www/philosophy categories.html

[Karl Berry]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Karl Berry <karl>       06/11/08 23:09:48

Modified files:
        philosophy     : categories.html 

Log message:
        " quotes

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/categories.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.31&r2=1.32

Patches:
Index: categories.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/categories.html,v
retrieving revision 1.31
retrieving revision 1.32
diff -u -b -r1.31 -r1.32
--- categories.html     20 Jun 2005 15:05:23 -0000      1.31
+++ categories.html     8 Nov 2006 23:09:44 -0000       1.32
@@ -36,38 +36,38 @@
 <h4>Table of Contents</h4>
 <ul>
        <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></li>
-       <li>``<a href="#FreeSoftware"
-       id="TOCFreeSoftware">Free software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#OpenSource"
-       id="TOCOpenSource">Open source</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#PublicDomainSoftware"
-       id="TOCPublicDomainSoftware">Public domain software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#CopyleftedSoftware"
-       id="TOCCopyleftedSoftware">Copylefted software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware"
-       id="TOCNon-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">Non-copylefted free 
software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#GPL-CoveredSoftware"
-       id="TOCGPL-CoveredSoftware">GPL-covered software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#TheGNUsystem"
-       id="TOCTheGNUsystem">The GNU system</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#GNUprograms"
-       id="TOCGNUprograms">GNU programs</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#GNUsoftware"
-       id="TOCGNUsoftware">GNU software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#non-freeSoftware"
-       id="TOCnon-freeSoftware">Non-free software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#semi-freeSoftware"
-       id="TOCsemi-freeSoftware">Semi-free software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#ProprietarySoftware"
-       id="TOCProprietarySoftware">Proprietary software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#shareware"
-       id="TOCshareware">Shareware</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#freeware"
-       id="TOCfreeware">Freeware</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#PrivateSoftware"
-       id="TOCPrivateSoftware">Private (custom) software</a>''</li>
-       <li>``<a href="#commercialSoftware"
-       id="TOCcommercialSoftware">Commercial software</a>''</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#FreeSoftware"
+       id="TOCFreeSoftware">Free software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#OpenSource"
+       id="TOCOpenSource">Open source</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#PublicDomainSoftware"
+       id="TOCPublicDomainSoftware">Public domain software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#CopyleftedSoftware"
+       id="TOCCopyleftedSoftware">Copylefted software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware"
+       id="TOCNon-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">Non-copylefted free 
software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#GPL-CoveredSoftware"
+       id="TOCGPL-CoveredSoftware">GPL-covered software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#TheGNUsystem"
+       id="TOCTheGNUsystem">The GNU system</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#GNUprograms"
+       id="TOCGNUprograms">GNU programs</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#GNUsoftware"
+       id="TOCGNUsoftware">GNU software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#non-freeSoftware"
+       id="TOCnon-freeSoftware">Non-free software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#semi-freeSoftware"
+       id="TOCsemi-freeSoftware">Semi-free software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#ProprietarySoftware"
+       id="TOCProprietarySoftware">Proprietary software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#shareware"
+       id="TOCshareware">Shareware</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#freeware"
+       id="TOCfreeware">Freeware</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#PrivateSoftware"
+       id="TOCPrivateSoftware">Private (custom) software</a>"</li>
+       <li>"<a href="#commercialSoftware"
+       id="TOCcommercialSoftware">Commercial software</a>"</li>
        <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a></li>
 
 </ul>
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@
        Free software is software that comes with permission for anyone
        to use, copy, and distribute, either verbatim or with
        modifications, either gratis or for a fee.  In particular, this
-       means that source code must be available.  ``If it's not source,
-       it's not software.''  This is a simplified definition; see also
+       means that source code must be available.  "If it's not source,
+       it's not software."  This is a simplified definition; see also
        the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">full definition</a>.
        <p>
        If a program is free, then it can potentially be included in a
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
        the <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">license list</a> page.</p>
        <p>
        Free software is a matter of freedom, not price.  But proprietary
-       software companies sometimes use the term ``free software'' to refer
+       software companies sometimes use the term "free software" to refer
        to price.  Sometimes they mean that you can obtain a binary copy at no
        charge; sometimes they mean that a copy is included on a computer that
        you are buying.  This has nothing to do with what we mean by free
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@
        to see whether users really have all the freedoms that free software
        implies.  Sometimes it really is free software; sometimes it isn't.</p>
        <p>
-       Many languages have two separate words for ``free'' as in
-       freedom and ``free'' as in zero price.  For example, French has
-       ``libre'' and ``gratuit''.  Not so English; there is a word
-       ``gratis'' that refers unambiguously to price, but no common
+       Many languages have two separate words for "free" as in
+       freedom and "free" as in zero price.  For example, French has
+       "libre" and "gratuit".  Not so English; there is a word
+       "gratis" that refers unambiguously to price, but no common
        adjective that refers unambiguously to freedom.  So if you
-       are speaking another language, we suggest you translate ``free''
+       are speaking another language, we suggest you translate "free"
        into your language to make it clearer.  See our list of
        <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html"> translations of the
        term "free software"</a> into various other languages.</p>
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
 <dt><a href="#TOCOpenSource"
        id="OpenSource"><strong>Open Source software</strong></a></dt>
 <dd>
-     The term ``open source'' software is used by some people to mean
+     The term "open source" software is used by some people to mean
      more or less the same category as free software.  It is not
      exactly the same class of software: they accept some licenses
      that we consider too restrictive, and there are free software
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@
      is open source, and nearly all open source software is free.
      <p>
      We prefer the term
-     ``<a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">free
-     software</a>'' because it refers to freedom--something that
-     the term ``open source'' does not do.</p>
+     "<a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">free
+     software</a>" because it refers to freedom--something that
+     the term "open source" does not do.</p>
      </dd>
 
