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05/08: nls: Add 'fr' cookbook translation.
From: |
guix-commits |
Subject: |
05/08: nls: Add 'fr' cookbook translation. |
Date: |
Sun, 18 Apr 2021 15:42:09 -0400 (EDT) |
apteryx pushed a commit to branch version-1.3.0
in repository guix.
commit 8d2a33777d81239b5ea7edf3441ef9cf47226779
Author: Maxim Cournoyer <maxim.cournoyer@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Sun Apr 18 15:02:55 2021 -0400
nls: Add 'fr' cookbook translation.
* po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po: New file.
---
po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po | 5258 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 5258 insertions(+)
diff --git a/po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po b/po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07e7539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,5258 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR the authors of Guix (msgids)
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the guix manual package.
+# Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>, 2021.
+# Francois Polito <francois@polito.se>, 2021.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: guix manual checkout\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-guix@gnu.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-25 00:00+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-04-18 19:01+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>\n"
+"Language-Team: French
<https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook/fr/>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 4.5.3\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7
+msgid "@documentencoding UTF-8"
+msgstr ""
+"@documentencoding UTF-8\n"
+"@documentlanguage fr\n"
+"@frenchspacing on"
+
+#. type: top
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:35
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:49
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GNU Guix Cookbook"
+msgstr "Livre de recettes de GNU Guix"
+
+#. type: copying
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:20
+msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{}
2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright
@copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@*
Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice
Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{}
2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"
+
+#. type: copying
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:27
+msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,
no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is
included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''."
+msgstr "Vous avez la permission de copier, distribuer ou modifier ce document
sous les termes de la Licence GNU Free Documentation, version 1.3 ou toute
version ultérieure publiée par la Free Software Foundation ; sans section
invariante, texte de couverture et sans texte de quatrième de couverture. Une
copie de la licence est incluse dans la section intitulée « GNU Free
Documentation License »."
+
+#. type: dircategory
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:29
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "System administration"
+msgstr "Administration système"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
+msgid "Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook)"
+msgstr "Livre de recettes de Guix: (guix-cookbook.fr)"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
+msgid "Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix."
+msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples pour GNU Guix."
+
+#. type: subtitle
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:36
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package
Manager"
+msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples d'utilisation du gestionnaire de paquets GNU
Guix"
+
+#. type: author
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:37
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The GNU Guix Developers"
+msgstr "Les développeurs de GNU Guix"
+
+#. type: node
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:48
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Top"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:55
+msgid "This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for
GNU@tie{}Guix, a functional package management tool written for the GNU system.
Please @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the
system, its API, and related concepts."
+msgstr "Ce document propose des didacticiels et des exemples détaillés pour
GNU@tie{}Guix, un outil de gestion des paquets fonctionnel écrit pour le
système GNU. @pxref{Top,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix} pour plus
de détails sur le système, son API et les concepts associés."
+
+#. You can replace the following paragraph with information on
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:63
+msgid "If you would like to translate this document in your native language,
consider joining
@uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook,
Weblate}."
+msgstr "Si vous désirez traduire ce document dans votre langue maternelle,
rejoignez
@uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook,
Weblate}."
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:79
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:95 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:96
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Scheme tutorials"
+msgstr "Didacticiels pour Scheme"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Meet your new favorite language!"
+msgstr "Découvrez votre nouveau langage préféré !"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:83
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:302 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:303
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Packaging"
+msgstr "Empaquetage"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Packaging tutorials"
+msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:87
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1345 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1346
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "System Configuration"
+msgstr "Configuration du système"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Customizing the GNU System"
+msgstr "Personnalisation du système GNU"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2394
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2395
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Advanced package management"
+msgstr "Gestion avancée des paquets"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Power to the users!"
+msgstr "Le pouvoir aux utilisateurs !"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2792
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2793
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Environment management"
+msgstr "Gestion de l'environnement"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Control environment"
+msgstr "Environnement de contrôle"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2916
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2917
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Acknowledgments"
+msgstr "Remerciements"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
+msgid "Thanks!"
+msgstr "Merci !"
+
+#. type: appendix
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2941
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2942
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
+msgstr "La licence GNU Free Documentation"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
+msgid "The license of this document."
+msgstr "La licence de ce document."
+
+#. type: unnumbered
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2947
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2948
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Concept Index"
+msgstr "Index des concepts"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
+msgid "Concepts."
+msgstr "Les concepts."
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77
+msgid "--- The Detailed Node Listing ---"
+msgstr "--- Liste détaillée des nœuds ---"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:109
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "A Scheme Crash Course"
+msgstr "Cours accéléré du language Scheme"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81
+msgid "Learn the basics of Scheme"
+msgstr "Apprenez les bases du langage Scheme"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:316 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Packaging Tutorial"
+msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85
+msgid "Let's add a package to Guix!"
+msgstr "Ajoutons un paquet à Guix !"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1366 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1367
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Customizing the Kernel"
+msgstr "Personnalisation du noyau"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89
+msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel"
+msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:102
+msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language
Scheme, and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated
programmatically. You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to
modify them, to build them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc."
+msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix est écrit dans le langage de programmation Scheme.
Nombre de ses fonctionnalités peuvent être consultées et manipulées par
programmation. Vous pouvez utiliser Scheme entre autres pour générer des
définitions de paquets, pour les modifier, pour les compiler ou pour déployer
des systèmes d'exploitation entiers."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:106
+msgid "Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the
advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an
experienced programmer to use them!"
+msgstr "Connaître les bases de la programmation en Scheme vous permettra
d'utiliser de nombreuses fonctionnalités avancées de Guix --- et vous n'avez
pas besoin d'être un·e programmeur·euse chevronné·e !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:108
+msgid "Let's get started!"
+msgstr "C'est parti !"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:112
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Scheme, crash course"
+msgstr "Scheme, cours accéléré"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:118
+msgid "Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme. To start playing with
the language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a
@dfn{REPL}---short for
@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop,
@dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line."
+msgstr "Guix utilise l'implémentation Guile du langage Scheme. Pour commencer
à jouer avec le langage, installez-le avec @code{guix install guile} et
démarrer une @dfn{REPL}, une
@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop,
@dfn{boucle de lecture, évaluation, affichage}}, en lançant @code{guile} sur la
ligne de commande."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:121
+msgid "Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile --
guile} if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez également lancer la commande @code{guix environment
--ad-hoc guile -- guile} si vous préférez ne pas installer Guile dans votre
profil utilisateur."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:127
+msgid "In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL;
lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines starting
with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed. @xref{Using Guile
Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the
REPL."
+msgstr "Dans les exemples suivants, les lignes montrent ce que vous devez
taper sur la REPL ; les lignes commençant par « @result{} » montrent le
résultat de l'évaluation, tandis que les lignes commençant par « @print{} »
montrent ce qui est affiché. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU
Guile Reference Manual}, pour plus d'information sur la REPL."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:135
+msgid "Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or
@emph{s-expression} in Lisp lingo). An expression can be a literal such as
numbers and strings, or a compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds
and literals. @code{#true} and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and
@code{#f}) stand for the Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively."
+msgstr "La syntaxe de Scheme se résume à un arbre d'expressions (ou une
@emph{s-expression} dans le jargon Lisp). Une expression peut être un litéral
comme un nombre ou une chaîne de caractères, ou composée d'une liste d'autres
éléments composés et litéraux, entourée de parenthèses. @code{#true} et
@code{#false} (abrégés @code{#t} et @code{#f}) correspondent aux booléens «
vrai » et « faux »."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:137
+msgid "Examples of valid expressions:"
+msgstr "Voici des exemples d'expressions valides :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:141
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"\"Hello World!\"\n"
+"@result{} \"Hello World!\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
+"@result{} \"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:144
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"17\n"
+"@result{} 17\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"17\n"
+"@result{} 17\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:148
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@print{} Hello Guix!\n"
+"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@print{} Bonjour Guix\n"
+"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:155
+msgid "This last example is a function call nested in another function call.
When a parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function
and the rest are the arguments passed to the function. Every function returns
the last evaluated expression as its return value."
+msgstr "Ce dernier exemple est un appel de fonction imbriqué dans un autre
appel de fonction. Lorsqu'une expression parenthésée est évaluée, le premier
élément est la fonction et le reste sont les arguments passés à la fonction.
Chaque fonction renvoie la dernière expression évaluée."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:158
+msgid "Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:"
+msgstr "On peut déclarer des fonctions anonymes avec le terme @code{lambda} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:162
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
+"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
+"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:167
+msgid "The above procedure returns the square of its argument. Since
everything is an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous
procedure, which can in turn be applied to an argument:"
+msgstr "La procédure ci-dessus renvoie le carré de son argument. Comme tout
est une expression, l'expression @code{lambda} renvoie une procédure anonyme,
qui peut ensuite être appliquée à un argument :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:171
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+msgstr ""
+"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:175
+msgid "Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:"
+msgstr "On peut assigner un nom global à tout ce qu'on veut avec @code{define}
:"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:181
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define a 3)\n"
+"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
+"(square a)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define a 3)\n"
+"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
+"(square a)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:185
+msgid "Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:"
+msgstr "On peut définir des procédure de manière plus concise avec la syntaxe
suivante :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:188
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
+msgstr "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:192
+msgid "A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:"
+msgstr "On peut créer une structure de liste avec la procédure @code{list} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:196
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:203
+msgid "The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the
first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax,
quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Thus it effectively returns a
list of terms."
+msgstr "La @dfn{quote} (l'apostrophe) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression
parenthésée : le premier élément n'est pas appelé avec les autres éléments en
argument (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference
Manual}). Donc, il renvoie une liste de termes."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:207
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"'(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@result{} (display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"'(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@result{} (display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:210
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:216
+msgid "The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression
until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it. Thus it provides us with
fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not."
+msgstr "La @dfn{quasiquote} (l'apostrophe à l'envers) désactive l'évaluation
d'une expression parenthésée jusqu'à ce qu'un @dfn{unquote} (une virgule) la
réactive. De cette manière, on garde un contrôle fin sur ce qui est évalué et
sur ce qui ne l'est pas."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:220
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:224
+msgid "Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers,
symbols (here @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself."
+msgstr "Remarquez que le résultat ci-dessus est une liste d'éléments mixtes :
des nombres, des symboles (ici @code{a}) et le dernier élément est aussi une
liste."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:228
+msgid "Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local
Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}):"
+msgstr "On peut nommer localement plusieurs variables avec @code{let}
(@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:235
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define x 10)\n"
+"(let ((x 2)\n"
+" (y 3))\n"
+" (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 3)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define x 10)\n"
+"(let ((x 2)\n"
+" (y 3))\n"
+" (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 3)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:238
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"x\n"
+"@result{} 10\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"x\n"
+"@result{} 10\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:241
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"y\n"
+"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
+msgstr ""
+"y\n"
+"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:245
+msgid "Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to
earlier definitions."
+msgstr "On peut utiliser @code{let*} pour permettre au déclarations de
variables ultérieures d'utiliser les définitions précédentes."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:251
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(let* ((x 2)\n"
+" (y (* x 3)))\n"
+" (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 6)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(let* ((x 2)\n"
+" (y (* x 3)))\n"
+" (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 6)\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:258
+msgid "@dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a
procedure. They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by
alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU
Guile Reference Manual}."
+msgstr "On utilise typiquement des @dfn{mot-clés} pour identifier les
paramètres nommés d'une procédure. Ils sont précédés de @code{#:} (dièse,
deux-points) suivi par des caractères alphanumériques : @code{#:comme-ça}.
@xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:263
+msgid "The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global
variables in the build stage. Note that it is merely a convention, like
@code{_} in C. Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter."
+msgstr "On utilise souvent le signe pourcent @code{%} pour les variables
globales non modifiables à l'étape de construction. Remarquez que ce n'est
qu'une convention, comme @code{_} en C. Scheme traite @code{%} de la même
manière que les autres lettres."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:267
+msgid "Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile
Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). For instance"
+msgstr "On peut créer des modules avec @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating
Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Par exemple :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:273
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix store)\n"
+" #:export (ruby-build\n"
+" ruby-build-system))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix store)\n"
+" #:export (ruby-build\n"
+" ruby-build-system))\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:279
+msgid "defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located
in @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path. It
depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables,
@code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}."
+msgstr "défini le module @code{guix build-system ruby} qui doit se situer dans
@file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} quelque part dans le chemin de recherche de
Guile. Il dépend du module @code{(guix store)} et exporte deux variables,
@code{ruby-build} et @code{ruby-build-system}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:284
+msgid "For a more detailed introduction, check out
@uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at
a Glance}, by Steve Litt."
+msgstr "Pour une introduction plus détaillée, consultez
@uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at
a Glance}, par Steve Litt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:296
+msgid "One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and
Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay
Sussman, with Julie Sussman. You'll find a
@uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy
online}, together with
@uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/,
videos of the lectures by the authors}. [...]
+msgstr "L'un des livres de référence majeurs pour Scheme est « Structure and
Interpretation of Computer Programs » de Harold Abelson et Gerald Jay Sussman,
avec Julie Sussman. Vous trouverez une
@uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html,copie
gratuite en ligne}, avec
@uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/,
les vidéos des cours donnés par les [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:299
+msgid "You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at
@url{https://schemers.org/}."
+msgstr "Vous trouverez plus de livres, de didacticiels et d'autres ressources
sur @url{https://schemers.org/}."
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:305
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "packaging"
+msgstr "empaquetage"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:311
+msgid "This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the
collection of packages that come with GNU Guix. This involves writing package
definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building
them."
+msgstr "Ce chapitre est conçu pour vous enseigner comment ajouter des paquets
à la collection de paquets de GNU Guix. Pour cela, vous devrez écrire des
définitions de paquets en Guile Scheme, les organiser en modules et les
construire."
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
+msgid "A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix."
+msgstr "Un didacticiel sur la manière d'ajouter des paquets à Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:325
+msgid "GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly
because it uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a
powerful high-level programming language, one of the
@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme}
dialects from the
@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp
family}."
+msgstr "GNU Guix se démarque des autres gestionnaire de paquets en étant
@emph{bidouillable}, surtout parce qu'il utilise
@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/,GNU Guile}, un langage de
programmation de haut-niveau puissant, l'un des dialectes
@uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme, Scheme} de
@uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp, la famille Lisp}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:329
+msgid "Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in
some very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell
scripts or simple languages."
+msgstr "Les définitions de paquets sont aussi écrites en Scheme, ce qui le
rend plus puissant de manière assez unique par rapport aux autres gestionnaires
de paquets qui utilisent des scripts shell ou des langages simples."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:334
+msgid "Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for
your package definitions."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser des fonctions, des structures, des macros et
toute l'expressivité de Scheme dans vos définitions de paquets."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:338
+msgid "Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it
and modifying only what is needed."
+msgstr "L'héritage facilite la personnalisation d'un paquet en héritant d'un
autre et en modifiant uniquement les points nécessaires."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:348
+msgid "Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered
and processed. Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces
stripped out? It's possible. Want to rebuild everything from source using
specific compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags \"...\"}
argument to the list of packages. It wouldn't be a stretch to think
@uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this
goes even further: the changes don't have to [...]
+msgstr "Traitement par lot : la collection des paquets entière peut être
analysée, filtrée et traitée. Vous voulez construire un serveur sans interface
graphique ? C'est possible. Vous voulez tout reconstruire à partir des sources
avec des drapeaux d'optimisation spécifiques ? Passez l'argument
@code{#:make-flags \"…\"} à la liste des paquets. Ce ne serait pas aberrant de
penser @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, au drapeau USE de Gentoo},
mais cela va plus loin : la personne q [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:354
+msgid "The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation
with Guix. It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the
Lisp language. The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command
line and to have some basic programming knowledge."
+msgstr "Le didacticiel suivant traite des bases de la création de paquets avec
Guix. Il ne présuppose aucune connaissance du système Guix ni du langage Lisp.
On ne s'attend qu'à ce que vous aillez une certaine familiarité avec la ligne
de commande et des connaissances de base en programmation."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:355 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:356
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "A ``Hello World'' package"
+msgstr "Un paquet « hello world »"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:361
+msgid "The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics
of Guix packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference
Manual}). In the following section, we will partly go over those basics again."
