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www/philosophy/po categories.zh-tw.po


From: Cheng-Chia Tseng
Subject: www/philosophy/po categories.zh-tw.po
Date: Sun, 20 Aug 2017 09:53:04 -0400 (EDT)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Cheng-Chia Tseng <zerngjia>     17/08/20 09:53:04

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : categories.zh-tw.po 

Log message:
        add categories translations of traditional Chinese

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: categories.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: categories.zh-tw.po
diff -N categories.zh-tw.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ categories.zh-tw.po 20 Aug 2017 13:53:03 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,797 @@
+# Traditional Chinese translation of 
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html
+# Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Cheng-Chia Tseng <address@hidden>, 2017.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: categories.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-23 22:08+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-20 21:50+0800\n"
+"Language-Team: Traditional Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.13\n"
+"Last-Translator: Cheng-Chia Tseng <address@hidden>\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+"Language: zh_TW\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Categories of Free and Nonfree Software - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr "自由與非自由軟體的類別 - GNU 專案 - 自由軟體基金會"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Categories of free and nonfree software"
+msgstr "自由與非自由軟體的類別"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Also see <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing Words which "
+"You Might Want to Avoid</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"也請參閱<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">你或許想避å…
çš„混淆詞語</"
+"a>。"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <p><img>
+msgid "[Categories of software]"
+msgstr "[軟體的類別]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This diagram, originally by Chao-Kuei and updated by several others since, "
+"explains the different categories of software. It's available as a <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/category.svg\">Scalable Vector Graphic</a> and as an <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/category.fig\">XFig document</a>, under the terms of any of "
+"the GNU GPL v2 or later, the GNU FDL v1.2 or later, or the Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-Share Alike v2.0 or later."
+msgstr ""
+"本圖解說軟體的不同類別,原作者
為洪朝貴,後續經許多人更新;此圖解釋了不同軟體"
+"類型間的關係。這張圖可透過<a 
href=\"/philosophy/category.svg\">可縮放向量圖</"
+"a>和 <a href=\"/philosophy/category.fig\">XFig 
文件</a>形式取得,授權條款可採"
+"用 GNU GPL v2 或後續版本、GNU FDL v1.2 
或後續版本、或是創用CC 姓名標示-相同方"
+"式分享 v2.0 或後續版本。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free software"
+msgstr "自由軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software is software that comes with permission for anyone to use, "
+"copy, and/or distribute, either verbatim or with modifications, either "
+"gratis or for a fee. In particular, this means that source code must be "
+"available. &ldquo;If it's not source, it's not software.&rdquo; This is a "
+"simplified description; see also the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">full definition</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"自由軟體是å…
è¨±ä»»ä½•äººä½¿ç”¨ã€è¤‡è£½ã€å’Œ/或散布、不論有無修改軟體、亦不論有無收費的"
+"軟體。尤其要注意,這代表源始碼必é 
ˆå¯ä»¥å–得,可以這樣說「如果不能有源始碼,它"
+"就不算是個軟體」;還請參見<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">完整定義</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a program is free, then it can potentially be included in a free "
+"operating system such as GNU, or free versions of the <a href=\"/gnu/linux-"
+"and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"若程式是自由的,則有潛力收錄到自由的作業系統中,例如
 GNU、或是 <a href=\"/"
+"gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux 系統</a> 中。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are many different ways to make a program free&mdash;many questions of "
+"detail, which could be decided in more than one way and still make the "
+"program free. Some of the possible variations are described below. For "
+"information on specific free software licenses, see the <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"license-list.html\">license list</a> page."
+msgstr ""
+"有許多方式可以讓程式自由——許多施行上的細節問題,可以有不同的處理方式,但都能"
+"讓程式自由。後面有列出一些可能的變化。至於特定自由軟體授權條款的相關資訊,則"
+"請見<a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">授權方式列表</a>頁面。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software is a matter of freedom, not price. But proprietary software "
+"companies typically use the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; to refer to "
+"price. Sometimes they mean that you can obtain a binary copy at no charge; "
+"sometimes they mean that a copy is bundled with a computer that you are "
+"buying, and the price includes both.  Either way, it has nothing to do with "
+"what we mean by free software in the GNU project."
