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Subject: |
www licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html licenses/po/li... |
Date: |
Fri, 20 Apr 2018 10:29:15 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 18/04/20 10:29:14
Modified files:
licenses : licenses.zh-cn.html
licenses/po : licenses.zh-cn-en.html licenses.zh-cn.po
philosophy : self-interest.zh-cn.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : self-interest.zh-cn-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html 1 Oct 2017 14:00:38 -0000 1.20
+++ licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html 20 Apr 2018 14:29:12 -0000 1.21
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
</div>
<p>
-ä»»ä½è½¯ä»¶é½åºå½ä»¥ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">èªç±è½¯ä»¶</a>
-åå¸ãè¦è®©ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶æ为èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼æ¨éè¦æå®ä»¥èªç±è½¯ä»¶è®¸å¯è¯åå¸ãæ们é常使ç¨
<a href="#GPL">GNU éç¨å
Œ
±è®¸å¯è¯</a> (GNU
-GPL) åå¸è½¯ä»¶ï¼ä½ææ¶æ们ä¹ä½¿ç¨ <a
-href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">å
¶å®èªç±è½¯ä»¶è®¸å¯è¯</a> åå¸è½¯ä»¶ãå¨ GNU
-软件å
ä¸ï¼æ们åªä½¿ç¨ä¸GNU GPLå
¼å®¹ç许å¯è¯ã
+ä»»ä½è½¯ä»¶é½åºå½ä»¥<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">èªç±è½¯ä»¶</a>åå¸ãè¦è®©ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶æ为èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼æ¨éè¦æå®ä»¥èªç±è½¯ä»¶è®¸å¯è¯åå¸ãæ们é常使ç¨<a
+href="#GPL">GNUéç¨å
Œ
±è®¸å¯è¯</a>ï¼GNU
GPLï¼åå¸è½¯ä»¶ï¼æå®æ¯ç¬¬3çææ´æ°ççæ¬ï¼ä½ææ¶æ们ä¹ä½¿ç¨<a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">å
¶ä»çèªç±è½¯ä»¶è®¸å¯è¯</a>åå¸è½¯ä»¶ãå¨GNU软件å
ä¸ï¼æ们åªä½¿ç¨ä¸GNU
+GPLå
¼å®¹ç许å¯è¯ã
</p>
<p>
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons
@@ -394,12 +394,12 @@
<b>ç¿»è¯</b>: Christopher Mengï¼æå¡å¸ï¼2010-2013ã<br></br>
<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>: æå¡å¸ï¼Nan Deng<br></br>
<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/"><CTT></a>ï¼2017ã</div>
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/"><CTT></a>ï¼2017ï¼2018ã</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æåæ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2017/10/01 14:00:38 $
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:12 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html 19 Aug 2017 10:30:28 -0000 1.5
+++ licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html 20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000 1.6
@@ -28,12 +28,13 @@
<p>
Published software should be <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
-software</a>. To make it free software, you need to release it
-under a free software license. We normally use the <a
-href="#GPL">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL),
-but occasionally we use <a
href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">other
-free software licenses</a>. We use only licenses that are compatible
-with the GNU GPL for GNU software.
+software</a>. To make it free software, you need to release it under
+a free software license. We normally use the <a href="#GPL">GNU
+General Public License</a> (GNU GPL), specifying version 3 or any
+later version, but occasionally we
+use <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">other free
+software licenses</a>. We use only licenses that are compatible with
+the GNU GPL for GNU software.
