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[Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 12/15] qht: add qht-bench, a performance benchmar
|
From: |
Emilio G. Cota |
|
Subject: |
[Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 12/15] qht: add qht-bench, a performance benchmark |
|
Date: |
Tue, 24 May 2016 21:13:19 -0400 |
This serves as a performance benchmark as well as a stress test
for QHT. We can tweak quite a number of things, including the
number of resize threads and how frequently resizes are triggered.
A performance comparison of QHT vs CLHT[1] and ck_hs[2] using
this same benchmark program can be found here:
http://imgur.com/a/0Bms4
The tests are run on a 64-core AMD Opteron 6376.
Note that ck_hs's performance drops significantly as writes go
up, since it requires an external lock (I used a ck_spinlock)
around every write.
Also, note that CLHT instead of using a seqlock, relies on an
allocator that does not ever return the same address during the
same read-critical section. This gives it a slight performance
advantage over QHT on read-heavy workloads, since the seqlock
writes aren't there.
[1] CLHT: https://github.com/LPD-EPFL/CLHT
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/207109/files/ascy_asplos15.pdf
[2] ck_hs: http://concurrencykit.org/
http://backtrace.io/blog/blog/2015/03/13/workload-specialization/
A few of those plots are shown in text here, since that site
might not be online forever. Throughput is on Mops/s on the Y axis.
200K keys, 0 % updates
450 ++--+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+--++
| + + + + + + + + +N+ |
400 ++ ---+E+ ++
| +++---- |
350 ++ 9 ++------+------++ --+E+ -+H+ ++
| | +H+- | -+N+---- ---- +++ |
300 ++ 8 ++ +E+ ++ -----+E+ --+H+ ++
| | +++ | -+N+-----+H+-- |
250 ++ 7 ++------+------++ +++-----+E+---- ++
200 ++ 1 -+E+-----+H+ ++
| ---- qht +-E--+ |
150 ++ -+E+ clht +-H--+ ++
| ---- ck +-N--+ |
100 ++ +E+ ++
| ---- |
50 ++ -+E+ ++
| +E+E+ + + + + + + + + |
0 ++--E------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+--++
1 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Number of threads
200K keys, 1 % updates
350 ++--+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+--++
| + + + + + + + + -+E+ |
300 ++ -----+H+ ++
| +E+-- |
| 9 ++------+------++ +++---- |
250 ++ | +E+ -- | -+E+ ++
| 8 ++ -- ++ ---- |
200 ++ | +++- | +++ ---+E+ ++
| 7 ++------N------++ -+E+-- qht +-E--+ |
| 1 +++---- clht +-H--+ |
150 ++ -+E+ ck +-N--+ ++
| ---- |
100 ++ +E+ ++
| ---- |
| -+E+ |
50 ++ +H+-+N+----+N+-----+N+------ ++
| +E+E+ + + + +N+-----+N+-----+N+----+N+-----+N+ |
0 ++--E------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+--++
1 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Number of threads
200K keys, 20 % updates
300 ++--+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+-------+--++
| + + + + + + + + + |
| -+H+ |
250 ++ ---- ++
| 9 ++------+------++ --+H+ ---+E+ |
| 8 ++ +H+-- ++ -+H+----+E+-- |
200 ++ | +E+ --| -----+E+-- +++ ++
| 7 ++ + ---- ++ ---+H+---- +++ qht +-E--+ |
150 ++ 6 ++------N------++ -+H+-----+E+ clht +-H--+ ++
| 1 -----+E+-- ck +-N--+ |
| -+H+---- |
100 ++ -----+E+ ++
| +E+-- |
| ----+++ |
50 ++ -+E+ ++
| +E+ +++ |
| +E+N+-+N+-----+ + + + + + + |
0 ++--E------+------N-------N-------N-------N-------N------N-------N--++
1 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Number of threads
200K keys, 100 % updates qht +-E--+
clht +-H--+
160 ++--+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---ck-+-N-----+--++
| + + + + + + + + ----H |
140 ++ +H+-- -+E+ ++
| +++---- ---- |
120 ++ 8 ++------+------++ -+H+ +E+ ++
| 7 ++ +H+---- ++ ---- +++---- |
100 ++ | +E+ | +++ ---+H+ -+E+ ++
