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www/philosophy words-to-avoid.de.html words-to-...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy words-to-avoid.de.html words-to-... |
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Date: |
Sat, 30 Sep 2017 00:29:30 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 17/09/30 00:29:30
Modified files:
philosophy : words-to-avoid.de.html words-to-avoid.it.html
words-to-avoid.pt-br.html
philosophy/po : words-to-avoid.de-diff.html
words-to-avoid.it-diff.html
words-to-avoid.pt-br-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.87&r2=1.88
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pt-br-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
Patches:
Index: words-to-avoid.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.87
retrieving revision 1.88
diff -u -b -r1.87 -r1.88
--- words-to-avoid.de.html 7 Apr 2017 12:00:20 -0000 1.87
+++ words-to-avoid.de.html 30 Sep 2017 04:29:29 -0000 1.88
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2017-08-01" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -10,6 +15,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Zu vermeidende Wörter<br />‑ (oder mit Sorgfalt zu
verwendende),
weil sie voreingenommen oder irreführend sind</h2>
@@ -1514,7 +1520,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2017/04/07 12:00:20 $
+$Date: 2017/09/30 04:29:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: words-to-avoid.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.91
retrieving revision 1.92
diff -u -b -r1.91 -r1.92
--- words-to-avoid.it.html 26 Mar 2017 19:00:33 -0000 1.91
+++ words-to-avoid.it.html 30 Sep 2017 04:29:29 -0000 1.92
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2017-08-01" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Termini da evitare (o usare con cura) perché imprecisi o fuorvianti</h2>
<p>
@@ -1293,7 +1299,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2017/03/26 19:00:33 $
+$Date: 2017/09/30 04:29:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: words-to-avoid.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- words-to-avoid.pt-br.html 1 Jun 2017 09:01:32 -0000 1.10
+++ words-to-avoid.pt-br.html 30 Sep 2017 04:29:29 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pt-br.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pt-br.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pt-br-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2017-08-01" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pt-br.html" -->
<h2>Palavras para Evitar (ou Usar com Cuidado) Porque São Carregadas de
Sentido
ou Confusas</h2>
@@ -1297,7 +1303,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2017/06/01 09:01:32 $
+$Date: 2017/09/30 04:29:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/words-to-avoid.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/words-to-avoid.de-diff.html 4 Oct 2016 06:01:02 -0000 1.2
+++ po/words-to-avoid.de-diff.html 30 Sep 2017 04:29:29 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.79</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
<title>Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or
Confusing
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.translist" -->
@@ -26,129 +26,123 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>Also note <a
href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>Software</a>
-and</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Software</a>,</em></ins></span>
+Software</a>,
<a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Why Call It The
Swindle?</a></p></blockquote>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
- <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Other Texts to Read</a>
-|<span class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p><span
class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-START
--></em></ins></span> “<a
+<p><span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-START
--> “<a
href="#Ad-blocker">Ad-blocker</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Access">Access</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Alternative">Alternative</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Assets">Assets</a>”
-|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#BSD-style">BSD-style</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Closed">Closed</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#CloudComputing">Cloud Computing</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Commercial">Commercial</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Compensation">Compensation</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Consume">Consume</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Consumer">Consumer</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Content">Content</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#CreativeCommonsLicensed">Creative Commons
licensed</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Creator">Creator</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#DigitalGoods">Digital Goods</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#DigitalLocks">Digital Locks</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#DigitalRightsManagement">Digital Rights
Management</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Ecosystem">Ecosystem</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#FLOSS">FLOSS</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#ForFree">For free</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#FOSS">FOSS</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#FreelyAvailable">Freely available</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Freeware">Freeware</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#GiveAwaySoftware">Give away software</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Google">Google</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Hacker">Hacker</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#IntellectualProperty">Intellectual property</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#LAMP">LAMP system</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Linux">Linux system</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Market">Market</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Monetize">Monetize</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#MP3Player">MP3 player</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Open">Open</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#PC">PC</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Photoshop">Photoshop</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Piracy">Piracy</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
+ <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="#Product">Product</a>”
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a</em></ins></span>
href="#Protection">Protection</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#RAND">RAND</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#SaaS">SaaS</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#SellSoftware">Sell software</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#SharingEconomy">Sharing economy</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Skype">Skype</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#SoftwareIndustry">Software Industry</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#SourceModel">Source model</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span><!--#if</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!--#if</em></ins></span> expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/" -->
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/" -->
<!-- TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
fill the translation with a space. -->
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>“<a</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY
-->“<a</em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->“<a
href="#Terminal">Terminal</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span><!--#endif</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-END-KEY --><!--#endif
- --><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM</em></ins></span> --> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--><!--#endif
+ --><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> “<a
href="#Theft">Theft</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#TrustedComputing">Trusted Computing</a>”
-|<span <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="gnun-split"></span></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="gnun-split"></span><!--
GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --></em></ins></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#Vendor">Vendor</a>”
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></p></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><span
class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-STOP --></p>
+<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-STOP
--></p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-START -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Ad-blocker">“Ad-blocker”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
When the purpose of some program is to block advertisements,
“ad-blocker” is a good term for it. However, the GNU
@@ -157,10 +151,10 @@
This is not an “ad-blocker,” this is
<em>surveillance protection</em>.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Access">“Access”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
It is a common misunderstanding to think free software means that the
public has “access” to a program. That is not what free
@@ -169,21 +163,19 @@
The <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">criterion for free
software</a>
is not about who has “access” to the program; the four
essential freedoms concern what a user that has a copy of the program
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>can</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>is allowed to</em></ins></span> do with it.
