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Subject: |
www philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html philosophy... |
Date: |
Tue, 9 May 2017 14:28:26 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 17/05/09 14:28:26
Modified files:
philosophy : right-to-read.ko.html x.ko.html
philosophy/po : right-to-read.ko-en.html right-to-read.ko.po
x.ko-en.html x.ko.po
server : body-include-2.fr.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.ko.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
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Patches:
Index: philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html,v
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--- philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html 13 Jul 2016 17:58:28 -0000 1.29
+++ philosophy/right-to-read.ko.html 9 May 2017 18:28:25 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,40 +1,66 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko.po">
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.html"
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- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2014-12-08" -->
-
-
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ko.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ì½ì ê¶ë¦¬ - GNU íë¡ì í¸ - ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¬ë¨</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+.info {
+ margin: 0 0 1.5em;
+}
+.announcement {
+ text-align: center;
+ margin: 2em 3%;
+ background: #f5f5f5;
+ border-right: .3em solid #fc7;
+}
+#AuthorsNote ul, #AuthorsNote li {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+#AuthorsNote li p {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+}
+#AuthorsNote li p.emph-box {
+ margin: .5em 3%;
+ background: #f7f7f7;
+ border-color: #e74c3c;
+}
address@hidden (min-width: 53em) {
+ .announcement {
+ width: 75%;
+ margin: 2em auto;
+ }
+ #AuthorsNote .columns >
+ p:first-child,
+ #AuthorsNote li p.inline-block {
+ margin-top: 0;
+ }
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<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ko.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ko.html" -->
-<h2>ì½ì ê¶ë¦¬</h2>
+<h2 class="center">ì½ì ê¶ë¦¬</h2>
-<p>
+<p class="byline center">
ê¸: <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>리ì²ë
ì¤í¨ë¨¼</strong></a></p>
-
-<blockquote class="note">
-<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">ì ìì±
ì ìíì
ê´í ë©ì¼ë§ 리ì¤í¸ì ê°ì
í´
-주ì¸ì.</a></p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>
-<em>ì´ ê¸ì 1997ë
2ìì ë°íë <strong>Communications of the
ACM</strong>(ì 40ê¶ 2í¸)ì
+<p class="center">
+<em>ì´ ê¸ì 1997ë
2ìì ë°íë <cite>Communications of the
ACM</cite>(ì 40ê¶ 2í¸)ì
ê²ì¬ëìë ê²ì
ëë¤.</em></p>
+<hr class="thin" />
-<blockquote><p>
+<div class="article">
+<blockquote class="info center"><p>
ë¤ìì ë¬ëë¼ ì민 íëª
(Lunarian Revolution)ì ì
ì¡°ë¤ì ê´í ê¸ ëª¨ìì¸ <cite>í°ì½ë¡ ê°ë 길(The Road to
Tycho)</cite>ìì ê°ì ¸ì¨ ê²ì
ëë¤. ì´ ì±
ì 2096ë
ì 루ë
ìí°(Lunar City)ìì ì¶íëììµëë¤.
</p></blockquote>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
ë íë²í¸(Dan Hallbert)ìê² ìì´ í°ì½(ìì주: ë¬ì ì¸ ë²ì§¸
ìíì ìë ë¶í구, íëª
ì ë°ë¨ì§)ë¡ ê°ë 길ì 리ì¬
ë ì¸ (Lissa Lenz)ê° ê·¸ìê² ì»´í¨í°ë¥¼ ë¹ë ¤ ë¬ë¼ê³ ìì²íë
ëí ìì ì ì´ë¯¸ ììëììµëë¤. ê·¸ë
ì ì»´í¨í°ë
íìëì기 ë문ì
@@ -62,7 +88,10 @@
ìììµëë¤. ëì ìì ì´ ì½ìë 모ë ì°êµ¬ ìë£ë¤ì
ì´ëë£ë¥¼ ì§ë¶í기 ìí´ ëì¶ì ë°ìì¼ íìµëë¤.(ì´ëë£ì
10%ë ìë£ë¥¼ ìì±í
ì°êµ¬ììê² ëìê°ëë¤. ëì íê³ìì ì¼í 목í를 ê°ê³
ìì기 ë문ì ì¸ì ê° ìì ì ì°êµ¬ ë
¼ë¬¸ì´ ë§ì ì´ëì를
ê°ê² ëë©´ ê·¸ ëì¼ë¡ ëì¶
ê²½ë¹ë¥¼ 충ë¹í ì ìì¼ë¦¬ë¼ê³ 기ëí ì ìììµëë¤.)</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
ëì¤ì ëì ë구ë ëìê´ì ê°ì ì ê°ë¬¼ì 기ì¬ë
ì¬ì§ì´ ì±
ë ë¹ì©ì ì§ë¶íì§ ìê³ ì½ì ì ìë ëê°
ììë¤ë ì¬ì¤ì ìê²
ëììµëë¤. ê·¸ ìì ìë ì ë¶ ëìê´ì íê° ìì´ë ìì²
ì¥ì ë
¼ë¬¸ì ì½ì ë
립ì ì¸ íìë¤ì´ ìììµëë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë
1990ë
ëë¶í° ìì
ê³¼
@@ -93,7 +122,10 @@
ë¿ë§ ìëë¼ ìì ì ì»´í¨í°ì ë£¨í¸ í¨ì¤ìë를 모르ë í,
ê°ê³ ìë¤ê³ í´ë ì¤ì¹í ë°©ë²ì´ ìììµëë¤. <abbr
title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr>ë ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ ê³
ê° ì§ì ì¼í°ê° 루í¸
í¨ì¤ìë를 ìë ¤ì¤ ë¦¬ë ë§ë¬´í ê²ì
ëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
ëì 리ì¬ìê² ì»´í¨í°ë¥¼ ì½ê² ë¹ë ¤ì¤ ì ìë¤ê³ ê²°ë¡
ì§ììµëë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë ê·¸ë
를 ëë ê²ì ê±°ë¶í ì
ìììµëë¤. ìëíë©´ ê·¸ë
를 ì¬ëí기
ë문ì
ëë¤. ê·¸ë
ì ëííë 모ë ìê°ë§ë¤ ê·¸ë ë²
ì°¬
í¬ì´ì ëê¼ìµëë¤. ëí ê·¸ë
ê° ìì ì íí´ ëìì ì²íê³
ìë¤ë ê²ì ê·¸ë
ëí
@@ -117,88 +149,149 @@
<p>
ëì¤ì ëì íêµì ì´ë¬í ì ì±
ì´ ë§ì íìë¤ì´
ì»´í¨í°ë¥¼ ì¬ì©í기 ììí 1980ë
ëì ììëìë¤ë ì¬ì¤ì
ìê² ëììµëë¤. ê·¸ ì´ì ìë
ë¤ë¥¸ ë°©ìì¼ë¡ íìë¤ì ê·ì íìµëë¤. íêµë ë¨ìí
íìê° ìë í´ë¡ì´ íìì ëí´ íìë¤ì ì²ë²íìµëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
리ì¬ë ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ë³´í¸êµì ëì ê³ ë°íì§ ìììµëë¤.
