-This is what happens in the medical and legal professions.
-Both medical knowledge and law are freely redistributable. Physicians
-and lawyers sell their services to solve problems.
+This is what happens in the medical and legal professions. Both
+medical knowledge and law are freely redistributable. Physicians and
+lawyers sell their services to solve problems.
</p>
<p>
What services do I mean? Most directly, help in using a computer, or,
@@ -511,7 +487,8 @@
times its cost. Then consider whether you would fund it.
</p>
<p>
-Next time you pay at a restaurant, take out four and a half times the money...
+Next time you pay at a restaurant, take out four and a half times the
+money…
</p>
<p>
For me the resource use was not an issue because I don't pay by the
@@ -549,13 +526,14 @@
software.
</p>
<p>
-In conclusion --
+In conclusion —
</p>
<p>
I was asked to speak on
</p>
<p>
- "Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity"
+<q>Shaping Collaborative <abbr>ICT</abbr> Development and
+Initiatives for Global Prosperity</q>
</p>
<p>
Over the past 16 years, I have worked with people who shaped software
@@ -608,48 +586,15 @@
Free software empowers people who previously were kept out.
</p>
-<hr />
-<h4><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></h4>
-
-
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
-
-<div class="translations">
-<p><a id="translations"></a>
-<b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
-<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
-<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
-<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
-[
- <a href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html">English</a>
-| <a href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.fr.html">Français</a> <!--
French -->
-]
-</p>
</div>
-<div class="copyright">
-<p>
-Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.
-</p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
<p>
Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
the FSF.
<br />
Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
@@ -658,26 +603,51 @@
<p>
Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations">Translations
README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
translations of this article.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA
-<br />
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc.,</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
</p>
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2005/05/05 19:37:13 $ $Author: novalis $
+$Date: 2007/04/25 21:45:07 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Translations of this page</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right, cf. -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
</body>
</html>
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