For instance, freedom 2 says that that user
+is allowed to do with it. For instance, freedom 2 says that that user
is free to make another copy and give or sell it to you. But no user
is <em>obligated</em> to do that for you; you do not have
a <em>right</em> to demand a copy of that program from any
user.</p>
<p>
In particular, if you write a program yourself and never offer a copy
-to anyone else, that program is free software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>(in</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>albeit in</em></ins></span> a trivial <span
class="removed"><del><strong>way)</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>way,</em></ins></span>
-because <span class="removed"><del><strong>you (the sole</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>every</em></ins></span> user that has <span
class="removed"><del><strong>it) have</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a copy has</em></ins></span> the four essential
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>freedoms.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>freedoms
-(since the only such user is you).</p></em></ins></span>
+to anyone else, that program is free software albeit in a trivial way,
+because every user that has a copy has the four essential freedoms
+(since the only such user is you).</p>
<p>
In practice, when many users have copies of a program, someone is sure
to post it on the internet, giving everyone access to it. We think
-people ought to do that, if the program is useful. But <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>that</em></ins></span> isn't a
+people ought to do that, if the program is useful. But that isn't a
requirement of free software.</p>
<p>
There is one specific point in which a question of having access is
@@ -193,10 +185,17 @@
applies to the special case in which the user already has a copy of
the program in non-source form.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote><p>Instead of
<b>with free software,
+the public has access to the program</b>,
+we say, <b>with free software, the users have the essential
+freedoms</b> and <b>with free software, the users have control
+of what the program does for them</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Alternative">“Alternative”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
We don't describe free software as an “alternative” to
proprietary, because that word presumes all the “alternatives” are
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@
software.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Assets">“Assets”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
@@ -225,9 +224,9 @@
they have no value to society except commercial value.</p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="BSD-style">“BSD-style”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The expression “BSD-style license” leads to confusion because it
<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">lumps together licenses that have
@@ -240,10 +239,10 @@
name <a href="/licenses/license-list.html"> the specific license in
question</a> and avoid the vague term “BSD-style.”</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Closed">“Closed”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Describing nonfree software as “closed” clearly refers to
the term “open source.” In the free software movement,
@@ -255,13 +254,14 @@
<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">
“proprietary”</a>.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="CloudComputing">“Cloud Computing”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
-<p>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p id="Cloud"></em></ins></span>
The term “cloud computing” (or
-just <a name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>, in the context of
+just <span class="removed"><del><strong><a
name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“cloud”,</em></ins></span> in the context
of
computing) is a marketing buzzword with no coherent meaning. It is
used for a range of different activities whose only common
characteristic is that they use the Internet for something beyond
@@ -330,10 +330,10 @@
developer, he isn't motivated by the same ideals as we are.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Commercial">“Commercial”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please don't use “commercial” as a synonym for
“nonfree.” That confuses two entirely different
@@ -360,10 +360,10 @@
to use the word “commercial” in that way.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Compensation">“Compensation”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
To speak of “compensation for authors” in connection with
copyright carries the assumptions that (1) copyright exists for the
@@ -380,10 +380,10 @@
same publishing companies that are pushing unjust laws on us.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Consume">“Consume”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
“Consume” refers to what we do with food: we ingest it,
after which the food as such no longer exists. By analogy, we employ
@@ -392,15 +392,28 @@
stretch. Applying it to published works (programs, recordings on a
disk or in a file, books on paper or in a file), whose nature is to
last indefinitely and which can be run, played or read any number of
-times, is simply an error. Playing a recording, or running a program,
-does not consume it.</p>
+times, is stretching the word so far that it snaps. Playing a
+recording, or running a program, does not consume it.</p>
<p>
-The term “consume” is associated with the economics of
-uncopyable material products, and leads people to transfer its
-conclusions unconsciously to copiable digital works — an error
-that proprietary software developers (and other publishers) dearly
-wish to encourage. Their twisted viewpoint comes through clearly
+Those who use “consume” in this context will say they
+don't mean it literally. What, then, does it mean? It means to regard
+copies of software and other works from a narrow economistic point of
+view. “Consume” is associated with the economics of
+material commodities, such as the fuel or electricity that a car uses
+up. Gasoline is a commodity, and so is electricity. Commodities
+are <em>fungible</em>: there is nothing special about a drop of
+gasoline that your car burns today versus another drop that it burned
+last week.</p>
+
+<p>Do we want people to think of writings (software, news, any other
+kind) as a commodity, with the assumption that there is nothing
+special about any one story, article, program, or song? Should we
+treat them as fungible? That is the twisted viewpoint of an
+economist, or the accountant of a publishing company. It is no
+surprise that proprietary software would like you to think of the use
+of software as a commodity. Their twisted viewpoint comes through
+clearly
in <a
href="http://www.businessinsider.com/former-google-exec-launches-sourcepoint-with-10-million-series-a-funding-2015-6">this
article</a>, which also refers to publications as
“<a href="#Content">content</a>.”</p>
@@ -415,32 +428,38 @@
<p>
It also encourages the acceptation of “streaming”
-services, which use DRM to limit use of digital recordings to a
-form that fits the word “consume.”</p>
+services, which use DRM to perversely limit listening to music so that
+it fits the assumptions of the word “consume.”</p>
<p>
Why is this perverse usage spreading? Some may feel that the term
-sounds sophisticated; if that attracts you, rejecting it with cogent
-reasons can appear even more sophisticated. Others may be acting from
-business interests (their own, or their employers'). Their use
-of the term in prestigious forums gives the impression that it's the
+sounds sophisticated, but rejecting it with cogent reasons can appear
+even more sophisticated. Others may be acting from business interests
+(their own, or their employers'). Their use of the term in
+prestigious forums gives the impression that it's the
“correct” term.</p>
<p>
To speak of “consuming” music, fiction, or any other
artistic works is to treat them as products rather than as art. If
-you don't want to spread that attitude, you would do well to reject
-using the term “consume” for them. We recommend saying
-that someone “experiences” an artistic work or a work
-stating a point of view, and that someone “uses” a
-practical work.</p>
+you don't want to spread that attitude, you would do well to avoid
+using the term “consume” for them. What to use instead?