+msgstr ""
+"自由軟體談的是自由,不是價格。不過專有軟體å…
¬å¸å»ç¶“常用英文的「free software」"
+"一詞來指價格免費,有時候他們講的是你可以å…
è²»å–得二進位副本;有時候他們指的是"
+"軟體副本在你買電腦時便一併附含在內。上述這å…
©é¡žéƒ½è·Ÿæˆ‘們 GNU 專案所講的自由軟體"
+"無關。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because of this potential confusion, when a software company says its "
+"product is free software, always check the actual distribution terms to see "
+"whether users really have all the freedoms that free software implies. "
+"Sometimes it really is free software; sometimes it isn't."
+msgstr ""
+"因為這樣會造成混淆,所以當一家軟體å…
¬å¸èªªæˆ‘們的產品是「free software」時,務必"
+"要確認實際的授權條款是不是能讓使用者
真正擁有自由軟體所指的全部自由。有時候是"
+"真的自由軟體;但也有時候不是。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many languages have two separate words for &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in freedom "
+"and &ldquo;free&rdquo; as in zero price. For example, French has &ldquo;"
+"libre&rdquo; and &ldquo;gratuit&rdquo;. Not so English; there is a word "
+"&ldquo;gratis&rdquo; that refers unambiguously to price, but no common "
+"adjective that refers unambiguously to freedom. So if you are speaking "
+"another language, we suggest you translate &ldquo;free&rdquo; into your "
+"language to make it clearer. See our list of <a href= \"/philosophy/fs-"
+"translations.html\"> translations of the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo;</"
+"a> into various other languages."
+msgstr ""
+"許多語言與漢語官話一樣,所謂「自由」跟「免費」是å…
©å€‹ä¸åŒæ„ç¾©çš„詞語;例如:法"
+"語裡的自由是「libre」,而å…
è²»å‰‡æ˜¯ã€Œgratuit」。但英語就不是這樣,雖然英語的"
+"「gratis」可以清楚的指明å…
è²»ï¼Œå»æ²’有個常見的形容詞可以單獨指出自由(freedom)"
+"而不會造成誤解。如果你講的是其他語言,我們建議你
將自由軟體的「free」翻譯成更"
+"清楚、不易混淆的詞語。請參見我們整理的<a href= 
\"/philosophy/fs-translations."
+"html\"> 「自由軟體」詞語翻譯</a>,有各語言的譯文列表。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software is often <a href=\"/software/reliability.html\">more reliable</"
+"a> than nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+"自由軟體經常比非自由軟體<a 
href=\"/software/reliability.html\">更可靠</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Open source software"
+msgstr "開源軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; software is used by some people to mean "
+"more or less the same category as free software. It is not exactly the same "
+"class of software: they accept some licenses that we consider too "
+"restrictive, and there are free software licenses they have not accepted. "
+"However, the differences in extension of the category are small: nearly all "
+"free software is open source, and nearly all open source software is free."
+msgstr ""
+"「開源」軟體是有些人用來描述差不多和自由軟體相同類別的軟體而提出的用語。它所"
+"講的這類軟體和自由軟體並非完å…
¨ç›¸åŒï¼šä»–們接受一些我們認為限制過度的授權條款。"
+"然而,這類軟體所涵蓋的範圍和自由軟體差異很小:幾乎所有自由軟體都是開源軟體,"
+"而且幾乎所有開源軟體都是自由軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We prefer the term &ldquo;<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point."
+"html\">free software</a>&rdquo; because it refers to freedom&mdash;something "
+"that the term &ldquo;open source&ldquo; does not do."
+msgstr ""
+"我們偏好採用「<a 
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">自由"
+"軟體</a>」這個講法,因
為它把「自由」點了出來——這是「開源」二字所辦不到的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Public domain software"
+msgstr "公版軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Public domain software is software that is not copyrighted. If the source "
+"code is in the public domain, that is a special case of <a href=\"#Non-"
+"CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">noncopylefted free software</a>, which means that "
+"some copies or modified versions may not be free at all."
+msgstr ""
+"公版軟體是未受著作權保護的軟體。如果源始碼為å…
¬ç‰ˆè‘—作,則其屬於<a href=\"#Non-"
+"CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">非著作傳自由軟體</a>的特殊案例,代表它的有些軟體副本"
+"或修改後的版本可能不再自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In some cases, an executable program can be in the public domain but the "
+"source code is not available. This is not free software, because free "
+"software requires accessibility of source code.  Meanwhile, most free "
+"software is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted, and the copyright "
+"holders have legally given permission for everyone to use it in freedom, "
+"using a free software license."
