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Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v
|
From: |
Jim Meyering |
|
Subject: |
Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v |
|
Date: |
Wed, 22 Mar 2023 22:55:25 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/grep
Module name: grep
Changes by: Jim Meyering <meyering> 23/03/22 22:55:22
Index: grep.txt
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/grep/grep/manual/grep.txt,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- grep.txt 3 Sep 2022 19:33:14 -0000 1.33
+++ grep.txt 23 Mar 2023 02:55:19 -0000 1.34
@@ -34,18 +34,18 @@
âgrepâ prints lines that contain a match for one or more patterns.
- This manual is for version 3.8 of GNU Grep.
+ This manual is for version 3.10 of GNU Grep.
This manual is for âgrepâ, a pattern matching engine.
- Copyright © 1999â2002, 2005, 2008â2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright © 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
- the section entitled âGNU Free Documentation Licenseâ.
+ the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
1 Introduction
**************
@@ -127,14 +127,14 @@
characters that differ only in case match each other. Although
this is straightforward when letters differ in case only via
lowercase-uppercase pairs, the behavior is unspecified in other
- situations. For example, uppercase âSâ has an unusual lowercase
- counterpart âÅ¿â (Unicode character U+017F, LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG
+ situations. For example, uppercase "S" has an unusual lowercase
+ counterpart "Å¿" (Unicode character U+017F, LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG
S) in many locales, and it is unspecified whether this unusual
- character matches âSâ or âsâ even though uppercasing it yields
âSâ.
- Another example: the lowercase German letter âÃâ (U+00DF, LATIN
+ character matches "S" or "s" even though uppercasing it yields "S".
+ Another example: the lowercase German letter "Ã" (U+00DF, LATIN
SMALL LETTER SHARP S) is normally capitalized as the two-character
- string âSSâ but it does not match âSSâ, and it might not match the
- uppercase letter âáºâ (U+1E9E, LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S) even
+ string "SS" but it does not match "SS", and it might not match the
+ uppercase letter "áº" (U+1E9E, LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S) even
though lowercasing the latter yields the former.
â-yâ is an obsolete synonym that is provided for compatibility.
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
WHEN is âalwaysâ to use colors, âneverâ to not use colors, or
âautoâ to use colors if standard output is associated with a
- terminal device and the âTERMâ environment variableâs value
+ terminal device and the âTERMâ environment variable's value
suggests that the terminal supports colors. Plain â--colorâ is
treated like â--color=autoâ; if no â--colorâ option is given, the
default is â--color=neverâ.
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
â--label=LABELâ
Display input actually coming from standard input as input coming
from file LABEL. This can be useful for commands that transform a
- fileâs contents before searching; e.g.:
+ file's contents before searching; e.g.:
gzip -cd foo.gz | grep --label=foo -H 'some pattern'
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@
â--binary-files=textâ option.
â--binary-files=TYPEâ
- If a fileâs data or metadata indicate that the file contains binary
+ If a file's data or metadata indicate that the file contains binary
data, assume that the file is of type TYPE. Non-text bytes
indicate binary data; these are either output bytes that are
improperly encoded for the current locale (*note Environment
@@ -512,13 +512,13 @@
â-Uâ
â--binaryâ
On platforms that distinguish between text and binary I/O, use the
- latter when reading and writing files other than the userâs
+ latter when reading and writing files other than the user's
terminal, so that all input bytes are read and written as-is. This
overrides the default behavior where âgrepâ follows the operating
- systemâs advice whether to use text or binary I/O. On MS-Windows
- when âgrepâ uses text I/O it reads a carriage returnânewline pair
+ system's advice whether to use text or binary I/O. On MS-Windows
+ when âgrepâ uses text I/O it reads a carriage return-newline pair
as a newline and a Control-Z as end-of-file, and it writes a
- newline as a carriage returnânewline pair.
+ newline as a carriage return-newline pair.
When using text I/O â--byte-offsetâ (â-bâ) counts and
â--binary-filesâ heuristics apply to input data after text-I/O
@@ -567,14 +567,13 @@
âGREP_COLORS='mt=COLOR'â.
âGREP_COLORSâ
- This variable specifies the colors and other attributes used to
- highlight various parts of the output. Its value is a
- colon-separated list of âterminfoâ capabilities that defaults to
- âms=01;31:mc=01;31:sl=:cx=:fn=35:ln=32:bn=32:se=36â with the ârvâ
- and âneâ boolean capabilities omitted (i.e., false). The
- two-letter capability names refer to terminal âcapabilities,â the
- ability of a terminal to highlight text, or change its color, and
- so on. These capabilities are stored in an online database and
+ This variable controls how the â--colorâ option highlights output.
+ Its value is a colon-separated list of âterminfoâ capabilities that
+ defaults to âms=01;31:mc=01;31:sl=:cx=:fn=35:ln=32:bn=32:se=36â
+ with the ârvâ and âneâ boolean capabilities omitted (i.e., false).
