www/philosophy po/categories.translist po/categ...

[GNUN]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     17/08/21 04:01:47

Modified files:
        philosophy/po  : categories.translist categories.zh-tw.po 
Added files:
        philosophy     : categories.zh-tw.html 
        philosophy/po  : categories.zh-tw-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/categories.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.zh-tw-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: po/categories.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/categories.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- po/categories.translist     12 Apr 2016 15:42:10 -0000      1.12
+++ po/categories.translist     21 Aug 2017 08:01:47 -0000      1.13
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="sr" hreflang="sr" 
href="/philosophy/categories.sr.html">српски</a>&nbsp;[sr]</span> &nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ta" hreflang="ta" 
href="/philosophy/categories.ta.html">தமிழ்</a>&nbsp;[ta]</span> 
&nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 
href="/philosophy/categories.tr.html">Türkçe</a>&nbsp;[tr]</span> &nbsp;
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw" 
href="/philosophy/categories.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</span> 
&nbsp;
 </p>
 </div>' -->
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/philosophy/categories.html" 
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -45,4 +46,5 @@
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href="/philosophy/categories.sr.html" title="српски" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" 
href="/philosophy/categories.ta.html" title="தமிழ்" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 
href="/philosophy/categories.tr.html" title="Türkçe" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw" 
href="/philosophy/categories.zh-tw.html" title="繁體中文" />
 <!-- end translist file -->

Index: po/categories.zh-tw.po
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retrieving revision 1.5
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diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/categories.zh-tw.po      21 Aug 2017 07:28:35 -0000      1.5
+++ po/categories.zh-tw.po      21 Aug 2017 08:01:47 -0000      1.6
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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Index: categories.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: categories.zh-tw.html
diff -N categories.zh-tw.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ categories.zh-tw.html       21 Aug 2017 08:01:47 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/categories.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.83 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>自由與非自由軟體的類別 - GNU 專案 - 
自由軟體基金會</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen">
+<!--
+#content #diagram { overflow: auto; margin: 2em 0; }
+#diagram img { width: 31.7em; }
+-->
+
+</style>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/categories.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<h2>自由與非自由軟體的類別</h2>
+
+<p>也請參閱<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">ä½ æˆ–è¨±æƒ³é¿å…
çš„混淆詞語</a>。</p>
+
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /philosophy/category.png -->
+<p id="diagram" class="c">
+<img src="/philosophy/category.png" alt="[軟體的類別]" />
+</p>
+
+      <p>本圖解說軟體的不同類別，原作者
為洪朝貴，後續經許多人更新；此圖解釋了不同軟體類型間的關係。這張圖可透過<a
+href="/philosophy/category.svg">可縮放向量圖</a>和 <a
+href="/philosophy/category.fig">XFig 
文件</a>形式取得，授權條款可採用 GNU GPL v2 或後續版本、GNU
+FDL v1.2 或後續版本、或是創用CC 姓名標示-相同方式分享 v2.0 
或後續版本。</p>
+
+<h3 id="FreeSoftware">自由軟體</h3>
+
+       <p>自由軟體是å…
è¨±ä»»ä½•äººä½¿ç”¨ã€è¤‡è£½ã€å’Œ/或散布、不論有無修改軟體、亦不論有無收費的軟體。尤å
…¶è¦æ³¨æ„ï¼Œé€™ä»£è¡¨æºå§‹ç¢¼å¿…é 
ˆå¯ä»¥å–得，可以這樣說「如果不能有源始碼，它就不算是個軟體」；還請參見<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">完整定義</a>。</p>
+
