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www/philosophy/po right-to-read.zh-cn.po


From: Wensheng XIE
Subject: www/philosophy/po right-to-read.zh-cn.po
Date: Thu, 21 Dec 2017 08:26:34 -0500 (EST)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     17/12/21 08:26:34

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : right-to-read.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: right-to-read.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: right-to-read.zh-cn.po
diff -N right-to-read.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ right-to-read.zh-cn.po      21 Dec 2017 13:26:33 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,744 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
+# Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2017.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: right-to-read.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-06 21:25+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-12-21 21:23+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "阅读的权利 - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The Right to Read"
+msgstr "阅读的权利"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a> 
著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of <cite>Communications "
+"of the ACM</cite> (Volume 40, Number 2).</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>本文出现于1997年2月出版的<cite>ACM通讯</cite>(卷40,第2号)。</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles about the "
+"antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096."
+msgstr ""
+"本文来自<cite>通往Tycho<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>之路</cite>,"
+"月球革命祖先的一部文集,于2096年发表于月之城<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote2\">2</"
+"a></sup>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college&mdash;when Lissa Lenz "
+"asked to borrow his computer.  Hers had broken down, and unless she could "
+"borrow another, she would fail her midterm project.  There was no one she "
+"dared ask, except Dan."
+msgstr ""
+"对Dan Halbert来说,通往Tycho之路始于大学&mdash;当Lissa 
Lenz问他借电脑的时候。"
+"她的电脑坏了,而且如果她不借一部电脑,她的期中项目就过不了å
…³ã€‚除了Dan,她就没"
+"人敢问了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This put Dan in a dilemma.  He had to help her&mdash;but if he lent her his "
+"computer, she might read his books.  Aside from the fact that you could go "
+"to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very "
+"idea shocked him at first.  Like everyone, he had been taught since "
+"elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong&mdash;something "
+"that only pirates would do."
+msgstr ""
+"这让Dan进退两难。他不得不帮忙&mdash;但是如果把电脑借给她,她就可能看他的书。"
+"除了让其他人看你
的书是要坐好多年牢的事之外,一有这个念头本身就够让他吃惊的"
+"了。和所有人一æ 
·ï¼Œä»–从小学起就被教育:分享书籍是错误而且令人厌恶的事&mdash;只"
+"有盗版者才会干的事。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"And there wasn't much chance that the SPA&mdash;the Software Protection "
+"Authority&mdash;would fail to catch him.  In his software class, Dan had "
+"learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where "
+"it was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing.  (They used this information "
+"to catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to "
+"retailers.)  The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing "
+"would find out.  He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest "
+"punishment&mdash;for not taking pains to prevent the crime."
+msgstr ""
+"况且,他也不大可能躲开SPA&mdash;软件保护局&mdash;的追踪。在软件课程中,Dan曾"
+"经学到过每本书都带有版权监控,它会向授权中心汇报何时何地谁在读。(当局利用这"
+"个信息来抓获盗版者,但也会向零售商兜售个人å…
´è¶£æ¦‚况。)当下次他的电脑联网时,"
+"授权中心就会知道了。他,作为电脑所有者
,会受到最严厉的惩罚&mdash;因为没有努力"
+"避免犯罪。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books.  She might "
+"want the computer only to write her midterm.  But Dan knew she came from a "
+"middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her "
+"reading fees.  Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate.  "
+"He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all "
+"the research papers he read.  (Ten percent of those fees went to the "
+"researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he "
+"could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would "
+"bring in enough to repay this loan.)"
+msgstr ""
+"当然,Lissa不是必
然要看他的书。她可能只是想用电脑写完期中项目。但是Dan知道她"
+"来自一个中产阶级家庭,而且几乎无法负担学费,更不必
说再支付阅读费了。阅读他的"
+"书可能是她能够毕业的唯一途径。他了解这个情
况;他自己也不得不借钱来支付所有要"
+"读的研究论文。(阅读费的十分之一是给论文作者
的;由于Dan的目标是学术研究,他也"
+"希望自己的ç 
”究论文,如果被频繁引用,会带来足够归还贷款的收入。)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the "
+"library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay.  "
+"There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without "
+"government library grants.  But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit "
+"journal publishers had begun charging fees for access.  By 2047, libraries "
+"offering free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory."