ê·¸ë
를 ëê² ë¤ë ê·¸ì ê²°ì ì ê²°êµ ê·¸ë¤ì ê²°í¼ì¼ë¡
ì´ì´ì¡ê³ , ê·¸ë¤ì ì´ë¦° ìì ì
êµì¡ë°ìë ì ìê¶ ì¹¨í´ì ëí´ìë ì문ì ê°ê²
ëììµëë¤. ê·¸ë¤ì ì ìê¶ì ìì¬ì ìë¹ìí¸ ì°ë°©,
ê·¸ë¤ì ë³µì ê·ì , ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ ë¯¸êµ íë²
ì´íì ëí´ìë ê³µë¶íê² ëììµëë¤. ê·¸ë¤ì 루ë
ìí°ë¡ ì´ì£¼íê³ ê·¸ê³³ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ë³´í¸êµì ëì
ê°ìë§ìì ë²ì´ëë ¤ë ëë¥ì ì¬ëë¤ê³¼
ë§ë ì ìììµëë¤. ì기 2062ë
, í°ì½ìì íëª
ì´
ììëìì ë, ìì ë¡ê² ì½ê³ ì íë ì´ ë³´í¸ì ì¸ ê¶ë¦¬ë
곧 íëª
ì ì¤ì¬ 목íê°
ëììµëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote>
+<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">ì ìì±
ì ìíì
ê´í ë©ì¼ë§ 리ì¤í¸ì ê°ì
í´
+주ì¸ì.</a></p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
-<h3 id="AuthorsNote">ì ìì ë§</h3>
+<div id="AuthorsNote">
+<h3>ì ìì ë§</h3>
-<p>[ìëì ë´ì©ì ì´ ì´ì¼ê¸°ê° ì²ì ì¶íë ì´í ì¬ë¬ ì°¨ë¡
ìì ëììµëë¤.]</p>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p>ì´ ì´ì¼ê¸°ë 미ëì ëêµ°ê°ì ìí´ ì°ì¬ì§ ìì¬
ì´ì¼ê¸°ë¡, ë íë²í¸ì ì ë
ìì ì ì´ì¼ê¸°ë¡, "ì ìê¶
침í´"를 ì ëì ëêµ¬ë¡ ì¬ì©íë
+ì ëìì ìí´ ìµìë°ë ìì ì ìì íê³ ìë¤. ê·¸ë 기ì
ê·¸ ì¬íì ì©ì´ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íê³ ìë¤. ëë ì¬ê¸°ì ì¬ì©ë
ì©ì´ë¥¼ ì¡°ê¸ ë ìµìì ì¼ë¡
+ë¤ë¦¬ëë¡ íìë¤. <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">“ë¶ë²
+ë³µì ”</a>ì ì미를 ì´í´ ë³´ì.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
-<p>
-ì½ì ê¶ë¦¬ë¥¼ ìí ì¸ìì ì§ê¸ë ë²ì´ì§ê³ ìë íì¤ì
ëë¤. íì¬ì ìí ë°©ìì´ ì¬ë¼ì§ëë° 50ë
ì´ ê±¸ë¦°ë¤ê³
íëë¼ë, ìê¸ì ë¬ì¬ëì´
-ìë ëë¶ë¶ì ë²ë¥ ê³¼ ê´íë¤ì ì´ë¯¸ ì ìëì´ ìê³ , ë§ì
ë²ë¤ì´ 미êµê³¼ ë¤ë¥¸ ê³³ìì ì
ë²ëììµëë¤. 미êµììë
1998ë
ì ëì§í¸
-ë°ë ëì ì ìê¶ë²(DMCA, Digital Millennium Copyright Act)ê° ì
ë²ëì´, ë¤ë¥¸ ì ì물ì ê²½ì°ë ë§ì°¬ê°ì§ì§ë§
-ì»´í¨í°íë ì±
ì ì½ê±°ë ëì¬íë ê²ì ì ííë ë²ë¥
ê·¼ê±°ê° ë§ë ¨ëììµëë¤. ì ë½ ì°í©ì ì ì¬í ì íì 2001ë
ì
ìê¶ íë ¹ì
-ë¶ê°íìµëë¤. íëì¤ê° 2006ë
ì ì±íí DADVSI ë²ë¥ ì
ìíë©´ DVD ë¹ëì¤ë¥¼ ëì½ë©íë ìì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì¸ DeCSSì ë³µì
물ì
-ë¨ìí ìì§íë ê²ë ë²ì£ê° ë©ëë¤.</p>
+<li>
+<div class="reduced-width">
+<p>DRMì “Digital Restrictions Management”ì ì¤ì ë§ë¡, ì±
ëë ì¬ë¬ ì¢
ë¥ì 춮íë
+ì ì물ì ëì¬ ëë ì´ëì ì ííëë¡ ì»´í¨í°ë¥¼ íµí´ ê°ì
íë ê²ì ì미í©ëë¤. ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¬ë¨ì DRMì ìì
기 ìí´ <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">Defective by Design</a> ìº íì¸ì
ë²ì´ê³ ììµëë¤.
+ì°ë¦¬ë ì¬ë¬ì ì§ìì ìì²í©ëë¤.ë¶</p>
+
+<p>ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¬ë¨ê³¼ ê´ë ¨ì´ ìë ë³ëì ì¡°ì§ì¸
Electronic Frontier Foundationë DRMì ë°ëí©ëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<blockquote class="info center">
+<p>ìëì ë´ì©ì ì´ ì´ì¼ê¸°ê° ì²ì ì¶íë ì´í ì¬ë¬ ì°¨ë¡
ìì ëììµëë¤.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
-2001ë
ì ëì¦ëì¬ì íìì ë°ë íë§ì¤(Hollings)
ììììì SSSCAë¡ ë¶ë¦¬ë ë²ìì ì ì¶íìµëë¤. ì´ê²ì
모ë ì»´í¨í°
-ì ì íì ì¬ì©ìê° ì°íí ì ìë ë³µì ì í ì¤ë¹ë¥¼ ì무ì
ì¼ë¡ ì¤ì¹íë ê²ì
ëë¤. í´ë¦¬í¼ 칩과 ë¯¸êµ ì ë¶ì ìí¸ í¤
ìí ì ìì ì´ì´
-ì´ê²ì ì¥ê¸°ì ì¸ ì¶ì¸ë¥¼ ë³´ì¬ì¤ëë¤. ì¦, ì»´í¨í° ìì¤í
ì
ì¤ì ë¡ ì¬ì©íë ì¬ëì ëí íµì ê¶ì ê¶ë ¥ì ê°ì§ ë³´ì´ì§
ìë ì¬ëìê² ë기ë
-ì»´í¨í° ìì¤í
ì ì ì ë ëë ¤ê°ë ê²ì
ëë¤. SSSCAë
ê·¸íì ë°ìí ì ìë CBDTPA(Consumer Broadband and
-Digital Television Promotion Act)ë¼ë ì´ë¦ì¼ë¡ ë³ê²½ëìëë°,
“ìë¹íë, íë¡ê·¸ë¨íë ¤ íì§ ë§ë¼
-ë²ë¥ (Consume But Don't Try Programming Act)”ë¼ê³ ì´ë¦ ë¶ì´ëê²
ë ëì ê² ê°ìµëë¤.
