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www gnu/po/gnu-history.id.po gnu/po/thegnuproje...
|
From: |
Therese Godefroy |
|
Subject: |
www gnu/po/gnu-history.id.po gnu/po/thegnuproje... |
|
Date: |
Thu, 8 Dec 2016 16:23:12 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Therese Godefroy <th_g> 16/12/08 16:23:12
Added files:
gnu/po : gnu-history.id.po thegnuproject.id.po
licenses/po : bsd.id.po copyleft.id.po why-not-lgpl.id.po
philosophy/po : categories.id.po free-doc.id.po
freedom-or-power.id.po free-sw.id.po
gnutella.id.po netscape-npl.id.po
pragmatic.id.po selling.id.po
shouldbefree.id.po why-free.id.po x.id.po
testimonials/po: testimonials.id.po
Log message:
GNUNify + partial trivial update.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/bsd.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/copyleft.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/why-not-lgpl.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gnutella.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/testimonials/po/testimonials.id.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: gnu/po/gnu-history.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/gnu-history.id.po
diff -N gnu/po/gnu-history.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/gnu-history.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:10 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-history.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gnu/gnu-history.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-12-04 18:23+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2003-02-07 13:15+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Overview of the GNU System - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Sekilas Sistem GNU - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, Proyek GNU, FSF, Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Free Software Foundation, "
+"Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Sejarah"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Overview of the GNU System"
+msgstr "Sekilas Sistem GNU"
+
+# | The GNU [-Project has developed-] {+operating system is+} a complete free
+# | software [-system named “GNU” (GNU's Not Unix) that is
+# | upwardly compatible-] {+system, upward-compatible+} with Unix. {+GNU
+# | stands for “GNU's Not Unix”.+} <a
+# | href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard [-Stallman</a>'s initial
+# | document on-] {+Stallman</a> made the <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\">Initial Announcement</a> of+} the
+# | GNU Project [-is-] {+in September 1983. A longer version+} called the <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html\">GNU [-Manifesto</a>, which-] {+Manifesto</a>
+# | was published in March 1985. It+} has been translated into several <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html#translations\">other languages</a>. [-We also
+# | have the <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\">Initial
+# | Announcement</a> of the GNU Project, written in 1983.-]
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU Project has developed a complete free software system named "
+#| "“GNU” (GNU's Not Unix) that is upwardly compatible with "
+#| "Unix. <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s "
+#| "initial document on the GNU Project is called the <a href=\"/gnu/"
+#| "manifesto.html\">GNU Manifesto</a>, which has been translated into "
+#| "several <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html#translations\">other languages</"
+#| "a>. We also have the <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\">Initial "
+#| "Announcement</a> of the GNU Project, written in 1983."
+msgid ""
+"The GNU operating system is a complete free software system, upward-"
+"compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix”. <a href="
+"\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> made the <a href=\"/gnu/"
+"initial-announcement.html\">Initial Announcement</a> of the GNU Project in "
+"September 1983. A longer version called the <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html"
+"\">GNU Manifesto</a> was published in March 1985. It has been translated "
+"into several <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html#translations\">other languages</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Proyek GNU telah mengembangkan sebuah sistem perangkat lunak bebas lengkap "
+"yaitu “GNU” (GNU's Not Unix, GNU bukan Unix) yang kompatibel "
+"dengan Unix. <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> "
+"menulis dokumen pertama dari proyek ini yaitu <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html"
+"\">Manifesto GNU</a>, yang telah diterjemahkan ke <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto."
+"html#translations\">berbagai bahasa lain</a>. <a href=\"/gnu/initial-"
+"announcement.html\">Pengumuman pertama</a> perihal proyek ini ditulis pada "
+"tahun 1983."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few requirements; "
+"first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”, second, "
+"because it was a real word, and third, it was fun to say (or <a href="
+"\"http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html\";>Sing</a>)."
+msgstr ""
+
+# | The word “free” [-above-] {+in “free software”+}
+# | pertains to <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">freedom</a>, not price.
+# | You may or may not pay a price to get GNU software. Either way, once you
+# | have the software you have four specific freedoms in using it. The
+# | freedom to run the program as you wish; the freedom to copy the program
+# | and give it away to your friends and co-workers; the freedom to change the
+# | program as you wish, by having full access to source code; the freedom to
+# | distribute an improved version and thus help build the community. (If you
+# | redistribute GNU software, you may charge a fee for the physical act of
+# | transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.)
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The word “free” above pertains to <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+#| "sw.html\">freedom</a>, not price. You may or may not pay a price to get "
+#| "GNU software. Either way, once you have the software you have four "
+#| "specific freedoms in using it. The freedom to run the program as you "
+#| "wish; the freedom to copy the program and give it away to your friends "
+#| "and co-workers; the freedom to change the program as you wish, by having "
+#| "full access to source code; the freedom to distribute an improved version "
+#| "and thus help build the community. (If you redistribute GNU software, "
+#| "you may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, or you "
+#| "may give away copies.)"
+msgid ""
+"The word “free” in “free software” pertains to <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">freedom</a>, not price. You may or may "
+"not pay a price to get GNU software. Either way, once you have the software "
+"you have four specific freedoms in using it. The freedom to run the program "
+"as you wish; the freedom to copy the program and give it away to your "
+"friends and co-workers; the freedom to change the program as you wish, by "
+"having full access to source code; the freedom to distribute an improved "
+"version and thus help build the community. (If you redistribute GNU "
+"software, you may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, "
+"or you may give away copies.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Kata “bebas” di atas menyangkut pengertian <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"free-sw.html\">kebebasan</a>, dan bukan bebas tidak membayar. Anda mungkin "
+"perlu atau pun tidak perlu membayar, untuk mendapatkan perangkat lunak GNU. "
+"Dengan cara yang mana pun, setelah memiliki perangkat lunak tersebut, anda "
+"mendapatkan empat jenis kebebasan dalam menggunakannya. Kebebasan untuk "
+"menjalankan programnya sesuai dengan keinginan anda. Kebebasan untuk "
+"menggandakan program tersebut serta memberikannya ke teman atau sejawat "
+"anda. Kebebasan untuk merubah <i>source code</i> program sesuai dengan "
+"keinginan anda. Kebebasan untuk mendistribusikan dan versi perbaikan, "
+"sehingga ikut membantu pembangunan masyarakat (Jika anda kita "
+"mendistribusikan ulang perangkat lunak GNU, anda dapat meminta biaya "
+"duplikasi, atau juga dapat memberikan secara cuma-cuma)."
+
+# | The {+project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU
+# | Project”. The+} GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of
+# | bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing
+# | community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by
+# | removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of proprietary
+# | software.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of bringing back the "
+#| "cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing community in earlier "
+#| "days—to make cooperation possible once again by removing the "
+#| "obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of proprietary software."
+msgid ""
+"The project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU "
+"Project”. The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of bringing "
+"back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing community in "
+"earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by removing the "
+"obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+"Proyek GNU dicanangkan pada tahun 1983 sebagai cara untuk mengembalikan "
+"semangat gotong-royong masyarakat pengguna komputer pada zaman permulaan "
+"adanya komputer—agar kerja-sama dimungkinkan kembali setelah timbul "
+"usaha untuk menjadikan perangkat lunak sebagai milik perusahaan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In 1971, when Richard Stallman started his career at MIT, he worked in a "
+"group which used <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> "
+"exclusively. Even computer companies often distributed free software. "
+"Programmers were free to cooperate with each other, and often did."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada tahun 1971, ketika Richard Stallman memulai karirnya di MIT, ia bekerja "
+"dalam grup yang sepenuhnya menggunakan <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">perangkat lunak bebas</a>. Pada saat tersebut, bahkan perusahaan "
+"komputer pun sering mendistribusikan perangkat lunak bebas. Para programer "
+"pun dapat dan sering secara bebas untuk saling bekerja sama."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By the 1980s, almost all software was <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a>, which means that it had owners "
+"who forbid and prevent cooperation by users. This made the GNU Project "
+"necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada tahun 1980-an, hampir semua perangkat lunak telah <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">berpemilik</a>, yang artinya ada "
+"pemilik perangkat lunak yang melarang dan mencegah kerjasama antara para "
+"pengguna. Hal inilah yang mencetuskan dimulainya proyek GNU."
+
+# | Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free
+# | operating system, then you can't even get started using a computer without
+# | resorting to proprietary software. So the first item on the free software
+# | agenda [-is-] {+obviously had to be+} a free operating system.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free "
+#| "operating system, then you can't even get started using a computer "
+#| "without resorting to proprietary software. So the first item on the free "
+#| "software agenda is a free operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free operating "
+"system, then you can't even get started using a computer without resorting "
+"to proprietary software. So the first item on the free software agenda "
+"obviously had to be a free operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"Setiap komputer dari pengguna memerlukan sistem operasi; jika tidak ada "
+"sistem operasi yang bebas, maka kita tidak dapat memulai menggunakan "
+"komputer tanpa meminta ijin dahulu kepada pemilik perangkat lunak tersebut. "
+"Maka dari itu, perangkat lunak bebas pertama yang diagendakan adalah sistem "
+"operasi bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We decided to make the operating system compatible with Unix because the "
+"overall design was already proven and portable, and because compatibility "
+"makes it easy for Unix users to switch from Unix to GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"Kita memutuskan untuk membuat sistem operasi yang kompatibel dengan Unix, "
+"karena desainnya secara umum telah terbukti, portable, dan karena adanya "
+"kompatibilitas yang membuatnya mudah bagi pengguna Unix untuk berganti ke "
+"GNU."
+
+# | [-An-]{+A Unix-like+} operating system [-is not just a kernel; it also-]
+# | includes {+a kernel,+} compilers, editors, text formatters, mail software,
+# | {+graphical interfaces, libraries, games+} and many other things. Thus,
+# | writing a whole operating system is a very large job. [-It took many
+# | years.-] {+We started in January 1984. The <a href=\"http://fsf.org/\";>
+# | Free Software Foundation</a> was founded in October 1985, initially to
+# | raise funds to help develop GNU.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An operating system is not just a kernel; it also includes compilers, "
+#| "editors, text formatters, mail software, and many other things. Thus, "
+#| "writing a whole operating system is a very large job. It took many years."
+msgid ""
+"A Unix-like operating system includes a kernel, compilers, editors, text "
+"formatters, mail software, graphical interfaces, libraries, games and many "
+"other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a very large job. "
+"We started in January 1984. The <a href=\"http://fsf.org/\";> Free Software "
+"Foundation</a> was founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help "
+"develop GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"Sistem operasi bukanlah hanya kernel, tapi juga mencakup kompilator, editor, "
+"pemformat teks, perangkat lunak pengirim surat, dan lain sebagainya. Oleh "
+"karena itu memprogram sistem operasi merupakan pekerjaan yang sangat besar, "
+"yang membutuhkan waktu bertahun-tahun."
+
+# | [-The initial goal of a free Unix-like operating system has been
+# | achieved.-]By [-the 1990s,-] {+1990+} we had either found or written all
+# | the major components except one—the kernel. Then Linux, a [-free-]
+# | {+Unix-like+} kernel, was developed by Linus [-Torvalds.-] {+Torvalds in
+# | 1991 and made free software in 1992.+} Combining Linux with the
+# | almost-complete GNU system resulted in a complete operating system: [-a
+# | Linux-based GNU-] {+the GNU/Linux+} system. Estimates are that
+# | [-hundreds-] {+tens+} of [-thousands-] {+millions+} of people now use
+# | [-Linux-based GNU-] {+GNU/Linux+} systems, [-including Slackware, Debian,
+# | Red Hat, and others.-] {+typically via <a href=\"/distros\">GNU/Linux
+# | distributions</a>. The principal version of Linux now contains non-free
+# | firmware “blobs”; free software activists now maintain a
+# | modified free version of Linux, called <a
+# | href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";> Linux-libre</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The initial goal of a free Unix-like operating system has been achieved. "
+#| "By the 1990s, we had either found or written all the major components "
+#| "except one—the kernel. Then Linux, a free kernel, was developed by "
+#| "Linus Torvalds. Combining Linux with the almost-complete GNU system "
+#| "resulted in a complete operating system: a Linux-based GNU system. "
+#| "Estimates are that hundreds of thousands of people now use Linux-based "
+#| "GNU systems, including Slackware, Debian, Red Hat, and others."
+msgid ""
+"By 1990 we had either found or written all the major components except "
+"one—the kernel. Then Linux, a Unix-like kernel, was developed by "
+"Linus Torvalds in 1991 and made free software in 1992. Combining Linux with "
+"the almost-complete GNU system resulted in a complete operating system: the "
+"GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that tens of millions of people now use GNU/"
+"Linux systems, typically via <a href=\"/distros\">GNU/Linux distributions</"
+"a>. The principal version of Linux now contains non-free firmware “"
+"blobs”; free software activists now maintain a modified free version "
+"of Linux, called <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";> Linux-"
+"libre</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Tujuan awal dari sistem operasi seperti Unix yang bebas telah berhasil "
+"diperoleh. Hingga tahun 1990-an, kami telah menyelesaikan komponen-komponen "
+"utama kecuali satu—yaitu kernel. Kemudian Linux, sebuah kernel bebas, "
+"dikembangkan oleh Linus Torvald. Menggabungkan Linux dengan sistem GNU yang "
+"hampir lengkap membuahkan sebuah sistem operasi yang lengkap: sistem GNU "
+"berbasiskan Linux. Diperkirakan bahwa ratusan dari ribuan orang saat ini "
+"menggunakan sistem GNU berbasiskan Linux, termasuk Slackware, Debian, Red "
+"Hat dan lainnya."
+
+# | However, the GNU Project is not limited to {+the core+} operating
+# | system[-s-]. We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever
+# | many users want to have. This includes application software. [-We
+# | already have a spreadsheet. We hope to extend GNU Emacs into a WYSIWYG
+# | desktop publishing system over-] {+See+} the [-coming years.-] {+<a
+# | href=\"/directory\">Free Software Directory</a> for a catalogue of free
+# | software application programs.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, the GNU Project is not limited to operating systems. We aim to "
+#| "provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users want to have. "
+#| "This includes application software. We already have a spreadsheet. We "
+#| "hope to extend GNU Emacs into a WYSIWYG desktop publishing system over "
+#| "the coming years."
+msgid ""
+"However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system. We "
+"aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users want to "
+"have. This includes application software. See the <a href=\"/directory"
+"\">Free Software Directory</a> for a catalogue of free software application "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagaimana pun, kegiatan proyek GNU tidak hanya terbatas pada sistem "
+"operasi. Kami bertujuan untuk menyediakan segala ragam perangkat lunak, apa "
+"pun yang diinginkan para pengguna. Hal ini termasuk perangkat lunak "
+"aplikasi. Kita telah memiliki <i>spreadsheet</i>. Kami berharap untuk dapat "
+"memperluas GNU Emacs menjadi sistem <i>desktop publishing</i> WYSIWYG "
+"(<cite>What You See Is What You Get</cite>, Anda mendapatkan yang anda "
+"lihat) dalam beberapa tahun mendatang."
+
+# | We also want to provide software for users who are not computer experts.
+# | Therefore we [-are now working on-] {+developed+} a <a
+# | [-href=\"http://www.gnome.org/\";>drag-and-drop icon desktop</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"http://www.gnome.org/\";>graphical desktop (called GNOME)</a>+} to
+# | help beginners use the GNU system.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We also want to provide software for users who are not computer experts. "
+#| "Therefore we are now working on a <a href=\"http://www.gnome.org/\";>drag-"
+#| "and-drop icon desktop</a> to help beginners use the GNU system."
+msgid ""
+"We also want to provide software for users who are not computer experts. "
+"Therefore we developed a <a href=\"http://www.gnome.org/\";>graphical desktop "
+"(called GNOME)</a> to help beginners use the GNU system."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami juga ingin menyediakan perangkat lunak untuk pengguna yang bukan ahli "
+"komputer. Oleh karena itu, kami saat ini sedang mengerjakan <a href=\"http://";
+"www.gnome.org/\">sebuah sistem desktop <i>drag-and-drop</i></a> untuk "
+"membantu para pemula menggunakan sistem GNU."
+
+# | We also want to provide games and other recreations. [-Some-] {+Plenty
+# | of+} <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game\";>free
+# | games</a> are already available.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We also want to provide games and other recreations. Some <a href="
+#| "\"http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game\";>free games</a> are "
+#| "already available."
+msgid ""
+"We also want to provide games and other recreations. Plenty of <a href="
+"\"http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game\";>free games</a> are already "
+"available."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami juga ingin menyediakan permainan dan sarana rekreasi lainnya. Beberapa "
+"<a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game\";>permainan bebas</a> "
+"telah tersedia."
+
+# | How far can free software go? There are no limits, except when <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html\">laws such as the
+# | patent system prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to provide
+# | free software to do all of the jobs computer users want to do—and
+# | thus make proprietary software [-obsolete.-] {+a thing of the past.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "How far can free software go? There are no limits, except when <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html\">laws such as the patent "
+#| "system prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to provide free "
+#| "software to do all of the jobs computer users want to do—and thus "
+#| "make proprietary software obsolete."
+msgid ""
+"How far can free software go? There are no limits, except when <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html\">laws such as the patent system "
+"prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to provide free software "
+"to do all of the jobs computer users want to do—and thus make "
+"proprietary software a thing of the past."
+msgstr ""
+"Seberapa jauh perangkat lunak bebas dapat melangkah? Tidak ada batasan, "
+"kecuali adanya <a href=\"/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html\">hukum "
+"seperti halnya sistem paten, yang melarang perangkat lunak bebas</a>. Tujuan "
+"utama kami ialah menyediakan perangkat lunak bebas yang melakukan semua "
+"pekerjaan yang pengguna ingin lakukan, serta membuat perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik menjadi ketinggalan jaman."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, "
+"2012, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 3.0 Amerika Serikat</a> (CC BY-ND 3.0 US)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/thegnuproject.id.po
diff -N gnu/po/thegnuproject.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:10 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2554 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gnu/thegnuproject.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-12-01 06:25+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-08-26 00:34-0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Tentang Proyek GNU - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, Proyek GNU, FSF, Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Free Software Foundation, "
+"Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Sejarah"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The GNU Project"
+msgstr "Proyek GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+
+# | Originally published in the book <em>Open [-Sources</em>-] {+Sources</em>.
+# | Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.+}
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>"
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
+"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
+"from that book."
+msgstr "Semula diterbitkan dalam buku <em>Open Sources</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The first software-sharing community"
+msgstr "Masyarakat Pertama Berbagi Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
+"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
+"part of a software-sharing community that had existed for many years. "
+"Sharing of software was not limited to our particular community; it is as "
+"old as computers, just as sharing of recipes is as old as cooking. But we "
+"did it more than most."
+msgstr ""
+"Ketika mulai bekerja di <em><acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
+"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab</em> (lab AI) tahun "
+"1971, daku menjadi bagian dari sebuah masyarakat yang telah bertahun-tahun "
+"berbagi perangkat lunak. Budaya berbagi perangkat lunak ini memang tidak "
+"terbatas pada kelompok kami; namun sudah berlangsung sejak adanya "
+"komputer—serupa dengan berbagi resep makan yang berlangsung semenjak "
+"manusia memasak. Namun, kelompok kami-lah yang lebih sering melakukannya "
+"lebih dari yang lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym title="
+"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
+"Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+"written in assembler language for the Digital <acronym title=\"Programmed "
+"Data Processor\">PDP</acronym>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+"As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to "
+"improve this system."