+msgstr ""
+"以后,Dan可能会了解到曾经有一个年代,任何人都可以去图书馆é˜
…读期刊文章、乃至书"
+"籍而无需付费。还曾经有过没有政府拨款的独立学者
,他们有的阅读了几千页的资料。"
+"但是在20世纪90年代,商业的和非盈利的期刊出版社都开始了付费查é˜
…。到2047年,学"
+"术文献的免费查阅仅仅存在于渺茫的记忆中了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central Licensing.  "
+"They were themselves illegal.  Dan had had a classmate in software, Frank "
+"Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip "
+"over the copyright monitor code when reading books.  But he had told too "
+"many friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward "
+"(students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal).  In 2047, Frank "
+"was in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger."
+msgstr ""
+"当然,有一些手段可以绕过SPA和授权中心。它们自然是非法的。Dan学软件时有一个同"
+"学,Frank Martucci,他搞到一个违禁的调试工å…
·ï¼Œå¹¶åœ¨è¯»ä¹¦æ—¶ç”¨å®ƒè·³è¿‡ç‰ˆæƒç›‘控代"
+"码。但是他把这件事讲给太多的朋友听了,å…
¶ä¸­ä¸€ä¸ªä¸ºäº†å¥–金向SPA举报了他(背负重债"
+"的学生很容易受到诱惑而背叛)。2047年,Frank进了监狱,不是å›
 ä¸ºç›—读,而是因为拥"
+"有调试器。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have debugging "
+"tools.  There were even free debugging tools available on CD or downloadable "
+"over the net.  But ordinary users started using them to bypass copyright "
+"monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their principal "
+"use in actual practice.  This meant they were illegal; the debuggers' "
+"developers were sent to prison."
+msgstr ""
+"以后,Dan可能会了解到曾经有一个时代,人人都可以拥有调试工å
…·ã€‚那时还有装有自由"
+"调试工具的光盘,甚至可以到网络上下载自由调试工å…
·ã€‚然而,普通用户开始使用调试"
+"工具来跳过版权监控,最终法官判定该工具实际
上主要用于跳过版权监控。这就意味着"
+"它们是非法的;该工具的开发者也进了监狱。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger vendors in "
+"2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially licensed and "
+"bonded programmers.  The debugger Dan used in software class was kept behind "
+"a special firewall so that it could be used only for class exercises."
+msgstr ""
+"当然,程序员还是需要调试工具的,不过调试工å…
·ä¾›åº”商在2047年只销售带编号的版"
+"本,而且只卖给正式授权和有担
保的程序员。Dan在软件课上使用的调试器被排除在特别"
+"的防火墙之外,所以它只能用于课堂练习。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a "
+"modified system kernel.  Dan would eventually find out about the free "
+"kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the "
+"turn of the century.  But not only were they illegal, like debuggers&mdash;"
+"you could not install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's "
+"root password.  And neither the FBI nor Microsoft Support would tell you "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+"还可以通过安装修改版的系统内æ 
¸æ¥è·³è¿‡ç‰ˆæƒç›‘控。Dan最终可能会了解到在世纪之初,"
+"自由内æ 
¸ã€ç”šè‡³æ˜¯æ•´ä¸ªè‡ªç”±æ“ä½œç³»ç»Ÿéƒ½æ˜¯å­˜åœ¨çš„。但是它们和调试器一æ
 ·éƒ½ä¸æ˜¯éžæ³•çš„"
+"&mdash;即使你不知道电脑的管理员密码,你也可以安装
一个。FBI或者Microsoft技术支"
+"持都不会告诉你这些。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer.  But he "
+"couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her.  Every chance to speak "
+"with her filled him with delight.  And that she chose him to ask for help, "
+"that could mean she loved him too."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan得出结论,他不能简单把电脑借给Lissa。但是他不能不帮她,å›
 ä¸ºä»–爱着她。每次"
+"和她交谈对他都如沐春风。既然她选择向他来求助,那么就可能意味着她也爱着他。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more unthinkable&mdash;he "
+"lent her the computer, and told her his password.  This way, if Lissa read "
+"his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading them.  It was still "
+"a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about it.  They would "
+"only find out if Lissa reported him."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan选择了让人意想不到的方式来解决这个难题&mdash;他把电脑借给她,并告诉她自己"
+"的密码。这æ 
·ï¼Œå¦‚æžœLissa看他的书,授权中心会以为是他在看书。这也是犯罪,但是"
+"SPA不会马上察觉。只有Lissa举报,他们才会知道。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own "
+"password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of "
+"what she had used it for.  School policy was that any interference with "
+"their means of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for "
+"disciplinary action.  It didn't matter whether you did anything "
+"harmful&mdash;the offense was making it hard for the administrators to check "
+"on you.  They assumed this meant you were doing something else forbidden, "
+"and they did not need to know what it was."