-</p>
+ì½ì ê¶ë¦¬ë¥¼ ìí ì¸ìì ì§ê¸ë ë²ì´ì§ê³ ìë íì¤ì
ëë¤. íì¬ì ìí ë°©ìì´ ì¬ë¼ì§ëë° 50ë
ì´ ê±¸ë¦°ë¤ê³
íëë¼ë, ì ê¸ì ë¬ì¬ëì´
+ìë ëë¶ë¶ì ë²ë¥ ê³¼ ê´íë¤ì ì´ë¯¸ ì ìëì´ ìê³ , ë§ì
ë²ë¤ì´ 미êµê³¼ ë¤ë¥¸ ê³³ìì ì
ë² ëììµëë¤. 미êµììë
1998ë
ì ëì§í¸
+ë°ë ëì ì ìê¶ë²(DMCA, Digital Millennium Copyright Act)ê° ì
ë²ëì´, DRMê³¼ ê°ì´ ì»´í¨í°ë¥¼ ì´ì©íì¬
+ì±
ì ì´ëíê±°ë ëì¬íë ê²ì ì ííë DRMì ë§ê°í¸ë¦¬ë
ê²ì ë²ì£ë¡ ê·ì íë ê²ì ëí ë²ë¥ ê·¼ê±°ê° ë§ë
¨ëììµëë¤. ì ë½ ì°í©ì
+ì ì¬í ì íì 2001ë
ì ìê¶ íë ¹ì ë¶ê° íììµëë¤. </p>
<p>
-ê·¸í ê³µíë¹ì´ ììì 주ëíê² ëììµëë¤. ê³µíë¹ì
민주ë¹ì ë¹í´ í리ì°ëìì ê´ê³ê° 긴ë°íì§ ì기 ë문ì
ê·¸ë¬í ë²ìë¤ì ê°ííì§
-ìììµëë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë 민주ë¹ì´ 주ëê¶ì ëì°¾ìê³ , ìíì´
ë¤ì íë² ëìì¡ìµëë¤.</p>
+미êµì ì´ë¥¸ë° “ìì 무ì”ë¼ë ì¡°ì½ì íµíì¬
ì´ë° ê·ì¹ì ê°ì íê³ ììµëë¤. ëª
목ìì¼ë¡ 민주주ì
êµê°ì ëí
+ë¹ì¦ëì¤ ì§ë°°ê¶ì ë¶ì¬í기 ìí´ ì¤ê³ë ê²ì´ê¸° ë문ì <a
+href="https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html">ë¹ì§ëì¤
ì°ì주ì
+ì¡°ì½</a>ì´ë¼ë ì©ì´ê° ë ì í©í ì©ì´ ì
ëë¤. . DRMì
ìë°íë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ë²ì£ë¡ ê·ì íë DMCAì ì´ë¬í ì ì±
ì
ê´ë²ìí
+ë¶ì¼ì ê°ì ëë ë§ì ë¶ë¹í ì ì±
ì¤ íëì
ëë¤.</p>
<p>
-2001ë
ì 미êµì ì ìë 미주ìì 무ìì§ë(FTAA, Free Trade Area
of the Americas) ì¡°ì½ì ì´ì©í´ì ì´ë¥¼
-ìë°êµ¬ì ìë 모ë êµê°ì ê°ìíë ¤ë ìë를
ììí©ëë¤. FTAAë ì´ë¥¸ë° ìì 무ì ì¡°ì½ì íëë¡ì
ì¬ì¤ì 민주ì ì¸ ì ë¶ë³´ë¤ ì°ìì
-íì 기ì
ìê² ë¶ì¬í ì ìëë¡ ë§ë¤ì´ì§ ê²ì
ëë¤. DMCAì
ê°ì ë²ì ê°ìë ê²ì´ ì íì ì¸ ìì
ëë¤. FTAAë DMCA
ì구ì ë¤ë¥¸
-ê²ë¤ì ê±°ë¶í ë¸ë¼ì§ ëíµë ¹ 룰ë¼(Lula)ì ìí´ ì¬ì¤ì
í기ëììµëë¤.</p>
+미êµì ìì íì ì íµí´ í¸ì£¼, íëë§, ì½ë¡¬ë¹ì, íêµì
DMCA를 ê°ì íìì¼ë©°, ì½ì¤í리카ì ê°ì êµê°ë ë¤ë¥¸
ì¡°ì½ì íµí´
+CAFTA를 ì²´ê²°íììµëë¤. ì¤ë°ë§ ëíµë ¹ì TPPì TTIPë¼ë ë
ê°ì§ ìë¡ì´ ì¡°ì½ì¼ë¡ ì´ ìº íì¸ì íë íììµëë¤. TPPë
+DMCA를 ë¤ë¥¸ ë§ì ì못ë ì¡°íê³¼ í¨ê» ííìì ìë 12
ê°êµì ê°ì í ê²ì
ëë¤. TTIPë ì ë½ê³¼ë ì ì¬í íì½ì
맺ì
+ê²ì
ëë¤. ì´ ëª¨ë ì¡°ì½ë¤ì 무í¨í íê±°ë íì§íì¬ì¼
í©ëë¤.</p>
<p>
-ê·¸ ì´íë¡, 미êµì ë¹ì·í ì구ë¤ì í¸ì£¼ì ë©ìì½ì ê°ì
êµê°ì ììê° ìì 무ì íì ì íµí´ ë¶ê³¼íìµëë¤. 그리ê³
ì½ì¤í리카ì ê°ì
-êµê°ë¤ê³¼ë ë¤ë¥¸ ì¡°ì½ì¸ CAFTAì íµí´ ë¶ê³¼í©ëë¤. ìì¿
ìë르 ëíµë ¹ ì½ë ì(Correa)ë 미êµê³¼ì
-“ìì 무ì”íì ì ìëª
íë ê²ì ê±°ë¶íìµëë¤.
ê·¸ë¬ë ìì¿ ìëë¥´ê° DMCAì ì ì¬í ê²ì 2003ë
ë°ìë¤ìë¤ê³
-ë¤ììµëë¤.</p>
+ì¬ì§ì´ ìë ìì´ë ì¹ ì»¨ììì (World Wide Web Consortium)ë ì
ìê¶ ì°ì
ì ê·¸ë ìì¼ë¡ ë¤ì´ê°ìµëë¤. DRM
+ìì¤í
ì ì¹ ì¬ìì ê³µìì ì¸ ë¶ë¶ì¼ë¡ ì¹ì¸í기 ì§ì ì
ëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p class="emph-box">
+ë¹ ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë <a href="/proprietary/"> ì¬ë¬ ì¢
ë¥ì ë¶ì
í 기ë¥ì ê°ì§ê³ </a>ìì´ì <a href = "/
+philosophy / free-software-even-more-important.html "> ë¹ ìì
íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì 뢰í ìë
+ììµëë¤ </a>. ê·¸ë 기ì ìì (libre) ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë§ì ê³
ì§í´ì¼ íë©° ë¹ ìì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ê±°ë¶í´ì¼ í©ëë¤.</p>
+
+<p class="inline-block">
+ë¹ì¤íë ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ìê² ì¶ê°ì ì¸ ê¶íì
ë¶ì¬í©ëë¤. ì를 ë¤ì´, ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ë “ê°ì
ë¡” ì
ê·¸ë ì´ë를 ì¤ì¹í
+ì ìê³ ë¹ì¤íê° ì¤íëë 모ë 기ê³ì ëí´ìí¹ì í
ì¥ì¹ ëë¼ì´ë²ê° 구ëíì§ ëª»íëë¡ í ì ììµëë¤.