 <dt><a href="#TOCPublicDomainSoftware"
@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@
      permission for everyone to use it in freedom, using a free
      software license.</p>
      <p>
-     Sometimes people use the term ``public domain'' in a loose fashion to
-     mean <a href="#FreeSoftware">``free''</a> or
-     ``available gratis.''  However, ``public domain'' is a legal term and
-     means, precisely, ``not copyrighted''.  For clarity, we recommend
-     using ``public domain'' for that meaning only, and using other terms
+     Sometimes people use the term "public domain" in a loose fashion to
+     mean <a href="#FreeSoftware">"free"</a> or
+     "available gratis."  However, "public domain" is a legal term and
+     means, precisely, "not copyrighted".  For clarity, we recommend
+     using "public domain" for that meaning only, and using other terms
      to convey the other meanings.</p>
      <p>
      Under the Berne Convention, which most countries have signed,
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
      <p>
      In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we write,
      because our goal is to give <em>every</em> user the freedoms implied
-     by the term ``free software.''  See 
+     by the term "free software."  See 
      <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">Copylefted</a> for more explanation
      of how copyleft works and why we use it.</p>
      <p>
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
      there can be many copyleft free software licenses.  However,
      in actual practice nearly all copylefted software uses the
      <a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>.
-     Two different copyleft licenses are usually ``incompatible'', which
+     Two different copyleft licenses are usually "incompatible", which
      means it is illegal to merge the code using one license with the
      code using the other license; therefore, it is good for the community
      if people use a single copyleft license.</p>
@@ -277,10 +277,10 @@
 <dt><a href="#TOCGNUprograms"
        id="GNUprograms"><strong>GNU programs</strong></a></dt>
 <dd>
-     ``GNU programs'' is equivalent to <a href="#GNUsoftware">
+     "GNU programs" is equivalent to <a href="#GNUsoftware">
      GNU software.</a>
      A program Foo is a GNU program if it is GNU software.
-     We also sometimes say it is a ``GNU package''.
+     We also sometimes say it is a "GNU package".
        <p></p>
      </dd>
 
@@ -358,13 +358,13 @@
      <p>
      The Free Software Foundation itself is non-commercial, and therefore
      we would be legally permitted to use a semi-free program
-     ``internally''.  But we don't do that, because that would undermine
+     "internally".  But we don't do that, because that would undermine
      our efforts to obtain a program which we could also include in GNU.</p>
      <p>
      If there is a job that needs doing with software, then until we have a
      free program to do the job, the GNU system has a gap.  We have to tell
-     volunteers, ``We don't have a program yet to do this job in GNU, so we
-     hope you will write one.''  If we ourselves used a semi-free program
+     volunteers, "We don't have a program yet to do this job in GNU, so we
+     hope you will write one."  If we ourselves used a semi-free program
      to do the job, that would undermine what we say; it would take away
      the impetus (on us, and on others who might listen to our views) to
      write a free replacement.  So we don't do that.</p>
@@ -399,11 +399,11 @@
 <dt><a href="#TOCfreeware"
        id="freeware"><strong>Freeware</strong></a></dt>
 <dd>
-     The term ``freeware'' has no clear accepted definition,
+     The term "freeware" has no clear accepted definition,
      but it is commonly used for packages which permit redistribution
      but not modification (and their source code is not available).
      These packages are <em>not</em> free software, so please don't
-     use ``freeware'' to refer to free software.
+     use "freeware" to refer to free software.
        <p></p>
      </dd>
 
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
 <dd>
      Commercial software is software being developed by a business
      which aims to make money from the use of the software.
-     ``Commercial'' and ``proprietary'' are not the same thing!  Most
+     "Commercial" and "proprietary" are not the same thing!  Most
      commercial software is
      <a href="#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>,
      but there is commercial free software, and there is non-commercial
@@ -469,10 +469,10 @@
      For example, GNU Ada is always distributed under the terms of
      the GNU GPL, and every copy is free software; but its developers
      sell support contracts.  When their salesmen speak to prospective
-     customers, sometimes the customers say, ``We would feel safer
-     with a commercial compiler.''  The salesmen reply, ``GNU Ada
+     customers, sometimes the customers say, "We would feel safer
+     with a commercial compiler."  The salesmen reply, "GNU Ada
      <em>is</em> a commercial compiler; it happens to be free
-     software.''</p>
+     software."</p>
      <p>
      For the GNU Project, the emphasis is in the other order: the
      important thing is that GNU Ada is free software; whether it is
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
      <p>
      Please help spread the awareness that commercial free software
      is possible.  You can do this by making an effort not to
-     say ``commercial'' when you mean ``proprietary.''</p>
+     say "commercial" when you mean "proprietary."</p>
      </dd>
 </dl>
 
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
 </p>
 
 <p>
-Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110,  USA
 <br />
 Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
 <p>
 Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2005/06/20 15:05:23 $ $Author: rms $
+$Date: 2006/11/08 23:09:44 $ $Author: karl $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>