</p>
<p>
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -508,7 +509,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/08/19 10:30:28 $
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po 20 Apr 2018 14:12:49 -0000 1.41
+++ licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po 20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000 1.42
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
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# type: Content of: <title>
Index: philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html 30 Dec 2011 05:19:01 -0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html 20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000 1.4
@@ -1,158 +1,132 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>Àû¼ºÖ÷Òå £ GNU ¹¤³Ì £ ×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ»ù½ð»á (FSF)</TITLE>
-<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=gb2312">
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:address@hidden">
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000"
VLINK="#9900DD">
-<H3>Àû¼ºÖ÷Òå</H3>
-
-<A HREF="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><IMG
SRC="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
- ALT=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] "
- WIDTH="160" HEIGHT="200"></A>
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical!!! -->
-[ <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html">¼òÌåÖÐÎÄ</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.zh-tw.html">·±ÌåÖÐÎÄ</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.en.html">Ó¢Óï</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.fr.html">·¨Óï</A>
-]
-
-<P>
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-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/30 05:19:01 $ $Author: ineiev $
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/self-interest.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>å©å·±ä¸»ä¹ - GNUå·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/self-interest.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>å©å·±ä¸»ä¹</h2>
+
+<p><strong>Loyd Fueston</strong> è</p>
+
+<p>
+å©å·±ä¸»ä¹è¶³å¤ç»ç»ä¸ä¸ªèªç±ç»æµåï¼</p>
+
+<p>
+åçå°æ¯ï¼“ä¸è½”ãèä¸ï¼æ²¡æä¸ä¸ªç¥åçèªç±å¸åºç论æ¹é¢çä¸å®¶ä¼è®¤ä¸ºå©å·±ä¸»ä¹æ¾ç»ãçè³æå¯è½è¶³ä»¥ç»ç»èªç±ç»æµï¼ææ¯å°å®ç»´æä¸æ®µæ¶é´ãå¨è¿äºç论家ä¸ï¼äºå½ï¼æ¯å¯ç»å¸¸è¢«è®¤ä¸ºæ¯å©å·±ä¸»ä¹ç主è¦å«é士ãä½æ¯å¨ä¸æ¬ç¨æ¥çº
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¶æä¹ç误解ç书ä¸ï¼æ们çå°äºå¯¹ä»çå©å·±ä¸»ä¹è§ç¹çå¦ä¸ç»¼è¿°ï¼</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ä¸æ为个人主ä¹è
ç¸æ¯ï¼æ¯å¯è®¤ä¸ºæ¯ç¤¾ä¼çå½±åå°äººè½¬å为éå¾·ççç©ãä»è®¤ä¸ºäººä»¬ç»å¸¸é«ä¼°äºèªå·±ç个人å©çã
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+çè³è¿ææ´å¤ç´æ¥ç论述ï¼</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+[äºå½ï¼æ¯å¯]认为åºäºå©å·±ä¸»ä¹æ¥è§£é人类è¡ä¸ºçå°è¯æ¯åæä¸ç被误导ï¼å¹¶ä¸å¨éå¾·ä¸æ¯æ害çã
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+[两æçå¼èªJerry Z.
Mullerç“äºå½ï¼æ¯å¯ï¼ä»ä¸æ们çæ¶ä»£”ï¼ç¬¬2页ï¼æ®ææ¯é¡¿ï¼æ®ææ¯é¡¿å¤§å¦åºç社ï¼1993ã]</p>
+
+<p>
+äºå½ï¼æ¯å¯æ¾ç¶æè¯å°ï¼å©å·±ä¸»ä¹å¨ä»»ä½ç¤¾ä¼ä¸é½æ¯ç»ç»ç»æµæ´»å¨çé¦è¦åéä¹ä¸ï¼æ
论å¨ç¸å¯¹èªç±å¼æ¾ç社ä¼ä¸ï¼è¿æ¯å¨æåè¿«çè³æ¯ææ®æ´ç社ä¼ä¸ãæ们大å¤æ°äººé½ä¸ä¼å欢缺ä¹å¯¹ä»äººå°æ¬çå©å·±ä¸»ä¹é
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§ä»ä»¬å¯¹å©ççç解æ¥è¯´æ¯è¿æ ·ã</p>
+<p>
+é£äºç¾å½äººæ°æ¯èè人æ°å¤å¾å°è¿ç好å¤ï¼ä»¥åæ们ç°å¨è¿æçãè¶
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+å©å·±ä¸»ä¹ä¸ä¸å®éæ¯ç½ªæ¶çï¼å°½ç®¡å®ä¼é©±ä½¿äººä»¬ä»¥åºå½åéå¾·è°´è´£çæ¹å¼è¡äºã对èªå·±çå
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+<p>
+ç
究ç°ä»£æ°å¦ææ¯ç¼ç¨ææ¯ç人åºå½äºè§£è¿ç§ä¸ªäººéå¾·ä¸ç¤¾ä¼ç»æé´çéå½çã天ç¶ä¸ç¨³å®ç交äºä½ç¨ãç®åå°è¯´ï¼æåå®éå¾·ä¿¡ä»°ç人以å
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+<p>
+ææ¶åï¼å¥½äººä¼è®¤ä¸ºäºæ
åºäºå·®éï¼å¹¶å¼å§ä¸ºäºæ个éå¾·ååèææï¼å³ä½¿æ¯æå¿
è¦çºç²æè
è³å°æ¯éå¶ä»ä»¬èªå·±ç个人å©çãç¨å½ä»£çèªç±å¸åºç论家Thomas
+Sowellçè¯æ¥è¯´ï¼</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ä¸çä¸å½ç¶åå¨éç»æµçä»·å¼ãå®é
ä¸ï¼<em>åª</em>åå¨éç»æµçä»·å¼ãç»æµæ¬èº«ä¸æ¯ä»·å¼ï¼åªæ¯ä¸ç§ä»·å¼äº¤æ¢çæ段ãå¦ææå
