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[taler-marketing] branch master updated: irgc pres
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gnunet |
Subject: |
[taler-marketing] branch master updated: irgc pres |
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Wed, 19 Oct 2022 11:40:10 +0200 |
This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
grothoff pushed a commit to branch master
in repository marketing.
The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
new c2c7321 irgc pres
c2c7321 is described below
commit c2c7321210d9cb07832d77eceffc5ac7eb304530
Author: Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org>
AuthorDate: Wed Oct 19 11:40:08 2022 +0200
irgc pres
---
presentations/2021-cb/irgc.tex | 458 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
presentations/2021-cb/mining.pdf | Bin 0 -> 30796 bytes
presentations/2021-cb/mining.png | Bin 0 -> 24557 bytes
presentations/2021-cb/performance.pdf | Bin 0 -> 21204 bytes
presentations/2021-cb/performance.png | Bin 0 -> 30019 bytes
presentations/2021-cb/privacy.pdf | Bin 0 -> 30714 bytes
presentations/2021-cb/privacy.png | Bin 0 -> 25325 bytes
7 files changed, 458 insertions(+)
diff --git a/presentations/2021-cb/irgc.tex b/presentations/2021-cb/irgc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3968986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/presentations/2021-cb/irgc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+\pdfminorversion=3
+\documentclass[fleqn,xcolor={usenames,dvipsnames}]{beamer}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{multimedia}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{framed,color,ragged2e}
+\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.8,0.8,0.8}
+\usetheme{boxes}
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
+\usepackage{xcolor}
+\usepackage{tikz,eurosym}
+\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\usepackage{adjustbox}
+
+% CSS
+\lstdefinelanguage{CSS}{
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize,
+
keywords={color,background-image:,margin,padding,font,weight,display,position,top,left,right,bottom,list,style,border,size,white,space,min,width,
transition:, transform:, transition-property, transition-duration,
transition-timing-function},
+ sensitive=true,
+ morecomment=[l]{//},
+ morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},
+ morestring=[b]',
+ morestring=[b]",
+ alsoletter={:},
+ alsodigit={-}
+}
+
+% JavaScript
+\lstdefinelanguage{JavaScript}{
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize,
+ morekeywords={typeof, new, true, false, catch, function, return, null,
catch, switch, var, if, in, while, do, else, case, break},
+ morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},
+ morecomment=[l]//,
+ morestring=[b]",
+ morestring=[b]'
+}
+
+\lstdefinelanguage{HTML5}{
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize,
+ language=html,
+ sensitive=true,
+ alsoletter={<>=-},
+ morecomment=[s]{<!-}{-->},
+ tag=[s],
+ otherkeywords={
+ % General
+ >,
+ % Standard tags
+ <!DOCTYPE,
+ </html, <html, <head, <title, </title, <style, </style, <link, </head,
<meta, />,
+ % body
+ </body, <body,
+ % Divs
+ </div, <div, </div>,
+ % Paragraphs
+ </p, <p, </p>,
+ % scripts
+ </script, <script,
+ % More tags...
+ <canvas, /canvas>, <svg, <rect, <animateTransform, </rect>, </svg>, <video,
<source, <iframe, </iframe>, </video>, <image, </image>
+ },
+ ndkeywords={
+ % General
+ =,
+ % HTML attributes
+ charset=, src=, id=, width=, height=, style=, type=, rel=, href=,
+ % SVG attributes
+ fill=, attributeName=, begin=, dur=, from=, to=, poster=, controls=, x=, y=,
repeatCount=, xlink:href=,
+ % CSS properties
+ margin:, padding:, background-image:, border:, top:, left:, position:,
width:, height:,
+ % CSS3 properties
+ transform:, -moz-transform:, -webkit-transform:,
+ animation:, -webkit-animation:,
+ transition:, transition-duration:, transition-property:,
transition-timing-function:,
+ }
+}
+
+\lstdefinelanguage{JavaScript}{
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize,
+ keywords={typeof, new, true, false, catch, function, return, null, catch,
switch, var, if, in, while, do, else, case, break, for},
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries,
+ ndkeywords={class, export, boolean, throw, implements, import, this},
+ ndkeywordstyle=\color{darkgray}\bfseries,
+ identifierstyle=\color{black},
+ sensitive=false,
+ comment=[l]{//},
+ morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},
+ commentstyle=\color{purple}\ttfamily,
+ stringstyle=\color{red}\ttfamily,
+ morestring=[b]',
+ morestring=[b]"
+}
+
+\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
+\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
+\usetikzlibrary{calc}
+
+\title{GNU Taler as a Retail CBDC}
+%\subtitle{}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{\includegraphics[width=1cm]{inria.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=2.3cm]{bfh.png} \includegraphics[width=1.6cm]{fub.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.4cm]{ashoka.png}
\includegraphics[width=0.4cm]{gnu.png}
\includegraphics[width=1cm]{logo-2021.pdf} \hfill}
+%\setbeamercovered{transparent=1}
+
+\author[C. Grothoff]{{\bf C. Grothoff}}
+\date{25.10.2022}
+\institute{Bern University of Applied Sciences}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\justifying
