www/gnu/po manifesto.zh-cn.po

[Wensheng XIE]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     18/03/15 09:05:45

Added files:
        gnu/po         : manifesto.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: manifesto.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: manifesto.zh-cn.po
diff -N manifesto.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ manifesto.zh-cn.po  15 Mar 2018 13:05:44 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1200 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of http://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2018.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: manifesto.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-06-02 12:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-03-14 21:11+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "The GNU Manifesto - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "GNU宣言 - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The GNU Manifesto"
+msgstr "GNU宣言"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by <a href=\"http://www.";
+"stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a> in 1985 to ask for support in "
+"developing the GNU operating system.  Part of the text was taken from the "
+"original announcement of 1983.  Through 1987, it was updated in minor ways "
+"to account for developments; since then, it seems best to leave it unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU宣言（如下所示）由<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard 
Stallman</"
+"a>在1985年撰写，用来请求大家支持GNU操作系统的开发。å…
¶éƒ¨åˆ†æ–‡æœ¬æ‘˜è‡ª1983年撰写的"
+"初始声明。直到1987å¹´ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå¼€å‘çš„åŽŸå› 
它时时小有更改；那时起，看起来最好是保持"
+"它不再改变。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that "
+"different wording could help avoid.  Footnotes added since 1993 help clarify "
+"these points."
+msgstr ""
+"时过境迁，我们认识到使用不同的措辞可以避å…
ä¸€äº›å¸¸è§çš„误解。从1993年起，我们添"
+"åŠ äº†è„šæ³¨æ¥æ¾„æ¸…è¿™äº›é—®é¢˜ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to install the GNU/Linux system, we recommend you use one of the "
+"<a href=\"/distros\">100% free software GNU/Linux distributions</a>.  For "
+"how to contribute, see <a href=\"/help/help.html\">http://www.gnu.org/help</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦‚æžœä½ æƒ³å®‰è£…GNU/Linuxç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬å»ºè®®ä½ ä½¿ç”¨<a 
href=\"/distros\">100%自由的GNU/"
+"Linux发行版</a>ä¹‹ä¸€ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ æƒ³åšå‡ºè´¡çŒ®ï¼Œè¯·å‚çœ‹<a 
href=\"/help/help.html"
+"\">http://www.gnu.org/help</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Project is part of the Free Software Movement, a campaign for <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">freedom for users of software</a>.  It is "
+"a mistake to associate GNU with the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo;&mdash;"
+"that term was coined in 1998 by people who disagree with the Free Software "
+"Movement's ethical values.  They use it to promote an <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"open-source-misses-the-point.html\">amoral approach</a> to the same field."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU工程是自由软件运动的一部分，该运动诣在捍卫<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">软件用户的自由</a>。把GNU和&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词联系在一起是错误的"
+"&mdash;该词汇是1998年由一些不赞同自由软件运动之道德价值的人士发明的。他们使用"
+"该词汇来推动同一领域的<a 
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"
+"\">非道德方案</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!"
+msgstr "GNU为何？GNU并非UNIX！"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete Unix-"
+"compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away "
+"free to everyone who can use it.<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> Several other "
+"volunteers are helping me.  Contributions of time, money, programs and "
+"equipment are greatly needed."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU，代表的是Gnu's Not 
Unix（GNU并非UNIX），是我正在编写的一个完全兼容Unix的"
+"软件系统，这æ 
·æˆ‘就可以把它自由地交给想要使用它的人。<a 
href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>还"
+"æœ‰å‡ ä¸ªå¿—æ„¿è€…
在帮助我。我们非常需要大家在时间、金钱、程序和设备方面的贡献。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor commands, a "
+"source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator, a linker, and "
+"around 35 utilities.  A shell (command interpreter) is nearly completed.  A "
+"new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled itself and may be released "
+"this year.  An initial kernel exists but many more features are needed to "
+"emulate Unix.  When the kernel and compiler are finished, it will be "
+"possible to distribute a GNU system suitable for program development.  We "
+"will use TeX as our text formatter, but an nroff is being worked on.  We "
+"will use the free, portable X Window System as well.  After this we will add "
+"a portable Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other "
+"things, plus online documentation.  We hope to supply, eventually, "
+"everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more."
+msgstr ""
+"目前，我们有一个可以用lisp编写编辑命令的Emacs文本编辑器、一个源代ç
 çº§åˆ«çš„调试"
+"器、一个兼容yacc的分析器生成工å…
·ã€ä¸€ä¸ªé“¾æŽ¥å™¨å’Œå¤§çº¦35个应用程序。shell（命令解"
+"释器）也接近完成。一个新的可移植的优化C编译器已经可以自我编译，可能会在年å†
…发"
+"å¸ƒã€‚çŽ°æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªåˆå§‹çš„å†…æ ¸ï¼Œä¸è¿‡è¿˜éœ€è¦å¢žåŠ 
很多功能才可以模拟Unixã€‚å½“å†…æ ¸å’Œç¼–è¯‘å™¨"
+"完成后，我们就有可能发布一个适合开发程序的GNU系统。我们会使用Tex作为文本排版"
+"å·¥å…
·ï¼Œä¸è¿‡nroff还需要一些工作。我们还会使用自由的、可移植的X
 Window系统。此"
+"åŽï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬è¿˜ä¼šåŠ å…¥ä¸€ä¸ªå¯ç§»æ¤çš„Common 
Lisp、一个Empireæ¸¸æˆã€ä¸€ä¸ªç”µå­è¡¨æ ¼å’Œæ•°ç™¾ä¸ª"
+"应用以及在线文档。最终，我们希望提供Unix系统常规带有的一切有用之物，以及更"
+"多。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to Unix.  "
+"We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our experience "
+"with other operating systems.  In particular, we plan to have longer file "
+"names, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, file name completion "
+"perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and perhaps eventually a Lisp-"
+"based window system through which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix "
+"programs can share a screen.  Both C and Lisp will be available as system "
+"programming languages.  We will try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and "
+"Internet protocols for communication."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU将能够运行Unix的程序，但是它不完全和Unix一æ 
·ã€‚æˆ‘ä»¬ä¼šæ ¹æ®æˆ‘ä»¬åœ¨å…¶ä»–æ“ä½œç³»ç»Ÿ"
+"上的感受做出所有合理的改进。特别地，我们计划使用更长的文件名、文件版本号、防"
+"å´©æºƒçš„æ–‡ä»¶ç³»ç»Ÿã€ä¹Ÿè®¸å¸¦æœ‰æ–‡ä»¶åå¡«å……ã€ç»ˆç«¯æ— å…
³çš„显示支持、最后可能有一个基于"
+"Lisp的窗口系统，此时Lisp程序和普通Unix程序可以å…
±äº«ä¸€ä¸ªå±å¹•ã€‚C和Lisp都将作为系"
+"统编程语言。我们会支持UUCP、MIT 
Chaosnet和Internet等通信协议。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with virtual "
+"memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run on.  The extra "
+"effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left to someone who wants "
+"to use it on them."
