www/philosophy/po surveillance-vs-democracy.zh-...

[Wensheng XIE]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     17/10/21 08:13:56

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : surveillance-vs-democracy.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: surveillance-vs-democracy.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: surveillance-vs-democracy.zh-cn.po
diff -N surveillance-vs-democracy.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ surveillance-vs-democracy.zh-cn.po  21 Oct 2017 12:13:53 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1005 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html
+# Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2017.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: surveillance-vs-democracy.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-04-04 12:56+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-10-21 19:29+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand? - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr "民主能够承受多少监控？ - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?"
+msgstr "民主能够承受多少监控？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> 著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "A version of this article was first published in Wired in October 2013."
+msgstr "本文的初版在2013年10月发表于连线（Wired）。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><a>
+msgid "<a href=\"/graphics/dog.html\">"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/graphics/dog.html\">"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <div><div><div><a><img>
+msgid ""
+"Cartoon of a dog, wondering at the three ads that popped up on his computer "
+"screen..."
+msgstr 
"一只狗的卡通画，它正疑惑地看着电脑屏幕上弹出的3个广告......"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div>
+msgid "</a>"
+msgstr "</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
+msgid "&ldquo;How did they find out I'm a dog?&rdquo;"
+msgstr "&ldquo;他们是怎么知道我是狗的？&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Thanks to Edward Snowden's disclosures, we know that the current level of "
+"general surveillance in society is incompatible with human rights.  The "
+"repeated harassment and prosecution of dissidents, sources, and journalists "
+"in the US and elsewhere provides confirmation.  We need to reduce the level "
+"of general surveillance, but how far? Where exactly is the <em>maximum "
+"tolerable level of surveillance</em>, which we must ensure is not exceeded? "
+"It is the level beyond which surveillance starts to interfere with the "
+"functioning of democracy, in that whistleblowers (such as Snowden) are "
+"likely to be caught."
+msgstr ""
+"感谢Edward 
Snowden的揭露，我们知道了目前社会的常规监控已经违背了人权。在美国"
+"和世界各地不断重复发生的对持不同政见者
、消息来源以及新闻工作者的骚扰和迫害也"
+"印证了这个事实。我们需要降低常规监控的水平，但是降低到什么水平呢？哪个水平正"
+"好是<em>最大可容忍的监控</em>，是我们要确保不能超
越的水平呢？这个水平是一旦被"
+"超越，监控就开始干扰正常的民主制度，表现为报警者
（象Snowden）可能会被捕。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Faced with government secrecy, we the people depend on whistleblowers to <a "
+"href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/11/reddit-tpp-ama\";>tell us what "
+"the state is doing</a>.  However, today's surveillance intimidates potential "
+"whistleblowers, which means it is too much.  To recover our democratic "
+"control over the state, we must reduce surveillance to the point where "
+"whistleblowers know they are safe."
+msgstr ""
+"面对政府秘密，我们普通民众有赖报警者来<a 
href=\"https://www.eff.org/";
+"deeplinks/2013/11/reddit-tpp-ama\">告诉我们政府在做什么</a>。然而，目前的监控"
+"威胁到了潜在的报警者
，这就是说有点过了。要重振民主对政府的控制，我们必
须把监"
+"控的水平降低到报警者感到安全的水平。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Using free/libre software, <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
+"important.html\">as I've advocated for 30 years</a>, is the first step in "
+"taking control of our digital lives, and that includes preventing "
+"surveillance.  We can't trust nonfree software; the NSA <a href=\"https://";
+"web.archive.org/web/20130622044225/http://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-";
+"enterprise/2013/06/how-can-any-company-ever-trust-microsoft-again/index.htm"
+"\">uses</a> and even <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/05/";
+"nsa-gchq-encryption-codes-security\">creates</a> security weaknesses in "
+"nonfree software to invade our own computers and routers.  Free software "
+"gives us control of our own computers, but <a href=\"http://www.wired.com/";
+"opinion/2013/10/149481/\">that won't protect our privacy once we set foot on "
+"the Internet</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"使用自由（free/libre）软件，<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
+"important.html\">正如我已经提倡了30å¹´</a>，是我们控制数字生活的第一步，å
…¶ä¸­å°±"
+"包括防止监控。我们不能相信非自由软件；NSA<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></"
+"sup><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130622044225/http://blogs.";
+"computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2013/06/how-can-any-company-ever-trust-"
+"microsoft-again/index.htm\">利用</a>甚至<a 
href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"world/2013/sep/05/nsa-gchq-encryption-codes-security\">åˆ¶é€ 
</a>非自由软件的安"
+"全弱点来å…
¥ä¾µæˆ‘们的电脑和路由器。自由软件让我们能够控制自己的电脑，但是<a
 "
+"href=\"http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/10/149481/\";>这并不能在我们上网时保"
+"护我们的隐私。</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/10/nsa-surveillance-";
+"patriot-act-author-bill\">Bipartisan legislation to &ldquo;curtail the "
+"domestic surveillance powers&rdquo;</a> in the U.S. is being drawn up, but "
+"it relies on limiting the government's use of our virtual dossiers.  That "
+"won't suffice to protect whistleblowers if &ldquo;catching the "
+"whistleblower&rdquo; is grounds for access sufficient to identify him or "
+"her.  We need to go further."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/10/nsa-surveillance-";
+"patriot-act-author-bill\">在美国，两党立法来&ldquo;限制国内
监控权力&rdquo;</"
+"a>正在计划中，但是它依赖于限制政府使用我们的虚拟档案<sup><a
 href="
+"\"#TransNote2\">2</a></sup>。如果&ldquo;抓捕报警者
&rdquo;的前提是获取指认她/"
+"ä»–çš„è¶³å¤Ÿèµ„æ–™ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆè¿™æ ·çš„ç«‹æ³•ä¸è¶³ä»¥ä¿æŠ¤æŠ¥è­¦è€…
。我们需要更进一步。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "The Upper Limit on Surveillance in a Democracy"
+msgstr "民主社会中监控的上限"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If whistleblowers don't dare reveal crimes and lies, we lose the last shred "
+"of effective control over our government and institutions.  That's why "
+"surveillance that enables the state to find out who has talked with a "
+"reporter is too much surveillance&mdash;too much for democracy to endure."
+msgstr ""
+"如果报警者
不敢披露罪恶和谎言，我们就失去了对政府和制度的最后一丝控制。这就是"
+"为什么允许政府发现谁是报告者
的监控是过度的监控&mdash;æ˜¯æ°‘ä¸»æ— æ³•æ‰¿å—çš„è¿‡åº¦ç›‘"
+"控。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"An unnamed U.S. government official ominously told journalists in 2011 that "
+"the <a href=\"http://www.rcfp.org/browse-media-law-resources/news-media-law/";
+"news-media-and-law-summer-2011/lessons-wye-river\">U.S. would not subpoena "
+"reporters because &ldquo;We know who you're talking to.&rdquo;</a> Sometimes "
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/sep/24/yemen-leak-sachtleben-";
+"guilty-associated-press\">journalists' phone call records are subpoenaed</a> "
+"to find this out, but Snowden has shown us that in effect they subpoena all "
+"the phone call records of everyone in the U.S., all the time, <a href="
+"\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131226044537/http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"world/interactive/2013/jun/06/verizon-telephone-data-court-order\">from "
+"Verizon</a> and <a href=\"http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nsa-data-mining-";
+"digs-into-networks-beyond-verizon-2013-06-07\">from other companies too</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"在2011年，某美国政府官员幸灾乐祸地告诉记者<a 
href=\"http://www.rcfp.org/";
+"browse-media-law-resources/news-media-law/news-media-and-law-summer-2011/"
+"lessons-wye-river\">ç¾Žå›½æ”¿åºœä¸ä¼šä¼ å”¤æŠ¥å‘Šè€…ï¼Œå› 
为&ldquo;æˆ‘ä»¬çŸ¥é“ä½ å’Œè°è°ˆè¿‡ã€‚"
+"&rdquo;</a>有时，<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/sep/24/";
+"yemen-leak-sachtleben-guilty-associated-press\">记者
的通话记录会被调取</a>以"
+"查明通话人，但是Snowden向我们展示了å…
¶å®žç¾Žå›½æ‰€æœ‰äººçš„通话记录都被调取，随时调"
+"取，<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20131226044537/http://www.";
+"theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jun/06/verizon-telephone-data-court-"
+"order\">从Verizon</a>和<a href=\"http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nsa-data-";
+"mining-digs-into-networks-beyond-verizon-2013-06-07\">其他公司</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Opposition and dissident activities need to keep secrets from states that "
+"are willing to play dirty tricks on them.  The ACLU has demonstrated the U."