+msgstr ""
+"Lab AI tersebut menggunakan sistem operasi <em>timesharing</em> bernama ITS "
+"(<em>the Incompatible Timesharing System</em>) yang dirancang dan ditulis "
+"oleh para <em>hacker</em> lab (1) pada mesin Digital <acronym title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</acronym>-10, salah satu komputer besar "
+"pada zaman tersebut. Sebagai anggota kelompok tersebut, <em>hacker</em> "
+"sistem lab, tugas daku ialah memperbaiki kinerja sistem."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
+"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
+"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
+"could always ask to see the source code, so that you could read it, change "
+"it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak kami tidaklah kami sebut sebagai “perangkat lunak "
+"bebas”, sebab istilah tersebut belum ada; dan pada saat itu memang "
+"semua perangkat lunak begitu. Jika ada yang dari universitas atau "
+"perusahaan lain ingin memasang dan memanfaatkan sebuah program, kami "
+"mempersembahkannya dengan senang hati. Jika melihat ada yang menggunakan "
+"program yang aneh dan menarik, anda selalu dapat meminta dan melihat kode "
+"program tersebut, sehingga dapat membacanya, merubahnya, atau meng-kanibal "
+"bagian untuk membuat sebuah program baru."
+
+# | (1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker”
+# | is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to
+# | recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to [-mean,
+# | “Someone-] {+mean someone+} who loves to [-program and-] {+program,
+# | someone who+} enjoys [-being clever about it.”-] {+playful
+# | cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my article, <a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean, "
+#| "“Someone who loves to program and enjoys being clever about it."
+#| "”"
+msgid ""
+"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
+"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
+"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
+"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
+"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Penggunaan istilah “<em>hacker</em>” yang berarti “"
+"pembobol keamanan” merupakan kekacauan ciptaan sebagian media. Kami, "
+"para <em>hacker</em> menolak penggunaan arti negatif tersebut, dan tetap "
+"menggunakan kata tersebut dengan arti, “seseorang yang senang "
+"memrogram dan menikmati kecanggihan pemrogramannya tersebut”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The collapse of the community"
+msgstr "Runtuhnya Masyarakat Tersebut"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
+"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
+"the 60s, could not extend naturally to the larger address spaces that were "
+"becoming feasible in the 80s. This meant that nearly all of the programs "
+"composing ITS were obsolete."
+msgstr ""
+"Keadaan berubah secara drastis di awal 1980an saat Digital menghentikan "
+"pembuatan seri PDP-10. Arsitekturnya sebenarnya mantap dan canggih untuk "
+"ukuran tahun 1960an, namun memiliki keterbatasan pada perluasan ruang alamat "
+"seiring dengan teknologi memori tahun 1980an. Dengan sendirinya, hampir "
+"semua program pendukung ITS menjadi kadaluarsa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
+"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
+"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
+"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+msgstr ""
+"Masyarakat <em>hacker</em> lab AI pun telah bubar sebelumnya. Tahun 1981, "
+"perusahaan <em>spin-off</em> Symbolics telah memperkerjakan hampir seluruh "
+"<em>hacker</em> dari lab AI, dan sisa penghuni lab AI tidak mampu bertahan "
+"(buku <em>Hackers</em>, karangan Steve Levy, memaparkan kejadian ini, serta "
+"memberikan gambaran jelas perihal masyarakat ini dan tujuannya). Ketika lab "
+"AI membeli PDP-10 baru (1982), pengelolanya memutuskan untuk menggunakan "
+"sistem operasi <em>time sharing</em> Digital yang tidak bebas, dari pada ITS."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
+"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
+"nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy."
+msgstr ""
+"Komputer modern pada zaman tersebut, seperti VAX dan 68020, dilengkapi "
+"dengan sistem operasi masing-masing, namun tidak satu pun merupakan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas: anda harus menandatangani perjanjian menjaga rahasia "
+"(<em>nondisclosure</em>), walau pun hanya untuk mendapatkan salinan "
+"<em>executable</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
+"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
+"by the owners of proprietary software was, “If you share with your "
+"neighbor, you are a pirate. If you want any changes, beg us to make them."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan kata lain, langkah pertama untuk menggunakan sebuah komputer ialah "
+"berjanji untuk tidak menolong sesama tetangga. Bergotong-royong pun "
+"dilarang. Aturan yang dibuat oleh para pemilik perangkat lunak ialah, “"
+"Jika anda berbagi dengan tetangga anda, maka anda merupakan pembajak. Jika "
+"anda ingin perubahan (perangkat lunak), maka anda harus mengemis kepada kami "
+"(para pemilik perangkat lunak).”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
+"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
+"that it is unethical, that it is simply wrong, may come as a surprise to "
+"some readers. But what else could we say about a system based on dividing "
+"the public and keeping users helpless? Readers who find the idea surprising "
+"may have taken the proprietary software social system as a given, or judged "
+"it on the terms suggested by proprietary software businesses. Software "
+"publishers have worked long and hard to convince people that there is only "
+"one way to look at the issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Gagasan sistem sosial perangkat lunak berpemilik—sebuah sistem yang "
+"mengatakan bahwa anda tidak diperkenankan untuk berbagi dan mengubah "
+"perangkat lunak—merupakan sistem anti-sosial, tidak etis, singkatnya "
+"salah, mungkin telah mengagetkan sebagian para pembaca. Namun, istilah apa "
+"lagi yang harus digunakan untuk sebuah sistem yang memecah-belah masyarakat "
+"serta membuat para pengguna tak berdaya? Para pembaca yang terkejut akan "
+"pandangan ini mungkin telah menganggap sistem sosial perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik sebagai fitrah, atau menilainya berdasarkan ketentuan bisnis "
+"perangkat lunak berpemilik. Para penerbit perangkat lunak berpemilik telah "
+"bekerja lama dan keras untuk meyakinkan masyarakat bahwa itu merupakan satu-"
+"satunya cara melihat masalah ini."
+
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping [-piracy”,-] {+<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,+} what
+# | they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for [-granted;-]
+# | {+granted, which+} the public is [-supposed-] {+asked+} to accept [-them
+# | uncritically. So let's-] {+without examination. Let's therefore+}
+# | examine them.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping piracy”, what they actually "
+#| "<em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these statements is in "
+#| "the unstated assumptions they take for granted; the public is supposed to "
+#| "accept them uncritically. So let's examine them."
+msgid ""
+"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
+msgstr ""
+"Ketika para penerbit perangkat lunak berbicara perihal “menegakkan "
+"hak” mereka atau “menghentikan pembajakan”, yang mereka "
+"katakan sebetulnya nomor dua. <em>Pesan yang sesungguhnya</em> dari "
+"pernyataan mereka ialah anggapan yang sudah mestinya begitu dari sananya; "
+"bahwa masyarakat seharusnya menerima anggapan tersebut tidak secara kritis. "
+"Jadi, marilah kita mencermati anggapan yang mereka gunakan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
+"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
+"a natural right, then no matter how much harm it does to the public, we "
+"could not object.) Interestingly, the US Constitution and legal tradition "
+"reject this view; copyright is not a natural right, but an artificial "
+"government-imposed monopoly that limits the users' natural right to copy."
+msgstr ""
+"Salah satu anggapan yang digunakan ialah bahwa perusahaan perangkat lunak "
+"memiliki hak dasar yang tidak perlu dipertanyakan untuk memiliki perangkat "
+"lunak, sehingga mereka berkuasa di atas segala penggunanya (dan jika ini "
+"benar, seberapa pun merusaknya, kita memang tidak dapat menentangnya). "
+"Padahal, undang-undang dasar Amrik dan tradisi hukum menolak pandangan "
+"tersebut; hak cipta bukan merupakan hak dasar, namun merupakan hak monopoli "
+"buatan pemerintah yang membatasi hak dasar para pengguna untuk melakukan "
+"penyalinan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
+"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
+"care what kind of society we are allowed to have."
+msgstr ""
+"Anggapan tak tertulis lainnya ialah bahwa satu-satunya hal yang penting pada "
+"sebuah perangkat lunak ialah perkerjaan apa yang diperbolehkan untuk "
+"dilakukan—yaitu bahwa kita para pengguna komputer seharusnya tidak "
+"peduli perihal bagaimana bentuk rupa masyarakat kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
+"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
+"company power over the users of the program. This assumption may have "
+"seemed plausible, before the free software movement demonstrated that we can "
+"make plenty of useful software without putting chains on it."
+msgstr ""
+"Anggapan ketiga ialah bahwa tidak akan tersedia perangkat lunak berguna "
+"(atau, tidak akan ada program yang dapat melakukan sebuah tugas tertentu), "
+"jika kita tidak menyerahkan kekuasaan dari para pengguna terhadap sebuah "
+"program kepada sebuah perusahaan. Anggapan ini mungkin kelihatan masuk "
+"akal, terutama sebelum gerakan perangkat lunak bebas menunjukkan bahwa kita "
+"dapat membuat banyak perangkat lunak bebas bermanfaat tanpa perlu merantai "
+"penggunanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
+"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
+"very different conclusions. Computer users should be free to modify "
+"programs to fit their needs, and free to share software, because helping "
+"other people is the basis of society."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika kita menolak anggapan tersebut, serta menilai masalah ini berdasarkan "
+"anggapan jujur dan masuk akal yang mengutamakan para pengguna, kita akan "
+"tiba pada kesimpulan yang berbeda. Para pengguna komputer seharusnya bebas "
+"untuk mengubah program sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka, serta bebas untuk "
+"berbagi perangkat lunak, sebab membantu sesama merupakan landasan dari "
+"masyarakat."
+
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page[-,-]{+s+} <a
+# | [-href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html\";>
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"http://";
+#| "www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-";
+#| "free.html</a>."
+msgid ""
+"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
+"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
+"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Penjelasan lengkap yang merupakan alasan dari kesimpulan ini, dapat diikuti "
+"di <a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-";
+"free.html</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "A stark moral choice"
+msgstr "Pilihan Nurani Penentu"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
+"faced a stark moral choice."
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan bubarnya kelompok tersebut di atas, melanjutkan seperti biasa menjadi "
+"tidak mungkin. Malahan, daku menghadapi pilihan nurani penentu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
+"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
+"likely I would also be developing software that was released under "
+"nondisclosure agreements, thus adding to the pressure on other people to "
+"betray their fellows too."
+msgstr ""
+"Pilihan termudah tentunya bergabung ke dunia perangkat lunak berpemilik, "
+"menandatangi perjanjian menjaga rahasia dan berjanji untuk tidak menolong "
+"sesama <em>hacker</em>. Besar kemungkinan, daku juga akan mengembangkan "
+"perangkat lunak yang akan diluncurkan dengan perjanjian menjaga rahasia, "
+"sehingga menambah tekanan agar yang lain turut mengkhianati rekannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
+"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
+"building walls to divide people, and feel I had spent my life making the "
+"world a worse place."
+msgstr ""
+"Daku mungkin saja mencari nafkah dengan cara ini, dan mungkin saja tetap "
+"ceria menulis program. Namun daku pula menyadari bahwa kelak menjelang akhir "
+"hayat dan karir, daku akan melihat ini sebagai masa membangun dinding "
+"pemisah manusia, dan akan merasa telah membuat dunia ini menjadi tempat yang "
+"buruk."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
+"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
+"code for the control program for our printer. (The lack of certain features "
+"in this program made use of the printer extremely frustrating.) So I could "
+"not tell myself that nondisclosure agreements were innocent. I was very "
+"angry when he refused to share with us; I could not turn around and do the "
+"same thing to everyone else."
+msgstr ""
+"Daku pernah mengalami sendiri akibat dari sebuah perjanjian menjaga rahasia, "
+"ketika seseorang menolak memberikan kami di lab AI MIT, kode program untuk "
+"mengendalikan printer kami (tidak tersedianya beberapa fitur tersebut "
+"mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan penggunaan printer tersebut). Jadi, daku tidak "
+"dapat meyakinkan diri sendiri bahwa perjanjian menjaga rahasia tersebut "
+"tidak berakibat apa-apa. Daku menjadi sangat murka ketika dia menolak "
+"berbagi dengan kami, namun daku tidak mau membalas dendam dengan berbuat "
+"yang sama."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
+"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
+"wasted. I would not be culpable for dividing and restricting computer "
+"users, but it would happen nonetheless."
+msgstr ""
+"Pilihan lainnya, secara pasti namun kurang menyenangkan, dengan meninggalkan "
+"bidang komputer. Dengan cara ini, ketrampilan daku tidak akan disalah-"
+"gunakan, namun akan tetap terbuang sia-sia. Memang tidak akan dipersalahkan "
+"sebagai pemecah-belah dan penghambat para pengguna komputer, namun kejadian "
+"tersebut tetap akan terjadi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
+"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
+"make a community possible once again?"
+msgstr ""
+"Jadi, daku mencari jalan bagaimana caranya, agar seorang pemrogram dapat "
+"berkarya demi kebaikan. Ku bertanya pada diriku, apakah ada sebuah atau "
+"beberapa program yang dapat ditulis, sehingga dapat menciptakan sebuah "
+"masyarakat seperti sebelumnya?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
+"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
+"system, you can do many things; without one, you cannot run the computer at "
+"all. With a free operating system, we could again have a community of "
+"cooperating hackers—and invite anyone to join. And anyone would be "
+"able to use a computer without starting out by conspiring to deprive his or "
+"her friends."
+msgstr ""
+"Jawabannya jelas: pertama-tama dibutuhkan sebuah sistem operasi. Ini "
+"merupakan perangkat lunak penting agar komputer dapat digunakan. Dengan "
+"sebuah perangkat lunak sistem operasi, kita akan dapat membangun kembali "
+"masyarakat <em>hacker</em>—serta mengundang siapa pun untuk bergabung. "
+"Dan siapa pun akan dapat menggunakan komputer tanpa harus berjanji untuk "
+"berkhianat pada sesamanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
+"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
+"elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so "
+"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
+"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
+"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Sebagai pengembang sistem operasi, ketrampilan daku memang sesuai sekali. "
+"Walau pun tidak yakin akan berhasil, daku menyadari bahwa ini merupakan "
+"tugas panggilan. Nama GNU dipilih berdasarkan tradisi pada <em>hacker</em>, "
+"sebagai singkatan rekursif dari “<em>GNU's Not Unix</em>” (GNU "
+"Bukan Unix)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
+"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
+"command processors, assemblers, compilers, interpreters, debuggers, text "
+"editors, mailers, and much more. ITS had them, Multics had them, VMS had "
+"them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating system would include them too."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebuah sistem operasi bukan saja berarti kernel, yang hanya berfungsi "
+"mengendalikan program lainnya. Pada tahun 1970an, setiap sistem operasi "
+"betulan—seperti ITS, Multics, VMS, Unix— menyertakan <em>command "
+"processor</em>, <em>assembler</em>, kompiler, <em>interpreter</em>, "
+"<em>debugger</em>, editor teks, <em>mailer</em>, dan lainnya. Tentunya, GNU "
+"harus menyertakannya pula."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgstr "Belakang, daku mendengar kata-kata ini, dikutip dari Hillel (1):"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr "Jika daku bukan untukku sendiri, siapakah akan buatku?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr "Jika daku hanya untukku, siapakah daku?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
+msgstr "Jika tidak sekarang, kapan?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
+msgstr "Keputusan untuk memulai proyek GNU berdasarkan semangat yang serupa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+"find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Sebagai ateis, daku bukan pengikut kepemimpinan agama mana pun, namun "
+"terkadang saya mengagumi beberapa perkataan yang diucapkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free as in freedom"
+msgstr "Bebas Seperti Dalam Kebebasan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
+"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
+"definition of free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Istilah “perangkat lunak bebas” sering kali disalah-"
+"artikan—serta tidak berkaitan dengan harga. Ini mengenai kebebasan. "
+"Jadi, berikut ini merupakan definisi dari perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
+msgstr "Anda punya kebebasan untuk menjalankan program, untuk apa pun."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
+"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
+"since making changes in a program without having the source code is "
+"exceedingly difficult.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Anda punya kebebasan untuk mengubah program agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan "
+"(agar kebebasan ini efektif, anda musti punya akses ke kode program, sebab "
+"mengubah program tanpa kode program sangat menyulitkan)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
+msgstr ""
+"Anda punya kebebasan untuk mendistribusikan salinannya, secara gratis atau "
+"pun dengan biaya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
+"the community can benefit from your improvements."
+msgstr ""
+"Anda punya kebebasan untuk distribusikan versi termodifikasi. Sehingga "
+"masyarakat mendapatkan kesempatan untuk turut menikmati perubahan tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
+"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
+"freedom to sell copies is crucial: collections of free software sold on CD-"
+"ROMs are important for the community, and selling them is an important way "
+"to raise funds for free software development. Therefore, a program which "
+"people are not free to include on these collections is not free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Karena “bebas” merujuk pada kebebasan, tidaklah terdapat "
+"kontradiksi antara berjualan salinan dan perangkat lunak bebas. Bahkan, "
+"kebebasan berjualan salinan menjadi penentu: kumpulan perangkat lunak bebas "
+"yang dijual di CD-ROM menjadi penting untuk masyarakat, dan berjualan "
+"tersebut menjadi cara utama untuk menghimpun dana pengembangan perangkat "
+"lunak bebas. Jika tidak termasuk dalam himpunan tersebut, maka tidaklah "
+"dapat dikatakan sebagai perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+# | Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked
+# | for alternatives, but no one has found a [-suitable alternative.-]
+# | {+better term.+} The English language has more words and nuances than any
+# | other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means
+# | “free”, as in freedom—“unfettered” being the
+# | word that comes closest in meaning. Such alternatives as
+# | “liberated”, [-“freedom,”-]
+# | {+“freedom”,+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a suitable alternative. The "
+#| "English language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks "
+#| "a simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom,"
+#| "” and “open” have either the wrong meaning or some "
+#| "other disadvantage."
+msgid ""
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
+"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
+"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
+"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
+msgstr ""
+"Karena kebingungan terhadap kata “bebas” ini, banyak yang "
+"mencari kata alternatif, namun hingga kini belum ditemukan kata yang lebih "
+"cocok. Khasanah bahasa Inggris yang kaya, namun tidak ada kata sederhana "
+"yang mencerminkan arti “bebas”. Kata-kata seperti “"
+"merdeka”, “kemerdekaan”, “terbuka” dapat "
+"berarti lain atau pun mengandung kelemahan lainnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak GNU dan sistem GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
+"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
+"was possible. For example, I decided at the very beginning to use TeX as "
+"the principal text formatter; a few years later, I decided to use the X "
+"Window System rather than writing another window system for GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"Mengembangkan sistem seutuhnya merupakan maha-proyek. Agar terjangkau, daku "
+"memutuskan untuk mengadaptasi perangkat lunak bebas yang ada, jika "
+"memungkinkan. Umpamanya, sejak awal diputuskan untuk menggunakan TeX sebagai "
+"pengatur teks utama; beberapa tahun kemudian, diputuskan untuk menggunakan "
+"sistem <em>X Window</em> dari pada membuat sistem <em>window</em> sendiri "
+"untuk GNU."
+
+# | Because of [-this decision,-] {+these decisions, and others like them,+}
+# | the GNU system is not the same as the collection of all GNU software. The
+# | GNU system includes programs that are not GNU software, programs that were
+# | developed by other people and projects for their own purposes, but which
+# | we can use because they are free software.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the "
+#| "collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that "
+#| "are not GNU software, programs that were developed by other people and "
+#| "projects for their own purposes, but which we can use because they are "
+#| "free software."
