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02/02: website: Add draft post about Guix Home.


From: Ludovic Courtès
Subject: 02/02: website: Add draft post about Guix Home.
Date: Sun, 20 Mar 2022 11:23:22 -0400 (EDT)

civodul pushed a commit to branch master
in repository guix-artwork.

commit 7c82c1234e81fc8e934be559c0a10d0b11abe47c
Author: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
AuthorDate: Sun Mar 20 16:21:45 2022 +0100

    website: Add draft post about Guix Home.
    
    * website/drafts/home.md,
    website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.dot,
    website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.svg: New files.
---
 website/drafts/home.md                           | 318 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.dot |  43 +++
 website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.svg | 253 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 614 insertions(+)

diff --git a/website/drafts/home.md b/website/drafts/home.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb6f672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/drafts/home.md
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+title: Keeping one’s home tidy
+date: 2022-03-21 15:00:00
+author: Ludovic Courtès
+tags: Home, Scheme API, Programming interfaces
+---
+
+How much effort to recreate your work environment when you switch to a
+new machine?  What would it take to roll back to your previous
+environment once you’ve noticed a program no longer behaves as expected?
+What about sharing your environment with friends of yours?  These are
+some of the things that [Guix
+Home](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Home-Configuration.html),
+which landed in Guix as a “technology preview” in September 2021, aims
+to make effortless, reliable, and fun.
+
+In a nutshell, Guix Home brings the [fully declarative configuration of
+Guix
+System](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Using-the-Configuration-System.html)
+to home directories.  With Guix System, users and administrators provide
+a configuration file that defines the operating system configuration;
+with Guix Home, users provide a configuration file that defines the
+configuration of their work environment in their home directory.  That
+configuration is meant to *stand alone*, to describe all the relevant
+aspects of your work environment.  But what exactly goes in a _home
+environment_?
+
+# “Dot files” don’t live in a vacuum
+
+Among seasoned Unix-style users, we often equate “home environment” with
+“dot files”—configuration files in our home directory, from `~/.bashrc`
+and `~/.ssh/config` to `~/.emacs` and everything under `~/.config`.
+These files are precious and many store them under version control, to
+keep track of changes made to your configuration.  That’s a good idea,
+but is that all it takes to describe your home environment?  To roll
+back to a previous version?
+
+Of course not.  Dot files don’t exist in a vacuum; at the very least,
+your home environment is not just a set of dot files, but also a set of
+installed packages.  They work together: if you upgrade a package, the
+corresponding dot file might need to be adjusted; if a package is
+missing, its dot file is not of any use.  Sometimes a home environment
+contains additional things: daemons (program that run in the
+background), or periodically executed jobs.
+
+Guix Home thus goes beyond dot files: it lets you declare and
+instantiate all these aspects that make up your home environment.
+
+# Genesis
+
+Guix Home was initially developed by Andrew Tropin as part of the [rde
+project](https://git.sr.ht/~abcdw/rde); it was integrated in Guix proper
+six months ago.  I am writing this as an adopter and contributor, but
+there were a number of earlier adopters and earlier contributors.  In
+fact, despite being still very much under development, the tool has
+already attracted a number of excited users eager to find a way to keep
+their home tidy!
+
+The idea of writing down a declaration of your home environment that you
+can reproduce anytime is a natural followup to everything Guix does—you
+could already declare a package set in a
+[manifest](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Invoking-guix-package.html#index-profile-manifest)
+or even a [complete operating
+system](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Using-the-Configuration-System.html).
+It had been floating in the air, in Nix land with [Home
+Manager](https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager) and in Guix land
+with the now-defunct [Guix Home
+Manager](https://framagit.org/tyreunom/guix-home-manager/) by Julien
+Lepiller.  The latter was similar to today’s Guix Home, but went one
+step further by making your home directory read-only—yes, *read-only*!
+The main advantage is that it would ensure statelessness—you’d be sure
+that absolutely *all* your home configuration is under Guix Home
+Manager’s control; sub-directories containing mutable data would have to
+be explicitly declared.  The downside is that it raised the barrier to
+entry: you’d have to either switch entirely, or not use it at all.  Guix
+Home takes a more pragmatic approach and happily coexists with
+configuration managed “the old way”.