+We prefer specific verbs such as “listen to”,
+“watch”, “read” or “look at”,
+since they help to restrain the tendency to overgeneralize.</p>
+
+<p>When it is absolutely necessary to generalize about all kinds of
+works and all media, we recommend “experience” or
+“give attention to” for an artistic work or a work to
+present a point of view, and “use” for a practically
+useful work.</p>
<p>See also the following entry.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Consumer">“Consumer”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “consumer,” when used to refer to the users of
computing, is loaded with assumptions we should reject. Some come
@@ -465,10 +484,10 @@
been <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-williams">noted
before</a>.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Content">“Content”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all
means say you are “content,” but using the word as a
@@ -483,8 +502,7 @@
that push for increased copyright power in the name of the authors
(“creators,” as they say) of the works. The term
“content” reveals their real attitude towards these works
-and their authors.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>(See</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>This was also recognized by Tom Chatfield
+and their authors. This was also recognized by Tom Chatfield
<a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/aug/02/how-to-deal-with-trump-trolls-online">in
the Guardian</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>
@@ -495,11 +513,11 @@
mill.
</p></blockquote>
-<p>See also</em></ins></span> <a
href="http://www.salon.com/2000/06/14/love_7/">Courtney
+<p>See also <a
href="http://www.salon.com/2000/06/14/love_7/">Courtney
Love's open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for “content
provider” in that page. Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term
“intellectual property” is
-also <a href="#IntellectualProperty"> biased and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>confusing</a>.)</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>confusing</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+also <a href="#IntellectualProperty"> biased and
confusing</a>.</p>
<p>
However, as long as other people use the term “content
provider,” political dissidents can well call themselves
@@ -517,10 +535,10 @@
on a web site. For that, we recommend the term “web site revision
system” (WRS).</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="CreativeCommonsLicensed">“Creative Commons
licensed”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The most important licensing characteristic of a work is whether it is
free. Creative Commons publishes seven licenses; three are free
@@ -539,10 +557,10 @@
statement.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Creator">“Creator”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “creator” as applied to authors implicitly
compares them to a deity (“the creator”). The term is
@@ -554,10 +572,10 @@
terms are not equivalent: often the copyright holder is not the
author.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="DigitalGoods">“Digital Goods”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “digital goods,” as applied to copies of works of
authorship, identifies them with physical goods—which cannot be
@@ -567,10 +585,10 @@
physical goods. It also frames issues in terms of economics, whose
shallow and limited values don't include freedom and community.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="DigitalLocks">“Digital Locks”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
“Digital locks” is used to refer to Digital Restrictions
Management by some who criticize it. The problem with this term is
@@ -597,10 +615,10 @@
substance; however, when we state our support, we conspicuously
replace the term with “digital handcuffs” and say why.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="DigitalRightsManagement">“Digital Rights
Management”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
“Digital Rights Management” (abbreviated
“DRM”) refers to technical mechanisms designed to impose
@@ -616,10 +634,10 @@
Please sign up to support our <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/">
campaign to abolish DRM</a>.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Ecosystem">“Ecosystem”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
It is inadvisable to describe the free software community, or any human
community, as an “ecosystem,” because that word implies
@@ -645,10 +663,10 @@
freedom.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="FLOSS">“FLOSS”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “FLOSS,” meaning “Free/Libre and Open
Source Software,” was coined as a way
@@ -657,10 +675,10 @@
“FLOSS” is the best way to be neutral. But if you want to
show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="ForFree">“For free”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
If you want to say that a program is free software, please don't say
that it is available “for free.” That term specifically
@@ -676,10 +694,10 @@
To avoid confusion, you can say that the program is available
“as free software.”</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="FOSS">“FOSS”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “FOSS,” meaning “Free and Open Source
Software,” was coined as a way
@@ -688,10 +706,14 @@
neutrality is your goal, “FLOSS” is better. But if you
want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote><p>Instead of
<b>FOSS</b>,
+we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre)
software</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="FreelyAvailable">“Freely available”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Don't use “freely available software” as a synonym for “free
software.” The terms are not equivalent. Software is “freely
@@ -700,10 +722,10 @@
a copy of it. These are answers to different questions.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Freeware">“Freeware”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please don't use the term “freeware” as a synonym for
“free software.” The term “freeware” was used
@@ -726,10 +748,10 @@
it says, they will really understand what the issue is.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="GiveAwaySoftware">“Give away software”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
It's misleading to use the term “give away” to mean
“distribute a program as free software.”
@@ -738,23 +760,24 @@
freedom. One way to avoid the confusion is to say “release as
free software.”</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Google">“Google”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please avoid using the term “google” as a verb, meaning to
search for something on the internet. “Google” is just the
name of one particular search engine among others. We suggest to use
the term “search the web” or (in some contexts) just
“search”. Try to use a search engine that respects your
-privacy; <a href="https://duckduckgo.com/">DuckDuckGo</a> claims
not
-to track its users, although we cannot confirm.</p>
+privacy; for instance, <a
href="https://duckduckgo.com/">DuckDuckGo</a>
+claims not to track its users. (There is no way for outsiders to
+verify claims of that kind.)</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Hacker">“Hacker”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
A hacker is someone
who <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html"> enjoys
@@ -769,10 +792,10 @@
Please don't spread this mistake.