ë¹ì¤íê° ê°ì§ ë§ì ì í 기ë¥ì
+주ë 목ì ì ì¬ì©ììê² DRMì ê°ì íëë° ììµëë¤. ë¬¼ë¡ ,
ìëì°ì¦ 10ë ë§ì°¬ê°ì§ ì
ëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
-ì´ì¼ê¸°ì 본문 ë´ì© ì¤ì 2002ë
ê¹ì§ë ì¤ì ë¡ ì ìëì§
ìì ê²ì´ íë ììµëë¤. ê·¸ê²ì ì¬ë¬ë¶ì ê°ì¸ì©
ì»´í¨í°ì ë£¨í¸ í¨ì¤ìë를
-<abbr>FBI</abbr>ì ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ê° ë³´ì íê³ ì¬ë¬ë¶ì´ ê°ì§
못íëë¡ íë¤ë ê²ì
ëë¤.</p>
+ì´ ì´ì¼ê¸°ì ìì´ëì´ ì¤ íëë ì¬ì¤ 2002 ë
ê¹ì§ ì ìëì§
ìììµëë¤. ê°ì¸ì© ì»´í¨í°ì ëí ë£¨í¸ ìí¸ë¥¼ FBIì
Microsoftê°
+ë³´ì íê³ ì¬ì©ìê° ê°ì§ì§ 못íëë¡ íë ìì´ëì´ ì
ëë¤. </p>
<p>
-ì´ë¬í ê³íì ì ìí ì¬ëë¤ì “ì 뢰 ì»´í¨í
”ì´ë “íë¼ë”ê³¼ ê°ì ì´ë¦ì ë¶ììµëë¤.
ì°ë¦¬ë
-<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“ë°°ì ì»´í¨í
”</a>ì´ë¼ê³
-ë¶ë¥´ê² ìµëë¤. ìëíë©´ ê·¸ ê²°ê³¼ë ì¬ë¬ë¶ì ì»´í¨í°ê°
ì¬ì§ì´ ì¬ë¬ë¶ì 무ìíê±°ë ë°°ì íë ì ëìê¹ì§
ì´ë¥´ëë¡ ê¸°ì
ì ë³µì¢
íê² ë기
-ë문ì
ëë¤. ì´ê²ì 2007ë
ì <a
href="http://badvista.org/">ìëì°ì¦ ë¹ì¤í</a>ì ì¼ë¶ë¡
-구íëììµëë¤. ì°ë¦¬ë ì íë ë¹ì·í ì¼ì í리ë¼ê³
ììí©ëë¤. ì´ë¬í ê³í ìëììë ì ì¡° 기ì
ì´ ë¹ë°
ì½ë를 ë³´ì íê² ë©ëë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë
-<abbr>FBI</abbr>ê° ë¹ë° ì½ë를 ìì ë£ë ê²ë ê·¸ë¤ì§ ì´ë µì§
ìì ê²ì
ëë¤.</p>
+ì´ë¬í ì ìì ì´ê¸°ìë “í¸ë¬ì¤í°ë ì»´í¨í
(trusted
computing)” ê³¼
+“ìí¸ì (Palladium)”ì´ë¼ ë¶ë¦¬ìì§ë§, ì¤ì ë¡ ì¬ì©
ëë©´ì ë¶í°ë “ìíì´ ë¶í¸(secure
+boot)”ë¼ ë¶ë¦¬ììµëë¤. </p>
<p>
-ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ê° ë³´ì íë ê²ì ì íµì ì¸ ì미ììì,
í°ë¯¸ëì ì
ë ¥íë í¨ì¤ìëì ê°ì ê²ì´ ìëëë¤.
그보ë¤ë ì¬ë¬ë¶ì ì»´í¨í°ì ì ì¥ë
+ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ê° ë³´ì íë ê²ì ì íµì ì¸ ì미ììì,
í°ë¯¸ëì ì
ë ¥íë í¨ì¤ìëì ê°ì ê²ì´ ìëëë¤. ê·¸
ë³´ë¤ë ì¬ë¬ë¶ì ì»´í¨í°ì ì ì¥ë
ëë²ì§¸ í¤ì ëìíë ìí¸íë í¤ì ìëª
ì
ëë¤. ì´ê²ì
ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ìê², ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ ì ì¬ì ì¼ë¡ë
ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ì íë ¥íë ì´ë¤ ì¹
-ì¬ì´í¸ìê²ë ì¬ì©ìê° ìì ì ì»´í¨í°ìì í ì ìë
ì¼ì ëí ì ëì ì¸ íµì ê¶ì ë¶ì¬í©ëë¤.</p>
+ì¬ì´í¸ìê²ë ì¬ì©ìê° ìì ì ì»´í¨í°ìì íµì ê¶ì
ê°ì§ë ê²ê³¼ ê°ì íµì ê¶ì ë¶ì¬í©ëë¤. ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ë
FBIì ìì²ì ìíì¬ ì´
+íµì ê¶ì ì¬ì©í ì ìì¼ë©°, ì´ë¯¸ <a
href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">ìëì°ì¦ì NSA
+ë³´ì ë²ê·¸</a> ë¡ ì¡´ì¬íê³ ììµëë¤.</p>
<p>
-ë¹ì¤íë ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ìê² ì¶ê°ì ì¸ ê¶íì
ë¶ì¬í©ëë¤. ì를 ë¤ë©´, ë§ì´í¬ë¡ìíí¸ë ê°ì ì ì¼ë¡ ì
ê·¸ë ì´ë를 ì¤ì¹í ì ìê³ ë¹ì¤íê°
-ì¤íëë 모ë 기ê³ì ëí´ í¹ì í ì¥ì¹ ëë¼ì´ë²ê°
구ëëì§ ëª»íëë¡ í ì ììµëë¤. ë¹ì¤íê° ê°ì§ ë§ì ì
í 기ë¥ì 주ë 목ì ì
-ì¬ì©ìë¤ì´ ë²ì´ë ì ìëë¡ DRMì ê°ì íëë° ììµëë¤.
DRMì ìí ë문ì ì°ë¦¬ë <a
-href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">Defective by Design</a> ìº íì¸ì
ììíìµëë¤.</p>
+ìíì´ ë¶í¸ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íë©´, ì¬ì©ìê° ìëª
í¤ì ì´ë¤
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì ìëª
ì í ê² ì¸ì§ë¥¼ í¹ì íëë¡ êµ¬íì´
ê°ë¥í©ëë¤. ì¤ì ë¡ Windows
+10 ì©ì¼ë¡ ì¤ê³ë PCë Microsoftì í¤ë§ ê°ì§ê³ ì기 ë문ì,
ì»´í¨í° ìì ìê° ë¤ë¥¸ ì´ìì²´ì (ì : GNU / Linux)ì
+ì¤ì¹í ì ìë ì§ê° Microsoftì íµì íì ììµëë¤. ì´ê²ì
<em>ì íë ë¶í
(restricted boot) </em>ì´ë¼
+í©ëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
ì´ ì´ì¼ê¸°ë¥¼ ì²ì ì¸ ë¹ìì SPA(ìì주: ì¬ê¸°ì ì¸ê¸ëë
SPAë ì´ì¼ê¸° 본문ì ëì¤ë ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ë³´í¸êµ, Software
Protection Authorityê° ìë ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¶íì íí, Software
Publiser's Associationì
-ë§í©ëë¤.)ê° ëª¨ë ì¬ì©ì를 ê°ìí ì ìê² í´ë¬ë¼ê³
ì구íë©° ìê·ëª¨ ì¸í°ë· ìë¹ì¤ ê³µê¸ìë¤ì ìííìµëë¤.
ê·¸ë¤ ëë¶ë¶ì ìì¡ ë¹ì©ì
+ë§í©ëë¤.)ê° ëª¨ë ì¬ì©ì를 ê°ìí ì ìê² í´ ë¬ë¼ê³
ì구íë©° ìê·ëª¨ ì¸í°ë· ìë¹ì¤ ê³µê¸ìë¤ì ìííìµëë¤.