+ The two-letter capability names refer to terminal "capabilities,"
+ the ability of a terminal to highlight text, or change its color,
+ and so on. These capabilities are stored in an online database and
accessed by the âterminfoâ library. Non-empty capability values
control highlighting using Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) commands
interpreted by the terminal or terminal emulator. (See the section
@@ -600,7 +599,7 @@
lines when â-vâ is specified). If however the boolean ârvâ
capability and the â-vâ command-line option are both
specified, it applies to context matching lines instead. The
- default is empty (i.e., the terminalâs default color pair).
+ default is empty (i.e., the terminal's default color pair).
âcx=â
SGR substring for whole context lines (i.e., non-matching
@@ -608,7 +607,7 @@
matching lines when â-vâ is specified). If however the
boolean ârvâ capability and the â-vâ command-line option are
both specified, it applies to selected non-matching lines
- instead. The default is empty (i.e., the terminalâs default
+ instead. The default is empty (i.e., the terminal's default
color pair).
ârvâ
@@ -643,17 +642,17 @@
âfn=35â
SGR substring for file names prefixing any content line. The
- default is a magenta text foreground over the terminalâs
+ default is a magenta text foreground over the terminal's
default background.
âln=32â
SGR substring for line numbers prefixing any content line.
- The default is a green text foreground over the terminalâs
+ The default is a green text foreground over the terminal's
default background.
âbn=32â
SGR substring for byte offsets prefixing any content line.
- The default is a green text foreground over the terminalâs
+ The default is a green text foreground over the terminal's
default background.
âse=36â
@@ -661,7 +660,7 @@
selected line fields (â:â), between context line fields
(â-â),
and between groups of adjacent lines when nonzero context is
specified (â--â). The default is a cyan text foreground over
- the terminalâs default background.
+ the terminal's default background.
âneâ
Boolean value that prevents clearing to the end of line using
@@ -710,16 +709,6 @@
This variable specifies the output terminal type, which can affect
what the â--colorâ option does. *Note General Output Control::.
-â_N_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_â
- (Here âNâ is âgrepââs numeric process ID.) If the Ith character
of
- this environment variableâs value is â1â, do not consider the Ith
- operand of âgrepâ to be an option, even if it appears to be one. A
- shell can put this variable in the environment for each command it
- runs, specifying which operands are the results of file name
- wildcard expansion and therefore should not be treated as options.
- This behavior is available only with the GNU C library, and only
- when âPOSIXLY_CORRECTâ is not set.
-
The âGREP_OPTIONSâ environment variable of âgrepâ 2.20 and earlier
is
no longer supported, as it caused problems when writing portable
scripts. To make arbitrary changes to how âgrepâ works, you can use an
@@ -773,6 +762,35 @@
âgrep -Pâ may warn of unimplemented features. *Note Other
Options::.
+ For documentation, refer to <https://www.pcre.org/>, with these
+ caveats:
+ ⢠â\dâ matches only the ten ASCII digits (and â\Dâ matches
the
+ complement), regardless of locale. Use â\p{Nd}â to also match
+ non-ASCII digits.
+
+ When âgrepâ is built with PCRE2 10.42 and earlier, â\dâ and
+ â\Dâ ignore in-regexp directives like â(?aD)â and work like
+ â[0-9]â and â[^0-9]â respectively. However, later versions
of
+ PCRE2 likely will fix this, and the plan is for âgrepâ to
+ respect those directives if possible.
+
+ ⢠Although PCRE tracks the syntax and semantics of Perl's
+ regular expressions, the match is not always exact, partly
+ because Perl evolves and a Perl installation may predate or
+ postdate the PCRE2 installation on the same host.
+
+ ⢠By default, âgrepâ applies each regexp to a line at a time, so
+ the â(?s)â directive (making â.â match line breaks) is
+ generally ineffective. However, with â-zâ (â--null-dataâ) it
+ can work:
+ $ printf 'a\nb\n' |grep -zP '(?s)a.b'
+ a
+ b
+ But beware: with the â-zâ (â--null-dataâ) and a file
+ containing no NUL byte, grep must read the entire file into
+ memory before processing any of it. Thus, it will exhaust
+ memory and fail for some large files.
+
3 Regular Expressions
*********************
@@ -781,14 +799,15 @@
expressions, by using various operators to combine smaller expressions.
âgrepâ understands three different versions of regular expression
syntax: basic (BRE), extended (ERE), and Perl-compatible (PCRE). In GNU
-âgrepâ, there is no difference in available functionality between basic
-and extended syntax. In other implementations, basic regular
-expressions are less powerful. The following description applies to
-extended regular expressions; differences for basic regular expressions
-are summarized afterwards. Perl-compatible regular expressions give
-additional functionality, and are documented in the pcre2syntax(3) and
-pcre2pattern(3) manual pages, but work only if PCRE is available in the
-system.