+       
<p>若程式是自由的，則有潛力收錄到自由的作業系統中，例如
 GNU、或是 <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux 系統</a> 中。</p>
+
+       
<p>有許多方式可以讓程式自由——許多施行上的細節問題，可以有不同的處理方式，但都能讓程式自由。後面有列出一些可能的變化。至於特定自由軟體授權條款的相關資訊，則請見<a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html">授權方式列表</a>é é¢ã€‚</p>
+
+       <p>è‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”è«‡çš„æ˜¯è‡ªç”±ï¼Œä¸æ˜¯åƒ¹æ ¼ã€‚ä¸éŽå°ˆæœ‰è»Ÿé«”å…
¬å¸å»ç¶“常用英文的「free
+softwareã€ä¸€è©žä¾†æŒ‡åƒ¹æ ¼å…è²»ï¼Œæœ‰æ™‚å€™ä»–å€‘è¬›çš„æ˜¯ä½ å¯ä»¥å…
è²»å–å¾—äºŒé€²ä½å‰¯æœ¬ï¼›æœ‰æ™‚å€™ä»–å€‘æŒ‡çš„æ˜¯è»Ÿé«”å‰¯æœ¬åœ¨ä½ 買電è…
¦æ™‚便一併附含在內。上述這兩類都跟我們
+GNU 專案所講的自由軟體無關。</p>
+
+       <p>å› ç‚ºé€™æ¨£æœƒé€ æˆæ··æ·†ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ç•¶ä¸€å®¶è»Ÿé«”å…
¬å¸èªªæˆ‘們的產品是「free
+software」時，務必要確認實際的授權條款是不是能讓使用者
真正擁有自由軟體所指的å…
¨éƒ¨è‡ªç”±ã€‚有時候是真的自由軟體；但也有時候不是。</p>
+
+       <p>許多語言與漢語官話一樣，所謂「自由」跟「å…
è²»ã€æ˜¯å…
©å€‹ä¸åŒæ„ç¾©çš„詞語；例如：法語裡的自由是「libre」，而å…
è²»å‰‡æ˜¯ã€Œgratuit」。但英語就不是這樣，雖然英語的「gratis」可以æ¸
…楚的指明å…
è²»ï¼Œå»æ²’有個常見的形容詞可以單獨指出自由（freedom）而不會é€
 æˆèª¤è§£ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ è¬›çš„æ˜¯å…¶ä»–èªžè¨€ï¼Œæˆ‘å€‘å»ºè­°ä½ 
將自由軟體的「free」翻譯成更清
楚、不易混淆的詞語。請參見我們整理的<a
+href= "/philosophy/fs-translations.html"> 
「自由軟體」詞語翻譯</a>，有各語言的譯文列表。</p>
+
+       <p>自由軟體經常比非自由軟體<a 
href="/software/reliability.html">æ›´å¯é </a>。</p>
+
+<h3 id="OpenSource">開源軟體</h3>
+
+       <p>
+       
「開源」軟體是有些人用來描述差不多和自由軟體相同類別的軟體而提出的用語。它所講的這類軟體和自由軟體並非完å
…
¨ç›¸åŒï¼šä»–們接受一些我們認為限制過度的授權條款。然而，這類軟體所涵蓋的範圍和自由軟體差異很小：幾乎所有自由軟體都是開源軟體，而且幾乎所有開源軟體都是自由軟體。</p>
+       <p>我們偏好採用「<a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">自由軟體</a>」這個講法，å›
 
為它把「自由」點了出來——這是「開源」二字所辦不到的。</p>
+
+<h3 id="PublicDomainSoftware">公版軟體</h3>
+
+       <p>公版軟體是未受著作權保護的軟體。如果源始碼為å…
¬ç‰ˆè‘—作，則其屬於<a
+href="#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">非著作傳自由軟體</a>的特殊案例，代表它的有些軟體副本或修改後的版本可能不再自由。</p>
+
+       <p>有些情況下，可執行檔可以是å…
¬ç‰ˆè‘—ä½œï¼Œä½†æ²’æœ‰æºå§‹ç¢¼ã€‚é€™ç¨®ç‹€æ³å°±ä¸æ˜¯è‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”ï¼Œå› 
ç‚ºè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”å¿…é ˆè¦èƒ½å¤ 
取用源始碼。還有，大多數的自由軟體也都不是å…
¬ç‰ˆè‘—作；這些自由軟體都受到著作權法保護，如此著作權所有è€
…才能在法律上透過自由軟體授權條款給予任何人授權，å…
è¨±ä»–人自由運用。</p>
+
+       <p>有些人會用「公版」、「公眾é 
˜åŸŸã€çš„粗略概念來講<a
+href="#FreeSoftware">「自由」</a>或「免費取得」。然而，「å…
¬ç‰ˆã€æ˜¯æ³•å¾‹ç”¨èªžï¼Œè€Œæ ¹æ“šå…
¶æ¦‚念上精確來說，就是指「不受著作權保護」。我們建議只在此特定意義下使用「å
…¬ç‰ˆã€ä¸€è©žï¼Œè‹¥æŒ‡çš„是其他意思還請用å…
¶ä»–詞語來表達，如此才能一清二楚。</p>
+
+       <p>æ ¹æ“šå¤§å¤šæ•¸åœ‹å®¶å·²ç°½ç½²çš„ä¼¯æ©å…¬ç´„ (Berne
+Convention)，任何著作在創作完成時皆自動受到著作權法保護。這åŒ
…æ‹¬ç¨‹å¼å‰µä½œã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œå¦‚æžœä½ å¸Œæœ›ä½ å¯«çš„è»Ÿé«”è®Šæˆå…
¬ç‰ˆè‘—ä½œï¼Œä½ å¿…é ˆåšä¸€äº›æ³•å¾‹ä½œç‚ºä¾†å®£å‘Šä½ 
放棄著作權；否則，程式便受到著作權法保護。</p>
+
+<h3 id="CopyleftedSoftware">著作傳保護軟體</h3>
+
+       
<p>著作傳保護軟體是指軟體採用的散布條款能確保所有版本之軟體副本皆能延續差不多一樣的散布條款。舉例來說，這代表著作傳式授權條款通常都不å
…è¨±ä»–äººå†å°è»Ÿé«”åŠ å…¥é¡å¤–è¦æ±‚ï¼ˆé›–ç„¶å¯ä»¥å…è¨±åŠ å…
¥æœ‰é™çš„保障要求），並且要求讓使用者
得以取用源始碼。這樣可以保護該程式和å…
¶ä¿®æ”¹å¾Œç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼Œä¸è¢«å¸¸è¦‹çš„專有程式轉換作法奪走自由。</p>
+
+        <p>有些著作傳式授權條款，例如 GPL 
第&nbsp;3&nbsp;版，會阻止用å…
¶ä»–作法將軟體轉為專有形式，例如 <a
+href="/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html">Tivo 行為</a>。</p> 
+
+       <p>GNU 
å°ˆæ¡ˆä¸­ï¼Œæˆ‘å€‘åˆ©ç”¨è‘—ä½œå‚³ä¿è­·å¹¾ä¹Žæ‰€æœ‰æˆ‘å€‘æ’°å¯«çš„è»Ÿé«”ï¼Œå› 
爲我們的要旨是要給予 <em>每一位</em>
+使用者「自由軟體」所必含的自由。請見我們的<a
+href="/licenses/copyleft.html">著作傳專文</a>æ·±å…
¥çž­è§£è‘—作傳如何運作，以及我們為何採用。</p>
+
+       <p>è‘—ä½œå‚³æ˜¯ç¨®æ¦‚å¿µï¼›è‹¥è¦ä»¥è‘—ä½œå‚³ä¿è­·å¯¦éš›ç¨‹å¼ï¼Œä½ å¿…
é 
ˆæŽ¡å–明確的散布條款。著作傳式散布條款有許多可行的作法，所以原則上有許多種著作傳式自由軟體授權條款。然而，一般實務上幾乎所有的著作傳保護軟體都採用
+<a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU
+通用公眾授權</a>。å…
©ç¨®ä¸åŒçš„著作傳式授權條款通常「無法相容」，代表法律上將å
…©ç¨®ä¸åŒè‘—ä½œå‚³å¼æŽˆæ¬Šçš„æºå§‹ç¢¼åˆä½µå±¬æ–¼é•æ³•è¡Œç‚ºï¼›å› 
此，對社群而言最好的作法就是大家都採用同一種著作傳式授權條款。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">非著作傳保護的自由軟體</h3>
+
+       <p>非著作傳保護的自由軟體來自於作者除了å…
è¨±å†æ¬¡æ•£å¸ƒå’Œä¿®æ”¹è»Ÿé«”å¤–ï¼Œä¹Ÿå…è¨±åŠ 入一些額外限制。</p>