+msgstr ""
+"当然,如果学校发现他给了Lissa他的密ç 
ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä»–们俩的学生生涯就落幕了,无论她用"
+"密码干了什么。学校的政策是任何干扰学æ 
¡ç›‘控学生电脑使用情况的活动都是纪律惩戒"
+"的理由。无论你的所作所为是否有害都无å…
³ç´§è¦&mdash;如果那样,管理者就很难加罪于"
+"你。他们设定你从事了被禁止的活动,å…
·ä½“是什么活动,他们不需要知道。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Students were not usually expelled for this&mdash;not directly.  Instead "
+"they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably fail "
+"all their classes."
+msgstr ""
+"学生通常不会因
此被开除&mdash;不直接为这事儿。他们会被禁止使用学æ 
¡çš„计算机系"
+"统,这样他们最后所有学科都通不过。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only in "
+"the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers.  "
+"Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student "
+"discipline; they punished activities that were harmful, not those that "
+"merely raised suspicion."
+msgstr ""
+"以后,Dan可能会了解到这æ 
·çš„大学政策只是从20世纪80年代才开始的,当时大量的高校"
+"学生开始使用电脑。此前,大学的æ 
¡çºªæœ‰æ‰€ä¸åŒï¼›ä»–们惩戒有害的行为,而不是那些仅"
+"仅引起怀疑的行为。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA.  His decision to help her led to their "
+"marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about "
+"piracy as children.  The couple began reading about the history of "
+"copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even "
+"the original United States Constitution.  They moved to Luna, where they "
+"found others who had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA.  "
+"When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon "
+"became one of its central aims."
+msgstr ""
+"Lissa没有向SPA举报Dan。他做出的帮助让他们步å…
¥äº†å©šå§»çš„殿堂,也让他们质疑从小受"
+"到的关于盗版的教育。他们夫妇开始阅读有å…
³ç‰ˆæƒçš„历史、有关苏联及其对拷贝的限"
+"制、甚至有å…
³ç¾Žå›½å®ªæ³•çš„起源。他们搬到了月之城,在这里他们找到和他们一æ
 ·è¿œç¦»SPA"
+"魔掌的同伴。当2026年Tycho起义开始时,全面的阅
读权利很快成为其中心目的之一。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing list "
+"about the dangers of e-books</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>请加入å…
³äºŽç”µå­ä¹¦ä¹‹å±é™©çš„"
+"邮件列表</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Author's Notes"
+msgstr "作者附记"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in the "
+"future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a repressive "
+"society shaped by the unjust forces that use &ldquo;pirate&rdquo; as "
+"propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society.  I have tried to "
+"project it forwards into something more visibly oppressive. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">&ldquo;Piracy&rdquo;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"这是一个假想的历史故
事,它大概是由将来的某个人写的。它描述的是生活在专制社会"
+"的Dan Halbert的青年时代,那是一个被不å…
¬æ­£åŠ¿åŠ›æ‰­æ›²çš„社会,他们使用&ldquo;盗版"
+"&rdquo;一词作为宣传口号。所以该故
事也使用那个社会的术语。我尝试将该术语映射为"
+"更具视觉效果的类比。请参看<a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy"
+"\">&ldquo;Piracy&rdquo;</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other kinds "
+"of published works) are known as DRM, short for &ldquo;Digital Restrictions "
+"Management&rdquo;.  To eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has "
+"established the <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";>Defective by "
+"Design</a> campaign.  We ask for your support."
+msgstr ""
+"对租借或阅读书籍(以及å…
¶ä»–出版物)的计算机增强限制以DRM为著名,它是&ldquo;数"
+"字限制管理&rdquo;的简称。为了杜绝DRM,自由软件基金会建立了<a
 href=\"http://";
+"DefectiveByDesign.org\">设计性缺陷</a>运动。我们请求你
的支持。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a separate organization not related to "
+"the Free Software Foundation, also campaigns against DRM."