+msgstr ""
+"GNUæœ€åˆçš„ç›®æ ‡æ˜¯68000/16000ä¹‹ç±»çš„å¸¦è™šæ‹Ÿå†…å­˜çš„æœºå™¨ï¼Œå› 
为它们是最容易跑起来的机"
+"器。让GNU在更小的机器上运行的额外努力就留给那些需要使用这些机器的人吧。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the <em>g</em> in the word "
+"&ldquo;GNU&rdquo; when it is the name of this project."
+msgstr ""
+"为了避å…
å¯æ€•çš„混淆，请在指示本工程时，发出&ldquo;GNU&rdquo;中<em>g</em>的音。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why I Must Write GNU"
+msgstr "为什么我必须编写GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program I must "
+"share it with other people who like it.  Software sellers want to divide the "
+"users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share with others.  I "
+"refuse to break solidarity with other users in this way.  I cannot in good "
+"conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement.  "
+"For years I worked within the Artificial Intelligence Lab to resist such "
+"tendencies and other inhospitalities, but eventually they had gone too far: "
+"I could not remain in an institution where such things are done for me "
+"against my will."
+msgstr ""
+"我认可的黄金法则是如果我喜欢一个程序，我就必
须把它分享给喜欢它的人。软件销售"
+"商通过让每个用户保证不和å…
¶ä»–äººåˆ†äº«æ¥åˆ†åŒ–ç”¨æˆ·å¹¶æŽ§åˆ¶ä»–ä»¬ã€‚æˆ‘æ‹’ç»ä»¥è¿™ç§æ–¹å¼æ‰“ç ´"
+"å’Œå…¶ä»–ç”¨æˆ·ç»„æˆçš„ç»Ÿä¸€ä½“ã€‚æˆ‘çš„è‰¯çŸ¥è®©æˆ‘æ— æ³•ç­¾ç½²è¿™æ 
·çš„保密协议或软件许可证协议。"
+"å‡ å¹´æ¥ï¼Œæˆ‘åœ¨äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å®žéªŒå®¤éƒ½åœ¨åæŠ—è¿™ç§è¶‹åŠ¿ä»¥åŠå…
¶ä»–å†·æ¼ ，但是最终他们还是走得"
+"å¤ªè¿œäº†ï¼šæˆ‘æ— 
法再呆在一个为我做违背我意愿之事的机构。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to "
+"put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to "
+"get along without any software that is not free.  I have resigned from the "
+"AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away.<a "
+"href=\"#f2a\">(2)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"为了能够继续不失颜面地使用计算机，我决定把一些必
è¦çš„è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶é›†åˆåœ¨ä¸€èµ·ï¼Œè¿™æ ·"
+"我就能够继续下去而不需要任何非自由软件。我从人工智能实验室辞了职，这æ
 ·å°±å¯ä»¥"
+"在我发布GNU时避免和MITäº§ç”Ÿæ³•å¾‹çº è‘›ã€‚<a href=\"#f2a\">(2)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix"
+msgstr "为什么GNU将会兼容Unix"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unix is not my ideal system, but it is not too bad.  The essential features "
+"of Unix seem to be good ones, and I think I can fill in what Unix lacks "
+"without spoiling them.  And a system compatible with Unix would be "
+"convenient for many other people to adopt."
+msgstr ""
+"Unix并不是我理想中的系统，但是它还不算太差。Unix的主要功能看来是好的，而我认"
+"ä¸ºæˆ‘å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä¸ç ´åè¿™äº›å¥½åŠŸèƒ½çš„æƒ…
况下填补Unix缺少的东西。而且和Unix兼容可以让许"
+"多人能够方便地接纳它。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "How GNU Will Be Available"
+msgstr "如何获取GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU is not in the public domain.  Everyone will be permitted to modify and "
+"redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to restrict its further "
+"redistribution.  That is to say, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> modifications will not be "
+"allowed.  I want to make sure that all versions of GNU remain free."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU不属于公共领域。GNUå…
è®¸ä»»ä½•äººä¿®æ”¹å’Œå†å‘布，但是任何发布者都不能限制它的继"
+"续发布。就是说，它不允许<a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\">专属性</a>的修改。我想让GNU的所有版本都保持自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help"
+msgstr "为什么许多程序员想要提供帮助"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have found many other programmers who are excited about GNU and want to "
+"help."
+msgstr "我发现许多程序员看到GNU很兴奋并想要提供帮助。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many programmers are unhappy about the commercialization of system "
+"software.  It may enable them to make more money, but it requires them to "
+"feel in conflict with other programmers in general rather than feel as "
+"comrades.  The fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the "
+"sharing of programs; marketing arrangements now typically used essentially "
+"forbid programmers to treat others as friends.  The purchaser of software "
+"must choose between friendship and obeying the law.  Naturally, many decide "
+"that friendship is more important.  But those who believe in law often do "
+"not feel at ease with either choice.  They become cynical and think that "
+"programming is just a way of making money."
+msgstr ""
+"许多程序员对系统软件的商业化并不高å…
´ã€‚这可能使他们赚到更多的钱，不过这一般要"
+"求他们和其他程序员之间是对立关系，而不是伙伴å…
³ç³»ã€‚程序员之间的友谊的基本方式"
+"是分享程序；而现在å…
¸åž‹çš„市场活动基本上是禁止程序员互相成为朋友。软件买家å¿
…é¡»"
+"在友谊和守法之间抉择。自然地，许多人认为友谊更重要。但是许多守法的人通常会感"
+"到选哪个都不自在。他们变得愤世嫉俗并且认为编程只是一个挣钱的手段。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By working on and using GNU rather than proprietary programs, we can be "
+"hospitable to everyone and obey the law.  In addition, GNU serves as an "
+"example to inspire and a banner to rally others to join us in sharing.  This "
+"can give us a feeling of harmony which is impossible if we use software that "
+"is not free.  For about half the programmers I talk to, this is an important "
+"happiness that money cannot replace."