+msgstr ""
+"有些情況下,可執行檔可以是å…
¬ç‰ˆè‘—作,但沒有源始碼。這種狀況就不是自由軟體,因"
+"為自由軟體必須要能夠
取用源始碼。還有,大多數的自由軟體也都不是å…
¬ç‰ˆè‘—作;這些"
+"自由軟體都受到著作權法保護,如此著作權所有者
才能在法律上透過自由軟體授權條款"
+"給予任何人授權,允許他人自由運用。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes people use the term &ldquo;public domain&rdquo; in a loose fashion "
+"to mean <a href=\"#FreeSoftware\">&ldquo;free&rdquo;</a> or &ldquo;available "
+"gratis.&rdquo; However, &ldquo;public domain&rdquo; is a legal term and "
+"means, precisely, &ldquo;not copyrighted&rdquo;. For clarity, we recommend "
+"using &ldquo;public domain&rdquo; for that meaning only, and using other "
+"terms to convey the other meanings."
+msgstr ""
+"有些人會用「公版」、「公眾領域」的粗略概念來講<a 
href=\"#FreeSoftware\">「自"
+"由」</a>或「免費取得」。然而,「公版」是法律用語,而æ 
¹æ“šå…¶æ¦‚念上精確來說,就"
+"是指「不受著作權保護」。我們建議只在此特定意義下使用「å
…¬ç‰ˆã€ä¸€è©žï¼Œè‹¥æŒ‡çš„是其"
+"他意思還請用其他詞語來表達,如此才能一清二楚。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Under the Berne Convention, which most countries have signed, anything "
+"written down is automatically copyrighted. This includes programs. "
+"Therefore, if you want a program you have written to be in the public "
+"domain, you must take some legal steps to disclaim the copyright on it; "
+"otherwise, the program is copyrighted."
+msgstr ""
+"根據大多數國家已簽署的伯恩公約 (Berne 
Convention),任何著作在創作完成時皆自動"
+"受到著作權法保護。這包括程式創作。因此,如果你希望你
寫的軟體變成公版著作,你"
+"必須做一些法律作為來宣告你
放棄著作權;否則,程式便受到著作權法保護。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Copylefted software"
+msgstr "著作傳保護軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copylefted software is free software whose distribution terms ensure that "
+"all copies of all versions carry more or less the same distribution terms.  "
+"This means, for instance, that copyleft licenses generally disallow others "
+"to add additional requirements to the software (though a limited set of safe "
+"added requirements can be allowed) and require making source code "
+"available.  This shields the program, and its modified versions, from some "
+"of the common ways of making a program proprietary."
+msgstr ""
+"著作傳保護軟體是指軟體採用的散布條款能確保所有版本之軟體副本皆能延續差不多一"
+"樣的散布條款。舉例來說,這代表著作傳式授權條款通常都不å
…è¨±ä»–人再對軟體加入額"
+"外要求(雖然可以允許加å…
¥æœ‰é™çš„保障要求),並且要求讓使用者得以取用源始碼。這"
+"樣可以保護該程式和å…
¶ä¿®æ”¹å¾Œç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼Œä¸è¢«å¸¸è¦‹çš„專有程式轉換作法奪走自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some copyleft licenses, such as GPL version&nbsp;3, block other means of "
+"turning software proprietary, such as <a href=\"/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html"
+"\">tivoization</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"有些著作傳式授權條款,例如 GPL 
第&nbsp;3&nbsp;版,會阻止用其他作法將軟體轉為"
+"專有形式,例如 <a href=\"/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html\">Tivo 
行為</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we write, because "
+"our goal is to give <em>every</em> user the freedoms implied by the term "
+"&ldquo;free software.&rdquo; See our <a href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html"
+"\">copyleft article</a> for more explanation of how copyleft works and why "
+"we use it."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU 
專案中,我們利用著作傳保護幾乎所有我們撰寫的軟體,因
爲我們的要旨是要給予 "
+"<em>每一位</em> 使用者「自由軟體」所必
含的自由。請見我們的<a href=\"/"
+"licenses/copyleft.html\">著作傳專文</a>æ·±å…
¥çž­è§£è‘—作傳如何運作,以及我們為何採"
+"用。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft is a general concept; to copyleft an actual program, you need to "
+"use a specific set of distribution terms. There are many possible ways to "
+"write copyleft distribution terms, so in principle there can be many "
+"copyleft free software licenses.  However, in actual practice nearly all "
+"copylefted software uses the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General "
+"Public License</a>. Two different copyleft licenses are usually &ldquo;"
+"incompatible&rdquo;, which means it is illegal to merge the code using one "
+"license with the code using the other license; therefore, it is good for the "
+"community if people use a single copyleft license."