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \begin{center}
+ \LARGE {\bf GNU}
+
+ \vfill
+% \includegraphics[width=0.66\textwidth]{logo-2017-fr.pdf}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.66\textwidth]{logo-2021.pdf}
+
+ as a Retail CBDC
+ \vfill
+ \end{center}
+\begin{textblock*}{6cm}(.5cm,7.7cm) % {block width} (coords)
+ {\Large {\bf \href{https://taler.net/}{taler.net}} \\
+ \href{https://twitter.com/taler}{taler@twitter} \\
+ \href{https://taler-systems.com/}{taler-systems.com}}
+\end{textblock*}
+
+% Substitute based on who is giving the talk!
+ \begin{textblock*}{6cm}(6.7cm,7.7cm) % {block width} (coords)
+ {%\hfill {\Large {\bf Florian Dold \&} \\
+ \hfill {\bf Christian Grothoff} \\
+ \hfill grothoff@taler.net }
+\end{textblock*}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+\begin{frame}{Payment Systems: Accounts vs. Tokens}
+Two types of payment systems:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item {\bf account-based system}: transfer occurs by charging the payer’s
account and crediting
+the payee’s account (e.g., bank deposits)
+\item {\bf token-based (value-based) system}: transfer occurs by transferring
the value itself, or a
+token that represents the monetary asset (e.g., banknotes)
+\end{enumerate}
+Key Difference is the information carried by the information asset:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item account (assets): associated with a transaction history
+\item token (assets): carry information about value and entity that issued the
token
+\end{itemize}
+Bitcoin, and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) in general, are
account-based systems!
+Novelty is that the ledger is distributed (decentralized).
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{What is Taler?}
+\begin{frame}{What is Taler?}
+\noindent
+Taler is an electronic instant payment system based on tokens.
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Uses electronic coins stored in {\bf wallets} on customer's device
+ \item Like {\bf cash}
+ \item Pay in {\bf existing currencies} (i.e. CHF, EUR, USD)
+ \end{itemize}
+ \vfill
+ \pause
+ \noindent
+ However, Taler is
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \emph{not} a currency
+ \item \emph{not} suitable for long-term store of value
+ \item \emph{not} a network or instance of a system
+ \item \emph{not} decentralized
+ \item \emph{not} based on proof-of-work or proof-of-stake
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Design Principles}
+ \framesubtitle{https://taler.net/en/principles.html}
+GNU Taler must ...
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item {... be implemented as {\bf free software}.}
+ \item {... protect the {\bf privacy of buyers}.}
+ \item {... must enable the state to {\bf tax income} and crack down on
+ illegal business activities.}
+ \item {... prevent payment fraud.}
+ \item {... only {\bf disclose the minimal amount of information
+ necessary}.}
+ \item {... be usable.}
+ \item {... be efficient.}
+ \item {... avoid single points of failure.}
+ \item {... foster {\bf competition}.}
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{The Big Picture}
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{bp.png}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Taler: Unique Regulatory Features for CBs}
+
\framesubtitle{\url{https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/papers/id/working_paper_2021_03}}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Central bank issues digital coins equivalent to issuing cash \\
+ $\Rightarrow$ monetary policy remains under CB control
+ \item Architecture with consumer accounts at commercial banks \\
+ $\Rightarrow$ no competition for commercial banking (S\&L) \\
+ $\Rightarrow$ CB does not have to manage KYC, customer support
+ \item Withdrawal limits and denomination expiration \\
+ $\Rightarrow$ protects against bank runs and hoarding
+ \item Income transparency and possibility to set fees \\
+ $\Rightarrow$ additional insights into economy and new policy options
+ \item Revocation protocols and loss limitations \\
+ $\Rightarrow$ exit strategy and handles catastrophic security
incidents
+ \item Privacy by cryptographic design not organizational compliance \\
+ $\Rightarrow$ CB cannot be forced to facilitate mass-surveillance
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Feature Summary (some are still WiP)}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Wallets for Firefox, Chrome, Android, CLI, iOS
+ \item Merchant integrations for MDB, WooCommerce, Joomla!, Pretix, PoS App
+ \item Payment via NFC, QR code or integrated in browser
+ \item Peer-to-peer payments (with KYC for receiver), invoicing
+ \item External KYC providers with configurable KYC trigger rules
+ \item Age-restricted payments, accessible design
+ \item Escrow functionality (``smart contracts''), i.e. auctions
+ \item Privacy-preserving backup and recovery of wallet state
+ \item RTGS integrations with libeufin over EBICS or Depolymerization over
Bitcoin/Ethereum
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Do you have any questions?}
+\vfill
+References:
+{\tiny
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item{David Chaum, Christian Grothoff and Thomas Moser.