People who break security are “crackers.”</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="IntellectualProperty">“Intellectual
property”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as
“intellectual property”—a term also applied to
@@ -801,10 +824,10 @@
starting to make the World “Intellectual Property”
Organization embarrassed</a>.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="LAMP">“LAMP system”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
“LAMP” stands for “Linux, Apache, MySQL and
PHP”—a common combination of software to use on a web
@@ -814,10 +837,10 @@
PHP.”
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Linux">“Linux system”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting
in 1991. The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU
@@ -828,10 +851,10 @@
kernel alone.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Market">“Market”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the
software users in general, as a “market.”</p>
@@ -849,10 +872,10 @@
efforts for mere success is to deny the importance of freedom
and legitimize proprietary software.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Monetize">“Monetize”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The proper definition of “monetize” is “to use
something as currency.” For instance, human societies have
@@ -871,24 +894,38 @@
subordinates all else to profit, it is not likely to remain
ethical.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="MP3Player">“MP3 Player”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- The MP3 patents will reportedly expire
by 2018. --></em></ins></span>
+
In the late 1990s it became feasible to make portable, solid-state
-digital audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not
-all. Some support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC,
-and may not even support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid
-these patents. To call such players “MP3 players” is not
-only confusing, it also privileges the MP3 that we ought to reject.
-We suggest the terms “digital audio player,”
-or simply “audio player” if context permits.</p>
+digital audio players. Most <span
class="removed"><del><strong>support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>players supported</em></ins></span> the patented MP3
codec, <span class="removed"><del><strong>but not
+all.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>and that is still the case.</em></ins></span>
Some <span class="removed"><del><strong>support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>players also supported</em></ins></span> the
+patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>may not even support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a few couldn't play</em></ins></span>
+MP3-encoded files at <span class="removed"><del><strong>all,
precisely</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>all because
their developers needed</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>avoid
+these patents. To call such players</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>protect
+themselves from the patents on MP3 format.</p>
+
+<p>Using the term</em></ins></span> “MP3 players” <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is not
+only confusing, it also privileges</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>for audio players in
+general has the effect of promoting</em></ins></span> the MP3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>that we ought</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>format and discouraging
+the other formats (some of which are technically superior as well).
+Even though the MP3 patents have expired, it is still
undesirable</em></ins></span> to <span class="removed"><del><strong>reject.
+We</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>do that.</p>
+
+<p>We</em></ins></span> suggest the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>terms</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>term</em></ins></span> “digital audio
player,” or simply
+“audio player” <span class="removed"><del><strong>if context
permits.</p></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>when
that's clear enough, instead of
+“MP3 player.”</p></em></ins></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Open">“Open”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please avoid using the term “open” or “open
source” as a substitute for “free software.” Those terms
@@ -903,10 +940,15 @@
software, or our views—that leads people to suppose our views
are similar to theirs.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote>
+<p>Instead of <b>open source</b>,
+we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre)
software</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="PC">“PC”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
It's OK to use the abbreviation “PC” to refer to a certain
kind of computer hardware, but please don't use it with the
@@ -917,10 +959,10 @@
The term “WC” has been suggested for a computer running
Windows.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Photoshop">“Photoshop”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please avoid using the term “photoshop” as a verb, meaning
any kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general. Photoshop
@@ -928,10 +970,10 @@
be avoided since it is proprietary. There are plenty of free programs
for editing images, such as the <a
href="/software/gimp">GIMP</a>.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Piracy">“Piracy”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Publishers often refer to copying they don't approve of as
“piracy.” In this way, they imply that it is ethically
@@ -956,22 +998,38 @@
<a
href="http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/">“piracy”
and “theft” are smear words.</a></p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="PowerPoint">“PowerPoint”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please avoid using the term “PowerPoint” to mean any kind
of slide presentation. “PowerPoint” is just the name of
one particular proprietary program to make presentations. For your
freedom's sake, you should use only free software to make your
-presentations. Recommended options include TeX's <tt>beamer</tt>
-class and LibreOffice.org's Impress.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>presentations.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>presentations—which means, <em>not
PowerPoint</em>.</em></ins></span> Recommended
+options include TeX's <tt>beamer</tt> class and LibreOffice.org's
+Impress.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
-<h3 id="Protection">“Protection”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
+<h3 <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="Product">“Product”</h3>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
+<p>
+If you're talking about a product, by all means call it that.
+However, when referring to a service, please do not call it a
+“product.” If a service provider calls the service a
+“product,” please firmly insist on calling it a
+“service.” If a service provider calls a package deal a
+“product,” please firmly insist on calling it a
+“deal.”
+</p>
+
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
+<h3</em></ins></span> id="Protection">“Protection”</h3>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Publishers' lawyers love to use the term “protection” to
describe copyright. This word carries the implication of preventing
@@ -1002,10 +1060,10 @@
<a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org"> Defective by Design</a>
campaign.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="RAND">“RAND (Reasonable and
Non-Discriminatory)”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Standards bodies that promulgate patent-restricted standards that
prohibit free software typically have a policy of obtaining patent
@@ -1032,10 +1090,10 @@
“UFO” for short, as a replacement. It is accurate because
the only condition in these licenses is a uniform royalty fee.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="SaaS">“SaaS” or “Software as a
Service”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
We used to say that SaaS (short for “Software as a
Service”) is an injustice, but then we found that there was a
@@ -1054,10 +1112,10 @@
vicio” (“software, as being pernicious”) is too good
to give up.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="SellSoftware">“Sell software”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “sell software” is ambiguous. Strictly speaking,
exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money
@@ -1072,10 +1130,10 @@
See <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a>
for
further discussion of this issue.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="SharingEconomy">“Sharing economy”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “sharing economy” is not a good way to refer to
services such as Uber and Airbnb that arrange business transactions
@@ -1088,10 +1146,10 @@
A more suitable term for businesses like Uber is the
“piecework service economy.”</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Skype">“Skype”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please avoid using the term “skype” as a verb, meaning any
kind of video communication or telephony over the Internet in general.