+msgid ""
+"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
+"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
+"programs that are not GNU software, programs that were developed by other "
+"people and projects for their own purposes, but which we can use because "
+"they are free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Karena keputusan ini, sistem GNU tidaklah sama dengan koleksi semua "
+"perangkat lunak GNU. Dalam sistem GNU terdapat program yang bukan merupakan "
+"perangkat lunak GNU, program yang dikembangkan oleh pihak dan proyek lain "
+"untuk keperluan mereka sendiri, namun kita dapa gunakan karena merupakan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Commencing the project"
+msgstr "Perluncuran Proyek"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
+"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
+"distributing GNU as free software. If I had remained on the staff, MIT "
+"could have claimed to own the work, and could have imposed their own "
+"distribution terms, or even turned the work into a proprietary software "
+"package. I had no intention of doing a large amount of work only to see it "
+"become useless for its intended purpose: creating a new software-sharing "
+"community."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada bulan Januari 1984, daku berhenti kerja dari MIT, serta memulai menulis "
+"perangkat lunak GNU. Meninggalkan MIT diperlukan, agar MIT tidak dapat "
+"menghalangi pendistribusian GNU sebagai perangkat lunak bebas. Jika saya "
+"tetap menjadi karyawan, MIT mungkin akan menganggap turut memiliki perangkat "
+"lunak tersebut, serta dapat saja turut menentukan ketentuan "
+"pendistribusiannya, bahkan mengubahnya menjadi perangkat lunak berpemilik. "
+"Padahal, daku tak berniat membuat karya besar ini menjadi sia-sia karena "
+"tidak dapat digunakan untuk membangun sebuah masyarakat yang berbagi "
+"perangkat lunak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
+"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, Prof. Winston, ketika itu kepala lab AI MIT, berkenan mengundang daku "
+"untuk tetap menggunakan lab tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The first steps"
+msgstr "Beberapa langkah Pertama"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
+"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
+"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
+"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa saat sebelum memulai proyek GNU ini, kudengar perihal <em>Free "
+"University Compiler Kit</em> (Perangkat Kompiler Universitas Bebas), yang "
+"juga dikenal dengan VUCK (dalam bahasa Belanda, perkataan “<em>free</"
+"em>” dimulai dengan <em>v</em>). Kompiler ini dirancang untuk "
+"menangani aneka bahasa, termasuk C dan Pascal, serta mendukung berbagai "
+"arsitektur mesin. Kutanyai sang pengarang apakah GNU boleh menggunakannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
+"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
+"Project would be a multilanguage, multiplatform compiler."
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan ketus, dijawab bahwa universitasnya memang bebas, namun kompilernya "
+"tidak. Jadi, kuputuskan bahwa program pertama proyek GNU seharusnya kompiler "
+"aneka bahasa untuk berbagai arsitektur perangkat keras."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
+"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
+"developed at Lawrence Livermore Lab. It supported, and was written in, an "
+"extended version of Pascal, designed to be a system-programming language. I "
+"added a C front end, and began porting it to the Motorola 68000 computer. "
+"But I had to give that up when I discovered that the compiler needed many "
+"megabytes of stack space, and the available 68000 Unix system would only "
+"allow 64k."
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan harapan tidak perlu menulis sendiri seluruh kompiler, kugunakan kode "
+"program kompiler <em>Pastel</em>, yang dikembangkan menggunakan ekstensi "
+"bahasa <em>Pascal</em> oleh Lawrence Livermore Lab. serta merupakan kompiler "
+"aneka arsitektur. Kutambahkan <em>front end</em> C, serta kumulai "
+"<em>porting</em> ke komputer Motorila 68000. Namun terpaksa dibatalkan, "
+"karena sang kompiler membutuhkan beberapa <em>megabytes</em> ruang "
+"<em>stack</em>, padahal sistem Unix 68000 hanya membolehkan 64k."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
+"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
+"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
+"<acronym title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</acronym>; none of the Pastel "
+"compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that "
+"I had written. But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs."
+msgstr ""
+"Kutemukan bahwa kompiler <em>Pastel</em> tersebut mem-<em>parse</em> seluruh "
+"berkas kesebuah pohon sintaks (<em>syntax tree</em>), lalu mengubah seluruh "
+"pohon sintaks tersebut menjadi sebuah mata rantai “instruksi”, "
+"lalu membangkitkan seluruh berkas keluaran, tanpa pernah membebaskan memori. "
+"Walhasil, disimpulkan bahwa perlu penulisan kompiler baru dari nol. Kompiler "
+"baru ini sekarang disebut dengan <acronym title=\"GNU Compiler Collection"
+"\">GCC</acronym>; tanpa menggunakan bagian apa pun dari kompiler Pastel. "
+"Namun kuberhasil mengadaptasi serta menggunakan <em>front end</em> C yang "
+"sempat kutulis. Namun, ini baru terjadi beberapa tahun kemudian; pertama-"
+"tama daku mengerjakan GNU Emacs."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU Emacs"
+msgstr "GNU Emacs"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
+"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
+"editing; having no interest in learning to use vi or ed, I had done my "
+"editing on other kinds of machines until then."
+msgstr ""
+"Kumulai mengerjakan GNU Emacs sejak September 1984, dan awal 1985 sudah "
+"dapat digunakan. Ini memungkinkan daku untuk mulai menggunakan sistem Unix "
+"untuk keperluan pengeditan. Karena tidak pernah berniat untuk belajar "
+"menggunakan vi atau ed, daku sebelum itu menggunakan mesin-mesin lainnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
+"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
+"server on the MIT computer that I used. (This computer, prep.ai.mit.edu, "
+"thus became the principal GNU ftp distribution site; when it was "
+"decommissioned a few years later, we transferred the name to our new ftp "
+"server.) But at that time, many of the interested people were not on the "
+"Internet and could not get a copy by ftp. So the question was, what would I "
+"say to them?"
+msgstr ""
+"Banyak yang mulai tertarik untuk menggunakan GNU Emacs, sehingga timbul "
+"permasalahan bagaimana cara mendistribusikannya. Tentu saja, ada salinan "
+"yang ditempatkan pada server <em>anonymous ftp</em> MIT yang kugunakan "
+"(Komputer ini, prep.ai.mit.edu, menjadi situs pendistribusian ftp GNU yang "
+"utama; sebelum kami menggunakan server ftp kami yang baru). Namun pada saat "
+"tersebut, banyak yang tidak memiliki sambungan Internet sehingga tidak dapat "
+"ftp. Jadi, apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk mereka?"
+
+# | I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will
+# | make a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the
+# | original PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <acronym
+# | title=\"Self-addressed Stamped Envelope\">SASE</acronym>, and I will mail
+# | it back with Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for
+# | ways to make money from free software. So I announced that I would mail a
+# | tape to whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started a
+# | free software distribution business, the precursor of the companies that
+# | today distribute entire [-Linux-based GNU systems.-] {+GNU/Linux system
+# | distributions.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will "
+#| "make a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the "
+#| "original PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <acronym "
+#| "title=\"Self-addressed Stamped Envelope\">SASE</acronym>, and I will mail "
+#| "it back with Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for "
+#| "ways to make money from free software. So I announced that I would mail "
+#| "a tape to whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started "
+#| "a free software distribution business, the precursor of the companies "
+#| "that today distribute entire Linux-based GNU systems. "
+msgid ""
+"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
+"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
+"PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <acronym title=\"Self-"
+"addressed Stamped Envelope\">SASE</acronym>, and I will mail it back with "
+"Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for ways to make "
+"money from free software. So I announced that I would mail a tape to "
+"whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started a free "
+"software distribution business, the precursor of the companies that today "
+"distribute entire GNU/Linux system distributions."
+msgstr ""
+"Dapat saja kukatakan, “Cari teman yang punya akses net serta mau "
+"membuatkan salinan untuk anda.” Atau, apa yang sebelumnya dilakukan "
+"terhadap PDP-10 Emacs: “Kirimkan <em>tape</em> serta amplop "
+"berperangko dan alamat anda, dan akan kukirim balik GNU Emacs”. Namun "
+"karena tidak punya pekerjaan, serta sedang berikhtiar bagaimana caranya "
+"mendapatkan uang dari perangkat lunak bebas: kuumumkan bahwa untuk setiap "
+"pengiriman <em>tape</em> dikenakan biaya US$ 150. Dengan sendirinya, ini "
+"merupakan usaha pendistribusian perangkat lunak pertama, jauh sebelum "
+"perusahaan-perusahaan dewasa ini yang mendistribusikan sistem GNU berbasis "
+"Linux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
+msgstr "Apakah sebuah program bebas untuk setiap pengguna?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
+"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
+"copy of it. For example, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#PublicDomainSoftware\"> public domain software</a> (software that is "
+"not copyrighted) is free software; but anyone can make a proprietary "
+"modified version of it. Likewise, many free programs are copyrighted but "
+"distributed under simple permissive licenses which allow proprietary "
+"modified versions."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika sebuah program merupakan perangkat lunak bebas begitu diedarkan "
+"pengarangnya, tidaklah berarti bahwa akan tetap menjadi perangkat lunak "
+"bebas untuk semua yang memiliki salinan tersebut. Umpamanya, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\">perangkat lunak <em>public "
+"domain</em></a> (perangkat lunak tanpa hak cipta) merupakan perangkat lunak "
+"bebas; namun siapa pun dapat membuat modifikasi berpemilik dari perangkat "
+"tersebut. Demikian pula, banyak program bebas dengan hak cipta namun "
+"diedarkan menggunakan lisensi sederhana yang mengizinkan modifikasi "
+"berpemilik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
+"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
+"adopted by various computer companies. They added X to their proprietary "
+"Unix systems, in binary form only, and covered by the same nondisclosure "
+"agreement. These copies of X were no more free software than Unix was."
+msgstr ""
+"Contoh dari permasalahan ini ialah sistem <em>X Window</em>. Sistem yang "
+"dikembangkan MIT ini diedarkan sebagai perangkat lunak bebas dengan lisensi "
+"sederhana. Berbagai perusahaan komputer mengadaptasi sistem X ini, dan "
+"disertakan dalam sistem Unix berpemilik mereka, dalam bentuk biner saja, "
+"serta dilindungi dengan menggunakan perjanjian menjaga rahasia yang serupa. "
+"Salinan X tersebut tidak lagi perangkat lunak bebas, seperti halnya Unix "
+"mereka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
+"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
+"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pengembang sistem <em>X Window</em> tidak menganggap ini sebagai "
+"masalah—mereka memperkirakan serta menerima hal ini. Tujuan mereka "
+"bukanlah kebebasan, namun hanyalah “sukses”, yang diartikan "
+"dengan “digunakan secara luas”. Mereka tidak peduli apakah para "
+"pengguna memiliki kebebasan, asalkan jumlahnya banyak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
+"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
+"program free?” If you judged based on the freedom provided by the "
+"distribution terms of the MIT release, you would say that X was free "
+"software. But if you measured the freedom of the average user of X, you "
+"would have to say it was proprietary software. Most X users were running "
+"the proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, not the free version."
+msgstr ""
+"Ini menjurus ke situasi paradoks dari dua cara berbeda untuk menghitung "
+"jumlah kebebasan terhadap sebuah pertanyaan: “Apakah program ini bebas?"
+"” Jika menilai dari kebebasan ketentuan pendistribusian sistem, anda "
+"akan mengatakan bahwa X merupakan perangkat lunak bebas. Namun jika diukur "
+"dari kebebasan dari para pengguna, X dapatlah dikatakan sebagai perangkat "
+"lunak berpemilik. Kebanyakan para pengguna X menjalankan versi berpemilik "
+"yang merupakan bagian dari sistem Unix mereka, dan bukan menjalankan versi "
+"bebasnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
+msgstr "<em>Copyleft</em> dan <em>GNU GPL</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
+"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
+"copyleft”.(1)"
+msgstr ""
+"Tujuan dari GNU ialah memberikan kebebasan kepada para pengguna, dan bukan "
+"untuk menjadi terkenal. Jadi, kami membutuhkan ketentuan distribusi yang "
+"mencegah perangkat lunak GNU menjadi berpemilik. Cara ini kami namakan "
+"“<em>Copyleft</em>”.(1)"
+
+# | Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of
+# | its usual purpose: instead of a means [-of privatizing software,-] {+for
+# | restricting a program,+} it becomes a means [-of-] {+for+} keeping
+# | [-software-] {+the program+} free.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of "
+#| "its usual purpose: instead of a means of privatizing software, it becomes "
+#| "a means of keeping software free."
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
+"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
+"means for keeping the program free."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Copyleft</em> memanfaatkan aturan <em>copyright</em> (Hak Cipta), namun "
+"untuk tujuan yang bertolak belakang: bukan berarti untuk menjadi milik "
+"pribadi, namun agar perangkat lunak tetap bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
+"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
+"versions—but not permission to add restrictions of their own. Thus, "
+"the crucial freedoms that define “free software” are guaranteed "
+"to everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights."
+msgstr ""
+"Intinya, <em>copyleft</em> memberi izin untuk menjalankan program, melakukan "
+"penyalinan, modifikasi, serta mengedarkan hasil modifikasi tersebut—"
+"tanpa menambahkan aturan penghalang kebebasan. Jadi, kebebasan yang "
+"merumuskan “perangkat lunak bebas” terjamin untuk siapa pun yang "
+"memiliki salinan; dan merupakan hak yang tidak dapat dibatalkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
+"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
+"published. When programmers who have jobs as programmers volunteer to "
+"improve GNU software, it is copyleft that prevents their employers from "
+"saying, “You can't share those changes, because we are going to use "
+"them to make our proprietary version of the program.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Agar <em>copyleft</em> efektif, versi yang termodifikasi mesti bebas pula. "
+"Ini akan menjamin bahwa karya kami (dan turunannya) akan tersedia untuk "
+"masyarakat setelah diterbitkan. Bagi para relawan pemrogram yang "
+"meningkatkan kinerja perangkat lunak GNU, <em>copyleft</em>-lah yang "
+"mencegah para majikan untuk berkata, “Kamu tidak boleh berbagi "
+"perubahan tersebut, sebab kami akan menggunakannya untuk versi berpemilik "
+"program kami.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
+"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
+"Window System usually made some changes to port it to their systems and "
+"hardware. These changes were small compared with the great extent of X, but "
+"they were not trivial. If making changes were an excuse to deny the users "
+"freedom, it would be easy for anyone to take advantage of the excuse."
+msgstr ""
+"Permintaan bahwa perubahan harus bebas pula merupakan hal mendasar, jika "
+"kita ingin menjamin kebebasan untuk semua pengguna program tersebut. "
+"Perusahaan yang mem-<em>port</em> sistem <em>X Window</em> untuk perangkat "
+"lunak dan keras mereka, biasanya melakukan sedikit perubahan. Perubahan "
+"tersebut biasanya kecil dibandingkan dengan sistem X secara keseluruhan, "
+"namun tidak trivial. Jika melakukan perubahan dapat menjadi alasan untuk "
+"penolakan kebebasan, hal tersebut akan dengan mudah dimanfaatkan siapa pun "
+"sebagai alasan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
+"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
+"the nonfree part would be lacking for the whole as well. To permit such "
+"combinations would open a hole big enough to sink a ship. Therefore, a "
+"crucial requirement for copyleft is to plug this hole: anything added to or "
+"combined with a copylefted program must be such that the larger combined "
+"version is also free and copylefted."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah lainnya ialah menggabungkan program bebas dengan kode tidak bebas. "
+"Hasil paduan tersebut pasti tidak bebas; semua kebebasan yang tidak ada pada "
+"bagian tidak bebas tersebut menjadi berlaku pada keseluruhannya. "
+"Mengizinkan perpaduan tersebut bagaikan membuat lubang besar pada sebuah "
+"kapal hingga tenggelam. Jadi, prasyarat penting <em>copyleft</em> ialah "
+"untuk menutup lubang tersebut: apa pun yang ditambahkan atau dikombinasikan "
+"dengan program <em>copyleft</em> harus sedemikian rupa hingga versi "
+"kombinasi tersebut harus bebas dan <em>copyleft</em>."
+
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.-] {+manuals.(2)+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals."
+msgid ""
+"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
+"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
+"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
+"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+msgstr ""
+"Implementasi <em>copyleft</em> yang kami gunakan untuk hampir semua "
+"perangkat lunak GNU ialah <em>GNU General Public License</em> (Lisensi "
+"Publik Umum GNU), atau disingkat GNU GPL. Terdapat jenis lain dari "
+"<em>copyleft</em> yang digunakan untuk hal khusus. Manual GNU juga ter-"
+"<em>copyleft</em>, namun lebih sederhana, karena kerumitan GNU GPL tidak "
+"diperlukan untuk manual."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
+"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
+"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
+"the time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Pada tahun 1984 atau 1985, Don Hopkins (seorang yang penuh gagasan) "
+"mengirimkan daku sebuah surat. Pada amplopnya dituliskan beberapa kalimat "
+"menarik termasuk: “<em>Copyleft—all rights reversed</em>.” "
+"Lalu, kugunakan istilah “<em>copyleft</em>” untuk konsep "
+"distribusi yang sedang dikembangkan pada saat itu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"<cite>The Free Software Foundation</cite>—Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
+"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
+"The <acronym title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> also took over "
+"the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
+"free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free "
+"manuals as well."
+msgstr ""
+"Seiring dengan pertumbuhan penggunaan Emacs, banyak yang turut serta "
+"terlibat dalam proyek GNU, dan kami memutuskan bahwa tiba saatnya untuk "
+"mencari dana lagi. Jadi, tahun 1985 kami mendirikan <em><a href=\"http://www.";
+"fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a></em> (FSF, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak "
+"Bebas), sebuah organisasi amal <i>tax exempt</i> (dapat digunakan untuk "
+"pemotongan pajak) untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas. <acronym title="
+"\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> juga mengambil alih usaha "
+"distribusi <em>tape</em> Emacs; serta kemudian menambahkan perangkat lunak "
+"bebas lainnya (GNU dan non-GNU), serta berjualan manual bebas pula."
+
+# | [-The FSF accepts donations, but most-]{+Most+} of [-its-] {+the FSF's+}
+# | income [-has always-] {+used to+} come from [-sales—of-] {+sales
+# | of+} copies of free software[-,-] and of other related [-services. Today
+# | it sells CD-ROMs-] {+services (CD-ROMs+} of source code, CD-ROMs with
+# | binaries, nicely printed [-manuals (all-] {+manuals, all+} with {+the+}
+# | freedom to redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions [-(where-]
+# | {+(distributions for which+} we buil[-d-]{+t+} the whole collection of
+# | software for [-your-] {+the customer's+} choice of platform). {+Today the
+# | FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other
+# | gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can
+# | join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The FSF accepts donations, but most of its income has always come from "
+#| "sales—of copies of free software, and of other related services. "
+#| "Today it sells CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with binaries, nicely "
+#| "printed manuals (all with freedom to redistribute and modify), and Deluxe "
+#| "Distributions (where we build the whole collection of software for your "
+#| "choice of platform)."
+msgid ""
+"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
+"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
+"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
+"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
+"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"FSF pun menerima donasi , namun kebanyakan pemasukan berasal "
+"berjualan— salinan perangkat lunak bebas, serta layanan berhubungan "
+"lainnya. Kini, FSF berjualan CD-ROM kode program, CD-ROM dengan biner, "
+"manual yang tercetak rapih (dan bebas di distribusi ulang dan dimodifikasi), "
+"serta distribusi Istimewa (<em>Deluxe</em>: kami buatkan seluruh koleksi "
+"kami pada perangkat keras pilihan anda)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
+"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
+"The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses "
+"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
+"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
+"systems is <acronym title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</acronym>, the Bourne "
+"Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+msgstr ""
+"FSF memperkerjakan karyawan yang menulis dan memelihara sejumlah paket "
+"perangkat lunak GNU. Dua unggulan utama ialah <em>C library</em> dan "
+"<em>shell</em>. <em>GNU C library</em> merupakan sesuatu yang dijalankan "
+"oleh setiap program sistem GNU/Linux untuk berkomunikasi dengan Linux. "
+"Perangkat tersebut dikembangkan oleh staf FSF, Roland McGrath. <em>Shell</"
+"em> yang digunakan pada kebanyakan sistem GNU/Linux ialah <acronym title="
+"\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</acronym>, <em>Bourne Again Shell</em>(1), yang "
+"dikembangkan oleh karyawan FSF, Brian Fox."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
+"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
+"system, and these programs were needed for that goal."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami membiayai pengembangan program tersebut karena tujuan proyek GNU bukan "
+"hanya pengembangan alat bantu. Tujuan kami ialah sebuah sistem operaso "
+"lengkap, dan program tersebut diatas diperlukan untuk tujuan tersebut."
+
+# | (1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a [-joke-] {+play+} on the name
+# | “Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a joke on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “<em>Bourne Again Shell</em>” merupakan lulucon untuk nama "
+"“Bourne Shell”, yang merupakan <em>shell</em> umum pada Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free software support"
+msgstr "Dukungan Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
+"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
+"users' freedom, we wish them success."