+msgstr ""
+"电子前哨基金会,一个和自由软件基金会无å…
³è”的独立组织,也开展了反对DRM的运动。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"The following note has been updated several times since the first "
+"publication of the story."
+msgstr "以下注记自本文发表之后做了多次更新。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The battle for the right to read is already being fought.  Although it may "
+"take 50 years for our past freedoms to fade into obscurity, most of the "
+"specific repressive laws and practices described above have already been "
+"proposed; some have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere.  In the "
+"US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) gave explicit "
+"government backing to the computer-enforced restrictions known as DRM, by "
+"making the distribution of programs that can break DRM a crime.  The "
+"European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive, "
+"in a form not quite as strong."
+msgstr ""
+"针对阅
读权利的斗争已经展开。虽然我们逝去的自由可能需要50年才淡出视野,但是本"
+"文描述的大部分专制法律和实践已经被提出;å…
¶ä¸­ä¸€äº›å·²ç»åœ¨ç¾Žå›½å’Œå…¶ä»–地区颁布为法"
+"律。在美国,1998年颁布的千禧年数字版权法(DMCA)明文赋予政府对叫做DRM的计算机"
+"增强限制的支持,该法案把发行ç 
´è§£DRM程序的行为定为犯罪。欧盟在2001年颁布的命令"
+"中也强加了类似的限制,其形式不是那么强烈。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The US campaigns to impose such rules on the rest of the world through so-"
+"called &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; treaties.  <a href=\"https://stallman.org/";
+"business-supremacy-treaties.html\"> Business-supremacy treaties</a> is a "
+"more fitting term for them, since they are designed to give business "
+"dominion over nominally democratic states.  The DMCA's policy of "
+"criminalizing programs that break DRM is one of many unjust policies that "
+"these treaties impose across a wide range of fields."
+msgstr ""
+"美国试图通过所谓&ldquo;自由贸易&rdquo;条约游说å…
¶ä»–国家引入这些条例。其实<a "
+"href=\"https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html\";>商业至上条约</"
+"a>对它们更合适,因
为这些条例是设计来让商业统治名义上民主的国家。DMCA中将ç
 ´è§£"
+"DRM的程序犯罪化的政策只是此类条约中众多不å…
¬æ­£çš„政策之一,而这些条约已经推行到"
+"广泛的领域。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The US has imposed DMCA requirements on Australia, Panama, Colombia and "
+"South Korea through bilateral agreements, and on countries such as Costa "
+"Rica through another treaty, CAFTA.  Obama has escalated the campaign with "
+"two new proposed treaties, the TPP and the TTIP.  The TPP would impose the "
+"DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12 countries on the Pacific Ocean.  "
+"The TTIP would impose similar strictures on Europe.  All these treaties must "
+"be defeated, or abolished."
+msgstr ""
+"美国已经将DMCA要求通过双边协议推广到澳大利亚、巴拿马、哥伦比亚和韩国,并且通"
+"过另一个条约,CAFTA,将其推广到诸如哥斯达黎加
之类的国家。奥巴马总统使用两个新"
+"提出的条约,TPP和TTIP,将该运动升级。TPP会向太平洋地区的12个国家推广DMCA,连"
+"带许多å…
¶ä»–错误措施。TTIP会向欧洲推广类似的限制。所有这些条约必
须废除或撤销。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even the World Wide Web Consortium has fallen under the shadow of the "
+"copyright industry; it is on the verge of approving a DRM system as an "
+"official part of the web specifications."