@@ -1103,10 +1161,10 @@
one of the <a
href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:Skype_Replacement">
numerous free Skype replacements</a>.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="SoftwareIndustry">“Software Industry”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The term “software industry” encourages people to imagine
that software is always developed by a sort of factory and then
@@ -1125,10 +1183,10 @@
define “industry” as “automated production of
material goods.”</a></p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="SourceModel">“Source model”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Wikipedia uses the term “source model” in a confused and
ambiguous way. Ostensibly it refers to how a program's source is
@@ -1141,15 +1199,15 @@
opportunity to say “open source” in pages describing free
software programs.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/" -->
<!-- TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
fill the translation with a space. -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Terminal">“Terminal”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>Mobile phones and tablets are computers, and people should be
able to do their computing on them using free software.
@@ -1157,10 +1215,10 @@
is to connect to servers, which is a bad way to do your own
computing.</p>
<!--#endif -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Theft">“Theft”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
The supporters of a too-strict, repressive form of copyright often use
words like “stolen” and “theft” to refer to
@@ -1168,9 +1226,9 @@
it for objective truth.</p>
<p>
Under the US legal system, copyright infringement is not theft.
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
-href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=473&invol=207"></em></ins></span>
-Laws about theft are not applicable to copyright <span
class="removed"><del><strong>infringement.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>infringement.</a></em></ins></span>
+<a
+href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=473&invol=207">
+Laws about theft are not applicable to copyright infringement.</a>
The supporters of repressive copyright are making an appeal to
authority—and misrepresenting what authority says.</p>
<p>
@@ -1192,10 +1250,10 @@
<a
href="http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/">“piracy”
and “theft” are smear-words.</a></p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="TrustedComputing">“Trusted Computing”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“Trusted
computing”</a> is
the proponents' name for a scheme to redesign computers so that
@@ -1204,10 +1262,10 @@
point of view, it is “treacherous.”
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
-<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Vendor">“Vendor”</h3>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Please don't use the term “vendor” to refer generally to
anyone that develops or packages software. Many programs
@@ -1218,14 +1276,7 @@
Likewise, only some of the packagers of GNU/Linux distributions are
vendors. We recommend the general term “supplier” instead.
</p>
-
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>Also note <a
href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free
-Software</a>
-and <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Why Call It The
-Swindle?</a></p></blockquote>
-</div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- GNUN-SORT-STOP --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-STOP -->
<hr />
<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
@@ -1281,7 +1332,7 @@
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007,
-2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -1291,7 +1342,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/10/04 06:01:02 $
+$Date: 2017/09/30 04:29:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/words-to-avoid.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/words-to-avoid.it-diff.html 25 Feb 2017 18:29:24 -0000 1.1
+++ po/words-to-avoid.it-diff.html 30 Sep 2017 04:29:29 -0000 1.2
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@
|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>”
|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
+ <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="#Product">Product</a>”
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a</em></ins></span>
href="#Protection">Protection</a>”
|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#RAND">RAND</a>”
@@ -183,6 +185,13 @@
applies to the special case in which the user already has a copy of
the program in non-source form.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote><p>Instead of
<b>with free software,
+the public has access to the program</b>,
+we say, <b>with free software, the users have the essential
+freedoms</b> and <b>with free software, the users have control
+of what the program does for them</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Alternative">“Alternative”</h3>
@@ -249,9 +258,10 @@
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="CloudComputing">“Cloud Computing”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p id="Cloud"></em></ins></span>
The term “cloud computing” (or
-just <a name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>, in the context of
+just <span class="removed"><del><strong><a
name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“cloud”,</em></ins></span> in the context
of
computing) is a marketing buzzword with no coherent meaning. It is
used for a range of different activities whose only common
characteristic is that they use the Internet for something beyond
@@ -382,31 +392,27 @@
stretch. Applying it to published works (programs, recordings on a
disk or in a file, books on paper or in a file), whose nature is to
last indefinitely and which can be run, played or read any number of
-times, is <span class="removed"><del><strong>simply an
error.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>stretching the
word so far that it snaps.</em></ins></span> Playing a
+times, is stretching the word so far that it snaps. Playing a
recording, or running a program, does not consume it.</p>
<p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>The term</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Those who use</em></ins></span>
“consume” <span class="inserted"><ins><em>in this context will say
they
+Those who use “consume” in this context will say they
don't mean it literally. What, then, does it mean? It means to regard
copies of software and other works from a narrow economistic point of
-view. “Consume”</em></ins></span> is associated with the
economics of
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>uncopyable</strong></del></span>
-material <span class="removed"><del><strong>products,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>commodities, such as the fuel or electricity
that a car uses
-up. Gasoline is a commodity,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>leads</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>so is electricity. Commodities
+view. “Consume” is associated with the economics of
+material commodities, such as the fuel or electricity that a car uses
+up. Gasoline is a commodity, and so is electricity. Commodities
are <em>fungible</em>: there is nothing special about a drop of
gasoline that your car burns today versus another drop that it burned
last week.</p>
-<p>Do we want</em></ins></span> people to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>transfer its
-conclusions unconsciously to copiable digital works
—</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>think of writings