+âgrepâ, basic and extended regular expressions are merely different
+notations for the same pattern-matching functionality. In other
+implementations, basic regular expressions are ordinarily less powerful
+than extended, though occasionally it is the other way around. The
+following description applies to extended regular expressions;
+differences for basic regular expressions are summarized afterwards.
+Perl-compatible regular expressions have different functionality, and
+are documented in the pcre2syntax(3) and pcre2pattern(3) manual pages,
+but work only if PCRE is available in the system.
3.1 Fundamental Structure
=========================
@@ -934,7 +953,7 @@
expressions.
â]â
- ends the bracket expression if itâs not the first list item. So,
+ ends the bracket expression if it's not the first list item. So,
if you want to make the â]â character a list item, you must put it
first.
@@ -958,7 +977,7 @@
represents the close character class symbol.
â-â
- represents the range if itâs not first or last in a list or the
+ represents the range if it's not first or last in a list or the
ending point of a range. To make the â-â a list item, it is best
to put it last.
@@ -977,7 +996,7 @@
Match the empty string at the edge of a word.
â\Bâ
- Match the empty string provided itâs not at the edge of a word.
+ Match the empty string provided it's not at the edge of a word.
â\<â
Match the empty string at the beginning of a word.
@@ -1017,7 +1036,7 @@
The caret â^â and the dollar sign â$â are special characters that
respectively match the empty string at the beginning and end of a line.
-They are termed âanchorsâ, since they force the match to be âanchoredâ
+They are termed âanchorsâ, since they force the match to be "anchored"
to beginning or end of a line, respectively.
3.5 Back-references and Subexpressions
@@ -1045,7 +1064,7 @@
⢠The characters â?â, â+â, â{â, â|â, â(â, and â)â
lose their special
meaning; instead use the backslashed versions â\?â, â\+â,
â\{â,
â\|â, â\(â, and â\)â. Also, a backslash is needed before an
- interval expressionâs closing â}â.
+ interval expression's closing â}â.
⢠An unmatched â\)â is invalid.
@@ -1214,7 +1233,7 @@
or portable, but you also want to match specific non-ASCII or non-null
non-printable characters. If you are using the â-Pâ (â--perl-regexpâ)
option, PCREs give you several ways to do this. Otherwise, if you are
-using Bash, the GNU projectâs shell, you can represent these characters
+using Bash, the GNU project's shell, you can represent these characters
via ANSI-C quoting. For example, the Bash commands âgrep $'Î\tÏ'â and
âgrep $'\u039B\t\u03C9'â both search for the same three-character string
âÎ Ïâ mentioned earlier. However, because Bash translates ANSI-C
@@ -1227,7 +1246,7 @@
shell scripts written in ASCII should use other methods to match
specific non-ASCII characters. For example, in a UTF-8 locale the
command âgrep "$(printf '\316\233\t\317\211\n')"â is a portable albeit
-hard-to-read alternative to Bashâs âgrep $'Î\tÏ'â. However, none of
+hard-to-read alternative to Bash's âgrep $'Î\tÏ'â. However, none of
these techniques will let you put a null character directly into a
command-line pattern; null characters can appear only in a pattern
specified via the â-fâ (â--fileâ) option.
@@ -1303,7 +1322,7 @@
grep -e "$pattern" ./*
searches for all lines matching the pattern in all the working
- directoryâs files whose names do not begin with â.â. Without the
+ directory's files whose names do not begin with â.â. Without the
â-eâ, âgrepâ might treat the pattern as an option if it begins
with
â-â. Without the â./â, there might be similar problems with file
names beginning with â-â.
@@ -1358,25 +1377,25 @@
âpsâ limits the output to the width of the screen; âgrepâ does not
have any limit on the length of a line except the available memory.
- 8. Why does âgrepâ report âBinary file matchesâ?
+ 8. Why does âgrepâ report "Binary file matches"?
- If âgrepâ listed all matching âlinesâ from a binary file, it would
+ If âgrepâ listed all matching "lines" from a binary file, it would
probably generate output that is not useful, and it might even muck
up your display. So GNU âgrepâ suppresses output from files that
appear to be binary files. To force GNU âgrepâ to output lines
even from files that appear to be binary, use the â-aâ or
- â--binary-files=textâ option. To eliminate the âBinary file
- matchesâ messages, use the â-Iâ or
â--binary-files=without-matchâ
+ â--binary-files=textâ option. To eliminate the "Binary file
+ matches" messages, use the â-Iâ or â--binary-files=without-matchâ
option.
- 9. Why doesnât âgrep -lvâ print non-matching file names?
+ 9. Why doesn't âgrep -lvâ print non-matching file names?
âgrep -lvâ lists the names of all files containing one or more
lines that do not match. To list the names of all files that
contain no matching lines, use the â-Lâ or â--files-without-matchâ
option.
- 10. I can do âORâ with â|â, but what about âANDâ?
+ 10. I can do "OR" with â|â, but what about "AND"?
grep 'paul' /etc/motd | grep 'franc,ois'
@@ -1403,7 +1422,7 @@
cat /etc/passwd | grep 'alain' - /etc/motd
- 13. Why canât I combine the shellâs âset -eâ with âgrepâ?