+
+# Getting started
+
+To get started, you need a Home configuration file.  There’s
+[documentation](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Declaring-the-Home-Environment.html),
+but as always, starting from a blank page is a bit intimidating.  So
+instead of starting from a blank page, you can let `guix home import`
+generate an initial config for you:
+
+```
+guix home import ~/src/guix-config
+```
+
+This will create the `~/src/config` directory and populate it with a
+bunch of files among which `home-configuration.scm` along these lines:
+
+```scheme
+(use-modules (gnu home)
+             (gnu packages)
+             (gnu services)
+             (guix gexp)
+             (gnu home services shells))
+
+(home-environment
+ (packages
+  (map (compose list specification->package+output)
+       (list "emacs-geiser-guile"
+             "emacs-geiser"
+             "pinentry-emacs"
+             "emacs-exwm"
+             "gnome-maps"
+             "pipe-viewer"
+             "emacs"
+             "pavucontrol"
+             "git"
+             "xterm"
+             "qemu"
+             "openssh")))
+ (services
+  (list (service home-bash-service-type
+                 (home-bash-configuration
+                  (aliases
+                   '(("grep" . "grep --color=auto")
+                     ("ll" . "ls -l")
+                     ("ls" . "ls -p --color=auto")
+                     ("qemu" . "qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 512")
+                     ("rm" . "rm --one-file-system")))
+                  (bashrc
+                   (list (local-file "/home/charlie/src/guix-config/.bashrc" 
+                                                    "bashrc")))
+                  (bash-profile
+                   (list (local-file
+                          "/home/charlie/src/guix-config/.bash_profile"
+                          "bash_profile"))))))))
+```
+
+`guix home import` automatically added the packages of `~/.guix-profile`
+to the `packages` field.  Because I’m using
+[Bash](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash), it also added an instance of
+[`home-bash-service-type`](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Shells-Home-Services.html)
+with aliases extracted from my `~/.bashrc`; it also made copies of
+`~/.bashrc` and `~/.bash_profile` and refers to them.
+
+Now that I have an initial configuration, I can first test it in an
+_isolated container_:
+
+```
+guix home container ~/src/guix-config/home-configuration.scm
+```
+
+This command gives an interactive shell in a container where my home
+environment, as declared in `home-configuration.scm`, is deployed.
+There I can see my home directory as it would look like if I deploy my
+home environment “for real”: I can see my `~/.bashrc` and co., I can
+check that all the packages declared are in `$PATH` and visible in
+`~/.guix-home`, and so on.  And all this is safe: my actual home
+directory has been left unchanged!
+
+Once satisfied with my configuration, I can instantiate it:
+
+```
+guix home reconfigure ~/src/guix-config/home-configuration.scm
+```
+
+At that point, my actual home directory corresponds to that
+configuration.  Some of my dot files are now provided by Guix Home, and
+thus they’re symbolic links (“symlinks”) to their read-only copy in
+`/gnu/store`:
+
+```
+$ ls -l ~/.bashrc ~/.bash_profile
+lrwxrwxrwx 1 charlie users 56 Mar  7 15:46 /home/charlie/.bash_profile -> 
/gnu/store/lpdydssyyxx9n0xvp2jmv7yqgyr2pcg3-bash_profile
+lrwxrwxrwx 1 charlie users 50 Mar  7 15:46 /home/charlie/.bashrc -> 
/gnu/store/kxc0j4i05sib04vf92nr8xxkb8isdfn7-bashrc
+```
+
+But don’t worry: before creating those symlinks, `guix home reconfigure`
+created backups of existing files under
+`~/TIMESTAMP-guix-home-legacy-configs-backup`, where `TIMESTAMP` is a
+Unix-style timestamp.
+
+And voilà, I have my first Guix Home generation!
+
+```
+$ guix home describe
+Generation 1    Mar 07 2022 15:46:20   (current)
+  file name: /var/guix/profiles/per-user/charlie/guix-home-1-link
+  canonical file name: /gnu/store/qr1c5jpfrj815ncv6yr2lfdgs8nq8kkn-home
+  channels:
+    guix:
+      repository URL: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git
+      branch: master
+      commit: 3ac1366648f933f7244c2d0b9926f7ba5d92a113
+  configuration file: 
/gnu/store/xfgasfms9rhhigyj7i8za77zpqx6zbhn-configuration.scm
+```
+
+`guix home describe` shows provenance tracking we know and love from
+Guix System: all the info we need to redeploy the same home environment
+elsewhere, or at a different point in time.
+
+# Going further
+
+Alright, at this point, you might be thinking that it’s a lot of fuss
+but the only benefit over dot files under version control is that `guix
+home` also takes care of installing packages.  Guix Home really shines
+once you use higher-level services, and when you start composing
+services together.
+
+To the example above, in the `services` field, we can add a service
+declaration that runs
+[Redshift](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Desktop-Home-Services.html#index-home_002dredshift_002dservice_002dtype),
+a program that adjusts the display color temperature according to the
+time of day:
+
+```scheme
+(service home-redshift-service-type