(software, news, any other
+<p>Do we want people to think of writings (software, news, any other
kind) as a commodity, with the assumption that there is nothing
special about any one story, article, program, or song? Should we
-treat them as fungible? That is the twisted viewpoint of</em></ins></span> an
<span class="removed"><del><strong>error</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>economist, or the accountant of a publishing
company. It is no
-surprise</em></ins></span> that proprietary software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>developers (and other publishers) dearly
-wish</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>would like
you</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>encourage.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>think of the use
-of software as a commodity.</em></ins></span> Their twisted viewpoint comes
through
+treat them as fungible? That is the twisted viewpoint of an
+economist, or the accountant of a publishing company. It is no
+surprise that proprietary software would like you to think of the use
+of software as a commodity. Their twisted viewpoint comes through
clearly
in <a
href="http://www.businessinsider.com/former-google-exec-launches-sourcepoint-with-10-million-series-a-funding-2015-6">this
article</a>, which also refers to publications as
@@ -422,13 +428,12 @@
<p>
It also encourages the acceptation of “streaming”
-services, which use DRM to <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>perversely</em></ins></span> limit <span
class="removed"><del><strong>use of digital recordings</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>listening</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>a
-form</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>music
so</em></ins></span> that
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>it</em></ins></span> fits the <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>assumptions of the</em></ins></span> word
“consume.”</p>
+services, which use DRM to perversely limit listening to music so that
+it fits the assumptions of the word “consume.”</p>
<p>
Why is this perverse usage spreading? Some may feel that the term
-sounds <span class="removed"><del><strong>sophisticated; if that attracts
you,</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>sophisticated,
but</em></ins></span> rejecting it with cogent reasons can appear
+sounds sophisticated, but rejecting it with cogent reasons can appear
even more sophisticated. Others may be acting from business interests
(their own, or their employers'). Their use of the term in
prestigious forums gives the impression that it's the
@@ -437,20 +442,17 @@
<p>
To speak of “consuming” music, fiction, or any other
artistic works is to treat them as products rather than as art. If
-you don't want to spread that attitude, you would do well to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>reject</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>avoid</em></ins></span>
-using the term “consume” for them. <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>What to use instead?</em></ins></span>
-We <span class="inserted"><ins><em>prefer specific verbs such as “listen
to”,
+you don't want to spread that attitude, you would do well to avoid
+using the term “consume” for them. What to use instead?
+We prefer specific verbs such as “listen to”,
“watch”, “read” or “look at”,
since they help to restrain the tendency to overgeneralize.</p>
<p>When it is absolutely necessary to generalize about all kinds of
-works and all media, we</em></ins></span> recommend <span
class="removed"><del><strong>saying
-that someone “experiences”</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“experience” or
-“give attention to” for</em></ins></span> an artistic work or a
work
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>stating</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>to
-present</em></ins></span> a point of view, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>that someone
“uses”</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“use” for</em></ins></span> a
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>practical</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>practically
-useful</em></ins></span> work.</p>
+works and all media, we recommend “experience” or
+“give attention to” for an artistic work or a work to
+present a point of view, and “use” for a practically
+useful work.</p>
<p>See also the following entry.</p>
@@ -704,6 +706,10 @@
neutrality is your goal, “FLOSS” is better. But if you
want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote><p>Instead of
<b>FOSS</b>,
+we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre)
software</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="FreelyAvailable">“Freely available”</h3>
@@ -764,8 +770,9 @@
name of one particular search engine among others. We suggest to use
the term “search the web” or (in some contexts) just
“search”. Try to use a search engine that respects your
-privacy; <a href="https://duckduckgo.com/">DuckDuckGo</a> claims
not
-to track its users, although we cannot confirm.</p>
+privacy; for instance, <a
href="https://duckduckgo.com/">DuckDuckGo</a>
+claims not to track its users. (There is no way for outsiders to
+verify claims of that kind.)</p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
@@ -892,14 +899,28 @@
<h3 id="MP3Player">“MP3 Player”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- The MP3 patents will reportedly expire
by 2018. --></em></ins></span>
+
In the late 1990s it became feasible to make portable, solid-state
-digital audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not
-all. Some support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC,
-and may not even support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid
-these patents. To call such players “MP3 players” is not
-only confusing, it also privileges the MP3 that we ought to reject.
-We suggest the terms “digital audio player,”
-or simply “audio player” if context permits.</p>
+digital audio players. Most <span
class="removed"><del><strong>support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>players supported</em></ins></span> the patented MP3
codec, <span class="removed"><del><strong>but not
+all.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>and that is still the case.</em></ins></span>
Some <span class="removed"><del><strong>support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>players also supported</em></ins></span> the
+patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>may not even support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a few couldn't play</em></ins></span>
+MP3-encoded files at <span class="removed"><del><strong>all,
precisely</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>all because
their developers needed</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>avoid
+these patents. To call such players</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>protect
+themselves from the patents on MP3 format.</p>
+
+<p>Using the term</em></ins></span> “MP3 players” <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is not
+only confusing, it also privileges</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>for audio players in
+general has the effect of promoting</em></ins></span> the MP3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>that we ought</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>format and discouraging
+the other formats (some of which are technically superior as well).
+Even though the MP3 patents have expired, it is still
undesirable</em></ins></span> to <span class="removed"><del><strong>reject.
