GROFF_CHAR(@MAN7EXT@) GROFF_CHAR(@MAN7EXT@) NAME groff_char - groff glyph names DESCRIPTION This manual page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default input mapping, latin1. The glyphs in this document look different depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the man(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the device that is being used to print or view this manual page are marked with `(N/A)'; the device currently used is `utf8'. In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set by default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the input characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047 is supported (which contains the same characters as latin1; the input encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are reserved for internal and special purposes. All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also pro‐ vides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the printable 7-bit ASCII range. Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1) also produce single glyphs; these exist for historical reasons or are printable versions of syntactical characters. They include `\\', `\´', `\`', `\-', `\.', and `\e'; see groff(@MAN7EXT@). In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be tested positively with the `.if c' conditional. REFERENCE In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form. The meaning of the columns is as follows. Output shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always represents the same glyph. Input name specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence. Input code applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character, and gives the ISO latin1 decimal code of that input character. Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127. PostScript name gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph. Unicode decomposed is the glyph name used in composite glyph names. 7-bit Character Codes 32-126 These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned. They are identical to the printable characters of the character stan‐ dards ISO-8859-1 (latin1) and Unicode (range Basic Latin). The glyph names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up to `u007E'. Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the printable characters are in the range 66-255. 48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves). 65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves). 97-122 Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves). Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters: ` the ISO latin1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left sin‐ gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\`'. ' the ISO latin1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right sin‐ gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\(aq'. - the ISO latin1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with `\-'. ~ the ISO latin1 `Tilde' (code 126) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\(ti'. ^ the ISO latin1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\(ha'. Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes name code name decomposed ! ! 33 exclam u0021 " " 34 quotedbl u0022 # # 35 numbersign u0023 $ $ 36 dollar u0024 % % 37 percent u0025 & & 38 ampersand u0026 ' ' 39 quoteright u0027 ( ( 40 parenleft u0028 ) ) 41 parenright u0029 * * 42 asterisk u002A + + 43 plus u002B , , 44 comma u002C - - 45 hyphen u2010 . . 46 period u002E / / 47 slash u002F : : 58 colon u003A ; ; 59 semicolon u003B < < 60 less u003C = = 61 equal u003D > > 62 greater u003E ? ? 63 question u003F @ @ 64 at u0040 [ [ 91 bracketleft u005B \ \ 92 backslash u005C ] ] 93 bracketright u005D ^ ^ 94 circumflex u005E circumflex accent _ _ 95 underscore u005F ` ` 96 quoteleft u0060 { { 123 braceleft u007B | | 124 bar u007C } } 125 braceright u007D ~ ~ 126 tilde u007E tilde accent 8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255 They are interpreted as printable characters according to the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range Latin-1 Supplement. Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not print‐ able characters. 160 the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the stretchable space character. 173 the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this char‐ acter for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto `\%'. The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use their glyph names; see next section. Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes name code name decomposed ¡ ¡ 161 exclamdown u00A1 inverted exclamation mark ¢ ¢ 162 cent u00A2 £ £ 163 sterling u00A3 ¤ ¤ 164 currency u00A4 ¥ ¥ 165 yen u00A5 ¦ ¦ 166 brokenbar u00A6 § § 167 section u00A7 ¨ ¨ 168 dieresis u00A8 © © 169 copyright u00A9 ª ª 170 ordfeminine u00AA « « 171 guillemotleft u00AB ¬ ¬ 172 logicalnot u00AC ® ® 174 registered u00AE ¯ ¯ 175 macron u00AF ° ° 176 degree u00B0 ± ± 177 plusminus u00B1 ² ² 178 twosuperior u00B2 ³ ³ 179 threesuperior u00B3 ´ ´ 180 acute u00B4 acute accent µ µ 181 mu u00B5 micro sign ¶ ¶ 182 paragraph u00B6 · · 183 periodcentered u00B7 ¸ ¸ 184 cedilla u00B8 ¹ ¹ 185 onesuperior u00B9 º º 186 ordmasculine u00BA » » 187 guillemotright u00BB ¼ ¼ 188 onequarter u00BC ½ ½ 189 onehalf u00BD ¾ ¾ 190 threequarters u00BE ¿ ¿ 191 questiondown u00BF À À 192 Agrave u0041_0300 Á Á 193 Aacute u0041_0301   194 Acircumflex u0041_0302 à à 195 Atilde u0041_0303 Ä Ä 196 Adieresis u0041_0308 Å Å 197 Aring u0041_030A Æ Æ 198 AE u00C6 Ç Ç 199 Ccedilla u0043_0327 È È 200 Egrave u0045_0300 É É 201 Eacute u0045_0301 Ê Ê 202 Ecircumflex u0045_0302 Ë Ë 203 Edieresis u0045_0308 Ì Ì 204 Igrave u0049_0300 Í Í 205 Iacute u0049_0301 Î Î 206 Icircumflex u0049_0302 Ï Ï 207 Idieresis u0049_0308 Ð Ð 208 Eth u00D0 Ñ Ñ 209 Ntilde u004E_0303 Ò Ò 210 Ograve u004F_0300 Ó Ó 211 Oacute u004F_0301 Ô Ô 212 Ocircumflex u004F_0302 Õ Õ 213 Otilde u004F_0303 Ö Ö 214 Odieresis u004F_0308 × × 215 multiply u00D7 Ø Ø 216 Oslash u00D8 Ù Ù 217 Ugrave u0055_0300 Ú Ú 218 Uacute u0055_0301 Û Û 219 Ucircumflex u0055_0302 Ü Ü 220 Udieresis u0055_0308 Ý Ý 221 Yacute u0059_0301 Þ Þ 222 Thorn u00DE ß ß 223 germandbls u00DF à à 224 agrave u0061_0300 á á 225 aacute u0061_0301 â â 226 acircumflex u0061_0302 ã ã 227 atilde u0061_0303 ä ä 228 adieresis u0061_0308 å å 229 aring u0061_030A æ æ 230 ae u00E6 ç ç 231 ccedilla u0063_0327 è è 232 egrave u0065_0300 é é 233 eacute u0065_0301 ê ê 234 ecircumflex u0065_0302 ë ë 235 edieresis u0065_0308 ì ì 236 igrave u0069_0300 í í 237 iacute u0069_0301 î î 238 icircumflex u0069_0302 ï ï 239 idieresis u0069_0308 ð ð 240 eth u00F0 ñ ñ 241 ntilde u006E_0303 ò ò 242 ograve u006F_0300 ó ó 243 oacute u006F_0301 ô ô 244 ocircumflex u006F_0302 õ õ 245 otilde u006F_0303 ö ö 246 odieresis u006F_0308 ÷ ÷ 247 divide u00F7 ø ø 248 oslash u00F8 ù ù 249 ugrave u0075_0300 ú ú 250 uacute u0075_0301 û û 251 ucircumflex u0075_0302 ü ü 252 udieresis u0075_0308 ý ý 253 yacute u0079_0301 þ þ 254 thorn u00FE ÿ ÿ 255 ydieresis u0079_0308 Named Glyphs Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences. groff(@MAN7EXT@) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples: \(ch A glyph having the 2-character name ch. \[char_name] A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...). Note that `c' is not the same as `\[c]' (c a single character): The latter is internally mapped to glyph name `\c'. By default, groff defines a single glyph name starting with a backslash, namely `\-', which can be either accessed as `\-' or `\[-]'. \[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...] A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description. In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the con‐ struct `\[charn]' where n is the decimal code of the character, a num‐ ber between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed below. Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request; see groff(@MAN7EXT@). In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff documentation, CSTR 54. Entries marked with `***' denote glyphs for mathematical purposes (mainly used for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which make them unusable in normal text. Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes name name decomposed Ð \[-D] Eth u00D0 uppercase eth ð \[Sd] eth u00F0 lowercase eth Þ \[TP] Thorn u00DE uppercase thorn þ \[Tp] thorn u00FE lowercase thorn ß \[ss] germandbls u00DF German sharp s Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs ff \[ff] ff u0066_0066 ff ligature + fi \[fi] fi u0066_0069 fi ligature + fl \[fl] fl u0066_006C fl ligature + ffi \[Fi] ffi u0066_0066_0069 ffi ligature + ffl \[Fl] ffl u0066_0066_006C ffl ligature + Ł \[/L] Lslash u0141 (Polish) ł \[/l] lslash u0142 (Polish) Ø \[/O] Oslash u00D8 (Scandinavic) ø \[/o] oslash u00F8 (Scandinavic) Æ \[AE] AE u00C6 æ \[ae] ae u00E6 Œ \[OE] OE u0152 œ \[oe] oe u0153 IJ \[IJ] IJ u0132 (Dutch) ij \[ij] ij u0133 (Dutch) ı \[.i] dotlessi u0131 (Turkish) (N/A) \[.j] dotlessj --- j without a dot Accented Characters Á \['A] Aacute u0041_0301 Ć \['C] Cacute u0043_0301 É \['E] Eacute u0045_0301 Í \['I] Iacute