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[Bug-gnulib] addition: fstrcmp.h, fstrcmp.c
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From: |
Bruno Haible |
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Subject: |
[Bug-gnulib] addition: fstrcmp.h, fstrcmp.c |
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Date: |
Wed, 29 Jan 2003 17:57:06 +0100 (CET) |
Hi,
Here comes a function that is used by msgmerge, but can also be used
for wildly different applications: a function which measures the
similarity of two strings. (In a language neutral sense, not counting
pronounciation, i.e. "beard" and "weird" are just as distant as
"beard" and "heart".)
Objections?
Bruno
============================= fstrcmp.h =============================
/* Fuzzy string comparison.
Copyright (C) 1995, 2000, 2002-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file was written by Peter Miller <address@hidden>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
#ifndef _FSTRCMP_H
#define _FSTRCMP_H
/* Fuzzy compare of S1 and S2. Return a measure for the similarity of S1
and S1. The higher the result, the more similar the strings are. */
extern double fstrcmp (const char *s1, const char *s2);
#endif
============================= fstrcmp.c =============================
/* Functions to make fuzzy comparisons between strings
Copyright (C) 1988-1989, 1992-1993, 1995, 2001-2003 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Derived from GNU diff 2.7, analyze.c et al.
The basic algorithm is described in:
"An O(ND) Difference Algorithm and its Variations", Eugene Myers,
Algorithmica Vol. 1 No. 2, 1986, pp. 251-266;
see especially section 4.2, which describes the variation used below.
The basic algorithm was independently discovered as described in:
"Algorithms for Approximate String Matching", E. Ukkonen,
Information and Control Vol. 64, 1985, pp. 100-118.
Modified to work on strings rather than files
by Peter Miller <address@hidden>, October 1995 */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include "config.h"
#endif
/* Specification. */
#include "fstrcmp.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include "xalloc.h"
/*
* Data on one input string being compared.
*/
struct string_data
{
/* The string to be compared. */
const char *data;
/* The length of the string to be compared. */
int data_length;
/* The number of characters inserted or deleted. */
int edit_count;
};
static struct string_data string[2];
#ifdef MINUS_H_FLAG
/* This corresponds to the diff -H flag. With this heuristic, for
strings with a constant small density of changes, the algorithm is
linear in the strings size. This is unlikely in typical uses of
fstrcmp, and so is usually compiled out. Besides, there is no
interface to set it true. */
static int heuristic;
#endif
/* Vector, indexed by diagonal, containing 1 + the X coordinate of the
point furthest along the given diagonal in the forward search of the
edit matrix. */
static int *fdiag;
/* Vector, indexed by diagonal, containing the X coordinate of the point
furthest along the given diagonal in the backward search of the edit
matrix. */
static int *bdiag;
/* Edit scripts longer than this are too expensive to compute. */
static int too_expensive;
/* Snakes bigger than this are considered `big'. */
#define SNAKE_LIMIT 20
struct partition
{
/* Midpoints of this partition. */
int xmid, ymid;
/* Nonzero if low half will be analyzed minimally. */
int lo_minimal;
/* Likewise for high half. */
int hi_minimal;
};
/* NAME
diag - find diagonal path
SYNOPSIS
int diag(int xoff, int xlim, int yoff, int ylim, int minimal,
struct partition *part);
DESCRIPTION
Find the midpoint of the shortest edit script for a specified
portion of the two strings.
Scan from the beginnings of the strings, and simultaneously from
the ends, doing a breadth-first search through the space of
edit-sequence. When the two searches meet, we have found the
midpoint of the shortest edit sequence.
If MINIMAL is nonzero, find the minimal edit script regardless
of expense. Otherwise, if the search is too expensive, use
heuristics to stop the search and report a suboptimal answer.
RETURNS
Set PART->(XMID,YMID) to the midpoint (XMID,YMID). The diagonal
number XMID - YMID equals the number of inserted characters
minus the number of deleted characters (counting only characters
before the midpoint). Return the approximate edit cost; this is
the total number of characters inserted or deleted (counting
only characters before the midpoint), unless a heuristic is used
to terminate the search prematurely.
