[Qemu-devel] [PATCH v2] qemu-img: Implement 'diff' operation.

[Richard W.M. Jones]

From: "Richard W.M. Jones" <address@hidden>

This produces a qcow2 file which is the difference between
two disk images.  ie, if:

  base.img     - is a disk image (in any format)
  modified.img - is base.img, copied and modified

then:

  qemu-img diff -b base.img modified.img diff.qcow2

creates 'diff.qcow2' which contains the differences between 'base.img'
and 'modified.img'.  Note that 'diff.qcow2' has 'base.img' as its
backing file.

Signed-off-by: Richard W.M. Jones <address@hidden>
Cc: Matthew Booth <address@hidden>
Cc: Pablo Iranzo Gómez <address@hidden>
Cc: Tomas Von Veschler <address@hidden>
---
 qemu-img-cmds.hx |    6 ++
 qemu-img.c       |  162 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 qemu-img.texi    |   22 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 190 insertions(+)

diff --git a/qemu-img-cmds.hx b/qemu-img-cmds.hx
index 49dce7c..00eef96 100644
--- a/qemu-img-cmds.hx
+++ b/qemu-img-cmds.hx
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ STEXI
 @item convert [-c] [-p] [-f @var{fmt}] [-t @var{cache}] [-O @var{output_fmt}] 
[-o @var{options}] [-s @var{snapshot_name}] [-S @var{sparse_size}] 
@var{filename} address@hidden [...]] @var{output_filename}
 ETEXI
 