+
+       <p>如果程式是自由軟體，但未受著作傳保護，則å…
¶è»Ÿé«”副本或修改後的版本不見得能一直保有自由。軟體å…
¬å¸å¯ä»¥ç·¨è­¯é€™å€‹ç¨‹å¼ï¼Œç„¡è«–有無修改，接著再以<a
+href="#ProprietarySoftware">專有</a>軟體產品的形式散布可執行檔。</p>
+
+       <p><a href="http://www.x.org";>X Window System</a> 
的案例可用來說明這點。X Consortium 發行了
+X11，採用的散布條款使å…
¶æˆç‚ºéžè‘—作傳保護的自由軟體，後續的開發者
幾乎都遵循相同的做法。沿用那些散布條款的軟體副本皆是自由軟體。然而，卻也有些非自由的版本，有些（或至少過去有）受歡迎的工作站電è
…¦æˆ–å€‹äººé›»è…¦é¡¯ç¤ºå¡åªèƒ½åœ¨éžè‡ªç”±çš„ç‰ˆæœ¬ä¸Šæ­£å¸¸é‹è¡Œã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ 
正好使用這樣的硬體，那麼
+X11 å°ä½ è€Œè¨€å°±ä¸æ˜¯è‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”ã€‚<a href="/philosophy/x.html">X11 
的開發者甚至還曾一度讓 X11
+轉為非自由軟體</a>ï¼›ä»–å€‘ä¹‹æ‰€ä»¥èƒ½é€™éº¼åšï¼Œæ˜¯å› ç‚ºå…
¶ä»–人也用相同的非著作傳式授權條款貢獻出程式碼。</p>
+
+<h3 id="LaxPermissiveLicensedSoftware">放任寬容式授權軟體</h3>
+
+       <p>放任寬容式授權包括 X11 授權條款，以及<a 
href="/licenses/bsd.html">兩種 BSD
+授權條款</a>。這些授權條款幾乎允許任意使用程式碼，包
括允許散布專有的二進位檔，無論有無修改源始碼。</p>
+
+<h3 id="GPL-CoveredSoftware">GPL 保護軟體</h3>
+
+       <p><a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL（通用公眾授權）</a> 
是將程式以著作傳保護的其中一種特定散布條款。GNU
+專案將之用於大多數 GNU 軟體的散布授權條款。</p>
+
+       <p>若要說自由軟體等於 GPL 保護軟體無疑是種錯誤。</p>
+
+<h3 id="TheGNUsystem">GNU 作業系統</h3>
+
+       <p><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU 作業系統</a>是種 Unix 
風作業系統，完全採自由軟體構成，由 GNU
+專案的我們從1984年開始開發。</p>
+
+       <p>一套 Unix 風作業系統是由許多程式構築而成。GNU 
系統含有全部的<a href="#GNUsoftware">官方 GNU
+軟體包</a>。此外，它也包含許多其他軟體包，例如 X Window 
System 和 TeX 等，而這些不是 GNU 軟體。</p>
+
+       <p>第一次完整 GNU 
系統的測試發行版時間在1996年。它採用 GNU 
Hurd，我們從1990å¹´èµ·é–‹ç™¼çš„å…§æ ¸å¿ƒã€‚åˆ°äº†2001年，GNU 系統（包
括
+GNU Hurd）剛開始比較能穩定運行，但 Hurd 
é‚„ç¼ºå°‘ä¸€äº›é‡è¦åŠŸèƒ½ï¼Œå› æ­¤æœªè¢«å»£æ³›æŽ¡ç”¨ã€‚ç´„èŽ«åŒæ™‚ï¼Œ<a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux 系統</a>，一套 GNU 
系統的旁系分支出來，改採用 Linux
+ä½œç‚ºæ ¸å¿ƒï¼Œå–ä»£äº† GNU Hurd，並且自 90 
年代起大為風行。從這件事可看出，GNU
+系統並非單一不變的程式集合；使用者和散布者皆可以æ 
¹æ“šå…¶éœ€æ±‚和興趣而選擇不同的軟體包，而這樣的成品仍屬於 
GNU 系統的變化版。</p>
+
+       <p>å› ç‚º GNU 的目標就是要自由，所以 GNU
+作業系統中的任何組件都是自由軟體，雖然它們不一定都受著作傳保護。只要軟體能幫助我們完成技術目的，合於規範的任何形式自由軟體皆得以接納。</p>
+
+<h3 id="GNUprograms">GNU 程式</h3>
+
+       <p>「GNU 程式」等同於 <a href="#GNUsoftware">GNU 
軟體</a>。一個稱為 Foo 的程式只要是 GNU 軟體，那它就是
+GNU 程式。我們有時也稱之為「GNU 軟體包」。</p>
+
+<h3 id="GNUsoftware">GNU 軟體</h3>
+
+       <p><a href="/software/software.html">GNU 軟體</a>是 <a href=
+"/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU 
專案</a>主導之下發行的軟體。如果某程式是 GNU 
軟體，我們也稱之為 GNU 程式或 GNU
+軟體包。GNU 軟體包的 README 和手冊中會寫出它屬於 GNU 
軟體之一；此外，<a
+href="/directory">自由軟體目錄</a>中也會標示出所有的 GNU 
軟體包。</p>
+
+       <p>大多數 GNU 軟體採取<a href= 
"/licenses/copyleft.html">著作傳保護</a>，但並非å…
¨éƒ½å¦‚此；不過，所有的 GNU
+軟體都一定是<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">自由軟體</a>。</p>
+
+       <p>有些 GNU 軟體是<a 
href="http://www.fsf.org/";>自由軟體基金會 (FSF)</a>的<a href=
+"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/";>員工</a>所寫，但大多數的 GNU 
軟體都來自多位<a
+href="/people/people.html">志工</a>。（有些志工是å…
¬å¸æ”¯è–ªï¼Œæˆ–由大學支薪，但對我們來說都屬於志工的範疇。）有些人貢獻的軟體å
…
¶è‘—作權是由自由軟體基金會所有；而有些則是撰寫軟體的貢獻è€
…自身保留著作權。</p>
+
+<h3 id="FSF-CopyrightedGNUSoftware">著作權屬 FSF 之 GNU 軟體</h3>
+
+        <p>GNU 軟體包的開發者可以將軟體的著作權轉移給 
FSF，亦可自行保留著作權。他們能自己選擇。</p>
+
+        <p>如果他們將著作權轉移給 
FSF，則該程式是為著作權屬於 FSF 的 GNU 軟體 ，而 FSF
+可實行å…
¶æŽˆæ¬Šæ¢æ¬¾ã€‚如果他們自己保留了著作權，那麼授權條款的實行與否則是他們自身的責任。</p>
+       
+       <p>FSF 不接受非官方 GNU 軟體包的著作權讓與，為å…
¶è¦å‰‡ã€‚</p>
+
+<h3 id="non-freeSoftware">非自由軟體</h3>
+
+       
<p>非自由軟體是任何不自由的軟體。這類軟體禁止了使用、再次散布、或修改的權利，或是另行要求ä½
 å¿…é ˆè«‹æ±‚æŽˆæ¬Šè¨±å¯ï¼Œæˆ–æ˜¯é™åˆ¶å¦‚æ­¤ä¹‹å¤šä»¥è‡´æ–¼ä½ 
無法有效自由運用。</p>
+
+<h3 id="ProprietarySoftware">專有軟體</h3>
+
+       
<p>專有軟體是非自由軟體的別名。過去我們將非自由軟體區分為「半自由軟體」和「專有軟體」，前è€
…可以在非商業用途下修改軟體並且再次散布，而後者
不行。不過我們已放棄這種區分方式，現在我們把「專有軟體」作為非自由軟體的同義詞。</p>
+
+       <p>自由軟體基金會遵守不安裝任何專有程式到我們電è…
¦ä¸Šçš„å®ˆå‰‡ï¼Œåªæœ‰åœ¨æˆ‘å€‘å¿…é ˆæ’°å¯«è‡ªç”±ç‰ˆå–ä»£å“çš„ç‰¹å®šæƒ…
況下才能暫時例外。除了這點之外，我們認為並沒有任何藉口安裝專有程式。</p>
+
+       <p>舉例來說，我們認為在1980年代期間，將 Unix 
å®‰è£åˆ°è‡ªå·±çš„é›»è…¦ä¸Šé‚„ç®—æ­£ç•¶ï¼Œé€™æ˜¯å› ç‚ºæˆ‘å€‘å¾—ä¾é 
它才得以撰寫出 Unix
+的自由版替代品。時至今日，我們已經有自由的作業系統，所以å
…