+ {\em How to issue a central bank digital currency}.
+ {\bf SNB Working Papers, 2021}.}
+ \item{Christian Grothoff, Bart Polot and Carlo von Loesch.
+ {\em The Internet is broken: Idealistic Ideas for Building a GNU
Network}.
+ {\bf W3C/IAB Workshop on Strengthening the Internet Against Pervasive
Monitoring (STRINT)}, 2014.}
+ \item{Jeffrey Burdges, Florian Dold, Christian Grothoff and Marcello Stanisci.
+ {\em Enabling Secure Web Payments with GNU Taler}.
+ {\bf SPACE 2016}.}
+ \item{Florian Dold, Sree Harsha Totakura, Benedikt M\"uller, Jeffrey Burdges
and Christian Grothoff.
+ {\em Taler: Taxable Anonymous Libre Electronic Reserves}.
+ Available upon request. 2016.}
+ \item{Eli Ben-Sasson, Alessandro Chiesa, Christina Garman, Matthew Green, Ian
Miers, Eran Tromer and Madars Virza.
+ {\em Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin}.
+ {\bf IEEE Symposium on Security \& Privacy, 2016}.}
+ \item{David Chaum, Amos Fiat and Moni Naor.
+ {\em Untraceable electronic cash}.
+ {\bf Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology, 1990}.}
+ \item{Phillip Rogaway.
+ {\em The Moral Character of Cryptographic Work}.
+ {\bf Asiacrypt}, 2015.} \label{bib:rogaway}
+\end{enumerate}
+}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{How does it work?}
+ \framesubtitle{\url{https://taler.net/papers/thesis-dold-phd-2019.pdf}}
+ We use a few ancient constructions:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Cryptographic hash function (1989)
+ \item Blind signature (1983)
+ \item Schnorr signature (1989)
+ \item Diffie-Hellman key exchange (1976)
+ \item Cut-and-choose zero-knowledge proof (1985)
+ \end{itemize}
+But of course we use modern instantiations.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Definition: Taxability}
+ We say Taler is taxable because:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Merchant's income is visible from deposits.
+ \item Hash of contract is part of deposit data.
+ \item State can trace income and enforce taxation.
+ \end{itemize}\pause
+ Limitations:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item withdraw loophole
+ \item {\em sharing} coins among family and friends
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Giving change}
+ It would be inefficient to pay EUR 100 with 1 cent coins!
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Denomination key represents value of a coin.
+ \item Exchange may offer various denominations for coins.
+ \item Wallet may not have exact change!
+ \item Usability requires ability to pay given sufficient total funds.
+ \end{itemize}\pause
+ Key goals:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item maintain unlinkability
+ \item maintain taxability of transactions
+ \end{itemize}\pause
+ Method:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Contract can specify to only pay {\em partial value} of a coin.
+ \item Exchange allows wallet to obtain {\em unlinkable change}
+ for remaining coin value.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Refresh protocol summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Customer asks exchange to convert old coin to new coin
+ \item Protocol ensures new coins can be recovered from old coin
+ \item[$\Rightarrow$] New coins are owned by the same entity!
+ \end{itemize}
+ Thus, the refresh protocol allows:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item To give unlinkable change.
+ \item To give refunds to an anonymous customer.
+ \item To expire old keys and migrate coins to new ones.
+ \item To handle protocol aborts.