+msgstr "La section « Définir des paquets » du manuel explique les bases de
l'empaquetage avec Guix (@pxref{Définir des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de
référence de GNU Guix}). Dans la section suivante, nous reparlerons en partie
de ces bases."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:367
+msgid "GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example
for packaging. It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make
install}). Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect
example to start with. You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit
hello} from the command line. Let's see how it looks:"
+msgstr "GNU@tie{}Hello est un exemple de projet qui sert d'exemple idiomatique
pour l'empaquetage. Il utilise le système de construction de GNU
(@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix fournit déjà une définition
de paquet qui est un parfait exemple pour commencer. Vous pouvez voir sa
déclaration avec @code{guix edit hello} depuis la ligne de commande. Voyons à
quoi elle ressemble :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:388
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public hello\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"hello\")\n"
+" (version \"2.10\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+" \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+" (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+" (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.
It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it
supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+" (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+" (license gpl3+)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public hello\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"hello\")\n"
+" (version \"2.10\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+" \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+" (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+" (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.
It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it
supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+" (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+" (license gpl3+)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:392
+msgid "As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward. But let's review
the fields together:"
+msgstr "Comme vous pouvez le voir, la plus grosse partie est assez simple.
Mais examinons les champs ensemble :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:394
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "name"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:397
+msgid "The project name. Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it lower
case, without underscore and using dash-separated words."
+msgstr "Le nom du projet. Avec les conventions de Scheme, on préfère le
laisser en minuscule, sans tiret du bas, en séparant les mots par des tirets."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:398
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "source"
+msgstr "source"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:401
+msgid "This field contains a description of the source code origin. The
@code{origin} record contains these fields:"
+msgstr "Ce champ contient une description de l'origine du code source.
L'enregistrement @code{origin} contient ces champs :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:403
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other
methods"
+msgstr "La méthode, ici @code{url-fetch} pour télécharger via HTTP/FTP, mais
d'autres méthodes"
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
+msgid "exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories."
+msgstr "existent, comme @code{git-fetch} pour les dépôts Git."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for
@code{url-fetch}. Here"
+msgstr "L'URI, qui est typiquement un emplacement @code{https://} pour
@code{url-fetch}. Ici"
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
+msgid "the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all
of which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail."
+msgstr "le code spécial « mirror://gnu » fait référence à une ensemble
d'emplacements bien connus, qui peuvent tous être utilisés par Guix pour
récupérer la source, si l'un d'entre eux échoue."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file. This is essential to
ensure"
+msgstr "La somme de contrôle @code{sha256} du fichier demandé. C'est essentiel
pour s'assurer"
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411
+msgid "the source is not corrupted. Note that Guix works with base32 strings,
hence the call to the @code{base32} function."
+msgstr "que la source n'est pas corrompue. Remarquez que Guix fonctionne avec
des chaînes en base32, d'où l'appel à la fonction @code{base32}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:413
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "build-system"
+msgstr "build-system"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:422
+msgid "This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language
really shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the
famous @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations. Other
build systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do
anything and requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the
@code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more
(@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix R [...]
+msgstr "C'est ici que la puissance d'abstraction du langage Scheme brille de
toute sa splendeur : dans ce cas, le @code{gnu-build-system} permet d'abstraire
les fameuses invocations shell @code{./configure && make && make install}.
Parmi les autres systèmes de construction on trouve le
@code{trivial-build-system} qui ne fait rien et demande de programmer toutes
les étapes de construction, le @code{python-build-system},
@code{emacs-build-system} et bien d'autres (@pxref{Systèmes de constr [...]
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:423
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "synopsis"
+msgstr "synopsis"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:426
+msgid "It should be a concise summary of what the package does. For many
packages a tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis."
+msgstr "Le synopsis devrait être un résumé court de ce que fait le paquet.
Pour beaucoup de paquets, le slogan de la page d'accueil du projet est
approprié pour le synopsis."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:427
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "description"
+msgstr "description"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:430
+msgid "Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description
from the homepage. Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax."
+msgstr "Comme le synopsis, vous pouvez réutiliser la description de la page
d'accueil du projet. Remarquez que Guix utilise la syntaxe Texinfo."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:431
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "home-page"
+msgstr "home-page"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:433
+msgid "Use HTTPS if available."
+msgstr "Utilisez l'adresse en HTTPS si elle est disponible."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:434
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "license"
+msgstr "license"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:437
+msgid "See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of
available licenses."
+msgstr "Voir @code{guix/licenses.scm} dans les sources du projet pour une
liste complète des licences disponibles."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:441
+msgid "Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will
stick to a dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration."
+msgstr "Il est temps de construire notre premier paquet ! Rien de bien
compliqué pour l'instant : nous allons garder notre exemple avec
@code{my-hello}, une copie de la déclaration montrée plus haut."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:445
+msgid "As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming
languages, this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach. We will work
out an ideal setup later; for now we will go the simplest route."
+msgstr "Comme avec le rituel « Hello World » enseigné avec la plupart des
langages de programmation, ce sera sans doute l'approche la plus « manuelle »
d'empaquetage que vous utiliserez. Nous vous montrerons une configuration
idéale plus tard, pour l'instant nous allons suivre la voie la plus simple."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:447
+msgid "Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}."
+msgstr "Enregistrez ce qui suit dans un fichier nommé @file{my-hello.scm}."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:453
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
+" (guix download)\n"
+" (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+" (guix licenses))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
+" (guix download)\n"
+" (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+" (guix licenses))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:472
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(package\n"
+" (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+" (version \"2.10\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+" \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+" \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+" (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+" (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it
supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+" (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+" (license gpl3+))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(package\n"
+" (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+" (version \"2.10\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+" \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+" \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+" (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+" (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits. It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it
supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+" (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+" (license gpl3+))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:475
+msgid "We will explain the extra code in a moment."
+msgstr "Nous allons expliquer le code supplémentaire dans un moment."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:482
+msgid "Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields. If
you change the source, you'll need to update the checksum. Indeed, Guix
refuses to build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed
checksum of the source code. To obtain the correct checksum of the package
declaration, we need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and
convert it to base32."
+msgstr "Essayez de jouer avec les différentes valeurs des différents champs.
Si vous changez la source, vous devrez mettre à jour la somme de contrôle. En
fait, Guix refusera de construire quoi que ce soit si la somme de contrôle
donnée ne correspond pas à la somme de contrôle calculée de la source
téléchargée. Pour obtenir la bonne somme de contrôle pour une déclaration de
paquet, vous devrez télécharger la source, calculer la somme de contrôle sha256
et la convertir en base32."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:485
+msgid "Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to
provide the URI:"
+msgstr "Heureusement, Guix peut automatiser cette tache pour nous ; tout ce
qu'on doit faire est de lui fournir l'URI :"
+
+#. This is example shell output.
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:489
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:496
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
+"following redirection to
`https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
+" …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00
[##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
+"following redirection to
`https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
+" …10.tar.gz 709KiB 2.5MiB/s 00:00
[##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:501
+msgid "In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen. If
the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, update
your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly."
+msgstr "Dans ce cas particulier, la sortie nous dit quel miroir a été choisi.
Si le résultat de la commande au-dessus n'est pas le même que ce qui est
montré, mettez à jour votre déclaration @code{my-hello} en fonction."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:505
+msgid "Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you
should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to
authenticate it before going further:"
+msgstr "Remarquez que les archives des paquets GNU sont accompagnées de leur
signature OpenPGP, donc vous devriez vérifier la signature de cette archive
avec « gpg » pour l'authentifier avant d'aller plus loin :"
+
+#. This is example shell output.
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:509
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:524
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
+"following redirection to
`https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
+" ….tar.gz.sig 819B
1.2MiB/s 00:00
[##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
+"$ gpg --verify
/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig
/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET\n"
+"gpg: using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739\n"
+"gpg: Good signature from \"Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
+"gpg: aka \"Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/)
<kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
+"gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!\n"
+"gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the
owner.\n"
+"Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
+"following redirection to
`https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
+" ….tar.gz.sig 819B
1.2MiB/s 00:00
[##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
+"$ gpg --verify
/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig
/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"gpg: Signature faite le dim. 16 nov. 2014 13:08:37 CET\n"
+"gpg: avec la clef RSA A9553245FDE9B739\n"
+"gpg: Bonne signature de « Sami Kerola (https://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/)
<kerolasa@@iki.fi> » [inconnu]\n"
+"gpg: Attention : cette clef n'est pas certifiée avec une signature de
confiance.\n"
+"gpg: Rien n'indique que la signature appartient à son
propriétaire.\n"
+"Empreinte de clef principale : 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005 30D3 A955 3245 FDE9
B739\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:527
+msgid "You can then happily run"
+msgstr "Vous pouvez ensuite lancer"
+
+#. Do not translate this command
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:531
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
+msgstr "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:534
+msgid "You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!"
+msgstr "Vous devriez maintenant avoir @code{my-hello} dans votre profil !"
+
+#. Do not translate this command
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:540
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
+"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
+"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
+"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
+"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:545
+msgid "We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme. Before
moving on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your
Scheme knowledge. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed."
+msgstr "Nous sommes allés aussi loin que possible sans aucune connaissance de
Scheme. Avant de continuer sur des paquets plus complexes, il est maintenant
temps de vous renforcer sur votre connaissance du langage Scheme. @pxref{A
Scheme Crash Course} pour démarrer."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:546 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:547
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Setup"
+msgstr "Configuration"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:552
+msgid "In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme
programming knowledge. Now let's detail the different possible setups for
working on Guix packages."
+msgstr "Dans le reste de ce chapitre, nous nous appuierons sur vos
connaissances de base du langage Scheme. Maintenant voyons les différentes
configurations possibles pour travailler sur des paquets Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:554
+msgid "There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment."
+msgstr "Il y a plusieurs moyens de mettre en place un environnement
d'empaquetage pour Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:557
+msgid "We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it
makes it easier for everyone to contribute to the project."
+msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement dans le dépôt des
sources de Guix car ça facilitera la contribution au projet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:559
+msgid "But first, let's look at other possibilities."
+msgstr "Mais d'bord, voyons les autres possibilités."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:560 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:561
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Local file"
+msgstr "Fichier local"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:566
+msgid "This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}. With the Scheme
basics we've covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks. As stated
in @code{guix package --help}:"
+msgstr "C'est ce que nous venons de faire avec @samp{my-hello}. Avec les bases
de Scheme que nous vous avons présentées, nous pouvons maintenant éclairer le
sens du début du fichier. Comme le dit @code{guix package --help} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:571
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" -f, --install-from-file=FILE\n"
+" install the package that the code within FILE\n"
+" evaluates to\n"
+msgstr ""
+" -f, --install-from-file=FICHIER\n"
+" installer le paquet évalué par le code dans\n"
+" FICHIER\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:575
+msgid "Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the
case in our earlier example."
+msgstr "Ainsi, la dernière expression @emph{doit} renvoyer un paquet, ce qui
est le cas dans notre exemple précédent."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:579
+msgid "The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in
the file. Modules are a collection of values and procedures. They are
commonly called ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages."
+msgstr "L'expression @code{use-modules} indique quels modules sont nécessaires
dans le fichier. Les modules sont des collections de valeurs et de procédures.
Ils sont souvent appelés « bibliothèques » ou « paquets » dans d'autres
langages de programmation."
+
+#. type: node
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:580
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
+msgstr "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
+
+#. type: samp{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:581
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
+msgstr "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
+
+#. type: emph{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:585
+msgid "Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels}
are the preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. See next
section."
+msgstr "Remarque : à partir de Guix 0.16, les @dfn{canaux} plus flexibles sont
préférables et remplacent @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. Voir la section suivante."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:589
+msgid "It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of
simply calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the
official packages."
+msgstr "Il peut être fastidieux de spécifier le fichier depuis la ligne de
commande par rapport à un appel à @code{guix package --install my-hello} comme
on le ferait pour les paquets officiels."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:592
+msgid "Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many
``package declaration directories'' as you want."
+msgstr "Guix permet d'uniformiser le processus en ajoutant autant de «
répertoires de déclaration de paquets » que vous le souhaitez."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:595
+msgid "Create a directory, say @file{~./guix-packages} and add it to the
@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} environment variable:"
+msgstr "Créez un répertoire, disons @file{~/guix-packages} et ajoutez-le à la
variable d'environnement @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:599
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
+"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
+"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:602
+msgid "To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:})."
+msgstr "Pour ajouter plusieurs répertoires, séparez-les avec un deux-points
(@code{:})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:604
+msgid "Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though:"
+msgstr "Notre @samp{my-hello} précédent doit être légèrement ajusté :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:611
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix download))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix download))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:631
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+" (version \"2.10\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+" \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+" (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+" (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.
It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it
supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+" (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+" (license gpl3+)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+" (version \"2.10\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+" \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+" (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+" (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.
It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices. As such, it
supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+" (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+" (license gpl3+)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:637
+msgid "Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable
name with @code{define-public}. This is effectively assigning the package to
the @code{my-hello} variable so that it can be referenced, among other as
dependency of other packages."
+msgstr "Remarquez que nous avons assigné la valeur du paquet à un nom de
variable exportée avec @code{define-public}. Cela assigne en fait le paquet à
la variable @code{my-hello} pour qu'elle puisse être utilisée, par exemple en
dépendance d'un autre paquet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:642
+msgid "If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the
above file, it will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public},
does not return a package. If you want to use @code{define-public} in this
use-case nonetheless, make sure the file ends with an evaluation of
@code{my-hello}:"
+msgstr "Si vous utilisez @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm}
avec le fichier précédent, la commande échouera car la dernière expression,
@code{define-public}, ne renvoie pas un paquet. Si vous voulez utiliser
@code{define-public} dans ce cas tout de même, assurez-vous que le fichier
termine par une évaluation de @code{my-hello} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:648
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"; ...\n"
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" )\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"; ...\n"
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" )\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:650
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "my-hello\n"
+msgstr "my-hello\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:653
+msgid "This last example is not very typical."
+msgstr "Ce dernier exemple n'est pas très typique."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:656
+msgid "Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all
other official packages. You can verify this with:"
+msgstr "Maintenant @samp{my-hello} devrait faire partie de la collection de
paquets comme tous les paquets officiels. Vous pouvez le vérifier avec :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:659
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
+msgstr "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:661 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:662
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix channels"
+msgstr "Canaux Guix"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:668
+msgid "Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to
@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but provides better integration and provenance
tracking. Channels are not necessarily local, they can be maintained as a
public Git repository for instance. Of course, several channels can be used at
the same time."
+msgstr "Guix 0.16 a introduit la notion de canaux, qui sont similaires à
@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} mais fournit une meilleure intégration et un meilleur
suivi de la provenance. Les canaux ne sont pas nécessairement locaux et ils
peuvent être maintenus dans un dépôt Git public par exemple. Bien sûr, vous
pouvez utiliser plusieurs canaux en même temps."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:670
+msgid "@xref{Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for setup details."
+msgstr "@xref{Canaux,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour des
détails sur la mise en place des canaux."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:671 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:672
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Direct checkout hacking"
+msgstr "Bidouillage direct dans le dépôt git"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:677
+msgid "Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the
friction when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the
community benefit from your hard work!"
+msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement sur le projet Guix :
cela réduit le travail nécessaire quand vous voudrez soumettre vos changements
en amont pour que la communauté puisse bénéficier de votre dur labeur !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:683
+msgid "Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one
place both the tooling (including the package manager) and the package
definitions. This choice was made so that it would give developers the
flexibility to modify the API without breakage by updating all packages at the
same time. This reduces development inertia."
+msgstr "Contrairement à la plupart des distributions logiciels, le dépôt Guix
contient à la fois les outils (dont le gestionnaire de paquets) et les
définitions des paquets. Nous avons fait ce choix pour permettre aux
développeurs et développeuses de profiter de plus de flexibilité pour changer
l'API sans rien casser, en mettant à jour tous les paquets en même temps. Cela
réduit l'inertie dans le développement."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:685
+msgid "Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository:"
+msgstr "Clonez le dépôt @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} officiel :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:688
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
+msgstr "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:692
+msgid "In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to
the location of the checkout."
+msgstr "Dans le reste de cet article, nous utiliserons @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT}
pour faire référence à l'emplacement de ce clone."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:696
+msgid "Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU
Guix Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment."
+msgstr "Suivez les instructions du manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le
manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) pour mettre en place l'environnement du
dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:699
+msgid "Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the
repository environment."