+"S. government's <a href=\"http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/Spyfiles_2_0.pdf";
+"\">systematic practice of infiltrating peaceful dissident groups</a> on the "
+"pretext that there might be terrorists among them.  The point at which "
+"surveillance is too much is the point at which the state can find who spoke "
+"to a known journalist or a known dissident."
+msgstr ""
+"反对派和持不同证件者需要曝å…
‰å½“局的秘密，以防止政府利用秘密干坏事。"
+"ACLU<sup><a href=\"#TransNote3\">3</a></sup>展示了美国政府<a 
href=\"http://";
+"www.aclu.org/files/assets/Spyfiles_2_0.pdf\">系统性å…
¥ä¾µå’Œå¹³çš„持不同证件者组织"
+"的活动</a>，å…
¶å€Ÿå£å°±æ˜¯è¿™äº›ç»„织中可能有恐怖分子。监控过度的水平就是政府能够通"
+"过监控发现谁和记者或持不同证件者谈过话的水平。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Information, Once Collected, Will Be Misused"
+msgstr "信息，一旦被搜集，就会被滥用"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"When people recognize that the level of general surveillance is too high, "
+"the first response is to propose limits on access to the accumulated data.  "
+"That sounds nice, but it won't fix the problem, not even slightly, even "
+"supposing that the government obeys the rules.  (The NSA has misled the FISA "
+"court, which said it was <a href=\"http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/09/";
+"nsa-violations/\">unable to effectively hold the NSA accountable</a>.) "
+"Suspicion of a crime will be grounds for access, so once a whistleblower is "
+"accused of &ldquo;espionage,&rdquo; finding the &ldquo;spy&rdquo; will "
+"provide an excuse to access the accumulated material."
+msgstr ""
+"当人们认识到监控的水平过高时，他们的第一反应是提议限制获取数据。这听起来不"
+"错，但不解决问题，一点儿也不解决问题，即使假设政府会遵守这些条款也是一æ
 ·ã€‚"
+"（NSA误导了FISA<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote4\">4</a></sup>法庭，该法庭说它<a "
+"href=\"http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/09/nsa-violations/\";>不能有效地"
+"让NSA负责</a>ã€‚ï¼‰å› 
为怀疑有罪就能够成为获取数据的理由，所以一旦报警者
被指控"
+"&ldquo;从事谍报活动，&rdquo;那么搜索&ldquo;间谍&rdquo;就会成为获取数据的借"
+"口。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition, the state's surveillance staff will misuse the data for "
+"personal reasons.  Some NSA agents <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"world/2013/aug/24/nsa-analysts-abused-surveillance-systems\">used U.S. "
+"surveillance systems to track their lovers</a>&mdash;past, present, or "
+"wished-for&mdash;in a practice called &ldquo;LOVEINT.&rdquo; The NSA says it "
+"has caught and punished this a few times; we don't know how many other times "
+"it wasn't caught.  But these events shouldn't surprise us, because police "
+"have long <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160401102120/http://www.";
+"sweetliberty.org/issues/privacy/lein1.htm#.V_mKlYbb69I\">used their access "
+"to driver's license records to track down someone attractive</a>, a practice "
+"known as &ldquo;running a plate for a date.&rdquo; This practice has "
+"expanded with <a href=\"https://theyarewatching.org/issues/risks-increase-";
+"once-data-shared\">new digital systems</a>.  In 2016, a prosecutor was "
+"accused of forging judges' signatures to get authorization to <a href="
+"\"http://gizmodo.com/government-officials-cant-stop-spying-on-their-";
+"crushes-1789490933\"> wiretap someone who was the object of a romantic "
+"obsession</a>. The AP knows of <a href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/";
+"article/699236946e3140659fff8a2362e16f43/ap-across-us-police-officers-abuse-"
+"confidential-databases\">many other instances in the US</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦å¤–ï¼Œæ”¿åºœçš„ç›‘æŽ§äººå‘˜è¿˜ä¼šå› 
私滥用这些数据。某些NSA人员<a href=\"http://www.";
+"theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/24/nsa-analysts-abused-surveillance-systems\">"
+"使用政府的监控系统来追踪其情
人</a>&mdash;的过去、现在或计划&mdash;这在实践中"
+"称为&ldquo;LOVEINT。&rdquo;NSAå£°ç§°å®ƒæ›¾æŠ“èŽ·å’Œæƒ©ç½šäº†å‡ 
起此类事件；我们并不知道"
+"è¿˜æœ‰å¤šå°‘èµ·å¹¶æœªæŠ“åˆ°ã€‚ä½†è¿™å¹¶ä¸æ„å¤–ï¼Œå› 
为一直以来警察就<a href=\"https://web.";
+"archive.org/web/20160401102120/http://www.sweetliberty.org/issues/privacy/";
+"lein1.htm#.V_mKlYbb69I\">使用访问驾ç…
§è®°å½•çš„权力来追踪迷人的人</a>，这在实践中"
+"叫做&ldquo;查驾照约会。&rdquo;该行为还随着<a 
href=\"https://theyarewatching.";
+"org/issues/risks-increase-once-data-shared\">新的数字系统</a>æ‰©å¼ 
。在2016年，"
+"æŸå…¬è¯‰äººè¢«æŒ‡æŽ§ä¼ªé€ æ³•å®˜ç­¾åä»¥èŽ·å‡†<a 
href=\"http://gizmodo.com/government-";
+"officials-cant-stop-spying-on-their-crushes-1789490933\">搭线窃听一个å…
¶è¿·æ‹çš„"
+"对象</a>。AP<sup><a href=\"#TransNote5\">5</a></sup>了解<a 
href=\"http://";
+"bigstory.ap.org/article/699236946e3140659fff8a2362e16f43/ap-across-us-police-"
+"officers-abuse-confidential-databases\">更多美国的其他案例</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Surveillance data will always be used for other purposes, even if this is "
+"prohibited.  Once the data has been accumulated and the state has the "
+"possibility of access to it, it can misuse that data in dreadful ways, as "
+"shown by examples from <a href=\"http://falkvinge.net/2012/03/17/collected-";
+"personal-data-will-always-be-used-against-the-citizens/\">Europe</a> and <a "
+"href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_American_internment\";>the US </"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"即使禁止，监控数据总是会用于å…
¶ä»–目的。一旦数据已收集并且政府可以访问，那么政"
+"府有很多恶劣的方法使用该数据，比如<a 
href=\"http://falkvinge.net/2012/03/17/";
+"collected-personal-data-will-always-be-used-against-the-citizens/\">欧洲</a>"
+"和<a 
href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_American_internment\";>美国"
+"</a>的例子。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Personal data collected by the state is also likely to be obtained by "
+"outside crackers that break the security of the servers, even by <a href="
+"\"https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150612/16334231330/second-opm-hack-";
+"revealed-even-worse-than-first.shtml\">crackers working for hostile states</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"由政府收集的个人数据也有可能被骇客通过入侵安å…
¨æœåŠ¡å™¨èŽ·å¾—，甚至被<a href="
+"\"https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150612/16334231330/second-opm-hack-";
+"revealed-even-worse-than-first.shtml\">为敌对国家工作的骇客获得</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Governments can easily use massive surveillance capability to <a href="
+"\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/22/world/europe/macedonia-government-is-";
+"blamed-for-wiretapping-scandal.html\">subvert democracy directly</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"政府可以轻易使用其强大的监控能力<a 
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/22/";
+"world/europe/macedonia-government-is-blamed-for-wiretapping-scandal.html\">直"
+"接毁灭民主</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Total surveillance accessible to the state enables the state to launch a "
+"massive fishing expedition against any person.  To make journalism and "
+"democracy safe, we must limit the accumulation of data that is easily "
+"accessible to the state."