| 6 ++ +++ ++ -+H+-- +++---- |
80 ++ 5 ++------N----------+E+-----+E+ ++
| 1 -+H+---- +++ |
| -----+E+ |
60 ++ +H+---- +++ ++
| ----+E+ |
40 ++ +H+---- ++
| --+E+ |
20 ++ +E+ ++
| +EE+ + + + + + + + + |
0 ++--+N-N---N------N-------N-------N-------N-------N------N-------N--++
1 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64
Number of threads
Signed-off-by: Emilio G. Cota <address@hidden>
---
tests/.gitignore | 1 +
tests/Makefile | 3 +-
tests/qht-bench.c | 474 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 477 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
create mode 100644 tests/qht-bench.c
diff --git a/tests/.gitignore b/tests/.gitignore
index ffde5d2..d19023e 100644
--- a/tests/.gitignore
+++ b/tests/.gitignore
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ check-qnull
check-qstring
check-qom-interface
check-qom-proplist
+qht-bench
rcutorture
test-aio
test-base64
diff --git a/tests/Makefile b/tests/Makefile
index 8589b11..176bbd8 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile
+++ b/tests/Makefile
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ test-obj-y = tests/check-qint.o tests/check-qstring.o
tests/check-qdict.o \
tests/test-opts-visitor.o tests/test-qmp-event.o \
tests/rcutorture.o tests/test-rcu-list.o \
tests/test-qdist.o \
- tests/test-qht.o
+ tests/test-qht.o tests/qht-bench.o
$(test-obj-y): QEMU_INCLUDES += -Itests
QEMU_CFLAGS += -I$(SRC_PATH)/tests
@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@ tests/rcutorture$(EXESUF): tests/rcutorture.o
$(test-util-obj-y)
tests/test-rcu-list$(EXESUF): tests/test-rcu-list.o $(test-util-obj-y)
tests/test-qdist$(EXESUF): tests/test-qdist.o $(test-util-obj-y)
tests/test-qht$(EXESUF): tests/test-qht.o $(test-util-obj-y)
+tests/qht-bench$(EXESUF): tests/qht-bench.o $(test-util-obj-y)
tests/test-qdev-global-props$(EXESUF): tests/test-qdev-global-props.o \
hw/core/qdev.o hw/core/qdev-properties.o hw/core/hotplug.o\
diff --git a/tests/qht-bench.c b/tests/qht-bench.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30d27c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qht-bench.c
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016, Emilio G. Cota <address@hidden>
+ *
+ * License: GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include <glib.h>
+#include "qemu/processor.h"
+#include "qemu/atomic.h"
+#include "qemu/qht.h"
+#include "qemu/rcu.h"
+#include "exec/tb-hash-xx.h"
+
+struct thread_stats {
+ size_t rd;
+ size_t not_rd;
+ size_t in;
+ size_t not_in;
+ size_t rm;
+ size_t not_rm;
+ size_t rz;
+ size_t not_rz;
+};
+
+struct thread_info {
+ void (*func)(struct thread_info *);
+ struct thread_stats stats;
+ uint64_t r;
+ bool write_op; /* writes alternate between insertions and removals */
+ bool resize_down;
+} QEMU_ALIGNED(64); /* avoid false sharing among threads */
+
+static struct qht ht;
+static QemuThread *rw_threads;
+
+#define DEFAULT_RANGE (4096)
+#define DEFAULT_QHT_N_ELEMS DEFAULT_RANGE
+
+static unsigned int duration = 1;
+static unsigned int n_rw_threads = 1;
+static unsigned long lookup_range = DEFAULT_RANGE;
+static unsigned long update_range = DEFAULT_RANGE;
+static size_t init_range = DEFAULT_RANGE;
+static size_t init_size = DEFAULT_RANGE;
+static long populate_offset;
+static long *keys;
+
+static size_t resize_min;
+static size_t resize_max;
+static struct thread_info *rz_info;
+static unsigned long resize_delay = 1000;
+static double resize_rate; /* 0.0 to 1.0 */
+static unsigned int n_rz_threads = 1;
+static QemuThread *rz_threads;
+
+static double update_rate; /* 0.0 to 1.0 */
+static uint64_t update_threshold;
+static uint64_t resize_threshold;
+