+ 13. Why can't I combine the shell's âset -eâ with âgrepâ?
The âgrepâ command follows the convention of programs like âcmpâ
and âdiffâ where an exit status of 1 is not an error. The shell
@@ -1412,10 +1431,10 @@
because âgrepâ selected no lines, which is ordinarily not what you
want.
- There is a related problem with Bashâs âset -e -o pipefailâ. Since
+ There is a related problem with Bash's âset -e -o pipefailâ. Since
âgrepâ does not always read all its input, a command outputting to
a pipe read by âgrepâ can fail when âgrepâ exits before reading
all
- its input, and the commandâs failure can cause Bash to exit.
+ its input, and the command's failure can cause Bash to exit.
14. Why is this back-reference failing?
@@ -1431,7 +1450,7 @@
match newlines in the way you might expect.
With the GNU âgrepâ option â-zâ (â--null-dataâ), each input
and
- output âlineâ is null-terminated; *note Other Options::. Thus, you
+ output "line" is null-terminated; *note Other Options::. Thus, you
can match newlines in the input, but typically if there is a match
the entire input is output, so this usage is often combined with
output-suppressing options like â-qâ, e.g.:
@@ -1459,11 +1478,11 @@
7th Edition Unix had commands âegrepâ and âfgrepâ that were the
counterparts of the modern âgrep -Eâ and âgrep -Fâ. Although
breaking up âgrepâ into three programs was perhaps useful on the
- small computers of the 1970s, âegrepâ and âfgrepâ were not
- standardized by POSIX and are no longer needed. In the current GNU
- implementation, âegrepâ and âfgrepâ issue a warning and then act
- like their modern counterparts; eventually, they are planned to be
- removed entirely.
+ small computers of the 1970s, âegrepâ and âfgrepâ were deemed
+ obsolescent by POSIX in 1992, removed from POSIX in 2001,
+ deprecated by GNU Grep 2.5.3 in 2007, and changed to issue
+ obsolescence warnings by GNU Grep 3.8 in 2022; eventually, they are
+ planned to be removed entirely.
If you prefer the old names, you can use use your own substitutes,
such as a shell script named âegrepâ with the following contents:
@@ -1484,8 +1503,8 @@
The âgrepâ command operates partly via a set of automata that are
designed for efficiency, and partly via a slower matcher that takes over
when the fast matchers run into unusual features like back-references.
-When feasible, the BoyerâMoore fast string searching algorithm is used
-to match a single fixed pattern, and the AhoâCorasick algorithm is used
+When feasible, the Boyer-Moore fast string searching algorithm is used
+to match a single fixed pattern, and the Aho-Corasick algorithm is used
to match multiple fixed patterns.
Generally speaking âgrepâ operates more efficiently in single-byte
@@ -1519,12 +1538,13 @@
through all possible matching strings, using an algorithm that is
exponential in the worst case.
- On some operating systems that support files with holesâlarge regions
-of zeros that are not physically present on secondary storageââgrepâ can
-skip over the holes efficiently without needing to read the zeros. This
-optimization is not available if the â-aâ (â--binary-files=textâ)
option
-is used (*note File and Directory Selection::), unless the â-zâ
-(â--null-dataâ) option is also used (*note Other Options::).
+ On some operating systems that support files with holes--large
+regions of zeros that are not physically present on secondary
+storage--âgrepâ can skip over the holes efficiently without needing to
+read the zeros. This optimization is not available if the â-aâ
+(â--binary-files=textâ) option is used (*note File and Directory
+Selection::), unless the â-zâ (â--null-dataâ) option is also used
(*note
+Other Options::).
For efficiency âgrepâ does not always read all its input. For
example, the shell command âsed '/^...$/d' | grep -q Xâ can cause
âgrepâ
@@ -1538,17 +1558,17 @@
⢠Aho AV. Algorithms for finding patterns in strings. In: van Leeuwen
J. _Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science_, vol. A. New York:
- Elsevier; 1990. p. 255â300. This surveys classic string matching
+ Elsevier; 1990. p. 255-300. This surveys classic string matching
algorithms, some of which are used by âgrepâ.
⢠Aho AV, Corasick MJ. Efficient string matching: an aid to
- bibliographic search. _CACM_. 1975;18(6):333â40.
+ bibliographic search. _CACM_. 1975;18(6):333-40.
<https://doi.org/10.1145/360825.360855>. This introduces the
- AhoâCorasick algorithm.
+ Aho-Corasick algorithm.
⢠Boyer RS, Moore JS. A fast string searching algorithm. _CACM_.
- 1977;20(10):762â72. <https://doi.org/10.1145/359842.359859>. This
- introduces the BoyerâMoore algorithm.
+ 1977;20(10):762-72. <https://doi.org/10.1145/359842.359859>. This
+ introduces the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
⢠Faro S, Lecroq T. The exact online string matching problem: a
review of the most recent results. _ACM Comput Surv_.