+msgstr ""
+"对监控的å…
¨é¢æŽŒæŽ§ä½¿å¾—政府可以对任何人开展大规模的钓鱼调查。要使言论和民主安"
+"全，我们必须限制政府对监控数据的访问。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Robust Protection for Privacy Must Be Technical"
+msgstr "对隐私的有力保护必须是技术性的"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Electronic Frontier Foundation and other organizations propose a set of "
+"legal principles designed to <a href=\"https://en.necessaryandproportionate.";
+"org/text\">prevent the abuses of massive surveillance</a>.  These principles "
+"include, crucially, explicit legal protection for whistleblowers; as a "
+"consequence, they would be adequate for protecting democratic freedoms&mdash;"
+"if adopted completely and enforced without exception forever."
+msgstr ""
+"电子前线基金会（Electronic Frontier Foundation）和å…
¶ä»–一些组织提议了一组法律"
+"原则来<a 
href=\"https://en.necessaryandproportionate.org/text\";>禁止大规模监"
+"控的滥用</a>。这些原则包括，对报警者严æ 
¼ã€æ˜Žç¡®çš„法律保护；作为结果，这些原则"
+"足够来保护民主自由&mdash;å¦‚æžœå®Œå…¨é‡‡çº³å¹¶æ°¸æ— 
例外地执行。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"However, such legal protections are precarious: as recent history shows, "
+"they can be repealed (as in the FISA Amendments Act), suspended, or <a href="
+"\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/us/16nsa.html\";>ignored</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"然而，这种法律保护是不确定的：正如当代历史展示的，法律会被废除（象FISA修正"
+"案）、终止或<a 
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/us/16nsa.html\";>忽略"
+"</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, demagogues will cite the usual excuses as grounds for total "
+"surveillance; any terrorist attack, even one that kills just a handful of "
+"people, can be hyped to provide an opportunity."
+msgstr ""
+"同时，恶意政客会引用搜集证据的条款来作为å…
¨é¢ç›‘控的法律支持；恐怖袭击，即使只"
+"是杀死极少数人，也能作为他们发挥的理由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If limits on access to the data are set aside, it will be as if they had "
+"never existed: years worth of dossiers would suddenly become available for "
+"misuse by the state and its agents and, if collected by companies, for their "
+"private misuse as well.  If, however, we stop the collection of dossiers on "
+"everyone, those dossiers won't exist, and there will be no way to compile "
+"them retroactively.  A new illiberal regime would have to implement "
+"surveillance afresh, and it would only collect data starting at that date.  "
+"As for suspending or momentarily ignoring this law, the idea would hardly "
+"make sense."
+msgstr ""
+"如果获取数据的限制被搁置一边，那么情
å†µå°±å˜å¾—å’Œé™åˆ¶ä¸å­˜åœ¨ä¸€æ ·ï¼šåŽ†å¹´çš„æ¡£æ¡ˆçªç„¶"
+"就变得可能会被政府及其代理人滥用，如果由公司收集，å…
¬å¸ä¹Ÿä¼šç§è‡ªæ»¥ç”¨ã€‚但是，如"
+"果终止收集这些档案，那么就没有档案，当然也就没有可能做回溯ç
 ”究。一个新的非自"
+"ç”±æ”¿æƒåªèƒ½é‡æ–°æž„é€ 
监控，而且只能收集从那以后的数据。如果可以终止或暂时忽略该"
+"æ³•å¾‹ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆè¿™ä¸ªæƒ³æ³•å°±å‡ ä¹Žæ¯«æ— æ„ä¹‰ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "First, Don't Be Foolish"
+msgstr "首先，不要被愚弄"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"To have privacy, you must not throw it away: the first one who has to "
+"protect your privacy is you.  Avoid identifying yourself to web sites, "
+"contact them with Tor, and use browsers that block the schemes they use to "
+"track visitors.  Use the GNU Privacy Guard to encrypt the contents of your "
+"email.  Pay for things with cash."
+msgstr ""
+"è¦æ‹¥æœ‰éšç§ï¼Œä½ å°±ä¸èƒ½æŠ›å¼ƒå®ƒï¼šä½ 
是第一个要保护自己隐私的人。避免在网站暴露身"
+"份、使用Tor<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote6\">6</a></sup>上网、使用带有阻止跟踪功能"
+"的浏览器。使用GNU Privacy Guardï¼ˆéšç§æŠ¤å«ï¼‰æ¥åŠ 
密电子邮件。用现金付款。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Keep your own data; don't store your data in a company's &ldquo;"
+"convenient&rdquo; server.  It's safe, however, to entrust a data backup to a "
+"commercial service, provided you put the files in an archive and encrypt the "
+"whole archive, including the names of the files, with free software on your "
+"own computer before uploading it."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¿æŠ¤ä½ çš„æ•°æ®ï¼›ä¸è¦å°†è‡ªå·±çš„æ•°æ®ä¿å­˜åœ¨å…¶ä»–å…
¬å¸&ldquo;便利的&rdquo;服务器上。然"
+"è€Œï¼Œå•†ç”¨çš„æ•°æ®å¤‡ä»½æœåŠ¡æ˜¯å®‰å…¨çš„ï¼Œå¦‚æžœä½ åœ¨ä¸Šä¼ 
之前，使用自由软件在自己的电脑上"
+"æŠŠæ–‡ä»¶å½’æ¡£å¹¶åŠ å¯†ï¼ŒåŒ…æ‹¬åŠ å¯†æ–‡ä»¶åã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"For privacy's sake, you must avoid nonfree software since, as a consequence "
+"of giving others control of your computing, it is <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"proprietary-surveillance.html\">likely to spy on you</a>.  Avoid <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">service as a software "
+"substitute</a>; as well as giving others control of your computing, it "
+"requires you to hand over all the pertinent data to the server."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ºéšç§è€ƒè™‘ï¼Œä½ è¦é¿å…ä½¿ç”¨éžè‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œå› ä¸ºé‚£æ ·ä½ 
就把计算的控制交给了他人，他们"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/proprietary-surveillance.html\">å¯èƒ½ä¼šå€Ÿæ­¤çª¥æŽ¢ä½ 
</a>。"
+"避免<a 
href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">用软件代替"
+"服务</a>ï¼›è¿™ä¹Ÿæ˜¯æŠŠè®¡ç®—æŽ§åˆ¶äº¤ç»™äº†åˆ«äººï¼Œå› ä¸ºè¿™è¦æ±‚ä½ æŠŠå…
¨éƒ¨ç›¸å…³æ•°æ®äº¤ç»™æœåŠ¡å™¨ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Protect your friends' and acquaintances' privacy, too.  <a href=\"http://";
+"bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/21/in-cybersecurity-sometimes-the-weakest-"
+"link-is-a-family-member/\">Don't give out their personal information</a> "
+"except how to contact them, and never give any web site your list of email "
+"or phone contacts.  Don't tell a company such as Facebook anything about "
+"your friends that they might not wish to publish in a newspaper.  Better "
+"yet, don't be used by Facebook at all.  Reject communication systems that "
+"require users to give their real names, even if you are going to give yours, "
+"since they pressure other people to surrender their privacy."