+static size_t qht_n_elems = DEFAULT_QHT_N_ELEMS;
+static int qht_mode;
+
+static bool test_start;
+static bool test_stop;
+
+static struct thread_info *rw_info;
+
+static const char commands_string[] =
+ " -d = duration, in seconds\n"
+ " -n = number of threads\n"
+ "\n"
+ " -k = initial number of keys\n"
+ " -o = offset at which keys start\n"
+ " -K = initial range of keys (will be rounded up to pow2)\n"
+ " -l = lookup range of keys (will be rounded up to pow2)\n"
+ " -r = update range of keys (will be rounded up to pow2)\n"
+ "\n"
+ " -u = update rate (0.0 to 100.0), 50/50 split of insertions/removals\n"
+ "\n"
+ " -s = initial size hint\n"
+ " -R = enable auto-resize\n"
+ " -S = resize rate (0.0 to 100.0)\n"
+ " -D = delay (in us) between potential resizes\n"
+ " -N = number of resize threads";
+
+static void usage_complete(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", argv[0]);
+ fprintf(stderr, "options:\n%s\n", commands_string);
+ exit(-1);
+}
+
+static bool is_equal(const void *obj, const void *userp)
+{
+ const long *a = obj;
+ const long *b = userp;
+
+ return *a == *b;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t h(unsigned long v)
+{
+ return tb_hash_func5(v, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorshift
+ * This is faster than rand_r(), and gives us a wider range (RAND_MAX is only
+ * guaranteed to be >= INT_MAX).
+ */
+static uint64_t xorshift64star(uint64_t x)
+{
+ x ^= x >> 12; /* a */
+ x ^= x << 25; /* b */
+ x ^= x >> 27; /* c */
+ return x * UINT64_C(2685821657736338717);
+}
+
+static void do_rz(struct thread_info *info)
+{
+ struct thread_stats *stats = &info->stats;
+
+ if (info->r < resize_threshold) {
+ size_t size = info->resize_down ? resize_min : resize_max;
+ bool resized;
+
+ resized = qht_resize(&ht, size);
+ info->resize_down = !info->resize_down;
+
+ if (resized) {
+ stats->rz++;
+ } else {
+ stats->not_rz++;
+ }
+ }
+ g_usleep(resize_delay);
+}
+
+static void do_rw(struct thread_info *info)
+{
+ struct thread_stats *stats = &info->stats;
+ uint32_t hash;
+ long *p;
+
+ if (info->r >= update_threshold) {
+ bool read;
+
+ p = &keys[info->r & (lookup_range - 1)];
+ hash = h(*p);
+ read = qht_lookup(&ht, is_equal, p, hash);
+ if (read) {
+ stats->rd++;
+ } else {
+ stats->not_rd++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ p = &keys[info->r & (update_range - 1)];
+ hash = h(*p);
+ if (info->write_op) {
+ bool written = false;
+
+ if (qht_lookup(&ht, is_equal, p, hash) == NULL) {
+ written = qht_insert(&ht, p, hash);
+ }
+ if (written) {
+ stats->in++;
+ } else {
+ stats->not_in++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ bool removed = false;
+
+ if (qht_lookup(&ht, is_equal, p, hash)) {
+ removed = qht_remove(&ht, p, hash);
+ }
+ if (removed) {
+ stats->rm++;
+ } else {
+ stats->not_rm++;
+ }
+ }
+ info->write_op = !info->write_op;
+ }
+}
+
+static void *thread_func(void *p)
+{
+ struct thread_info *info = p;
+
+ while (!atomic_mb_read(&test_start)) {
+ cpu_relax();
+ }
+
+ rcu_register_thread();
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ while (!atomic_read(&test_stop)) {
+ info->r = xorshift64star(info->r);
+ info->func(info);
+ }
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ rcu_unregister_thread();
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+/* sets everything except info->func */
+static void prepare_thread_info(struct thread_info *info, int i)
+{
+ /* seed for the RNG; each thread should have a different one */
+ info->r = (i + 1) ^ time(NULL);
+ /* the first update will be a write */
+ info->write_op = true;
+ /* the first resize will be down */
+ info->resize_down = true;
+
+ memset(&info->stats, 0, sizeof(info->stats));