+msgstr ""
+"著作傳是種概念;若要以著作傳保護實際程式,你必é 
ˆæŽ¡å–明確的散布條款。著作傳式"
+"散布條款有許多可行的作法,所以原則上有許多種著作傳式自由軟體授權條款。然而,"
+"一般實務上幾乎所有的著作傳保護軟體都採用 <a 
href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU "
+"通用公眾授權</a>。å…
©ç¨®ä¸åŒçš„著作傳式授權條款通常「無法相容」,代表法律上將å
…©"
+"種不同著作傳式授權的源始碼合併屬於違法行為;因
此,對社群而言最好的作法就是大"
+"家都採用同一種著作傳式授權條款。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Noncopylefted free software"
+msgstr "非著作傳保護的自由軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Noncopylefted free software comes from the author with permission to "
+"redistribute and modify, and also to add additional restrictions to it."
+msgstr ""
+"非著作傳保護的自由軟體來自於作者除了å…
è¨±å†æ¬¡æ•£å¸ƒå’Œä¿®æ”¹è»Ÿé«”外,也允許加入一些"
+"額外限制。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a program is free but not copylefted, then some copies or modified "
+"versions may not be free at all. A software company can compile the program, "
+"with or without modifications, and distribute the executable file as a <a "
+"href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> software product."
+msgstr ""
+"如果程式是自由軟體,但未受著作傳保護,則å…
¶è»Ÿé«”副本或修改後的版本不見得能一直"
+"保有自由。軟體å…
¬å¸å¯ä»¥ç·¨è­¯é€™å€‹ç¨‹å¼ï¼Œç„¡è«–有無修改,接著再以<a href="
+"\"#ProprietarySoftware\">專有</a>軟體產品的形式散布可執行檔。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://www.x.org\";>X Window System</a> illustrates this.  The "
+"X Consortium released X11 with distribution terms that made it noncopylefted "
+"free software, and subsequent developers have mostly followed the same "
+"practice.  A copy which has those distribution terms is free software.  "
+"However, there are nonfree versions as well, and there are (or at least "
+"were) popular workstations and PC graphics boards for which nonfree versions "
+"are the only ones that work.  If you are using this hardware, X11 is not "
+"free software for you.  <a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\">The developers of X11 "
+"even made X11 nonfree</a> for a while; they were able to do this because "
+"others had contributed their code under the same noncopyleft license."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.x.org\";>X Window System</a> 
的案例可用來說明這點。X "
+"Consortium 發行了 X11,採用的散布條款使å…
¶æˆç‚ºéžè‘—作傳保護的自由軟體,後續的開"
+"發者
幾乎都遵循相同的做法。沿用那些散布條款的軟體副本皆是自由軟體。然而,卻也"
+"有些非自由的版本,有些(或至少過去有)受歡迎的工作站電è
…¦æˆ–個人電腦顯示卡只能"
+"在非自由的版本上正常運行。如果你
正好使用這樣的硬體,那麼 X11 對你而言就不是自"
+"由軟體。<a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\">X11 的開發者
甚至還曾一度讓 X11 轉為非"
+"自由軟體</a>;他們之所以能這麼做,是因為å…
¶ä»–人也用相同的非著作傳式授權條款貢"
+"獻出程式碼。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Lax permissive licensed software"
+msgstr "放任寬容式授權軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lax permissive licenses include the X11 license and the <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"bsd.html\">two BSD licenses</a>.  These licenses permit almost any use of "
+"the code, including distributing proprietary binaries with or without "
+"changing the source code."
+msgstr ""
+"放任寬容式授權包括 X11 授權條款,以及<a 
href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">兩種 BSD "
+"授權條款</a>。這些授權條款幾乎允許任意使用程式碼,包
括允許散布專有的二進位"
+"檔,無論有無修改源始碼。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GPL-covered software"
+msgstr "GPL 保護軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU GPL (General Public License)</a> is "
+"one specific set of distribution terms for copylefting a program. The GNU "
+"Project uses it as the distribution terms for most GNU software."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU GPL(通用公眾授權)</a> 
是將程式以著作傳保"
+"護的其中一種特定散布條款。GNU 專案將之用於大多數 GNU 
軟體的散布授權條款。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To equate free software with GPL-covered software is therefore an error."