+msgstr ""
+"开发GNU和使用GNU而不是专属软件，我们就能够变得友善并守法。另外，GNU成为一个激"
+"åŠ±å’Œå›¢ç»“å…¶ä»–äººåŠ å…¥åˆ†äº«è¡Œåˆ—çš„æ¦œæ 
·å’Œæ——帜。这给予我们一种和谐的感觉，它是使用非"
+"自由软件不可能有的。就和我讨论过的程序员来说，大约一半人认为这是一个重要的幸"
+"ç¦æ„Ÿï¼Œè€Œå®ƒæ˜¯é‡‘é’±æ— æ³•æ›¿ä»£çš„ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "How You Can Contribute"
+msgstr "ä½ è¯¥å¦‚ä½•åšå‡ºè´¡çŒ®"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"(Nowadays, for software tasks to work on, see the <a href=\"http://fsf.org/";
+"campaigns/priority-projects\">High Priority Projects list</a> and the <a "
+"href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1\";>GNU Help Wanted list</a>, "
+"the general task list for GNU software packages. For other ways to help, see "
+"<a href=\"/help/help.html\">the guide to helping the GNU operating system</"
+"a>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"（现今，软件帮助任务请看<a 
href=\"http://fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects";
+"\">高优先级项目列表</a>和<a href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?";
+"type_id=1\">GNU帮助需求列表</a>，这是GNU软件包
的一般任务列表。其他帮助，请看"
+"<a href=\"/help/help.html\">帮助GNU操作系统的指南</a>。）"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money.  I'm "
+"asking individuals for donations of programs and work."
+msgstr "æˆ‘è¯·æ±‚è®¡ç®—æœºåˆ¶é€ 
商捐助机器和金钱。我请求个人捐助程序和作品。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is that GNU will run "
+"on them at an early date.  The machines should be complete, ready to use "
+"systems, approved for use in a residential area, and not in need of "
+"sophisticated cooling or power."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦‚æžœä½ æåŠ©æœºå™¨ï¼Œä½ å¯ä»¥æœŸå¾…
的结果就是GNU将会早一天在该机器上运行。捐助的机器应"
+"è¯¥æ˜¯å®Œå¤‡çš„ã€å¯ç”¨çš„ç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œå®ƒåº”è¯¥é€‚ç”¨äºŽå±…å®¶çš„çŽ¯å¢ƒï¼Œå¹¶æ— 
需复杂的冷却或供电系统。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have found very many programmers eager to contribute part-time work for "
+"GNU.  For most projects, such part-time distributed work would be very hard "
+"to coordinate; the independently written parts would not work together.  But "
+"for the particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent.  A "
+"complete Unix system contains hundreds of utility programs, each of which is "
+"documented separately.  Most interface specifications are fixed by Unix "
+"compatibility.  If each contributor can write a compatible replacement for a "
+"single Unix utility, and make it work properly in place of the original on a "
+"Unix system, then these utilities will work right when put together.  Even "
+"allowing for Murphy to create a few unexpected problems, assembling these "
+"components will be a feasible task.  (The kernel will require closer "
+"communication and will be worked on by a small, tight group.)"
+msgstr ""
+"我已经找到相当多的程序员，他们热切地想要为GNU贡献闲暇时的工作。就大多数项目而"
+"言，这些工作很难协调；这些独立完成的部分凑在一起会不工作。但是就替代Unix的特"
+"定任务而言，没有这个问题。一个完整的Unix系统包
含数百个应用程序，每个都有独立"
+"çš„æ–‡æ¡£ã€‚å¤§å¤šæ•°çš„æŽ¥å£è§„æ ¼éƒ½ç”±Unixå…
¼å®¹æ€§æ‰€é™å®šã€‚如果每个贡献者能够编写一个单一"
+"的å…
¼å®¹æ€§Unix应用，并使之在原始的Unix系统中正常工作，那么这些应用放在一起就会"
+"正常工作。即使出现一些意外的墨菲问题<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></"
+"sup>，联合这些部件也是可以完成的任务。（内æ 
¸å°†éœ€è¦æ›´å¯†åˆ‡çš„沟通，它将会由一个"
+"小的、紧凑的小组来进行。）"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or part "
+"time.  The salary won't be high by programmers' standards, but I'm looking "
+"for people for whom building community spirit is as important as making "
+"money.  I view this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their "
+"full energies to working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in "
+"another way."
+msgstr ""
+"如果我得到金钱上的捐助，我也许能够雇佣一些全职或å…
¼èŒçš„äººã€‚è–ªæ°´æŒ‰ç…§ç¨‹åºå‘˜çš„æ ‡"
+"准来看的话不高，但是我要找的人要和看重金钱一æ 
·çœ‹ä¸­ç¤¾åŒºç²¾ç¥žçš„建设。我把这当作"
+"一种方法，它让一些人能够全身心地为GNU工作而不用寻求å…
¶ä»–谋生的手段。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why All Computer Users Will Benefit"
+msgstr "为什么所有计算机用户都会受益"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software "
+"free, just like air.<a href=\"#f2\">(3)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"一旦GNU完成，任何人都能够自由地得到一个好用的系统，正如得到空气一æ
 ·ã€‚<a href="
+"\"#f2\">(3)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This means much more than just saving everyone the price of a Unix license.  "
+"It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming effort will be "
+"avoided.  This effort can go instead into advancing the state of the art."
+msgstr ""
+"其意义远远超
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äº†å¤§é‡é‡å¤çš„"
+"ç³»ç»Ÿç¼–ç¨‹å·¥ä½œé€ 
成的浪费。这些努力就可以用于推进技术的进步。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Complete system sources will be available to everyone.  As a result, a user "
+"who needs changes in the system will always be free to make them himself, or "
+"hire any available programmer or company to make them for him.  Users will "
+"no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company which owns the "
+"sources and is in sole position to make changes."
+msgstr ""
+"完整的系统资源将向每个人开放。å…
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+"或那一个程序员来帮他修改，没有人再处于独断的地位。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Schools will be able to provide a much more educational environment by "
+"encouraging all students to study and improve the system code.  Harvard's "
+"computer lab used to have the policy that no program could be installed on "
+"the system if its sources were not on public display, and upheld it by "
+"actually refusing to install certain programs.  I was very much inspired by "
+"this."
+msgstr ""
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+"程序，这就是坚持拒绝安装某些程序。我受此启发良多。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Finally, the overhead of considering who owns the system software and what "
+"one is or is not entitled to do with it will be lifted."
+msgstr "最后，考虑谁是系统软件的所有者
以及谁应该做或不做什么的开销也被化解了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Arrangements to make people pay for using a program, including licensing of "
+"copies, always incur a tremendous cost to society through the cumbersome "
+"mechanisms necessary to figure out how much (that is, which programs) a "
+"person must pay for.  And only a police state can force everyone to obey "
+"them.  Consider a space station where air must be manufactured at great "
+"cost: charging each breather per liter of air may be fair, but wearing the "
+"metered gas mask all day and all night is intolerable even if everyone can "
+"afford to pay the air bill.  And the TV cameras everywhere to see if you "
+"ever take the mask off are outrageous.  It's better to support the air plant "
+"with a head tax and chuck the masks."
+msgstr ""
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为要通过麻烦的机制来搞清楚一个人应"
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+"支持空气工厂的最好办法还是只收人头税并摆脱掉面具。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as "
+"breathing, and as productive.  It ought to be as free."