ˆå‰çš„條件不再適用；我們不會使用任何非自由的作業系統，而且我們在任何新電è
…¦ä¸Šéƒ½åªå®‰è£å®Œå…¨è‡ªç”±çš„作業系統。</p>
+
+       <p>但我們不主張 GNU 的使用者、或者 GNU
+çš„è²¢ç»è€…éƒ½å¿…é ˆéµå®ˆé€™æ¢è¦å‰‡ç”Ÿæ´»ã€‚é€™åƒ…
æ˜¯æˆ‘å€‘ç‚ºè‡ªå·±æ‰€è¨­çš„å®ˆå‰‡ã€‚ç•¶ç„¶ï¼Œæˆ‘å€‘é‚„æ˜¯æœŸå‹‰ä½ 
ä¹Ÿèƒ½ä¸€åŒéµå¾ªï¼Œç‚ºäº†ä½ çš„è‡ªç”±ä¹‹æ•…ã€‚</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="freeware">免費軟體</h3>
+
+       <p>「免費軟體」一詞一直以來都沒有清
楚、廣為接受的定義，但常見於指稱å…
è¨±å†æ¬¡æ•£å¸ƒï¼Œä½†ä¸èƒ½ä¿®æ”¹çš„軟體包
（而且也不會提供源始碼）。這樣的軟體
+<em>不是</em> 自由軟體，所以請不要用「å…
è²»è»Ÿé«”」這個詞語來指自由軟體。</p>
+
+<h3 id="shareware">共享軟體</h3>
+
+       <p>共享軟體是å…
è¨±äººå€‘再次散布軟體副本的軟體，但任何人若要繼續使用軟體就
 <em>å¿…é ˆ</em> 支付授權費用。</p>
+
+       <p>共享軟體不是自由軟體，名稱雖有提到å…
±äº«ä½†é‚„ç¨±ä¸ä¸Šæ˜¯åŠè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”ã€‚æœ‰å…©å€‹åŽŸå› ：</p>
+
+       <ul>
+       <li>å°æ–¼å¤§å¤šæ•¸çš„å…±äº«è»Ÿé«”è€Œè¨€ï¼Œæºå§‹ç¢¼ç„¡æ³•å–ç”¨ï¼›å› 
æ­¤ï¼Œä½ æ ¹æœ¬ç„¡æ³•ä¿®æ”¹ç¨‹å¼ã€‚</li>
+       <li>共享軟體不允許製作副本、也不å…
è¨±ä¸ä»˜æŽˆæ¬Šè²»å°±å®‰è£è»Ÿé«”，甚至對那些把軟體用於非營利用途的個人來說也一樣。（實務上，人們通常不會管授權條款還是會這樣做，但法律上授權條款並不å
…è¨±ã€‚）</li>
+       </ul>
+
+<h3 id="PrivateSoftware">私家軟體</h3>
+       <p>私家軟體或自用軟體是替某一使用者
（通常是組織機構，或公司）開發的軟體。使用者
自己保留軟體並使用，但不將它以源始碼形式或二進位檔形式å
…¬é–‹ç™¼è¡Œã€‚</p>
+       <p>私家軟體只要它這個使用者
能擁有四大自由就是自由軟體（雖然講起來有點瑣碎）。明確而言，如果軟體的使用è€
…
對私家程式能有完整的權利，那程式就是自由軟體。然而，如果這個使用è€
…將軟體副本散布給å…
¶ä»–人，卻不隨副本給予他人這四大權利，則這些副本就不是自由軟體。</p>
+
+       
<p>自由軟體講求的是對於軟體的自由，而非能不能取得軟體。大體而言，我們不認為開發一套軟體但不å
…¬é–‹ç™¼è¡Œæœ‰ä»€éº¼éŒ¯ã€‚有些情
況下某個程式可能相當重要，所以有的人會認為不願放出程式違反人性。然而，這樣的例子非常罕見。絕大多數的程式都沒重大到那種程度，所以拒絕å
…¬é–‹ç™¼è¡Œç¨‹å¼ç¢ºå¯¦æ²’æœ‰ä»€éº¼å°éŒ¯å¯è¨€ã€‚å› 
此，自由軟體運動的原則，和開發私家軟體或自用軟體之間沒有任何衝突之處。</p>
+
+       
<p>幾乎所有的程式設計師職位都在開發私家自用軟體；所以大多數的程式設計工作，都能å¤
 ，或可以用與自由軟體運動相容的方式完成。</p>
+
+<h3 id="commercialSoftware">商業軟體</h3>
+
+       <p> 
「商業」和「專有」大大相同！商業軟體是指軟體以屬於某營利事業之部分事業形式開發而成。大多數的商業軟體採用<a
+href="#ProprietarySoftware">專有授權</a>，但也有商業的自由授權軟體，還有非商業、亦非自由的軟體。</p>
+
+       <p>舉例來說，GNU Ada 是一公司開發的軟體，並一直採用 
GNU GPL
+çš„æŽˆæ¬Šæ¢æ¬¾æ•£ä½ˆè»Ÿé«”ï¼Œå› 
此所有的軟體拷貝也都是自由軟體；但它的開發者
有銷售軟體的支援合約。
+當他們的業務和潛在顧客對談時，有的客戶會說：「我們覺得商業的編譯器軟體比較安å
…¨ã€ï¼Œæ­¤æ™‚他們的業務就會回答：「GNU Ada <em>是</em>
+商業的編譯器；只是剛好也是自由軟體。」</p>
+       <p>其實就 GNU Project 
的觀點而言，輕重剛好相反：重點在於 GNU Ada 
是自由軟體，而商業不商業倒其次。不過，GNU Ada
+之所以能有更多開發，是源自於商業行為這點毋庸置疑，對å
…¶ç¤¾ç¾¤ä¾†èªªå¤§æœ‰åŠ©ç›Šã€‚</p>
+       
<p>請協助讓更多人知道有自由的商業軟體。最簡單的幫忙方式，就是當ä½
 要提「專有軟體」時不要說成「商業軟體」了。</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about    -->
+<!-- verbatim copying.  Please do NOT remove this without talking     -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>請來信到 <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a> 
詢問有關自由軟體基金會 (FSF)
+和 GNU 的一般問題；或者<a href="/contact/">以å…
¶ä»–方式</a>聯絡自由軟體基金會。至於損毀的連結及å…
¶ä»–修正和建議，可以將之寄給
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+我們努力盡所能提供貼切、品質良善的翻譯。然而，我們無法十å
…¨åç¾Žï¼Œé‚„è«‹å°‡ä½ 的意見評述與一般建議寄給 <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a></p><p>請參照
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻譯讀我 README</a>
+ä¾†çž­è§£å”èª¿å’Œæäº¤æˆ‘å€‘çš„ç¶²é ç¿»è­¯ç›¸é—œäº‹å®œã€‚</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015,
+2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>æœ¬é é¢æŽ¡ç”¨<a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW";>創用 CC
+姓名標示-禁止改作 4.0 國際</a>條款給予授權。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ </div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+更新時間︰
+
+$Date: 2017/08/21 08:01:47 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

Index: po/categories.zh-tw-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/categories.zh-tw-en.html
diff -N po/categories.zh-tw-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/categories.zh-tw-en.html 21 Aug 2017 08:01:47 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.83 -->
+<title>Categories of Free and Nonfree Software
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen">
+<!--
+#content #diagram { overflow: auto; margin: 2em 0; }
+#diagram img { width: 31.7em; }
+-->