+msgstr "Une fois prêts, vous devriez pouvoir utiliser les définitions des
paquets de l'environnement du dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:701
+msgid "Feel free to edit package definitions found in
@samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
+msgstr "N'ayez pas peur de modifier les définitions des paquets que vous
trouverez dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:705
+msgid "The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix}
over the package collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is
Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "Le script @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} vous permet d'utiliser
@samp{guix} sur la collection de paquets du dépôt (@pxref{Lancer Guix avant
qu’il ne soit installé,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:709
+msgid "Search packages, such as Ruby:"
+msgstr "Recherchez des paquets, comme Ruby :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:716
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
+" $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
+" ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
+" ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
+" ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
+msgstr ""
+" $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
+" $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
+" ruby 1.8.7-p374 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
+" ruby 2.1.6 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
+" ruby 2.2.2 out gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:720
+msgid "Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1:"
+msgstr "Construisez un paquet, ici Ruby version 2.1 :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:724
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
+" /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
+msgstr ""
+" $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
+" /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:728
+msgid "Install it to your user profile:"
+msgstr "Installez-le dans votre profil utilisateur :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:731
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
+msgstr " $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:735
+msgid "Check for common mistakes:"
+msgstr "Vérifiez que vous n'avez pas fait l'une des erreurs courantes :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:738
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
+msgstr " $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:743
+msgid "Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when
contributing to the Guix project, remember to"
+msgstr "Guix essaye de maintenir un bon standard d'empaquetage ; quand vous
contribuez au projet Guix, rappelez-vous de"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:747
+msgid "follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix
Reference Manual}),"
+msgstr "suivre le style de code (@pxref{Style de code,,, guix.fr, le manuel de
référence de GNU Guix}),"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:749
+msgid "and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,,
guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "et de vérifier la check-list du manuel (@pxref{Envoyer des
correctifs,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:753
+msgid "Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your
contribution to make it part of Guix. This process is also detailed in the
manual. (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})"
+msgstr "Une fois que vous êtes satisfait du résultat, vous pouvez envoyer
votre contribution pour qu'elle rentre dans Guix. Ce processus est aussi
détaillé dans le manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence
de GNU Guix})"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:756
+msgid "It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes!"
+msgstr "Guix est un projet communautaire, donc plus on est de fous, plus on
rit !"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:757 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:758
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Extended example"
+msgstr "Exemple avancé"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:763
+msgid "The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes. Packages
can be more complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios.
Let's look at another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the
source):"
+msgstr "L'exemple « Hello World » précédent est le plus simple possible. Les
paquets peuvent devenir plus complexes que cela et Guix peut gérer des
scénarios plus avancés. Voyons un autre paquet plus sophistiqué (légèrement
modifié à partir des sources) :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:777
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
+" #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
+" #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
+" #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
+" #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:837
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
+" (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
+" (revision \"1\"))\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
+" (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method git-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (git-reference\n"
+" (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
+" (commit commit)))\n"
+" (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
+" (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
+" (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
+" (snippet '(begin\n"
+" ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
+" (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
+" #true))))\n"
+" (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
+" (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
+" (arguments\n"
+" `(#:tests? #true ; Run the test suite (this is
the default)\n"
+" #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision
detection\n"
+" #:phases\n"
+" (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
+" (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
+" (lambda _\n"
+" (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
+" ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
+" (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
+" ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
+" ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
+" #true))\n"
+" ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
+" (replace 'check\n"
+" (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
+" (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
+" (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\"
\".*\")))))))\n"
+" (inputs\n"
+" `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
+" (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
+" (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+" (propagated-inputs\n"
+" ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
+" `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
+" (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
+" (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
+" (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core
methods\n"
+"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
+"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with
bindings.\")\n"
+" ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
+" (license license:gpl2))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
+" (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
+" (revision \"1\"))\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
+" (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method git-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (git-reference\n"
+" (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
+" (commit commit)))\n"
+" (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
+" (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
+" (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
+" (snippet '(begin\n"
+" ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
+" (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
+" #true))))\n"
+" (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
+" (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
+" (arguments\n"
+" `(#:tests? #true ; Run the test suite (this is
the default)\n"
+" #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision
detection\n"
+" #:phases\n"
+" (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
+" (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
+" (lambda _\n"
+" (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
+" ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
+" (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
+" ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
+" ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
+" #true))\n"
+" ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
+" (replace 'check\n"
+" (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
+" (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
+" (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\"
\".*\")))))))\n"
+" (inputs\n"
+" `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
+" (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
+" (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+" (propagated-inputs\n"
+" ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
+" `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
+" (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
+" (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
+" (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core
methods\n"
+"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
+"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with
bindings.\")\n"
+" ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
+" (license license:gpl2))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:842
+msgid "(In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package
definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything.
See below.)"
+msgstr "(Dans les cas où vous voulez seulement changer quelques champs d'une
définition de paquets, vous devriez utiliser l'héritage au lieu de tout
copier-coller. Voir plus bas.)"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:844
+msgid "Let's discuss those fields in depth."
+msgstr "Parlons maintenant de ces champs en détail."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:845
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "@code{git-fetch} method"
+msgstr "La méthode @code{git-fetch}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:852
+msgid "Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a
@code{git-reference} which takes a Git repository and a commit. The commit can
be any Git reference such as tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it
can be used directly. Sometimes the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which
case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
+msgstr "Contrairement à la méthode @code{url-fetch}, @code{git-fetch} a besoin
d'un @code{git-reference} qui prend un dépôt Git et un commit. Le commit peut
être n'importe quelle référence Git comme des tags, donc si la @code{version} a
un tag associé, vous pouvez l'utiliser directement. Parfois le tag est précédé
de @code{v}, auquel cas vous pouvez utiliser @code{(commit (string-append \"v\"
version))}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:856
+msgid "To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a
directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name
version))}."
+msgstr "Pour vous assurer que le code source du dépôt Git est stocké dans un
répertoire avec un nom descriptif, utilisez @code{(file-name (git-file-name
name version))}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:861
+msgid "The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the version when
packaging programs for a specific commit, following the Guix contributor
guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser la procédure @code{git-version} pour calculer la
version quand vous empaquetez des programmes pour un commit spécifique, en
suivant le guide de contribution (@pxref{Numéros de version,,, guix.fr, le
manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:865
+msgid "How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By
invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along these
lines:"
+msgstr "Comment obtenir le hash @code{sha256}, vous demandez-vous ? En
invoquant @command{guix hash} sur un clone du commit voulu, de cette manière :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:871
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
+"cd libgit2\n"
+"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
+"guix hash -rx .\n"
+msgstr ""
+"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
+"cd libgit2\n"
+"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
+"guix hash -rx .\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:876
+msgid "@command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole
directory, excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix
hash,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "@command{guix hash -rx} calcul un SHA256 sur le répertoire entier, en
excluant le sous-répertoire @file{.git} (@pxref{Invoquer guix hash,,, guix.fr,
le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:879
+msgid "In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do
these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads."
+msgstr "Dans le futur, @command{guix download} sera sans doute capable de
faire cela pour vous, comme il le fait pour les téléchargements directs."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:880
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Snippets"
+msgstr "Les bouts de code"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:886
+msgid "Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means
of patching the source. They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional
@file{.patch} files. Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when
passed to the Guix daemon for building. There can be as many snippets as
needed."
+msgstr "Les bouts de code (snippet) sont des fragments quotés (c.-à-d. non
évalués) de code Scheme utilisés pour modifier les sources. C'est une
alternative aux fichiers @file{.patch} traditionnels, plus proche de l'esprit
de Guix. À cause de la quote, le code n'est évalué que lorsqu'il est passé au
démon Guix pour la construction. Il peut y avoir autant de bout de code que
nécessaire."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:889
+msgid "Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from
the @code{modules} field."
+msgstr "Les bouts de code on parfois besoin de modules Guile supplémentaires
qui peuvent être importés dans le champ @code{modules}."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:890
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Inputs"
+msgstr "Entrées"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:893
+msgid "First, a syntactic comment: See the quasi-quote / comma syntax?"
+msgstr "Tout d'abord, un commentaire sur la syntaxe : vous voyez la quasiquote
(la virgule) ?"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:897
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:900
+msgid "is equivalent to"
+msgstr "est équivalent à"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:904
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:907
+msgid "You'll mostly see the former because it's shorter."
+msgstr "Vous verrez surtout la première forme car elle est plus courte."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:909
+msgid "There are 3 different input types. In short:"
+msgstr "Il y a trois types d'entrées. En résumé :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:911
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "native-inputs"
+msgstr "native-inputs"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
+msgid "Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package through a
substitute won't install these inputs."
+msgstr "Requis pour construire mais pas à l'exécution -- installer un paquet
avec un substitut n'installera pas ces entrées."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "inputs"
+msgstr "inputs"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
+msgid "Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being present
at build time."
+msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt mais pas dans le profil, et présentes à la
construction."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "propagated-inputs"
+msgstr "propagated-inputs"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:920
+msgid "Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as being present at
build time."
+msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt et dans le profil, et présentes à la
construction."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:923
+msgid "@xref{Package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more
details."
+msgstr "@xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU
Guix} pour plus de détails."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:927
+msgid "The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a
dependency can be handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated
input}, it should be done so, or else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no
good reason."
+msgstr "La différence entre les différents types d'entrées est importante : si
une dépendance peut être utilisée comme @emph{entrée} plutôt que comme
@emph{entrée propagée}, il faut faire ça, sinon elle « polluera » le profil
utilisateur sans raison."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:934
+msgid "For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a
command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is
no need to force the command line tool into the user profile. The dependency
is a concern to the package, not to the user. @emph{Inputs} make it possible
to handle dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable
files (or libraries) to their profile."
+msgstr "Par exemple, si vous installez un programme graphique qui dépend d'un
outil en ligne de commande, vous êtes probablement intéressé uniquement par la
partie graphique, donc inutile de forcer l'outil en ligne de commande à être
présent dans le profil utilisateur. Les dépendances sont gérés par les paquets,
pas par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices. Les @emph{entrées} permettent de
gérer les dépendances sans ennuyer les utilisateurs et utilisatrices en
ajoutant des fichiers exécutab [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:940
+msgid "Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed,
build-time dependencies can be safely garbage-collected. It also matters when
a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} and
@emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not
required to install a package from a substitute."
+msgstr "Pareil pour @emph{native-inputs} : une fois le programme installé, les
dépendances à la construction peuvent être supprimées sans problème par le
ramasse-miettes. Lorsqu'un substitut est disponible, seuls les @emph{entrées}
et les @emph{entrées propagées} sont récupérées : les @emph{entrées natives} ne
sont pas requises pour installer un paquet à partir d'un substitut."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:941
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Outputs"
+msgstr "Sorties"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:945
+msgid "Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce
multiple outputs."
+msgstr "De la même manière qu'un paquet peut avoir plusieurs entrées, il peut
aussi avoir plusieurs sorties."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:947
+msgid "Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store."
+msgstr "Chaque sortie correspond à un répertoire différent dans le dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:950
+msgid "The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save
space or to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or
libraries."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez choisir quelle sortie installer ; c'est utile pour
préserver l'espace disque et éviter de polluer le profil utilisateur avec des
exécutables et des bibliothèques inutiles."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:953
+msgid "Output separation is optional. When the @code{outputs} field is left
out, the default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as
@code{\"out\"}."
+msgstr "La séparation des sorties est facultative. Lorsque le champ
@code{outputs} n'est pas spécifié, l'unique sortie par défaut (le paquet
complet donc) est @code{\"out\"}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:955
+msgid "Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}."
+msgstr "Les sorties séparées sont en général @code{debug} et @code{doc}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:959
+msgid "It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it:
if the output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case
the package is modular."
+msgstr "Vous devriez séparer les sorties seulement si vous pouvez montrer que
c'est utile : si la taille de la sortie est importante (vous pouvez comparer
avec @code{guix size}) ou si le paquet est modulaire."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:960
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Build system arguments"
+msgstr "Arguments du système de construction"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:963
+msgid "The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the
build process."
+msgstr "Le champ @code{arguments} est une liste de mot-clés et de valeurs
utilisés pour configurer le processus de construction."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:968
+msgid "The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test
suite when building the package. This is mostly useful when the package does
not feature any test suite. It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite
on if there is one."
+msgstr "L'argument le plus simple est @code{#:tests?} et on l'utilise pour
désactiver la suite de tests pendant la construction du paquet. C'est surtout
utile si le paquet n'a pas de suite de tests. Nous vous recommandons fortement
de laisser tourner la suite de tests s'il y en a une."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:972
+msgid "Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list
of flags to append when running make, as you would from the command line. For
instance, the following flags"
+msgstr "Un autre argument courant est @code{#:make-flags}, qui spécifie une
liste de drapeaux à ajouter en lançant make, comme ce que vous feriez sur la
ligne de commande. Par exemple, les drapeaux suivants"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:976
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
+" \"CC=gcc\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
+" \"CC=gcc\")\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:979
+msgid "translate into"
+msgstr "se traduisent en"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:982
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
+msgstr "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:988
+msgid "This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable
(the installation directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs
\"out\")}, which is a build-stage global variable pointing to the destination
directory in the store (something like
@file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408})."
+msgstr "Cela indique que le compilateur C sera @code{gcc} et la variable
@code{prefix} (le répertoire d'installation pour Make) sera @code{(assoc-ref
%outputs \"out\")}, qui est une variable globale côté construction qui pointe
vers le répertoire de destination dans le dépôt (quelque chose comme
@file{/gnu/store/…-my-libgit2-20180408})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:990
+msgid "Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags:"
+msgstr "De manière identique, vous pouvez indiquer les drapeaux de
configuration :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:993
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
+msgstr "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:997
+msgid "The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope. It's an
association table that maps the input names to their store directories."
+msgstr "La variable @code{%build-inputs} est aussi générée dans cette portée.
C'est une liste d'association qui fait correspondre les noms des entrées à leur
répertoire dans le dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1002
+msgid "The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build
system. Typically phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure},
@code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}. To know more about those
phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system definition in
@samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}:"
+msgstr "Le mot-clé @code{phases} liste la séquence d'étapes du système de
construction. Les phases usuelles sont @code{unpack}, @code{configure},
@code{build}, @code{install} et @code{check}. Pour en savoir plus, vous devez
trouver la bonne définition du système de construction dans
@samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1021
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define %standard-phases\n"
+" ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
+" (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
+" ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
+" (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
+" bootstrap\n"
+" patch-usr-bin-file\n"
+" patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
+" build check install\n"
+" patch-shebangs strip\n"
+" validate-runpath\n"
+" validate-documentation-location\n"
+" delete-info-dir-file\n"
+" patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
+" install-license-files\n"
+" reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
+" compress-documentation)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define %standard-phases\n"
+" ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
+" (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
+" ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
+" (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
+" bootstrap\n"
+" patch-usr-bin-file\n"
+" patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
+" build check install\n"
+" patch-shebangs strip\n"
+" validate-runpath\n"
+" validate-documentation-location\n"
+" delete-info-dir-file\n"
+" patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
+" install-license-files\n"
+" reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
+" compress-documentation)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1024
+msgid "Or from the REPL:"
+msgstr "Ou depuis la REPL :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1030
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
+",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
+"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
+"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap
patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure
patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip
validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file
patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps
compress-documentation)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
+",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
+"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
+"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap
patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure
patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip
validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file
patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps
compress-documentation)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1034
+msgid "If you want to know more about what happens during those phases,
consult the associated procedures."
+msgstr "Si vous voulez en apprendre plus sur ce qui arrive pendant ces phases,
consultez les procédures associées."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1037
+msgid "For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for
the GNU build system is:"
+msgstr "Par exemple, au moment d'écrire ces lignes, la définition de
@code{unpack} dans le système de construction de GNU est :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1047
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+" \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
+"source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the
current\n"
+"working directory.\"\n"
+" (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
+" (begin\n"
+" (mkdir \"source\")\n"
+" (chdir \"source\")\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+" \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
+"source. When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the
current\n"
+"working directory.\"\n"
+" (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
+" (begin\n"
+" (mkdir \"source\")\n"
+" (chdir \"source\")\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1058
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so
that\n"
+" ;; things work deterministically.\n"
+" (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
+" #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
+" (begin\n"
+" (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
+" (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
+" (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
+" (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
+" #true)\n"
+msgstr ""
+" ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so
that\n"
+" ;; things work deterministically.\n"
+" (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
+" #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
+" (begin\n"
+" (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
+" (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
+" (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
+" (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
+" #true)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1066
+msgid "Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where
the source was unpacked. Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use
the source as a working directory, which is why we can directly work on the
source files. That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working
directory to something else."