+msgstr ""
+"å¤åˆ¶å…¨éƒ¨æˆ–éƒ¨åˆ†ç¨‹åºå¯¹ç¨‹åºå‘˜æ¥è¯´å’Œå‘¼å¸ä¸€æ ·è‡ªç„¶ï¼Œä¸€æ 
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+"由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's Goals"
+msgstr "一些容易驳斥的、反对GNUç›®æ ‡çš„è§‚ç‚¹"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;Nobody will use it if it is free, because that means they "
+"can't rely on any support.&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;å¦‚æžœå…è´¹ï¼Œå°±æ²¡æœ‰äººä¼šç”¨äº†ï¼Œå› ä¸ºç”¨æˆ·æ²¡æœ‰å¯é 
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+"</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;You have to charge for the program to pay for providing the "
+"support.&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>&ldquo;ä½ å¿…
须对程序收钱才能提供技术支持。&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free without "
+"service, a company to provide just service to people who have obtained GNU "
+"free ought to be profitable.<a href=\"#f3\">(4)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"如果人们宁愿å…
è´¹èŽ·å¾—没有服务的GNU，而不是付费给GNU获得服务，那么为å…
è´¹GNU提供"
+"技术服务的公司应该是有利可图的。<a href=\"#f3\">(4)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We must distinguish between support in the form of real programming work and "
+"mere handholding.  The former is something one cannot rely on from a "
+"software vendor.  If your problem is not shared by enough people, the vendor "
+"will tell you to get lost."
+msgstr ""
+"我们必须区别对待真正的编程和仅仅
æ˜¯æ‰‹æŠŠæ‰‹æœåŠ¡è¿™ä¸¤ç§å½¢å¼çš„æŠ€æœ¯æ”¯æŒã€‚å‰è€…æ˜¯ä½ ä¸"
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的问题没有被足够多的人共同体会，那么供应"
+"å•†ä¼šå‘Šè¯‰ä½ ï¼šå¿«èµ°å¼€ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"If your business needs to be able to rely on support, the only way is to "
+"have all the necessary sources and tools.  Then you can hire any available "
+"person to fix your problem; you are not at the mercy of any individual.  "
+"With Unix, the price of sources puts this out of consideration for most "
+"businesses.  With GNU this will be easy.  It is still possible for there to "
+"be no available competent person, but this problem cannot be blamed on "
+"distribution arrangements.  GNU does not eliminate all the world's problems, "
+"only some of them."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦‚æžœä½ 
的业务需要依赖于技术支持，那么唯一的办法是拥有所有必
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+"些问题。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, the users who know nothing about computers need handholding: "
+"doing things for them which they could easily do themselves but don't know "
+"how."
+msgstr ""
+"同时，对计算机知之甚少的用户需要手把手服务：为他们做些很容易但他们真的不知道"
+"怎么做的事。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Such services could be provided by companies that sell just handholding and "
+"repair service.  If it is true that users would rather spend money and get a "
+"product with service, they will also be willing to buy the service having "
+"got the product free.  The service companies will compete in quality and "
+"price; users will not be tied to any particular one.  Meanwhile, those of us "
+"who don't need the service should be able to use the program without paying "
+"for the service."
+msgstr ""
+"这些服务可以由那些只销售手把手服务和修复服务的å…
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·çš„不需要服务的人可以不用购买"
+"服务来使用程序。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;You cannot reach many people without advertising, and you "
+"must charge for the program to support that.&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;ä¸æ‰“å¹¿å‘Šï¼Œä¸å¯èƒ½æœ‰å¾ˆå¤šäººçŸ¥é“ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ä½ å¿…
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+"告费。&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;It's no use advertising a program people can get free.&rdquo;"
+"</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>&ldquo;å¯¹å…è´¹å¯å¾—çš„ç¨‹åºæ‰“å¹¿å‘Šæ˜¯åšæ— 
用功。&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"There are various forms of free or very cheap publicity that can be used to "
+"inform numbers of computer users about something like GNU.  But it may be "
+"true that one can reach more microcomputer users with advertising.  If this "
+"is really so, a business which advertises the service of copying and mailing "
+"GNU for a fee ought to be successful enough to pay for its advertising and "
+"more.  This way, only the users who benefit from the advertising pay for it."
+msgstr ""
+"æœ‰å¾ˆå¤šå…è´¹æˆ–æžå…¶å»‰ä»·çš„å®£ä¼ 
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+"务应该可以赚回广告费及更多。这æ 
·çš„话，只有从该广告获利的用户才付费。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such "
+"companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really "
+"necessary to spread GNU.  Why is it that free market advocates don't want to "
+"let the free market decide this?<a href=\"#f4\">(5)</a>"
+msgstr ""
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不能让自由市场决定这件事呢？<a href="
+"\"#f4\">(5)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;My company needs a proprietary operating system to get a "
+"competitive edge.&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>&ldquo;我å…
¬å¸éœ€è¦ä¸“属操作系统来在竞争中取胜。&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNU will remove operating system software from the realm of competition.  "
+"You will not be able to get an edge in this area, but neither will your "
+"competitors be able to get an edge over you.  You and they will compete in "
+"other areas, while benefiting mutually in this one.  If your business is "
+"selling an operating system, you will not like GNU, but that's tough on "
+"you.  If your business is something else, GNU can save you from being pushed "
+"into the expensive business of selling operating systems."
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+"操作系统售价中解救出来。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many "
+"manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href=\"#f5\">(6)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"æˆ‘å¾ˆæƒ³çœ‹åˆ°è®¸å¤šåˆ¶é€ å•†å’Œç”¨æˆ·ä¼šæåŠ©GNU的开发，这æ 
·ä¼šé™ä½Žä»–们的花费。<a href="
+"\"#f5\">(6)</a>"
+
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+"<strong>&ldquo;Don't programmers deserve a reward for their creativity?"
+"&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;éš¾é“ç¨‹åºå‘˜ä¸è¯¥å› ä¸ºä»–ä»¬çš„åˆ›é€ 
力得到回报吗？&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"If anything deserves a reward, it is social contribution.  Creativity can be "
+"a social contribution, but only in so far as society is free to use the "
+"results.  If programmers deserve to be rewarded for creating innovative "
+"programs, by the same token they deserve to be punished if they restrict the "
+"use of these programs."
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>&ldquo;Shouldn't a programmer be able to ask for a reward for his "
+"creativity?&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;éš¾é“ç¨‹åºå‘˜ä¸èƒ½ä¸ºè‡ªå·±çš„åˆ›é€ 
力要求回报吗？&rdquo;</strong>"
+
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+"one's income, as long as one does not use means that are destructive.  But "
+"the means customary in the field of software today are based on destruction."
+msgstr ""
+"工作获得报酬或追求更高的薪é…
¬å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰ä»€ä¹ˆä¸å¯¹ï¼Œåªè¦æˆ‘ä»¬ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ç ´åæ€§çš„æ‰‹æ®µã€‚ä½†æ˜¯"
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+
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+"program can be used.  This reduces the amount of wealth that humanity "
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+"the harmful consequences are deliberate destruction."
