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www/philosophy boldrin-levine.html
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy boldrin-levine.html |
|
Date: |
Fri, 30 Mar 2007 14:26:11 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 07/03/30 14:26:11
Modified files:
philosophy : boldrin-levine.html
Log message:
Templated.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
Patches:
Index: boldrin-levine.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- boldrin-levine.html 10 Apr 2006 06:21:39 -0000 1.9
+++ boldrin-levine.html 30 Mar 2007 14:26:04 -0000 1.10
@@ -1,58 +1,37 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en">
-
-<head>
-<title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, "The case against intellectual property" -
GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
-<link rev="made" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
-</head>
-
-<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
-<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
-<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
-<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
-<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
-
-<body>
-
-<p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>
-
-<h3>Review: Boldrin and Levine, "The case against intellectual property"</h3>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against
+intellectual property” - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against intellectual
property”</h2>
<p>
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
-<p>
-<a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><img
src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
- alt=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] "
- width="160" height="200" /></a>
-</p>
<p>
-<a
href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html";><http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html></a>
-contains a paper by Boldrin and Levine entitled "The case against
-intellectual property". It argues on economic grounds that authors can
+<a
href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html";>http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html</a>
+contains a paper by Boldrin and Levine entitled “The case against
+intellectual property”. It argues on economic grounds that authors can
make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can copy.</p>
<p>
-You've probably heard the superficial argument that "If the program is
-free, you will only sell one copy." The obvious response is that today
-there are companies that sell thousands of copies a month. But this paper
-provides another response: it shows why people who are fully aware of the
-economic consequences of the freedom to copy would pay a high price for
-"the first copy".</p>
-
-<p>
-<a href="words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The term "intellectual
-property" is biased and spreads confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see--by
-calling copyright and patents and trademarks "property", it leads people to
-think that criticizing them is "opposing property rights". The confusion
-is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and trademarks together,
-it leads people to treat them as one thing, to ignore their large
-differences and consider them as a single issue in terms of their meager
-similarities.</p>
+You've probably heard the superficial argument that “If the
+program is free, you will only sell one copy”. The obvious
+response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of
+copies a month. But this paper provides another response: it shows
+why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the
+freedom to copy would pay a high price for “the first
+copy”.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The
+term “intellectual property” is biased and spreads
+confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see—by calling copyright and
+patents and trademarks “property”, it leads people to
+think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights”.
+The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and
+trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to
+ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in
+terms of their meager similarities.</p>
<p>
This usually means ignoring social and ethical aspects of copyrights, and
@@ -69,61 +48,28 @@
shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to hide.</p>
<p>
-I believe we should continue to reject the term "intellectual property".
-We need to call attention to the non-economic aspects of copyrights and the
-different non-economic aspects of patents. However, Boldrin and Levine's
-arguments will be useful for responding to people who insist on narrowing
-their values to economics.</p>
+I believe we should continue to reject the term “intellectual
+property”. We need to call attention to the non-economic
+aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of
+patents. However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for
+responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to
+economics.</p>
<p>
The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical.
Popularization of its ideas would be useful.</p>
-
-<hr />
-<h4><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></h4>
-<hr />
-
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
-
-<div class="translations">
-<p><a id="translations"></a>
-<b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
-<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
-<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
-<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
-
-[
- <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">English</a>
-| <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.fr.html">Français</a> <!--
French -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.pl.html">Polski</a> <!-- Polish -->
-]
-</p>
</div>
-<div class="copyright">
-<p>
-Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.
-</p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></p>
<p>
Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
the FSF.
<br />
Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
@@ -132,13 +78,13 @@
<p>
Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations">Translations
README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
translations of this article.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright (C) 2003 Richard M. Stallman.
+Copyright © 2003 Richard M. Stallman
<br />
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
@@ -148,10 +94,36 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2006/04/10 06:21:39 $ $Author: wkotwica $
+$Date: 2007/03/30 14:26:04 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
+<div id="translations">
+<h3>Translations of this page:</h3>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch.-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
</body>
</html>
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