+We</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>do that.</p>
+
+<p>We</em></ins></span> suggest the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>terms</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>term</em></ins></span> “digital audio
player,” or simply
+“audio player” <span class="removed"><del><strong>if context
permits.</p></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>when
that's clear enough, instead of
+“MP3 player.”</p></em></ins></span>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
@@ -919,6 +940,11 @@
software, or our views—that leads people to suppose our views
are similar to theirs.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote>
+<p>Instead of <b>open source</b>,
+we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre)
software</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="PC">“PC”</h3>
@@ -981,12 +1007,28 @@
of slide presentation. “PowerPoint” is just the name of
one particular proprietary program to make presentations. For your
freedom's sake, you should use only free software to make your
-presentations. Recommended options include TeX's <tt>beamer</tt>
-class and LibreOffice.org's Impress.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>presentations.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>presentations—which means, <em>not
PowerPoint</em>.</em></ins></span> Recommended
+options include TeX's <tt>beamer</tt> class and LibreOffice.org's
+Impress.</p>
+
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
+<h3 <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="Product">“Product”</h3>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
+<p>
+If you're talking about a product, by all means call it that.
+However, when referring to a service, please do not call it a
+“product.” If a service provider calls the service a
+“product,” please firmly insist on calling it a
+“service.” If a service provider calls a package deal a
+“product,” please firmly insist on calling it a
+“deal.”
+</p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
-<h3 id="Protection">“Protection”</h3>
+<h3</em></ins></span> id="Protection">“Protection”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Publishers' lawyers love to use the term “protection” to
@@ -1290,7 +1332,7 @@
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007,
-2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -1300,7 +1342,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/02/25 18:29:24 $
+$Date: 2017/09/30 04:29:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/words-to-avoid.pt-br-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.pt-br-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/words-to-avoid.pt-br-diff.html 20 Mar 2017 16:01:35 -0000 1.2
+++ po/words-to-avoid.pt-br-diff.html 30 Sep 2017 04:29:29 -0000 1.3
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@
|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>”
|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
+ <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="#Product">Product</a>”
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a</em></ins></span>
href="#Protection">Protection</a>”
|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
--> “<a
href="#RAND">RAND</a>”
@@ -183,6 +185,13 @@
applies to the special case in which the user already has a copy of
the program in non-source form.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote><p>Instead of
<b>with free software,
+the public has access to the program</b>,
+we say, <b>with free software, the users have the essential
+freedoms</b> and <b>with free software, the users have control
+of what the program does for them</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="Alternative">“Alternative”</h3>
@@ -249,9 +258,10 @@
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="CloudComputing">“Cloud Computing”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p id="Cloud"></em></ins></span>
The term “cloud computing” (or
-just <a name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>, in the context of
+just <span class="removed"><del><strong><a
name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“cloud”,</em></ins></span> in the context
of
computing) is a marketing buzzword with no coherent meaning. It is
used for a range of different activities whose only common
characteristic is that they use the Internet for something beyond
@@ -382,31 +392,27 @@
stretch. Applying it to published works (programs, recordings on a
disk or in a file, books on paper or in a file), whose nature is to
last indefinitely and which can be run, played or read any number of
-times, is <span class="removed"><del><strong>simply an
error.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>stretching the
word so far that it snaps.</em></ins></span> Playing a
+times, is stretching the word so far that it snaps. Playing a
recording, or running a program, does not consume it.</p>
<p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>The term</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Those who use</em></ins></span>
“consume” <span class="inserted"><ins><em>in this context will say
they
+Those who use “consume” in this context will say they
don't mean it literally. What, then, does it mean? It means to regard
copies of software and other works from a narrow economistic point of
-view. “Consume”</em></ins></span> is associated with the
economics of
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>uncopyable</strong></del></span>
-material <span class="removed"><del><strong>products,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>commodities, such as the fuel or electricity
that a car uses
-up. Gasoline is a commodity,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>leads</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>so is electricity. Commodities
+view. “Consume” is associated with the economics of
+material commodities, such as the fuel or electricity that a car uses
+up. Gasoline is a commodity, and so is electricity. Commodities
are <em>fungible</em>: there is nothing special about a drop of
gasoline that your car burns today versus another drop that it burned
last week.</p>
-<p>Do we want</em></ins></span> people to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>transfer its
-conclusions unconsciously to copiable digital works
—</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>think of writings
(software, news, any other
+<p>Do we want people to think of writings (software, news, any other
kind) as a commodity, with the assumption that there is nothing
special about any one story, article, program, or song? Should we
-treat them as fungible? That is the twisted viewpoint of</em></ins></span> an
<span class="removed"><del><strong>error</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>economist, or the accountant of a publishing
company. It is no
-surprise</em></ins></span> that proprietary software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>developers (and other publishers) dearly
-wish</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>would like
you</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>encourage.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>think of the use
-of software as a commodity.</em></ins></span> Their twisted viewpoint comes
through
+treat them as fungible? That is the twisted viewpoint of an
+economist, or the accountant of a publishing company. It is no
+surprise that proprietary software would like you to think of the use
+of software as a commodity. Their twisted viewpoint comes through
clearly
in <a
href="http://www.businessinsider.com/former-google-exec-launches-sourcepoint-with-10-million-series-a-funding-2015-6">this
article</a>, which also refers to publications as
@@ -422,13 +428,12 @@
<p>
It also encourages the acceptation of “streaming”
-services, which use DRM to <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>perversely</em></ins></span> limit <span
class="removed"><del><strong>use of digital recordings</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>listening</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>a
-form</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>music
so</em></ins></span> that
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>it</em></ins></span> fits the <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>assumptions of the</em></ins></span> word
“consume.”</p>
+services, which use DRM to perversely limit listening to music so that
+it fits the assumptions of the word “consume.”</p>
<p>
Why is this perverse usage spreading? Some may feel that the term
-sounds <span class="removed"><del><strong>sophisticated; if that attracts
you,</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>sophisticated,
but</em></ins></span> rejecting it with cogent reasons can appear
+sounds sophisticated, but rejecting it with cogent reasons can appear
even more sophisticated. Others may be acting from business interests
(their own, or their employers'). Their use of the term in
prestigious forums gives the impression that it's the
@@ -437,20 +442,17 @@
<p>
To speak of “consuming” music, fiction, or any other
artistic works is to treat them as products rather than as art. If
-you don't want to spread that attitude, you would do well to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>reject</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>avoid</em></ins></span>
-using the term “consume” for them. <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>What to use instead?</em></ins></span>
-We <span class="inserted"><ins><em>prefer specific verbs such as “listen
to”,
+you don't want to spread that attitude, you would do well to avoid
+using the term “consume” for them. What to use instead?