+msgstr "若要說自由軟體等於 GPL 保護軟體無疑是種錯誤。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU operating system"
+msgstr "GNU 作業系統"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU operating system</a> is the Unix-"
+"like operating system, which is entirely free software, that we in the GNU "
+"Project have developed since 1984."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU 作業系統</a>是種 Unix 
風作業系統,完全"
+"採自由軟體構成,由 GNU 專案的我們從1984年開始開發。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A Unix-like operating system consists of many programs. The GNU system "
+"includes all of the <a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">official GNU packages</a>.  It "
+"also includes many other packages, such as the X Window System and TeX, "
+"which are not GNU software."
+msgstr ""
+"一套 Unix 風作業系統是由許多程式構築而成。GNU 系統含有å…
¨éƒ¨çš„<a href="
+"\"#GNUsoftware\">官方 GNU 軟體包</a>。此外,它也包含許多å…
¶ä»–軟體包,例如 X "
+"Window System 和 TeX 等,而這些不是 GNU 軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The first test release of the complete GNU system was in 1996.  This "
+"includes the GNU Hurd, our kernel, developed since 1990.  In 2001 the GNU "
+"system (including the GNU Hurd) began working fairly reliably, but the Hurd "
+"still lacks some important features, so it is not widely used.  Meanwhile, "
+"the <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>, an offshoot of "
+"the GNU operating system which uses Linux as the kernel instead of the GNU "
+"Hurd, has been a great success since the 90s.  As this shows, the GNU system "
+"is not a single static set of programs; users and distributors may select "
+"different packages according to their needs and desires.  The result is "
+"still a variant of the GNU system."
+msgstr ""
+"第一次完整 GNU 系統的測試發行版時間在1996年。它採用 GNU 
Hurd,我們從1990年起"
+"開發的內核心。到了2001年,GNU 系統(包括 GNU 
Hurd)剛開始比較能穩定運行,但 "
+"Hurd 還缺少一些重要功能,因
此未被廣泛採用。約莫同時,<a href=\"/gnu/linux-"
+"and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux 系統</a>,一套 GNU 
系統的旁系分支出來,改採用 Linux "
+"作為核心,取代了 GNU Hurd,並且自 90 
年代起大為風行。從這件事可看出,GNU 系統"
+"並非單一不變的程式集合;使用者和散布者皆可以根據å…
¶éœ€æ±‚和興趣而選擇不同的軟體"
+"包,而這樣的成品仍屬於 GNU 系統的變化版。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since the purpose of GNU is to be free, every single component in the GNU "
+"operating system is free software.  They don't all have to be copylefted, "
+"however; any kind of free software is legally suitable to include if it "
+"helps meet technical goals."
+msgstr ""
+"因為 GNU 的目標就是要自由,所以 GNU 
作業系統中的任何組件都是自由軟體,雖然它"
+"們不一定都受著作傳保護。只要軟體能幫助我們完成技術目的,合於規範的任何形式自"
+"由軟體皆得以接納。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU programs"
+msgstr "GNU 程式"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;GNU programs&rdquo; is equivalent to <a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">GNU "
+"software.</a> A program Foo is a GNU program if it is GNU software.  We also "
+"sometimes say it is a &ldquo;GNU package&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"「GNU 程式」等同於 <a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">GNU 
軟體</a>。一個稱為 Foo 的程式"
+"只要是 GNU 軟體,那它就是 GNU 
程式。我們有時也稱之為「GNU 軟體包」。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU software"
+msgstr "GNU 軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/software/software.html\">GNU software</a> is software that is "
+"released under the auspices of the <a href= \"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU "
+"Project</a>. If a program is GNU software, we also say that it is a GNU "
+"program or a GNU package.  The README or manual of a GNU package should say "
+"it is one; also, the <a href=\"/directory\">Free Software Directory</a> "
+"identifies all GNU packages."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/software/software.html\">GNU 軟體</a>是 <a href= \"/gnu/gnu-"
+"history.html\">GNU 專案</a>主導之下發行的軟體。如果某程式是 
GNU 軟體,我們也"
+"稱之為 GNU 程式或 GNU 軟體包。GNU 軟體包的 README 
和手冊中會寫出它屬於 GNU 軟"
+"體之一;此外,<a 
href=\"/directory\">自由軟體目錄</a>中也會標示出所有的 GNU "
+"軟體包。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most GNU software is <a href= \"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copylefted</a>, "
+"but not all; however, all GNU software must be <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">free software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"大多數 GNU 軟體採取<a href= 
\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">著作傳保護</a>,但並"
+"非全都如此;不過,所有的 GNU 軟體都一定是<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">自由軟體</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some GNU software was written by <a href= \"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/";
+"\">staff</a> of the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"Foundation</a>, but most GNU software comes from many <a href=\"/people/"
+"people.html\">volunteers</a>.  (Some of these volunteers are paid by "
+"companies or universities, but they are volunteers for us.)  Some "
+"contributed software is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation; some is "
+"copyrighted by the contributors who wrote it."