+msgstr ""
+"Filosofi perangkat lunak bebas menolak sebuah kebiasan berbisnis yang "
+"tertentu, namun tidak menolak bisnis itu sendiri. Jika bisnis tersebut "
+"menghormati kebebasan para pengguna, kami ucapkan semoga mereka berhasil."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
+"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
+"living. I found it in selling services relating to the free software I had "
+"developed. This included teaching, for subjects such as how to program GNU "
+"Emacs and how to customize GCC, and software development, mostly porting GCC "
+"to new platforms."
+msgstr ""
+"Berjualan salinan Emacs memperlihatkan salah satu cara berbisnis perangkat "
+"lunak bebas. Ketika FSF mengambil alih usaha tersebut, daku harus mencari "
+"cara lain mencari nafkah. Kutemukan bahwa termasuk hubungan antara berjualan "
+"layanan dan perangkat lunak yang dikembangkan; seperti ajar-mengajar: "
+"bagaimana caranya memrogram Emacs, dan bagaimana caranya men-set GCC, serta "
+"pengembangan perangkat lunak, seperti <em>porting</em> GCC kesebuah "
+"arsitektur baru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
+"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
+"others sell support at levels ranging from answering user questions, to "
+"fixing bugs, to adding major new features. We are even beginning to see "
+"free software companies based on launching new free software products."
+msgstr ""
+"Dewasa ini, setiap jenis bisni perangkat lunak bebas telah diterapkan oleh "
+"beberapa perusahaan. Beberapa diantaranya mendistribusikan kumpulan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas pada CD-ROM; lainnya berjualan dukungan mulai dari "
+"menjawab pertanyaan para pengguna hingga; memperbaiki <em>bugs</em>, serta "
+"menambahkan fitur baru. Kami pun mulai mendapatkan perusahaan perangkat "
+"lunak bebas yang berbasis peluncuran produk perangkat lunak bebas baru."
+
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these [-“value
+# | added”,-] {+programs “value-added packages”,+} which
+# | [-reflects-] {+shows+} the values they would like us to adopt: convenience
+# | above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them
+# | “freedom-subtracted” [-products.-] {+packages.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these “value "
+#| "added”, which reflects the values they would like us to adopt: "
+#| "convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
+#| "“freedom-subtracted” products."
+msgid ""
+"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
+"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
+"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
+"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
+"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
+"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
+"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun awas! Ada beberapa perusahaan yang mengasosiasikan dirinya dengan "
+"istilah “<em>open source</em>”, padahal berbisnis perangkat "
+"lunak tidak bebas yang jalan bersamaan dengan perangkat lunak bebas. Mereka "
+"bukanlah perusahaan perangkat lunak bebas, namun perusahaan perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik yang produknya berusaha merampas kebebasan para penggunanya. "
+"Mereka menyebutnya “nilai tambah”, yang mencerminkan nilai yang "
+"mereka ingin kita terima: kenyamanan di atas kebebasan. Jika kita lebih "
+"menghargai kebebasan, kita seharusnya menyebut mereka dengan produk “"
+"perampas kebebasan”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Technical goals"
+msgstr "Tujuan Teknis"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
+"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
+"users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Tujuan utama GNU ialah menjadi perangkat lunak bebas. Jadi, walau pun GNU "
+"tidak memiliki keunggulan teknis atas Unux, GNU akan memiliki keunggulan "
+"sosial, yaitu mengizinkan para pengguna bekerja-sama, serta akan memiliki "
+"keunggulan etis, yaitu menghormati kebebasan para pengguna."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
+"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
+"arbitrary fixed size limits, and handling all the possible 8-bit codes "
+"wherever that made sense."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, wajarlah jika menggunakan standar kebiasaan baik yang ada untuk "
+"GNU—umpamanya, alokasi struktur data dinamis untuk menghindari "
+"sembarang batasan ukuran statik, serta penggunaan seluruh kode 8 bit, jika "
+"diperlukan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
+"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
+"the norm by the time the GNU system was finished), and to make no effort to "
+"reduce memory usage unless it exceeded a megabyte. In programs for which "
+"handling very large files was not crucial, we encouraged programmers to read "
+"an entire input file into core, then scan its contents without having to "
+"worry about I/O."
+msgstr ""
+"Selain itu, kami menolak fokus Unix terhadap ukuran memori kecil, dengan "
+"tidak mendukung mesin 16 bit (pada saat itu telah menjadi jelas bahwa mesin "
+"32 bit akan menjadi biasa pada saat GNU selesai), dan kami tidak berusaha "
+"membatasi penggunaan memori, kecuali jika melampai satu <em>megabyte</em>. "
+"Untuk program yang tidak begitu membutuhkan penanganan berkas besar, kami "
+"menanjurkan agar membaca seluruh berkas tanpa harus khawatir terhadap <em>I/"
+"O</em> (keluaran/masukan)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
+"in reliability and speed."
+msgstr ""
+"Keputusan ini memungkinkan kebanyakan program GNU mengungguli program asli "
+"Unix dalam kehandalan dan kecepatan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Donated computers"
+msgstr "Sumbangan Komputer"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
+"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
+"easiest way to develop components of GNU was to do it on a Unix system, and "
+"replace the components of that system one by one. But they raised an "
+"ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of Unix at all."
+msgstr ""
+"Seiring dengan peningkatan reputasi proyek GNU, banyak yang mulai menawarkan "
+"donasi mesin Unix. Hal ini sangat bermanfaat, sebab cara termudah "
+"mengembangkan komponen GNU ialah mengerjakannya pada sebuah sistem Unix, "
+"lalu mengganti komponen tersebut satu per satu. Namun mereka melontarkan "
+"masalah etis: apakah kami berhak memiliki salinan Unix untuk keperluan "
+"tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
+"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
+"reasoning that leads to the conclusion that violence in self defense is "
+"justified, I concluded that it was legitimate to use a proprietary package "
+"when that was crucial for developing a free replacement that would help "
+"others stop using the proprietary package."
+msgstr ""
+"Unix pada saat tersebut (dan hingga kini) merupakan perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik, dan filosofi proyek GNU ialah menghindari penggunaan perangkat "
+"lunak berpemilik. Namun, dengan alasan yang sama dapat disimpulkan bahwa "
+"pelanggaran tersebut diperbolehkan, kusimpulkan bahwa sah-sah saja "
+"menggunakan paket berpemilik, jika hal tersebut genting untuk pengembangan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas pengganti, sehingga akan menghentikan penggunaan "
+"perangkat lunak berpemilik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
+"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
+"operating systems. If we could not replace a machine's operating system "
+"with a free one, we replaced the machine instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, walau pun merupakan pelanggaran yang beralasan, tetap merupakan "
+"pelanggaran. Dewasa ini, kita tidak perlu lagi menggunakan salinan Unix, "
+"sebab kami telah menggantikannya dengan sistem operasi bebas. Jika ktia "
+"tidak dapat menggantikan sistem operasi sebuah mesin, kami akan mengganti "
+"mesin tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU Task List"
+msgstr "Daftar Tugas GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
+"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
+"remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the missing "
+"pieces. This list became known as the GNU Task List. In addition to "
+"missing Unix components, we listed various other useful software and "
+"documentation projects that, we thought, a truly complete system ought to "
+"have."
+msgstr ""
+"Seiring dengan kelangsungan proyek GNU, serta penambahan komponen sistem "
+"yang ditemukan atau pun dikembangkan, disadari bahwa akan bermanfaat jika "
+"dibuatkan sebuah daftar sisa komponen yang belum ada. Kami kemudian "
+"mempekerjakan para pengembang untuk menulis bagian yang belum ada tersebut. "
+"Daftar tersebut kemudian dikenal dengan nama daftar tugas GNU (<em>The GNU "
+"Task List</em>). Selain komponen Unix yang belum ada, kami pun mencatat "
+"beberapa proyek perangkat lunak dan dokumen yang bermanfaat, dan kami pikir, "
+"sistem lengkap yang sebaiknya kami punyai."
+
+# | [-Today,-]{+Today (1),+} hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU
+# | Task List—those jobs [-have-] {+had+} been done, aside from a few
+# | inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call
+# | “applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today, hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs have been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
+"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
+"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
+"thing to add to an operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"Dewasa ini, nyaris tak ada komponen Unix yang tertinggal di daftar tugas "
+"GNU—kebanyakan telah rampung, selain beberapa yang kurang penting. "
+"Namun daftar tersebut kini penuh dengan proyek-proyek yang beberapa "
+"menyebutnya dengan “aplikasi”. Program apa pun yang akan "
+"digunakan selain segelintir pengguna, akan bermanfaat jika ditambahkan pada "
+"sebuah sistem operasi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
+"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
+"compatibility was not an issue for games, so we did not follow the list of "
+"games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of different kinds of "
+"games that users might like."
+msgstr ""
+"Bahkan permainan (<em>games</em>) pun ada pada daftar tugas—dan telah "
+"ada sejak awal. Dalam Unix ada permainan, wajarlah kalau GNU pun mengadakan. "
+"Namun, di sini tidak ada masalah kompatibel, sehingga kami tidak meniru "
+"permainan yang ada di Unix. Jadi, kami mendaftar bebagai permainan yabg "
+"berbeda, yang mungkin disukai oleh para pengguna."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
+"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
+msgstr "GPL pada <em>library</em> GNU"
+
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License,-] {+License(1),+} which gives permission to link
+# | proprietary software with the library. Why make this exception?
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License, which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+msgid ""
+"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>GNU C Library</em> menggunakan <em>copyleft</em> jenis khusus yaitu "
+"<em>GNU Library General Public License</em>, yang memberikan izin untuk "
+"<em>link</em> perangkat lunak berpemilik dengan <em>library</em> tersebut. "
+"Mengapa ada pengecualian ini?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
+"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
+"project predicated on refusing to share with us?) Using the LGPL for the C "
+"library, or for any library, is a matter of strategy."
+msgstr ""
+"Hal ini bukan masalah prinsip; tak ada prinsip yang mengatakan bahwa hasil "
+"perangkat lunak berpemilik berhak menggunakan kode program kami (Buat apa "
+"berkontribusi pada sebuah proyek namun menolak berbagi dengan kami?). "
+"Menggunakan LGPL untuk <em>C library</em>, atau <em>library</em> mana pun, "
+"merupakan strategi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
+"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
+"software would not have given free software any advantage—it would "
+"only have discouraged use of our library."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>C library</em> melakukan tugas generik; setiap sistem berpemilik atau "
+"kompiler akan datang dengan <em>C library</em>. Jika <em>C library</em> kami "
+"hanya tersedia untuk perangkat lunak bebas saja, maka ini tidak akan "
+"memberikan perangkat lunak bebas keunggulan apa pun—malahan akan "
+"membuat orang tidak tertarik sama sekali untuk menggunakannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
+"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
+"of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a "
+"proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to allow "
+"proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it seems that "
+"disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU system than to "
+"encourage development of free applications. That is why using the Library "
+"GPL is a good strategy for the C library."
+msgstr ""
+"Terdapat satu sistem yang menjadi pengecualian: yaitu sistem GNU (dan ini "
+"termasuk GNU/Linux), <em>GNU C Library</em> merupakan satu-satunya <em>C "
+"Library</em>. Jadi, ketentuan distribusi dari <em>GNU C Library</em> "
+"ditentukan dengan apakah ada kemungkinan untuk mengkompail sebuah program "
+"berpemilik untuk sistem GNU. Tak ada alasan etis untuk mengizinkan aplikasi "
+"berpemilik pada sistem GNU, namun secara strategis, pelarangan dapat "
+"menyebabkan lebih banyak orang menjadi enggan untuk menggunakan sistem GNU "
+"dari pada jumlah peningkatan pengembangan aplikasi bebas. Itulah mengapa "
+"penggunaan <em>Library GPL</em> merupakan strategi <em>C Library</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
+"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
+"certain kinds of programs, then releasing it under the GPL, limiting it to "
+"free programs only, is a way of helping other free software developers, "
+"giving them an advantage against proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk <em>library</em> lainnya, keputusan strategis akan ditetapkan kasus "
+"demi kasus. Jika sebuah <em>library</em> melakukan tugas khusus yang dapat "
+"membantu penulisan jenis program tertentu, mengedarkannya dibawah GPL "
+"(membatasi untuk program bebas saja), akan merupakan upaya untuk menolong "
+"pengembang perangkat lunak bebas lainnya, dengan memberikan keunggulan "
+"terhadap perangkat lunak berpemilik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
+"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
+"Library GPL. This probably does reduce the amount Readline is used, but "
+"that is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at least one useful application has been "
+"made free software specifically so it could use Readline, and that is a real "
+"gain for the community."
+msgstr ""
+"Umpamanya GNU <em>Readline</em>, sebuah <em>library</em> yang dikembangkan "
+"untuk menyediakan pengeditan baris pada BASH. <em>Readline</em> diedarkan "
+"dengan GNU GPL, dan bukan <em>Library GPL</em>. Ini akan mengurangi "
+"penggunaan Readlin, namun tidak merupakan kerugian bagi kami. Setidaknya "
+"ada satu aplikasi berguna yang memanfaatkan Readlin, dan ini merupkan "
+"keunggulan bagi masyarakat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
+"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
+"we will have a large collection of GPL-covered libraries that have no "
+"parallel available to proprietary software, providing useful modules to "
+"serve as building blocks in new free software, and adding up to a major "
+"advantage for further free software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pengembang perangkat lunak berpemilik mempunyai keunggulan yang "
+"diberikan uang; jadi para pengembang perangkat lunak bebas perlu memiliki "
+"keunggulan pula. Mudah-mudahan suatu hari, kita akan memiliki sebuah "
+"koleksi <em>library</em> GPL yang tidak ada versi berpemiliknya, menyediakan "
+"modul-modul bermanfaat untuk membangun perangkat lunak bebas; serta "
+"menambahkan keunggulan utama untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Scratching an itch?"
+msgstr "Menggaruk Yang Gatal?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
+"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
+"but many essential pieces of GNU software were developed in order to have a "
+"complete free operating system. They come from a vision and a plan, not "
+"from impulse."
+msgstr ""
+"Menurut Eric Raymond, “Setiap karya perangkat lunak yang bagus dimulai "
+"dengan kegatalan seorang pengembang.” Mungkin saja hal tersebut "
+"terkadang terjadi, namun banyak bagian penting dari perangkat lunak GNU "
+"dikembangkan untuk melengkapi sebuah sistem operasi bebas. Hal tersebut "
+"dirancang dengan matang, dan bukan sekedar dadakan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
+"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
+"because a Unix-like system needs a tar program. The same is true for my own "
+"programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make."
+msgstr ""
+"Umpamanya, kami mengembangkan <em>GNU C library</em> karena sebuah sistem "
+"serupa Unix memerlukannya. Demikian pula BASH karena sebuah sistem serupa "
+"Unix memerlukannya. Demikian pula GNU tar karena sebuah sistem serupa Unix "
+"memerlukannya. Begitu pula dengan program buatan daku—kompiler C GNU, "
+"GNU Emacs, GDB, dan GNU Make."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
+"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
+"been lost to the community because of the <acronym title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch"
+"\">LZW</acronym> patents. We found people to develop LessTif, and more "
+"recently started <acronym title=\"GNU Network Object Model Environment"
+"\">GNOME</acronym> and Harmony, to address the problems caused by certain "
+"proprietary libraries (see below). We are developing the GNU Privacy Guard "
+"to replace popular nonfree encryption software, because users should not "
+"have to choose between privacy and freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa program GNU dikembangkan untuk mengatasi ancaman tertentu terhadap "
+"kebebasan kami. Jadi, kami mengembangkan gzip sebagai pengganti program "
+"<em>compress</em>, yang akhirnya kalah karena paten <acronym title=\"Lempel-"
+"Ziv-Welch\">LZW</acronym>. Kami mendanai pengembangan LessTif, serta baru-"
+"baru ini memprakasi <acronym title=\"GNU Network Object Model Environment"
+"\">GNOME</acronym> dan Harmony, sebagai jawaban untuk mengatasi beberapa "
+"masalah <em>library</em> berpemilik (lihat di bawah ini). Kami mengembangkan "
+"<em>GNU Privacy Guard</em> (GNUPG) sebagai pengganti perangkat lunak "
+"enkripsi yang tidak bebas, sehingga para pengguna tidak perlu memilih antara "
+"privasi dan kebebasan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
+"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
+"own needs and interests. But that is not why the programs exist."
+msgstr ""
+"Tentu saja, penulisan program dapat menjadi daya pikat tersendiri, serta "
+"banyak penambahan fitur oleh para pengguna karena kebutuhan sendiri. Namun, "
+"hal itu belum tentu merupakan alasan mengapa program tersebut ada."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Unexpected developments"
+msgstr "Perkembangan Tak Terduga"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
+"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada saat awal proyek GNU, daku membayangkan bahwa kami akan mengembangkan "
+"seluruh sistem GNU, lalu meluncurkannya secara keseluruhan. Ternyata, bukan "
+"itu yang terjadi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
+"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
+"existed. Some of these programs became popular, and users began extending "
+"them and porting them—to the various incompatible versions of Unix, "
+"and sometimes to other systems as well."
+msgstr ""
+"Berhubung setiap komponen sistem GNU diimplementasikan pada sebuah sistem "
+"Unix, setiap komponen tersebut dapat berjalan pada sistem Unix jauh sebelum "
+"sistem GNU selesai. Beberapa program menjadi populer, dan para pengguna "
+"mulai mem-port program tersebut—ke berbagai versi Unix yang kurang "
+"kompatibel, dan terkadang juga pada sistem lainnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
+"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
+"completion of a minimal working system by several years, as GNU developers' "
+"time was put into maintaining these ports and adding features to the "
+"existing components, rather than moving on to write one missing component "
+"after another."
+msgstr ""
+"Hal tersebut membuat program tersebut menjadi lebih canggih, serta menarik "
+"baik dana mau pun kontributur ke proyek GNU. Namun, hal ini juga mungkin "
+"menjadi penyebab keterlambatan perampungan sistem beberapa tahun. Para "
+"pengembang GNU terpaksa meluangkan lebih banyak waktu untuk pemeliharaan dan "
+"perbaikan, dari pada untuk merampungkan komponen yang belum ada."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU Hurd"
+msgstr "GNU Hurd"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
+"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
+"collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a "
+"microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University and then at the "
+"University of Utah; the GNU Hurd is a collection of servers (i.e., a herd of "
+"GNUs) that run on top of Mach, and do the various jobs of the Unix kernel. "
+"The start of development was delayed as we waited for Mach to be released as "
+"free software, as had been promised."
+msgstr ""
+"Hingga 1990, sistem GNU hampir rampung; kecuali komponen utama: <em>kernel</"
+"em>. Diputuskan, bahwa kernel diimplementasikan sebagai kumpulan dari server "
+"proses di atas Mach. Mach merupakan kernel mikro yang dikembangkan oleh "
+"Universitas <em>Carnegie Mellon</em> serta kemudian Universitas Utah. GNU "
+"Hurd merupakan sebuah kumpulan server (yaitu <cite>Herd of GNUs</cite>) yang "
+"berjalan di atas Mach, serta menjalankan berbagai tugas kenel Unix. Awal "
+"pengembangan agak tertunda, berhubung kami menunggu pemenuhan janji bahwa "
+"Mach diluncurkan sebagai perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
+"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
+"debugger to do it with. This part of the job had been done already, in "
+"Mach, and we expected to debug the Hurd servers as user programs, with GDB. "
+"But it took a long time to make that possible, and the multithreaded servers "
+"that send messages to each other have turned out to be very hard to debug. "
+"Making the Hurd work solidly has stretched on for many years."
+msgstr ""
+"Salah satu alasan memilih rancangan ini ialah penghindaran yang sepertinya "
+"merupakan hal yang paling sulit untuk tugas ini: <em>debugging</em> program "
+"kernel tanpa <em>source-level debugger</em>. Bagian ini sudah pernah "
+"dilakukan sebelumnya, di Mach, dan kami mengharapkan untuk men-debug server "
+"Hurd menggunakan GDB sebagai pengguna biasa. Ternyata, hal ini membutuhkan "
+"banyak waktu, serta <em>multithreaded server</em> yang saling mengirimkan "
+"pesan merupakan hal yang sulit di-debug. Membuat Hurd bekerja sempurna telah "
+"berlangsung bertahun-tahun."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Alix"
+msgstr "Alix"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
+"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
+"the time. She, a Unix system administrator, had pointed out how her name "
+"would fit a common naming pattern for Unix system versions; as a joke, she "
+"told her friends, “Someone should name a kernel after me.” I "
+"said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a kernel named Alix."