+msgstr "Remarquez l'appel à @code{chdir} : il change de répertoire courant
vers la source qui vient d'être décompressée. Ainsi toutes les phases suivantes
utiliseront le répertoire des sources comme répertoire de travail, ce qui
explique qu'on peut travailler directement sur les fichiers sources. Du moins,
tant qu'une phase suivante ne change pas le répertoire de travail."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1070
+msgid "We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with
the @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications,
which may have the following forms:"
+msgstr "Nous modifions la liste des @code{%standard-phases} du système de
construction avec la macro @code{modify-phases} qui indique la liste des
modifications, sous cette formes :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1074
+msgid "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run
@var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}."
+msgstr "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} :
Lance une @var{procédure} nommée @var{nouvelle-phase} avant @var{phase}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1076
+msgid "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same,
but afterwards."
+msgstr "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} :
Pareil, mais après la @var{phase}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1078
+msgid "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}."
+msgstr "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procédure})}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1080
+msgid "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
+msgstr "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1087
+msgid "The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and
@code{outputs}. Each input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not)
and output directory is referenced by their name in those variables. Thus
@code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} is the store directory of the main output of
the package. A phase procedure may look like this:"
+msgstr "La @var{procédure} prend en charge les arguments @code{inputs} et
@code{outputs} sous forme de mot-clés. Les entrées (@emph{natives},
@emph{propagées} et simples) et répertoires de sortie sont référencés par leur
nom dans ces variables. Ainsi @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} est le
répertoire du dépôt de la sortie principale du paquet. Une procédure de phase
ressemble à cela :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1095
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+" (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
+" (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
+" (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
+" ;; ...\n"
+" #true))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+" (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
+" (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
+" (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
+" ;; ...\n"
+" #true))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1101
+msgid "The procedure must return @code{#true} on success. It's brittle to
rely on the return value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because
there is no guarantee it would be a @code{#true}. Hence the trailing
@code{#true} to ensure the right value is returned on success."
+msgstr "La procédure doit renvoyer @code{#true} si elle réussit. S'appuyer sur
la valeur de retour de la dernière expression n'est pas très solide parce qu'il
n'y a pas de garantie qu'elle sera @code{#true}. Donc le @code{#true} à la fin
permet de s'assurer que la bonne valeur est renvoyée si la phase réussit."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1102
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Code staging"
+msgstr "Échelonnage de code"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1108
+msgid "The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in
the argument field. Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should
not be evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon.
This mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called
@uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}."
+msgstr "Si vous avez été attentif, vous aurez remarqué la quasi-quote et la
virgule dans le champ argument. En effet, le code de construction dans la
déclaration du paquet ne doit pas être évalué côté client, mais seulement après
avoir été passé au démon Guix. Ce mécanisme de passage de code entre deux
processus s'appelle @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, l'échelonnage de
code}."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1109
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Utility functions"
+msgstr "Fonctions utilitaires"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1114
+msgid "When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics
the equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp},
etc.)@: commonly used during regular ``Unix-style'' installations."
+msgstr "Lorsque vous modifiez les @code{phases}, vous aurez souvent besoin
d'écrire du code qui ressemble aux invocation équivalentes (@code{make},
@code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc) couramment utilisées durant une installatio plus
standard dans le monde Unix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1117
+msgid "Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile
reference manual} for a complete list."
+msgstr "Certaines comme @code{chmod} sont natives dans Guile. @xref{,,, guile,
Guile reference manual} pour une liste complète."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1120
+msgid "Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy
in the context of package management."
+msgstr "Guix fournit des fonctions utilitaires supplémentaires qui sont
particulièrement utiles pour la gestion des paquets."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1124
+msgid "Some of those functions can be found in
@samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. Most of them mirror the
behaviour of the traditional Unix system commands:"
+msgstr "Certaines de ces fonctions se trouvent dans
@samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. La plupart copient le
comportement des commandes systèmes Unix traditionnelles :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1126
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "which"
+msgstr "which"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
+msgid "Like the @samp{which} system command."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme la commande système @samp{which}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "find-files"
+msgstr "find-files"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
+msgid "Akin to the @samp{find} system command."
+msgstr "Fonctionne un peu comme la commande @samp{find}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "mkdir-p"
+msgstr "mkdir-p"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
+msgid "Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{mkdir -p}, qui crée tous les parents si besoin."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "install-file"
+msgstr "install-file"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
+msgid "Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly
non-existing) directory. Guile has @code{copy-file} which works like
@samp{cp}."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{install} pour installer un fichier vers un
répertoire (éventuellement non existant). Guile a @code{copy-file} qui
fonctionne comme @samp{cp}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "copy-recursively"
+msgstr "copy-recursively"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
+msgid "Like @samp{cp -r}."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{cp -r}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "delete-file-recursively"
+msgstr "delete-file-recursively"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
+msgid "Like @samp{rm -rf}."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{rm -rf}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "invoke"
+msgstr "invoke"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
+msgid "Run an executable. This should be used instead of @code{system*}."
+msgstr "Lance un exécutable. Vous devriez utiliser cela à la place de
@code{system*}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "with-directory-excursion"
+msgstr "with-directory-excursion"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
+msgid "Run the body in a different working directory, then restore the
previous working directory."
+msgstr "Lance le corps dans un répertoire de travail différent, puis revient
au répertoire de travail précédent."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "substitute*"
+msgstr "substitute*"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1147
+msgid "A ``@command{sed}-like'' function."
+msgstr "Une fonction similaire à @command{sed}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1151
+msgid "@xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more
information on these utilities."
+msgstr "@xref{Utilitaires de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence
de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur ces utilitaires."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1152
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Module prefix"
+msgstr "Préfixe de module"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1162
+msgid "The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how
the @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module
((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. The Guile module import mechanism
(@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) gives the user
full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid clashes between, say,
the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and
the @samp{zlib} variable fro [...]
+msgstr "La licence dans notre dernier exemple a besoin d'un préfixe à cause de
la manière dont le module @code{licenses} a été importé dans le paquet, avec
@code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. Le mécanisme d'import
de module de Guile (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference
manual}) permet de contrôler complètement l'espace de nom. Cela évite les
conflits entre, disons, la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{licenses.scm} (un
@emph{licence}) et la variable @sam [...]
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1163 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1164
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Other build systems"
+msgstr "Autres systèmes de construction"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1171
+msgid "What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build
system other than the @code{trivial-build-system}. The latter does not
automate anything and leaves you to build everything manually. This can be
more demanding and we won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely
necessary to fall back on this system."
+msgstr "Ce que nous avons vu jusqu'ici couvre la majeur partie des paquets qui
utilisent un système de construction autre que @code{trivial-build-system}. Ce
dernier n'automatise rien et vous laisse tout construire par vous-même. C'est
plus exigeant et nous n'en parlerons pas pour l'instant, mais heureusement il
est rarement nécessaire d'aller jusqu'à ces extrémités."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1175
+msgid "For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many
more, the process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few
specialized arguments."
+msgstr "Pour les autres systèmes de construction, comme ASDF, Emacs, Perl,
Ruby et bien d'autres, le processus est très similaire à celui du système de
construction de GNU en dehors de quelques arguments spécialisés."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1180
+msgid "@xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more
information on build systems, or check the source code in the
@samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system}
directories."
+msgstr "@xref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de
GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur les systèmes de construction, ou voir
le code source dans les répertoires @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} et
@samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system}."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1181 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1182
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Programmable and automated package definition"
+msgstr "Définition programmable et automatisée"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1186
+msgid "We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language
at hand empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package
management."
+msgstr "Nous ne le répéterons jamais assez : avoir un langage de programmation
complet à disposition nous permet de faire bien plus de choses que la gestion
de paquets traditionnelle."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1188
+msgid "Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix!"
+msgstr "Illustrons cela avec certaines fonctionnalités géniales de Guix !"
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1189 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1190
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Recursive importers"
+msgstr "Les importateurs récursifs"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1197
+msgid "You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to
do at all to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and
tedious after a while. A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human
beings at those boring tasks. So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create
the package definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for
conciseness):"
+msgstr "Certains systèmes de constructions sont si bons qu'il n'y a presque
rien à écrire pour créer un paquet, au point que cela devient rapidement
répétitif et pénible. L'une des raisons d'être des ordinateurs est de remplacer
les êtres humains pour ces taches barbantes. Disons donc à Guix de faire cela
pour nous et de créer les définitions de paquets pour un paquet R venant de
CRAN (la sortie est coupée par souci de place) :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1200
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1204
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1208
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1212
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" (license gpl3)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" (license gpl3)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1241
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-walrus\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
+" (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
+" (source\n"
+" (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+" \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
+" (build-system r-build-system)\n"
+" (propagated-inputs\n"
+" `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
+" (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
+" (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
+" (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
+" (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
+" (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
+"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
+"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
+"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information). Walrus is based on the\n"
+"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
+"work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
+"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
+" (license gpl3)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-walrus\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
+" (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
+" (source\n"
+" (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+" \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
+" (build-system r-build-system)\n"
+" (propagated-inputs\n"
+" `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
+" (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
+" (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
+" (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
+" (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
+" (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
+" (description\n"
+" \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
+"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
+"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
+"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information). Walrus is based on the\n"
+"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
+"work of Rand Wilcox. These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
+"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
+" (license gpl3)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1245
+msgid "The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has
package definitions, except for the very first."
+msgstr "L'importateur récursif n'importera pas les paquets pour lesquels Guix
a déjà une définition, sauf pour le tout premier."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1250
+msgid "Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a
select number of supported systems. Read about the full list of importers in
the guix import section of the manual (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU
Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "Toutes les applications ne peuvent pas être empaquetées de cette
manière, seules celles qui s'appuient sur un nombre restreint de systèmes pris
en charge le peuvent. Vous trouverez la liste complète des importateurs dans la
section dédiée du manuel (@pxref{Invoquer guix import,,, guix.fr, le manuel de
référence de GNU})."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1251 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1252
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Automatic update"
+msgstr "Mise à jour automatique"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1256
+msgid "Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows. It
can report outdated package definitions with"
+msgstr "Guix peut être assez intelligent pour vérifier s'il y a des mises à
jour sur les systèmes qu'il connaît. Il peut rapporter les paquets anciens avec"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1259
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix refresh hello\n"
+msgstr "$ guix refresh hello\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1264
+msgid "In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little
more than changing the version number and the checksum. Guix can do that
automatically as well:"
+msgstr "La plupart du temps, mettre à jour un paquet vers une nouvelle version
ne demande pas beaucoup plus que de changer le numéro de version et la somme de
contrôle. Guix peut aussi le faire automatiquement :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1267
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
+msgstr "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1269 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1270
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Inheritance"
+msgstr "Héritage"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1274
+msgid "If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might
have noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field:"
+msgstr "Si vous avez commencé à regarder des définitions de paquets
existantes, vous avez peut-être remarqué qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles ont
un champ @code{inherit} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1290
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
+" (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
+" (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
+" (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
+" (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
+" name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
+" (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
+" (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
+" (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
+" (source (origin\n"
+" (method url-fetch)\n"
+" (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
+" (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
+" name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
+" (sha256\n"
+" (base32\n"
+"
\"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1295
+msgid "All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package. This is
very convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different
source, version or compilation options."
+msgstr "Tous les champs non spécifiés héritent du paquet parent. C'est très
pratique pour créer un paquet alternatif, par exemple avec une source, une
version ou des options de compilation différentes."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1296 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1297
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Getting help"
+msgstr "Se faire aider"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1303
+msgid "Sadly, some applications can be tough to package. Sometimes they need
a patch to work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the
store. Sometimes the tests won't run properly. (They can be skipped but this
is not recommended.) Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible."
+msgstr "Malheureusement, certaines applications peuvent être difficiles à
empaqueter. Parfois elles ont besoin d'un correctif pour fonctionner avec la
hiérarchie du système de fichiers non standard imposée par de dépôt. Parfois
les tests ne se lancent pas correctement (vous pouvez les passer mais ce n'est
pas recommandé). Parfois le paquet n'est pas reproductible."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1306
+msgid "Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of
packaging issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help."
+msgstr "Si vous êtes bloqué·e, incapable de trouver comme corriger un problème
d'empaquetage, n'hésitez pas à demander de l'aide à la communauté."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1308
+msgid "See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix
homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc."
+msgstr "voir la @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/fr/contact/,la page d'accueil de
Guix} pour plus d'informations sur les listes de diffusion, IRC, etc."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1309 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1310
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "Conclusion"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1316
+msgid "This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management
that Guix boasts. At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to
the @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more
advanced abstractions are based."
+msgstr "Ce didacticiel vous a montré la gestion des paquets sophistiquée dont
Guix se targue. Maintenant, nous avons restreint cette introduction au système
@code{gnu-build-system} qui est un niveau d'abstraction essentiel sur lequel
des niveaux d'abstraction plus avancés se reposent."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1321
+msgid "Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the
build system by removing all abstractions, using the
@code{trivial-build-system}: this should give us a thorough understanding of
the process before investigating some more advanced packaging techniques and
edge cases."
+msgstr "Comment continuer ? Nous devrions ensuite disséquer le fonctionnement
interne des systèmes de construction en supprimant toutes les abstractions,
avec le @code{trivial-build-system} : cela vous permettra de bien comprendre le
processus avant de voir des techniques plus avancées et certains cas
particuliers."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1324
+msgid "Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and
debugging capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@."
+msgstr "D'autres fonctionnalités que vous devriez explorer sont l'édition
interactive et les possibilités de débogage de Guix fournies par la REPL de
Guile."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1329
+msgid "Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a
good time to take a well-deserved break. With what we've introduced here you
should be well armed to package lots of programs. You can get started right
away and hopefully we will see your contributions soon!"
+msgstr "Ces fonctionnalités avancées sont complètement facultatives et peuvent
attendre ; maintenant vous devriez prendre une pause bien méritée. Avec ce dont
nous venons de parler ici vous devriez être bien armé·e pour empaqueter de
nombreux paquets. Vous pouvez commencer dès maintenant et on espère voir votre
contribution bientôt !"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1330 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1331
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "References"
+msgstr "Références"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1336
+msgid "The
@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html,
package reference in the manual}"
+msgstr "La
@uref{https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/fr/html_node/reference-de-package.html,
référence des paquets dans le manuel}"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1339
+msgid "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org,
Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix}"
+msgstr "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, le
guide de bidouillage de GNU Guix de Pjotr}"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1342
+msgid "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf,
``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge"
+msgstr "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf,
« GNU Guix: Package without a scheme! »}, d'Andreas Enge"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1351
+msgid "Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix
System. This flexibility can at times be overwhelming. The purpose of this
chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts."
+msgstr "Guix propose un langage flexible pour déclarer la configuration de
votre système Guix. Cette flexibilité peut parfois paraître écrasante. Le but
de ce chapitre est de vous montrer quelques concepts de configuration avancés."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1354
+msgid "@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a
complete reference."
+msgstr "@pxref{Configuration du système,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de
GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System."
+msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé sur le système Guix."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1606
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1607
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix System Image API"
+msgstr "L'API de création d'images du système Guix"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Customizing images to target specific platforms."
+msgstr "Personnaliser des images pour des plateformes particulières."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1817
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1818
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Connecting to Wireguard VPN"
+msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Connecting to a Wireguard VPN."
+msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1894
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1895
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Customizing a Window Manager"
+msgstr "Personnaliser un gestionnaire de fenêtres"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System."
+msgstr "Gérer la personnalisation d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres sur le système
Guix."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1985
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1986
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server"
+msgstr "Lancer Guix sur un serveur Linode"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2225
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2226
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Setting up a bind mount"
+msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition."
+msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué dans une définition de système de
fichiers."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2274
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2275
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Getting substitutes from Tor"
+msgstr "Récupérer des substituts via Tor"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor."