+msgstr ""
+"甚至万维网联盟(W3C)也已经被笼罩在版权行业的阴影之下;它正处在批准DRM进å
…¥æ­£"
+"式网络规格的边缘。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nonfree software tends to have <a href=\"/proprietary/\">abusive features of "
+"many kinds</a>, which lead to the conclusion that <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">you can never trust a nonfree program</"
+"a>.  We must insist on free (libre)  software only, and reject nonfree "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+"非自由软件倾向于带有<a 
href=\"/proprietary/\">多种滥用功能</a>,从此可以得出"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">你永远无
法相信"
+"非自由软件</a>的结论。我们必
须坚持只用自由软件,并拒绝非自由软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door: "
+"Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software &ldquo;upgrades,&rdquo; "
+"even if users consider them rather to be downgrades.  It can also order all "
+"machines running Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver.  The main "
+"purpose of Vista's clampdown on users was to impose DRM that users can't "
+"overcome.  Of course, Windows 10 is no better"
+msgstr ""
+"对Windows Vista来说,微软承认它内
置了后门:微软可以使用它来强制安装软件"
+"&ldquo;更新&rdquo;,即使用户想要的是降级。它还可以命令所有运行Vista的电脑拒绝"
+"执行指定的驱动。Vista对用户实施专制的主要目的是导å…
¥DRM,用户根本无法抗拒。当"
+"然,Windows 10也好不到哪去。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.  This "
+"is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep the root passwords for your "
+"personal computers, and not let you have them."
+msgstr ""
+"该故
事中讲到的一个问题直到2002年才成为现实。这就是FBI和微软Microsoft拥有ä½
ʍӵ"
+"脑的管理员密码,而你却没有。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The proponents of this scheme gave early versions names such as &ldquo;"
+"trusted computing&rdquo; and &ldquo;Palladium&rdquo;, but as ultimately put "
+"into use, it is called &ldquo;secure boot&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"倡导该方案的早期版本叫做&ldquo;可信计算&rdquo;和&ldquo;守护神&rdquo;,但是最"
+"后使用时,它被叫做&ldquo;安全启动&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional sense; no "
+"person ever types it on a terminal.  Rather, it is a signature and "
+"encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer.  "
+"This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with "
+"Microsoft, the ultimate control over what the user can do on per own "
+"computer.  Microsoft is likely to use that control on behalf of the FBI when "
+"asked: it already <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">shows the "
+"NSA security bugs in Windows</a> to exploit."
+msgstr ""
+"微软拥有的并不真的是传统意义上的密码;它甚至不必
在终端输入。更准确地说,它是"
+"一个和保存在电脑里的另一个密钥对应的签名和密钥。这使得微软,可能还åŒ
…括其他和"
+"微软合作的网站,能够像拥有该电脑的用户一样完å…
¨æŽ§åˆ¶è¯¥ç”µè„‘。微软可能在FBI要求时"
+"使用该控制:它已经<a 
href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">向NSA展示"
+"Windows的安全漏洞</a>以供其利用。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Secure boot can be implemented in a way that permits the user to specify the "
+"signature key and decide what software to sign.  In practice, PCs designed "
+"for Windows 10 carry only Microsoft's key, and whether the machine's owner "
+"can install any other system (such as GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's "
+"control.  We call this <em>restricted boot</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"安全启动可以设计为å…
è®¸ç”¨æˆ·æŒ‡å®šç­¾åå¯†é’¥å¹¶å†³å®šç»™å“ªä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ç­¾åã€‚实际
操作中,为"
+"Windows 10设计的个人电脑只带有微软的密钥,电脑所有者
可否安装其他系统(比如"
+"GNU/Linux)由微软控制。我们称之为<em>受限制的启动</em>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In 1997, when this story was first published, the SPA was threatening small "
+"Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all "
+"users.  Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they could not afford "
+"to fight back in court.  One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, "
+"California, refused the demand and was actually sued.  The SPA later dropped "
+"the suit, but the DMCA gave it the power it sought."
+msgstr ""
+"在1997年,当本文首次发表时,SPA对小的网络服务提供商发出威胁,要求他们å
…è®¸SPA"
+"监控所有用户。大多数ISP在威胁下屈服了,因为他们无
法承担法律诉讼。其中一个"
+"ISP,加州奥克兰的Community 
ConneXion,拒绝该要求并真的起诉了。SPA后来放弃了该"
+"诉讼,但是DMCA又给了它想要的权力。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association, has been "
+"replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.  The BSA "
+"is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like one.  "
+"Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people "
+"to inform on their coworkers and friends.  A BSA terror campaign in "
+"Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software "
+"would be raped in prison."