+msgstr ""
+"Kernel GNU semula bukan bernama Hurd. Nama aslinya Alix—dinamakan "
+"sesuai dengan nama wanita kesayanganku pada waktu itu. Dia, seorang "
+"administrator sistem, mengungkapkan bahwa namanya sesuai dengan pola nama "
+"versi Unix. Secara bercanda, dia mengatakan bahwa, “sesorang "
+"seharusnya menamakan kernel dengan nama tersebut.” Ku tak mengatakan "
+"apa-apa, namun memutuskan untuk memberikan kejutan dengan memberi nama "
+"kernel dengan Alix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
+"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
+"certain part of the kernel—the part that would trap system calls and "
+"handle them by sending messages to Hurd servers."
+msgstr ""
+"Hal tersebut tidak sepenuhnya terjadi. Michael (kini Thomas) Bushnell, "
+"pengembang utama kernel, lebih suka nama Hurd, serta menggunakan Alix "
+"sebagai sebuah bagian tertentu dari kernel—yang menangkap <em>system "
+"calls</em> serta melayani mereka dengan mengirimkan pesan kepada server HURD."
+
+# | [-Ultimately,-]{+Later,+} Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name;
+# | independently, the Hurd design was changed so that the C library would
+# | send messages directly to servers, and this made the Alix component
+# | disappear from the design.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Ultimately, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, "
+#| "the Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages "
+#| "directly to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the "
+#| "design."
+msgid ""
+"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
+"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
+"to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the design."
+msgstr ""
+"Sayangnya kami berpisah, serta Alix mengubah namanya. Secara terpisah, "
+"perancangan Hurd berubah sehingga <em>C library</em> akan mengirim pesan "
+"langsung ke para server, sehingga komponen Alix pun lenyap dari peredaran."
+
+# | But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name
+# | Alix in the Hurd source code, and mentioned [-the name-] {+it+} to her.
+# | So [-the name-] {+she+} did [-its job.-] {+have the chance to find a
+# | kernel named after her.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name "
+#| "Alix in the Hurd source code, and mentioned the name to her. So the name "
+#| "did its job."
+msgid ""
+"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
+"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
+"chance to find a kernel named after her."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun sebelum hal-hal tersebut terjadi, seorang rekan Alix menemukan nama "
+"Alix dalam kode program Hurd, serta memberitahukan hal tersebut kepadanya. "
+"Jadi, nama tersebut melaksanakan tugasnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
+msgstr "Linux dan GNU/Linux"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
+"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
+"from the flexibility of the design, and it is not clear whether solutions "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+# | [-The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use.-]Fortunately, another
+# | kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-compatible
+# | kernel and called it Linux. [-Around-] {+It was proprietary at first,
+# | but in+} 1992, {+he made it free software;+} combining Linux with the
+# | not-quite-complete GNU system resulted in a complete free operating
+# | system. (Combining them was a substantial job in itself, of course.) It
+# | is due to Linux that we can actually run a version of the GNU system today.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use. Fortunately, another "
+#| "kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-compatible "
+#| "kernel and called it Linux. Around 1992, combining Linux with the not-"
+#| "quite-complete GNU system resulted in a complete free operating system. "
+#| "(Combining them was a substantial job in itself, of course.) It is due "
+#| "to Linux that we can actually run a version of the GNU system today."
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
+"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
+"but in 1992, he made it free software; combining Linux with the not-quite-"
+"complete GNU system resulted in a complete free operating system. "
+"(Combining them was a substantial job in itself, of course.) It is due to "
+"Linux that we can actually run a version of the GNU system today."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU Hurd belum siap untuk penggunaan operasional. Untung, sebuah kernel lain "
+"telah siap. Tahun 1991, Linux Torvalds mengembangkan sebuah kernel "
+"kompatibel Unix dengan nama Linux. Sekitar 1992, penggabungan Linux dengan "
+"sistem GNU yang-belum-begitu-lengkap menghasilkan sebuah sistem operasi "
+"bebas (usaha penggabungan kedua hal tersebut merupakan sebuah hal yang cukup "
+"rumit). Berkat Linux, kita dapat menjalankan versi dari GNU dewasa ini."
+
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. {+Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing
+# | our work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">
+# | give us equal mention</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel."
+msgid ""
+"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
+"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
+"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
+"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami menamakannya sistem <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, "
+"untuk menyatakan bahwa hal tersebut terdiri dari sistem GNU dengan kernel "
+"Linux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Challenges in our future"
+msgstr "Tantangan Masa Depan Kita"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
+"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
+"make the future of free software uncertain; meeting them will require "
+"steadfast effort and endurance, sometimes lasting for years. It will "
+"require the kind of determination that people display when they value their "
+"freedom and will not let anyone take it away."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami telah membuktikan kemampuan kami untuk mengembangkan berbagai jenis "
+"perangkat lunak bebas. Ini tidak berarti bahwa kami tak terkalahkan atau "
+"terhentikan. Berbagai tantangan membuat masa depan penuh dengan ketidak-"
+"pastian; menghadapi tantangan tersebut membutuhkan upaya berkesinambungan "
+"dengan daya tahan yang kuat, terkadang selama bertahun-tahun. Ini "
+"membutuhkan orang-orang yang menghargai kebebasan mereka, serta tidak "
+"membiarkan ada yang merampas kebebasan tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
+msgstr "Keempat bagian berikut ini akan membahas tantangan tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Secret hardware"
+msgstr "Perangkat Keras Rahasia"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
+"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
+"XFree86 can support new hardware. We have complete free systems today, but "
+"we will not have them tomorrow if we cannot support tomorrow's computers."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pembuat perangkat keras cenderung untuk menjaga kerahasiaan spesifikasi "
+"perangkat mereka. Ini menyulitkan penulisan <em>driver</em> bebas agar Linux "
+"dan XFree86 dapat mendukung perangkat keras baru tersebut. Walau pun kita "
+"telah memiliki sistem bebas yang lengkap dewasa ini, namun mungkin saja "
+"tidak di masa mendatang, jika kita tidak dapat mendukung komputer yang akan "
+"datang."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
+"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
+"choose the hardware that is supported by free software; as our numbers "
+"increase, secrecy of specifications will become a self-defeating policy."
+msgstr ""
+"Ada dua cara penanggulangan masalah ini. Para pemrogram dapat melakukan "
+"rekayasa terbalik (<em>reverse engineering</em>) untuk mencari tahu cara "
+"mendukung perangkat keras tersebut. Namun, sebaiknya kita memilih perangkat "
+"keras yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak bebas. Jika kita cukup banyak, "
+"kerahasiaan spesifikasi dapat berubah menjadi kebijaksanaan bunuh diri."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
+"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
+"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
+"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
+"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
+"have freedom is widespread."
+msgstr ""
+"Rekayasa terbalik merupakan pekerjaan yang besar; apakah terdapat cukup "
+"pemrogram untuk melaksanakan tugas ini? Ya—jika kita sanggup membangun "
+"opini kuat bahwa perangkat lunak bebas merupakan hal yang hakiki, maka "
+"<em>driver</em> tidak bebas akan merupakan hal yang tidak dapat diterima. "
+"Apakah kebanyakan diantara kita bersedia membayar ekstra, bahkan dengan "
+"waktu ekstra, sehingga kita mendapatkan <em>driver</em> bebas? Ya—jika "
+"makna dari kebebasan merupakan hal yang diterima secara luas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
+"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
+"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
+"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Nonfree libraries"
+msgstr "<em>Library</em> Tidak Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
+"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
+"if you use the library, you fall into the trap, because your program cannot "
+"usefully be part of a free operating system. (Strictly speaking, we could "
+"include your program, but it won't <em>run</em> with the library missing.) "
+"Even worse, if a program that uses the proprietary library becomes popular, "
+"it can lure other unsuspecting programmers into the trap."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Library</em> tidak bebas yang berjalan pada perangkat lunak bebas cwdapt "
+"menjadi perangkap bagi pengembang perangkat lunak bebas. Fitur menarik dari "
+"<em>library</em> tersebut merupakan umpan; jika anda menggunakannya; anda "
+"akan terperangkap, karena program anda tidak akan menjadi bagian yang "
+"bermanfaat bagi sistem operasi bebas (Tepatnya, kita dapat memasukkan "
+"program anda, namun tidak akan <em>berjalan</em> jika <em>library</em>-nya "
+"tidak ada). Lebih parah lagi, jika program tersebut menjadi terkenal, "
+"tentunya akan menjebak lebih banyak lagi para pemrogram."
+
+# | The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s.
+# | Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what
+# | problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project responded in
+# | two ways: by asking individual free software projects to support the free
+# | X [-t-]{+T+}oolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for someone to
+# | write a free replacement for Motif. The job took many years; LessTif,
+# | developed by the Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to support
+# | most Motif applications only in 1997.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the "
+#| "80s. Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear "
+#| "what problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project "
+#| "responded in two ways: by asking individual free software projects to "
+#| "support the free X toolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for "
+#| "someone to write a free replacement for Motif. The job took many years; "
+#| "LessTif, developed by the Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to "
+#| "support most Motif applications only in 1997."
+msgid ""
+"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
+"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
+"problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project responded in "
+"two ways: by asking individual free software projects to support the free X "
+"Toolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for someone to write a free "
+"replacement for Motif. The job took many years; LessTif, developed by the "
+"Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to support most Motif "
+"applications only in 1997."
+msgstr ""
+"Contoh pertama dari masalah ini ialah perangkat bantu <em>Motif</em>, saat "
+"1980an. Walau pun pada saat tersebut belum ada sistem operasi bebas, telah "
+"menjadi jelas bahwa Motif berpeluang untuk menjadi masalah dikemudian hari. "
+"Proyek GNU menanggulangi ini dengan dua cara: meminta sejumlah proyek "
+"perangkat lunak bebas untuk mendukung perangkat bantu X dan Motif, serta "
+"menanyakan seseorang untuk menulis pengganti Motif yang bebas. Pekerjaan ini "
+"memakan waktu tahunan; LessTif, dikembangkan oleh para pemrogram <em>Hungry</"
+"em> (lapar), baru dapat mendukung kebanyakan aplikasi Motif ditahun 1997."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
+"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
+"substantial collection of free software, the desktop <acronym title=\"K "
+"Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
+msgstr ""
+"Antara 1996 dan 1998, kembali muncul perangkat bantu <em><acronym title="
+"\"Graphical User Interface\">GUI</acronym></em> yang tidak bebas yaitu Qt, "
+"yang digunakan pada sekumpulan perangkat lunak bebas, <acronym title=\"K "
+"Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
+"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
+"were not strict about sticking with free software added KDE to their "
+"systems—producing a system with more capabilities, but less freedom. "
+"The KDE group was actively encouraging more programmers to use Qt, and "
+"millions of new “Linux users” had never been exposed to the idea "
+"that there was a problem in this. The situation appeared grim."
+msgstr ""
+"Akibatnya, sistem GNU/Linux bebas tidak dapat menggunakan KDE, sebab tidak "
+"dapat menggunakan <em>library Qt</em> tersebut. Namun, beberapa distro "
+"sistem GNU/Linux yang tidak secara ketat mempermasalahkan perangkat lunak "
+"bebas—memasukkan KDE kedalam distro mereka—membuat sistem "
+"menjadi lebih mantap namun kurang bebas. Kelompok KDE secara aktif mengajak "
+"para pemrogram menggunakan Qt, serta jutaan “pengguna baru "
+"Linux” tidak pernah tahu bahwa ada masalah dengan hal ini. Keadaan "
+"menjadi menjengkelkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
+"Harmony."
+msgstr ""
+"Masyarakat perangkat lunak bebas menjawab masalah ini dengan dua cara: "
+"<em>GNOME</em> dan <em>Harmony</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
+"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
+"Hat Software, GNOME set out to provide similar desktop facilities, but using "
+"free software exclusively. It has technical advantages as well, such as "
+"supporting a variety of languages, not just C++. But its main purpose was "
+"freedom: not to require the use of any nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment</em> (Jaringan Model "
+"Obyek Lingkungan GNU), merupakan proyek <em>desktop</em> dari GNU. Dimulai "
+"semenjak 1997 oleh Miguel de Icaza, serta dikembangkan dengan dukungan dari "
+"<em>Red Hat Software</em>. GNOME dimaksudkan untuk menyediakan fasilitas "
+"<em>desktop</em>, namun sepenuhnya menggunakan perangkat lunak bebas. GNOME "
+"pun memiliki keunggulan teknis, seperti mendukung berbagai bahasa, dan bukan "
+"hanya C++. Namun, tujuan utamanya ialah kebebasan: sama sekali tidak "
+"menggunakan perangkat lunak yang tidak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
+"run KDE software without using Qt."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Harmony</em> merupakan <em>library</em> kompatibel pengganti, dirancang "
+"agar memungkinkan untuk menjalankan perangkat lunak KDE tanpa Qt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
+"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
+"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
+"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Pada bulan November 1998, para pengembang Qt mengumumkan perubahan lisensi, "
+"sehingga sepertinya Qt akan menjadi perangkat lunak bebas. Tidak ada "
+"kepastian, namun ku pikir ada kemungkinan hal ini terjadi karena tekanan "
+"masyarakat terhadap masalah Qt ketika belum menjadi perangkat lunak bebas "
+"(Lisensi baru tersebut tidak nyaman dan kurang adil, sehingga sebaiknya "
+"tetap saja menghindar Qt)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+"which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgstr ""
+"[Catatan tambahan: bulan September 2000, Qt diluncur-ulang menggunakan GNU "
+"GPL, yang intinya menyelesaikan masalah ini]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
+"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
+"give up freedom for convenience, and produce a major problem? Our future "
+"depends on our philosophy."
+msgstr ""
+"Apa yang akan kita lakukan pada godaan penggunaan <em>library</em> non-free "
+"berikutnya? Apakah seluruh masyarakat memahami perlunya penghindaran jebakan "
+"ini? Ataukah akan banyak diantara kita menggadaikan kebebasan demi "
+"kenyamanan, yang akan berakibat sebuah masalah besar? Masa mendatang kita "
+"tergantung pada filosofi kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Software patents"
+msgstr "Paten Perangkat Lunak"
+
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <acronym title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s. {+[As of
+# | 2009 they have expired.]+} In 1998, a free program to produce <acronym
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent suit.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<acronym title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s. In 1998, "
+#| "a free program to produce <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</"
+#| "acronym> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat of a "
+#| "patent suit."
+msgid ""
+"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
+"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
+"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <acronym title="
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s. [As of 2009 they have "
+"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
+"Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
+"threat of a patent suit."
+msgstr ""
+"Ancaman terburuk yang perlu dihadapi berasal dari paten perangkat lunak, "
+"yang dapat berakibat pembatasan fitur perangkat lunak bebas lebih dari dua "
+"puluh tahun. Paten algoritma kompresi LZW diterapkan 1983, serta hingga "
+"kini kita tidak dapat membuat perangkat lunak bebas untuk kompresi <acronym "
+"title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>. Tahun 1998 yang lalu, "
+"sebuah program bebas yang menghasilkan suara <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
+"Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> terkompresi terpaksa dihapus dari distro akibat "
+"ancaman penuntutan paten."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
+"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
+"each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may "
+"force all free software to lack some feature that users want. What will we "
+"do when this happens?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ada berbagai upaya menanggulangi paten: kita dapat mencarikan bukti bahwa "
+"sebuah paten tidak sah, atau kita mencari jalan alternatif untuk hal "
+"tersebut. Namun kedua upaya tersebut tidak selalu berhasil; ketika dua-"
+"duanya gagal, sebuah paten mungkin akan memaksa semua perangkat lunak bebas "
+"tidak memiliki fitur yang dibutuhkan para pengguna. Apa yang mesti dilakukan "
+"jika hal tersebut terjadi?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
+"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
+"features. But those who value free software because they expect it to be "
+"technically superior are likely to call it a failure when a patent holds it "
+"back. Thus, while it is useful to talk about the practical effectiveness of "
+"the “bazaar” model of development, and the reliability and power "
+"of some free software, we must not stop there. We must talk about freedom "
+"and principle."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagi yang menghargai perangkat lunak bebas demi kebebasan akan tetap hanya "
+"memanfaatkan perangkat lunak bebas. Kita upayakan bekerja tanpa fitur paten "
+"tersebut. Namun bagi yang menghargai perangkat lunak bebas karena "
+"mengharapkan keunggulan teknis, besar kemungkinan akan menganggap sesuatu "
+"kegagalan jika ada halangan paten. Jadi, walau pun ada manfaatnya "
+"membicarakan keefektifan praktis dari model pengembangan “"
+"<cite>bazaar</cite>”, dan kehandalan serta kecanggihan dari beberapa "
+"perangkat lunak bebas, kita seharusnya tidak berhenti di situ. Kita juga "
+"harus berbicara perihal kebebasan dan prinsip."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free documentation"
+msgstr "Dokumentasi Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
+"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
+"our systems. Documentation is an essential part of any software package; "
+"when an important free software package does not come with a good free "
+"manual, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah terbesar dari sistem operasi bebas kita bukan perangkat lunak—"
+"namun kekurangan manual bebas baik yang disertakan dalam sistem kita. "
+"Pendokumenan merupakan bagian penting dari paket perangkat lunak mana pun. "
+"Paket perangkat lunak bebas utama tanpa disertakan dengan manual bebas yang "
+"baik, akan merupakan kendala utama. Dewasa ini terdapat banyak rintangan "
+"seperti itu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
+"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
+"software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms. "
+"Redistribution (including commercial sale) must be permitted, online and on "
+"paper, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Dokumentasi bebas, seperti halnya perangkat lunak bebas, merupakan masalah "
+"kebebasan, dan bukan harga. Kriteria untuk manual bebas mirip dengan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas: merupakan masalah memberi seluruh pengguna kebebasan "
+"tertentu. Distribusi ulang (termasuk penjualan komersial) harus "
+"diperbolehkan: baik secara <em>on-line</em> mau pun <em>cetakan</em>, "
+"sehingga manual dapat disertakan pada setiap program."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
+"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
+"sorts of articles and books. For example, I don't think you or I are "
+"obliged to give permission to modify articles like this one, which describe "
+"our actions and our views."
+msgstr ""
+"Izin untuk memodifikasi merupakan hal yang penting pula. Secara umum, ku tak "
+"percaya keperluan untuk memodifikas segala rupa artikel dan buku. "
+"Umpamanya, ku pikir tak ada yang merasa berkewajiban untuk memberi izin "
+"mengubah artikel seperti ini, yang mengungkapkan tidakan mau pun pandangan "
+"dari kami sendiri."
+
+# | But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for
+# | documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to
+# | modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are
+# | conscientious they will change the manual, too—so they can provide
+# | accurate and usable documentation with the modified program. A [-manual-]
+# | {+nonfree manual,+} which does not allow programmers to be conscientious
+# | and finish the job, does not fill our community's needs.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
+#| "documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to "
+#| "modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are "
+#| "conscientious they will change the manual, too—so they can provide "
+#| "accurate and usable documentation with the modified program. A manual "
+#| "which does not allow programmers to be conscientious and finish the job, "
+#| "does not fill our community's needs."