+ \end{itemize}
+% \noindent
+% \begin{center}
+% \bf
+% Transactions via refresh are equivalent to {\em sharing} a wallet.
+%\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Scalability}
+On paper, the design scales linearly with computing resources:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Front-end logic at the central bank only needs to perform a few
signature operations, a
+single CPU core can typically do a few thousands per second.
+\item Front-end servers need to talk to a database to prevent double-spending.
A single database server can handle tens of thousands of such operations per
second.
+\item All operations are easily split across multiple database servers by
simply assigning
+each database server a range of values.
+\item The frontends need to talk to the backends using an interconnect. The
size of an
+individual transaction is typically about 1–10 kilobytes. Modern interconnects
+can support millions of such transactions per second.
+\item To securely store 1-10 kilobytes per transaction, using AWS pricing, the
cost of the
+system (storage, bandwidth, computation) at scale would be 0.0001 USD per
transaction.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame} \frametitle{Performance} \framesubtitle{Other Payment Systems}
+ \centering
+ \begin{minipage}{0.32\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ \visible<1->{Bitcoin}\\\vspace{1em}
+ {4 TPS}\\
+ {
+ \vspace{2em}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{performance.pdf}\hspace{1em}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{mining.pdf}
+ }
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.32\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ {PayPal\\\vspace{1em}193 TPS}\\
+ {
+ \vspace{2em}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{privacy.pdf}
+ }
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.32\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ {Visa\\\vspace{1em}1'667 TPS}\\
+ {
+ \vspace{2em}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{privacy.pdf}
+ }
+ \end{minipage}
+ \let\thefootnote\relax\footnote{
+ \tiny
+ [06.22]\hspace{3em}
+ -
\href{https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330585021_Analysis_of_the_Possibilities_for_Improvement_of_BlockChain_Technology}{Researchgate}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame} \frametitle{Performance} \framesubtitle{CBDC Projects}
+ \centering
+ \begin{minipage}{0.28\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ {e-Krona (Sweden)\\\vspace{1em}100 TPS}\\
+ {
+ \vspace{2em}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{performance.pdf}\hspace{1em}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{privacy.pdf}
+ }
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.28\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ {e-CNY (China)\\\vspace{1em}10'000 TPS}\\
+ {
+ \vspace{2em}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.2\linewidth]{privacy.pdf}
+ }
+ \end{minipage}
+ \begin{minipage}{0.38\textwidth}
+ \centering
+ \visible<2->{GNU Taler (Grid5000)\\\vspace{1em}28'500 TPS}\\
+ {
+ \vspace{2em}
+ \visible<2->{\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{logo-2021.pdf}}
+ }
+ \end{minipage}
+ \let\thefootnote\relax\footnote{
+ \tiny
+ [06.22]\hspace{3em}
+ \hspace{3em}-
\href{https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/econographics/a-report-card-on-chinas-central-bank-digital-currency-the-e-cny/}{Atlatic
Council}
+ \hspace{3em}-
\href{https://www.riksbank.se/globalassets/media/rapporter/e-krona/2022/e-krona-pilot-phase-2.pdf}{Riksbank}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Competitor comparison}
+\begin{frame}{Competitor comparison}
+ \begin{center} \small
+ \begin{tabular}{l||c|c|c|c|c}
+ & Cash & DLT & HW-Token & CB-Account & GNU Taler \\
\hline \hline
+ Online &$-$$-$$-$ & + & $-$ & ++ & +++ \\
\hline
+ Offline & +++ & $-$$-$$-$ & $+$ & $-$$-$ & $-$$-$ \\
\hline
+ Cost & $-$ & $-$$-$$-$ & $-$ & + & ++ \\
\hline
+ Speed & + & $-$$-$$-$ & $+$ & o & ++ \\
\hline
+ Taxation & $-$ & +++ & $-$$-$ & +++ & +++ \\
\hline
+ Payer-anon & ++ & $-$$-$ & ??? & $-$$-$ & +++ \\
\hline
+ Payee-anon & ++ & $-$$-$ & ??? & $-$$-$ & $-$$-$$-$ \\
\hline
+ Security & $-$ & ??? & $-$$-$ & o & ++ \\
\hline
+ Migration & +++ & $-$$-$$-$ & $-$$-$$-$& o & + \\
\hline
+ Libre & $-$ & ??? & $-$$-$$-$& N/A & +++ \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+
+\end{document}
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