@@ -1558,13 +1578,13 @@
⢠Hakak SI, Kamsin A, Shivakumara P, Gilkar GA, Khan WZ, Imran M.
Exact string matching algorithms: survey issues, and future
- research directions. _IEEE Access_. 2019;7:69614â37.
+ research directions. _IEEE Access_. 2019;7:69614-37.
<https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2914071>. This survey is more
recent than Faro & Lecroq, and focuses on taxonomy instead of
performance.
⢠Hume A, Sunday D. Fast string search. _Software Pract Exper_.
- 1991;21(11):1221â48. <https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380211105>. This
+ 1991;21(11):1221-48. <https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380211105>. This
excellent albeit now-dated survey aided the initial development of
âgrepâ.
@@ -1602,15 +1622,16 @@
GNU âgrepâ is licensed under the GNU GPL, which makes it âfree
softwareâ.
- The âfreeâ in âfree softwareâ refers to liberty, not price. As some
-GNU project advocates like to point out, think of âfree speechâ rather
-than âfree beerâ. In short, you have the right (freedom) to run and
-change âgrepâ and distribute it to other people, andâif you wantâcharge
-money for doing either. The important restriction is that you have to
-grant your recipients the same rights and impose the same restrictions.
+ The "free" in "free software" refers to liberty, not price. As some
+GNU project advocates like to point out, think of "free speech" rather
+than "free beer". In short, you have the right (freedom) to run and
+change âgrepâ and distribute it to other people, and--if you
+want--charge money for doing either. The important restriction is that
+you have to grant your recipients the same rights and impose the same
+restrictions.
This general method of licensing software is sometimes called âopen
-sourceâ. The GNU project prefers the term âfree softwareâ for reasons
+sourceâ. The GNU project prefers the term "free software" for reasons
outlined at
<https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html>.
@@ -1624,7 +1645,8 @@
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
- Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Copyright © 2000-2002, 2007-2008, 2023 Free Software Foundation,
+ Inc.
<https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
@@ -1640,7 +1662,7 @@
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
- This License is a kind of âcopyleftâ, which means that derivative
+ This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
@@ -1661,18 +1683,18 @@
be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
- âDocumentâ, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
- of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as âyouâ. You accept
+ "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
+ of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
requiring permission under copyright law.
- A âModified Versionâ of the Document means any work containing the
+ A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
- A âSecondary Sectionâ is a named appendix or a front-matter section
+ A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
- publishers or authors of the Document to the Documentâs overall
+ publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
@@ -1681,7 +1703,7 @@
of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.
- The âInvariant Sectionsâ are certain Secondary Sections whose
+ The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
@@ -1689,13 +1711,13 @@
contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
any Invariant Sections then there are none.
- The âCover Textsâ are certain short passages of text that are
+ The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. A
Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
be at most 25 words.
- A âTransparentâ copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+ A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
@@ -1707,7 +1729,7 @@
been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
- âTransparentâ is called âOpaqueâ.
+ "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
@@ -1720,23 +1742,23 @@
the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.
- The âTitle Pageâ means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+ The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
- works in formats which do not have any title page as such, âTitle
- Pageâ means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
- workâs title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+ works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
+ Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
+ work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
- The âpublisherâ means any person or entity that distributes copies
+ The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies
of the Document to the public.
- A section âEntitled XYZâ means a named subunit of the Document
+ A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
- âAcknowledgementsâ, âDedicationsâ, âEndorsementsâ, or
âHistoryâ.)
- To âPreserve the Titleâ of such a section when you modify the
- Document means that it remains a section âEntitled XYZâ according
+ "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
+ To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
+ Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
@@ -1766,7 +1788,7 @@
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
- the Documentâs license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
+ the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
@@ -1838,15 +1860,15 @@
the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
- Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Documentâs
+ Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
- I. Preserve the section Entitled âHistoryâ, Preserve its Title,
+ I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
- Title Page. If there is no section Entitled âHistoryâ in the
+ Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
@@ -1856,12 +1878,12 @@
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
- âHistoryâ section. You may omit a network location for a work
+ "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
that was published at least four years before the Document
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
to gives permission.
- K. For any section Entitled âAcknowledgementsâ or âDedicationsâ,
+ K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
@@ -1870,11 +1892,11 @@
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
- M. Delete any section Entitled âEndorsementsâ. Such a section
+ M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
- âEndorsementsâ or to conflict in title with any Invariant
+ "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
@@ -1883,15 +1905,15 @@
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
- titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Versionâs
+ titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
section titles.
- You may add a section Entitled âEndorsementsâ, provided it contains
+ You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
- partiesâfor example, statements of peer review or that the text has
- been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
- a standard.
+ parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
+ has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
+ definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
@@ -1929,10 +1951,10 @@
combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
- âHistoryâ in the various original documents, forming one section
- Entitled âHistoryâ; likewise combine any sections Entitled
- âAcknowledgementsâ, and any sections Entitled âDedicationsâ. You
- must delete all sections Entitled âEndorsements.â
+ "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
+ Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
+ "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You
+ must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
@@ -1953,16 +1975,16 @@
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
- storage or distribution medium, is called an âaggregateâ if the
+ storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
- legal rights of the compilationâs users beyond what the individual
+ legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
- of the entire aggregate, the Documentâs Cover Texts may be placed
+ of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
@@ -1984,8 +2006,8 @@
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
prevail.
- If a section in the Document is Entitled âAcknowledgementsâ,
- âDedicationsâ, or âHistoryâ, the requirement (section 4) to
+ If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
+ "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
actual title.
@@ -2026,7 +2048,7 @@
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
- version of this License âor any later versionâ applies to it, you
+ version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
that specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
@@ -2034,29 +2056,29 @@
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can
decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
- proxyâs public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
+ proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
11. RELICENSING
- âMassive Multiauthor Collaboration Siteâ (or âMMC Siteâ) means any
+ "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
- A âMassive Multiauthor Collaborationâ (or âMMCâ) contained in the
+ A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
- âCC-BY-SAâ means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
+ "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
- âIncorporateâ means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
+ "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
- An MMC is âeligible for relicensingâ if it is licensed under this
+ An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this
License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
@@ -2083,7 +2105,7 @@
Free Documentation License''.
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
-Texts, replace the âwith...Texts.â line with this:
+Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
@@ -2103,14 +2125,10 @@
* Menu:
-* *: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 811)
-* +: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 814)
* --: Other Options. (line 498)
* --after-context: Context Line Control.
(line 340)
-* --basic-regexp: grep Programs. (line 754)
+* --basic-regexp: grep Programs. (line 743)
* --before-context: Context Line Control.
(line 344)
* --binary: Other Options. (line 513)
@@ -2138,13 +2156,13 @@
(line 465)
* --exclude-from: File and Directory Selection.
(line 461)
-* --extended-regexp: grep Programs. (line 759)
+* --extended-regexp: grep Programs. (line 748)
* --file: Matching Control. (line 116)
* --files-with-matches: General Output Control.
(line 212)
* --files-without-match: General Output Control.
(line 207)
-* --fixed-strings: grep Programs. (line 764)
+* --fixed-strings: grep Programs. (line 753)
* --group-separator: Context Line Control.
(line 352)
* --group-separator <1>: Context Line Control.
@@ -2175,7 +2193,7 @@
* --null-data: Other Options. (line 534)
* --only-matching: General Output Control.
(line 252)
-* --perl-regexp: grep Programs. (line 769)
+* --perl-regexp: grep Programs. (line 758)
* --quiet: General Output Control.
(line 260)
* --recursive: File and Directory Selection.
@@ -2207,10 +2225,10 @@
* -d: File and Directory Selection.
(line 440)
* -e: Matching Control. (line 107)
-* -E: grep Programs. (line 759)
+* -E: grep Programs. (line 748)
* -f: Matching Control. (line 116)
-* -F: grep Programs. (line 764)
-* -G: grep Programs. (line 754)
+* -F: grep Programs. (line 753)
+* -G: grep Programs. (line 743)
* -H: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 287)
* -h: Output Line Prefix Control.
@@ -2228,7 +2246,7 @@
(line 349)
* -o: General Output Control.
(line 252)
-* -P: grep Programs. (line 769)
+* -P: grep Programs. (line 758)
* -q: General Output Control.
(line 260)
* -r: File and Directory Selection.
@@ -2249,41 +2267,43 @@
* -Z: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 319)
* -z: Other Options. (line 534)
-* .: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 800)
* ?: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 808)
-* _N_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_ environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 713)
-* {,M}: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 823)
-* {N,M}: Fundamental Structure.
(line 827)
+* .: Fundamental Structure.
+ (line 819)
+* {,M}: Fundamental Structure.
+ (line 842)
* {N,}: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 820)
+ (line 839)
+* {N,M}: Fundamental Structure.
+ (line 846)
* {N}: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 817)
+ (line 836)
+* *: Fundamental Structure.
+ (line 830)
+* +: Fundamental Structure.
+ (line 833)
* after context: Context Line Control.
(line 340)
* alnum character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 876)
+ (line 895)
* alpha character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 881)
+ (line 900)
* alphabetic characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 881)
+ (line 900)
* alphanumeric characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 876)
+ (line 895)
* alternatives in regular expressions: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 835)
-* anchoring: Anchoring. (line 1017)
+ (line 854)
+* anchoring: Anchoring. (line 1036)
* asterisk: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 811)
+ (line 830)
* back-reference: Back-references and Subexpressions.
- (line 1025)
-* back-references: Performance. (line 1511)
+ (line 1044)
+* back-references: Performance. (line 1530)
* backslash: Special Backslash Expressions.
- (line 971)
-* basic regular expressions: Basic vs Extended. (line 1041)
+ (line 990)
+* basic regular expressions: Basic vs Extended. (line 1060)
* before context: Context Line Control.