+msgstr ""
+"å› 
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+"å®³çš„ç»“æžœå°±æ˜¯æ•…æ„ç ´åã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"mutual destructiveness.  This is Kantian ethics; or, the Golden Rule.  Since "
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+"am required to consider it wrong for one to do so.  Specifically, the desire "
+"to be rewarded for one's creativity does not justify depriving the world in "
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+"é‡‘å®šå¾‹ã€‚å› ä¸ºæˆ‘ä¸å–œæ¬¢è¿™æ 
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+
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+msgstr "<strong>&ldquo;程序员不就饿死了吗？&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"I could answer that nobody is forced to be a programmer.  Most of us cannot "
+"manage to get any money for standing on the street and making faces.  But we "
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+"making faces, and starving.  We do something else."
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沿街乞讨过活。但是作为结"
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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¨éƒ¨ã€å°±æ˜¯æ²¡æœ‰ã€‚"
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+"ç¨‹åºå‘˜ä¸è¢«é¥¿æ­»çš„çœŸæ­£åŽŸå› 
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+msgstr ""
+"限制拷贝不是软件行业唯一的基础。它是最常见的基础<a 
href=\"#f8\">(7)</a>å› ä¸ºå®ƒ"
+"收获了最多的金钱。如果它被禁止或被客户拒绝，软件行业会迁移到那些现在不常用的"
+"基础结构之上。总是有多种方式来组织经营活动的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Probably programming will not be as lucrative on the new basis as it is "
+"now.  But that is not an argument against the change.  It is not considered "
+"an injustice that sales clerks make the salaries that they now do.  If "
+"programmers made the same, that would not be an injustice either.  (In "
+"practice they would still make considerably more than that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"也许在新基础之上的编程工作不再象现在一æ 
·å¯ä»¥èµšå¤§é’±ã€‚可是那并不是反驳该变化的"
+"è®ºæ®ã€‚çŽ°åœ¨é”€å”®äººå‘˜æŒ‰åŠ³å–é…¬å¹¶æ— ä¸å¦¥ã€‚å¦‚æžœç¨‹åºå‘˜è¿™æ 
·ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä¹Ÿæ˜¯æ­£å½“的。（实际"
+"上，他们也许还能赚更多。）"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;Don't people have a right to control how their creativity is "
+"used?&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;éš¾é“äººä»¬æ²¡æœ‰æƒåˆ©æŽ§åˆ¶è‡ªå·±çš„åˆ›é€ 
力如何被使用？&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;Control over the use of one's ideas&rdquo; really constitutes control "
+"over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make their lives more "
+"difficult."
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;控制自己想法的应用&rdquo;真的构成对å…
¶ä»–人生活的控制；而且通常是使他人"
+"的生活更困难。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights<a href="
+"\"#f6\">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there is no intrinsic "
+"right to intellectual property.  The kinds of supposed intellectual property "
+"rights that the government recognizes were created by specific acts of "
+"legislation for specific purposes."
+msgstr ""
+"è®¤çœŸç ”ç©¶è¿‡çŸ¥è¯†äº§æƒé—®é¢˜<a 
href=\"#f6\">(8)</a>的人（比如律师）会说知识产权并非"
+"天生的权利。政府确认的那些知识产权种类是有å…
·ä½“目的的特定法律活动的产物。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, the patent system was established to encourage inventors to "
+"disclose the details of their inventions.  Its purpose was to help society "
+"rather than to help inventors.  At the time, the life span of 17 years for a "
+"patent was short compared with the rate of advance of the state of the art.  "
+"Since patents are an issue only among manufacturers, for whom the cost and "
+"effort of a license agreement are small compared with setting up production, "
+"the patents often do not do much harm.  They do not obstruct most "
+"individuals who use patented products."
+msgstr ""
+"比如，专利体系是为了鼓励发明家公开其发明详情
而建立的。其目的是帮助社会而不是"
+"帮助发明家。那时，17年的专利期相比技术进步的速度是短暂的。由于专利只是制é€
 商"
+"之间的问题，对他们来说，专利协议的花费比生产建设要小，所以专利通常没有太大的"
+"害处。专利没有限制使用它们的大多数用户。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of copyright did not exist in ancient times, when authors "
+"frequently copied other authors at length in works of nonfiction.  This "
+"practice was useful, and is the only way many authors' works have survived "
+"even in part.  The copyright system was created expressly for the purpose of "
+"encouraging authorship.  In the domain for which it was invented&mdash;"
+"books, which could be copied economically only on a printing press&mdash;it "
+"did little harm, and did not obstruct most of the individuals who read the "
+"books."
+msgstr ""
+"版权的概念在古代并不存在，那时作者
们经常互相大量拷贝非文学类作品。这是很实用"
+"çš„æ´»åŠ¨ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ˜¯è®¸å¤šä½œè€…çš„ä½œå“èƒ½å¤Ÿå“ªæ€•åªæœ‰ä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†æµä¼ 
下来的唯一方法。版权系统为鼓"
+"励作者权益而特意创建。在å…
¶åˆ›å»ºçš„发明领域&mdash;书籍，只有用印刷机才能有效拷贝"
+"&mdash;版权没什么害处，也没有限制大多数读者。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"All intellectual property rights are just licenses granted by society "
+"because it was thought, rightly or wrongly, that society as a whole would "
+"benefit by granting them.  But in any particular situation, we have to ask: "
+"are we really better off granting such license? What kind of act are we "
+"licensing a person to do?"
+msgstr ""
+"æ‰€æœ‰çŸ¥è¯†äº§æƒéƒ½åªæ˜¯ç¤¾ä¼šå‘æ”¾çš„è®¸å¯è¯ï¼Œå› 
为人们曾经认为，不管是对还是错，发放这"
+"æ ·çš„è®¸å¯è¯å¯ä»¥ä½¿æ•´ä¸ªç¤¾ä¼šå—ç›Šã€‚ä½†æ˜¯å°±ä»»ä½•å…·ä½“æƒ…
况来说，我们都要问：发放该许可"
+"证真的让我们受益了吗？获得授权的人能够从事什么活动呢？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The case of programs today is very different from that of books a hundred "
+"years ago.  The fact that the easiest way to copy a program is from one "
+"neighbor to another, the fact that a program has both source code and object "
+"code which are distinct, and the fact that a program is used rather than "
+"read and enjoyed, combine to create a situation in which a person who "
+"enforces a copyright is harming society as a whole both materially and "
+"spiritually; in which a person should not do so regardless of whether the "
+"law enables him to."