+msgstr ""
+"è¯·ä½ ä¹Ÿä¿æŠ¤æœ‹å‹å’Œç†Ÿäººçš„éšç§ã€‚<a 
href=\"http://bits.blogs.nytimes.";
+"com/2014/05/21/in-cybersecurity-sometimes-the-weakest-link-is-a-family-"
+"member/\">不要暴露他们的个人信息</a>除了如何联系他们，不要把邮件联系人和电话"
+"联系人交给任何网站。不要告诉诸如Facebookè¿™æ ·çš„ç½‘ç«™ä½ 
朋友们不愿在报纸上公开的"
+"事。最好就是æ 
¹æœ¬ä¸è¦ä½¿ç”¨Facebookã€‚è¯·æ‹’ç»ä½¿ç”¨è¦æ±‚å®žåçš„ç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œå³ä½¿ä½ 
愿意实名，"
+"ä¹Ÿä¸è¦å› æ­¤è€Œç»™ä»–äººçš„éšç§å¸¦æ¥åŽ‹åŠ›ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Self-protection is essential, but even the most rigorous self-protection is "
+"insufficient to protect your privacy on or from systems that don't belong to "
+"you.  When we communicate with others or move around the city, our privacy "
+"depends on the practices of society.  We can avoid some of the systems that "
+"surveil our communications and movements, but not all of them.  Clearly, the "
+"better solution is to make all these systems stop surveilling people other "
+"than legitimate suspects."
+msgstr ""
+"è‡ªæˆ‘ä¿æŠ¤å¾ˆé‡è¦ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å³ä½¿æœ€ä¸¥è°¨çš„è‡ªæˆ‘ä¿æŠ¤ä¹Ÿæ— 
æ³•åœ¨åˆ«äººçš„è®¾å¤‡ä¸Šä¿æŠ¤ä½ çš„éšç§ã€‚å½“"
+"我们和其他人交流或者
流连于城市之中时，我们的隐私依赖于社会的实践。我们可以避"
+"å…ä¸€äº›ç›‘æŽ§æˆ‘ä»¬äº¤æµå’Œæ´»åŠ¨çš„ç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æ— æ³•é¿å…
æ‰€æœ‰çš„监控系统。很明显，最好就是"
+"终止所有的监控，除了针对法律允许的嫌疑犯。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "We Must Design Every System for Privacy"
+msgstr "我们设计每个系统时都必须考虑隐私"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If we don't want a total surveillance society, we must consider surveillance "
+"a kind of social pollution, and limit the surveillance impact of each new "
+"digital system just as we limit the environmental impact of physical "
+"construction."
+msgstr ""
+"如果我们不要完全监控的社会，我们必
须视监控为社会污染，我们要象限制建筑工程对"
+"çŽ¯å¢ƒçš„å½±å“ä¸€æ ·é™åˆ¶ç›‘æŽ§å¯¹æ¯ä¸ªæ–°æ•°å­—ç³»ç»Ÿçš„å½±å“ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"For example: &ldquo;smart&rdquo; meters for electricity are touted for "
+"sending the power company moment-by-moment data about each customer's "
+"electric usage, including how usage compares with users in general.  This is "
+"implemented based on general surveillance, but does not require any "
+"surveillance.  It would be easy for the power company to calculate the "
+"average usage in a residential neighborhood by dividing the total usage by "
+"the number of subscribers, and send that to the meters.  Each customer's "
+"meter could compare her usage, over any desired period of time, with the "
+"average usage pattern for that period.  The same benefit, with no "
+"surveillance!"
+msgstr ""
+"比如：&ldquo;智能&rdquo;电表设计为按时向电力å…
¬å¸å‘送每个用户的用电数据，包括"
+"用电量和平均水平的比较。该设计是一种普遍性监控，而我们不应该对此进行监控。电"
+"力公司很容易æ 
¹æ®åœ°åŒºçš„总用电量除以登记用户数计算出平均用电量，并将此数据发送"
+"到电表。每个电表用户可以使用获得的数据，自己比较某个时段的用电量æƒ
…å†µã€‚åŒæ ·çš„"
+"结果，但是没有监控！"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid "We need to design such privacy into all our digital systems."
+msgstr "我们需要为每个数字设备设计此类隐私保护。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Remedy for Collecting Data: Leaving It Dispersed"
+msgstr "针对数据收集的解药：分散数据"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One way to make monitoring safe for privacy is to <a name=\"dispersal\">keep "
+"the data dispersed and inconvenient to access</a>.  Old-fashioned security "
+"cameras were no threat to privacy(<a href=\"#privatespace\">*</a>).  The "
+"recording was stored on the premises, and kept for a few weeks at most.  "
+"Because of the inconvenience of accessing these recordings, it was never "
+"done massively; they were accessed only in the places where someone reported "
+"a crime.  It would not be feasible to physically collect millions of tapes "
+"every day and watch them or copy them."
+msgstr ""
+"让隐私在监控下安全的一个方法是<a 
name=\"dispersal\">分散数据并使之不容易获取"
+"</a>。老式的安全摄像头对隐私不构成威胁（<a 
href=\"#privatespace\">*</a>）。它"
+"çš„è®°å½•éƒ½ä¿å­˜åœ¨æœ¬åœ°ï¼Œæœ€å¤šä¿ç•™æ•°å‘¨ã€‚å› 
为获取这些记录并不方便，所以从来没有大规"
+"模地收集此类数据；只有有人报告犯罪活动时，数据才被从本地调取。每天收集上百万"
+"的磁带并查看或复制实际上是不可能完成的任务。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nowadays, security cameras have become surveillance cameras: they are "
+"connected to the Internet so recordings can be collected in a data center "
+"and saved forever.  This is already dangerous, but it is going to get "
+"worse.  Advances in face recognition may bring the day when suspected "
+"journalists can be tracked on the street all the time to see who they talk "
+"with."
+msgstr ""
+"今天，安å…
¨æ‘„像头变成了监控摄像头：他们连接到互联网，所以记录能够由数据中心收"
+"集并永久保存。这本身已经很危险，但情
况正变得更糟。人脸识别技术的进展有一天会"
+"全程追踪被怀疑的记者，从而查看他们在和谁说话。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Internet-connected cameras often have lousy digital security themselves, "
+"which means <a href=\"http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/cia-wants-";
+"spy-you-through-your-appliances\">anyone can watch what those cameras see</"
+"a>.  This makes internet-connected cameras a major threat to security as "
+"well as privacy.  For privacy's sake, we should ban the use of Internet-"
+"connected cameras aimed where and when the public is admitted, except when "
+"carried by people.  Everyone must be free to post photos and video "
+"recordings occasionally, but the systematic accumulation of such data on the "
+"Internet must be limited."