u0049_0301 Ó \['O] Oacute u004F_0301 Ú \['U] Uacute u0055_0301 Ý \['Y] Yacute u0059_0301 á \['a] aacute u0061_0301 ć \['c] cacute u0063_0301 é \['e] eacute u0065_0301 í \['i] iacute u0069_0301 ó \['o] oacute u006F_0301 ú \['u] uacute u0075_0301 ý \['y] yacute u0079_0301 Ä \[:A] Adieresis u0041_0308 A with umlaut Ë \[:E] Edieresis u0045_0308 Ï \[:I] Idieresis u0049_0308 Ö \[:O] Odieresis u004F_0308 Ü \[:U] Udieresis u0055_0308 Ÿ \[:Y] Ydieresis u0059_0308 ä \[:a] adieresis u0061_0308 ë \[:e] edieresis u0065_0308 ï \[:i] idieresis u0069_0308 ö \[:o] odieresis u006F_0308 ü \[:u] udieresis u0075_0308 ÿ \[:y] ydieresis u0079_0308  \[^A] Acircumflex u0041_0302 Ê \[^E] Ecircumflex u0045_0302 Î \[^I] Icircumflex u0049_0302 Ô \[^O] Ocircumflex u004F_0302 Û \[^U] Ucircumflex u0055_0302 â \[^a] acircumflex u0061_0302 ê \[^e] ecircumflex u0065_0302 î \[^i] icircumflex u0069_0302 ô \[^o] ocircumflex u006F_0302 û \[^u] ucircumflex u0075_0302 À \[`A] Agrave u0041_0300 È \[`E] Egrave u0045_0300 Ì \[`I] Igrave u0049_0300 Ò \[`O] Ograve u004F_0300 Ù \[`U] Ugrave u0055_0300 à \[`a] agrave u0061_0300 è \[`e] egrave u0065_0300 ì \[`i] igrave u0069_0300 ò \[`o] ograve u006F_0300 ù \[`u] ugrave u0075_0300 à \[~A] Atilde u0041_0303 Ñ \[~N] Ntilde u004E_0303 Õ \[~O] Otilde u004F_0303 ã \[~a] atilde u0061_0303 ñ \[~n] ntilde u006E_0303 õ \[~o] otilde u006F_0303 Š \[vS] Scaron u0053_030C š \[vs] scaron u0073_030C Ž \[vZ] Zcaron u005A_030C ž \[vz] zcaron u007A_030C Ç \[,C] Ccedilla u0043_0327 ç \[,c] ccedilla u0063_0327 Å \[oA] Aring u0041_030A å \[oa] aring u0061_030A Accents The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing) ones. Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes name name decomposed ˝ \[a"] hungarumlaut u030B (u02DD) (Hungarian) ¯ \[a-] macron u0304 (u00AF) ˙ \[a.] dotaccent u0307 (u02D9) ^ \[a^] circumflex u0302 (u005E) ´ \[aa] acute u0301 (u00B4) + ` \[ga] grave u0300 (u0060) + ˘ \[ab] breve u0306 (u02D8) ¸ \[ac] cedilla u0327 (u00B8) ¨ \[ad] dieresis u0308 (u00A8) umlaut ˇ \[ah] caron u030C (u02C7) háˇcek ˚ \[ao] ring u030A (u02DA) circle ~ \[a~] tilde u0303 (u007E) ˛ \[ho] ogonek u0328 (u02DB) hook ^ \[ha] asciicircum u005E (spacing) ~ \[ti] asciitilde u007E (spacing) Quotes „ \[Bq] quotedblbase u201E low double comma quote ‚ \[bq] quotesinglbase u201A low single comma quote “ \[lq] quotedblleft u201C ” \[rq] quotedblright u201D ‘ \[oq] quoteleft u2018 single open quote ’ \[cq] quoteright u2019 single closing quote ' \[aq] quotesingle u0027 apostrophe quote (ASCII 39) " \[dq] quotedbl u0022 double quote (ASCII 34) « \[Fo] guillemotleft u00AB » \[Fc] guillemotright u00BB ‹ \[fo] guilsinglleft u2039 › \[fc] guilsinglright u203A Punctuation ¡ \[r!] exclamdown u00A1 ¿ \[r?] questiondown u00BF — \[em] emdash u2014 + – \[en] endash u2013 ‐ \[hy] hyphen u2010 + Brackets The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets, braces, and parentheses: `bv'. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA. Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can be piled up with `\b' due to the restrictions of the escape's piling algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the following macro: .\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em .\" above the baseline. .\" The first argument is placed at the top. .\" The pile is returned in string `pile' .eo .de pile-make . nr pile-wd 0 . nr pile-ht 0 . ds pile-args . . nr pile-# \n[.$] . while \n[pile-#] \{\ . nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]') . nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb]) . as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\" . as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\" . as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\" . nr pile-# -1 . \} . . ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\" . as pile \*[pile-args]\" . as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\" . as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\" .. .ec Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical symbols also, for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' oper‐ ator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc' are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all devices (provided those glyphs exist). Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes name name decomposed [ \[lB] bracketleft u005B ] \[rB] bracketright u005D { \[lC] braceleft u007B } \[rC] braceright u007D ⟨ \[la] angleleft u27E8 left angle bracket ⟩ \[ra] angleright u27E9 right angle bracket ⎪ \[bv] braceex u23AA vertical exten‐ sion *** + ⎪ \[braceex] braceex u23AA ⎡ \[bracketlefttp] bracketlefttp u23A1 ⎣ \[bracketleftbt] bracketleftbt u23A3 ⎢ \[bracketleftex] bracketleftex u23A2 ⎤ \[bracketrighttp] bracketrighttp u23A4 ⎦ \[bracketrightbt] bracketrightbt u23A6 ⎥ \[bracketrightex] bracketrightex u23A5 ╭ \[lt] bracelefttp u23A7 + ⎧ \[bracelefttp] bracelefttp u23A7 ┥ \[lk] braceleftmid u23A8 + ⎨ \[braceleftmid] braceleftmid u23A8 ╰ \[lb] braceleftbt u23A9 + ⎩ \[braceleftbt] braceleftbt u23A9 ⎪ \[braceleftex] braceleftex u23AA ╮ \[rt] bracerighttp u23AB + ⎫ \[bracerighttp] bracerighttp u23AB ┝ \[rk] bracerightmid u23AC + ⎬ \[bracerightmid] bracerightmid u23AC ╯ \[rb] bracerightbt u23AD + ⎭ \[bracerightbt] bracerightbt u23AD ⎪ \[bracerightex] bracerightex u23AA ⎛ \[parenlefttp] parenlefttp u239B ⎝ \[parenleftbt] parenleftbt u239D ⎜ \[parenleftex] parenleftex u239C ⎞ \[parenrighttp] parenrighttp u239E ⎠ \[parenrightbt] parenrightbt u23A0 ⎟ \[parenrightex] parenrightex u239F Arrows ← \[<-] arrowleft u2190 + → \[->] arrowright u2192 + ↔ \[<>] arrowboth u2194 (horizontal) ↓ \[da] arrowdown u2193 + ↑ \[ua] arrowup u2191 + ↕ \[va] arrowupdn u2195 ⇐ \[lA] arrowdblleft u21D0 ⇒ \[rA] arrowdblright u21D2 ⇔ \[hA] arrowdblboth u21D4 (horizontal) ⇓ \[dA] arrowdbldown u21D3 ⇑ \[uA] arrowdblup u21D1 ⇕ \[vA] uni21D5 u21D5 vertical double- headed double arrow ⎯ \[an] arrowhorizex u23AF horizontal arrow extension Lines The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode- derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations. `rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the square root sign. `ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m. Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes name name decomposed | \[ba] bar u007C │ \[br] SF110000 u2502 box rule + _ \[ul] underscore u005F + ‾ \[rn] overline u203E use `\[radicalex]' for continuation of square root + _ \[ru] --- --- baseline rule + ¦ \[bb] brokenbar u00A6 / \[sl] slash u002F + \ \[rs] backslash u005C reverse solidus Box drawing (N/A) \[U2500] uni2500 U2500 Light Horizontal (N/A) \[U2501] uni2501 U2501 Heavy Horizontal (N/A) \[U2502] uni2502 U2502 Light Vertical (N/A) \[U2503] uni2503 U2503 Heavy Vertical (N/A) \[U2504] uni2504 U2504 Light Triple Dash Hor‐ izontal (N/A) \[U2505] uni2505 U2505 Heavy triple dash hor‐ izontal ┆ \[u2506] uni2506 u2506 Light triple dash ver‐ tical ┇ \[u2507] uni2507 u2507 Heavy triple dash ver‐ tical ┈ \[u2508] uni2508 u2508 Light quadruple dash horizontal ┉ \[u2509] uni2509 u2509 Heavy quadruple dash horizontal (N/A) \[u250a] uni250a u250a Light quadruple dash vertical (N/A) \[u250b] uni250b u250b Heavy quadruple dash vertical (N/A) \[u250c] uni250c u250c Light down and right (N/A) \[u250d] uni250d u250d Down light and right heavy (N/A) \[u250e] uni250e u250e Down heavy and right light (N/A) \[u250f] uni250f u250f Heavy down and right ┐ \[u2510] uni2510 u2510 Light down and left ┑ \[u2511] uni2511 u2511 Down light and left heavy ┒ \[u2512] uni2512 u2512 Down heavy and left light ┓ \[u2513] uni2513 u2513 Heavy down and left └ \[u2514] uni2514 u2514 Light up and right ┕ \[u2515] uni2515 u2515 Up light and right heavy ┖ \[u2516] uni2516 u2516 Up heavy and right light ┗ \[u2517] uni2517 u2517 Heavy up and right ┘ \[u2518] uni2518 u2518 Light up and left ┙ \[u2519] uni2519 u2519 Up light and left heavy (N/A) \[u251a] uni251a u251a Up heavy and left light (N/A) \[u251b] uni251b u251b Heavy up and left (N/A) \[u251c] uni251c u251c Light vertical and right (N/A) \[u251d] uni251d u251d Vertical light and right heavy (N/A) \[u251e] uni251e u251e Up heavy and right down light (N/A) \[u251f] uni251f u251f Down heavy and right up light ┠ \[u2520] uni2520 u2520 Vertical heavy and right light ┡ \[u2521] uni2521 u2521 Down light and right up heavy ┢ \[u2522] uni2522 u2522 Up light and right down heavy ┣ \[u2523] uni2523 u2523 Heavy vertical and right ┤ \[u2524] uni2524 u2524 Light vertical and left ┥ \[u2525] uni2525 u2525 Vertical light and left heavy ┦ \[u2526] uni2526 u2526 Up heavy and left down light ┧ \[u2527] uni2527 u2527 Down heavy and left up light ┨ \[u2528] uni2528 u2528 Vertical heavy and left light ┩ \[u2529] uni2529 u2529 Down light and left up heavy (N/A) \[u252a] uni252a u252a Up light and left down heavy (N/A) \[u252b] uni252b u252b Heavy vertical and left (N/A) \[u252c] uni252c u252c Light down and hori‐ zontal (N/A) \[u252d] uni252d u252d Left heavy and right down light (N/A) \[u252e] uni252e u252e Right heavy and left down light (N/A) \[u252f] uni252f u252f Down light and hori‐ zontal heavy ┰ \[u2530] uni2530 u2530 Down heavy and hori‐ zontal light ┱ \[u2531] uni2531 u2531 Right light and