Set PART->LEFT_MINIMAL to nonzero iff the minimal edit script
for the left half of the partition is known; similarly for
PART->RIGHT_MINIMAL.
CAVEAT
This function assumes that the first characters of the specified
portions of the two strings do not match, and likewise that the
last characters do not match. The caller must trim matching
characters from the beginning and end of the portions it is
going to specify.
If we return the "wrong" partitions, the worst this can do is
cause suboptimal diff output. It cannot cause incorrect diff
output. */
static int
diag (int xoff, int xlim, int yoff, int ylim, int minimal,
struct partition *part)
{
int *const fd = fdiag; /* Give the compiler a chance. */
int *const bd = bdiag; /* Additional help for the compiler. */
const char *const xv = string[0].data; /* Still more help for the
compiler. */
const char *const yv = string[1].data; /* And more and more . . . */
const int dmin = xoff - ylim; /* Minimum valid diagonal. */
const int dmax = xlim - yoff; /* Maximum valid diagonal. */
const int fmid = xoff - yoff; /* Center diagonal of top-down search. */
const int bmid = xlim - ylim; /* Center diagonal of bottom-up search. */
int fmin = fmid;
int fmax = fmid; /* Limits of top-down search. */
int bmin = bmid;
int bmax = bmid; /* Limits of bottom-up search. */
int c; /* Cost. */
int odd = (fmid - bmid) & 1;
/*
* True if southeast corner is on an odd diagonal with respect
* to the northwest.
*/
fd[fmid] = xoff;
bd[bmid] = xlim;
for (c = 1;; ++c)
{
int d; /* Active diagonal. */
int big_snake;
big_snake = 0;
/* Extend the top-down search by an edit step in each diagonal. */
if (fmin > dmin)
fd[--fmin - 1] = -1;
else
++fmin;
if (fmax < dmax)
fd[++fmax + 1] = -1;
else
--fmax;
for (d = fmax; d >= fmin; d -= 2)
{
int x;
int y;
int oldx;
int tlo;
int thi;
tlo = fd[d - 1],
thi = fd[d + 1];
if (tlo >= thi)
x = tlo + 1;
else
x = thi;
oldx = x;
y = x - d;
while (x < xlim && y < ylim && xv[x] == yv[y])
{
++x;
++y;
}
if (x - oldx > SNAKE_LIMIT)
big_snake = 1;
fd[d] = x;
if (odd && bmin <= d && d <= bmax && bd[d] <= x)
{
part->xmid = x;
part->ymid = y;
part->lo_minimal = part->hi_minimal = 1;
return 2 * c - 1;
}
}
/* Similarly extend the bottom-up search. */
if (bmin > dmin)
bd[--bmin - 1] = INT_MAX;
else
++bmin;
if (bmax < dmax)
bd[++bmax + 1] = INT_MAX;
else
--bmax;
for (d = bmax; d >= bmin; d -= 2)
{
int x;
int y;
int oldx;
int tlo;
int thi;
tlo = bd[d - 1],
thi = bd[d + 1];
if (tlo < thi)
x = tlo;
else
x = thi - 1;
oldx = x;
y = x - d;
while (x > xoff && y > yoff && xv[x - 1] == yv[y - 1])
{
--x;
--y;
}
if (oldx - x > SNAKE_LIMIT)
big_snake = 1;
bd[d] = x;
if (!odd && fmin <= d && d <= fmax && x <= fd[d])
{
part->xmid = x;
part->ymid = y;
part->lo_minimal = part->hi_minimal = 1;
return 2 * c;
}
}
if (minimal)
continue;
#ifdef MINUS_H_FLAG
/* Heuristic: check occasionally for a diagonal that has made lots
of progress compared with the edit distance. If we have any
such, find the one that has made the most progress and return
it as if it had succeeded.