+msgstr ""
+"网络摄像头本身的数字安全性通常很差劲，<a 
href=\"http://www.networkworld.com/";
+"community/blog/cia-wants-spy-you-through-your-appliances\">任何人都可以查看这"
+"些摄像头在观察什么</a>。这使网络摄像头成为安å…
¨å’Œéšç§çš„主要威胁。为了保护隐"
+"私，我们应该禁止针对å…
¬ä¼—行踪的网络摄像头，除了那些人们随身携带的摄像设备。人"
+"们必须有自由间或发布一些ç…
§ç‰‡å’Œè§†é¢‘，但是在网络上系统收集此类数据的行为必须受"
+"到限制。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"privatespace\"><b>*</b></a>I assume here that the security camera "
+"points at the inside of a store, or at the street.  Any camera pointed at "
+"someone's private space by someone else violates privacy, but that is "
+"another issue."
+msgstr ""
+"<a name=\"privatespace\"><b>*</b></a>此处，我假设安å…
¨æ‘„像头指向商店内部或者指"
+"向街道。指向他人私有空间的摄像头侵犯了隐私权，但那是另一个问题。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Remedy for Internet Commerce Surveillance"
+msgstr "针对商业网络监控的解药"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Most data collection comes from people's own digital activities.  Usually "
+"the data is collected first by companies.  But when it comes to the threat "
+"to privacy and democracy, it makes no difference whether surveillance is "
+"done directly by the state or farmed out to a business, because the data "
+"that the companies collect is systematically available to the state."
+msgstr ""
+"大多数数据来自人们自己的数字活动。通常这些数据首å…
ˆè¢«å…¬å¸æ”¶é›†ã€‚但是当数据威胁"
+"çš„æ˜¯éšç§å’Œæ°‘ä¸»æ—¶ï¼Œç›‘æŽ§æ¥è‡ªæ”¿åºœè¿˜æ˜¯æ¥è‡ªå•†ä¸šå…¬å¸å¹¶æ— 
åˆ†åˆ«ï¼Œå› ä¸ºæ”¿åºœæ˜¯å¯ä»¥ç³»ç»Ÿæ€§"
+"地获取由公司收集的数据的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The NSA, through PRISM, has <a href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/";
+"headline/2013/08/23-2\">gotten into the databases of many large Internet "
+"corporations</a>.  AT&amp;T has saved all its phone call records since 1987 "
+"and <a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/02/us/drug-agents-use-vast-";
+"phone-trove-eclipsing-nsas.html?_r=0\">makes them available to the DEA</a> "
+"to search on request.  Strictly speaking, the U.S.  government does not "
+"possess that data, but in practical terms it may as well possess it.  Some "
+"companies are praised for <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-";
+"government-data-requests-2015\">resisting government data requests to the "
+"limited extent they can</a>, but that can only partly compensate for the "
+"harm they do to by collecting that data in the first place.  In addition, "
+"many of those companies misuse the data directly or provide it to data "
+"brokers."
+msgstr ""
+"NSA，通过PRISM<sup><a href=\"#TransNote7\">7</a></sup>，可以<a href="
+"\"https://www.commondreams.org/headline/2013/08/23-2\";>进å…
¥è®¸å¤šå¤§åž‹ç½‘络集团的"
+"数据库</a>。AT&amp;T保存着自1987年以来的电话记录并<a 
href=\"http://www.";
+"nytimes.com/2013/09/02/us/drug-agents-use-vast-phone-trove-eclipsing-nsas."
+"html?_r=0\">让DEA<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote8\">8</a></sup>有权</a>按需查询。严"
+"æ ¼æ¥è¯´ï¼Œç¾Žå›½æ”¿åºœä¸æ‹¥æœ‰è¿™äº›æ•°æ®ï¼Œä½†å®žé™…
上它就算拥有这些数据。某些公司由于<a "
+"href=\"https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-government-data-requests-2015\";>"
+"尽量阻挡政府调取数据的请求</a>而受到赞扬，但是这只能部分补偿å
…¶é¦–先收集数据带"
+"来的伤害。另外，很多此类å…
¬å¸è‡ªå·±ä¹Ÿç›´æŽ¥æ»¥ç”¨è¿™äº›æ•°æ®æˆ–者卖给数据掮客。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The goal of making journalism and democracy safe therefore requires that we "
+"reduce the data collected about people by any organization, not just by the "
+"state.  We must redesign digital systems so that they do not accumulate data "
+"about their users.  If they need digital data about our transactions, they "
+"should not be allowed to keep them more than a short time beyond what is "
+"inherently necessary for their dealings with us."
+msgstr ""
+"要达成保护言论自由和民主的目的就需要我们减少不止是政府对人们的数据收集，还要"
+"减少组织和公司的数据收集。我们必
须重新设计数字系统以确保它们不会收集用户数"
+"据。如果系统的确需要我们的交易数据，它们也不能保留数据è¶
…过业务本身需要的短时"
+"间。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One of the motives for the current level of surveillance of the Internet is "
+"that sites are financed through advertising based on tracking users' "
+"activities and propensities.  This converts a mere annoyance&mdash;"
+"advertising that we can learn to ignore&mdash;into a surveillance system "
+"that harms us whether we know it or not.  Purchases over the Internet also "
+"track their users.  And we are all aware that &ldquo;privacy policies&rdquo; "
+"are more excuses to violate privacy than commitments to uphold it."
+msgstr ""
+"网络监控到达目前水平的一个动机是很多网站æ 
¹æ®ç”¨æˆ·çš„æ´»åŠ¨å’Œå€¾å‘åšå¹¿å‘Šï¼Œå¹¶å› 此获"
+"得经济回报。这使得原本只是令人讨厌的&mdash;可以忽略的广告&mdash;变成了æ—
 论我"
+"ä»¬æ˜¯å¦çŸ¥æ™“éƒ½ä¼šé€ 
成伤害的监控系统。网络购买也会跟踪用户。我们都很清
楚&ldquo;隐"
+"私政策&rdquo;只是违反隐私的借口而非保护隐私的承诺。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"We could correct both problems by adopting a system of anonymous "
+"payments&mdash;anonymous for the payer, that is.  (We don't want to help the "
+"payee dodge taxes.)  <a href=\"http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/05/lets-cut-";
+"through-the-bitcoin-hype/\">Bitcoin is not anonymous</a>, though there are "
+"efforts to develop ways to pay anonymously with Bitcoin.  However, "
+"technology for <a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.12/emoney_pr.";
+"html\">digital cash was first developed in the 1980s</a>; the GNU software "
+"for doing this is called <a href=\"http://taler.net/\";>GNU Taler</a>.  Now "
+"we need only suitable business arrangements, and for the state not to "
+"obstruct them."
+msgstr ""
+"我们可以采取匿名付款的系统同时改正以上两个问题&mdash;就是付款è€
…匿名。（我们并"
+"不想帮助收款人避税。）<a 
href=\"http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/05/lets-";
+"cut-through-the-bitcoin-hype/\">比特币并不匿名</a>，虽然有人开发了用比特币匿"
+"名付款的方法。然而，技术上，<a 
href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/";
+"archive/2.12/emoney_pr.html\">数字现金最早于1980年代首次被开发</a>；最早实现"
+"该功能的GNU软件叫做<a href=\"http://taler.net/\";>GNU 
Taler</a>。现在我们只需"
+"è¦åˆé€‚çš„å•†ä¸šè§„åˆ’ï¼Œä»¥åŠæ”¿åºœä¸è¦é˜»æŒ è¿™äº›è§„åˆ’ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Another possible method for anonymous payments would use <a href=\"https://";
+"stallman.org/articles/anonymous-payments-thru-phones.html\">prepaid phone "
+"cards</a>.  It is less convenient, but very easy to implement."