+msgstr ""
+"有些 GNU 軟體是<a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>自由軟體基金會 
(FSF)</a>的<a "
+"href= \"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/\";>員工</a>所寫,但大多數的 
GNU 軟體都"
+"來自多位<a href=\"/people/people.html\">志工</a>。(有些志工是å…
¬å¸æ”¯è–ªï¼Œæˆ–ç”±"
+"大學支薪,但對我們來說都屬於志工的範疇。)有些人貢獻的軟體å
…¶è‘—作權是由自由軟"
+"體基金會所有;而有些則是撰寫軟體的貢獻者
自身保留著作權。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "FSF-copyrighted GNU software"
+msgstr "著作權屬 FSF 之 GNU 軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The developers of GNU packages can transfer the copyright to the FSF, or "
+"they can keep it.  The choice is theirs."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU 軟體包的開發者可以將軟體的著作權轉移給 
FSF,亦可自行保留著作權。他們能自"
+"己選擇。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If they have transfered the copyright to the FSF, the program is FSF-"
+"copyrighted GNU software, and the FSF can enforce its license.  If they have "
+"kept the copyright, enforcing the license is their responsibility."
+msgstr ""
+"如果他們將著作權轉移給 FSF,則該程式則是著作權屬於 FSF 
的 GNU 軟體,而 FSF 可"
+"實行å…
¶æŽˆæ¬Šæ¢æ¬¾ã€‚如果他們自己保留了著作權,那麼授權條款的實行與否則是他們自身"
+"的責任。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The FSF does not accept copyright assignments of software that is not an "
+"official GNU package, as a rule."
+msgstr "FSF 不接受非官方 GNU 軟體包的著作權讓與,為å…
¶è¦å‰‡ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Nonfree software"
+msgstr "非自由軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nonfree software is any software that is not free.  Its use, redistribution "
+"or modification is prohibited, or requires you to ask for permission, or is "
+"restricted so much that you effectively can't do it freely."
+msgstr ""
+"非自由軟體是任何不自由的軟體。這類軟體禁止了使用、再次散布、或修改的權利,或"
+"是另行要求你必é 
ˆè«‹æ±‚授權許可,或是限制如此之多以致於你
無法有效自由運用。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Proprietary software"
+msgstr "專有軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software is another name for nonfree software.  In the past we "
+"subdivided nonfree software into &ldquo;semifree software&rdquo;, which "
+"could be modified and redistributed noncommercially, and &ldquo;proprietary "
+"software&rdquo;, which could not be.  But we have dropped that distinction "
+"and now use &ldquo;proprietary software&rdquo; as synonymous with nonfree "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"專有軟體是非自由軟體的別名。過去我們將非自由軟體區分為「半自由軟體」和「專有"
+"軟體」,前者
可以在非商業用途下修改軟體並且再次散布,而後者
不行。不過我們已放"
+"棄這種區分方式,現在我們把「專有軟體」作為非自由軟體的同義詞。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation follows the rule that we cannot install any "
+"proprietary program on our computers except temporarily for the specific "
+"purpose of writing a free replacement for that very program. Aside from "
+"that, we feel there is no possible excuse for installing a proprietary "
+"program."