+msgstr ""
+"SPA,实际是软件出版者
协会的缩写,已经被类似警察角色的商业软件联盟(BSA)代"
+"替。BSA今天还不是正式的警察;不过它扮演的就是非正式的警察。它使用让人想起前苏"
+"联的手段,邀请人们举报自己的同事和朋友。2001年在阿æ 
¹å»·çš„BSA恐怖行动几乎毫不遮"
+"掩地威胁人们:分享软件者会在监狱里被强暴。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The university security policies described above are not imaginary.  For "
+"example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message "
+"upon login:"
+msgstr ""
+"本文描述的大学安全政策并非想象。例如,芝加
哥地区的一所大学的电脑登录界面会显"
+"示:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This system is for the use of authorized users only.  Individuals using this "
+"computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority are "
+"subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded "
+"by system personnel.  In the course of monitoring individuals improperly "
+"using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of "
+"authorized user may also be monitored.  Anyone using this system expressly "
+"consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals "
+"possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of University regulations "
+"system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to University "
+"authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
+msgstr ""
+"本系统仅
供授权用户使用。未经授权或越权使用该系统的人,å…
¶æ‰€æœ‰æ“ä½œéƒ½å¯èƒ½ä¼šè¢«ç³»"
+"统人员监控和记录。为了监控系统滥用情
况或在系统维护阶段,授权用户的操作也可能"
+"被监控。任何使用该系统的人都表明å…
¶åŒæ„è¿™ç§ç›‘控,并已被告知如果监控发现有非法"
+"操作或违反学校规章的情况,系统人员会向æ 
¡æ–¹å’Œ/或执法单位提供监控证据。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most "
+"everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it."
+msgstr ""
+"这是对第四修正案的有趣解读:为了å…
é™¤ç¬¬å››ä¿®æ­£æ¡ˆèµ‹äºˆäººä»¬çš„权利,事先施压让大多"
+"数人同意。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Bad News"
+msgstr "坏消息"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The battle for the right to read is going against us so far.  The enemy is "
+"organized, and we are not."
+msgstr "目前,阅
读权利的战斗正在针对我们进行。敌人有组织,而为我们没有。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Today's commercial e-books <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"
+"\"> abolish readers' traditional freedoms</a>.  Amazon's e-book reader "
+"product, which I call the &ldquo;Amazon Swindle&rdquo; because it's designed "
+"to swindle readers out of the traditional freedoms of readers of books, is "
+"run by software with several demonstrated <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-"
+"kindle-swindle.html\">Orwellian functionalities</a>.  Any one of them calls "
+"for rejecting the product completely:"
+msgstr ""
+"今天的商业电子书<a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\">å…
é™¤äº†è¯»è€…"
+"享有的传统自由</a>。亚马逊的电子书阅
读器,我称之为&ldquo;亚马逊骗局&rdquo;,"
+"因为它为欺骗电子书读者丢弃传统阅
读自由而设计,它运行的软件展示了好几种<a "
+"href=\"/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html\">奥威尔式的功能<sup><a
 href="
+"\"#TransNote3\">3</a></sup></a>。有其中任何一个都应该完å…
¨æ‹’绝该产品:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It spies on everything the user does: it reports which book the user is "
+"reading, and which page, and it reports when the user highlights text, and "
+"any notes the user enters."
+msgstr ""
+"它监控用户的所有操作:报告用户在看哪本书、哪一页、用户何时高亮了文字以及用户"
+"做了什么注记。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "It has DRM, which is intended to block users from sharing copies."
+msgstr "它带有DRM,用来阻止用户分享拷贝。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It has a back door with which Amazon can remotely erase any book.  In 2009, "
+"it erased thousands of copies of 1984, by George Orwell."
+msgstr ""
+"它带有一个后门,亚马逊可以用它来删
除任何一本书。在2009年,它删除了数千个乔治·"
+"奥威尔著的《1984》拷贝。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In case all that isn't Orwellian enough, there is a universal back door with "
+"which Amazon can remotely change the software, and introduce any other form "
+"of nastiness."
+msgstr ""
+"如果这一切还不够奥威尔式,它还带有一个å…
¨å±€åŽé—¨ï¼Œäºšé©¬é€Šå¯ä»¥ç”¨å®ƒè¿œç¨‹æ›´æ”¹è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œ"
+"并导入任意其他形式的污秽之物。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too.  It identifies the user and "
+"records what books the user obtains.  It also requires users to agree to an "
+"antisocial contract that they won't share copies with others.  My conscience "
+"tells me that, if I had agreed to such a contract, the lesser evil would be "
+"to defy it and share copies anyway; however, to be entirely good, I should "
+"not agree to it in the first place.  Therefore, I refuse to agree to such "
+"contracts, whether for software, for e-books, for music, or for anything "
+"else."