+</style>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/categories.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Categories of free and nonfree software</h2>
+
+<p>Also see <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing
+       Words which You Might Want to Avoid</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /philosophy/category.png -->
+<p id="diagram" class="c">
+<img src="/philosophy/category.png" alt=" [Categories of software] " />
+</p>
+
+      <p>This diagram, originally by Chao-Kuei and updated by several
+      others since, explains the different categories of software. It's
+      available as a <a href="/philosophy/category.svg">Scalable Vector
+      Graphic</a> and as an <a href="/philosophy/category.fig">XFig
+      document</a>, under the terms of any of the GNU GPL v2 or later,
+      the GNU FDL v1.2 or later, or the Creative Commons
+      Attribution-Share Alike v2.0 or later.</p>
+
+<h3 id="FreeSoftware">Free software</h3>
+
+       <p>Free software is software that comes with permission for
+       anyone to use, copy, and/or distribute, either verbatim or with
+       modifications, either gratis or for a fee. In particular, this
+       means that source code must be available. &ldquo;If it's not
+       source, it's not software.&rdquo; This is a simplified
+       description; see also
+       the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">full
+       definition</a>.</p>
+
+       <p>If a program is free, then it can potentially be included
+       in a free operating system such as GNU, or free versions of
+       the <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+       system</a>.</p>
+
+       <p>There are many different ways to make a program free&mdash;many
+       questions of detail, which could be decided in more than one way
+       and still make the program free. Some of the possible variations
+       are described below. For information on specific free software
+       licenses, see the <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">license
+       list</a> page.</p>
+
+       <p>Free software is a matter of freedom, not price. But
+       proprietary software companies typically use the term
+       &ldquo;free software&rdquo; to refer to price. Sometimes they
+       mean that you can obtain a binary copy at no charge; sometimes
+       they mean that a copy is bundled with a computer that you are
+       buying, and the price includes both.  Either way, it has
+       nothing to do with what we mean by free software in the GNU
+       project.</p>
+
+       <p>Because of this potential confusion, when a software company
+       says its product is free software, always check the actual
+       distribution terms to see whether users really have all the
+       freedoms that free software implies. Sometimes it really is free
+       software; sometimes it isn't.</p>
+
+       <p>Many languages have two separate words for
+       &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in freedom and &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in
+       zero price. For example, French has &ldquo;libre&rdquo; and
+       &ldquo;gratuit&rdquo;. Not so English; there is a word
+       &ldquo;gratis&rdquo; that refers unambiguously to price, but
+       no common adjective that refers unambiguously to freedom. So
+       if you are speaking another language, we suggest you translate
+       &ldquo;free&rdquo; into your language to make it clearer. See
+       our list of <a href= "/philosophy/fs-translations.html">
+       translations of the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</a> into
+       various other languages.</p>
+
+       <p>Free software is often <a href="/software/reliability.html">more
+       reliable</a> than nonfree software.</p>
+
+<h3 id="OpenSource">Open source software</h3>
+
+       <p>
+       The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; software is used by some