+msgstr "Configurer le démon Guix pour récupérer les substituts via Tor."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2336
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2337
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Setting up NGINX with Lua"
+msgstr "Configurer NGINX avec Lua"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules."
+msgstr "Configurer le serveur web NGINX pour qu'il charge des modules Lua."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1376
+msgid "Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes
(@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building
packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package
installations and upgrades. Given this starting point, it makes sense that
efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and
recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes
continues to be a topic of discussion wi [...]
+msgstr "Guix est, en son cœur, une distribution source avec des substituts
(@pxref{Substituts,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), et donc
construire des paquets à partir de leur code source est normal pendant les
installations et les mis à jour de paquets. Malgré tout, c'est aussi normal
d'essayer de réduire le temps passé à compiler des paquets, et les changements
récents et futurs concernant la construction et la distribution des substituts
continue d'être un sujet de dis [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1382
+msgid "The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does
take a rather long time on an average machine. The official kernel
configuration, as is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the
side of inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a
long time when the kernel is built from source."
+msgstr "Le noyau, bien qu'il ne demande pas énormément de RAM pour être
construit, prend assez long à construire sur une machine usuelle. La
configuration du noyau officielle, comme avec la plupart des autres
distributions GNU/Linux, penche du côté de l'inclusivité, et c'est vraiment ça
qui rend la construction aussi longue à partir des sources."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1387
+msgid "The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old
package, and as such can be customized just like any other package. The
procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the
nature of how the package definition is written."
+msgstr "Le noyau Linux, cependant, peut aussi être décrit comme un simple
paquet comme les autres, et peut donc être personnalisé comme n'importe quel
autre paquet. La procédure est un peu différente, même si c'est surtout dû à la
nature de la définition du paquet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1390
+msgid "The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a
procedure which creates a package."
+msgstr "Le paquet du noyau @code{linux-libre} est en fait une procédure qui
crée un paquet."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1402
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
+" #:key\n"
+" ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
+" ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
+" (extra-version #false)\n"
+" (configuration-file #false)\n"
+" (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
+" (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
+" (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
+" ...)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
+" #:key\n"
+" ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
+" ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
+" (extra-version #false)\n"
+" (configuration-file #false)\n"
+" (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
+" (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
+" (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
+" ...)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1406
+msgid "The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.1.x series, and is
declared like this:"
+msgstr "Le paquet @code{linux-libre} actuel pour la série 5.1.x, est déclaré
comme ceci :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1414
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public linux-libre\n"
+" (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
+" %linux-libre-hash\n"
+" '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\"
\"aarch64-linux\")\n"
+" #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
+" #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public linux-libre\n"
+" (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
+" %linux-libre-hash\n"
+" '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\"
\"aarch64-linux\")\n"
+" #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
+" #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1423
+msgid "Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from
the @code{make-linux-libre} definition. When comparing the two snippets above,
you may notice that the code comment in the first doesn't actually refer to the
@code{#:extra-version} keyword; it is actually for @code{#:configuration-file}.
Because of this, it is not actually easy to include a custom kernel
configuration from the definition, but don't worry, there are other ways to
work with what we do have."
+msgstr "Les clés qui n'ont pas de valeur associée prennent leur valeur par
défaut dans la définition de @code{make-linux-libre}. Lorsque vous comparez les
deux bouts de code ci-dessus, vous aurez remarqué que le commentaire du premier
ne correspond pas au mot-clé @code{#:extra-version}, mais à
@code{#:configuration-file}. À cause de cela, il n'est pas facile d'inclure une
configuration personnalisée du noyau à partir de la définition, mais ne vous
inquiétez pas, il y a d'autres moyens de [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1429
+msgid "There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel
configuration. The first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during
the build process by including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input
to our custom kernel. The following is a snippet from the custom
@code{'configure} phase of the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:"
+msgstr "Il y a deux manières de créer un noyau avec une configuration
personnalisée. La première consiste à fournir un fichier @file{.config}
standard au processus de construction en ajoutant un fichier @file{.config}
comme entrée native de notre noyau. Voici un bout de code correspondant à la
phase @code{'configure} de la définition de paquet @code{make-linux-libre} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
+" (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(let ((build (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
+" (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1441
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
+" ;; configuration file.\n"
+" (if config\n"
+" (begin\n"
+" (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
+" (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
+" (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+" ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
+" ;; configuration file.\n"
+" (if config\n"
+" (begin\n"
+" (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
+" (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
+" (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1446
+msgid "Below is a sample kernel package. The @code{linux-libre} package is
nothing special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like
any other package:"
+msgstr "Et voici un exemple de paquet de noyau. Le paquet @code{linux-libre}
n'a rien de spécial, on peut en hériter et remplacer ses champs comme n'importe
quel autre paquet :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1455
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (inherit linux-libre)\n"
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
+" ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
+" (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
+" (package\n"
+" (inherit linux-libre)\n"
+" (native-inputs\n"
+" `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
+" ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
+" (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1462
+msgid "In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is
a file named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file.
The @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so
the only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in
the @code{native-inputs} field."
+msgstr "Dans le même répertoire que le fichier définissant
@code{linux-libre-E2140} se trouve un fichier nommé @file{E2140.config}, qui
est un fichier de configuration du noyau. Le mot-clé @code{defconfig} de
@code{make-linux-libre} reste vide ici, donc la configuration du noyau dans le
paquet est celle qui sera incluse dans le champ @code{native-inputs}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1467
+msgid "The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the
@code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure. The
@code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below
it:"
+msgstr "La deuxième manière de créer un noyau personnalisé est de passer une
nouvelle valeur au mot-clé @code{extra-options} de la procédure
@code{make-linux-libre}. Le mot-clé @code{extra-options} fonctionne avec une
autre fonction définie juste en dessous :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1483
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
+" `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
+" ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
+" `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
+" ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
+" (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1494
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define (config->string options)\n"
+" (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
+" ((option . 'm)\n"
+" (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
+" ((option . #true)\n"
+" (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
+" ((option . #false)\n"
+" (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
+" options)\n"
+" \"\\n\"))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define (config->string options)\n"
+" (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
+" ((option . 'm)\n"
+" (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
+" ((option . #true)\n"
+" (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
+" ((option . #false)\n"
+" (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
+" options)\n"
+" \"\\n\"))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1497
+msgid "And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:"
+msgstr "Et dans le script configure personnalisé du paquet « make-linux-libre
» :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1505
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
+";; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
+"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
+" (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
+" (display extra-configuration port)\n"
+" (close-port port))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
+";; file. The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
+"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
+" (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
+" (display extra-configuration port)\n"
+" (close-port port))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1507
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
+msgstr "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1512
+msgid "So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts
blank, and then we write into it the collection of flags that we want. Here's
another custom kernel:"
+msgstr "Donc, en ne fournissant pas de fichier de configuration le fichier
@file{.config} est au départ vide et on écrit ensuite l'ensemble des drapeaux
que l'on veut. Voici un autre noyau personnalisé :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1520
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
+" (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
+" %file-systems\n"
+" %efi-support\n"
+" %emulation\n"
+" (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
+" (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
+" %file-systems\n"
+" %efi-support\n"
+" %emulation\n"
+" (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1530
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
+" ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
+" ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
+" ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux)
%linux-libre-version)\n"
+" (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
+" '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
+" #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
+" #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux)
%linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
+" #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
+" ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
+" ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
+" ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux)
%linux-libre-version)\n"
+" (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
+" '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
+" #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
+" #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux)
%linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
+" #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1537
+msgid "In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags
enabling different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support
and @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode
also. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had
to be added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword."
+msgstr "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus @code{%fale-systems} est un ensemble de
drapeaux qui activent la prise en charge de différents systèmes de fichiers,
@code{%efi-support} active la prise en charge de l'EFI et @code{%emulation}
permet à une machine x86_64-linux de fonctionner aussi en mode 32-bits.
@code{%default-extra-linux-options} sont l'ensemble de ces options et elles
devaient être ajoutées puisqu'elles ont été remplacées dans le mot-clé
@code{extra-options}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1546
+msgid "This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know
which modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be
helpful in trying to answer this question is the
@uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo
Handbook} and the
@uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig,
documentation from the kernel itself}. From the kernel documentation, it
seems that @code{make local [...]
+msgstr "Tout ça est bien beau, mais comment savoir quels modules sont requis
pour un système en particulier ? Il y a deux ressources qui peuvent être utiles
pour répondre à cette question : le
@uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, manuel
de Gentoo} et la
@uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig,
documentation du noyau}. D'après la documentation du noyau, il semble que la
commande @code{make localmodconf [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1549
+msgid "In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to
get and unpack the kernel source code:"
+msgstr "Pour lancer @code{make localmodconfig} on doit d'abord récupérer et
décompresser le code source du noyau :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1552
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
+msgstr "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1559
+msgid "Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch
.config} to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with. @code{make
localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and
letting you know what you're missing. If the file is blank then you're missing
everything. The next step is to run:"
+msgstr "Une fois dans le répertoire contenant le code source lancez
@code{touch .config} pour créer un fichier @file{.config} initialement vide
pour commencer. @code{make localmodconfig} fonctionne en remarquant que avec
déjà un @file{.config} et en vous disant ce qu'il vous manque. Si le fichier
est vide, il vous manquera tout ce qui est nécessaire. L'étape suivante
consiste à lancer :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1562
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
+msgstr "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1567
+msgid "and note the output. Do note that the @file{.config} file is still
empty. The output generally contains two types of warnings. The first start
with \"WARNING\" and can actually be ignored in our case. The second read:"
+msgstr "et regardez la sortie. Remarquez que le fichier @file{.config} est
toujours vide. La sortie contient en général deux types d'avertissements. Le
premier commence par « WARNING » et peut être ignoré dans notre cas. Le
deuxième dit :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1570
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
+msgstr "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1575
+msgid "For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into
the @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it
looks like this:"
+msgstr "Pour chacune de ces lignes, copiez la partie @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX}
dans le @file{.config} du répertoire et ajoutez @code{=m} pour qu'à la fin il
ressemble à cela :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1579
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
+"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
+"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1588
+msgid "After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make
localmodconfig} again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with
``module''. After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple
more left that are also needed. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you
can build and load modules separately and not have everything built into the
kernel. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives. It
is possible that there are other [...]
+msgstr "Après avoir copié toutes les options de configuration, lancez
@code{make localmodconfig} de nouveau pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas de
sortie commençant par « module ». Après tous ces modules spécifiques à la
machine, il y en a encore quelques uns que nous devons aussi définir.
@code{CONFIG_MODULES} est nécessaire pour que nous puissions construire et
charger les modules séparément et ne pas tout construire dans le noyau.
@code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} est requis pour lire les di [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1592
+msgid "This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel
however, so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out
other guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs."
+msgstr "Cet article n'a pas pour but de vous guider dans la configuration de
votre propre noyau cependant, donc si vous décidez de construire un noyau
personnalisé vous devrez chercher d'autres guides pour créer un noyau qui vous
convient."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1600
+msgid "The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of
Guix's features and allows you to share configuration segments between
different kernels. For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number
of EFI configuration flags that they need. It is likely that all the kernels
will share a list of file systems to support. By using variables it is easier
to see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have
features in one kernel but missing [...]
+msgstr "La deuxième manière de configurer le noyau utilise un peu plus les
fonctionnalités de Guix et vous permettent de partager des bouts de
configuration entre différents noyaux. Par exemple, toutes les machines avec un
démarrage EFI ont besoin d'un certain nombre de configurations. Tous les noyaux
vont probablement partager une liste de systèmes de fichiers à prendre en
charge. En utilisant des variables il est facile de voir du premier coup
quelles fonctionnalités sont activées pour [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1605
+msgid "Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization. It
is likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom
kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be
available for inclusion into the initrd."
+msgstr "Cependant, nous ne parlons pas de la personnalisation du disque de ram
initial. Vous devrez sans doute modifier le disque de ram initial sur les
machines qui utilisent un noyau personnalisé, puisque certains modules attendus
peuvent ne pas être disponibles."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1612
+msgid "Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system}
structure. This structure contains various fields ranging from the bootloader
and kernel declaration to the services to install."
+msgstr "Historiquement, le système Guix est centré sur une structure
@code{operating-system}. Cette structure contient divers champs qui vont du
chargeur d'amorçage et à la déclaration du noyau aux services à installer."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1618
+msgid "Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard
@code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the Pine64,
the image constraints can vary a lot. The hardware manufacturers will impose
different image formats with various partition sizes and offsets."
+msgstr "En fonction de la machine cible, qui peut aller d'une machine
@code{x86_64} standard à un petit ordinateur ARM sur carte unique comme le
Pine64, les contraintes sur l'image varient beaucoup. Les fabricants imposent
différents formats d'image avec plusieurs tailles de partitions et de
positions."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1623
+msgid "To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is
necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record. This record contains
all the required information to be transformed into a standalone image, that
can be directly booted on any target machine."
+msgstr "Pour créer des images convenables pour toutes ces machines, une
nouvelle abstraction est nécessaire : c'est le but de l'enregistrement
@code{image}. Cet enregistrement contient toutes les informations requises pour
être transformé en une image complète, qui peut être directement démarrée sur
une machine cible."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1645
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
+" image make-image\n"
+" image?\n"
+" (name image-name ;symbol\n"
+" (default #f))\n"
+" (format image-format) ;symbol\n"
+" (target image-target\n"
+" (default #f))\n"
+" (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer\n"
+" (default 'guess))\n"
+" (operating-system image-operating-system ;<operating-system>\n"
+" (default #f))\n"
+" (partitions image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
+" (default '()))\n"
+" (compression? image-compression? ;boolean\n"
+" (default #t))\n"
+" (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
+" (default #t))\n"
+" (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
+" (default #t)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
+" image make-image\n"
+" image?\n"
+" (name image-name ;symbol\n"
+" (default #f))\n"
+" (format image-format) ;symbol\n"
+" (target image-target\n"
+" (default #f))\n"
+" (size image-size ;size in bytes as integer\n"
+" (default 'guess))\n"
+" (operating-system image-operating-system ;<operating-system>\n"
+" (default #f))\n"
+" (partitions image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
+" (default '()))\n"
+" (compression? image-compression? ;boolean\n"
+" (default #t))\n"
+" (volatile-root? image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
+" (default #t))\n"
+" (substitutable? image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
+" (default #t)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1651
+msgid "This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The
@code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw},
@code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be
extended to @code{docker} or other image types."
+msgstr "Cet enregistrement contient le système d'exploitation à instancier. Le
champ @code{format} défini le type d'image et peut être @code{efi-raw},
@code{qcow2} ou @code{iso9660} par exemple. Plus tard, on prévoit de l'étendre
à @code{docker} et aux autres types d'images."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1654
+msgid "A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition.
For now there are four files:"
+msgstr "Un nouveau répertoire dans les sources de Guix est dédié aux
définitions des images. Pour l'instant il y a quatre fichiers :"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1656
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1657
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1658
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1659
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1665
+msgid "Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the
@code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an
operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board."
+msgstr "Regardons le fichier @file{pine64.scm}. Il contient la variable
@code{pine64-barebones-os} qui est une définition minimale d'un système
d'exploitation dédié à la carte @b{Pine A64 LTS}."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1689
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
+" (operating-system\n"
+" (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
+" (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
+" (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
+" (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
+" (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
+" (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
+" (initrd-modules '())\n"
+" (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
+" (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
+" (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
+" (mount-point \"/\")\n"
+" (type \"ext4\"))\n"
+" %base-file-systems))\n"
+" (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
+" (agetty-configuration\n"
+" (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
+" (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
+" (term \"vt100\")\n"
+" (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
+" %base-services))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
+" (operating-system\n"
+" (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
+" (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
+" (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
+" (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
+" (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
+" (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
+" (initrd-modules '())\n"
+" (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
+" (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
+" (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
+" (mount-point \"/\")\n"
+" (type \"ext4\"))\n"
+" %base-file-systems))\n"
+" (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
+" (agetty-configuration\n"
+" (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
+" (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
+" (term \"vt100\")\n"
+" (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
+" %base-services))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1693
+msgid "The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages
dedicated to this board."
+msgstr "Les champs @code{kernel} et @code{bootloader} pointent vers les
paquets dédiés à cette carte."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1695
+msgid "Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined."