+msgstr ""
+"另一个匿名付款的可能方法是使用<a 
href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/";
+"anonymous-payments-thru-phones.html\">预付款电话卡</a>。它虽然不太方便，但是"
+"很容易实现。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A further threat from sites' collection of personal data is that security "
+"breakers might get in, take it, and misuse it.  This includes customers' "
+"credit card details.  An anonymous payment system would end this danger: a "
+"security hole in the site can't hurt you if the site knows nothing about you."
+msgstr ""
+"网站收集个人数据的另一个威胁是安全攻击者会侵å…
¥ï¼ŒèŽ·å–数据并滥用之。这包括客户"
+"信用卡的详情。匿名付款系统会结束这个危险：网站的安å…
¨æ¼æ´žä¸ä¼šä¼¤å®³åˆ°ä½ ï¼Œå› ä¸ºç½‘"
+"ç«™ä¸çŸ¥é“ä½ æ˜¯è°ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Remedy for Travel Surveillance"
+msgstr "针对旅行监控的解药"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"We must convert digital toll collection to anonymous payment (using digital "
+"cash, for instance).  License-plate recognition systems recognize all "
+"license plates, and the <a href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/";
+"whos_watching_you/8064333.stm\">data can be kept indefinitely</a>; they "
+"should be required by law to notice and record only those license numbers "
+"that are on a list of cars sought by court orders.  A less secure "
+"alternative would record all cars locally but only for a few days, and not "
+"make the full data available over the Internet; access to the data should be "
+"limited to searching for a list of court-ordered license-numbers."
+msgstr ""
+"æˆ‘ä»¬å¿…é¡»å°†ç”µå­è¿‡è·¯è´¹æ”¶å–ç³»ç»Ÿæ”¹é€ 
为匿名付费系统（比如，使用数字现金）。车牌识"
+"别系统会识别所有的牌照，而且<a 
href=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/";
+"whos_watching_you/8064333.stm\">å…¶æ•°æ®æ— 
限期保留</a>；法律应该要求这些系统注"
+"意并只记录已经有法庭命令需要追踪的车牌号ç 
ã€‚另一个不太安全的替代方案是将所有"
+"è½¦ç‰Œè®°å½•ï¼Œä½†åªåœ¨æœ¬åœ°ä¿å­˜å‡ å¤©ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”ä¸æŠŠå…
¨éƒ¨æ•°æ®é€šè¿‡ç½‘络存取；只允许搜索那些已"
+"ç»æœ‰æ³•åº­å‘½ä»¤éœ€è¦è¿½è¸ªçš„è½¦ç‰Œå·ç ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The U.S. &ldquo;no-fly&rdquo; list must be abolished because it is <a href="
+"\"https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty-racial-";
+"justice/victory-federal-court-recognizes\">punishment without trial</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"美国的&ldquo;禁止飞行&rdquo;åå•åº”è¯¥å–æ¶ˆï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒæ˜¯<a 
href=\"https://www.aclu.";
+"org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty-racial-justice/victory-"
+"federal-court-recognizes\">未经审理的惩罚</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"It is acceptable to have a list of people whose person and luggage will be "
+"searched with extra care, and anonymous passengers on domestic flights could "
+"be treated as if they were on this list.  It is also acceptable to bar non-"
+"citizens, if they are not permitted to enter the country at all, from "
+"boarding flights to the country.  This ought to be enough for all legitimate "
+"purposes."
+msgstr ""
+"将一些人列å…
¥éœ€è¦ç‰¹åˆ«äººèº«å’Œè¡ŒæŽæ£€æŸ¥çš„名单是可以接受的，国内
航班的匿名乘客也可"
+"ä»¥åŒæ ·å¯¹å¾…ã€‚ä»Žå…¥å¢ƒèˆªç­æ‹¦æˆªé‚£äº›æœ¬æ¥å°±ä¸è®¸å…
¥å¢ƒçš„人员也是可以接受的。这些措施应"
+"该可以满足所有的法律目的了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many mass transit systems use some kind of smart cards or RFIDs for "
+"payment.  These systems accumulate personal data: if you once make the "
+"mistake of paying with anything but cash, they associate the card "
+"permanently with your name.  Furthermore, they record all travel associated "
+"with each card.  Together they amount to massive surveillance.  This data "
+"collection must be reduced."
+msgstr ""
+"许多大额支付系统使用某类智能卡或射频卡（RFID）来支付。这些系统会收集个人数"
+"æ®ï¼šå¦‚æžœä½ æœ‰ä¸€æ¬¡æ²¡æœ‰ä½¿ç”¨çŽ°é‡‘æ”¯ä»˜ï¼Œå®ƒä»¬å°±ä¼šæ°¸ä¹…æŠŠä½ 
的名字和所使用的卡绑定。这"
+"æ ·å®ƒä»¬å°±ç­‰äºŽåœ¨è¿›è¡Œå¤§è§„æ¨¡çš„ç›‘æŽ§ã€‚è¿™ç±»æ•°æ®æ”¶é›†å¿…
须减少。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Navigation services do surveillance: the user's computer tells the map "
+"service the user's location and where the user wants to go; then the server "
+"determines the route and sends it back to the user's computer, which "
+"displays it.  Nowadays, the server probably records the user's locations, "
+"since there is nothing to prevent it.  This surveillance is not inherently "
+"necessary, and redesign could avoid it: free/libre software in the user's "
+"computer could download map data for the pertinent regions (if not "
+"downloaded previously), compute the route, and display it, without ever "
+"telling anyone where the user is or wants to go."
+msgstr ""
+"导航服务也监控：用户的电脑设备会告诉地图服务商用户的位置以及用户要去哪里；然"
+"后服务器计算路线并发回给用户的设备，设备再显示路线。今天，服务器可能会记录用"
+"æˆ·çš„ä½ç½®ï¼Œå› 
ä¸ºæ²¡ä»€ä¹ˆå¯ä»¥é˜»æ­¢å®ƒä»¬è¿™ä¹ˆåšã€‚è¿™ç§ç›‘æŽ§æœ¬èº«å¹¶æ— å¿…
要，重新设计可以避"
+"免：用户设备上的自由软件可以下载相å…
³çš„地图区域（如果不是事先下载好了），计算"
+"路线并显示，这就没有必要告诉任何人用户要去哪里。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Systems for borrowing bicycles, etc., can be designed so that the borrower's "
+"identity is known only inside the station where the item was borrowed.  "
+"Borrowing would inform all stations that the item is &ldquo;out,&rdquo; so "
+"when the user returns it at any station (in general, a different one), that "
+"station will know where and when that item was borrowed.  It will inform the "
+"other station that the item is no longer &ldquo;out.&rdquo; It will also "
+"calculate the user's bill, and send it (after waiting some random number of "
+"minutes) to headquarters along a ring of stations, so that headquarters "
+"would not find out which station the bill came from.  Once this is done, the "
+"return station would forget all about the transaction.  If an item remains "
+"&ldquo;out&rdquo; for too long, the station where it was borrowed can inform "
+"headquarters; in that case, it could send the borrower's identity "
+"immediately."