+msgid ""
+"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
+"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
+"the software, and add or change its features, if they are conscientious they "
+"will change the manual, too—so they can provide accurate and usable "
+"documentation with the modified program. A nonfree manual, which does not "
+"allow programmers to be conscientious and finish the job, does not fill our "
+"community's needs."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, terdapat alasan tertentu mengapa kebebasan memodifikasi merupakan hal "
+"yang penting untuk dokumentasi perangkat lunak. Ketika terjadi perubahan "
+"perangkat lunak, serta menambah atau mengubah fitur-fiturnya, jika mereka "
+"apik, tentunya akan memodifikasi manualnya pula—sehingg mereka "
+"menyajikan dokumentasi yang akurat dan berguna bersama-sama dengan "
+"programnya. Sebuah manual yang tidak boleh diubah agar tetap akurat tidak "
+"akan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
+"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
+"the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are OK. It is also no "
+"problem to require modified versions to include notice that they were "
+"modified, even to have entire sections that may not be deleted or changed, "
+"as long as these sections deal with nontechnical topics. These kinds of "
+"restrictions are not a problem because they don't stop the conscientious "
+"programmer from adapting the manual to fit the modified program. In other "
+"words, they don't block the free software community from making full use of "
+"the manual."
+msgstr ""
+"Tidak ada masalah perihal pembatasan ketentuan mengubah berkas. Umpamanya, "
+"OK-OK saja kalau ada permintaan untuk tetap melampirkan ketentuan "
+"<em>copyright</em> (hakcipta) dari penulis asli, ketentuan distribusi, serta "
+"daftar lengkap pengarang. Demikian pula, seharusnya tidak apa-apa untuk "
+"meminta bahwa versi termodifikasi mencantumkan catatan bahwa telah dilakukan "
+"modifikasi, bahkan permintaan untuk tidak menghapus/ memodifikasi bagian-"
+"bagian tertentu dari dokumen, selama bagian tersebut membahas hal non-"
+"teknis. Pembatasan seperti ini tidak akan menhentikan para programmer untuk "
+"mengadaptasi manual agar sesuai dengan program. Dengan kata lain, ini tidak "
+"akan menghalangi masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan secara penuh manual tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
+"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
+"all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do obstruct the "
+"community, the manual is not free, and we need another manual."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, harus dibolehkan untuk mengubah seluruh isi <em>teknis</em> dari "
+"manual, serta mendistribusikan hasilnya melalui media seperti biasanya; "
+"kalau tidak, pembatasan akan mengganggu masyarakat, manual menjadi tidak "
+"bebas, dan kita membutuhkan manual yang lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
+"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
+"philosophy."
+msgstr ""
+"Apakah para pengembang perangkat lunak bebas memiliki kesadaran serta "
+"kehendak penuh untuk menulis seluruh manual bebas? Sekali lagi, masa "
+"mendatang kita tergantung pada filosofi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "We must talk about freedom"
+msgstr "Bicaralah Perihal Kebebasan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
+"practical reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"Dewasa ini terdapat kira-kira sepuluh juta pengguna sistem GNU/Linux seperti "
+"<em>Debian GNU/Linux</em> dan <em>Red Hat “Linux”</em>. "
+"Perangkat lunak bebas telah sedemikian canggihnya, sehingga didatangi secara "
+"berbondong-bondong oleh para pengguna semata karena alasan kepraktisan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
+"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
+"encourage companies to develop commercial free software instead of "
+"proprietary software products."
+msgstr ""
+"Dampak yang menguntungkan dari hal ini ialah: peningkatan minat "
+"mengembangkan perangkat lunak bebas, lebih banyak pengguna bisnis, serta "
+"daya tarik lebih untuk menganjurkan pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas "
+"komersial di sektor suasta (dari pada berpemilik)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
+"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
+"the challenges and threats described above depends on the will to stand firm "
+"for freedom. To make sure our community has this will, we need to spread "
+"the idea to the new users as they come into the community."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun sejalan dengan peningkatan ini, kepedulian terhadap filosofi perangkat "
+"lunak bebas pun mengendur. Ini dapat menjadi masalah. Kemampuan kita untuk "
+"menghadapi tantangan dan ancaman tersebut di atas sangat tergantung "
+"keinginan mempertahankan kebebasan. Agar kita tetap berkeinginan untuk "
+"bebas, diperlukan upaya penyebaran hal tersebut kepada para pengguna baru "
+"tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
+"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
+"community. We need to do both, and we need to keep the two efforts in "
+"balance."
+msgstr ""
+"Nyatanya kita gagal: upaya menarik pengguna baru jauh lebih pesat dari pada "
+"penyebaran filosofi kebebasan. Kita perlu melaksanakan keduanya, serta kita "
+"perlu menjaga keseimbangannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Open Source”"
+msgstr "“<em>Open Source</em>” (Terbuka)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
+"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
+"and say “open source software” instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Meyakinkan para pengguna baru perihal kebebasan menjadi lebih sulit di tahun "
+"1998, ketika sebagian memutuskan untuk tidak lagi menggunakan istilah “"
+"perangkat lunak bebas”, dan menggantinya dengan “perangkat lunak "
+"<em>open source</em>” (Terbuka)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
+"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
+"aimed to set aside the spirit of principle that had motivated the free "
+"software movement and the GNU Project, and to appeal instead to executives "
+"and business users, many of whom hold an ideology that places profit above "
+"freedom, above community, above principle. Thus, the rhetoric of “"
+"open source” focuses on the potential to make high-quality, powerful "
+"software, but shuns the ideas of freedom, community, and principle."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa yang lebih senang istilah ini berkilah bahwa ini menghindari "
+"istilah “bebas” sering diartikan “gratis”—"
+"tujuan yang absah. Lainnya, dengan sengaja mengesampingkan prinsip-prinsip "
+"gerakan perangkat lunak bebas dan proyek GNU, untuk menarik perhatian para "
+"eksekutif dan pengguna bisnis. Banyak diantara mereka lebih mengutamakan "
+"keuntungan dari pada kebebasan, di atas segalanya. Jadi, retorika “"
+"<em>open source</em>” berfokus pada kemungkinan pembuatan perangkat "
+"lunak yang canggih dan bermutu tinggi, dengan mengesampingkan hal-hal yang "
+"berhubungan dengan kebebasan, masyarakat, dan prinsip-prinsip."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
+"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
+"Linux. When the next Motif or Qt appears, will these magazines warn "
+"programmers to stay away from it, or will they run ads for it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Majalah-majalah “Linux” merupakan contoh nyata—mereka "
+"penuh dengan iklan-iklan perangkat lunak berpemilik yang jalan pada GNU/"
+"Linux. Jika “Motif” dan “Qt” berikut muncul, apakah "
+"majalah tersebut akan memperingatkan para pemrogram untuk menjauh dari "
+"program tersebut, atau mereka akan memuat iklan mereka?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
+"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
+"less about freedom and principle can be disastrous; it makes the previous "
+"imbalance between outreach and civics education even worse."
+msgstr ""
+"Dukungan dari pelaku bisnis dapat membantu masyarakat dalam berbagai cara; "
+"asalkan semua sederajat, menjadi bermanfaat. Namun menarik dukungan mereka "
+"dengan mengabaikan kebebasan dan prinsip-prinsip dapat menjadi bencana. Ini "
+"akan merusak—bahkan lebih parah—keseimbangan dengan menghalangi "
+"masyarakat mendapatkan informasi yang betul."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
+"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
+"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
+"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"technology, is important."
+msgstr ""
+"“Perangkat Lunak Bebas” dan “<em>Open Source</em>” "
+"secara garis besar merupakan kategori perangkat lunak yang sama, namun "
+"sangat berbeda dalam hal prinsip dan nilai. Proyek GNU akan meneruskan "
+"penggunaan istilah “perangkat lunak bebas”, untuk menekankan ide "
+"kebebasan, dan bukan sekedar bahwa teknologi itu penting."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Try!"
+msgstr "Cobalah!"
+
+# | Yoda's [-philosophy-] {+aphorism+} (“There is no
+# | ‘try’”) sounds neat, but it doesn't work for me. I have
+# | done most of my work while anxious about whether I could do the job, and
+# | unsure that it would be enough to achieve the goal if I did. But I tried
+# | anyway, because there was no one but me between the enemy and my city.
+# | Surprising myself, I have sometimes succeeded.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Yoda's philosophy (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds "
+#| "neat, but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while "
+#| "anxious about whether I could do the job, and unsure that it would be "
+#| "enough to achieve the goal if I did. But I tried anyway, because there "
+#| "was no one but me between the enemy and my city. Surprising myself, I "
+#| "have sometimes succeeded."
+msgid ""
+"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
+"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
+"whether I could do the job, and unsure that it would be enough to achieve "
+"the goal if I did. But I tried anyway, because there was no one but me "
+"between the enemy and my city. Surprising myself, I have sometimes "
+"succeeded."
+msgstr ""
+"Filosofi dari Yoda (“Tidak ada ‘coba-coba’”) "
+"terdengar enak, namun tidak untukku. Kebanyakan kerjaan daku dilakukan "
+"dengan harap-harap cemas apakah dapat terlaksana, serta tak yakin apakah "
+"tujuan akan tercapai. Namun tetap ku coba, sebab tidak ada yang dapat "
+"menghalangi. Terkadang keheranan sendiri, terkadang daku berhasil."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
+"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
+"to look for threats and put myself between them and my city, calling on "
+"other hackers to come and join me."
+msgstr ""
+"Terkadang daku gagal; beberapa cita-cita ku berantakan. Namun daku temukan "
+"ancaman-ancaman baru, sehingga ku siap untuk mencoba bertempur kembali. "
+"Sambil jalan, ku pelajari cara mengatasi ancaman, serta meminta para "
+"<em>hacker</em> lainnya untuk bergabung membantu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
+"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
+"may survive—for now. But the dangers are greater each year, and now "
+"Microsoft has explicitly targeted our community. We can't take the future "
+"of freedom for granted. Don't take it for granted! If you want to keep your "
+"freedom, you must be prepared to defend it."
+msgstr ""
+"Dewasa ini, daku bukan satu-satunya. Ini merupakan pelipur lara serta "
+"kegembiraan jika daku melihat sepasukan <em>hackers</em> bahu membahu "
+"mempertahankan ancaman. Namun ancaman selalu bertambah setiap tahunnya, dan "
+"kini Microsoft secara nyata mengancam masyarakat kami. Kita tidak dapat "
+"menganggap kebebasan sebagai sesuatu yang akan didapatkan begitu saja. Jika "
+"anda ingin mempertahankan kebebasan, anda mesti mempersiapkan untuk "
+"membelanya."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015 "
+"Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 1998, 2001 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: licenses/po/bsd.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: licenses/po/bsd.id.po
diff -N licenses/po/bsd.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ licenses/po/bsd.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+# Indonedian translation of http://www.gnu.org/licenses/bsd.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: licenses/bsd.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-12-19 22:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-06-21 09:55+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "BSD License Problem - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Masalah Lisensi BSD - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The BSD License Problem"
+msgstr "Masalah Lisensi BSD"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"See <a href=\"/licenses/license-recommendations.html\">“How to choose "
+"a license for your own work”</a> for general recommendations about "
+"choosing a license for your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The two major categories of free software license are <a href=\"/copyleft/"
+"copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-"
+"CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> non-copyleft</a>. <a href=\"/licenses/license-"
+"list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses\">Copyleft licenses</a> such as the <a href="
+"\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU GPL</a> insist that modified versions of the "
+"program must be free software as well. Non-copyleft licenses do not insist "
+"on this. <a href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html\">We recommend copyleft</"
+"a>, because it protects freedom for all users, but non-copylefted software "
+"can still be free software, and useful to the free software community."
+msgstr ""
+"Dua kategori utama dari lisensi perangkat lunak bebas ialah <a href=\"/"
+"copyleft/copyleft.html\"><em>copyleft</em></a> dan <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> <em>non-copyleft</em></a>. <a "
+"href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses\">Lisensi "
+"<em>copyleft</em></a> seperti <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU GPL</a> "
+"menekankan bahwa versi program yang dimodifikasi harus menjadi perangkat "
+"lunak bebas juga. Sedangkan, <em>non-copyleft</em> tidak menekankan hal "
+"tersebut. <a href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html\">Kami menganjurkan "
+"<em>copyleft</em></a>, karena melindungi kebebasan untuk semua pengguna. "
+"Walau pun demikian, perangkat lunak <em>non-copyleft</em> masih bisa menjadi "
+"perangkat lunak bebas, dan berguna untuk masyarakat perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are many variants of simple <a href=\"/licenses/license-list."
+"html#GPLCompatibleLicenses\">non-copyleft free software licenses</a>, such "
+"as the Expat license, FreeBSD license, X10 license, the X11 license, and the "
+"two BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) licenses. Most of them are "
+"equivalent except for details of wording, but the license used for BSD until "
+"1999 had a special problem: the “obnoxious BSD advertising "
+"clause”. It said that every advertisement mentioning the software must "
+"include a particular sentence:"
+msgstr ""
+"Terdapat berbagai variasi <a href=\"/licenses/license-list."
+"html#GPLCompatibleLicenses\">lisensi sederhana dari perangkat lunak bebas "
+"<em>non-copyleft</em></a>, seperti lisensi Expat, lisensi FreeBSD, lisensi "
+"X10, lisensi X11, dan kedua lisensi BSD (<em>Berkely Software Distribution</"
+"em>). Kebanyakan lisensi tersebut serupa kecuali dalam rincian kalimatnya, "
+"namun lisensi yang digunakan oleh BSD hingga 1999 memiliki masalah khusus, "
+"yaitu âketentuan mengiklankan BSD yang menyebalkanâ. Disitu dikatakan
bahwa "
+"setiap iklan yang menyebutkan perangkat lunak tersebut, harus memasukkan "
+"beberapa kalimat:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software\n"
+" must display the following acknowledgement:\n"
+" This product includes software developed by the University of\n"
+" California, Berkeley and its contributors.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"3. Semua material iklan yang menyebutkan fitur atau kegunaan dari \n"
+" software ini harus mengungkapkan penghargaan sebagai berikut:\n"
+" Produk ini menggunakan perangkat lunak yang dikembangkan oleh \n"
+" Universitas Kalifornia Berkeley (UCB), dan kontributornya.\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Initially the obnoxious BSD advertising clause was used only in the Berkeley "
+"Software Distribution. That did not cause any particular problem, because "
+"including one sentence in an ad is not a great practical difficulty."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada awalnya, ketentuan menyebalkan ini hanya digunakan pada BSD. Hal "
+"tersebut tidak menyebabkan masalah, karena penyisipan satu kalimat pada "
+"iklan tersebut tidak menimbulkan kesulitan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If other developers who used BSD-like licenses had copied the BSD "
+"advertising clause verbatim—including the sentence that refers to the "
+"University of California—then they would not have made the problem any "
+"bigger."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika para pengembang lain yang menggunakan lisensi serupa BSD menyertakan "
+"ketentuan ini secara utuh—termasuk merujuk ke UCB—tidak akan "
+"menyebabkan masalah yang besar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, as you might expect, other developers did not copy the clause "
+"verbatim. They changed it, replacing “University of California” "
+"with their own institution or their own names. The result is a plethora of "
+"licenses, requiring a plethora of different sentences."
+msgstr ""
+"Tetapi seperti yang anda perkirakan, para pengembang ini tidak menyalin "
+"secara utuh, melainkan menukar nama “UCB” dengan institusi "
+"masing-masing. Akibatnya, terdapat tumpukan kalimat lisensi dengan "
+"ketentuan yang beragam pula."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When people put many such programs together in an operating system, the "
+"result is a serious problem. Imagine if a software system required 75 "
+"different sentences, each one naming a different author or group of "
+"authors. To advertise that, you would need a full-page ad."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika meletakkan berbagai program di atas ke dalam suatu sistem operasi, akan "
+"berakibat masalah yang besar. Bayangkan jika sebuah sistem perangkat lunak "
+"mengharuskan penayangan 75 kalimat yang berbeda, setiap program menyebutkan "
+"pengarang atau kelompok pengarang yang berbeda. Untuk mengiklankan hal "
+"tersebut, anda akan membutuhkan sebuah halaman iklan penuh tersendiri."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This might seem like extrapolation ad absurdum, but it is actual fact.
+# | [-NetBSD comes with a long list of different sentences, required by the
+# | various licenses for parts of the system.-] In a 1997 version of NetBSD,
+# | I counted 75 of these sentences. [-I would not be surprised if the list-]
+# | {+(Fortunately NetBSD+} has [-grown by now.-] {+decided to stop adding
+# | them, and to remove those it could.)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This might seem like extrapolation ad absurdum, but it is actual fact. "
+#| "NetBSD comes with a long list of different sentences, required by the "
+#| "various licenses for parts of the system. In a 1997 version of NetBSD, I "
+#| "counted 75 of these sentences. I would not be surprised if the list has "
+#| "grown by now."
+msgid ""
+"This might seem like extrapolation ad absurdum, but it is actual fact. In a "
+"1997 version of NetBSD, I counted 75 of these sentences. (Fortunately "
+"NetBSD has decided to stop adding them, and to remove those it could.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hal ini seperti aneh tapi nyata. NetBSD menggunakan berbagai kalimat "
+"berbeda, yang ditentukan oleh berbagai lisensi komponen sistem. Pada NetBSD "
+"versi 1997 saja terdapat 75 buah kalimat pernyataan, dan tidak mengherankan "
+"jika jumlahnya telah semakin bertambah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To address this problem, in my “spare time” I talk with "
+"developers who have used BSD-style licenses, asking them if they would "
+"please remove the advertising clause. Around 1996 I spoke with the "
+"developers of FreeBSD about this, and they decided to remove the advertising "
+"clause from all of their own code. In May 1998 the developers of Flick, at "
+"the University of Utah, removed this clause."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pada saat “waktu luang”, saya "
+"menghubungi para pengembang yang menggunakan lisensi serupa BSD, dengan "
+"menanyakan apakah mereka bersedia untuk menghilangkan ketentuan periklanan "
+"tersebut. Sekitar 1996, saya menghubungi para pengembang FreeBSD, dan mereka "
+"memutuskan untuk menghapus ketentuan periklanan dari semua program mereka "
+"sendiri. Pada bulan Mei 1998 para pengembang Flick di Universitas Utah juga "
+"menghapus ketentuan ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dean Hal Varian at the University of California took up the cause, and "
+"championed it with the administration. In June 1999, after two years of "
+"discussions, the University of California removed this clause from the "
+"license of BSD."
+msgstr ""
+"Hal Varian, Dekan Universitas Kalifornia juga menanggapi dan memperjuangkan "
+"permasalahan ini. Setelah melakukan pembicaraan yang panjang selama 2 tahun, "
+"akhirnya pada bulan Juni 1999, Universitas Kalifornia memutuskan untuk "
+"meniadakan penggunaan ketentuan ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, there is now a new BSD license which does not contain the advertising "
+"clause. Unfortunately, this does not eliminate the legacy of the "
+"advertising clause: similar clauses are still present in the licenses of "
+"many packages which are not part of BSD. The change in license for BSD has "
+"no effect on the other packages which imitated the old BSD license; only the "
+"developers who made them can change them."
+msgstr ""
+"Saat ini, lisensi BSD tidak lagi mengandung \"ketentuan periklanan\" "
+"tersebut. Sayangnya, hal ini tidak menghapuskan penggunaannya secara "
+"menyeluruh: ketentuan tersebut masih ada karena beberapa ketentuan serupa "
+"dalam yang bukan merupakan bagian dari BSD. Perubahan pada lisensi BSD "
+"ternyata tidak berpengaruh lansung pada pada paket-paket lain yang meniru "
+"lisensi BSD yang lama: hanya para pengembangnya yang dapat mengubahnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But if they followed Berkeley's lead before, maybe Berkeley's change in "
+"policy will convince some of them to change. It's worth asking."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun jika mereka selalu mengikuti jejak Berkeley, mungkin perubahan "
+"kebijakan di Berkeley dapat menyakinkan mereka untuk berubah juga."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So if you have a favorite package which still uses the BSD license with the "
+"advertising clause, please ask the maintainer to look at this web page, and "
+"consider making the change."