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·ä½å°è¯´ï¼æ¯‘社ä¼ä»·å¼’æ‘人类价弒ï¼ç论æï¼æ¯ä¸ºäºå¦è®¤è´¸æçå
å¨çå®æ§ï¼ææ¯ä¸ºäºå
é¤è´¸æè¿ç¨ä¸çä¸äºç¹æ®çä»·å¼ï¼é£ä¹è¿ç§æ
ç§ççæ³åªæéè¿ä¸ºå
¶è·å©ç交ææè½æ´ææå°ä½ç°åºæ¥ãè¿å°±æ¯ç»æµçè´¸æã<tt>[å¼èªThomas
+Sowell“ç¥è¯ä¸é橔第79页ï¼New Yorkï¼Basic
Booksï¼1980ã]</tt>
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+å¨ä¸ä¸æä¸ï¼Sowellææ并ä¸æ¯å¨å对é£äºä¸ºå©å·±ä¸»ä¹è¾å
¥éå¾·åéç人ï¼èæ¯å¨å对é£äºè®¤ä¸ºåå¨ä¸æ¡è½è½»ææ¹åæé德缺é·ç社ä¼çéè·¯ç人ãä»ä»¬æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç¡¬å¸ç两颗维æ¤ä¸ªäººå©çå¯è½ä¼è®©äººé·å
¥ä¸éå¾·ä»·å¼çå²çªï¼èå°è¯ç»´æ¤éå¾·ä»·å¼åä¼å¯¼è´ä¸äºä¸ªäººå©çççºç²ã</p>
+<p>
+å©å·±ä¸»ä¹å¯ä»¥æ¯ç¤¾ä¼ç强å²çæï¼è³å°å½ç¤¾ä¼å
¬æ°æ¯ç»è¿è¯å¥½æè²ç个ä½æ¶æ¯å¦æ¤ï¼ä½æ¯å©å·±ä¸»ä¹æ²¡ä»ä¹ç¥å¥æç¥ç§çç¹æ§è½ä¿è¯éå¾·çåæãå©å·±ä¸»ä¹äº§ççä¸è¬æ§éå¾·åæï¼åªè½è¾¾å°å¤é¨çãæ´å¤æ¯å
é¨çé德约æè½å¤æå¼è¯¥å©çå¢ä½è¡å¨çèå´ãä¸ä¸ªå
·æè¯å¥½çº¦æç社ä¼å¹¶ä¸é éæ¯èåå¨ï¼èæ¯é çç¼æ´é«ç®æ
ç人们çè¡å¨ï¼æ
论æ¯å¯¹æ´ä¸ªç¤¾ä¼èªç±çä¿æ¤ï¼è¿æ¯å¯¹ç¨åºå社åºåä½ç²¾ç¥çä¿çï¼äº¦ææ¯äºè
å
¼èæä¹ã</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ï¼FSFï¼&GNUçä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>ãä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿<a
+href="/contact/">å
¶ä»èç³»æ¹æ³</a>èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)ã请å°æ æé¾æ¥ï¼å
¶ä»é误æ建议åéç»<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç<a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯é¡»ç¥</a>ã</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1998 Loyd Fueston <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></p>
+
+<p>æ¬æå
许å¨ä¸åæ´æ件å
容çåæä¸å¤å¶ååå¸å°ä»»ä½å½¢å¼çåªä½ï¼ä½éä¿çæ¤å£°æã</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼è¢ä¹é§ï¼2011ã<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a><br></br>
+<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>ï¼é©¬éªè<br></br>
+<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/"><CTT></a>ï¼2018ã</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+æåæ´æ°ï¼
+
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:14 $
+
<!-- timestamp end -->
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Index: philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html 20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Self-Interest
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/self-interest.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Self-Interest</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Loyd Fueston</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+Is Self-Interest Sufficient to Organize a Free Economy?</p>
+
+<p>
+The quick answer is, “No.” And few of the better-known
+theoreticians of the free-market have ever thought that self-interest
+was, or even could be, sufficient to organize, or long maintain, a
+free economy. Among those theoreticians, Adam Smith is often regarded
+as having been the primary philosopher of self-interest. In a book
+written to correct a number of misunderstandings of Smith's teachings,
+we find the following summaries of Smith's view about
+self-interest:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Far from being an individualist, Smith believed it is the influence
+of society that transforms people into moral beings. He thought that
+people often misjudge their own self-interest.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Even more directly to the point:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+[Adam Smith] regarded the attempt to explain all human behavior on
+the basis of self-interest as analytically misguided and morally
+pernicious.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+[Both quotes are from page 2 of “Adam Smith: In His Time and
+Ours”, Jerry Z. Muller, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
+1993.]</p>
+
+<p>
+As Adam Smith certainly realized, self-interest will be one of the
+principal forces organizing economic activities in any society, but
+that is as true of the most repressive or brutal society as it is of
+a relatively free and open society. Most of us will not like the
+results of self-interest untempered by a respect for other creatures.