+msgstr ""
+"诸如租借自行车之类的系统，可以设计为租借者的身份仅
被当事出借站所知。该出借站"
+"可以通知所有其他站点某物品已经&ldquo;借出&rdquo;，这æ 
·ç§Ÿå€Ÿè€…就可以在任意站点"
+"归还物品（一般来说，是另一个站点），而归还站已知该物品是何时在何地被借出。它"
+"会通知å…
¶ä»–站点该物品不再是&ldquo;借出&rdquo;。归还站还会计算用户的账单，并将"
+"之（在等待随机时间段后）经由多个站点发回总部，这æ 
·æ€»éƒ¨å°±ä¸èƒ½çŸ¥é“账单来自哪"
+"里。完成发送之后，归还站将忘掉该交易。如果物品长时间保持&ldquo;借出&rdquo;，"
+"借出站可以通知总部；此时，它可以立即把租借者
的身份发送过去。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Remedy for Communications Dossiers"
+msgstr "针对通讯档案的解药"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Internet service providers and telephone companies keep extensive data on "
+"their users' contacts (browsing, phone calls, etc).  With mobile phones, "
+"they also <a href=\"http://www.zeit.de/digital/datenschutz/2011-03/data-";
+"protection-malte-spitz\">record the user's physical location</a>.  They keep "
+"these dossiers for a long time: over 30 years, in the case of AT&amp;T.  "
+"Soon they will even <a href=\"http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/10/the-";
+"trojan-horse-of-the-latest-iphone-with-the-m7-coprocessor-we-all-become-qs-"
+"activity-trackers/\">record the user's body activities</a>.  It appears that "
+"the <a href=\"https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-";
+"liberty/it-sure-sounds-nsa-tracking-your-location\">NSA collects cell phone "
+"location data</a> in bulk."
+msgstr ""
+"网络服务商和电话公司保留å…
¶ç”¨æˆ·çš„大量数据（浏览记录、通话记录等等）。对移动电"
+"话用户，他们还会<a 
href=\"http://www.zeit.de/digital/datenschutz/2011-03/";
+"data-protection-malte-spitz\">记录用户的å…
·ä½“位置</a>。这些档案会保留很长时"
+"间：对AT&amp;T来说，超过30年。在不久的将来他们甚至会<a 
href=\"http://www.";
+"wired.com/opinion/2013/10/the-trojan-horse-of-the-latest-iphone-with-the-m7-"
+"coprocessor-we-all-become-qs-activity-trackers/\">记录用户的身体动作</a>。看"
+"起来<a href=\"https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-";
+"liberty/it-sure-sounds-nsa-tracking-your-location\">NSA也会大量收集移动电话的"
+"位置信息</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Unmonitored communication is impossible where systems create such dossiers.  "
+"So it should be illegal to create or keep them.  ISPs and phone companies "
+"must not be allowed to keep this information for very long, in the absence "
+"of a court order to surveil a certain party."
+msgstr ""
+"åœ¨åˆ¶é€ 
æ­¤ç±»æ¡£æ¡ˆçš„ç³»ç»Ÿä¸­ï¼Œé€šè®¯ä¸è¢«ç›‘æŽ§æ˜¯ä¸å¯èƒ½çš„ã€‚æ‰€ä»¥åˆ¶é€ 
和保留这些档案应该是"
+"非法的。必须禁止网络提供商和电话å…
¬å¸é•¿æ—¶é—´ä¿ç•™è¿™äº›ä¿¡æ¯ï¼Œé™¤éžé’ˆå¯¹æŸäº›æœ‰æ³•åº­å‘½"
+"令的对象。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This solution is not entirely satisfactory, because it won't physically stop "
+"the government from collecting all the information immediately as it is "
+"generated&mdash;which is what the <a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/";
+"world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order\">U.S. does with "
+"some or all phone companies</a>.  We would have to rely on prohibiting that "
+"by law.  However, that would be better than the current situation, where the "
+"relevant law (the PAT RIOT Act) does not clearly prohibit the practice.  In "
+"addition, if the government did resume this sort of surveillance, it would "
+"not get data about everyone's phone calls made prior to that time."
+msgstr ""
+"è¯¥è§£å†³æ–¹æ¡ˆä¸å®Œå…¨ä»¤äººæ»¡æ„ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒæ— æ³•å®žé™…
阻止政府在数据产生之后立即获得&mdash;"
+"这正是<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-";
+"records-verizon-court-order\">美国政府对某些或全部电话å…
¬å¸çš„所作所为</a>。我"
+"们还是不得不依赖法律来禁止这种行为。但是，这总好过目前的æƒ
…况，相关法律（PAT "
+"RIOT 
Act）并不明确地禁止这种行为。另外，如果政府要恢复监控，它也æ—
 法获得在恢"
+"复之前的通话记录。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"For privacy about who you exchange email with, a simple partial solution is "
+"for you and others to use email services in a country that would never "
+"cooperate with your own government, and which communicate with each other "
+"using encryption.  However, Ladar Levison (owner of the mail service Lavabit "
+"that US surveillance sought to corrupt completely) has a more sophisticated "
+"idea for an encryption system through which your email service would know "
+"only that you sent mail to some user of my email service, and my email "
+"service would know only that I received mail from some user of your email "
+"service, but it would be hard to determine that you had sent mail to me."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ºäº†ä¿æŠ¤ä½ 
ç”µå­é‚®ä»¶é€šè®¯çš„éšç§ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªç®€å•çš„å±€éƒ¨è§£å†³åŠžæ³•æ˜¯ä½ 
和通讯者使用不会和当"
+"åœ°æ”¿åºœåˆä½œçš„é‚®ä»¶æœåŠ¡å•†ï¼Œå¹¶äº’ç›¸ä½¿ç”¨åŠ 
密通讯。但是，Ladar Levison（Lavabit邮件"
+"服务的拥有者，美国监控机构企图彻底ç 
´åè¯¥é‚®ä»¶ç³»ç»Ÿï¼‰å¯¹é‚®ä»¶åŠ 密系统有一个更复杂"
+"çš„æƒ³æ³•ï¼šä½ çš„é‚®ä»¶æœåŠ¡å•†åªä¼šçŸ¥é“ä½ 
向我的邮件服务商的某个用户发送了邮件，同时我"
+"çš„é‚®ä»¶æœåŠ¡å•†åªä¼šçŸ¥é“æˆ‘æ”¶åˆ°äº†æ¥è‡ªä½ 
的邮件服务商的某个用户的邮件，但是它很难确"
+"å®šæ˜¯ä½ å‘é‚®ä»¶ç»™äº†æˆ‘ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "But Some Surveillance Is Necessary"
+msgstr "但是某些监控还是必要的"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"For the state to find criminals, it needs to be able to investigate specific "
+"crimes, or specific suspected planned crimes, under a court order.  With the "
+"Internet, the power to tap phone conversations would naturally extend to the "
+"power to tap Internet connections.  This power is easy to abuse for "
+"political reasons, but it is also necessary.  Fortunately, this won't make "
+"it possible to find whistleblowers after the fact, if (as I recommend) we "
+"prevent digital systems from accumulating massive dossiers before the fact."