left down heavy ┲ \[u2532] uni2532 u2532 Left light and right down heavy ┳ \[u2533] uni2533 u2533 Heavy down and hori‐ zontal ┴ \[u2534] uni2534 u2534 Light up and horizon‐ tal ┵ \[u2535] uni2535 u2535 Left heavy and right up light ┶ \[u2536] uni2536 u2536 Right heavy and left up light ┷ \[u2537] uni2537 u2537 Up light and horizon‐ tal heavy ┸ \[u2538] uni2538 u2538 Up heavy and horizon‐ tal light ┹ \[u2539] uni2539 u2539 Right light and left up heavy (N/A) \[u253a] uni253a u253a Left light and right up heavy (N/A) \[u253b] uni253b u253b Heavy up and horizon‐ tal (N/A) \[u253c] uni253c u253c Light vertical and horizontal (N/A) \[u253d] uni253d u253d Left heavy and right vertical light (N/A) \[u253e] uni253e u253e Right heavy and left vertical light (N/A) \[u253f] uni253f u253f Vertical light and horizontal heavy ╀ \[u2540] uni2540 u2540 Up heavy and down hor‐ izontal light ╁ \[u2541] uni2541 u2541 Down heavy and up hor‐ izontal light ╂ \[u2542] uni2542 u2542 Vertical heavy and horizontal light ╃ \[u2543] uni2543 u2543 Left up heavy and right down light ╄ \[u2544] uni2544 u2544 Right up heavy and left down light ╅ \[u2545] uni2545 u2545 Left down heavy and right up light ╆ \[u2546] uni2546 u2546 Right down heavy and left up light ╇ \[u2547] uni2547 u2547 Down light and up hor‐ izontal heavy ╈ \[u2548] uni2548 u2548 Up light and down hor‐ izontal heavy ╉ \[u2549] uni2549 u2549 Right light and left vertical heavy (N/A) \[u254a] uni254a u254a Left light and right vertical heavy (N/A) \[u254b] uni254b u254b Heavy vertical and horizontal (N/A) \[u254c] uni254c u254c Light double dash hor‐ izontal (N/A) \[u254d] uni254d u254d Heavy double dash hor‐ izontal (N/A) \[u254e] uni254e u254e Light double dash ver‐ tical (N/A) \[u254f] uni254f u254f Heavy double dash ver‐ tical ═ \[u2550] uni2550 u2550 Double horizontal ║ \[u2551] uni2551 u2551 Double vertical ╒ \[u2552] uni2552 u2552 Down single and right double ╓ \[u2553] uni2553 u2553 Down double and right single ╔ \[u2554] uni2554 u2554 Double down and right ╕ \[u2555] uni2555 u2555 Down single and left double ╖ \[u2556] uni2556 u2556 Down double and left single ╗ \[u2557] uni2557 u2557 Double down and left ╘ \[u2558] uni2558 u2558 Up single and right double ╙ \[u2559] uni2559 u2559 Up double and right single (N/A) \[u255a] uni255a u255a Double up and right (N/A) \[u255b] uni255b u255b Up single and left double (N/A) \[u255c] uni255c u255c Up double and left single (N/A) \[u255d] uni255d u255d Double up and left (N/A) \[u255e] uni255e u255e Vertical single and right double (N/A) \[u255f] uni255f u255f Vertical double and right single ╠ \[u2560] uni2560 u2560 Double vertical and right ╡ \[u2561] uni2561 u2561 Vertical single and left double ╢ \[u2562] uni2562 u2562 Vertical double and left single ╣ \[u2563] uni2563 u2563 Double vertical and left ╤ \[u2564] uni2564 u2564 Down single and hori‐ zontal double ╥ \[u2565] uni2565 u2565 Down double and hori‐ zontal single ╦ \[u2566] uni2566 u2566 Double down and hori‐ zontal ╧ \[u2567] uni2567 u2567 Up single and horizon‐ tal double ╨ \[u2568] uni2568 u2568 Up double and horizon‐ tal single ╩ \[u2569] uni2569 u2569 Double up and horizon‐ tal (N/A) \[u256a] uni256a u256a Vertical single and horizontal double (N/A) \[u256b] uni256b u256b Vertical double and horizontal single (N/A) \[u256c] uni256c u256c Double vertical and horizontal (N/A) \[u256d] uni256d u256d Light arc down and right (N/A) \[u256e] uni256e u256e Light arc down and left (N/A) \[u256f] uni256f u256f Light arc up and left ╰ \[u2570] uni2570 u2570 Light arc up and right ╱ \[u2571] uni2571 u2571 Light diagonal upper right to lower left ╲ \[u2572] uni2572 u2572 Light diagonal upper left to lower right ╳ \[u2573] uni2573 u2573 Light diagonal cross ╴ \[u2574] uni2574 u2574 Light left ╵ \[u2575] uni2575 u2575 Light up ╶ \[u2576] uni2576 u2576 Light right ╷ \[u2577] uni2577 u2577 Light down ╸ \[u2578] uni2578 u2578 Heavy left ╹ \[u2579] uni2579 u2579 Heavy up (N/A) \[u257a] uni257a u257a Heavy right (N/A) \[u257b] uni257b u257b Heavy down (N/A) \[u257c] uni257c u257c Light left and heavy right (N/A) \[u257d] uni257d u257d Light up and heavy down (N/A) \[u257e] uni257e u257e Heavy left and light right (N/A) \[u257f] uni257f u257f Heavy up and light down Block elements ▀ \[u2580] uni2580 u2580 Upper half block ▁ \[u2581] uni2581 u2581 Lower one eighth block ▂ \[u2582] uni2582 u2582 Lower one quarter block ▃ \[u2583] uni2583 u2583 Lower three eighths block ▄ \[u2584] uni2584 u2584 Lower half block ▅ \[u2585] uni2585 u2585 Lower five eighths block ▆ \[u2586] uni2586 u2586 Lower three quarters block ▇ \[u2587] uni2587 u2587 Lower seven eighths block █ \[u2588] uni2588 u2588 Full block ▉ \[u2589] uni2589 u2589 Left seven eighths block (N/A) \[u258a] uni258a u258a Left three quarters block (N/A) \[u258b] uni258b u258b Left five eighths block (N/A) \[u258c] uni258c u258c Left half block (N/A) \[u258d] uni258d u258d Left three eighths block (N/A) \[u258e] uni258e u258e Left one quarter block (N/A) \[u258f] uni258f u258f Left one eighth block ▐ \[u2590] uni2590 u2590 Right half block ░ \[u2591] uni2591 u2591 Light shade ▒ \[u2592] uni2592 u2592 Medium shade ▓ \[u2593] uni2593 u2593 Dark shade ▔ \[u2594] uni2594 u2594 Upper one eighth block ▕ \[u2595] uni2595 u2595 Right one eighth block ▖ \[u2596] uni2596 u2596 Quadrant lower left ▗ \[u2597] uni2597 u2597 Quadrant lower right ▘ \[u2598] uni2598 u2598 Quadrant upper left ▙ \[u2599] uni2599 u2599 Quadrant upper left and lower left and lower right (N/A) \[u259a] uni259a u259a Quadrant upper left and lower right (N/A) \[u259b] uni259b u259b Quadrant upper left and upper right and lower left (N/A) \[u259c] uni259c u259c Quadrant upper left and upper right and lower right (N/A) \[u259d] uni259d u259d Quadrant upper right (N/A) \[u259e] uni259e u259e Quadrant upper right and lower left (N/A) \[u259f] uni259f u259f Quadrant upper right and lower left and lower right Geometric shapes (N/A) \[u25a0] uni25a0 u25a0 Black square (N/A) \[u25a1] uni25a1 u25a1 White square (N/A) \[u25a2] uni25a2 u25a2 White square with rounded corners (N/A) \[u25a3] uni25a3 u25a3 White square contain‐ ing black small square (N/A) \[u25a4] uni25a4 u25a4 Square with horizontal fill (N/A) \[u25a5] uni25a5 u25a5 Square with vertical fill (N/A) \[u25a6] uni25a6 u25a6 Square with orthogonal crosshatch fill (N/A) \[u25a7] uni25a7 u25a7 Square with upper left to lower right fill (N/A) \[u25a8] uni25a8 u25a8 Square with upper right to lower left fill (N/A) \[u25a9] uni25a9 u25a9 Square with diagonal crosshatch fill (N/A) \[u25aa] uni25aa u25aa Black small square (N/A) \[u25ab] uni25ab u25ab White small square (N/A) \[u25ac] uni25ac u25ac Black rectangle (N/A) \[u25ad] uni25ad u25ad White rectangle (N/A) \[u25ae] uni25ae u25ae Black vertical rectan‐ gle (N/A) \[u25af] uni25af u25af White vertical rectan‐ gle (N/A) \[u25b0] uni25b0 u25b0 Black parallelogram (N/A) \[u25b1] uni25b1 u25b1 White parallelogram (N/A) \[u25b2] uni25b2 u25b2 Black up-pointing tri‐ angle (N/A) \[u25b3] uni25b3 u25b3 White up-pointing tri‐ angle (N/A) \[u25b4] uni25b4 u25b4 Black up-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25b5] uni25b5 u25b5 White up-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25b6] uni25b6 u25b6 Black right-pointing triangle (N/A) \[u25b7] uni25b7 u25b7 White right-pointing triangle (N/A) \[u25b8] uni25b8 u25b8 Black right-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25b9] uni25b9 u25b9 White right-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25ba] uni25ba u25ba Black right-pointing pointer (N/A) \[u25bb] uni25bb u25bb White right-pointing pointer (N/A) \[u25bc] uni25bc u25bc Black down-pointing triangle (N/A) \[u25bd] uni25bd u25bd White down-pointing triangle (N/A) \[u25be] uni25be u25be Black down-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25bf] uni25bf u25bf White down-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25c0] uni25c0 u25c0 Black left-pointing triangle (N/A) \[u25c1] uni25c1 u25c1 White left-pointing triangle (N/A) \[u25c2] uni25c2 u25c2 Black left-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25c3] uni25c3 u25c3 White left-pointing small triangle (N/A) \[u25c4] uni25c4 u25c4 Black left-pointing pointer (N/A) \[u25c5] uni25c5 u25c5 White left-pointing pointer (N/A) \[u25c6] uni25c6 u25c6 Black diamond (N/A) \[u25c7] uni25c7 u25c7 White diamond (N/A) \[u25c8] uni25c8 u25c8 White diamond contain‐ ing black small dia‐ mond (N/A) \[u25c9] uni25c9 u25c9 Fisheye (N/A) \[u25ca] uni25ca u25ca Lozenge (N/A) \[u25cb] uni25cb u25cb White circle (N/A) \[u25cc] uni25cc u25cc Dotted circle (N/A) \[u25cd] uni25cd u25cd Circle with vertical fill (N/A) \[u25ce] uni25ce u25ce Bullseye (N/A) \[u25cf] uni25cf u25cf Black circle (N/A) \[u25d0] uni25d0 u25d0 Circle with left half black (N/A) \[u25d1] uni25d1 u25d1 Circle with right half black (N/A) \[u25d2] uni25d2 u25d2 Circle with lower half black (N/A) \[u25d3] uni25d3 u25d3 Circle with upper half black (N/A) \[u25d4] uni25d4 u25d4 Circle with upper right quadrant black (N/A) \[u25d5] uni25d5 u25d5 Circle with all but upper left quadrant black (N/A) \[u25d6] uni25d6 u25d6 Left half black circle (N/A) \[u25d7] uni25d7 u25d7 Right