ê·¸ë¤ ëë¶ë¶ì ìì¡ ë¹ì©ì
ê°ë¹í ì ìì´ êµ´ë³µíê³ ë§ììµëë¤. ë¨ì§ íëì ì
ì²´ì¸,
ìºë¦¬í¬ëì ì¤í´ëëì ìì¹í Community ConneXionì´ ì구를
-ê±°ë¶íì§ë§ ì¤ì ë¡ ìì¡ì ë¹íìµëë¤. SPAë íì ìì¡ì
ì·¨ííì§ë§, DMCAê° ìíë íì ê·¸ë¤ì ìíë ê¶íì ê°ê²
ëììµëë¤.</p>
+ê±°ë¶íì¬, ì¤ì ë¡ ìì¡ì ë¹íìµëë¤. SPAë íì ìì¡ì
ì·¨ííì§ë§, DMCAê° ìíë íì ê·¸ë¤ì ìíë ê¶íì ê°ê²
ëììµëë¤.</p>
<p>
SPAì 경찰과 ê°ì ìí ì ì´ì ì¬ë¬´ì© ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì°í©(BSA,
Business Software Alliance)ì ê²ì¼ë¡
ëì²´ëììµëë¤. BSAë íì¬ ê³µìì ì¸ ê²½ì°°ë ¥ì ê°ê³ ìì§
ìì§ë§, ë¹ê³µìì ì¼ë¡ë ê·¸ì ê°ì´ íëíê³ ììµëë¤.
ê·¸ë¤ì´ ì¬ì©íë ë°©ìì
ì´ì ì ìë ¨ ì°ë°©ì ì°ììíµëë¤. ê·¸ë¤ì ì¬ëë¤ë¡
íì¬ê¸ ìì ì ëë£ì ì¹êµ¬ë¤ì ê³ ë°íëë¡ ë¶ì¶ê¹ëë¤.
ì르í¨í°ëìì 2001ë
ì ë²ì¸
-ê·¸ë¤ì ëì°í ìº íì¸ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê³µì íë ì¬ëì
ì±ííë¹í ê²ì´ë¼ë ìê·¼í ê°ì¶°ì§ íë°ì´ììµëë¤.</p>
+ê·¸ë¤ì ëì°í ìº íì¸ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê³µì íë ì¬ëì
ê°ì¥ìì ì±ííì ë¹í ìë ìë¤ë ìê·¼í ê°ì¶°ì§
íë°ì´ììµëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="reduced-width">
<p>
ì´ì¼ê¸°ì 본문ìì ë¬ì¬ë ëíì ë³´ì ì ì±
ì ì§ì´ë¸
ì´ì¼ê¸°ê° ìëëë¤. ì를 ë¤ë©´, ìì¹´ê³ ì§ìì ìì¹í í
ëíì ì»´í¨í°ìë ë¡ê·¸ì¸í
ë ë¤ìê³¼ ê°ì ë©ìì§ê° ì¶ë ¥ë©ëë¤.</p>
@@ -213,33 +306,49 @@
<p>
ì´ê²ì ë¯¸êµ ìì íë² ì 4ì¡°ì ëí 무ì²ì´ë í¥ë¯¸ìë ì
ê·¼ ë°©ìì´ë¼ê³ í ì ììµëë¤. ìëíë©´ 모ë ì¬ëì´
íë²ìì ê¶ë¦¬ë¥¼ ì¬ì ì
í¬ê¸°íëë° ëìíëë¡ ê°ì íê³ ì기 ë문ì
ëë¤.</p>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
<h3 id="BadNews">ëì ììë¤</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
ì½ì ê¶ë¦¬ë¥¼ ìí ì¸ìì ìì§ ì§í ì¤ì
ëë¤. ì ì
ì¡°ì§ëì´ ìì§ë§, ì°ë¦¬ë ê·¸ë ì§ ììµëë¤. ê·¸ëì
ì°ë¦¬ìê² ë¶ë¦¬í´ì ¸ ê°ëë¤. ì´ ê¸ì´
-ì²ì ë°íë ì´íì ì¼ì´ë ëì ììë¤ì ë¤ìê³¼
ê°ìµëë¤.</p>
+ì²ì ë°íë ì´íì ì¼ì´ë ëì ììë¤ì ë¤ìê³¼
ê°ìµëë¤.
+</p>
+
+<p>ì¤ëë ìì
ì© ì ì ìì <a
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> ë
ìì ì íµì ìì 를
+íì§í©ëë¤ </a>. “Amazon Swindle”ì Amazonì ì ì ì±
리ëë¡, ë
ìì ì íµì ì¸ ìì 를
+ë¹¼ì기 ìí´ ê³ ì ëìê³ , <a
href="/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html">ì¤ì°ë¦¬ì
+기ë¥</a>ì¼ë¡ ìê°ë ë¤ìí ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¤ì ìí´ ì¤íë기
ë문ì, íìê° ë¶ë¥´ë ì´ë¦ì
ëë¤.</p>
<ul>
-<li>ì¤ëë ì ìì
ì ìì±
ì <a
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">ë
ìë¤ì ì íµì ì¸ ìì 를
-ë¹¼ìì ê°ëë¤.</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse">ë구ìê²ë
ì±
ì ë¹ë ¤ì£¼ì§ ìê² ë¤ë
-ê³ì½</a>ì ìëª
í´ì¼ë§ ì ê·¼í ì ìë <a
-href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html">ì물 êµê³¼ì
ì¹ ì¬ì´í¸</a>ê°
-ìëë°, ì¶íì¬ë ë§ìëë¡ ê³ì½ì í´ì í ì ììµëë¤.</li>
-<li><a
-href="http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151">ì
ì
-ì¶í:</a> ì ìì ííë¡ ì±
ì ë°°í¬íë ê²ê³¼ ë³µì 물ì ì½ì
ê¶ë¦¬ì ìí¥ì 주ë ì ìê¶ ë¬¸ì ì ê´í 기ì¬ê°
ììµëë¤.</li>
-<li><a
-href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx">ì»´í¨í°
-ìì ì±
:</a> PCì ìë ì±
ê³¼ 문ì를 ëê° ì½ì ì ìë ì§
íµì íë ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì ê´í ê¸ì
ëë¤.</li>
+<li><p>ì¬ì©ìê° ì½ë ì±
ê³¼ ì½ì íì´ì§ì ëí ì 보를 ìºë
ëë¤. ì¬ì©ì°¨ê° ì´ë¤ ì±
ì ì´ë¤ íì´ì§ë¥¼ ì½ê³ ìëì§, ì´ë¤
문구를 ê°ì¡° íì í´
+ëëì§ì, ì¬ì©ìê° ì
ë ¥í ë©ëª¨ë¥¼ ë³´ê³ í©ëë¤. </p></li>
+
+<li><p>DRMì ê°ì§ê³ ìì´ì ì¬ì©ìê° ì¬ë³¸ì ê³µì íì§
못íëë¡ ë§ìµëë¤.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="inline-block">ìë§ì¡´ì´ ì격ì¼ë¡ ì´ë¤ ì±
ì´ë ì§ì¸
ì ìë ë°±ëì´ê° ììµëë¤. 2009ë
ìë ì¡°ì§ ì¤ì°ì´ ì´
1984ì ìì² ë¶ì ì¬ë³¸ì ìì
+íììµëë¤. </p></li>
+
+<li><p class="inline-block">ì¤ì°ë¦¬ìì ê²½ì°ê° ìëë¼ íëë¼ë,
ìë§ì¡´ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ì격ìì ë³ê²½í ì ìë ë°±ëì´ë¥¼
ê°ì§ê³ ì기 ë문ì, ë¤ë¥¸ ííì ìíì±ì
+ê°ì§ê³ ììµëë¤. </p></li>
</ul>
-<p>ëì ììì ë©ì¶ê³ ì¢ì ììì ë§ë¤ê³ ì¶ë¤ë©´
ì¡°ì§í´ì ì¸ìì¼ í©ëë¤. FSFì <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org"> Defective by Design</a> ìº íì¸ì
ììì
ëë¤. íì
-ë³´í기 ìí´ ìº íì¸ ë©ì¼ë§ 리ì¤í¸ì ê°ì
í´ ì£¼ì¸ì.
ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ ì°ë¦¬ì ì´ë 기ê¸ì ëì¸ ì ìë <a
+<p>ìë§ì¡´ì ì ì ì±
ë°°í¬ ìì ìµìì ì
ëë¤. ì¬ì©ì를
ìë³íê³ ì¬ì©ìê° ìì í ì±
ì 기ë¡í©ëë¤. ëí ì¬ì©ìë
ë¤ë¥¸ ì¬ëê³¼ ì¬ë³¸ì
+ê³µì íì§ ìëë¡ íë ë°ì¬íì ì¸ ê³ì½ì ëìí´ì¼
í©ëë¤. íìì ìì¬ì ë°ë¥¸ë¤ë©´, ê·¸ë¬í ê³ì½ì ëìí
ì´í, ê·¸ê²ì 무ìíê³ ì´ì¨ë
+ì¬ë³¸ì ê³µì íë ê²ì ëì± ëì ì¼ì
ëë¤. íì§ë§, 모ë를
ìí´ìë ì´ë¬í ê³ì½ì ëí´ ì ëë¡ ëìíì§ ììì¼
í©ëë¤. ê·¸ë 기ì íìë
+ìíí¸ì¨ì´, ì ì ìì , ìì
ëë ë¤ë¥¸ ì´ë¤ ê²ì
ëí´ìë ì´ë¬í ê³ì½ì ëìíì§ ììµëë¤.</p>
+
+<p>ëì ììì ë©ì¶ê³ ì¢ì ììì ë§ë¤ê³ ì¶ë¤ë©´
ì¡°ì§ì¼ë¡ ë§ì ëê°ì¼ í©ëë¤. FSFì <a
+href="http://defectivebydesign.org"> Defective by Design</a> ìº íì¸ì
ì°¸ì¬í´
+주ììì¤. íì ë³´í기 ìí´ ìº íì¸ ë©ì¼ë§ 리ì¤í¸ì ê°ì
í´ ì£¼ì¸ì. ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ ì°ë¦¬ì ì´ë 기ê¸ì ëì¸ ì ìë <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/associate">FSF íìíì</a>ì ê°ì
í´
주ì¸ì.
</p>
+</div>
<h3 id="References">ì°¸ê³ ìë£</h3>
@@ -261,23 +370,25 @@
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html">Public
Data or Private Data</a>, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. </li>
- <li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/">Union for the Public Domain</a>:
-ì ìê¶ê³¼ í¹íì ì§ëì¹ íëì ë°ëíê³ ì´ë¥¼ ëë리ë
ê²ì 목ì ì¼ë¡ íë ë¨ì²´.</li>
+ <li><a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.org/">Union
+for the Public Domain</a>: ì ìê¶ê³¼ í¹íì ì§ëì¹ íëì
ë°ëíê³ ì´ë¥¼ ëë리ë ê²ì 목ì ì¼ë¡ íë ë¨ì²´.</li>
</ul>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">ì´ ê¸ì ‘<a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/">ìì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´, ìì
-ì¬í: 리ì²ì¤ M. ì¤í¨ë¨¼ ì ìì ì§</a>’ì í¬í¨ëì´
ì¶íëììµëë¤.</p></blockquote>
-
-<h5>ì½ì´ì¼ í ë¤ë¥¸ ê¸ë¤</h5>
+<h4>ì½ì´ì¼ í ë¤ë¥¸ ê¸ë¤</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">GNU íë¡ì í¸ì ì²
í</a></li>
<li><a
-href="http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No"
+href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2596679/networking/copy-protection--just-say-no.html"
id="COPYPROCTECTION">ë³µì ë°©ì§: ê·¸ë¥ ì«ì´</a>, Computer World.</li>
</ul>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="thin" />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">ì´ ê¸ì ‘<a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/">ìì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´, ìì
+ì¬í: 리ì²ì¤ M. ì¤í¨ë¨¼ ì ìì ì§</a>’ì í¬í¨ëì´
ì¶íëììµëë¤.</p></blockquote>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -316,7 +427,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -330,11 +441,12 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard
+Stallman</p>
<p>ì´ íì´ì§ë <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ko">í¬ë¦¬ìì´í°ë¸
커먼ì¤
-ì ììíì-ë³ê²½ê¸ì§ 3.0 ë¯¸êµ ì´ì©íë½ì</a>ì ë°ë¼ ì´ì©í
ì ììµëë¤.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ko">í¬ë¦¬ìì´í°ë¸
커먼ì¤
+ì ììíì-ë³ê²½ê¸ì§ 4.0 êµì ì´ì©íë½ì</a>ì ë°ë¼ ì´ì©í
ì ììµëë¤.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ko.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -347,7 +459,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ìµì¢
ìì ì¼:
-$Date: 2016/07/13 17:58:28 $
+$Date: 2017/05/09 18:28:25 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/x.ko.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.ko.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- philosophy/x.ko.html 12 Feb 2016 10:10:30 -0000 1.26
+++ philosophy/x.ko.html 9 May 2017 18:28:25 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/x.ko.po">
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/x.ko.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/x.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/x.ko-diff.html"
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2015-12-14" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ko.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -17,7 +12,6 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ko.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ko.html" -->
<h2>X ìëì° ìì¤í
ì í¨ì </h2>
<p>
@@ -34,7 +28,7 @@
href="/philosophy/bsd.html">BSD ë¼ì´ì ì¤</a>ì ê°ì ë¹ ì¹´í¼ë íí¸
ë¼ì´ì ì¤ë ì´ë¤ ì¬ëì´ ì¬ë¬ë¶ì ì ì물ì
ë¤ë¥¸ ì¬ëìê² ì ì½ì ê°íë ì©ëë¡ íì©í ì§ë¼ë
ë°°í¬ì ì íì ëì´ìë ìëë¤ë ìê°ì ë°íì ëê³
ììµëë¤. ë¹ ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ ë¼ì´ì ì¤ê°
ì못ë ê²ì ìëì§ë§, 거기ìë ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê³ ì¹ê³
ì¬ë°°í¬í ì ìë ìì 를 ì ê·¹ì ì¼ë¡ ë³´í¸í ì ìë
ì¡°ê±´ì´ ë¹ ì ¸ ììµëë¤. ê·¸ëì
-ì°ë¦¬ìê²ë ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ê° íìí©ëë¤. </p>
+ì°ë¦¬ìê²ë ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ê° íìí©ëë¤.</p>
<p>
ì¤ë ìê°ëì X 컨ìììì ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ì 주ë
ê²½ììììµëë¤. ê·¸ë¤ì ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ê°ë°ìë¤ì´
ê·¸ë¤ì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íëê²ì
@@ -156,7 +150,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -170,11 +164,11 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2009 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2009, 2015 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>ì´ íì´ì§ë <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ko">í¬ë¦¬ìì´í°ë¸
커먼ì¤
-ì ììíì-ë³ê²½ê¸ì§ 3.0 ë¯¸êµ ì´ì©íë½ì</a>ì ë°ë¼ ì´ì©í
ì ììµëë¤.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/us/deed.ko">í¬ë¦¬ìì´í°ë¸
커먼ì¤
+ì ììíì-ë³ê²½ê¸ì§ 4.0 ë¯¸êµ ì´ì©íë½ì</a>ì ë°ë¼ ì´ì©í
ì ììµëë¤.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ko.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -189,7 +183,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ìµì¢
ìì ì¼:
-$Date: 2016/02/12 10:10:30 $
+$Date: 2017/05/09 18:28:25 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko-en.html 12 Jul 2014 12:59:26 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko-en.html 9 May 2017 18:28:25 -0000
1.3
@@ -1,29 +1,62 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
<title>The Right to Read
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+.info {
+ margin: 0 0 1.5em;
+}
+.announcement {
+ text-align: center;
+ margin: 2em 3%;
+ background: #f5f5f5;
+ border-right: .3em solid #fc7;
+}
+#AuthorsNote ul, #AuthorsNote li {
+ margin: 0;
+}
+#AuthorsNote li p {
+ margin-top: 1em;
+}
+#AuthorsNote li p.emph-box {
+ margin: .5em 3%;
+ background: #f7f7f7;
+ border-color: #e74c3c;
+}
address@hidden (min-width: 53em) {
+ .announcement {
+ width: 75%;
+ margin: 2em auto;
+ }
+ #AuthorsNote .columns > p:first-child,
+ #AuthorsNote li p.inline-block {
+ margin-top: 0;
+ }
+ #AuthorsNote .columns p.emph-box {
+ margin: .5em 6%;
+ }
+}
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>The Right to Read</h2>
+<h2 class="center">The Right to Read</h2>
-<p>
+<p class="byline center">
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<blockquote class="note">
-<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our mailing list
about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p>
+<p class="center">
<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
-of <strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number
+of <cite>Communications of the ACM</cite> (Volume 40, Number
2).</em></p>
+<hr class="thin" />
-<blockquote><p>
+<div class="article">
+<blockquote class="info center"><p>
From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of
articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
</p></blockquote>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa
Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless
@@ -59,7 +92,10 @@
fees went to the researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for
an academic career, he could hope that his own research papers, if
frequently referenced, would bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the
library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to
@@ -101,9 +137,12 @@
the turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like
debuggers—you could not install one if you had one, without
knowing your computer's root password. And neither
-the <abbr title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr> nor
+the FBI nor
Microsoft Support would tell you that.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he
couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to
@@ -140,7 +179,10 @@
using computers. Previously, universities maintained a different
approach to student discipline; they punished activities that were
harmful, not those that merely raised suspicion.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to
their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been
@@ -150,77 +192,130 @@
to Luna, where they found others who had likewise gravitated away from
the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the
universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote>
+<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our mailing list
about the dangers of e-books</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
-<h3 id="AuthorsNote">Author's Note</h3>
-
-<p>[This note has been updated several times since the first
-publication of the story.]</p>
+<div id="AuthorsNote">
+<h3>Author's Notes</h3>
-<p>
-The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may
-take 50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most
-of the specific laws and practices described above have already been
-proposed; many have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In
-the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal
-basis to restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and
-other works as well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions
-in a 2001 copyright directive. In France, under the DADVSI law
-adopted in 2006, mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free program
-to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
-
-<p>
-In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
-SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory
-copy-restriction facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following
-the Clipper chip and similar US government key-escrow proposals, this
-shows a long-term trend: computer systems are increasingly set up to