+msgstr ""
+"政府要抓到罪犯，它要能够在法庭命令下调查指定的罪案或è€
…指定的可疑预谋。有了互"
+"联网，监听电话的权力会自然延伸到监听互联网。虽然政府很容易滥用该权力，但是它"
+"也是必要的。所幸的是，如果（按我的建议）事å…
ˆå·²ç»ç¦æ­¢äº†æ¡£æ¡ˆæ”¶é›†ï¼Œåœ¨äº‹åŽæŸ¥æ‰¾æŠ¥"
+"警者就不太可能。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Individuals with special state-granted power, such as police, forfeit their "
+"right to privacy and must be monitored.  (In fact, police have their own "
+"jargon term for perjury, &ldquo;<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.";
+"php?title=Police_perjury&amp;oldid=552608302\">testilying</a>,&rdquo; since "
+"they do it so frequently, particularly about protesters and <a href=\"http://";
+"photographyisnotacrime.com/\">photographers</a>.)  One city in California "
+"that required police to wear video cameras all the time found <a href="
+"\"http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2013/08/ubiquitous-surveillance-";
+"police-edition\">their use of force fell by 60%</a>.  The ACLU is in favor "
+"of this."
+msgstr ""
+"å…
·æœ‰æ”¿åºœç‰¹æƒçš„个人，比如警察，将失去隐私权并被监控。（事实上，警察自己就有å
…³"
+"于做伪证的专用术语&ldquo;<a 
href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?";
+"title=Police_perjury&amp;oldid=552608302\">警察伪证罪（testilying）</"
+"a>&rdquo;ï¼Œå› ä¸ºè¿™äº‹å„¿ç»å¸¸å‘ç”Ÿï¼Œç‰¹åˆ«æ˜¯æœ‰å…³æŠ—è®®è€…å’Œ<a 
href=\"http://";
+"photographyisnotacrime.com/\">摄影者</a>æ—¶ã€‚ï¼‰åŠ 
州的一个城市要求警察全程穿戴"
+"录像机，结果是<a href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2013/08/";
+"ubiquitous-surveillance-police-edition\">警察使用武力的现象减少60%</a>。"
+"ACLU（美国公民自由联盟）很支持这个做法。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://action.citizen.org/p/dia/action3/common/public/?";
+"action_KEY=12266\">Corporations are not people, and not entitled to human "
+"rights</a>.  It is legitimate to require businesses to publish the details "
+"of processes that might cause chemical, biological, nuclear, fiscal, "
+"computational (e.g., <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";>DRM</a>) or "
+"political (e.g., lobbying) hazards to society, to whatever level is needed "
+"for public well-being.  The danger of these operations (consider the BP oil "
+"spill, the Fukushima meltdowns, and the 2008 fiscal crisis) dwarfs that of "
+"terrorism."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://action.citizen.org/p/dia/action3/common/public/?";
+"action_KEY=12266\">企业不是人，它们没有人权</a>。要求商业å…
¬å¸å…¬å¼€å…¶å¯èƒ½å¯¹ç¤¾ä¼š"
+"å¯¼è‡´åŒ–å­¦ã€ç”Ÿç‰©ã€æ ¸ã€é‡‘èžã€è®¡ç®—ï¼ˆæ¯”å¦‚<a 
href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org";
+"\">DRM</a>）或政治（比如游说）等风险的活动的细节是合法的，如果这些风险对大众"
+"利益的影响达到了一定的水平。这些活动的危险（想想BP原油泄漏、福岛æ
 ¸ç”µç«™ååº”å †"
+"æ ¸å¿ƒç†”æ¯å’Œ2008金融危机）超过了恐怖袭击。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"However, journalism must be protected from surveillance even when it is "
+"carried out as part of a business."
+msgstr "但是，言论自由必
须不受监控，即使它是以商业的形式呈现的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Digital technology has brought about a tremendous increase in the level of "
+"surveillance of our movements, actions, and communications.  It is far more "
+"than we experienced in the 1990s, and <a href=\"https://hbr.org/2013/06/your-";
+"iphone-works-for-the-secret-police\">far more than people behind the Iron "
+"Curtain experienced</a> in the 1980s, and proposed legal limits on state use "
+"of the accumulated data would not alter that."
+msgstr ""
+"数字技术大大提高了对我们的活动、行为和通讯的监控水平。它远远è¶
…过了1990年代我"
+"们所经历的水平，也<a 
href=\"https://hbr.org/2013/06/your-iphone-works-for-";
+"the-secret-police\">远超人们在1980年代的铁幕<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote9\">9</"
+"a></sup>经历</a>ï¼Œæ”¿åºœæè®®çš„å¯¹æ‰€æœé›†æ•°æ®çš„ä½¿ç”¨é™åˆ¶ä¹Ÿæ— 
法改变这一点。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Companies are designing even more intrusive surveillance.  Some project that "
+"pervasive surveillance, hooked to companies such as Facebook, could have "
+"deep effects on <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/10/";
+"internet-of-things-predictable-people\">how people think</a>.  Such "
+"possibilities are imponderable; but the threat to democracy is not "
+"speculation.  It exists and is visible today."
+msgstr ""
+"公司正在设计更具侵略性的监控。有些项目充
斥着监控，以诸如Facebook等公司的形"
+"式，可能会对<a 
href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/10/";
+"internet-of-things-predictable-people\">人们如何思考</a>有深远的影响。这种可"
+"能性是很难估量的；但是它对民主的威胁却不是遐想。它存在而且现在就可以看得到。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Unless we believe that our free countries previously suffered from a grave "
+"surveillance deficit, and ought to be surveilled more than the Soviet Union "
+"and East Germany were, we must reverse this increase.  That requires "
+"stopping the accumulation of big data about people."
+msgstr ""
+"é™¤éžæˆ‘ä»¬ç¡®ä¿¡æˆ‘ä»¬çš„è‡ªç”±å›½å®¶è¿‡åŽ»ä¸¥é‡ç¼ºå¤±ç›‘æŽ§ï¼Œå› 
而应该进行超过苏联和东德所进行"
+"的监控，我们必
须逆转监控的增长。这就需要停止对人民的大数据收集。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<h3>译注</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">NSA，National Security Agency。美国国家安å…
¨å±€ã€‚</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote2\">virtual 
dossier，虚拟档案。是指非纸质的归档文件，通常会"
+"搜集关于个人的所有电子资料作为虚拟档案。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote3\">ACLU，American Civil Liberties Union。美国å…
¬æ°‘自由联"
+"ç›Ÿï¼Œæå«å’Œä¿æŠ¤ä¸ªäººæƒåˆ©å’Œè‡ªç”±çš„æ— å…
šæ´¾ã€éžç›ˆåˆ©ç»„织。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote4\">FISA，Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act，外国情
报监"
+"听法。美国FISA法庭处理政府相关的监听、搜查以及å…
¶ä»–调查活动的合法性事物。</"
+"li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote5\">AP，Associated Press。美联社。</li>\n"
+"<li 
id=\"TransNote6\">Tor，www.torproject.org。保护隐私的自由软件项目。</"
+"li>\n"
+"<li 
id=\"TransNote7\">PRISM，美国国安局的监控系统，它从美国许多电话å
…¬å¸èŽ·å–网"
+"络通讯数据。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote8\">DEA，美国稽毒局。</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote9\">Iron 
Curtain，铁幕。指二战结束（1945年）到冷战结束"
+"（1991年）期间，苏联和欧洲以及西方国家在意识形态和物理边界的对立和隔绝期。</"
+"li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU 
的一般性问题发送到<a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过 <a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他"
+"联系方法</a> 联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或å…
¶ä»–错误和建议，请发送邮"
+"件到<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">"
+"翻译须知</a>获取有关协调和提交翻译的相关事项。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 2015, 2016, 2017 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2015, 2016, 2017 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本页面使用<a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a>授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："