+       people to mean more or less the same category as free
+       software. It is not exactly the same class of software: they
+       accept some licenses that we consider too restrictive, and
+       there are free software licenses they have not
+       accepted. However, the differences in extension of the
+       category are small: nearly all free software is open source,
+       and nearly all open source software is free.</p>
+       <p>We prefer the term &ldquo;<a
+        href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">free
+       software</a>&rdquo; because it refers to
+       freedom&mdash;something that the term &ldquo;open
+       source&ldquo; does not do.</p>
+
+<h3 id="PublicDomainSoftware">Public domain
+       software</h3>
+
+       <p>Public domain software is software that is not copyrighted. If
+       the source code is in the public domain, that is a special case of
+       <a href="#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted free
+       software</a>, which means that some copies or modified versions
+       may not be free at all.</p>
+
+       <p>In some cases, an executable program can be in the public domain
+       but the source code is not available. This is not free software,
+       because free software requires accessibility of source code.
+       Meanwhile, most free software is not in the public domain; it is
+       copyrighted, and the copyright holders have legally given
+       permission for everyone to use it in freedom, using a free software
+       license.</p>
+
+       <p>Sometimes people use the term &ldquo;public domain&rdquo;
+       in a loose fashion to
+       mean <a href="#FreeSoftware">&ldquo;free&rdquo;</a> or
+       &ldquo;available gratis.&rdquo; However, &ldquo;public
+       domain&rdquo; is a legal term and means, precisely, &ldquo;not
+       copyrighted&rdquo;. For clarity, we recommend using
+       &ldquo;public domain&rdquo; for that meaning only, and using
+       other terms to convey the other meanings.</p>
+
+       <p>Under the Berne Convention, which most countries have
+       signed, anything written down is automatically
+       copyrighted. This includes programs. Therefore, if you want a
+       program you have written to be in the public domain, you must
+       take some legal steps to disclaim the copyright on it;
+       otherwise, the program is copyrighted.</p>
+
+<h3 id="CopyleftedSoftware">Copylefted software</h3>
+
+       <p>Copylefted software is free software whose distribution
+       terms ensure that all copies of all versions carry more or
+       less the same distribution terms.  This means, for instance,
+       that copyleft licenses generally disallow others to add
+       additional requirements to the software (though a limited set
+       of safe added requirements can be allowed) and require making
+       source code available.  This shields the program, and its
+       modified versions, from some of the common ways of making a
+       program proprietary.</p>
+
+        <p>Some copyleft licenses, such as GPL version&nbsp;3, block
+       other means of turning software proprietary, such as <a
+    href="/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html">tivoization</a>.</p> 
+
+       <p>In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we
+       write, because our goal is to give <em>every</em> user the freedoms
+       implied by the term &ldquo;free software.&rdquo; See our <a
+        href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft article</a> for more 
explanation of
+       how copyleft works and why we use it.</p>
+
+       <p>Copyleft is a general concept; to copyleft an actual program,
+       you need to use a specific set of distribution terms. There are
+       many possible ways to write copyleft distribution terms, so in
+       principle there can be many copyleft free software licenses.