+msgstr ""
+"Jadi jika anda memiliki paket favorit yang masih menggunakan lisensi BSD "
+"lama, tolong tunjukkan halaman web ini kepada pengembangnya, agar mereka "
+"mempertimbangkan untuk melakukan perubahan juga."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | And if you want to release a program as non-copylefted free software,
+# | please don't use the advertising clause. [-Instead-] {+Thus, instead+}
+# | of copying the BSD license from some released package—which might
+# | still have the old version of the license in it—please [-copy-]
+# | {+use one of+} the [-license from XFree86.-] {+other permissive licenses,
+# | such as Expat or FreeBSD.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "And if you want to release a program as non-copylefted free software, "
+#| "please don't use the advertising clause. Instead of copying the BSD "
+#| "license from some released package—which might still have the old "
+#| "version of the license in it—please copy the license from XFree86."
+msgid ""
+"And if you want to release a program as non-copylefted free software, please "
+"don't use the advertising clause. Thus, instead of copying the BSD license "
+"from some released package—which might still have the old version of "
+"the license in it—please use one of the other permissive licenses, "
+"such as Expat or FreeBSD."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan jika anda berniat mempuat program perangkat lunak bebas <em>non-"
+"copyleft</em>, sebaiknya tidak menggunakan lisensi yang mengandung ketentuan "
+"pengiklanan. Sebagai pengganti lisensi BSD lama, silahkan menggunakan "
+"lisensi XFree86 yang baru."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | You can also help spread awareness of the issue by not [-calling a license
+# | “BSD-style” unless you mean specifically-] {+using+} the
+# | [-old-] {+term “BSD-style”, and not saying “the+} BSD
+# | [-license with its troublesome advertising clause.-] {+license”
+# | which implies there is only one.+} You see, when people refer to all
+# | non-copyleft free software licenses as [-“BSD-] {+“BSD-style+}
+# | licenses”, some new free software developer who wants to use a
+# | non-copyleft free software license might take for granted that the place
+# | to get it is from BSD. He or she might copy the license with the
+# | advertising clause, not [-as a firm decision, but-] {+by specific
+# | intention,+} just by [-default.-] {+chance.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You can also help spread awareness of the issue by not calling a license "
+#| "“BSD-style” unless you mean specifically the old BSD license "
+#| "with its troublesome advertising clause. You see, when people refer to "
+#| "all non-copyleft free software licenses as “BSD licenses”, "
+#| "some new free software developer who wants to use a non-copyleft free "
+#| "software license might take for granted that the place to get it is from "
+#| "BSD. He or she might copy the license with the advertising clause, not "
+#| "as a firm decision, but just by default."
+msgid ""
+"You can also help spread awareness of the issue by not using the term “"
+"BSD-style”, and not saying “the BSD license” which implies "
+"there is only one. You see, when people refer to all non-copyleft free "
+"software licenses as “BSD-style licenses”, some new free "
+"software developer who wants to use a non-copyleft free software license "
+"might take for granted that the place to get it is from BSD. He or she "
+"might copy the license with the advertising clause, not by specific "
+"intention, just by chance."
+msgstr ""
+"Anda juga dapat menyebarkan kepedulian terhadap masalah ini dengan cara "
+"tidak menyebut suatu lisensi sebagai “gaya BSD” kecuali yang "
+"anda maksudkan ialah lisensi BSD yang lama yang mempunyai masalah iklan "
+"baris. Jika merujuk semua lisensi perangkat lunak bebas <em>non-copyleft</"
+"em> sebagai “lisensi BSD”, ada kemungkinan bahwa para pengembang "
+"perangkat lunak bebas <em>noncopyleft</em> menyangka bahwa lisensi tersebut "
+"berasal dari BSD. Mungkin saja mereka meniru lisensi tersebut, termasuk "
+"ketentuan periklanan, padahal mungkin mereka tidak menginginkannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If you would like to cite one specific example of a non-copyleft license,
+# | and you have no particular preference, please pick an example which has no
+# | particular problem. For instance, if you talk about “X11-style
+# | licenses”, you will encourage people to [-imitate X11 and avoid-]
+# | {+copy the license from X11, which avoids+} the advertising clause for
+# | certain, rather than take a risk by [-imitating-] {+randomly choosing+}
+# | one o[-r-]{+f+} the [-other-] BSD license{+s+}.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you would like to cite one specific example of a non-copyleft license, "
+#| "and you have no particular preference, please pick an example which has "
+#| "no particular problem. For instance, if you talk about “X11-style "
+#| "licenses”, you will encourage people to imitate X11 and avoid the "
+#| "advertising clause for certain, rather than take a risk by imitating one "
+#| "or the other BSD license."
+msgid ""
+"If you would like to cite one specific example of a non-copyleft license, "
+"and you have no particular preference, please pick an example which has no "
+"particular problem. For instance, if you talk about “X11-style "
+"licenses”, you will encourage people to copy the license from X11, "
+"which avoids the advertising clause for certain, rather than take a risk by "
+"randomly choosing one of the BSD licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda hendak menyebutkan sebuah contoh lisensi <em>non-copyleft</em>, "
+"gunakan contoh yang tidak bermasalah. Sebagai contoh, jika anda "
+"membicarakan “ciri lisensi X11”, mungkin akan ada yang tertarik "
+"untuk meniru X11, dan terhindar ketentuan periklanan, daripada harus "
+"mengambil resiko meniru satu atau beberapa lisensi BSD yang lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Or you could mention the non-copyleft license which <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"license-recommendations.html\"> we recommend over the other non-copyleft "
+"licenses</a>: the Apache 2.0 license, which has a clause to prevent "
+"treachery with patents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When you want to refer specifically to one of the BSD licenses, please "
+"always state which one: the “original BSD license” or the “"
+"Modified BSD license”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later a third BSD license variant was introduced, with only the first two of "
+"the original BSD license's four clauses. We call it the “FreeBSD "
+"license.” It is a lax, noncopyleft free license, compatible with the "
+"GNU GPL, much like the modified BSD license."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2015 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: licenses/po/copyleft.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: licenses/po/copyleft.id.po
diff -N licenses/po/copyleft.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ licenses/po/copyleft.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/licenses/copyleft.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: licenses/copyleft.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-01 17:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2004-10-29 04:35+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "What is Copyleft? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Apakah Copyleft Itu? - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid "GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Copyleft"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Linux, "
+"Copyleft"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "What is Copyleft?"
+msgstr "Apakah <em>Copyleft</em> itu?"
+
+# | Copyleft is a general method for making a program
+# | [-<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>-] {+(or other
+# | work) free (<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">in the sense of freedom,
+# | not “zero price”</a>),+} and requiring all modified and
+# | extended versions of the program to be free [-software-] as well.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft is a general method for making a program <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> and requiring all modified "
+#| "and extended versions of the program to be free software as well."
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft is a general method for making a program (or other work) free (<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">in the sense of freedom, not “zero "
+"price”</a>), and requiring all modified and extended versions of the "
+"program to be free as well."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Copyleft</em> merupakan metoda umum untuk membuat sebuah program menjadi "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">perangkat lunak bebas</a>, serta "
+"menjamin kebebasannya untuk semua modifikasi dan versi-versi berikutnya."
+
+# | The simplest way to make a program free {+software+} is to put it in the
+# | <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\">public
+# | domain</a>, uncopyrighted. This allows people to share the program and
+# | their improvements, if they are so minded. But it also allows
+# | uncooperative people to convert the program into <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary
+# | software</a>. They can make changes, many or few, and distribute the
+# | result as a proprietary product. People who receive the program in that
+# | modified form do not have the freedom that the original author gave them;
+# | the middleman has stripped it away.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The simplest way to make a program free is to put it in the <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\">public domain</a>, "
+#| "uncopyrighted. This allows people to share the program and their "
+#| "improvements, if they are so minded. But it also allows uncooperative "
+#| "people to convert the program into <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+#| "html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary software</a>. They can make "
+#| "changes, many or few, and distribute the result as a proprietary "
+#| "product. People who receive the program in that modified form do not "
+#| "have the freedom that the original author gave them; the middleman has "
+#| "stripped it away."
+msgid ""
+"The simplest way to make a program free software is to put it in the <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\">public domain</a>, "
+"uncopyrighted. This allows people to share the program and their "
+"improvements, if they are so minded. But it also allows uncooperative "
+"people to convert the program into <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary software</a>. They can make changes, "
+"many or few, and distribute the result as a proprietary product. People who "
+"receive the program in that modified form do not have the freedom that the "
+"original author gave them; the middleman has stripped it away."
+msgstr ""
+"Cara termudah untuk membuat sebuah program bebas ialah meletakkannya di <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\"><em>public domain</"
+"em></a> tanpa hak cipta. Jika berniat baik, cara ini memang dapat menjadi "
+"sarana saling berbagi program serta melakukan perbaikan. Namun tanpa niat "
+"baik, ada kemungkinan untuk mengubah program tersebut menjadi <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">perangkat lunak berpemilik "
+"(18k huruf)</a>. Dengan sedikit (atau banyak) perubahan, program tersebut "
+"dapat didistribusikan kembali sebagai perangkat lunak berpemilik. Orang "
+"yang menerima program yang telah diubah tersebut tidak lagi memiliki "
+"kebebasan sebagai mana yang diberikan oleh pembuat aslinya; karena dirampas "
+"oleh para perantara."
+
+# | In the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU project</a>, our aim is to
+# | give <em>all</em> users the freedom to redistribute and change GNU
+# | software. If middlemen could strip off the freedom, [-we-] {+our code+}
+# | might “have many users,” but [-those users-] {+it+} would not
+# | [-have-] {+give them+} freedom. So instead of putting GNU software in the
+# | public domain, we “copyleft” it. Copyleft says that anyone
+# | who redistributes the software, with or without changes, must pass along
+# | the freedom to further copy and change it. Copyleft guarantees that every
+# | user has freedom.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU project</a>, our aim is to "
+#| "give <em>all</em> users the freedom to redistribute and change GNU "
+#| "software. If middlemen could strip off the freedom, we might “have "
+#| "many users,” but those users would not have freedom. So instead of "
+#| "putting GNU software in the public domain, we “copyleft” it. "
+#| "Copyleft says that anyone who redistributes the software, with or without "
+#| "changes, must pass along the freedom to further copy and change it. "
+#| "Copyleft guarantees that every user has freedom."
+msgid ""
+"In the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU project</a>, our aim is to "
+"give <em>all</em> users the freedom to redistribute and change GNU "
+"software. If middlemen could strip off the freedom, our code might “"
+"have many users,” but it would not give them freedom. So instead of "
+"putting GNU software in the public domain, we “copyleft” it. "
+"Copyleft says that anyone who redistributes the software, with or without "
+"changes, must pass along the freedom to further copy and change it. "
+"Copyleft guarantees that every user has freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Dalam <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">proyek GNU</a>, kami bertujuan "
+"untuk memberikan kebebasan kepada <em>semua</em> pengguna untuk "
+"mendistribusikan kembali dan mengubah perangkat lunak GNU. Jika para "
+"perantara mampu merampas kebebasan tersebut, kami mungkin akan âmemiliki "
+"lebih banyak penggunaâ, namun tanpa kebebasan. Jadi, daripada meletakkan "
+"perangkat lunak GNU di <em>public domain</em>, kami
meng-â<em>copyleft</em>â-"
+"kannya. <em>Copyleft</em> menyatakan bahwa siapa pun yang mendistribusikan "
+"kembali perangkat lunak, dengan atau tanpa perubahan, harus memberikan "
+"kebebasan untuk menggandakan dan mengubahnya. <em>Copyleft</em> menjamin "
+"bahwa setiap pengguna memiliki kebebasan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft also provides an <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">incentive</"
+"a> for other programmers to add to free software. Important free programs "
+"such as the GNU C++ compiler exist only because of this."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Copyleft</em> juga <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">mendorong</a> "
+"kepada pemrogram lain untuk menambah perangkat lunak bebas. Program bebas "
+"utama seperti kompilator GNU C++ muncul karena hal ini."
+
+# | Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute <a
+# | href=\"/prep/tasks.html\">improvements</a> to <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> get permission to do
+# | [-that.-] {+so.+} These programmers often work for companies or
+# | universities that would do almost anything to get more money. A
+# | programmer may want to contribute her changes to the community, but her
+# | employer may want to turn the changes into a proprietary software product.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute <a href=\"/prep/"
+#| "tasks.html\">improvements</a> to <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+#| "\">free software</a> get permission to do that. These programmers often "
+#| "work for companies or universities that would do almost anything to get "
+#| "more money. A programmer may want to contribute her changes to the "
+#| "community, but her employer may want to turn the changes into a "
+#| "proprietary software product."
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute <a href=\"/prep/tasks."
+"html\">improvements</a> to <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free "
+"software</a> get permission to do so. These programmers often work for "
+"companies or universities that would do almost anything to get more money. "
+"A programmer may want to contribute her changes to the community, but her "
+"employer may want to turn the changes into a proprietary software product."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Copyleft</em> juga membantu pemrogram yang ingin berkontribusi dalam <a "
+"href=\"/prep/tasks.html\">peningkatan kinerja</a> <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"sw.html\">perangkat lunak bebas</a> mendapatkan izin untuk melakukannya. "
+"Kebanyakan dari para pemrogram tersebut bekerja bekerja di perusahaan-"
+"perusahaan dan unuiversitas-universitas yang hampir mau melakukan apa saja "
+"untuk mendapatkan uang yang lebih banyak. Seorang pemrogram mungkin ingin "
+"menyumbangkan hasil pengembangannya untuk masyarakat, namun sang majikan "
+"mungkin ingin mengubah hasil pengembangan tersebut menjadi sebuah perangkat "
+"lunak berpemilik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When we explain to the employer that it is illegal to distribute the "
+"improved version except as free software, the employer usually decides to "
+"release it as free software rather than throw it away."
+msgstr ""
+"Ketika kami menjelaskan kepada para majikan bahwa tidak boleh untuk "
+"mendistribusikan versi pengembangan kecuali sebagai perangkat lunak bebas, "
+"mereka biasanya memutuskan untuk mendistribusikannya sebagai perangkat lunak "
+"bebas daripada membuangnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To copyleft a program, we first state that it is copyrighted; then we add "
+"distribution terms, which are a legal instrument that gives everyone the "
+"rights to use, modify, and redistribute the program's code, <em>or any "
+"program derived from it</em>, but only if the distribution terms are "
+"unchanged. Thus, the code and the freedoms become legally inseparable."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk meng-<em>copyleft</em>-kan sebuah program, pertama-tama kami meng-hak-"
+"cipta-kan program tersebut; lalu kami tambahkan ketentuan distribusi, "
+"sebagai perangkat sah yang memberikan hak kepada setiap orang untuk "
+"menggunakan, mengubah, dan mendistribusikan kembali kode program, <em>atau "
+"turunannya</em>, namun hanya jika ketentuan distribusinya tidak berubah. "
+"Sehingga kode dan kebebasan mengubahnya menjadi kesatuan yang sah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software developers use copyright to take away the users' "
+"freedom; we use copyright to guarantee their freedom. That's why we reverse "
+"the name, changing “copyright” into “copyleft.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Para pengembang perangkat lunak berpemilik menggunakan hak cipta untuk "
+"menghilangkan kebebasan para pengguna. Sedangkan kami menggunakan hak cipta "
+"untuk menjamin kebebasan para pengguna. Itulah sebabnya mengapa kami "
+"mengubah istilah â<em>copyright</em>â (hak cipta) menjadi
â<em>copyleft</"
+"em>â."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft is a way of using of the copyright on the program. It doesn't mean "
+"abandoning the copyright; in fact, doing so would make copyleft impossible. "
+"The “left” in “copyleft” is not a reference to the "
+"verb “to leave”—only to the direction which is the mirror "
+"image of “right”."
+msgstr ""
+
+# | Copyleft is a general [-concept; there are many ways to fill in-]
+# | {+concept, and you can't use a general concept directly; you can only use
+# | a specific implementation of+} the [-details.-] {+concept.+} In the GNU
+# | Project, the specific distribution terms that we use {+for most software+}
+# | are contained in the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU General Public
+# | License (available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.txt\">text</a>,
+# | and <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.texi\">Texinfo</a> format). The GNU General
+# | Public License is often called the GNU GPL for short. There is also a <a
+# | href=\"/copyleft/gpl-faq.html\">Frequently Asked Questions</a> page about
+# | the GNU GPL. {+You can also read about <a
+# | href=\"/copyleft/why-assign.html\">why the FSF gets copyright assignments
+# | from contributors</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft is a general concept; there are many ways to fill in the "
+#| "details. In the GNU Project, the specific distribution terms that we use "
+#| "are contained in the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU General Public "
+#| "License (available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.txt\">text</a>, "
+#| "and <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.texi\">Texinfo</a> format). The GNU General "
+#| "Public License is often called the GNU GPL for short. There is also a <a "
+#| "href=\"/copyleft/gpl-faq.html\">Frequently Asked Questions</a> page about "
+#| "the GNU GPL."
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft is a general concept, and you can't use a general concept directly; "
+"you can only use a specific implementation of the concept. In the GNU "
+"Project, the specific distribution terms that we use for most software are "
+"contained in the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License "
+"(available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.txt\">text</a>, and <a href="
+"\"/copyleft/gpl.texi\">Texinfo</a> format). The GNU General Public License "
+"is often called the GNU GPL for short. There is also a <a href=\"/copyleft/"
+"gpl-faq.html\">Frequently Asked Questions</a> page about the GNU GPL. You "
+"can also read about <a href=\"/copyleft/why-assign.html\">why the FSF gets "
+"copyright assignments from contributors</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Copyleft</em> merupakan suatu konsep umum; terdapat berbagai cara untuk "
+"membuat rinciannya. Untuk proyek GNU, ketentuan distribusi secara rinci "
+"tercantum di <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\"><em>GNU General Public License</"
+"em> (Lisensi Publik Umum GNU; tersedia dalam format HTML,</a> <a href=\"/"
+"copyleft/gpl.txt\">teks biasa</a>, dan <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.texi"
+"\">Texinfo</a>). Lisensi Publik Umum GNU (GNU General Public License) "
+"biasanya disingkat dengan GNU GPL. Silakan juga melihat <a href=\"/copyleft/"
+"gpl-faq.html\">FAQ (Yang Sering Ditanyakan)</a> perihal GNU GPL dan <a href="
+"\"/copyleft/why-assign.html\">mengapa FSF mendapatkan amanat hak cipta dari "
+"para kontributor</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"An alternate form of copyleft, the <a href=\"/licenses/agpl.html\">GNU "
+"Affero General Public License (AGPL) (available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/"
+"licenses/agpl.txt\">text</a>, and <a href=\"/licenses/agpl.texi\">Texinfo</"
+"a> format), is designed for programs that are likely to be used on servers. "
+"It ensures that modified versions used to implement services available to "
+"the public are released as source code to the public."
+msgstr ""
+
+# | [-An alternate-]{+A compromise+} form of copyleft, the <a
+# | href=\"/licenses/lgpl.html\">GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
+# | (available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.txt\">text</a>, and <a
+# | href=\"/licenses/lgpl.texi\">Texinfo</a> format), applies to a few (but
+# | not all) GNU libraries. [-This license was formerly called the Library
+# | GPL, but we changed the name, because the old name encouraged to use this
+# | license-] {+To learn+} more [-often than it should be used. For an
+# | explanation of why this change was necessary,-] {+about properly using the
+# | LGPL, please+} read the article <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"><cite>Why you shouldn't use the
+# | Lesser GPL for your next library</cite></a>.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An alternate form of copyleft, the <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.html\">GNU "
+#| "Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/"
+#| "licenses/lgpl.txt\">text</a>, and <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.texi"
+#| "\">Texinfo</a> format), applies to a few (but not all) GNU libraries. "
+#| "This license was formerly called the Library GPL, but we changed the "
+#| "name, because the old name encouraged to use this license more often than "
+#| "it should be used. For an explanation of why this change was necessary, "
+#| "read the article <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"><cite>Why you "
+#| "shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your next library</cite></a>."