+msgstr ""
+"今天的软件和一百年前的书籍有很大的不同。软件最容易的拷贝是人ä¼
 人，软件有源代"
+"ç å’Œç›®æ ‡ä»£ç ä¸¤ç§ä¸åŒå½¢å¼ï¼Œè½¯ä»¶æ˜¯æ¥ä½¿ç”¨è€Œä¸æ˜¯é˜…
读和欣赏的，这些事实结合在一起"
+"å°±æž„æˆäº†ä¸€ç§æƒ…å½¢ã€‚åœ¨æ­¤æƒ…å½¢ä¸‹ï¼ŒåŠ 
å¼ºç‰ˆæƒå¯¹æ•´ä¸ªç¤¾ä¼šåœ¨ç‰©è´¨å’Œç²¾ç¥žä¸Šéƒ½æ˜¯ä¼¤å®³ï¼›æ— è®º"
+"法律是否允许，我们此时都不应该再维护版权。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;Competition makes things get done better.&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>&ldquo;竞争使东西变得更好。&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we encourage "
+"everyone to run faster.  When capitalism really works this way, it does a "
+"good job; but its defenders are wrong in assuming it always works this way.  "
+"If the runners forget why the reward is offered and become intent on "
+"winning, no matter how, they may find other strategies&mdash;such as, "
+"attacking other runners.  If the runners get into a fist fight, they will "
+"all finish late."
+msgstr ""
+"赛跑是竞争的典范：通过回报优胜者
ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬é¼“åŠ±äººä»¬è·‘å¾—æ›´å¿«ã€‚å½“èµ„æœ¬ä¸»ä¹‰çœŸçš„è¿™æ ·è¿"
+"作时，它做得很好；但是其辩护者
做的这个假设并不总是对的。如果竞争者忘记了回报"
+"çš„åŽŸå› è€Œåªæƒ³ç€èƒœåˆ©ï¼Œä¸è®¡æ–¹æ³•ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä»–ä»¬å°±å¯èƒ½ä½¿ç”¨å…
¶ä»–çš„ç­–ç•¥&mdash;比如攻击别的"
+"竞争者。如果竞争者在互相打架，大家就都跑不快。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary and secret software is the moral equivalent of runners in a fist "
+"fight.  Sad to say, the only referee we've got does not seem to object to "
+"fights; he just regulates them (&ldquo;For every ten yards you run, you can "
+"fire one shot&rdquo;).  He really ought to break them up, and penalize "
+"runners for even trying to fight."
+msgstr ""
+"专属软件和保密软件在道德上等同于互相打架的竞争者
。令人沮丧的是，我们唯一的裁"
+"判看来并不反对打架；他只是规范打架者
（&ldquo;每跑10ç±³ï¼Œä½ ä»¬å¯ä»¥æ‰“ä¸€ä¸‹"
+"&rdquo;）。他真的应该把他们分开，并严惩试图打架的竞争è€
…。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;Won't everyone stop programming without a monetary incentive?"
+"&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr 
"<strong>&ldquo;没有金钱刺激，人们不就不再编程了吗？&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Actually, many people will program with absolutely no monetary incentive.  "
+"Programming has an irresistible fascination for some people, usually the "
+"people who are best at it.  There is no shortage of professional musicians "
+"who keep at it even though they have no hope of making a living that way."
+msgstr ""
+"实际上，许多人在绝对没有金钱刺激的情
况下也会编程。编程对一些人有不可抗拒的魔"
+"力，这些人往往是最擅
长编程的那些人。从来也不缺少坚持音乐的职业音乐家，即使他"
+"ä»¬æ¯«æ— å¸Œæœ›é éŸ³ä¹è°‹ç”Ÿã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But really this question, though commonly asked, is not appropriate to the "
+"situation.  Pay for programmers will not disappear, only become less.  So "
+"the right question is, will anyone program with a reduced monetary "
+"incentive? My experience shows that they will."
+msgstr ""
+"但是这个问题，虽然经常被问到，并不是指这种情
况。程序员会得到报酬，只是变少。"
+"所以问题应该是，金钱减少时，还有人编程吗？我的经验是：有。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For more than ten years, many of the world's best programmers worked at the "
+"Artificial Intelligence Lab for far less money than they could have had "
+"anywhere else.  They got many kinds of nonmonetary rewards: fame and "
+"appreciation, for example.  And creativity is also fun, a reward in itself."
+msgstr ""
+"10多年来，许多世界上最好的程序员在人工智能实验室工作，这里的收å
…¥è¦æ¯”他们到其"
+"他地方工作少得太多。他们获得了许多非金钱的回报：比如，名望和感谢。而创é€
 力本"
+"身也是快乐，也是回报。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Then most of them left when offered a chance to do the same interesting work "
+"for a lot of money."
+msgstr "然后，当有机会做同æ 
·æœ‰è¶£çš„工作并赚大钱时，大多数人离开了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What the facts show is that people will program for reasons other than "
+"riches; but if given a chance to make a lot of money as well, they will come "
+"to expect and demand it.  Low-paying organizations do poorly in competition "
+"with high-paying ones, but they do not have to do badly if the high-paying "
+"ones are banned."
+msgstr ""
+"这说明人们会为致富之外的理由编程；如果有同时也能赚到大钱的机会，他们也会选择"
+"它。薪水低的企业在和薪水高的企业竞争时表现不佳，但是如果薪水高的企业被禁止，"
+"低薪水的企业不应该再表现差劲吧。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;We need the programmers desperately.  If they demand that we "
+"stop helping our neighbors, we have to obey.&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;我们迫切需要程序员。如果他们要求我们不要帮助友邻，我们不得不那"
+"æ ·åšã€‚&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You're never so desperate that you have to obey this sort of demand.  "
+"Remember: millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute!"
+msgstr ""
+"ä½ æ°¸è¿œä¹Ÿä¸ä¼šç»æœ›åˆ°åŽ»éµå®ˆè¿™æ 
·çš„命令。请记住：宁为玉碎，不为瓦全！<sup><a href="
+"\"#TransNote3\">3</a></sup>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>&ldquo;Programmers need to make a living somehow.&rdquo;</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>&ldquo;程序员也需要谋生啊。&rdquo;</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the short run, this is true.  However, there are plenty of ways that "
+"programmers could make a living without selling the right to use a program.  "
+"This way is customary now because it brings programmers and businessmen the "
+"most money, not because it is the only way to make a living.  It is easy to "
+"find other ways if you want to find them.  Here are a number of examples."
+msgstr ""
+"短期来看，是这æ 
·çš„。不过，程序员有很多不用出卖程序的使用权利就可以谋生的方"
+"æ³•ã€‚å‡ºå–æƒåˆ©çŽ°åœ¨æˆäº†æƒ¯ä¾‹ï¼Œæ˜¯å› 
ä¸ºå®ƒå¸¦ç»™ç¨‹åºå‘˜å’Œç”Ÿæ„äººæœ€å¤šçš„é’±è´¢ï¼Œè€Œä¸æ˜¯å› ä¸ºå®ƒ"
+"是谋生的唯一手段。如果想要，我们能够轻易找到å…
¶ä»–çš„æ–¹æ³•ã€‚è¿™é‡Œä¸¾å‡ 个例子。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A manufacturer introducing a new computer will pay for the porting of "
+"operating systems onto the new hardware."