+As a recent example, in running their country to the disadvantage of
+most Soviet citizens, the leaders of the Communist Party and of the
+Soviet military and intelligence services were advancing their own
+self-interests, at least as they understood or misunderstood those
+interests.</p>
+<p>
+The advantages enjoyed by Americans over citizens of the Soviet
+countries, and the advantages we still enjoy over the nominally free
+citizens of Russia and other eastern European countries, are those of
+a society organized to allow a high percentage of Americans to act in
+such a way as to serve both their self-interest and some substantial
+stock of moral principles. Not only our habits and customs, but also
+our positive laws — such as those of copyright — enter
+into that organization of our society, for good or bad, but not in a
+morally neutral manner.</p>
+<p>
+Self-interest is not necessarily evil, though it can lead people to act
+in morally reprehensible ways. The love of self, and the consequent
+development of self-interest, is one aspect of a creature who is also
+a social, and hence moral, being. Self-interest itself can serve
+moral interests in a free society so long as that society has the
+proper foundations. The elements of those foundations include not only
+a populace sharing a substantial body of moral beliefs and habits but
+also the formal political structures, positive laws, and accepted
+court decisions capable of supporting both social order and personal
+freedom. Once those are in place, and once they have been
+internalized by the bulk of the citizens, then self-interest will
+provide a fuel of sorts to keep an economy functioning effectively
+without leading to immoral results on the whole. The question is
+always: Is our society organized properly, in its positive laws and
+in the habits we teach our children and reinforce in ourselves, so that
+self-interest and moral principles do not generally come into
+conflict?</p>
+<p>
+Those people aware of modern mathematics or of programming techniques
+should appreciate the recursive, and inherently unstable, interactions
+between individual morality and social structure. To oversimplify in
+a useful manner: People with substantial moral beliefs organize
+societies along those beliefs and those societies then begin to form
+the habits and beliefs of children, immigrants, etc. according to
+those same beliefs. Always, it is a messy historical process which
+can be destroyed or rerouted into less desirable paths. There is
+inevitably a question as to whether we are straying from a proper path
+and also a question as to how robust the society is, i.e., how much
+of a disturbance it would take to destroy much of what is good about that
+society.</p>
+<p>
+Sometimes, good people will decide that something has gone wrong and
+it is time to fight for a moral principle even if it becomes necessary
+to sacrifice, or at least qualify, their own self-interest. In the
+words of Thomas Sowell, a free-market theorist of our time:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+There are, of course, noneconomic values. Indeed, there are
+<em>only</em> noneconomic values. Economics is not a value itself but
+merely a method of trading off one value against another. If
+statements about ‘noneconomic values’ (or, more
+specifically, ‘social values’ or ‘human
+values’) are meant to deny the inherent reality of trade-offs,
+or to exempt some particular value from the trade-off process, then
+such selfless ideals can be no more effectively demonstrated than by
+trading off financial gains in the interest of such ideals. This is an
+economic trade-off. <tt>[from page 79 of “Knowledge &
+Decisions”, Thomas Sowell, New York: Basic Books, 1980.]</tt>
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+In context, Professor Sowell was not arguing against those imputing
+some sort of moral power to self-interest; he was instead arguing
+against those who think there should be an easy path to the reform of
+a society which may have a particular moral defect. Those are two
+sides to the same coin — serving self-interest may put a person
+in conflict with moral values and the attempt to serve moral values
+may lead to some sacrifice of one's self-interest.</p>
+<p>
+Self-interest can be a powerful fuel for a society, at least when the
+citizens of that society are well-formed individuals, but there is
+no mystical or magical aspect to self-interest that guarantees moral
+results. Self-interest will lead to generally moral results to the
+extent that moral constraints, external but mostly internal, guide
+the actions of the self-interested parties. A society with the proper
+constraints does not come into existence by some act of magic, but
+rather by the acts of people who are aiming at a higher purpose, whether
+the preservation of liberty in the society as a whole or the
+preservation of a cooperative spirit within communities of
+programmers, or maybe both of those at the same time.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998 Loyd
+Fueston <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:14 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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