+       However, in actual practice nearly all copylefted software uses the
+       <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public
+       License</a>. Two different copyleft licenses are usually
+       &ldquo;incompatible&rdquo;, which means it is illegal to merge
+       the code using one license with the code using the other
+       license; therefore, it is good for the community if people use
+       a single copyleft license.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">Noncopylefted free software</h3>
+
+       <p>Noncopylefted free software comes from the author with
+       permission to redistribute and modify, and also to add additional
+       restrictions to it.</p>
+
+       <p>If a program is free but not copylefted, then some copies
+       or modified versions may not be free at all. A software
+       company can compile the program, with or without
+       modifications, and distribute the executable file as
+       a <a href="#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a> software
+       product.</p>
+
+       <p>The <a href="http://www.x.org";>X Window System</a>
+       illustrates this.  The X Consortium released X11 with
+       distribution terms that made it noncopylefted free
+       software, and subsequent developers have mostly followed the
+       same practice.   A copy which has those
+       distribution terms is free software.  However, there are nonfree
+       versions as well, and there are (or at least were) popular
+       workstations and PC graphics boards for which nonfree
+       versions are the only ones that work.  If you are using this
+       hardware, X11 is not free software for
+       you.  <a href="/philosophy/x.html">The developers of X11 even
+       made X11 nonfree</a> for a while; they were able to do this
+       because others had contributed their code under the same
+       noncopyleft license.</p>
+
+<h3 id="LaxPermissiveLicensedSoftware">Lax permissive licensed software</h3>
+
+       <p>Lax permissive licenses include the X11 license and the
+       <a href="/licenses/bsd.html">two BSD licenses</a>.  These licenses 
permit
+       almost any use of the code, including distributing proprietary
+       binaries with or without changing the source code.</p>
+
+<h3 id="GPL-CoveredSoftware">GPL-covered software</h3>
+
+       <p>The <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL (General Public
+       License)</a> is one specific set of distribution terms for
+       copylefting a program. The GNU Project uses it as the distribution
+       terms for most GNU software.</p>
+
+       <p>To equate free software with GPL-covered software is therefore
+       an error.</p>
+
+<h3 id="TheGNUsystem">The GNU operating system</h3>
+
+       <p>The <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU operating system</a> is the
+       Unix-like operating system, which is entirely free software, that
+       we in the GNU Project have developed since 1984.</p>
+
+       <p>A Unix-like operating system consists of many programs. The
+       GNU system includes all of the <a href="#GNUsoftware">official
+       GNU packages</a>.  It also includes many other packages, such as
+       the X Window System and TeX, which are not GNU software.</p>
+
+       <p>The first test release of the complete GNU system was in
+       1996.  This includes the GNU Hurd, our kernel, developed since
+       1990.  In 2001 the GNU system (including the GNU Hurd) began
+       working fairly reliably, but the Hurd still lacks some
+       important features, so it is not widely used.  Meanwhile,
+       the <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux system</a>,
+       an offshoot of the GNU operating system which uses Linux as
+       the kernel instead of the GNU Hurd, has been a great success
+       since the 90s.  As this shows, the GNU system is not a single
+        static set of programs; users and distributors may select
+        different packages according to their needs and desires.  The
+        result is still a variant of the GNU system.</p>
+
+       <p>Since the purpose of GNU is to be free, every single
+       component in the GNU operating system is free
+       software.  They don't all have to be copylefted, however; any
+       kind of free software is legally suitable to include if it
+       helps meet technical goals.</p>
+
+<h3 id="GNUprograms">GNU programs</h3>
+
+       <p>&ldquo;GNU programs&rdquo; is equivalent
+       to <a href="#GNUsoftware">GNU software.</a> A program Foo is a
+       GNU program if it is GNU software.  We also sometimes say it
+       is a &ldquo;GNU package&rdquo;.</p>
+
+<h3 id="GNUsoftware">GNU software</h3>
+
+       <p><a href="/software/software.html">GNU software</a> is
+       software that is released under the auspices of the <a href=
+       "/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU Project</a>. If a program is GNU
+       software, we also say that it is a GNU program or a GNU
+       package.  The README or manual of a GNU package should say it
+       is one; also, the <a href="/directory">Free Software
+       Directory</a> identifies all GNU packages.</p>
+
+       <p>Most GNU software is <a href=
+       "/licenses/copyleft.html">copylefted</a>, but not all; however,
+       all GNU software must be <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+       software</a>.</p>
+
+       <p>Some GNU software was written by <a href=
+       "http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/";>staff</a> of
+       the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software
+       Foundation</a>, but most GNU software comes from many
+       <a href="/people/people.html">volunteers</a>.  (Some of these
+       volunteers are paid by companies or universities, but they are
+       volunteers for us.)  Some contributed software is copyrighted
+       by the Free Software Foundation; some is copyrighted by the
+       contributors who wrote it.</p>
+
+<h3 id="FSF-CopyrightedGNUSoftware">FSF-copyrighted GNU software</h3>
+
+        <p>The developers of GNU packages can transfer the copyright
+        to the FSF, or they can keep it.  The choice is theirs.</p>
+
+        <p>If they have transferred the copyright to the FSF, the program
+       is FSF-copyrighted GNU software, and the FSF can enforce
+       its license.  If they have kept the copyright, enforcing the license
+       is their responsibility.</p>
+       
+       <p>The FSF does not accept copyright assignments of software
+       that is not an official GNU package, as a rule.</p>
+
+<h3 id="non-freeSoftware">Nonfree software</h3>
+
+       <p>Nonfree software is any software that is not free.