+}
+
+static void
+th_create_n(QemuThread **threads, struct thread_info **infos, const char *name,
+ void (*func)(struct thread_info *), int offset, int n)
+{
+ struct thread_info *info;
+ QemuThread *th;
+ int i;
+
+ th = g_malloc(sizeof(*th) * n);
+ *threads = th;
+
+ info = qemu_memalign(64, sizeof(*info) * n);
+ *infos = info;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ prepare_thread_info(&info[i], i);
+ info[i].func = func;
+ qemu_thread_create(&th[i], name, thread_func, &info[i],
+ QEMU_THREAD_JOINABLE);
+ }
+}
+
+static void create_threads(void)
+{
+ th_create_n(&rw_threads, &rw_info, "rw", do_rw, 0, n_rw_threads);
+ th_create_n(&rz_threads, &rz_info, "rz", do_rz, n_rw_threads,
n_rz_threads);
+}
+
+static void pr_params(void)
+{
+ printf("Parameters:\n");
+ printf(" duration: %d s\n", duration);
+ printf(" # of threads: %u\n", n_rw_threads);
+ printf(" initial # of keys: %zu\n", init_size);
+ printf(" initial size hint: %zu\n", qht_n_elems);
+ printf(" auto-resize: %s\n",
+ qht_mode & QHT_MODE_AUTO_RESIZE ? "on" : "off");
+ if (resize_rate) {
+ printf(" resize_rate: %f%%\n", resize_rate * 100.0);
+ printf(" resize range: %zu-%zu\n", resize_min, resize_max);
+ printf(" # resize threads %u\n", n_rz_threads);
+ }
+ printf(" update rate: %f%%\n", update_rate * 100.0);
+ printf(" offset: %ld\n", populate_offset);
+ printf(" initial key range: %zu\n", init_range);
+ printf(" lookup range: %zu\n", lookup_range);
+ printf(" update range: %zu\n", update_range);
+}
+
+static void do_threshold(double rate, uint64_t *threshold)
+{
+ if (rate == 1.0) {
+ *threshold = UINT64_MAX;
+ } else {
+ *threshold = rate * UINT64_MAX;
+ }
+}
+
+static void htable_init(void)
+{
+ unsigned long n = MAX(init_range, update_range);
+ uint64_t r = time(NULL);
+ size_t retries = 0;
+ size_t i;
+
+ /* avoid allocating memory later by allocating all the keys now */
+ keys = g_malloc(sizeof(*keys) * n);
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ keys[i] = populate_offset + i;
+ }
+
+ /* some sanity checks */
+ g_assert_cmpuint(lookup_range, <=, n);
+
+ /* compute thresholds */
+ do_threshold(update_rate, &update_threshold);
+ do_threshold(resize_rate, &resize_threshold);
+
+ if (resize_rate) {
+ resize_min = n / 2;
+ resize_max = n;
+ assert(resize_min < resize_max);
+ } else {
+ n_rz_threads = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* initialize the hash table */
+ qht_init(&ht, qht_n_elems, qht_mode);
+ assert(init_size <= init_range);
+
+ pr_params();
+
+ fprintf(stderr, "Initialization: populating %zu items...", init_size);
+ for (i = 0; i < init_size; i++) {
+ for (;;) {
+ uint32_t hash;
+ long *p;
+
+ r = xorshift64star(r);
+ p = &keys[r & (init_range - 1)];
+ hash = h(*p);
+ if (qht_insert(&ht, p, hash)) {
+ break;
+ }
+ retries++;
+ }
+ }
+ fprintf(stderr, " populated after %zu retries\n", retries);
+}
+
+static void add_stats(struct thread_stats *s, struct thread_info *info, int n)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ struct thread_stats *stats = &info[i].stats;
+
+ s->rd += stats->rd;
+ s->not_rd += stats->not_rd;
+
+ s->in += stats->in;
+ s->not_in += stats->not_in;
+
+ s->rm += stats->rm;
+ s->not_rm += stats->not_rm;
+
+ s->rz += stats->rz;
+ s->not_rz += stats->not_rz;
+ }
+}
+
+static void pr_stats(void)
+{
+ struct thread_stats s = {};
+ double tx;
+
+ add_stats(&s, rw_info, n_rw_threads);
+ add_stats(&s, rz_info, n_rz_threads);
+
+ printf("Results:\n");
+
+ if (resize_rate) {
+ printf(" Resizes: %zu (%.2f%% of %zu)\n",
+ s.rz, (double)s.rz / (s.rz + s.not_rz) * 100, s.rz + s.not_rz);
+ }
+
+ printf(" Read: %.2f M (%.2f%% of %.2fM)\n",
+ (double)s.rd / 1e6,