(line 344)
* binary files: File and Directory Selection.
@@ -2292,40 +2312,40 @@
(line 390)
* binary I/O: Other Options. (line 513)
* blank character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 886)
+ (line 905)
* blank characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 886)
+ (line 905)
* bn GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 654)
+ (line 653)
* braces, first argument omitted: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 823)
+ (line 842)
* braces, one argument: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 817)
+ (line 836)
* braces, second argument omitted: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 820)
+ (line 839)
* braces, two arguments: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 827)
+ (line 846)
* bracket expression: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 850)
-* Bugs, known: Known Bugs. (line 1581)
-* bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. (line 1573)
+ (line 869)
+* Bugs, known: Known Bugs. (line 1601)
+* bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. (line 1593)
* byte offset: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 281)
* case insensitive search: Matching Control. (line 125)
-* case insensitive search <1>: Performance. (line 1497)
+* case insensitive search <1>: Performance. (line 1516)
* changing name of standard input: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 297)
* character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 850)
+ (line 869)
* character classes: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 875)
-* character encoding: Character Encoding. (line 1179)
+ (line 894)
+* character encoding: Character Encoding. (line 1198)
* character type: Environment Variables.
- (line 681)
+ (line 680)
* classes of characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 875)
+ (line 894)
* cntrl character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 889)
+ (line 908)
* context lines: General Output Control.
(line 244)
* context lines <1>: Context Line Control.
@@ -2337,24 +2357,24 @@
* context lines, before match: Context Line Control.
(line 344)
* control characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 889)
-* copying: Copying. (line 1601)
+ (line 908)
+* copying: Copying. (line 1621)
* counting lines: General Output Control.
(line 182)
* cx GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 605)
+ (line 604)
* device search: File and Directory Selection.
(line 429)
* digit character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 894)
+ (line 913)
* digit characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 894)
+ (line 913)
* directory search: File and Directory Selection.
(line 440)
* dot: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 800)
+ (line 819)
* encoding error: Environment Variables.
- (line 688)
+ (line 687)
* environment variables: Environment Variables.
(line 560)
* exclude directories: File and Directory Selection.
@@ -2363,19 +2383,19 @@
(line 451)
* exclude files <1>: File and Directory Selection.
(line 461)
-* exit status: Exit Status. (line 736)
-* FAQ about grep usage: Usage. (line 1263)
-* files which donât match: General Output Control.
+* exit status: Exit Status. (line 725)
+* FAQ about grep usage: Usage. (line 1282)
+* files which don't match: General Output Control.
(line 207)
* fn GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 644)
+ (line 643)
* fn GREP_COLORS capability <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 659)
+ (line 658)
* graph character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 897)
+ (line 916)
* graphic characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 897)
-* grep programs: grep Programs. (line 745)
+ (line 916)
+* grep programs: grep Programs. (line 734)
* GREP_COLOR environment variable: Environment Variables.
(line 563)
* GREP_COLORS environment variable: Environment Variables.
@@ -2385,151 +2405,151 @@
* group separator <1>: Context Line Control.
(line 356)
* hexadecimal digits: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 921)
+ (line 940)
* highlight markers: Environment Variables.
(line 563)
* highlight markers <1>: Environment Variables.
(line 569)
* highlight, color, colour: General Output Control.
(line 188)
-* holes in files: Performance. (line 1521)
+* holes in files: Performance. (line 1540)
* include files: File and Directory Selection.
(line 475)
* interval expressions: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 803)
-* interval expressions <1>: Performance. (line 1502)
+ (line 822)
+* interval expressions <1>: Performance. (line 1521)
* invalid regular expressions: Problematic Expressions.
- (line 1066)
+ (line 1085)
* invert matching: Matching Control. (line 150)
* LANG environment variable: Environment Variables.
(line 546)
* LANG environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 681)
+ (line 680)
* LANG environment variable <2>: Environment Variables.
- (line 688)
+ (line 687)
* LANG environment variable <3>: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* LANGUAGE environment variable: Environment Variables.
(line 546)
* LANGUAGE environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* language of messages: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* LC_ALL environment variable: Environment Variables.
(line 546)
* LC_ALL environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 681)
+ (line 680)
* LC_ALL environment variable <2>: Environment Variables.
- (line 688)
+ (line 687)
* LC_ALL environment variable <3>: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* LC_COLLATE environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 681)
+ (line 680)
* LC_CTYPE environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 688)
+ (line 687)
* LC_MESSAGES environment variable: Environment Variables.
(line 546)
* LC_MESSAGES environment variable <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* line buffering: Other Options. (line 504)
* line numbering: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 305)
* ln GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 649)
-* locales: Performance. (line 1490)
+ (line 648)
+* locales: Performance. (line 1509)
* lower character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 900)
+ (line 919)
* lower-case letters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 900)
+ (line 919)
* match expression at most M times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 823)
+ (line 842)
* match expression at most once: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 808)
-* match expression from N to M times: Fundamental Structure.