+       Its use, redistribution or modification is prohibited, or
+       requires you to ask for permission, or is restricted so much
+       that you effectively can't do it freely.</p>
+
+<h3 id="ProprietarySoftware">Proprietary software</h3>
+
+       <p>Proprietary software is another name for nonfree software.
+       In the past we subdivided nonfree software into
+       &ldquo;semifree software&rdquo;, which could be modified and
+       redistributed noncommercially, and &ldquo;proprietary
+       software&rdquo;, which could not be.  But we have dropped that
+       distinction and now use &ldquo;proprietary software&rdquo; as
+       synonymous with nonfree software.</p>
+
+       <p>The Free Software Foundation follows the rule that we cannot
+       install any proprietary program on our computers except temporarily
+       for the specific purpose of writing a free replacement for that
+       very program. Aside from that, we feel there is no possible excuse
+       for installing a proprietary program.</p>
+
+       <p>For example, we felt justified in installing Unix on our
+       computer in the 1980s, because we were using it to write a free
+       replacement for Unix. Nowadays, since free operating systems are
+       available, the excuse is no longer applicable; we do not use any
+       nonfree operating systems, and any new computer we install
+       must run a completely free operating system.</p>
+
+       <p>We don't insist that users of GNU, or contributors to GNU, have
+       to live by this rule. It is a rule we made for ourselves. But we
+       hope you will follow it too, for your freedom's sake.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="freeware">Freeware</h3>
+
+       <p>The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; has no clear accepted
+       definition, but it is commonly used for packages which permit
+       redistribution but not modification (and their source code is
+       not available). These packages are <em>not</em> free software,
+       so please don't use &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; to refer to free
+       software.</p>
+
+<h3 id="shareware">Shareware</h3>
+
+       <p>Shareware is software which comes with permission for people to
+       redistribute copies, but says that anyone who continues to use a
+       copy is <em>required</em> to pay a license fee.</p>
+
+       <p>Shareware is not free software, or even semifree. There are two
+       reasons it is not:</p>
+
+       <ul>
+       <li>For most shareware, source code is not available; thus, you
+       cannot modify the program at all.</li>
+       <li>Shareware does not come with permission to make a copy and
+       install it without paying a license fee, not even for individuals
+       engaging in nonprofit activity. (In practice, people often
+       disregard the distribution terms and do this anyway, but the terms
+       don't permit it.)</li>
+       </ul>
+
+<h3 id="PrivateSoftware">Private software</h3>
+       <p>Private or custom software is software developed for one user
+       (typically an organization or company). That user keeps it and uses
+       it, and does not release it to the public either as source code or
+       as binaries.</p>
+       <p>A private program is free software (in a somewhat trivial
+       sense) if its sole user has the four freedoms.  In particular,
+       if the user has full rights to the private program, the program is
+       free.  However, if the user distributes copies to others and does
+       not provide the four freedoms with those copies, those copies
+       are not free software.</p>
+
+       <p>Free software is a matter of freedom, not access.  In
+       general we do not believe it is wrong to develop a program and
+       not release it. There are occasions when a program is so
+       important that one might argue that withholding it from the
+       public is doing wrong to humanity.  However, such cases are
+       rare.  Most programs are not that important, and declining to
+       release them is not particularly wrong. Thus, there is no
+       conflict between the development of private or custom software
+       and the principles of the free software movement.</p>
+
+       <p>Nearly all employment for programmers is in development of
+       custom software; therefore most programming jobs are, or could be,
+       done in a way compatible with the free software movement.</p>
+
+<h3 id="commercialSoftware">Commercial software</h3>
+
+       <p> &ldquo;Commercial&rdquo; and &ldquo;proprietary&rdquo; are
+       not the same!  Commercial software is software developed by a
+       business as part of its business. Most commercial software
+       is <a href="#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>, but there
+       is commercial free software, and there is noncommercial
+       nonfree software.</p>
+
+       <p>For example, GNU Ada is developed by a company.  It is always
+       distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL, and every copy is
+       free software; but its developers sell support contracts. When
+       their salesmen speak to prospective customers, sometimes the
+       customers say, &ldquo;We would feel safer with a commercial
+       compiler.&rdquo; The salesmen reply, &ldquo;GNU
+       Ada <em>is</em> a commercial compiler; it happens to be free
+       software.&rdquo;</p>
+       <p>For the GNU Project, the priorities are in the other order:
+       the important thing is that GNU Ada is free software; that
+       it is commercial is just a detail. However, the additional
+       development of GNU Ada that results from its being commercial
+       is definitely beneficial.</p>
+       <p>Please help spread the awareness that free commercial
+       software is possible. You can do this by making an effort not
+       to say &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; when you mean
+       &ldquo;proprietary.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about    -->
+<!-- verbatim copying.  Please do NOT remove this without talking     -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. --> 
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 
2015, 2016, 2017 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2017/08/21 08:01:47 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>