+msgstr "Ci-dessous, la variable @code{pine64-image-type} est ainsi définie."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1701
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define pine64-image-type\n"
+" (image-type\n"
+" (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
+" (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define pine64-image-type\n"
+" (image-type\n"
+" (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
+" (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1705
+msgid "It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type}
record, defined this way:"
+msgstr "Elle utilise un enregistrement dont nous n'avons pas encore parlé,
l'enregistrement @code{image-type}, défini de cette façon :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1712
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
+" image-type make-image-type\n"
+" image-type?\n"
+" (name image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
+" (constructor image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
+" image-type make-image-type\n"
+" image-type?\n"
+" (name image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
+" (constructor image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1718
+msgid "The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure
transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image. To understand why it is
necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image from an
@code{operating-system} configuration file:"
+msgstr "Le but principal de cet enregistrement est d'associer un nom à une
procédure transformant un @code{operating-system} en une image. Pour comprendre
pourquoi c'est nécessaire, voyons la commande produisant une image à partir
d'un fichier de configuration de type @code{operating-system} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1721
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1727
+msgid "This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how
should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We need to
provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing the
@code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way:"
+msgstr "Cette commande demande une configuration de type
@code{operating-system} mais comment indiquer que l'on veut cibler une carte
Pine64 ? Nous devons fournir l'information supplémentaire, @code{image-type},
en passant le drapeau @code{--image-type} ou @code{-t}, de cette manière :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1730
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1736
+msgid "This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type}
defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in @code{my-os.scm}
will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to
turn it into an image."
+msgstr "Ce paramètre @code{image-type} pointe vers le @code{pine64-image-type}
défini plus haut. Ainsi, la déclaration @code{operating-system} dans
@code{my-os.scm} se verra appliquée la procédure @code{[cut image-with-os
arm64-disk-image <>)} pour la transformer en une image."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1738
+msgid "The resulting image looks like:"
+msgstr "L'image qui en résulte ressemble à ceci :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1748
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(image\n"
+" (format 'disk-image)\n"
+" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
+" (operating-system my-os)\n"
+" (partitions\n"
+" (list (partition\n"
+" (inherit root-partition)\n"
+" (offset root-offset)))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(image\n"
+" (format 'disk-image)\n"
+" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
+" (operating-system my-os)\n"
+" (partitions\n"
+" (list (partition\n"
+" (inherit root-partition)\n"
+" (offset root-offset)))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1752
+msgid "which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in
@code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record."
+msgstr "qui ajoute l'objet @code{operating-system} défini dans
@code{my-os.scm} à l'enregistrement @code{arm64-disk-image}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1754
+msgid "But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix
user?"
+msgstr "Mais assez de cette folie. Qu'est-ce que cette API pour les images
apporte aux utilisateurs et utilisatrices ?"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1756
+msgid "One can run:"
+msgstr "On peut lancer :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1760
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
+"The available image types are:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
+"Les types d'image disponibles sont :\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1772
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
+" - pine64-raw\n"
+" - novena-raw\n"
+" - hurd-raw\n"
+" - hurd-qcow2\n"
+" - qcow2\n"
+" - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
+" - efi-raw\n"
+" - arm64-raw\n"
+" - arm32-raw\n"
+" - iso9660\n"
+msgstr ""
+" - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
+" - pine64-raw\n"
+" - novena-raw\n"
+" - hurd-raw\n"
+" - hurd-qcow2\n"
+" - qcow2\n"
+" - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
+" - efi-raw\n"
+" - arm64-raw\n"
+" - arm32-raw\n"
+" - iso9660\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1777
+msgid "and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on
@code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your preferences in
a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this:"
+msgstr "et en écrivant un fichier de type @code{operating-system} basé sur
@code{pine64-barebones-os}, vous pouvez personnaliser votre image selon vos
préférences dasn un fichier (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) de cette manière :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1781
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
+" (gnu system images pine64))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
+" (gnu system images pine64))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1792
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
+" (operating-system\n"
+" (inherit base-os)\n"
+" (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
+" (services\n"
+" (cons\n"
+" (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
+" (earlyoom-configuration\n"
+" (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
+" (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
+" (operating-system\n"
+" (inherit base-os)\n"
+" (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
+" (services\n"
+" (cons\n"
+" (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
+" (earlyoom-configuration\n"
+" (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
+" (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1795
+msgid "run:"
+msgstr "lancez :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1798
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1801
+msgid "or,"
+msgstr "ou bien,"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1804
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1808
+msgid "to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted
from."
+msgstr "pour récupérer une image que vous pouvez écrire sur un disque dur pour
démarrer dessus."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1810
+msgid "Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling:"
+msgstr "Sans rien changer à @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, en appelant :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1813
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1816
+msgid "will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image."
+msgstr "vous aurez une image QEMU pour le Hurd à la place."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1823
+msgid "To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be
loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support it (e.g.
@code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager})."
+msgstr "Pour se connecter à un serveur VPN Wireguard, il faut que le module du
noyau soit chargé en mémoire et qu'un paquet fournissant des outils de réseau
le prenne en charge (par exemple, @code{wireguard-tools} ou
@code{network-manager})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1827
+msgid "Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module
is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of the
kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration:"
+msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration pour Linux-Libre < 5.6, où le module
est hors de l'arborescence des sources et doit être chargé manuellement--les
révisions suivantes du noyau l'ont intégré et n'ont donc pas besoin d'une telle
configuration :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1832
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
+"(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
+"(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1841
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
+" kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
+" '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
+" %desktop-services))\n"
+" (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
+" (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
+" kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
+" '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
+" %desktop-services))\n"
+" (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
+" (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1845
+msgid "After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use
Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server."
+msgstr "Après avoir reconfiguré et redémarré votre système, vous pouvez
utiliser les outils Wireguard ou NetworkManager pour vous connecter à un
serveur VPN."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1846
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Using Wireguard tools"
+msgstr "Utilisation des outils Wireguard"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1852
+msgid "To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use
@command{wg-quick}. Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up
./wg0.conf}; or put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run
@command{wg-quick up wg0} instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1853
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Note"
+msgstr "Remarque"
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1856
+msgid "Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick
and dirty bash script […]”."
+msgstr "Soyez averti que l'auteur a décrit cette commande comme un : « [...]
script bash écrit à la va-vite [...] »."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1858
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Using NetworkManager"
+msgstr "En utilisant NetworkManager"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1866
+msgid "Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our
VPN using @command{nmcli} command. Up to this point this guide assumes that
you're using Network Manager service provided by @code{%desktop-services}.
Ortherwise you need to adjust your services list to load
@code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your Guix system."
+msgstr "Grâce à la prise en charge de NetworkManager pour Wireguard, nous
pouvons nous connecter à notre VPN en utilisant la commande @command{nmcli}.
Jusqu'ici, ce guide suppose que vous utilisez le service Network Manager fourni
par @code{%desktop-services}. Dans le cas contraire, vous devez ajuster votre
liste de services pour charger @code{network-manager-service-type} et
reconfigurer votre système Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1868
+msgid "To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command:"
+msgstr "Pour importer votre configuration VPN, exécutez la commande d'import
de nmcli :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1872
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
+"Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
+"Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1877
+msgid "This will create a configuration file in
@file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Next connect to the Wireguard
server:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1881
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
+"Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path:
/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1885
+msgid "By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot.
To change that behaviour you need to edit your config:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1888
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
+msgstr "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1893
+msgid "For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard
@uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see
this post by thaller}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1896
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "wm"
+msgstr "wm"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1898 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1899
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "StumpWM"
+msgstr "StumpWM"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1900
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "stumpwm"
+msgstr "stumpwm"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1905
+msgid "You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding @code{stumpwm}
and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} packages to a system configuration
file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez installer StumpWM sur un système Guix en ajoutant
@code{stumwm} et éventuellement @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} dans les paquets du
fichier de système d'exploitation, p.@: ex.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1907
+msgid "An example configuration can look like this:"
+msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1911
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1916
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+" %base-packages)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+" %base-packages)))\n"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1918
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "stumpwm fonts"
+msgstr "polices stumpwm"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1922
+msgid "By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on
your system. You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp module
@code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages:"
+msgstr "Par défaut StumpWM utilise les polices X11, qui peuvent être petites
ou pixelisées sur votre système. Vous pouvez corriger cela en installant le
module Lisp pour StumpWM @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, en l'ajoutant aux paquets de
votre système :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1926
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1931
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+" sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+" sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1935
+msgid "Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file
@file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}:"
+msgstr "Ensuite vous devrez ajouter le code suivant à au fichier de
configuration de StumpWM @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1942
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
+"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
+"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\")
\"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
+"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
+"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily
\"Book\" :size 11))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
+"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
+"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\")
\"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
+"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
+"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily
\"Book\" :size 11))\n"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1944 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1945
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Session lock"
+msgstr "Verrouillage de session"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1946
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "sessionlock"
+msgstr "verrouillage de session"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1952
+msgid "Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might
come built in or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use
a desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a
plain window manager like StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up
yourself."
+msgstr "En fonction de votre environnement, le verrouillage de l'écran peut
être inclus, ou vous devrez le configurer vous-même. La fonctionnalité est
souvent intégrée aux environnements de bureau comme GNOME ou KDE. Si vous
utilisez un gestionnaire de fenêtre comme StumpWM ou EXWM, vous devrez sans
doute le configurer vous-même."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1953 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1954
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Xorg"
+msgstr "Xorg"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1960
+msgid "If you use Xorg, you can use the utility
@uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your
session. xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected
and enabled if ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime."
+msgstr "Si vous utilisez Xorg, vous pouvez utiliser l'utilitaire
@uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} pour verrouiller votre
session. xss-lock est lancé par DPMS qui est détecté et activé automatiquement
par Xorg 1.8 si ACPI est aussi activé à l'exécution dans le noyau."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1963
+msgid "To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the
background before you start your window manager from e.g. your
@file{~/.xsession}:"
+msgstr "Pour utiliser xss-lock, vous pouvez simplement l'exécuter et le
laisser tourner en tache de fond avant de démarrer votre gestionnaire de
fenêtre, par exemple dans votre @file{~/.xsession} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1967
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
+"exec stumpwm\n"
+msgstr ""
+"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
+"exec stumpwm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1971
+msgid "In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of
the screen when it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your
device."
+msgstr "Dans cet exemple, xss-lock utilise @code{slock} pour effectivement
verrouiller l'écran quand il pense que c'est nécessaire, comme lorsque vous
mettez votre machine en veille."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1975
+msgid "For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical
session, it needs to be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it
needs a PAM service. This can be achieved by adding the following service to
your @file{config.scm}:"
+msgstr "Pour que slock puisse verrouiller l'écran de la session graphique, il
doit être en setuid-root pour qu'il puisse authentifier les utilisateurs, et il
a besoin d'un service PAM. On peut y arriver en ajoutant le service suivant
dans notre @file{config.scm} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1978
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
+msgstr "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1984
+msgid "If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when
you want to lock your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify
xss-lock about this so no confusion occurs. This can be done by executing
@code{xset s activate} immediately before you execute slock."
+msgstr "Si vous verrouillez l'écran manuellement, p.@: ex.@: en appelant slock
directement si vous voulez verrouiller l'écran sans mettre l'ordinateur en
veille, il vaut mieux notifier xss-lock pour éviter la confusion. Vous pouvez
faire cela en exécutant @code{xset s activate} juste avant d'exécuter slock."
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1987
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "linode, Linode"
+msgstr "linode, Linode"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1992
+msgid "To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com,
Linode}, start with a recommended Debian server. We recommend using the
default distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys."
+msgstr "Pour lancer Guix sur un serveur hébergé par
@uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, commencez par un serveur Debian
recommandé. Nous vous recommandons d'utiliser la distribution par défaut pour
amorcer Guix. Créez vos clés SSH."
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1995
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "ssh-keygen\n"
+msgstr "ssh-keygen\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2001
+msgid "Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server. This
is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding SSH keys. Go to
your profile and click add SSH Key. Copy into it the output of:"
+msgstr "Assurez-vous d'ajouter votre clé SSH pour vous connecter facilement
sur le serveur distant. C'est facilité par l'interface graphique de Linode.
Allez sur votre profil et cliquez sur le bouton pour ajouter une clé SSH.
Copiez la sortie de :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2004
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
+msgstr "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2008
+msgid "Power the Linode down. In the Linode's Disks/Configurations tab, resize
the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB is recommended."
+msgstr "Éteignez le serveur Linode. Dans l'onglet Disks/Configurations de
Linode, redimensionnez le disque Debian pour être plus petit. Nous vous
recommandons de choisir 30 Go."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2010
+msgid "In the Linode settings, \"Add a disk\", with the following:"
+msgstr "Dans les paramètres de Linode, « Add a disk » avec ce qui suit :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2013
+msgid "Label: \"Guix\""
+msgstr "Label: \"Guix\""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2016
+msgid "Filesystem: ext4"
+msgstr "Filesystem: ext4"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2019
+msgid "Set it to the remaining size"
+msgstr "Donnez-lui la taille restante"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2024
+msgid "On the \"configuration\" field that comes with the default image, press
\"...\" and select \"Edit\", then on that menu add to @file{/dev/sdc} the
\"Guix\" label."
+msgstr "Dans le champ « configuration » de l'image par défaut, cliquez sur « …
» et choisissez « Edit », puis sur le menu ajoutez l'étiquette « Guix » à
@file{/dev/sdc}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2026
+msgid "Now \"Add a Configuration\", with the following:"
+msgstr "Maintenant « Add a Configuration », avec ce qui suit :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2029
+msgid "Label: Guix"
+msgstr "Label: Guix"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2032
+msgid "Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!})"
+msgstr "Kernel: GRUB 2 (c'est à la toute fin ! Cette étape est @b{IMPORTANTE
!})"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2035
+msgid "Block device assignment:"
+msgstr "Périphériques blocs assignés :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2038
+msgid "@file{/dev/sda}: Guix"
+msgstr "@file{/dev/sda} : Guix"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2041
+msgid "@file{/dev/sdb}: swap"
+msgstr "@file{/dev/sdb} : swap"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2044
+msgid "Root device: @file{/dev/sda}"
+msgstr "Périphérique racine : @file{/dev/sda}"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2047
+msgid "Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers"
+msgstr "Désactivez tous les programmes d'aide pour les systèmes de fichiers et
le démarrage"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2054
+msgid "Now power it back up, picking the Debian configuration. Once it's
booted up, ssh in your server via @code{ssh root@@@var{<your-server-IP-here>}}.
(You can find your server IP address in your Linode Summary section.) Now you
can run the \"install guix from @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}\"
steps:"
+msgstr "Maintenant démarrez le serveur et choisissez la configuration Debian.
Une fois démarré, connectez vous en ssh au serveur avec @code{ssh
root@@@var{<IP-de-votre-serveur-ici>}}. (Vous pouvez trouver l'adresse IP de
votre serveur dans la section résumé de Linode). Maintenant vous pouvez lancer
les étapes d'installation de @pxref{Installation binaire,,, guix.fr, GNU Guix}
:"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2062
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
+"wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import
-\n"
+"wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
+"chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
+"./guix-install.sh\n"
+"guix pull\n"
+msgstr ""
+"sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
+"wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import
-\n"
+"wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
+"chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
+"./guix-install.sh\n"
+"guix pull\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2066
+msgid "Now it's time to write out a config for the server. The key
information is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}."
+msgstr "Maintenant il est temps d'écrire une configuration pour le serveur.