(line 827)
+* match expression from N to M times: Fundamental Structure.
+ (line 846)
* match expression N or more times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 820)
+ (line 839)
* match expression N times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 817)
+ (line 836)
* match expression one or more times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 814)
+ (line 833)
* match expression zero or more times: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 811)
+ (line 830)
* match the whole line: Matching Control. (line 172)
-* matching basic regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 754)
-* matching extended regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 759)
-* matching fixed strings: grep Programs. (line 764)
+* matching basic regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 743)
+* matching extended regular expressions: grep Programs. (line 748)
+* matching fixed strings: grep Programs. (line 753)
* matching Perl-compatible regular expressions: grep Programs.
- (line 769)
+ (line 758)
* matching whole words: Matching Control. (line 155)
* max-count: General Output Control.
(line 218)
* mc GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 636)
+ (line 635)
* message language: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* ms GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 628)
+ (line 627)
* MS-Windows binary I/O: Other Options. (line 513)
* mt GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 620)
+ (line 619)
* names of matching files: General Output Control.
(line 212)
* national language support: Environment Variables.
- (line 681)
+ (line 680)
* national language support <1>: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* ne GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 666)
+ (line 665)
* NLS: Environment Variables.
- (line 681)
+ (line 680)
* no filename prefix: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 292)
-* non-ASCII matching: Matching Non-ASCII. (line 1204)
-* non-printable matching: Matching Non-ASCII. (line 1204)
+* non-ASCII matching: Matching Non-ASCII. (line 1223)
+* non-printable matching: Matching Non-ASCII. (line 1223)
* null character: Environment Variables.
- (line 688)
+ (line 687)
* numeric characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 894)
+ (line 913)
* only matching: General Output Control.
(line 252)
* option delimiter: Other Options. (line 498)
* ordinary characters: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 795)
+ (line 814)
* patterns from file: Matching Control. (line 116)
* patterns option: Matching Control. (line 107)
-* performance: Performance. (line 1476)
+* performance: Performance. (line 1495)
* period: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 800)
-* pipelines and reading: Performance. (line 1528)
+ (line 819)
+* pipelines and reading: Performance. (line 1548)
* plus sign: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 814)
+ (line 833)
* POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 702)
+ (line 701)
* print character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 904)
+ (line 923)
* print non-matching lines: Matching Control. (line 150)
* printable characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 904)
+ (line 923)
* punct character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 907)
+ (line 926)
* punctuation characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 907)
+ (line 926)
* question mark: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 808)
+ (line 827)
* quiet, silent: General Output Control.
(line 260)
* range expression: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 858)
+ (line 877)
* recursive search: File and Directory Selection.
(line 483)
* recursive search <1>: File and Directory Selection.
(line 491)
* regular expressions: Regular Expressions.
- (line 778)
-* return status: Exit Status. (line 736)
+ (line 796)
+* return status: Exit Status. (line 725)
* rv GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 614)
+ (line 613)
* searching directory trees: File and Directory Selection.
(line 451)
* searching directory trees <1>: File and Directory Selection.
@@ -2542,15 +2562,15 @@
(line 491)
* searching for patterns: Introduction. (line 52)
* sl GREP_COLORS capability: Environment Variables.
- (line 597)
+ (line 596)
* space character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 912)
+ (line 931)
* space characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 912)
+ (line 931)
* special characters: Fundamental Structure.
- (line 795)
+ (line 814)
* subexpression: Back-references and Subexpressions.
- (line 1025)
+ (line 1044)
* suppress binary data: File and Directory Selection.
(line 386)
* suppress error messages: General Output Control.
@@ -2564,30 +2584,30 @@
* tab-aligned content lines: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 310)
* TERM environment variable: Environment Variables.
- (line 709)
+ (line 708)
* translation of message language: Environment Variables.
- (line 697)
+ (line 696)
* unspecified behavior in regular expressions: Problematic Expressions.
- (line 1066)
+ (line 1085)
* upper character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 917)
+ (line 936)
* upper-case letters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 917)
+ (line 936)
* usage summary, printing: Generic Program Information.
(line 94)
-* usage, examples: Usage. (line 1237)
-* using grep, Q&A: Usage. (line 1263)
-* variants of grep: grep Programs. (line 745)
+* usage, examples: Usage. (line 1256)
+* using grep, Q&A: Usage. (line 1282)
+* variants of grep: grep Programs. (line 734)
* version, printing: Generic Program Information.
(line 99)
* whitespace characters: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 912)
+ (line 931)
* with filename prefix: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 287)
* xdigit character class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 921)
+ (line 940)
* xdigit class: Character Classes and Bracket
Expressions.
- (line 921)
+ (line 940)
* zero-terminated file names: Output Line Prefix Control.
(line 319)
* zero-terminated lines: Other Options. (line 534)
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- Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v,
Jim Meyering <=