+msgstr ""
+"自由軟體基金會遵守不安裝任何專有程式到我們電è…
¦ä¸Šçš„守則,只有在我們必須撰寫自"
+"由版取代品的特定情
況下才能暫時例外。除了這點之外,我們認為並沒有任何藉口安裝"
+"專有程式。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, we felt justified in installing Unix on our computer in the "
+"1980s, because we were using it to write a free replacement for Unix. "
+"Nowadays, since free operating systems are available, the excuse is no "
+"longer applicable; we do not use any nonfree operating systems, and any new "
+"computer we install must run a completely free operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"舉例來說,我們認為在1980年代期間,將 Unix 
安裝到自己的電腦上還算正當,這是因"
+"為我們得依靠它才得以撰寫出 Unix 
的自由版替代品。時至今日,我們已經有自由的作"
+"業系統,所以å…
ˆå‰çš„條件不再適用;我們不會使用任何非自由的作業系統,而且我們在"
+"任何新電腦上都只安裝完全自由的作業系統。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't insist that users of GNU, or contributors to GNU, have to live by "
+"this rule. It is a rule we made for ourselves. But we hope you will follow "
+"it too, for your freedom's sake."
+msgstr ""
+"但我們不主張 GNU 的使用者、或者 GNU 的貢獻者都必é 
ˆéµå®ˆé€™æ¢è¦å‰‡ç”Ÿæ´»ã€‚這僅是我"
+"們為自己所設的守則。當然,我們還是期勉你
也能一同遵循,為了你的自由之故。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Freeware"
+msgstr "免費軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; has no clear accepted definition, but it is "
+"commonly used for packages which permit redistribution but not modification "
+"(and their source code is not available). These packages are <em>not</em> "
+"free software, so please don't use &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; to refer to free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"「免費軟體」一詞一直以來都沒有清
楚、廣為接受的定義,但常見於指稱允許再次散"
+"布,但不能修改的軟體包
(而且也不會提供源始碼)。這樣的軟體 <em>不是</em> 自由"
+"軟體,所以請不要用「å…
è²»è»Ÿé«”」這個詞語來指自由軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Shareware"
+msgstr "共享軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Shareware is software which comes with permission for people to redistribute "
+"copies, but says that anyone who continues to use a copy is <em>required</"
+"em> to pay a license fee."
+msgstr ""
+"共享軟體是å…
è¨±äººå€‘再次散布軟體副本的軟體,但任何人若要繼續使用軟體就
 <em>必須"
+"</em> 支付授權費用。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Shareware is not free software, or even semifree. There are two reasons it "
+"is not:"
+msgstr ""
+"共享軟體不是自由軟體,名稱雖有提到å…
±äº«ä½†é‚„稱不上是半自由軟體。有兩個原因:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"For most shareware, source code is not available; thus, you cannot modify "
+"the program at all."
+msgstr "對於大多數的共享軟體而言,源始碼無法取用;因
此,你根本無法修改程式。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Shareware does not come with permission to make a copy and install it "
+"without paying a license fee, not even for individuals engaging in nonprofit "
+"activity. (In practice, people often disregard the distribution terms and do "
+"this anyway, but the terms don't permit it.)"
+msgstr ""
+"共享軟體不允許製作副本、也不å…
è¨±ä¸ä»˜æŽˆæ¬Šè²»å°±å®‰è£è»Ÿé«”,甚至對那些把軟體用於非"
+"營利用途的個人來說也一樣。(實務上,人們通常不會管授權條款還是會這樣做,但法"
+"律上授權條款並不允許。)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Private software"
+msgstr "私家軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Private or custom software is software developed for one user (typically an "
+"organization or company). That user keeps it and uses it, and does not "
+"release it to the public either as source code or as binaries."
+msgstr ""
+"私家軟體或自用軟體是替某一使用者
(通常是組織機構,或公司)開發的軟體。使用者"
+"自己保留軟體並使用,但不將它以源始碼形式或二進位檔形式å
…¬é–‹ç™¼è¡Œã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A private program is free software (in a somewhat trivial sense) if its sole "
+"user has the four freedoms.  In particular, if the user has full rights to "
+"the private program, the program is free.  However, if the user distributes "
+"copies to others and does not provide the four freedoms with those copies, "
+"those copies are not free software."