Voici ce que vous devrez obligatoirement écrire, en plus de vos propres
configurations. Enregistrez le fichier avec le nom @file{guix-config.scm}."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2077
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu)\n"
+" (guix modules))\n"
+"(use-service-modules networking\n"
+" ssh)\n"
+"(use-package-modules admin\n"
+" certs\n"
+" package-management\n"
+" ssh\n"
+" tls)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu)\n"
+" (guix modules))\n"
+"(use-service-modules networking\n"
+" ssh)\n"
+"(use-package-modules admin\n"
+" certs\n"
+" package-management\n"
+" ssh\n"
+" tls)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2094
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
+" (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
+" (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
+" ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg\n"
+" ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk.\n"
+" (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
+" (bootloader\n"
+" (bootloader\n"
+" (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
+" (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
+" (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
+" (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
+" (mount-point \"/\")\n"
+" (type \"ext4\"))\n"
+" %base-file-systems))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
+" (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
+" (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
+" ;; Ce code va générer un grub.cfg\n"
+" ;; sans installer le chargeur d'amorçage grub sur le disque.\n"
+" (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
+" (bootloader\n"
+" (bootloader\n"
+" (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
+" (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
+" (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
+" (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
+" (mount-point \"/\")\n"
+" (type \"ext4\"))\n"
+" %base-file-systems))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2097
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2101
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\" ; Needed to find the disk\n"
+" %base-initrd-modules))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\" ; Requis pour trouver le disque\n"
+" %base-initrd-modules))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2110
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (users (cons (user-account\n"
+" (name \"janedoe\")\n"
+" (group \"users\")\n"
+" ;; Adding the account to the \"wheel\" group\n"
+" ;; makes it a sudoer.\n"
+" (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
+" (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
+" %base-user-accounts))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (users (cons (user-account\n"
+" (name \"janedoe\")\n"
+" (group \"users\")\n"
+" ;; Ajoute le compte au groupe « wheel »\n"
+" ;; pour en faire un sudoer.\n"
+" (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
+" (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
+" %base-user-accounts))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2114
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (packages (cons* nss-certs ;for HTTPS access\n"
+" openssh-sans-x\n"
+" %base-packages))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (packages (cons* nss-certs ; pour l'accès HTTPS\n"
+" openssh-sans-x\n"
+" %base-packages))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2125
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (services (cons*\n"
+" (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
+" (service openssh-service-type\n"
+" (openssh-configuration\n"
+" (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
+" (password-authentication? #false)\n"
+" (authorized-keys\n"
+" `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
+" (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
+" %base-services)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (services (cons*\n"
+" (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
+" (service openssh-service-type\n"
+" (openssh-configuration\n"
+" (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
+" (password-authentication? #false)\n"
+" (authorized-keys\n"
+" `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
+" (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
+" %base-services)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2128
+msgid "Replace the following fields in the above configuration:"
+msgstr "Remplacez les champs suivants dans la configuration ci-dessus :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2136
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(host-name \"my-server\") ; replace with your server name\n"
+"; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then\n"
+"; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string\n"
+"(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; if needed replace timezone\n"
+"(name \"janedoe\") ; replace with your username\n"
+"(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
+"(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(host-name \"my-server\") ; remplacez avec le nom de votre serveur\n"
+"; si vous avez choisi un serveur Linode en dehors des U.S.,\n"
+"; utilisez tzselect pour trouver le bon fuseau horaire\n"
+"(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; remplacez le fuseau horaire si besoin\n"
+"(name \"janedoe\") ; remplacez avec votre nom d'utilisateur\n"
+"(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé
ssh\n"
+"(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé ssh\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2142
+msgid "The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root
and set the initial root password. After you have done this, you may delete
that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root login."
+msgstr "Cette dernière ligne vous permet de vous connecter au serveur en root
et de créer le mot de passe initial. Après avoir fait cela, vous pouvez
supprimer cette ligne de votre configuration et reconfigurer pour empêcher la
connexion directe en root."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2147
+msgid "Save your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as
@file{@var{<your-username-here>}_rsa.pub} and your @file{guix-config.scm} in
the same directory. In a new terminal run these commands."
+msgstr "Enregistrez votre clé ssh publique (ex : @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub})
dans @file{@var{<votre-nom-d'utilisateur>}_rsa.pub} et votre
@file{guix-config.scm} dans le même répertoire. Dans un nouveau terminal lancez
ces commandes."
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2152
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
+"put /home/<username>/ssh/id_rsa.pub .\n"
+"put /path/to/linode/guix-config.scm .\n"
+msgstr ""
+"sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
+"put /home/<username>/ssh/id_rsa.pub .\n"
+"put /path/to/linode/guix-config.scm .\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2155
+msgid "In your first terminal, mount the guix drive:"
+msgstr "Dans votre premier terminal, montez le disque guix :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2159
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
+"mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
+"mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2164
+msgid "Due to the way we set things up above, we do not install GRUB
completely. Instead we install only our grub configuration file. So we need
to copy over some of the other GRUB stuff that is already there:"
+msgstr "À cause de la manière dont nous avons paramétré les choses au-dessus,
nous n'installons pas GRUB complètement. Au lieu de cela, nous installons
seulement notre fichier de configuration grub. Donc on doit copier certains
fichiers GRUB déjà présents :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2168
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
+"cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
+"cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2171
+msgid "Now initialize the Guix installation:"
+msgstr "Maintenant initialisez l'installation de Guix :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2174
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
+msgstr "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2178
+msgid "Ok, power it down! Now from the Linode console, select boot and select
\"Guix\"."
+msgstr "Ok, éteignez maintenant le serveur ! Depuis la console Linode,
démarrez et choisissez « Guix »."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2181
+msgid "Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config
will have changed though.) You may encounter an error like:"
+msgstr "Une fois démarré, vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en SSH ! (La
configuration du serveur aura cependant changé). Vous pouvez rencontrer une
erreur de ce type :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2197
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
+"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
+"@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @\n"
+"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
+"IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
+"Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
+"It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
+"The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
+"SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
+"Please contact your system administrator.\n"
+"Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this
message.\n"
+"Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
+"ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict
checking.\n"
+"Host key verification failed.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
+"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
+"@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @\n"
+"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
+"IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
+"Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
+"It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
+"The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
+"SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
+"Please contact your system administrator.\n"
+"Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this
message.\n"
+"Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
+"ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict
checking.\n"
+"Host key verification failed.\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2201
+msgid "Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending
line starting with your server IP address."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez soit supprimer @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts}, soit supprimer
la ligne qui pose problème, qui commence par l'adresse IP de votre serveur."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2203
+msgid "Be sure to set your password and root's password."
+msgstr "Assurez-vous de configurer votre mot de passe et celui de root."
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2208
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
+"passwd ; for the root password\n"
+"passwd <username> ; for the user password\n"
+msgstr ""
+"ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
+"passwd ; pour le mot de passe root\n"
+"passwd <username> ; pour le mot de passe utilisateur\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2215
+msgid "You may not be able to run the above commands at this point. If you
have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may still
need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on the ``Launch
Console'' option in your linode. Choose the ``Glish'' instead of ``Weblish''.
Now you should be able to ssh into the machine."
+msgstr "Il se peut que vous ne puissiez pas lancer les commandes précédentes
si vous n'arrivez pas à vous connecter à distance via SSH, auquel cas vous
devrez peut-être configurer vos mot de passes utilisateurs et root en cliquant
sur « Launch Console » dans votre espace Linode. Choisissez « Glish » au lieu
de « Weblish ». Maintenant vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en ssh à la
machine."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2219
+msgid "Horray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the Debian
disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size. Congratulations!"
+msgstr "Hourra ! Maintenant vous pouvez étendre le serveur, supprimer le
disque Debian et redimensionner celui de Guix. Bravo !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2224
+msgid "By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll
have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to down-size the
Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image. Then you can resize it again to
the max size."
+msgstr "Au fait, si vous sauvegardez le résultat dans une image disque
maintenant, vous pourrez plus facilement démarrer de nouvelles images de guix !
Vous devrez peut-être réduire la taille de l'image Guix à 6144 Mo, pour la
sauvegarder en tant qu'image. Ensuite vous pouvez redimensionner la partition à
la taille maximum."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2233
+msgid "To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions
before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition. In this
example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to @file{/tmp},
to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without dedicating an entire
partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}."
+msgstr "Pour dupliquer le montage d'un système de fichier (@i{bind mount}), on
doit d'abord ajouter quelques définitions avant la section
@code{operating-system} de la définition de système d'exploitation. Dans cet
exemple nous allons dupliquer le montage d'un dossier d'un disque dur vers
@file{/tmp}, pour éviter d'épuiser le SSD principal, sans dédier une partition
entière à @file{/tmp}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2236
+msgid "First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount
should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it."
+msgstr "Déjà, le disque source qui héberge de dossier dont nous voulons
dupliquer le montage doit être défini, pour que le montage dupliqué puisse en
dépendre."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2243
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define source-drive ;; \"source-drive\" can be named anything you want.\n"
+" (file-system\n"
+" (device (uuid \"UUID goes here\"))\n"
+" (mount-point \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here\")\n"
+" (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for
your drive.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define source-drive ;; vous pouvez nommer « source-drive » comme vous le
souhaitez.\n"
+" (file-system\n"
+" (device (uuid \"indiquez l'UUID ici\"))\n"
+" (mount-point \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur\")\n"
+" (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Assurez-vous d'indiquer le bon type pour la
partition\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2247
+msgid "The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not
a regular block device, but a folder."
+msgstr "Le dossier source doit aussi être défini, pour que guix sache qu'il ne
s'agit pas d'un périphérique bloc, mais d'un dossier."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2249
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(define (%source-directory) \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp\")
;; \"source-directory\" can be named any valid variable name.\n"
+msgstr "(define (%source-directory) \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur/tmp\") ;;
vous pouvez nommer « source-directory » comme vous le souhaitez.\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2253
+msgid "Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the
mount itself."
+msgstr "Enfin, dans la définition @code{file-systems}, on doit ajouter le
montage lui-même."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2256
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(file-systems (cons*\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(file-systems (cons*\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2258
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2260
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive
in the earlier definition.\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" source-drive ;; Doit correspondre au nom que vous avez donné
au disque source dans la définition précédente.\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2268
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" (file-system\n"
+" (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure
\"source-directory\" matches your earlier definition.\n"
+" (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
+" (type \"none\") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a
partition, so this type needs to be \"none\"\n"
+" (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
+" (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure
\"source-drive\" matches what you've named the variable for the drive.\n"
+" )\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" (file-system\n"
+" (device (%source-directory)) ;; Assurez-vous que «
source-directory » corresponde à la définition précédente.\n"
+" (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
+" (type \"none\") ;; On monte un dossier, pas une partition,
donc le montage est de type « none »\n"
+" (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
+" (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Assurez-vous que «
source-drive » corresponde au nom de la variable pour le disque.\n"
+" )\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2270
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2272
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " ))\n"
+msgstr " ))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2279
+msgid "Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are
configuring it to get them via Tor."
+msgstr "Le démon Guix peut utiliser un mandataire HTTP pour récupérer des
substituts. Nous le configurons ici pour les récupérer par Tor."
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2280
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Warning"
+msgstr "Attention"
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2286
+msgid "@emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only
HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections will still
go through the clearnet. Again, this configuration isn't foolproof some of
your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all. Use it at your own risk."
+msgstr "@emph{Tout} le trafic du démon de passera @emph{pas} par Tor ! Seuls
HTTP/HTTPS passer par le mandataire ; les connexions FTP, avec le protocol Git,
SSH, etc, passeront toujours par le réseau en clair. De nouveau, cette
configuration n'est pas parfaite et une partie de votre trafic ne sera pas
routé par Tor du tout. Utilisez-la à vos risques et périls."
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2292
+msgid "Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package
substitution. When you update your guix distribution with @command{guix pull},
you still need to use @command{torsocks} if you want to route the connection to
guix's git repository servers through Tor."
+msgstr "Remarquez aussi que la procédure décrite ici ne s'applique qu'à la
substitution de paquets. Lorsque vous mettez à jour la distribution avec
@command{guix pull}, vous aurez encore besoin de @command{torsocks} si vous
voulez router la connexion vers les serveurs de dépôts git à travers Tor."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2297
+msgid "Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want
to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as follow:"
+msgstr "Le serveur de substitut de Guix est disponible sur un service Onion.
Si vous voulez l'utiliser pour récupérer des substituts par Tor, configurez
votre système de cette manière :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2301
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-module base networking)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-module base networking)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2317
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" …\n"
+" (services\n"
+" (cons\n"
+" (service tor-service-type\n"
+" (tor-configuration\n"
+" (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
+" \"HTTPTunnelPort
127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
+" (modify-services %base-services\n"
+" (guix-service-type\n"
+" config => (guix-configuration\n"
+" (inherit config)\n"
+" ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service\n"
+" (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
+" (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+" …\n"
+" (services\n"
+" (cons\n"
+" (service tor-service-type\n"
+" (tor-configuration\n"
+" (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
+" \"HTTPTunnelPort
127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
+" (modify-services %base-services\n"
+" (guix-service-type\n"
+" config => (guix-configuration\n"
+" (inherit config)\n"
+" ;; service Onion de ci.guix.gnu.org\n"
+" (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
+" (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2326
+msgid "This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT
tunnel which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}. The daemon can use other
protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those protocols
won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel here. Note that
@code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or it won't work, that's a
limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use @command{privoxy} instead to
avoid such limitations."
+msgstr "Cela fera tourner le processus tor et fournira un tunnel HTTP CONNECT
qui sera utilisé par @command{guix-daemon}. Le démon peut utiliser d'autres
protocoles que HTTP(S) pour récupérer des ressources distantes. Les requêtes
utilisant ces protocoles ne passeront pas par Tor puisqu'il s'agit d'un tunnel
HTTP uniquement. Remarquez que @code{substitutes-urls} doit utiliser HTTPS et
non HTTP, sinon ça ne fonctionne pas. C'est une limite du tunnel de Tor ; vous
voudrez peut-être utilise [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2330
+msgid "If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it
just some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}. When you want
to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run:"
+msgstr "Si vous ne voulez pas toute le temps récupérer des substituts à
travers Tor mais l'utiliser seulement de temps en temps, alors ne modifiez pas
l'objet @code{guix-configuration}. Lorsque vous voulez récupérer un substitut
par le tunnel Tor, lancez :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2334
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
+"guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"
+msgstr ""
+"sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
+"guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2338
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
+msgstr "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2341
+msgid "NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts."
+msgstr "Les fonctionnalités de NGINX peuvent être étendues avec des scripts
Lua."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2344
+msgid "Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and
specific Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts."
+msgstr "Guix fournit un service NGINX qui est capable de charger des modules
et des paquets Lua spécifiques, et de répondre aux requêtes en évaluant des
scripts Lua."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2348
+msgid "The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration
to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to
@uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint:"
+msgstr "L'exemple suivant montre une définition de système avec une
configuration qui évalue le script Lua @file{index.lua} lors d'une requête HTTP
à @uref{http://localhost/hello} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2351
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2355
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"local stdin = \"\"\n"
+"local timeout = 1000 -- ms\n"
+"local max_size = 4096 -- byte\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"local stdin = \"\"\n"
+"local timeout = 1000 -- ms\n"
+"local max_size = 4096 -- byte\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2358
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
+" shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout,
max_size)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
+" shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout,
max_size)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2360
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
+msgstr "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2391
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
+"(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (services\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (service nginx-service-type\n"
+" (nginx-configuration\n"
+" (modules\n"
+" (list\n"
+" (file-append nginx-lua-module
\"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
+" (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
+" lua-resty-lrucache\n"
+" lua-resty-signal\n"
+" lua-tablepool\n"
+" lua-resty-shell))\n"
+" (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
+" (server-blocks\n"
+" (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
+" (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
+" (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
+" (root \"/etc\")\n"
+" (locations (list\n"
+" (nginx-location-configuration\n"
+" (uri \"/hello\")\n"
+" (body (list #~(format #f
\"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
+" #$(local-file
\"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
+"(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
+"(operating-system\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (services\n"
+" ;; …\n"
+" (service nginx-service-type\n"
+" (nginx-configuration\n"
+" (modules\n"
+" (list\n"
+" (file-append nginx-lua-module
\"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
+" (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
+" lua-resty-lrucache\n"
+" lua-resty-signal\n"
+" lua-tablepool\n"
+" lua-resty-shell))\n"
+" (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
+" (server-blocks\n"
+" (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
+" (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
+" (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
+" (root \"/etc\")\n"
+" (locations (list\n"
+" (nginx-location-configuration\n"
+" (uri \"/hello\")\n"
+" (body (list #~(format #f
\"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
+" #$(local-file
\"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2402
+msgid "Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond
what more traditional package managers can do. To the uninitiated, those
features might not have obvious use cases at first. The purpose of this
chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management concepts."
+msgstr "Guix est un gestionnaire de paquets fonctionnel qui propose de
nombreuses fonctionnalités en plus de ce que les gestionnaires de paquets
traditionnels peuvent faire. Pour quelqu'un qui n'est pas initié, ces
fonctionnalités peuvent ne pas paraître utiles au premier coup d'œil. Le but de
ce chapitre est de vous montrer certains concepts avancés en gestion de
paquets."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2405
+msgid "@pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a
complete reference."