-give absentees with clout control over the people actually using the
-computer system. The SSSCA was later renamed to the unpronounceable
-CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don't Try
-Programming Act”.
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p>This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in
+the future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a
+repressive society shaped by the unjust forces that use “pirate” as
+propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society.
+I have tried to project it forwards into something more visibly
+oppressive. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">“Piracy”</a>.
</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
-<p>
-The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter.
-They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
-press these proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control,
-the danger is once again higher.</p>
-
-<p>
-In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of
-the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in
-the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called free
-trade treaties, which are actually designed to give business
-increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the
-DMCA is typical of this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by
-Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and
-others.</p>
-
-<p>
-Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such
-as Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade”
-agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through another
-treaty, CAFTA. Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a
-“free trade” agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador
-had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003.</p>
+<li>
+<div class="reduced-width">
+<p>Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other
+kinds of published works) are known as DRM, short for
+“Digital Restrictions Management”. To
+eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has
+established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">Defective by
+Design</a> campaign. We ask for your support.</p>
+
+<p>The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a separate organization not
+related to the Free Software Foundation, also campaigns against
+DRM.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<blockquote class="info center">
+<p>The following note has been updated several times since the first
+publication of the story.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p>
+The battle for the right to read is already being fought. Although it
+may take 50 years for our past freedoms to fade into obscurity, most
+of the specific repressive laws and practices described above have
+already been proposed; some have been enacted into law in the US and
+elsewhere. In the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act
+(DMCA) gave explicit government backing to the
+computer-enforced restrictions known as DRM, by making the
+distribution of programs that can break DRM a crime. The European
+Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive, in a
+form not quite as strong.</p>
+
+<p>
+The US campaigns to impose such rules on the rest of the world through
+so-called “free trade” treaties.
+<a href="https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html">
+Business-supremacy treaties</a> is a more fitting term for them, since
+they are designed to give business dominion over nominally democratic
+states. The DMCA's policy of criminalizing programs that
+break DRM is one of many unjust policies that these treaties impose
+across a wide range of fields.</p>
+
+<p>
+The US has imposed DMCA requirements on Australia, Panama, Colombia
+and South Korea through bilateral agreements, and on countries such as
+Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA. Obama has escalated the
+campaign with two new proposed treaties, the TPP and the TTIP. The
+TPP would impose the DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12
+countries on the Pacific Ocean. The TTIP would impose similar
+strictures on Europe. All these treaties must be defeated, or
+abolished.</p>
+
+<p>
+Even the World Wide Web Consortium has fallen under the shadow of the
+copyright industry; it is on the verge of approving a DRM system as an
+official part of the web specifications.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
+<p class="emph-box">
+Nonfree software tends to have <a href="/proprietary/">abusive
+features of many kinds</a>, which lead to the conclusion that
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">you can
+never trust a nonfree program</a>. We must insist on free (libre)
+software only, and reject nonfree programs.</p>
+
+<p class="inline-block">
+With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door:
+Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software
+“upgrades,” even if users consider them rather to be
+downgrades. It can also order all machines running Vista to refuse to
+run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's clampdown on
+users was to impose DRM that users can't overcome. Of course, Windows
+10 is no better</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
-This is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the
+This is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep the
root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have
them.</p>
<p>
-The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as
-“trusted computing” and “Palladium”. We call
-it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
-computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
-companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
-implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
-Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar. In this scheme,
-it is the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but
-the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it.</p>
+The proponents of this scheme gave early versions names such as
+“trusted computing” and “Palladium”, but as
+ultimately put into use, it is called “secure boot”.</p>
<p>
What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
@@ -228,35 +323,48 @@
signature and encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored
in your computer. This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web
sites that cooperate with Microsoft, the ultimate control over what
-the user can do on his own computer.</p>
+the user can do on per own computer. Microsoft is likely to use that
+control on behalf of the FBI when asked: it
+already <a href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">shows
+the NSA security bugs in Windows</a> to exploit.</p>
+
+<p>
+Secure boot can be implemented in a way that permits the user to
+specify the signature key and decide what software to sign. In
+practice, PCs designed for Windows 10 carry only Microsoft's key, and
+whether the machine's owner can install any other system (such as
+GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's control. We call this <em>restricted
+boot</em>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
-Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft
-can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running
-Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of
-Vista's many restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions
-Management) that users can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we
-have established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">
-Defective by Design</a> campaign.</p>
-
-<p>
-When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small
-Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor
-all users. Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot
-afford to fight back in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in
-Oakland, California, refused the demand and was actually sued. The
-SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained the DMCA, which gave them the
-power they sought.</p>
-
-<p>
-The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association,
-has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business
-Software Alliance. The BSA is not, today, an official police force;
-unofficially, it acts like one. Using methods reminiscent of the
-erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform on their coworkers
-and friends. A BSA terror campaign in Argentina in 2001 made
-slightly veiled threats that people sharing software would be raped.</p>
+In 1997, when this story was first published, the SPA was
+threatening small Internet service providers, demanding they permit
+the SPA to monitor all users. Most ISPs surrendered when
+threatened, because they could not afford to fight back in court. One
+ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the demand
+and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit,
+but the DMCA gave it the power it sought.</p>
+
+<p>
+The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers
+Association, has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business
+Software Alliance. The BSA is not, today, an official
+police force; unofficially, it acts like one. Using methods
+reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform
+on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in
+Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing
+software would be raped in prison.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<div class="reduced-width">
<p>
The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this
@@ -278,39 +386,64 @@
<p>
This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most
everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it.</p>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
<h3 id="BadNews">Bad News</h3>
+<div class="columns">
<p>
-The battle for the right to read is already in progress,
-The enemy is organized, while we are not, so it is going against us.