+msgstr ""
+"私家軟體只要它這個使用者
能擁有四大自由就是自由軟體(雖然講起來有點瑣碎)。明"
+"確而言,如果軟體的使用者
對私家程式能有完整的權利,那程式就是自由軟體。然而,"
+"如果這個使用者將軟體副本散布給å…
¶ä»–人,卻不隨副本給予他人這四大權利,則這些副"
+"本就不是自由軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software is a matter of freedom, not access.  In general we do not "
+"believe it is wrong to develop a program and not release it. There are "
+"occasions when a program is so important that one might argue that "
+"withholding it from the public is doing wrong to humanity.  However, such "
+"cases are rare.  Most programs are not that important, and declining to "
+"release them is not particularly wrong. Thus, there is no conflict between "
+"the development of private or custom software and the principles of the free "
+"software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"自由軟體講求的是對於軟體的自由,而非能不能取得軟體。大體而言,我們不認為開發"
+"一套軟體但不公開發行有什麼錯。有些情
況下某個程式可能相當重要,所以有的人會認"
+"為不願放出程式違反人性。然而,這樣的例子非常罕見。絕大多數的程式都沒重大到那"
+"種程度,所以拒絕公開發行程式確實沒有什麼對錯可言。因
此,自由軟體運動的原則,"
+"和開發私家軟體或自用軟體之間沒有任何衝突之處。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all employment for programmers is in development of custom software; "
+"therefore most programming jobs are, or could be, done in a way compatible "
+"with the free software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"幾乎所有的程式設計師職位都在開發私家自用軟體;所以大多數的程式設計工作,都能"
+"夠,或可以用與自由軟體運動相容的方式完成。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Commercial software"
+msgstr "商業軟體"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;Commercial&rdquo; and &ldquo;proprietary&rdquo; are not the same! "
+"Commercial software is software developed by a business as part of its "
+"business. Most commercial software is <a href=\"#ProprietarySoftware"
+"\">proprietary</a>, but there is commercial free software, and there is "
+"noncommercial nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+"「商業」和「專有」大大相同!商業軟體是指軟體以屬於某營利事業之部分事業形式開"
+"發而成。大多數的商業軟體採用<a 
href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">專有授權</a>,但"
+"也有商業的自由授權軟體,還有非商業、亦非自由的軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, GNU Ada is developed by a company.  It is always distributed "
+"under the terms of the GNU GPL, and every copy is free software; but its "
+"developers sell support contracts. When their salesmen speak to prospective "
+"customers, sometimes the customers say, &ldquo;We would feel safer with a "
+"commercial compiler.&rdquo; The salesmen reply, &ldquo;GNU Ada <em>is</em> a "
+"commercial compiler; it happens to be free software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"舉例來說,GNU Ada 是一公司開發的軟體,並一直採用 GNU GPL 
的授權條款散佈軟體,"
+"因此所有的軟體拷貝也都是自由軟體;但它的開發者
有銷售軟體的支援合約。 當他們的"
+"業務和潛在顧客對談時,有的客戶會說:「我們覺得商業的編譯器軟體比較安å
…¨ã€ï¼Œæ­¤"
+"時他們的業務就會回答:「GNU Ada <em>是</em> 
商業的編譯器;只是剛好也是自由軟"
+"體。」"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For the GNU Project, the priorities are in the other order: the important "
+"thing is that GNU Ada is free software; that it is commercial is just a "
+"detail. However, the additional development of GNU Ada that results from its "
+"being commercial is definitely beneficial."
+msgstr ""
+"其實就 GNU Project 的觀點而言,輕重剛好相反:重點在於 GNU 
Ada 是自由軟體,而"
+"商業不商業倒其次。不過,GNU Ada 
之所以能有更多開發,是源自於商業行為這點毋庸"
+"置疑,對其社群來說大有助益。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please help spread the awareness that free commercial software is possible. "
+"You can do this by making an effort not to say &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; when "
+"you mean &ldquo;proprietary.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"請協助讓更多人知道有自由的商業軟體。最簡單的幫忙方式,就是當ä½
 è¦æã€Œå°ˆæœ‰è»Ÿ"
+"體」時不要說成「商業軟體」了。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"請來信到 <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a> 
詢問有關自由"
+"軟體基金會 (FSF) 和 GNU 的一般問題;或者<a 
href=\"/contact/\">以其他方式</a>"
+"聯絡自由軟體基金會。至於損毀的連結及å…
¶ä»–修正和建議,可以將之寄給 <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"我們努力盡所能提供貼切、品質良善的翻譯。然而,我們無法十å
…¨åç¾Žï¼Œé‚„請將你的意"
+"見評述與一般建議寄給 <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;web-"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a></p><p>請參照 <a href=\"/server/standards/README."
+"translations.html\">翻譯讀我 README</a> 
來瞭解協調和提交我們的網頁翻譯相關事"
+"宜。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
+"2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
+"2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本頁面採用<a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW\">創用 CC 姓名標示-禁止改作 4.0 
國際</a>條款給予授權。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "更新時間︰"



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