+                (home-redshift-configuration
+                 (location-provider 'manual)
+                 (latitude 35.81)    ;northern hemisphere
+                 (longitude -0.80))) ;west of Greenwich
+```
+
+The effect is that, as soon as we log in, under Xorg, Redshift will be
+started in the background as a [Shepherd
+service](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Shepherd-Home-Service.html).
+The Home-generated `~/.profile` takes care of spawning `shepherd`, which
+in turn spawns the `redshift` service:
+
+```
+$ herd status
+Started:
+ + root
+ + redshift
+```
+
+We gained another thing here: a consistent, unified configuration
+language.  Instead of learning Redshift’s configuration file format, we
+define a `home-redshift-configuration` record, right in Scheme.  Under
+the hood, that configuration is converted into Redshift’s file format;
+any error is caught at configuration time, when running `guix home
+reconfigure`, and we can be sure that Redshift is passed a valid
+configuration file.
+
+We can similarly define a [periodic mcron
+job](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Mcron-Home-Service.html#index-home_002dmcron_002dservice_002dtype),
+for example one that updates a
+[GNU Idutils](https://www.gnu.org/software/idutils) search database
+(that’s a pretty convenient and speedy way to look for code or
+documents!):
+
+```scheme
+(simple-service 'idutils home-mcron-service-type
+                ;; Every day at 12:15 and 19:15.
+                               (list #~(job '(next-minute-from (next-hour '(12 
19)) '(15))
+                                                        (string-append 
#$idutils "/bin/mkid \
+-o $HOME/.idutils/src.db $HOME/src"))))
+```
+
+Again, `guix home` creates a Shepherd service that start mcron with a
+configuration file containing definitions for periodic jobs, which we
+can inspect *via* `herd`:
+
+```
+$ herd schedule mcron | head -5
+Sun Mar 20 19:15:00 2022 +0000
+/gnu/store/2d026nan309qkci968k8gpa8fcv9q4mv-idutils-4.6/bin/mkid -m 
$HOME/.id-lang.map -o $HOME/.idutils/doc $HOME/doc/ $HOME/.erc
+
+Mon Mar 21 12:15:00 2022 +0000
+/gnu/store/2d026nan309qkci968k8gpa8fcv9q4mv-idutils-4.6/bin/mkid -m 
$HOME/.id-lang.map -o $HOME/.idutils/doc $HOME/doc/ $HOME/.erc
+```
+
+# Services, composed
+
+If you already use Guix System, all the above certainly looks familiar:
+Guix Home builds upon the [service
+framework](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Defining-Services.html)
+that powers Guix System.  That framework lets us define relations among
+“services”, in a broad sense, and how services _extend_ each other—in
+the example above, `redshift` and `mcron` both extend `shepherd` by
+giving it a daemon to take care of.  We can see those relations at play
+by running:
+
+```
+guix home extension-graph home-configuration.scm
+```
+
+… which, for the configuration described above, gives a graph that looks
+like this:
+
+![Extension graph for home 
services.](/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.svg)
+
+We see `redshift`, `mcron`, and `shepherd`, but we also see lower-level
+services that `guix home` instantiates for us, such as the `profile`
+service which takes care of deploying packages listed in the `packages`
+field under `~/.guix-home/profile`.  Each arrow denotes a _service
+extension_.  You can [read
+more](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Service-Composition.html)
+(and [view
+more!](https://archive.fosdem.org/2017/schedule/event/composingsystemservicesinguixsd/))
+about service composition.  To satisfy our math and
+functional-programming geek audience, we should mention that service
+types and their extension operation form a
+[monoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoid).
+
+# What’s next?
+
+Let’s be clear: Guix Home is pretty new and chances are that `guix home
+search` won’t give you the service you’re looking for.  There’s also a
+bunch of open questions left, such as how to reuse services initially
+defined for Guix System in cases where they could be equally useful in
+Guix
+Home—[Syncthing](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Networking-Services.html#index-syncthing_002dservice_002dtype),
+for example.
+
+But while it’s still a “technology preview”, it’s already a tool that
+tinkerers can play with and benefit from.  Patches adding new services
+have already been proposed; maybe you favorite service is next?
+Consider
+[contributing](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/en/html_node/Contributing.html).
+
+With a new release coming up and its ten-year birthday, we’re happy to
+celebrate with a new tool extending the reach of declarative and
+reproducible deployment!
diff --git a/website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.dot 
b/website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4254ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
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sans];
+
+}
diff --git a/website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.svg 
b/website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2366ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/website/static/blog/img/home-extension-graph.svg
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