-Here are articles about bad things that have happened since the
-original publication of this article.</p>
+The battle for the right to read is going against us so far.
+The enemy is organized, and we are not.
+</p>
+
+<p>Today's commercial
+e-books <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> abolish
+readers' traditional freedoms</a>. Amazon's e-book reader product,
+which I call the “Amazon Swindle” because it's designed to
+swindle readers out of the traditional freedoms of readers of books,
+is run by software with several
+demonstrated <a href="/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html">Orwellian
+functionalities</a>. Any one of them calls for rejecting the product
+completely:</p>
<ul>
-<li>Today's commercial ebooks <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">
- abolish readers' traditional freedoms.</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html">
- A "biology textbook" web site</a> that you can access only by signing
- a <a href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse">
- contract not to lend it to anyone else</a>, which the publisher can
- revoke at will.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151">Electronic
- Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in
- electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read
- a copy.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx">Books
- inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read
- books and documents on a PC.</li>
+<li><p>It spies on everything the user does: it reports which book the
+user is reading, and which page, and it reports when the user highlights
+text, and any notes the user enters.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>It has DRM, which is intended to block users from
+sharing copies.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="inline-block">It has a back door with which Amazon can remotely
erase any book.
+In 2009, it erased thousands of copies of 1984, by George Orwell.</p></li>
+
+<li><p class="inline-block">In case all that isn't Orwellian enough, there is
a universal
+back door with which Amazon can remotely change the software, and
+introduce any other form of nastiness.</p></li>
</ul>
+<p>Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too. It identifies the
+user and records what books the user obtains. It also requires users
+to agree to an antisocial contract that they won't share copies with
+others. My conscience tells me that, if I had agreed to such a
+contract, the lesser evil would be to defy it and share copies anyway;
+however, to be entirely good, I should not agree to it in the first
+place. Therefore, I refuse to agree to such contracts, whether for
+software, for e-books, for music, or for anything else.</p>
+
<p>If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
-to organize and fight. The
+to organize and fight. Subscribe to the
FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org"> Defective by Design</a>
-campaign has made a start — subscribe to the campaign's mailing
-list to lend a hand. And <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate">join
-the FSF</a> to help fund our work.
+campaign to lend a hand. You
+can <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate">join the FSF</a> to support
+our work more generally. There is also a <a href="/help/help.html">list of
ways
+to participate in our work</a>.
</p>
+</div>
<h3 id="References">References</h3>
@@ -331,26 +464,27 @@
<li><a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html">Public
Data or Private Data</a>,
Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. </li>
- <li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/">Union for the Public
+ <li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.org/">Union
for the Public
Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and
reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
</ul>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
-Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
-
-<h5>Other Texts to Read</h5>
+<h4>Other Texts to Read</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy of the
GNU Project</a></li>
- <li><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No"
- id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
- Published in Computer World.</li>
+ <li><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2596679/networking/copy-protection--just-say-no.html"
+ id="copy-protection">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
+ published in Computer World.</li>
</ul>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="thin" />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -384,7 +518,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -399,17 +533,17 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/07/12 12:59:26 $
+$Date: 2017/05/09 18:28:25 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko.po,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko.po 9 May 2017 18:17:43 -0000 1.53
+++ philosophy/po/right-to-read.ko.po 9 May 2017 18:28:25 -0000 1.54
@@ -591,8 +591,8 @@
"for rejecting the product completely:"
msgstr ""
"ì¤ëë ìì
ì© ì ì ìì <a
href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\"> ë
"
-"ìì ì íµì ìì 를 íì§í©ëë¤ </a>. “Amazon
Swindle”ì Amazonì ì "
-"ì ì±
리ëë¡, ë
ìì ì íµì ì¸ ìì 를 ë¹¼ì기 ìí´ ê³ ì
ëìê³ , <a href=\"/"
+"ìì ì íµì ìì 를 íì§í©ëë¤ </a>. “Amazon
Swindle”ì Amazonì "
+"ì ì ì±
리ëë¡, ë
ìì ì íµì ì¸ ìì 를 ë¹¼ì기 ìí´ ê³
ì ëìê³ , <a href=\"/"
"proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html\">ì¤ì°ë¦¬ì 기ë¥</a>ì¼ë¡
ìê°ë ë¤ì"
"í ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¤ì ìí´ ì¤íë기 ë문ì, íìê° ë¶ë¥´ë
ì´ë¦ì
ëë¤."
Index: philosophy/po/x.ko-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/x.ko-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/po/x.ko-en.html 12 Jul 2014 12:59:35 -0000 1.18
+++ philosophy/po/x.ko-en.html 9 May 2017 18:28:25 -0000 1.19
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<p>
Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
-<a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
+<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -201,17 +201,17 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2009 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2009, 2015 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/07/12 12:59:35 $
+$Date: 2017/05/09 18:28:25 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/x.ko.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/x.ko.po,v
retrieving revision 1.15
retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- philosophy/po/x.ko.po 9 May 2017 15:25:14 -0000 1.15
+++ philosophy/po/x.ko.po 9 May 2017 18:28:25 -0000 1.16
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2015-12-14 09:56+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.7.1\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: server/body-include-2.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/body-include-2.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.120
retrieving revision 1.121
diff -u -b -r1.120 -r1.121
--- server/body-include-2.fr.html 9 May 2017 12:29:03 -0000 1.120
+++ server/body-include-2.fr.html 9 May 2017 18:28:26 -0000 1.121
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
background: #ececec;
border-top: .2em solid #e74c3c;
border-bottom: .2em solid #e74c3c">
-<span dir="ltr">Meet the GNU Hackers at <a
+<span dir="ltr">Rencontrez les Hackers GNU au <a
href="/ghm/upcoming.html">GHM 2017</a>
-• August 25–27 • <strong><a
-href="/ghm/register.html">Register Now!</a></strong> </span>
+• 25–27 août • <strong><a
+href="/ghm/register.html">Inscrivez-vous !</a></strong> </span>
</p>
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