half black cir‐ cle (N/A) \[u25d8] uni25d8 u25d8 Inverse bullet (N/A) \[u25d9] uni25d9 u25d9 Inverse white circle (N/A) \[u25da] uni25da u25da Upper half inverse white circle (N/A) \[u25db] uni25db u25db Lower half inverse white circle (N/A) \[u25dc] uni25dc u25dc Upper left quadrant circular arc (N/A) \[u25dd] uni25dd u25dd Upper right quadrant circular arc (N/A) \[u25de] uni25de u25de Lower right quadrant circular arc (N/A) \[u25df] uni25df u25df Lower left quadrant circular arc (N/A) \[u25e0] uni25e0 u25e0 Upper half circle (N/A) \[u25e1] uni25e1 u25e1 Lower half circle (N/A) \[u25e2] uni25e2 u25e2 Black lower right tri‐ angle (N/A) \[u25e3] uni25e3 u25e3 Black lower left tri‐ angle (N/A) \[u25e4] uni25e4 u25e4 Black upper left tri‐ angle (N/A) \[u25e5] uni25e5 u25e5 Black upper right tri‐ angle (N/A) \[u25e6] uni25e6 u25e6 White bullet (N/A) \[u25e7] uni25e7 u25e7 Square with left half black (N/A) \[u25e8] uni25e8 u25e8 Square with right half black (N/A) \[u25e9] uni25e9 u25e9 Square with upper left diagonal half black (N/A) \[u25ea] uni25ea u25ea Square with lower right diagonal half black (N/A) \[u25eb] uni25eb u25eb White square with ver‐ tical bisecting line (N/A) \[u25ec] uni25ec u25ec White up-pointing tri‐ angle with dot (N/A) \[u25ed] uni25ed u25ed Up-pointing triangle with left half black (N/A) \[u25ee] uni25ee u25ee Up-pointing triangle with right half black (N/A) \[u25ef] uni25ef u25ef Large circle (N/A) \[u25f0] uni25f0 u25f0 White square with upper left quadrant (N/A) \[u25f1] uni25f1 u25f1 White square with lower left quadrant (N/A) \[u25f2] uni25f2 u25f2 White square with lower right quadrant (N/A) \[u25f3] uni25f3 u25f3 White square with upper right quadrant (N/A) \[u25f4] uni25f4 u25f4 White circle with upper left quadrant (N/A) \[u25f5] uni25f5 u25f5 White circle with lower left quadrant (N/A) \[u25f6] uni25f6 u25f6 White circle with lower right quadrant (N/A) \[u25f7] uni25f7 u25f7 White circle with upper right quadrant (N/A) \[u25f8] uni25f8 u25f8 Upper left triangle (N/A) \[u25f9] uni25f9 u25f9 Upper right triangle (N/A) \[u25fa] uni25fa u25fa Lower left triangle (N/A) \[u25fb] uni25fb u25fb White medium square (N/A) \[u25fc] uni25fc u25fc Black medium square (N/A) \[u25fd] uni25fd u25fd White medium small square (N/A) \[u25fe] uni25fe u25fe Black medium small square (N/A) \[u25ff] uni25ff u25ff Lower right triangle Text markers ○ \[ci] circle u25CB + · \[bu] bullet u2022 + ‡ \[dd] daggerdbl u2021 double dagger sign + † \[dg] dagger u2020 + ◊ \[lz] lozenge u25CA □ \[sq] uni25A1 u25A1 white square + ¶ \[ps] paragraph u00B6 § \[sc] section u00A7 + ☜ \[lh] uni261C u261C hand pointing left + ☞ \[rh] a14 u261E hand pointing right + @ \[at] at u0040 # \[sh] numbersign u0023 ↵ \[CR] carriagereturn u21B5 ✓ \[OK] a19 u2713 check mark, tick Legal Symbols © \[co] copyright u00A9 + ® \[rg] registered u00AE + ™ \[tm] trademark u2122 (N/A) \[bs] --- --- AT&T Bell Labs logo (not used in groff) + Currency symbols $ \[Do] dollar u0024 ¢ \[ct] cent u00A2 + € \[eu] --- u20AC official Euro symbol € \[Eu] Euro u20AC font-specific Euro glyph variant ¥ \[Ye] yen u00A5 £ \[Po] sterling u00A3 British currency sign ¤ \[Cs] currency u00A4 Scandinavian currency sign ƒ \[Fn] florin u0192 Dutch currency sign Units ° \[de] degree u00B0 + ‰ \[%0] perthousand u2030 per thousand, per mille sign ′ \[fm] minute u2032 footmark, prime + ″ \[sd] second u2033 µ \[mc] mu u00B5 micro sign ª \[Of] ordfeminine u00AA º \[Om] ordmasculine u00BA Logical Symbols ∧ \[AN] logicaland u2227 ∨ \[OR] logicalor u2228 ¬ \[no] logicalnot u00AC + ¬ \[tno] logicalnot u00AC text variant of `no' ∃ \[te] existential u2203 there exists, existen‐ tial quantifier ∀ \[fa] universal u2200 for all, universal quantifier ∋ \[st] suchthat u220B ∴ \[3d] therefore u2234 ∴ \[tf] therefore u2234 | \[or] bar u007C bitwise OR operator (as used in C) + Mathematical Symbols ½ \[12] onehalf u00BD + ¼ \[14] onequarter u00BC + ¾ \[34] threequarters u00BE + ⅛ \[18] oneeighth u215B ⅜ \[38] threeeighths u215C ⅝ \[58] fiveeighths u215D ⅞ \[78] seveneighths u215E ¹ \[S1] onesuperior u00B9 ² \[S2] twosuperior u00B2 ³ \[S3] threesuperior u00B3 + \[pl] plus u002B plus sign in special font + − \[mi] minus u2212 minus sign in special font + ∓ \[-+] uni2213 u2213 ± \[+-] plusminus u00B1 + ± \[t+-] plusminus u00B1 text variant of `+-' · \[pc] periodcentered u00B7 ⋅ \[md] dotmath u22C5 multiplication dot × \[mu] multiply u00D7 + × \[tmu] multiply u00D7 text variant of `mu' ⊗ \[c*] circlemultiply u2297 multiply sign in a circle ⊕ \[c+] circleplus u2295 plus sign in a circle ÷ \[di] divide u00F7 division sign + ÷ \[tdi] divide u00F7 text variant of `di' ⁄ \[f/] fraction u2044 bar for fractions ∗ \[**] asteriskmath u2217 + ≤ \[<=] lessequal u2264 + ≥ \[>=] greaterequal u2265 + ≪ \[<<] uni226A u226A much less ≫ \[>>] uni226B u226B much greater = \[eq] equal u003D equals sign in special font + ≠ \[!