+DEF("diff", img_diff,
+    "diff [-F backing_fmt] -b backing_file [-f fmt] [-O output_fmt] [-o 
options] filename output_filename")
+STEXI
address@hidden diff [-F @var{backing_fmt}] -b @var{backing_file} [-f @var{fmt}] 
[-O @var{output_fmt}] [-o @var{options}] @var{filename} @var{output_filename}
+ETEXI
+
 DEF("info", img_info,
     "info [-f fmt] filename")
 STEXI
diff --git a/qemu-img.c b/qemu-img.c
index c8a70ff..ccf7541 100644
--- a/qemu-img.c
+++ b/qemu-img.c
@@ -1533,6 +1533,168 @@ out:
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int img_diff(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    /* qemu-img diff -b base modified out */
+    BlockDriverState *bs_base, *bs_modified, *bs_out;
+    const char *fmt_base, *base,
+        *fmt_modified, *modified,
+        *fmt_out, *out;
+    char *options;
+    int c, ret = 0;
+    uint64_t num_sectors, modified_num_sectors;
+    uint64_t sector;
+    int n;
+    uint8_t *buf_base;
+    uint8_t *buf_modified;
+
+    /* Parse commandline parameters */
+    fmt_base = NULL;
+    fmt_modified = NULL;
+    fmt_out = NULL;
+    base = NULL;
+    options = NULL;
+    for(;;) {
+        c = getopt(argc, argv, "b:hf:F:O:o:");
+        if (c == -1) {
+            break;
+        }
+        switch(c) {
+        case '?':
+        case 'h':
+            help();
+            return 0;
+        case 'f':
+            fmt_modified = optarg;
+            break;
+        case 'F':
+            fmt_base = optarg;
+            break;
+        case 'b':
+            base = optarg;
+            break;
+        case 'O':
+            fmt_out = optarg;
+            break;
+        case 'o':
+            options = optarg;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (base == NULL) {
+        error_report("The -b (backing filename) option must be supplied");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (argc - optind != 2) {
+        error_report("The input and output filenames must be supplied");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    modified = argv[optind++];
+    out = argv[optind++];
+
+    if (fmt_out == NULL || fmt_out[0] == '\0') {
+        fmt_out = "qcow2";
+    }
+
+    if (options && !strcmp(options, "?")) {
+        ret = print_block_option_help(out, fmt_out);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Open the input images. */
+    bs_base = bdrv_new_open(base, fmt_base, BDRV_O_FLAGS);
+    if (!bs_base) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    bs_modified = bdrv_new_open(modified, fmt_modified, BDRV_O_FLAGS);
+    if (!bs_modified) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    bdrv_get_geometry(bs_base, &num_sectors);
+    bdrv_get_geometry(bs_modified, &modified_num_sectors);
+    if (num_sectors != modified_num_sectors) {
+        error_report("Number of sectors in backing and source must be the 
same");
+        goto out2;
+    }
+
+    /* Output image. */
+    ret = bdrv_img_create(out, fmt_out,
+                          /* base file becomes the new backing file */
+                          base, fmt_base,
+                          options,
+                          num_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, BDRV_O_FLAGS);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        goto out2;
+    }
+    bs_out = bdrv_new_open(out, fmt_out, BDRV_O_RDWR);
+
+    buf_base = qemu_blockalign(bs_base, IO_BUF_SIZE);
+    buf_modified = qemu_blockalign(bs_modified, IO_BUF_SIZE);
+
+    for (sector = 0; sector < num_sectors; sector += n) {
+        /* How many sectors can we handle with the next read? */
+        if (sector + (IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE) <= num_sectors) {
+            n = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+        } else {
+            n = num_sectors - sector;
+        }
+
+        /* Read input files and compare. */
+        ret = bdrv_read(bs_base, sector, buf_base, n);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("error while reading from backing file");
+            goto out;
+        }
+
+        ret = bdrv_read(bs_modified, sector, buf_modified, n);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("error while reading from input file");
+            goto out;
+        }
+
+        /* If they differ, we need to write to the differences file. */
+        uint64_t written = 0;
+
+        while (written < n) {
+            int pnum;
+
+            if (compare_sectors(buf_base + written * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                                buf_modified + written * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                                n - written, &pnum)) {
+                ret = bdrv_write(bs_out, sector + written,
+                                 buf_modified + written * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                                 pnum);
+                if (ret < 0) {
+                    error_report("Error while writing to output file: %s",
+                                 strerror(-ret));
+                    goto out;
+                }
+            }
+
+            written += pnum;
+        }
+    }
+
+    qemu_vfree(buf_base);
+    qemu_vfree(buf_modified);
+
+ out:
+    /* Cleanup */
+    bdrv_delete(bs_out);
+ out2:
+    bdrv_delete(bs_base);
+    bdrv_delete(bs_modified);
+
+    if (ret) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     int c, ret, relative;
diff --git a/qemu-img.texi b/qemu-img.texi
index b2ca3a5..718d302 100644
--- a/qemu-img.texi
+++ b/qemu-img.texi
@@ -114,6 +114,28 @@ created as a copy on write image of the specified base 
image; the
 @var{backing_file} should have the same content as the input's base image,
 however the path, image format, etc may differ.
 
address@hidden diff [-F @var{backing_fmt}] -b @var{backing_file} [-f @var{fmt}] 
[-O @var{output_fmt}] [-o @var{options}] @var{filename} @var{output_filename}
+
+Create a new disk image (@var{output_filename}) which contains
+the differences between @var{backing_file} and @var{filename}.
+This is useful if you have cloned a disk image by copying it,
+and you want to get back to a thin image on top of a common base.
+
+Typical usage is:
+
address@hidden diff -b base.img modified.img diff.qcow2}
+
+The @var{backing_file} and @var{filename} must have the same
+virtual disk size, but may be in different formats.
+
+The format of @var{output_file} must be one that supports backing
+files (@code{qcow2} or @code{qed}).  If not specified,
address@hidden defaults to @code{qcow2}.
address@hidden can be used to specify options for the output file.
+
address@hidden will have @var{backing_file} set as its backing
+file.
+
 @item info [-f @var{fmt}] @var{filename}
 
 Give information about the disk image @var{filename}. Use it in
-- 
1.7.10