+We prefer specific verbs such as “listen to”,
“watch”, “read” or “look at”,
since they help to restrain the tendency to overgeneralize.</p>
<p>When it is absolutely necessary to generalize about all kinds of
-works and all media, we</em></ins></span> recommend <span
class="removed"><del><strong>saying
-that someone “experiences”</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“experience” or
-“give attention to” for</em></ins></span> an artistic work or a
work
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>stating</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>to
-present</em></ins></span> a point of view, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>that someone
“uses”</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“use” for</em></ins></span> a
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>practical</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>practically
-useful</em></ins></span> work.</p>
+works and all media, we recommend “experience” or
+“give attention to” for an artistic work or a work to
+present a point of view, and “use” for a practically
+useful work.</p>
<p>See also the following entry.</p>
@@ -704,6 +706,10 @@
neutrality is your goal, “FLOSS” is better. But if you
want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote><p>Instead of
<b>FOSS</b>,
+we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre)
software</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="FreelyAvailable">“Freely available”</h3>
@@ -764,9 +770,9 @@
name of one particular search engine among others. We suggest to use
the term “search the web” or (in some contexts) just
“search”. Try to use a search engine that respects your
-privacy; <span class="inserted"><ins><em>for instance,</em></ins></span> <a
href="https://duckduckgo.com/">DuckDuckGo</a>
-claims not to track its <span class="removed"><del><strong>users, although we
cannot confirm.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>users. (There is no way for outsiders to
-verify claims of that kind.)</p></em></ins></span>
+privacy; for instance, <a
href="https://duckduckgo.com/">DuckDuckGo</a>
+claims not to track its users. (There is no way for outsiders to
+verify claims of that kind.)</p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
@@ -893,14 +899,28 @@
<h3 id="MP3Player">“MP3 Player”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- The MP3 patents will reportedly expire
by 2018. --></em></ins></span>
+
In the late 1990s it became feasible to make portable, solid-state
-digital audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not
-all. Some support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC,
-and may not even support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid
-these patents. To call such players “MP3 players” is not
-only confusing, it also privileges the MP3 that we ought to reject.
-We suggest the terms “digital audio player,”
-or simply “audio player” if context permits.</p>
+digital audio players. Most <span
class="removed"><del><strong>support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>players supported</em></ins></span> the patented MP3
codec, <span class="removed"><del><strong>but not
+all.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>and that is still the case.</em></ins></span>
Some <span class="removed"><del><strong>support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>players also supported</em></ins></span> the
+patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>may not even support</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a few couldn't play</em></ins></span>
+MP3-encoded files at <span class="removed"><del><strong>all,
precisely</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>all because
their developers needed</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>avoid
+these patents. To call such players</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>protect
+themselves from the patents on MP3 format.</p>
+
+<p>Using the term</em></ins></span> “MP3 players” <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is not
+only confusing, it also privileges</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>for audio players in
+general has the effect of promoting</em></ins></span> the MP3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>that we ought</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>format and discouraging
+the other formats (some of which are technically superior as well).
+Even though the MP3 patents have expired, it is still
undesirable</em></ins></span> to <span class="removed"><del><strong>reject.
+We</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>do that.</p>
+
+<p>We</em></ins></span> suggest the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>terms</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>term</em></ins></span> “digital audio
player,” or simply
+“audio player” <span class="removed"><del><strong>if context
permits.</p></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>when
that's clear enough, instead of
+“MP3 player.”</p></em></ins></span>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
@@ -920,6 +940,11 @@
software, or our views—that leads people to suppose our views
are similar to theirs.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote>
+<p>Instead of <b>open source</b>,
+we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre)
software</b>.</p>
+</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
<h3 id="PC">“PC”</h3>
@@ -982,12 +1007,28 @@
of slide presentation. “PowerPoint” is just the name of
one particular proprietary program to make presentations. For your
freedom's sake, you should use only free software to make your
-presentations. Recommended options include TeX's <tt>beamer</tt>
-class and LibreOffice.org's Impress.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>presentations.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>presentations—which means, <em>not
PowerPoint</em>.</em></ins></span> Recommended
+options include TeX's <tt>beamer</tt> class and LibreOffice.org's
+Impress.</p>
+
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
+<h3 <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="Product">“Product”</h3>
+<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
+<p>
+If you're talking about a product, by all means call it that.
+However, when referring to a service, please do not call it a
+“product.” If a service provider calls the service a
+“product,” please firmly insist on calling it a
+“service.” If a service provider calls a package deal a
+“product,” please firmly insist on calling it a
+“deal.”
+</p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM -->
<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY -->
-<h3 id="Protection">“Protection”</h3>
+<h3</em></ins></span> id="Protection">“Protection”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
Publishers' lawyers love to use the term “protection” to
@@ -1291,7 +1332,7 @@
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007,
-2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2017</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -1301,7 +1342,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/03/20 16:01:35 $
+$Date: 2017/09/30 04:29:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
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