=] notequal u003D_0338 + ≡ \[==] equivalence u2261 + ≢ \[ne] uni2262 u2261_0338 ≅ \[=~] congruent u2245 approx. equal ≃ \[|=] uni2243 u2243 asymptot. equal to + ∼ \[ap] similar u223C + ≈ \[~~] approxequal u2248 almost equal to ≈ \[~=] approxequal u2248 ∝ \[pt] proportional u221D + ∅ \[es] emptyset u2205 + ∈ \[mo] element u2208 + ∉ \[nm] notelement u2208_0338 ⊂ \[sb] propersubset u2282 + ⊄ \[nb] notsubset u2282_0338 ⊃ \[sp] propersuperset u2283 + ⊅ \[nc] uni2285 u2283_0338 not superset ⊆ \[ib] reflexsubset u2286 + ⊇ \[ip] reflexsuperset u2287 + ∩ \[ca] intersection u2229 intersection, cap + ∪ \[cu] union u222A union, cup + ∠ \[/_] angle u2220 ⊥ \[pp] perpendicular u22A5 ∫ \[is] integral u222B + ∫ \[integral] integral u222B *** ∑ \[sum] summation u2211 *** ∏ \[product] product u220F *** ∐ \[coproduct] uni2210 u2210 *** ∇ \[gr] gradient u2207 + √ \[sr] radical u221A square root + √ \[sqrt] radical u221A *** (N/A) \[radicalex] radicalex --- continuation of square root (N/A) \[sqrtex] radicalex --- *** ⌈ \[lc] uni2308 u2308 left ceiling + ⌉ \[rc] uni2309 u2309 right ceiling + ⌊ \[lf] uni230A u230A left floor + ⌋ \[rf] uni230B u230B right floor + ∞ \[if] infinity u221E + ℵ \[Ah] aleph u2135 ℑ \[Im] Ifraktur u2111 Gothic I, imaginary ℜ \[Re] Rfraktur u211C Gothic R, real ℘ \[wp] weierstrass u2118 Weierstrass p ∂ \[pd] partialdiff u2202 partial differentia‐ tion sign + ℏ \[-h] uni210F u210F Planck constant over two pi ℏ \[hbar] uni210F u210F Greek glyphs These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; nor‐ mally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Uni‐ code. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6, GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5 is the stroked variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in Unicode. At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely to happen – being conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a PostScript symbol font is the stroked version. In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and `\[+f]' the curly variant. Α \[*A] Alpha u0391 + Β \[*B] Beta u0392 + Γ \[*G] Gamma u0393 + Δ \[*D] Delta u0394 + Ε \[*E] Epsilon u0395 + Ζ \[*Z] Zeta u0396 + Η \[*Y] Eta u0397 + Θ \[*H] Theta u0398 + Ι \[*I] Iota u0399 + Κ \[*K] Kappa u039A + Λ \[*L] Lambda u039B + Μ \[*M] Mu u039C + Ν \[*N] Nu u039D + Ξ \[*C] Xi u039E + Ο \[*O] Omicron u039F + Π \[*P] Pi u03A0 + Ρ \[*R] Rho u03A1 + Σ \[*S] Sigma u03A3 + Τ \[*T] Tau u03A4 + Υ \[*U] Upsilon u03A5 + Φ \[*F] Phi u03A6 + Χ \[*X] Chi u03A7 + Ψ \[*Q] Psi u03A8 + Ω \[*W] Omega u03A9 + α \[*a] alpha u03B1 + β \[*b] beta u03B2 + γ \[*g] gamma u03B3 + δ \[*d] delta u03B4 + ε \[*e] epsilon u03B5 + ζ \[*z] zeta u03B6 + η \[*y] eta u03B7 + θ \[*h] theta u03B8 + ι \[*i] iota u03B9 + κ \[*k] kappa u03BA + λ \[*l] lambda u03BB + μ \[*m] mu u03BC + ν \[*n] nu u03BD + ξ \[*c] xi u03BE + ο \[*o] omicron u03BF + π \[*p] pi u03C0 + ρ \[*r] rho u03C1 + ς \[ts] sigma1 u03C2 terminal sigma + σ \[*s] sigma u03C3 + τ \[*t] tau u03C4 + υ \[*u] upsilon u03C5 + ϕ \[*f] phi u03D5 (stroked glyph)+ χ \[*x] chi u03C7 + ψ \[*q] psi u03C8 + ω \[*w] omega u03C9 + ϑ \[+h] theta1 u03D1 variant theta φ \[+f] phi1 u03C6 variant phi (curly shape) ϖ \[+p] omega1 u03D6 variant pi, looking like omega ϵ \[+e] uni03F5 u03F5 variant epsilon Card symbols ♣ \[CL] club u2663 black club suit ♠ \[SP] spade u2660 black spade suit ♥ \[HE] heart u2665 black heart suit ♢ \[u2662] uni2662 u2662 white heart suit ♦ \[DI] diamond u2666 black diamond suit ♡ \[u2661] uni2661 u2661 white diamond suit AUTHOR Copyright © 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Docu‐ mentation License) version 1.3 or later. You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the GNU copyleft site ⟨http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html⟩. This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was written by James Clark address@hidden with additions by Werner Lemberg address@hidden and Bernd Warken address@hidden SEE ALSO groff(@MAN1EXT@) the GNU roff formatter groff(@MAN7EXT@) a short reference of the groff formatting language An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J. Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989 The Unicode Standard ⟨http://www.unicode.org⟩ Groff Version @VERSION@ @MDATE@ GROFF_CHAR(@MAN7EXT@)