With this heuristic, for strings with a constant small density
of changes, the algorithm is linear in the strings size. */
if (c > 200 && big_snake && heuristic)
{
int best;
best = 0;
for (d = fmax; d >= fmin; d -= 2)
{
int dd;
int x;
int y;
int v;
dd = d - fmid;
x = fd[d];
y = x - d;
v = (x - xoff) * 2 - dd;
if (v > 12 * (c + (dd < 0 ? -dd : dd)))
{
if
(
v > best
&&
xoff + SNAKE_LIMIT <= x
&&
x < xlim
&&
yoff + SNAKE_LIMIT <= y
&&
y < ylim
)
{
/* We have a good enough best diagonal; now insist
that it end with a significant snake. */
int k;
for (k = 1; xv[x - k] == yv[y - k]; k++)
{
if (k == SNAKE_LIMIT)
{
best = v;
part->xmid = x;
part->ymid = y;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
if (best > 0)
{
part->lo_minimal = 1;
part->hi_minimal = 0;
return 2 * c - 1;
}
best = 0;
for (d = bmax; d >= bmin; d -= 2)
{
int dd;
int x;
int y;
int v;
dd = d - bmid;
x = bd[d];
y = x - d;
v = (xlim - x) * 2 + dd;
if (v > 12 * (c + (dd < 0 ? -dd : dd)))
{
if (v > best && xoff < x && x <= xlim - SNAKE_LIMIT &&
yoff < y && y <= ylim - SNAKE_LIMIT)
{
/* We have a good enough best diagonal; now insist
that it end with a significant snake. */
int k;
for (k = 0; xv[x + k] == yv[y + k]; k++)
{
if (k == SNAKE_LIMIT - 1)
{
best = v;
part->xmid = x;
part->ymid = y;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
if (best > 0)
{
part->lo_minimal = 0;
part->hi_minimal = 1;
return 2 * c - 1;
}
}
#endif /* MINUS_H_FLAG */
/* Heuristic: if we've gone well beyond the call of duty, give up
and report halfway between our best results so far. */
if (c >= too_expensive)
{
int fxybest;
int fxbest;
int bxybest;
int bxbest;
/* Pacify `gcc -Wall'. */
fxbest = 0;
bxbest = 0;
/* Find forward diagonal that maximizes X + Y. */
fxybest = -1;
for (d = fmax; d >= fmin; d -= 2)
{
int x;
int y;
x = fd[d] < xlim ? fd[d] : xlim;
y = x - d;
if (ylim < y)
{
x = ylim + d;
y = ylim;
}
if (fxybest < x + y)
{
fxybest = x + y;
fxbest = x;
}
}
/* Find backward diagonal that minimizes X + Y. */
bxybest = INT_MAX;
for (d = bmax; d >= bmin; d -= 2)
{
int x;
int y;
x = xoff > bd[d] ? xoff : bd[d];
y = x - d;
if (y < yoff)
{
x = yoff + d;
y = yoff;
}
if (x + y < bxybest)
{
bxybest = x + y;
bxbest = x;
}
}
/* Use the better of the two diagonals. */
if ((xlim + ylim) - bxybest < fxybest - (xoff + yoff))
{
part->xmid = fxbest;
part->ymid = fxybest - fxbest;
part->lo_minimal = 1;
part->hi_minimal = 0;
}
else
{
part->xmid = bxbest;
part->ymid = bxybest - bxbest;
part->lo_minimal = 0;
part->hi_minimal = 1;
}
return 2 * c - 1;
}
}
}
/* NAME
compareseq - find edit sequence
SYNOPSIS
void compareseq(int xoff, int xlim, int yoff, int ylim, int minimal);
DESCRIPTION
Compare in detail contiguous subsequences of the two strings
which are known, as a whole, to match each other.
The subsequence of string 0 is [XOFF, XLIM) and likewise for
string 1.
Note that XLIM, YLIM are exclusive bounds. All character
numbers are origin-0.