+msgstr ""
+"亚马逊的电子书发布也å…
·æœ‰åŽ‹è¿«æ€§ã€‚它确认用户身份并记录用户获取了什么书。它还要"
+"求用户同意一个反社会的合同,即用户不得和他人分享书籍拷贝。我的良知告诉我,即"
+"便我同意了这个合同,我也会做出相对不那么恶魔的事:我会违背该合同并和他人分享"
+"书籍拷贝;然而,如果要完全善意,我首å…
ˆä¸ä¼šåŒæ„è¯¥åˆåŒã€‚所以,我拒绝这样的合"
+"同,无论是对软件、电子书、音乐或其他任何东西。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need to "
+"organize and fight.  Subscribe to the FSF's <a href=\"http://";
+"defectivebydesign.org\"> Defective by Design</a> campaign to lend a hand.  "
+"You can <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/associate\";>join the FSF</a> to support "
+"our work more generally.  There is also a <a href=\"/help/help.html\">list "
+"of ways to participate in our work</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"如果你
想要阻止这些坏消息并创建好消息,那么我们需要组织并战斗起来。请订é˜
…FSF的"
+"<a 
href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org\";>设计性缺陷</a>运动并贡献一份力量。ä½
 "
+"可以<a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/associate\";>加å…
¥FSF</a>来支持我们的普遍性工"
+"作。这里还有一份<a href=\"/help/help.html\">加å…
¥æˆ‘们工作的列表</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "References"
+msgstr "参考资料"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The administration's &ldquo;White Paper&rdquo;: Information Infrastructure "
+"Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</"
+"a>] and the National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working "
+"Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995)."
+msgstr ""
+"管理&ldquo;白皮书&rdquo;:信息基础架构特别小组,知识产权[<a
 href=\"/"
+"philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</a>]和国家信息基础架构:知识产权[sic]工作报告"
+"(1995)。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An "
+"explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, "
+"Wired, Jan. 1996"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>å…
³äºŽ"
+"白皮书的解释:版权豪夺</a>,Pamela 
Samuelson,连线(Wired),1996年1月"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
+"James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>售罄</a>,James 
"
+"Boyle,纽约时报,1996年3月31日版"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-";
+"people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html\">Public Data or "
+"Private Data</a>, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-";
+"people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html\">公å…
±æ•°æ®è¿˜æ˜¯ç§"
+"人数据</a>,华盛顿邮报,1996年11月4日版"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.";
+"org/\">Union for the Public Domain</a>&mdash;an organization which aims to "
+"resist and reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.";
+"org/\">公å…
±é¢†åŸŸçš„联合</a>&mdash;一个旨在反对和扭转版权与专利权力过度扩å¼
 çš„组"
+"织。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Other Texts to Read"
+msgstr "其他参阅资料"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Philosophy of the GNU Project</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">GNU工程的哲学</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/2596679/networking/copy-";
+"protection--just-say-no.html\" id=\"copy-protection\">Copy Protection: Just "
+"Say No</a>, published in Computer World."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/2596679/networking/copy-";
+"protection--just-say-no.html\" 
id=\"copy-protection\">复制保护:只需说不</"
+"a>,由计算机世界发表。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本文发表于<a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";
+"\"><cite>自由软件,自由世界:Richard M. 
Stallman选集</cite></a>。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<h3>译注</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">Tycho,一个著名的月球环形山。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote2\">本文是一篇面向未来的科幻小品文。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote3\">Orweillian,奥威尔式的。指ç 
´åè‡ªç”±ã€å¼€æ”¾å’Œç¦åˆ©ç¤¾ä¼šçš„"
+"(行为)。Orwellian词源是英国小说家George 
Orwell(乔治·奥威尔)。该小说家著名"
+"作品有《Animal 
Farm》和《1984》等,都是影射前苏联的政治讽刺小说。</li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU的一般性问题发送到<a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他联"
+"系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或å…
¶ä»–错误和建议,请发送邮件到"
+"<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"若您想翻译本文,请参看<a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">"
+"翻译须知</a>获取有关协调和提交翻译的相关事项。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard "
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard "
+"Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本页面使用<a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a>授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译团队</b>:<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>,2017。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新:"



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