+msgstr "@pxref{Gestion des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU
Guix} pour une référence complète."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2410
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2411
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix Profiles in Practice"
+msgstr "Les profils Guix en pratique"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408
+msgid "Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests."
+msgstr "Stratégies pour gérer plusieurs profils et manifestes."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2416
+msgid "Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to
newcomers: @emph{profiles}. They are a way to group package installations
together and all users on the same system are free to use as many profiles as
they want."
+msgstr "Guix fournit une fonctionnalité utile que peut être plutôt étrange
pour les débutants et débutantes : les @emph{profils}. C'est une manière de
regrouper l'installation de paquets ensemble et chaque utilisateur ou
utilisatrice du même système peuvent avoir autant de profils que souhaité."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2421
+msgid "Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles
bring you great power and flexibility. While they shift the paradigm somewhat
compared to @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to
use once you've understood how to set them up."
+msgstr "Que vous programmiez ou non, vous trouverez sans doute plus de
flexibilité et de possibilité avec plusieurs profils. Bien qu'ils changent un
peu du paradigme des @emph{gestionnaires de paquets traditionnels}, ils sont
pratiques à utiliser une fois que vous avec saisi comment les configurer."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2427
+msgid "If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a
profile as a kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of
software whatsoever, not just Python software. Furthermore, profiles are
self-sufficient: they capture all the runtime dependencies which guarantees
that all programs within a profile will always work at any point in time."
+msgstr "Si vous connaissez @samp{virtualenv} de Python, vous pouvez
conceptualiser un profil comme une sorte de @samp{virtualenv} universel qui
peut contenir n'importe quel sorte de logiciel, pas seulement du code Python.
En plus, les profils sont auto-suffisants : ils capturent toutes les
dépendances à l'exécution qui garantissent que tous les programmes d'un profil
fonctionneront toujours à tout instant."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2429
+msgid "Multiple profiles have many benefits:"
+msgstr "Avoir plusieurs profils présente de nombreux intérêts :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2433
+msgid "Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for
different contexts."
+msgstr "Une séparation sémantique claire des divers paquets dont vous avez
besoin pour différents contextes."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2437
+msgid "Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on
login or within a dedicated shell."
+msgstr "On peut rendre plusieurs profils disponibles dans l'environnement soit
à la connexion, soit dans un shell dédié."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2441
+msgid "Profiles can be loaded on demand. For instance, the user can use
multiple shells, each of them running different profiles."
+msgstr "Les profils peuvent être chargés à la demande. Par exemple, vous
pouvez utiliser plusieurs shells, chacun dans un profil différent."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2446
+msgid "Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the
other, and the user can even install different versions of the same programs to
the two profiles without conflict."
+msgstr "L'isolation : les programmes d'un profil n'utiliseront pas ceux d'un
autre, et vous pouvez même installe plusieurs versions d'un même programme dans
deux profils différents, sans conflit."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2450
+msgid "Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact
same. This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient."
+msgstr "Déduplication : les profils partagent les dépendances qui sont
exactement les mêmes. Avoir plusieurs profils ne gâche donc pas d'espace."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2458
+msgid "Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be
fully specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up. This
means that the exact same profile can be
@uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/,
set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information. See the
section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
+msgstr "Reproductible : lorsque vous utilisez des manifestes déclaratifs, un
profil peut être entièrement spécifié par le commit Guix qui a été utilisé pour
le créer. Cela signifie que vous pouvez
@uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/,
recréer n'importe où et à n'importe quel moment} exactement le même profil,
avec juste l'information du numéro de commit. Voir la section sur les
@ref{Reproducible profiles}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2462
+msgid "Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep
package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless."
+msgstr "Des mises à jours et une maintenance plus faciles : avoir plusieurs
profils facilite la gestion des listes de paquets à la main."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2465
+msgid "Concretely, here follows some typical profiles:"
+msgstr "Concrètement voici des profils courants :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2469
+msgid "The dependencies of a project you are working on."
+msgstr "Les dépendances d'un projet sur lequel vous travaillez."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2472
+msgid "Your favourite programming language libraries."
+msgstr "Des bibliothèques de votre langage de programmation favori."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2475
+msgid "Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on
a desktop."
+msgstr "Des programmes spécifiques pour les ordinateurs portables (comme
@samp{powertop}) dont vous n'avez pas besoin sur un ordinateur de bureau."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2479
+msgid "@TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just
one package for this one document you've just received over email)."
+msgstr "@TeX{}live (il peut être bien pratique si vous avez besoin d'installer
un seul paquet pour un document que vous avez reçu par courriel)."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2482
+msgid "Games."
+msgstr "Jeux."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2485
+msgid "Let's dive in the set up!"
+msgstr "Voyons cela de plus près !"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2486 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2487
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Basic setup with manifests"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2491
+msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest
specification} that looks like this:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2501
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(specifications->manifest\n"
+" '(\"package-1\"\n"
+" ;; Version 1.3 of package-2.\n"
+" \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
+" ;; The \"lib\" output of package-3.\n"
+" \"package-3:lib\"\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" \"package-N\"))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(specifications->manifest\n"
+" '(\"package-1\"\n"
+" ;; Version 1.3 de package-2.\n"
+" \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
+" ;; La sortie « lib » de package-3.\n"
+" \"package-3:lib\"\n"
+" ; ...\n"
+" \"package-N\"))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2505
+msgid "@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for
the syntax details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2507
+msgid "We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them
this way:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2512
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
+"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # if it does not exist yet\n"
+"guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm
--profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+msgstr ""
+"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
+"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # s'il n'existe pas encore\n"
+"guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm
--profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2516
+msgid "Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point
to the directory where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2522
+msgid "Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile
getting its own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner. This way, each
sub-directory will contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile.
Besides, ``looping over profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming
language (e.g.@: a shell script) by simply looping over the sub-directories of
@samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2524
+msgid "Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2527
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package --list-profiles\n"
+msgstr "guix package --list-profiles\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2530
+msgid "although you'll probably have to filter out
@file{~/.config/guix/current}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2532
+msgid "To enable all profiles on login, add this to your
@file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2542
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
+" profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
+" if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
+" GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
+" . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+" fi\n"
+" unset profile\n"
+"done\n"
+msgstr ""
+"for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
+" profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
+" if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
+" GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
+" . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+" fi\n"
+" unset profile\n"
+"done\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2547
+msgid "Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile
@file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being
loaded by @file{~/.bashrc} by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2549
+msgid "You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2559
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1
\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
+" profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
+" if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
+" GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
+" . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+" fi\n"
+" unset profile\n"
+"done\n"
+msgstr ""
+"for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1
\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
+" profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
+" if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
+" GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
+" . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+" fi\n"
+" unset profile\n"
+"done\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2563
+msgid "When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an
individual shell without \"polluting\" the rest of the user session:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2566
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+msgstr "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; .
\"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2573
+msgid "The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its
@samp{etc/profile} file. This file contains shell code that exports the right
environment variables necessary to activate the software contained in the
profile. It is built automatically by Guix and meant to be sourced. It
contains the same variables you would get if you ran:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2576
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
+msgstr "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2580
+msgid "Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix
Reference Manual}) for the command line options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2582
+msgid "To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2585
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p
\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2591
+msgid "To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them. For
instance, assuming your manifest specifications are stored in
@file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being
the name of the profile (e.g.@: \"project1\"), you could do the following in
Bourne shell:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2596
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
+" guix package --profile=\"$profile\"
--manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
+"done\n"
+msgstr ""
+"for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
+" guix package --profile=\"$profile\"
--manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
+"done\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2599
+msgid "Each profile has its own generations:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2602
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project
--list-generations\n"
+msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project
--list-generations\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2605
+msgid "You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2608
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project
--switch-generations=17\n"
+msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project
--switch-generations=17\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2612
+msgid "Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the
current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2616
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
+". my-project/etc/profile\n"
+msgstr ""
+"env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
+". my-project/etc/profile\n"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2618 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2619
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Required packages"
+msgstr "Paquets requis"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2624
+msgid "Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of
environmental variables. This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the
profile."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: emph{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2627
+msgid "Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume
them will be set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2631
+msgid "For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer
application for man pages within the profile. So if you need to transparently
access man pages once the profile is loaded, you've got two options:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2635
+msgid "Either export the variable manually, e.g."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2637
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
+msgstr "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2641
+msgid "Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2645
+msgid "The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install
@samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2646 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2647
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Default profile"
+msgstr "Profil par défaut"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2650
+msgid "What about the default profile that Guix keeps in
@file{~/.guix-profile}?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2653
+msgid "You can assign it the role you want. Typically you would install the
manifest of the packages you want to use all the time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2657
+msgid "Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away
packages that you would just use for a couple of days. This way makes it
convenient to run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2661
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"guix install package-foo\n"
+"guix upgrade package-bar\n"
+msgstr ""
+"guix install package-foo\n"
+"guix upgrade package-bar\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2664
+msgid "without having to specify the path to a profile."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2665 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2666
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The benefits of manifests"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2670
+msgid "Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and,
say, to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control
system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2674
+msgid "A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install
when they contain large number of packages. This is especially cumbersome when
you just want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2679
+msgid "This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be
just perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically
connected packages. Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility
and usability."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2681
+msgid "Manifests come with multiple benefits. In particular, they ease
maintenance:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2689
+msgid "When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is
self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile
later or on a different system. For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to generate
a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions for the
packages that don't use the default version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2694
+msgid "@code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that
have propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do. Guix manifests remove
this problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2700
+msgid "When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to
diverging dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and
they can be annoying to resolve manually. Manifests remove this problem
altogether since all packages are always upgraded at once."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2706
+msgid "As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while
the imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since
they produce different profiles every time even when they hold the same
packages. See @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related
discussion on the matter}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2714
+msgid "Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands. For
example, you can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many
substitutes are available, which can help you decide whether you want to try
upgrading today or wait a while. Another example: you can run @code{guix pack
-m manifest.scm} to create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest
(and their transitive references)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2718
+msgid "Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{<manifest>}
record type. They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix
@uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2726
+msgid "It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to
declare profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side
effect that they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being
garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})
and ensures that they will still be available at any point in the future."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2728
+msgid "Let's take an example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2734
+msgid "We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a
Guix package yet. We build the environment using a manifest, and then run
@code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. So far so good."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2740
+msgid "Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the
mean time. Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may
have run @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been
garbage-collected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2745
+msgid "Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix
environment -m manifest.scm}. But now we have to wait for Guix to build and
install stuff!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2751
+msgid "Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time. And indeed we can, all we
need is to install the manifest to a profile and use
@code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} as explained
above: this guarantees that our hacking environment will be available at all
times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2754
+msgid "@emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be
convenient, keep in mind that outdated packages may not have received the
latest security fixes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2755 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2756
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Reproducible profiles"
+msgstr "Profils reproductibles"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2759
+msgid "To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2763
+msgid "a manifest,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2765
+msgid "a Guix channel specification."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2769
+msgid "Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions
(or different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2773
+msgid "You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe
--format=channels}. Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2776
+msgid "On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the
manifest to reproduce the exact same profile:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2780
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
+"GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
+"GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2783
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
+"guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile
\"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
+"guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile
\"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
+"\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package
--manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm
--profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
+"\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package
--manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm
--profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2790
+msgid "It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with
the channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2797
+msgid "Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment. This chapter
demonstrate such utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2802
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2803
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix environment via direnv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800
+msgid "Setup Guix environment with direnv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2808
+msgid "Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after
directory change. This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix environment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2814
+msgid "The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc}
file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in @file{~/src/guix/.envrc}
file to setup a build environment similar to described in @pxref{Building from
Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2816
+msgid "Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2834
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# Thanks
<https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
+"export_function()\n"
+"@{\n"
+" local name=$1\n"
+" local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
+" mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
+" PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
+" local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
+" if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
+" echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
+" declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
+" # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger.\n"
+" echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
+" chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
+" fi\n"
+"@}\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Grâce à
<https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
+"export_function()\n"
+"@{\n"
+" local name=$1\n"
+" local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
+" mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
+" PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
+" local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
+" if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
+" echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
+" declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
+" # Remarquez qu'on ajoute des variables shells au déclencheur de la
fonction.\n"
+" echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
+" chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
+" fi\n"
+"@}\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2839
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"use_guix()\n"
+"@{\n"
+" # Set GitHub token.\n"
+" export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"use_guix()\n"
+"@{\n"
+" # indique un jeton Github.\n"
+" export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2842
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.\n"
+" export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" # Nettoie « GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH ».\n"
+" export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2851
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Recreate a garbage collector root.\n"
+" gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
+" mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
+" gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
+" if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
+" then\n"
+" rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
+" fi\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" # Recrée une racine du ramasse miettes.\n"
+" gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
+" mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
+" gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
+" if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
+" then\n"
+" rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
+" fi\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2866
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Miscellaneous packages.\n"
+" PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
+" direnv\n"
+" git\n"
+" git:send-email\n"
+" git-cal\n"
+" gnupg\n"
+" guile-colorized\n"
+" guile-readline\n"
+" less\n"
+" ncurses\n"
+" openssh\n"
+" xdot\n"
+" )\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" # Divers paquets.\n"
+" PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
+" direnv\n"
+" git\n"
+" git:send-email\n"
+" git-cal\n"
+" gnupg\n"
+" guile-colorized\n"
+" guile-readline\n"
+" less\n"
+" ncurses\n"
+" openssh\n"
+" xdot\n"
+" )\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2869
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Environment packages.\n"
+" PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" # Paquets de l'environnement.\n"
+" PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2872
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Thanks
<https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
+" eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix
--ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+" # Grâce à
<https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
+" eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix
--ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2879
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Predefine configure flags.\n"
+" configure()\n"
+" @{\n"
+" ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
+" @}\n"
+" export_function configure\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2890
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Run make and optionally build something.\n"
+" build()\n"
+" @{\n"
+" make -j 2\n"
+" if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
+" then\n"
+" ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
+" fi\n"
+" @}\n"
+" export_function build\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2897
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Predefine push Git command.\n"
+" push()\n"
+" @{\n"
+" git push --set-upstream origin\n"
+" @}\n"
+" export_function push\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2900
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" clear # Clean up the screen.\n"
+" git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar.\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2908
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" # Show commands help.\n"
+" echo \"\n"
+"build build a package or just a project if no argument provided\n"
+"configure run ./configure with predefined parameters\n"
+"push push to upstream Git repository\n"
+"\"\n"
+"@}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2912
+msgid "Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix}
will have predefined environment variables and procedures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2914
+msgid "Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2926
+msgid "Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package
manager}, which was designed and implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with
contributions from other people (see the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.) Nix
pioneered functional package management, and promoted unprecedented features,
such as transactional package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and
referentially transparent build processes. Without this work, Guix would not
exist."
+msgstr "Guix se base sur le @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/ gestionnaire de
paquets Nix} conçu et implémenté par Eelco Dolstra, avec des contributions
d'autres personnes (voir le fichier @file{nix/AUTHORS} dans Guix). Nix a
inventé la gestion de paquet fonctionnelle et promu des fonctionnalités sans
précédents comme les mises à jour de paquets transactionnelles et les retours
en arrière, les profils par utilisateurs et les processus de constructions
transparents pour les références. Sans [...]
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2929
+msgid "The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been
an inspiration for Guix."
+msgstr "Les distributions logicielles basées sur Nix, Nixpkgs et NixOS, ont
aussi été une inspiration pour Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2935
+msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a
number of people. See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more information on
these fine people. The @file{THANKS} file lists people who have helped by
reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, providing artwork and
themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!"
+msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix lui-même est un travail collectif avec des contributions
d'un grand nombre de personnes. Voyez le fichier @file{AUTHORS} dans Guix pour
plus d'information sur ces personnes de qualité. Le fichier @file{THANKS}
liste les personnes qui ont aidé en rapportant des bogues, en prenant soin de
l'infrastructure, en fournissant des images et des thèmes, en faisant des
suggestions et bien plus. Merci !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2938
+msgid "This document includes adapted sections from articles that have
previously been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2943
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "license, GNU Free Documentation License"
+msgstr "licence, GNU Free Documentation License"
+
+#. type: include
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2944
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "fdl-1.3.texi"
+msgstr "fdl-1.3.texi"