If MINIMAL is nonzero, find a minimal difference no matter how
expensive it is. */
static void
compareseq (int xoff, int xlim, int yoff, int ylim, int minimal)
{
const char *const xv = string[0].data; /* Help the compiler. */
const char *const yv = string[1].data;
/* Slide down the bottom initial diagonal. */
while (xoff < xlim && yoff < ylim && xv[xoff] == yv[yoff])
{
++xoff;
++yoff;
}
/* Slide up the top initial diagonal. */
while (xlim > xoff && ylim > yoff && xv[xlim - 1] == yv[ylim - 1])
{
--xlim;
--ylim;
}
/* Handle simple cases. */
if (xoff == xlim)
{
while (yoff < ylim)
{
++string[1].edit_count;
++yoff;
}
}
else if (yoff == ylim)
{
while (xoff < xlim)
{
++string[0].edit_count;
++xoff;
}
}
else
{
int c;
struct partition part;
/* Find a point of correspondence in the middle of the strings. */
c = diag (xoff, xlim, yoff, ylim, minimal, &part);
if (c == 1)
{
#if 0
/* This should be impossible, because it implies that one of
the two subsequences is empty, and that case was handled
above without calling `diag'. Let's verify that this is
true. */
abort ();
#else
/* The two subsequences differ by a single insert or delete;
record it and we are done. */
if (part.xmid - part.ymid < xoff - yoff)
++string[1].edit_count;
else
++string[0].edit_count;
#endif
}
else
{
/* Use the partitions to split this problem into subproblems. */
compareseq (xoff, part.xmid, yoff, part.ymid, part.lo_minimal);
compareseq (part.xmid, xlim, part.ymid, ylim, part.hi_minimal);
}
}
}
/* NAME
fstrcmp - fuzzy string compare
SYNOPSIS
double fstrcmp(const char *, const char *);
DESCRIPTION
The fstrcmp function may be used to compare two string for
similarity. It is very useful in reducing "cascade" or
"secondary" errors in compilers or other situations where
symbol tables occur.
RETURNS
double; 0 if the strings are entirly dissimilar, 1 if the
strings are identical, and a number in between if they are
similar. */
double
fstrcmp (const char *string1, const char *string2)
{
int i;
size_t fdiag_len;
static int *fdiag_buf;
static size_t fdiag_max;
/* set the info for each string. */
string[0].data = string1;
string[0].data_length = strlen (string1);
string[1].data = string2;
string[1].data_length = strlen (string2);
/* short-circuit obvious comparisons */
if (string[0].data_length == 0 && string[1].data_length == 0)
return 1.0;
if (string[0].data_length == 0 || string[1].data_length == 0)
return 0.0;
/* Set TOO_EXPENSIVE to be approximate square root of input size,
bounded below by 256. */
too_expensive = 1;
for (i = string[0].data_length + string[1].data_length; i != 0; i >>= 2)
too_expensive <<= 1;
if (too_expensive < 256)
too_expensive = 256;
/* Because fstrcmp is typically called multiple times, while scanning
symbol tables, etc, attempt to minimize the number of memory
allocations performed. Thus, we use a static buffer for the
diagonal vectors, and never free them. */
fdiag_len = string[0].data_length + string[1].data_length + 3;
if (fdiag_len > fdiag_max)
{
fdiag_max = fdiag_len;
fdiag_buf = xrealloc (fdiag_buf, fdiag_max * (2 * sizeof (int)));
}
fdiag = fdiag_buf + string[1].data_length + 1;
bdiag = fdiag + fdiag_len;
/* Now do the main comparison algorithm */
string[0].edit_count = 0;
string[1].edit_count = 0;
compareseq (0, string[0].data_length, 0, string[1].data_length, 0);
/* The result is
((number of chars in common) / (average length of the strings)).
This is admittedly biased towards finding that the strings are
similar, however it does produce meaningful results. */
return ((double) (string[0].data_length + string[1].data_length
- string[1].edit_count - string[0].edit_count)
/ (string[0].data_length + string[1].data_length));
}
- [Bug-gnulib] addition: fstrcmp.h, fstrcmp.c,
Bruno Haible <=