+ (double)s.rd / (s.rd + s.not_rd) * 100,
+ (double)(s.rd + s.not_rd) / 1e6);
+ printf(" Inserted: %.2f M (%.2f%% of %.2fM)\n",
+ (double)s.in / 1e6,
+ (double)s.in / (s.in + s.not_in) * 100,
+ (double)(s.in + s.not_in) / 1e6);
+ printf(" Removed: %.2f M (%.2f%% of %.2fM)\n",
+ (double)s.rm / 1e6,
+ (double)s.rm / (s.rm + s.not_rm) * 100,
+ (double)(s.rm + s.not_rm) / 1e6);
+
+ tx = (s.rd + s.not_rd + s.in + s.not_in + s.rm + s.not_rm) / 1e6 /
duration;
+ printf(" Throughput: %.2f MT/s\n", tx);
+ printf(" Throughput/thread: %.2f MT/s/thread\n", tx / n_rw_threads);
+}
+
+static void run_test(void)
+{
+ unsigned int remaining;
+ int i;
+
+ atomic_mb_set(&test_start, true);
+ do {
+ remaining = sleep(duration);
+ } while (remaining);
+ atomic_mb_set(&test_stop, true);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n_rw_threads; i++) {
+ qemu_thread_join(&rw_threads[i]);
+ }
+ for (i = 0; i < n_rz_threads; i++) {
+ qemu_thread_join(&rz_threads[i]);
+ }
+}
+
+static void parse_args(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ int c;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ c = getopt(argc, argv, "d:D:k:K:l:hn:N:o:r:Rs:S:u:");
+ if (c < 0) {
+ break;
+ }
+ switch (c) {
+ case 'd':
+ duration = atoi(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'D':
+ resize_delay = atol(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'h':
+ usage_complete(argc, argv);
+ exit(0);
+ case 'k':
+ init_size = atol(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'K':
+ init_range = pow2ceil(atol(optarg));
+ break;
+ case 'l':
+ lookup_range = pow2ceil(atol(optarg));
+ break;
+ case 'n':
+ n_rw_threads = atoi(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'N':
+ n_rz_threads = atoi(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'o':
+ populate_offset = atol(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'r':
+ update_range = pow2ceil(atol(optarg));
+ break;
+ case 'R':
+ qht_mode |= QHT_MODE_AUTO_RESIZE;
+ break;
+ case 's':
+ qht_n_elems = atol(optarg);
+ break;
+ case 'S':
+ resize_rate = atof(optarg) / 100.0;
+ if (resize_rate > 1.0) {
+ resize_rate = 1.0;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'u':
+ update_rate = atof(optarg) / 100.0;
+ if (update_rate > 1.0) {
+ update_rate = 1.0;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ parse_args(argc, argv);
+ htable_init();
+ create_threads();
+ run_test();
+ pr_stats();
+ return 0;
+}
--
2.5.0
- Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 11/15] qht: add test program, (continued)
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 01/15] compiler.h: add QEMU_ALIGNED() to enforce struct alignment, Emilio G. Cota, 2016/05/24
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 15/15] translate-all: add tb hash bucket info to 'info jit' dump, Emilio G. Cota, 2016/05/24
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 14/15] tb hash: track translated blocks with qht, Emilio G. Cota, 2016/05/24
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 07/15] tb hash: hash phys_pc, pc, and flags with xxhash, Emilio G. Cota, 2016/05/24
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 12/15] qht: add qht-bench, a performance benchmark,
Emilio G. Cota <=
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 10/15] qht: QEMU's fast, resizable and scalable Hash Table, Emilio G. Cota, 2016/05/24
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 08/15] qdist: add module to represent frequency distributions of data, Emilio G. Cota, 2016/05/24
- [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v6 13/15] qht: add test-qht-par to invoke qht-bench from 'check' target, Emilio G. Cota, 2016/05/24