+msgstr "åˆ¶é€ 
商新引进新计算机需要雇人来把操作系统移植到新硬件上。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The sale of teaching, handholding and maintenance services could also employ "
+"programmers."
+msgstr 
"教育培训、手把手服务和维护服务也可能雇佣程序员。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware<a href="
+"\"#f7\">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling "
+"handholding services.  I have met people who are already working this way "
+"successfully."
+msgstr ""
+"有新想法的人可以发布免费软件<a 
href=\"#f7\">(9)</a>，并向对此满意的用户寻求捐"
+"助，或者是销售手把手服务。我就碰到一些成功这æ 
·åšçš„人。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Users with related needs can form users' groups, and pay dues.  A group "
+"would contract with programming companies to write programs that the group's "
+"members would like to use."
+msgstr ""
+"需求相å…
³çš„用户可以组建用户组，并支付会费。用户组就可以和程序å
…¬å¸ç­¾çº¦è®©å…¬å¸å®š"
+"制组内成员需要的程序。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "All sorts of development can be funded with a Software Tax:"
+msgstr "所有开发费用都可以由软件税来支付："
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Suppose everyone who buys a computer has to pay x percent of the price as a "
+"software tax.  The government gives this to an agency like the NSF to spend "
+"on software development."
+msgstr ""
+"假设每个购买计算机的用户都要按价æ 
¼æ”¯ä»˜ä¸€å®šæ¯”例的软件税。政府可以让诸如"
+"NSF<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote4\">4</a></sup>之类的代理使用该税收支持软件开发。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But if the computer buyer makes a donation to software development himself, "
+"he can take a credit against the tax.  He can donate to the project of his "
+"own choosing&mdash;often, chosen because he hopes to use the results when it "
+"is done.  He can take a credit for any amount of donation up to the total "
+"tax he had to pay."
+msgstr ""
+"但是如果购买者
自己向软件开发做了捐助，那么他可以减税。他可以自己选择捐助项目"
+"&mdash;通常，他会选择他希望能够用到的项目。减税额度最高是å
…ç¨Žã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The total tax rate could be decided by a vote of the payers of the tax, "
+"weighted according to the amount they will be taxed on."
+msgstr 
"税率可以由交税的人投票决定，票的权重可以按大家的应税额来算。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The consequences:"
+msgstr "结果："
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "The computer-using community supports software development."
+msgstr "计算机使用社群支持软件开发。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "This community decides what level of support is needed."
+msgstr "该社群决定应该支持到什么程度。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Users who care which projects their share is spent on can choose this for "
+"themselves."
+msgstr "ç”¨æˆ·å¯ä»¥æ ¹æ®è‡ªå·±çš„éœ€è¦æ¥é€‰æ‹©è¦æ”¯æŒçš„é¡¹ç›®ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the postscarcity "
+"world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to make a living.  "
+"People will be free to devote themselves to activities that are fun, such as "
+"programming, after spending the necessary ten hours a week on required tasks "
+"such as legislation, family counseling, robot repair and asteroid "
+"prospecting.  There will be no need to be able to make a living from "
+"programming."
+msgstr ""
+"长远来看，让软件自由是通往富足世界的一小步；在富足世界里，人们不å¿
…辛苦工作来"
+"谋生。人们在每周10小时的法律活动、家庭咨询、机器人维修和流星观察等规定任务之"
+"外，能够自由投入到象编程这æ 
·çš„有趣活动中。那时，就没有必要再以编程为谋生手段"
+"了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We have already greatly reduced the amount of work that the whole society "
+"must do for its actual productivity, but only a little of this has "
+"translated itself into leisure for workers because much nonproductive "
+"activity is required to accompany productive activity.  The main causes of "
+"this are bureaucracy and isometric struggles against competition.  Free "
+"software will greatly reduce these drains in the area of software "
+"production.  We must do this, in order for technical gains in productivity "
+"to translate into less work for us."
+msgstr ""
+"我们已经把整个社会要维持生产力的工作大大减少了，但是只有很少一部分转化为劳动"
+"è€…çš„é—²æš‡ï¼Œå› ä¸ºç”Ÿäº§æ´»åŠ¨éœ€è¦å¤¹æ‚å¾ˆå¤šçš„éžç”Ÿäº§æ´»åŠ¨ã€‚å…
¶ä¸»è¦åŽŸå› 是官僚主义和对竞争"
+"的抗拒。自由软件会大大减少在软件生产领域的生产力流失。我们å¿
…须做这件事，为了"
+"使技术进步带来的生产力提高能够转化为人们工作的减少。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "脚注"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The wording here was careless.  The intention was that nobody would have to "
+"pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system.  But the words don't make "
+"this clear, and people often interpret them as saying that copies of GNU "
+"should always be distributed at little or no charge.  That was never the "
+"intent; later on, the manifesto mentions the possibility of companies "
+"providing the service of distribution for a profit.  Subsequently I have "
+"learned to distinguish carefully between &ldquo;free&rdquo; in the sense of "
+"freedom and &ldquo;free&rdquo; in the sense of price.  Free software is "
+"software that users have the freedom to distribute and change.  Some users "
+"may obtain copies at no charge, while others pay to obtain copies&mdash;and "
+"if the funds help support improving the software, so much the better.  The "
+"important thing is that everyone who has a copy has the freedom to cooperate "
+"with others in using it."
+msgstr ""
+"此处用词不当。其初衷是人们不必
为使用GNU系统而支付<b>许可费</b>。但是用词却没"
+"有清
楚地说明此事，而人们经常理解为这是说GNU的拷贝总是å…
è´¹æˆ–廉价地发行。这不是"
+"本意；后来，宣言指出å…
¬å¸æä¾›æœ‰å¿å‘行服务的可能性。之后，我也了解到认真区别自"
+"由中的&ldquo;free（自由）&rdquo;å’Œä»·æ ¼ä¸­çš„&ldquo;free（å…
è´¹ï¼‰&rdquo;。自由软"
+"件是用户有自由修改和发布的软件。有些用户可能得到å…
è´¹æ‹·è´ï¼Œè€Œæœ‰äº›ç”¨æˆ·ä»˜è´¹å¾—到"
+"拷贝&mdash;如果这些资金帮助到软件的改善，善莫大焉。重要的一点是拥有拷贝的用户"
+"有自由和其他人一起使用自由软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The expression &ldquo;give away&rdquo; is another indication that I had not "
+"yet clearly separated the issue of price from that of freedom.  We now "
+"recommend avoiding this expression when talking about free software.  See "
+"&ldquo;<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware"
+"\">Confusing Words and Phrases</a>&rdquo; for more explanation."
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;èµ 
送&rdquo;是另一个不妥的表达，它再次说明我那时还没有清
æ¥šåœ°åˆ†å¼€ä»·æ ¼å’Œ"
+"自由的问题。我们现在建议在谈论自由软件时避å…
è¿™ä¸€è¡¨è¾¾ã€‚请参看&ldquo;<a href="
+"\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware\">不清
楚的词汇和短语</"
+"a>&rdquo;了解更多解释。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"This is another place I failed to distinguish carefully between the two "
+"different meanings of &ldquo;free&rdquo;.  The statement as it stands is not "
+"false&mdash;you can get copies of GNU software at no charge, from your "
+"friends or over the net.  But it does suggest the wrong idea."
+msgstr ""
+"这是又一个我没有认真区别&ldquo;free&rdquo;一词的两种意思的地方。该陈述并没有"
+"错&mdash;ä½ æ˜¯å¯ä»¥å…
è´¹èŽ·å¾—GNU软件，从朋友那里或从网上下载。但是它在建议错误的"
+"理念。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "Several such companies now exist."
+msgstr "çŽ°åœ¨å°±æœ‰å‡ ä¸ªè¿™æ ·çš„å…¬å¸ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Although it is a charity rather than a company, the Free Software Foundation "
+"for 10 years raised most of its funds from its distribution service.  You "
+"can <a href=\"/order/order.html\">order things from the FSF</a> to support "
+"its work."
+msgstr ""
+"虽然它不是公司而只是æ…
ˆå–„机构，自由软件基金会有10å¹´æ˜¯é å‘è¡ŒæœåŠ¡æ¥èŽ·å¾—å…
¶å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†"
+"èµ„é‡‘çš„ã€‚ä½ å¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡<a 
href=\"/order/order.html\">从FSF订购东西</a>来支持它的工"
+"作。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"A group of computer companies pooled funds around 1991 to support "
+"maintenance of the GNU C Compiler."
+msgstr "一组公司在1991年左右集资来支持GNU C编译器的维护。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary software was the most "
+"common basis for making money in software.  It seems that actually the most "
+"common business model was and is development of custom software.  That does "
+"not offer the possibility of collecting rents, so the business has to keep "
+"doing real work in order to keep getting income.  The custom software "
+"business would continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in a free software "
+"world.  Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid programmers would earn "
+"less in a free software world."
+msgstr ""
+"我觉得我说专属软件是软件行业最常见的赚钱基础是个错误。看起来，定制软件开发过"
+"去和现在实际
上都是最常见的商业模式。这个商业模式不提供收取租金的可能性，所以"
+"它必须不断地做事来维持收å…
¥ã€‚在自由软件的世界，软件定制行业还会继续存在，基本"
+"æ²¡ä»€ä¹ˆå˜åŒ–ã€‚å› 
此，我不再预期程序员在自由软件的世界里收入会变少。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing it was to speak of &ldquo;"
+"the issue&rdquo; of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;.  That term is "
+"obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps together various "
+"disparate laws which raise very different issues.  Nowadays I urge people to "
+"reject the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; entirely, lest it lead "
+"others to suppose that those laws form one coherent issue.  The way to be "
+"clear is to discuss patents, copyrights, and trademarks separately.  See <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">further explanation</a> of how this term "
+"spreads confusion and bias."
+msgstr ""
+"在20世纪80年代，我还没有意识到谈论&ldquo;知识产权&rdquo;的&ldquo;问题&rdquo;"
+"多么令人困惑。该术语明显是倾向性的；较不明显的事实是，它把针对非常不同问题的"
+"å¤šç§äº’ä¸ç›¸å¹²çš„æ³•å¾‹çº 
结在一起。现在，我敦促人们彻底拒绝&ldquo;知识产权&rdquo;"
+"这一术语，免得它导致其他人以为这些法律构成一个相å…
³çš„问题。明确的方法应该是独"
+"ç«‹è®¨è®ºä¸“åˆ©ã€ç‰ˆæƒå’Œå•†æ ‡ã€‚è¯·å‚çœ‹å…
³äºŽè¯¥æœ¯è¯­å¦‚何散布混乱和偏见的<a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/not-ipr.html\">进一步解释</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Subsequently we learned to distinguish between &ldquo;free software&rdquo; "
+"and &ldquo;freeware&rdquo;.  The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; means software "
+"you are free to redistribute, but usually you are not free to study and "
+"change the source code, so most of it is not free software.  See &ldquo;<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware\">Confusing Words and "
+"Phrases</a>&rdquo; for more explanation."
+msgstr ""
+"后来，我们了解到要区别&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;和&ldquo;å…
è´¹è½¯ä»¶&rdquo;。&ldquo;"
+"免费软件&rdquo;æ˜¯æŒ‡ä½ å¯ä»¥è‡ªç”±å†å‘å¸ƒçš„è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯ä½ 
å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰è‡ªç”±æ¥å­¦ä¹ å’Œä¿®æ”¹å…¶æºä»£"
+"ç ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†å…è´¹è½¯ä»¶ä¸æ˜¯è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ã€‚è¯·å‚çœ‹&ldquo;<a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-"
+"to-avoid.html#Freeware\">不清
楚的词汇和短语</a>&rdquo;了解更多解释。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<h3>译注</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">Murphy，墨菲效应。是指事情
如果有变坏的可能，不管这种可"
+"能性有多小，它总会发生。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote2\">Kantian 
Ethics，康德伦理。是指德国哲学家康德的义务论伦"
+"ç†æ€æƒ³ï¼Œå…¶åŸºæœ¬è§‚ç‚¹æ˜¯ï¼Œä¸–ç•Œä¸Šåªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªä¸œè¥¿æ˜¯æ— 
æ¡ä»¶çš„å–„ï¼Œä¸ä½†å®ƒè‡ªèº«æ˜¯æ— æ¡ä»¶å–„"
+"的，而且也是使一切å…
¶ä»–东西成为善的条件，这个东西就是理性，即善良意志。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote3\">millions for defense, but not a cent for 
tribute!原意是"
+"宁可战斗，也不乞和！</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote4\">NSF, National Science 
Foundation:美国国家科学基金会。</"
+"li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有å…
³è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶åŸºé‡‘会（FSF）&amp;GNU的一般性问题发送到<a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他联"
+"系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)ã€‚è¯·å°†æ— æ•ˆé“¾æŽ¥ï¼Œå…
¶ä»–错误或建议发送给<a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">"
+"翻译须知</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015 "
+"Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015 "
+"Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of "
+"this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and "
+"permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the "
+"recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this notice."
+msgstr ""
+"任何人有权，通过任何媒体，发布本文的逐字拷贝版，前提是保留版权声明和许可声"
+"明，并且发布者授权其接收者按ç…
§æœ¬è®¸å¯è¿›ä¸€æ­¥å‘布本文的许可。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Modified versions may not be made."
+msgstr "本文不可以修改。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>：尚卓燃 2018。<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a><br></br>\n"
+"<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2018。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："