+msgid ""
+"A compromise form of copyleft, the <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.html\">GNU "
+"Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/"
+"licenses/lgpl.txt\">text</a>, and <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.texi\">Texinfo</"
+"a> format), applies to a few (but not all) GNU libraries. To learn more "
+"about properly using the LGPL, please read the article <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"why-not-lgpl.html\"><cite>Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your next "
+"library</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Alternatif dari <em>copyleft</em> ialah <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.html\">GNU "
+"Lesser General Public License (LGPL; Lisensi Publik Sedikit Kurang Umum GNU; "
+"tersedia dalam format HTML</a>, <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.txt\">teks biasa</"
+"a>, dan <a href=\"/licenses/lgpl.texi\">Texinfo</a>), digunakan untuk "
+"beberapa (tapi tidak semua) <em>library</em> GNU. Lisensi ini pada awalnya "
+"disebut <em>Library GPL</em>, lalu diubah karena nama tersebut mendorong "
+"penggunaan lisensi tersebut lebih sering dari yang seharusnya. Untuk "
+"penjelasan mengapa perubahan ini diperlukan, silakan membaca <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"><cite>Mengapa anda sebaiknya tidak "
+"menggunakan <em>Lesser GPL</em> sebagai <em>library</em> anda selanjutnya?</"
+"cite></a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation License (FDL) "
+"(available in HTML</a>, <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.txt\">text</a> and <a href="
+"\"/copyleft/fdl.texi\">Texinfo)</a> is a form of copyleft intended for use "
+"on a manual, textbook or other document to assure everyone the effective "
+"freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifications, either "
+"commercially or noncommercially."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html\"><em>GNU Free Documentation License</em> (FDL; "
+"Lisensi Dokumentasi Bebas GNU; tersedia dalam format html,</a> <a href=\"/"
+"copyleft/fdl.txt\">teks biasa</a> dan <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.texi"
+"\">Texinfo)</a>; merupakan bentuk lain dari <em>copyleft</em> dalam "
+"penggunaan manual, buku teks, atau dokumen lain; untuk memastikan kepada "
+"semua orang keefektifan dari kebebasan untuk menggandakan dan "
+"mendistribusikannya kembali, dengan atau tanpa perubahan, baik secara "
+"komersial ataupun non-komersial."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The appropriate license is included in many manuals and in each GNU source "
+"code distribution."
+msgstr ""
+"Lisensi yang sesuai dicantumkan dalam berbagai manual dan setiap distribusi "
+"<em>source code</em> GNU."
+
+# | [-The GNU GPL is-]{+All these licenses are+} designed so that you can
+# | easily apply [-it-] {+them+} to your own [-program if-] {+works,
+# | assuming+} you are the copyright holder. You don't have to modify the
+# | [-GNU GPL-] {+license+} to do this, just {+include a copy of the license
+# | in the work, and+} add notices [-to your program which-] {+in the source
+# | files that+} refer properly to the [-GNU GPL.-] {+license.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU GPL is designed so that you can easily apply it to your own "
+#| "program if you are the copyright holder. You don't have to modify the "
+#| "GNU GPL to do this, just add notices to your program which refer properly "
+#| "to the GNU GPL."
+msgid ""
+"All these licenses are designed so that you can easily apply them to your "
+"own works, assuming you are the copyright holder. You don't have to modify "
+"the license to do this, just include a copy of the license in the work, and "
+"add notices in the source files that refer properly to the license."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU GPL dirancang agar anda dapat menerapkannya secara mudah pada program "
+"anda jika anda pemegang hak cipta. Anda tidak perlu mengubah GNU GPL untuk "
+"melakukannya, hanya tambahkan saja pemberitahuan di program anda yang "
+"merujuk pada GNU GPL."
+
+# | Using the same distribution terms for many different programs makes it
+# | easy to copy code between various different programs. [-Since-] {+When+}
+# | they all have the same distribution terms, there is no [-need to think
+# | about whether the terms are compatible.-] {+problem.+} The Lesser [-GPL-]
+# | {+GPL, version 2,+} includes a provision that lets you alter the
+# | distribution terms to the ordinary GPL, so that you can copy code into
+# | another program covered by the GPL. {+Version 3 of the Lesser GPL is
+# | built as an exception added to GPL version 3, making the compatibility
+# | automatic.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Using the same distribution terms for many different programs makes it "
+#| "easy to copy code between various different programs. Since they all "
+#| "have the same distribution terms, there is no need to think about whether "
+#| "the terms are compatible. The Lesser GPL includes a provision that lets "
+#| "you alter the distribution terms to the ordinary GPL, so that you can "
+#| "copy code into another program covered by the GPL."
+msgid ""
+"Using the same distribution terms for many different programs makes it easy "
+"to copy code between various different programs. When they all have the "
+"same distribution terms, there is no problem. The Lesser GPL, version 2, "
+"includes a provision that lets you alter the distribution terms to the "
+"ordinary GPL, so that you can copy code into another program covered by the "
+"GPL. Version 3 of the Lesser GPL is built as an exception added to GPL "
+"version 3, making the compatibility automatic."
+msgstr ""
+"Penggunaan ketentuan distribusi yang serupa untuk program-program yang "
+"berbeda akan memudahkan penduplikasian kode di antara berbagai macam program "
+"yang berbeda. Karena mereka mempunyai ketentuan pendistribusian yang sama, "
+"tidak ada lagi keharusan untuk memikirkan apakah ketentuan tersebut saling "
+"bersesuaian. <em>Lesser GPL</em> mengandung perlengkapan yang mengijinkan "
+"anda menukar ketentuan distribusi menjadi GPL biasa, sehingga anda dapat "
+"menduplikasikan kodenya ke program lain yang dilindungi oleh GPL."
+
+# | If you would like to copyleft your program with the GNU GPL or the GNU
+# | LGPL, please see the <a [-href=\"/copyleft/gpl-howto.html\">GPL-]
+# | {+href=\"/copyleft/gpl-howto.html\">license+} instructions page</a> for
+# | advice. Please note that you must use the entire text of the [-GPL, if-]
+# | {+license+} you [-use it. It-] {+choose. Each+} is an integral whole,
+# | and partial copies are not permitted. [-(Likewise for the LGPL.)-]
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you would like to copyleft your program with the GNU GPL or the GNU "
+#| "LGPL, please see the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl-howto.html\">GPL "
+#| "instructions page</a> for advice. Please note that you must use the "
+#| "entire text of the GPL, if you use it. It is an integral whole, and "
+#| "partial copies are not permitted. (Likewise for the LGPL.)"
+msgid ""
+"If you would like to copyleft your program with the GNU GPL or the GNU LGPL, "
+"please see the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl-howto.html\">license instructions "
+"page</a> for advice. Please note that you must use the entire text of the "
+"license you choose. Each is an integral whole, and partial copies are not "
+"permitted."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda ingin meng-<em>copyleft</em>-kan program anda dengan GNU GPL atau "
+"GNU LGPL, silahkan lihat <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl-howto.html\">halaman "
+"instruksi GPL</a> sebagai petunjuk. Ingat bahwa anda ingin memanfaatkan "
+"lisensi tersebutâbaik GPL mau pun LGPLâharuslah seutuhnya. Penyalinan "
+"sebagian tidak diperkenankan."
+
+# | If you would like to copyleft your manual with the GNU FDL, please see the
+# | instructions at the <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html#addendum\">end</a> of the
+# | FDL text, and the <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl-howto.html\">GFDL instructions
+# | page</a>. [-As with the GNU GPL, you must use the entire license;-]
+# | {+Again,+} partial copies are not permitted.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you would like to copyleft your manual with the GNU FDL, please see "
+#| "the instructions at the <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html#addendum\">end</a> "
+#| "of the FDL text, and the <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl-howto.html\">GFDL "
+#| "instructions page</a>. As with the GNU GPL, you must use the entire "
+#| "license; partial copies are not permitted."
+msgid ""
+"If you would like to copyleft your manual with the GNU FDL, please see the "
+"instructions at the <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html#addendum\">end</a> of the "
+"FDL text, and the <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl-howto.html\">GFDL instructions "
+"page</a>. Again, partial copies are not permitted."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda ingin meng-<em>copyleft</em>-kan manual anda dengan GNU FDL, "
+"silahkan lihat instruksi pada <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html#addendum\">bagian "
+"akhir</a> dari teks FDL tersebut, serta <a href=\"/copyleft/fdl-howto.html"
+"\">halaman petunjuk GFDL</a>. Sebagaimana dengan GNU GPL, pemanfaatan "
+"haruslah seutuhnya. Penyalinan sebagian tidak diperkenankan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is a legal mistake to use a backwards C in a circle instead of a "
+"copyright symbol. Copyleft is based legally on copyright, so the work "
+"should have a copyright notice. A copyright notice requires either the "
+"copyright symbol (a C in a circle) or the word “Copyright”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A backwards C in a circle has no special legal significance, so it doesn't "
+"make a copyright notice. It may be amusing in book covers, posters, and "
+"such, but <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft#Symbol\";> be "
+"careful how you represent it in a web page!</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
+"2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <a href=\"/copyleft/library.html\">GNU Library General Public License "
+#~ "is still available in HTML</a> and <a href=\"/copyleft/library.txt\"> "
+#~ "text format</a> although it has been superseded by the Lesser GPL."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/copyleft/lgpl.html\"><em>GNU Library General Public License</"
+#~ "em> (Lisensi Publik Umum <em>Library</em> GNU) tetap tersedia dalam "
+#~ "format HTML</a> dan <a href=\"/copyleft/lgpl.txt\">teks biasa</a>, walau "
+#~ "pun masih tersedia walau secara resmi telah digantikan oleh <em>Lesser "
+#~ "GPL</em>."
Index: licenses/po/why-not-lgpl.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: licenses/po/why-not-lgpl.id.po
diff -N licenses/po/why-not-lgpl.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ licenses/po/why-not-lgpl.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+# Indonedian translation of http://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2002.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: licenses/why-not-lgpl.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-13 05:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2015-12-19 18:32+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your next library - GNU Project - "
+"Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Mengapa anda sebaiknya tidak menggunakan LGPL untuk kepustakaan anda "
+"selanjutnya? - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your next library"
+msgstr ""
+"Mengapa anda sebaiknya tidak menggunakan LGPL untuk kepustakaan anda "
+"selanjutnya?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"See <a href=\"/licenses/license-recommendations.html\">“How to choose "
+"a license for your own work”</a> for general recommendations about "
+"choosing a license for your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Project has two principal licenses to use for libraries. One is the "
+"GNU Lesser GPL; the other is the ordinary GNU GPL. The choice of license "
+"makes a big difference: using the Lesser GPL permits use of the library in "
+"proprietary programs; using the ordinary GPL for a library makes it "
+"available only for free programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Proyek GNU memiliki dua lisensi dasar yang diterapkan dalam pengunaan "
+"kepustakaan. Yang pertama adalah <cite>GNU Lesser GPL</cite> (LGPL; Lisensi "
+"Publik Sedikit Kurang Umum GNU), kedua adalah GNU GPL biasa. Hasil pemilihan "
+"penggunaan lisensi ini ternyata nantinya akan mengakibatkan perbedaan yang "
+"cukup besar: Penggunaan LGPL memberikan izin untuk digunakan pada "
+"kepustakaan program-program berlisensi. Sedangkan penggunaan GPL biasa hanya "
+"diperuntukkan bagi program-program bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Which license is best for a given library is a matter of strategy, and it "
+"depends on the details of the situation. At present, most GNU libraries are "
+"covered by the Lesser GPL, and that means we are using only one of these two "
+"strategies, neglecting the other. So we are now seeking more libraries to "
+"release <strong>under the ordinary GPL</strong>."
+msgstr ""
+"Lisensi mana yang lebih baik digunakan untuk kepustakaan tergantung dari "
+"strategi yang diterapkan dan bergantung pula pada situasi saat itu. Pada "
+"masa ini, sebagian besar kepustakaan GNU mencakup Lesser GPL, dan itu "
+"berarti bahwa kita hanya menggunakan satu dari dua strategi serta "
+"mengabaikan yang lainnya. Oleh sebab itu kami melakukan pencarian "
+"kepustakaan-kepustakaan mana yang sekiranya dapat <strong>menggunakan GPL "
+"biasa</strong>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software developers have the advantage of money; free software "
+"developers need to make advantages for each other. Using the ordinary GPL "
+"for a library gives free software developers an advantage over proprietary "
+"developers: a library that they can use, while proprietary developers cannot "
+"use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pembangun perangkat lunak berlisensi memiliki keuntungan berupa uang, "
+"para pembangun perangkat lunak bebas juga menghasilkan keuntungan satu sama "
+"lain. Dan ternyata penggunaan GPL biasa bagi suatu kepustakaan akan "
+"memberikan keuntungan yang lebih besar bagi para pembangun perangkat lunak "
+"bebas dibandingan dengan pembangun perangkat lunak berlisensi. Karena "
+"kepustakaan itu memang hanya dapat digunakan oleh mereka, tidak oleh para "
+"pembangun perangkat lunak berlisensi tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Using the ordinary GPL is not advantageous for every library. There are
+# | reasons that can make it better to use the Lesser GPL in certain cases.
+# | The most common case is when a free library's features are readily
+# | available for proprietary software through other [-alternative-]
+# | libraries. In that case, the library cannot give free software any
+# | particular advantage, so it is better to use the Lesser GPL for that
+# | library.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Using the ordinary GPL is not advantageous for every library. There are "
+#| "reasons that can make it better to use the Lesser GPL in certain cases. "
+#| "The most common case is when a free library's features are readily "
+#| "available for proprietary software through other alternative libraries. "
+#| "In that case, the library cannot give free software any particular "
+#| "advantage, so it is better to use the Lesser GPL for that library."
+msgid ""
+"Using the ordinary GPL is not advantageous for every library. There are "
+"reasons that can make it better to use the Lesser GPL in certain cases. The "
+"most common case is when a free library's features are readily available for "
+"proprietary software through other libraries. In that case, the library "
+"cannot give free software any particular advantage, so it is better to use "
+"the Lesser GPL for that library."
+msgstr ""
+"Penggunaan GPL biasa tidak selalu memberikan keuntungan bagi setiap "
+"kepustakaan. Ada beberapa kasus-kasus tertentu dimana penggunaan Lesser GPL "
+"merupakan pilihan yang lebih baik Kasus yang paling umum terjadi adalah "
+"ketika fitur-fitur dari kepustakaan bebas telah siap untuk digunakan oleh "
+"perangkat lunak berlisensi melalui kepustakaan alternatif lainnya. Pada "
+"kasus tersebut, kepustakaan tidak dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi perangkat "
+"lunak bebas, maka akan lebih baik jika ia menggunakan Lesser GPL untuk "
+"kepustakaannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is why we used the Lesser GPL for the GNU C library. After all, there "
+"are plenty of other C libraries; using the GPL for ours would have driven "
+"proprietary software developers to use another—no problem for them, "
+"only for us."
+msgstr ""
+"Inilah alasan mengapa kita menggunakan Lesser GPL yang lebih kurang GNU C. "
+"Setelah kesemuanya itu, terdapat cukup banyak kepustakaan-kepustaan C "
+"lainnya. Penggunaan GPL yang kita lakukan menjadikan para pembuat perangkat "
+"lunak berlisensi menggunakan kepustakaan lainnya yang menjadi masalah bagi "
+"kita namun tidak bagi mereka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, when a library provides a significant unique capability, like GNU "
+"Readline, that's a horse of a different color. The Readline library "
+"implements input editing and history for interactive programs, and that's a "
+"facility not generally available elsewhere. Releasing it under the GPL and "
+"limiting its use to free programs gives our community a real boost. At "
+"least one application program is free software today specifically because "
+"that was necessary for using Readline."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagaimanapun juga, ketika kepustakaan menyediakan kemampuan khusus yang "
+"hanya dimilikinya seperti GNU Readline, itu adalah sesuatu yang menjadi "
+"perbedaan. Kepustakaan Readline menerapkan perbaikan masukan dan sejarah "
+"untuk program-program interaktif dan hal tu merupakan fasilitas yang tidak "
+"dengan mudah dapat ditemukan dimanapun. Dengan melepaskannya di bawah GPL "
+"dan membatasi penggunaannya bagi program-program bebas menjadikan kelompok "
+"kita berkembang pesat. Setidaknya satu program aplikasi seperti perangkat "
+"lunak yang ada sekarang ini dapat muncul karena pentingnya penggunaan "
+"Readline."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we amass a collection of powerful GPL-covered libraries that have no "
+"parallel available to proprietary software, they will provide a range of "
+"useful modules to serve as building blocks in new free programs. This will "
+"be a significant advantage for further free software development, and some "
+"projects will decide to make software free in order to use these libraries. "
+"University projects can easily be influenced; nowadays, as companies begin "
+"to consider making software free, even some commercial projects can be "
+"influenced in this way."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika kita mengumpulkan satu koleksi kepustakaan GPL bersampul yang hebat dan "
+"tidak mempunyai persamaan yang sesuai untuk perangkat lunak berlesensi, "
+"mereka akan menyediakan tingkat kegunaan modul-modul untuk melayani sebagai "
+"balok rintangan dalam program-program bebas yang baru. Hal ini akan menjadi "
+"keuntungan yang sangat besar bagi pengembangan perangkat lunak selanjutnya, "
+"dan beberapa proyek akan menentukan untuk membuat perangkat lunak bebas yang "
+"nantinya dipakai oleh kepustakaan ini. Proyek-proyek universitas dengan "
+"mudah dapat dipengaruhi; Saat ini, banyak perusahaan mulai menyadari untuk "
+"membuat perangkat lunak bebas, bahkan beberapa proyek komersiil dapat "
+"dipengaruhi dengan cara ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software developers, seeking to deny the free competition an "
+"important advantage, will try to convince authors not to contribute "
+"libraries to the GPL-covered collection. For example, they may appeal to "
+"the ego, promising “more users for this library” if we let them "
+"use the code in proprietary software products. Popularity is tempting, and "
+"it is easy for a library developer to rationalize the idea that boosting the "
+"popularity of that one library is what the community needs above all."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pembangun perangkat lunak berlisensi, mencoba untuk meniadakan "
+"kompetisi bebas sebagai keuntungan besar, dan mencoba untuk meyakinkan para "
+"penulis agar tidak menambah kepustakaan dengan kumpulan GPL bersampul. "
+"Contohnya, mereka mungkin mempertimbangkan egonya, menjanjikan âlebih
banyak "
+"pengguna untuk kepustakaan iniâ jika kita membiarkan mereka menggunakan
kode "
+"dalam produk-produk perangkat lunak berlisensi. Ketenaran memang menarik, "
+"dan mudah bagi seorang pembangun untuk mengembangkan ide yang mendorong "
+"ketenaran dari sebuah kepustakaan adalah apa yang paling dibutuhkan "
+"masyarakat diatas segalanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But we should not listen to these temptations, because we can achieve much
+# | more if we stand together. We free software developers should support one
+# | another. By releasing libraries that are limited to free software only,
+# | we can help each other's free software packages outdo the proprietary
+# | [-alternatives.-] {+counterparts.+} The whole free software movement will
+# | have more popularity, because free software as a whole will stack up
+# | better against the competition.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But we should not listen to these temptations, because we can achieve "
+#| "much more if we stand together. We free software developers should "
+#| "support one another. By releasing libraries that are limited to free "
+#| "software only, we can help each other's free software packages outdo the "
+#| "proprietary alternatives. The whole free software movement will have "
+#| "more popularity, because free software as a whole will stack up better "
+#| "against the competition."
+msgid ""
+"But we should not listen to these temptations, because we can achieve much "
+"more if we stand together. We free software developers should support one "
+"another. By releasing libraries that are limited to free software only, we "
+"can help each other's free software packages outdo the proprietary "
+"counterparts. The whole free software movement will have more popularity, "
+"because free software as a whole will stack up better against the "
+"competition."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun kita tidak seharusnya mendengarkan godaan ini, karena kita dapat "
+"menerima lebih jika kita berdiri bersama. Para pembangun perangkat lunak "
+"sebaiknya saling mendukunng satu dengan lainnya. Dengan menyadari "
+"kepustakaan yang dibatasi pada perangkat lunak bebas saja, kita dapat "
+"membantu paket-paket perangkat lunak bebas lainnya mengalahkan alternatif-"
+"alternatif berlisensi. Keseluruhan pergerakan perangkat lunak bebas akan "
+"memperoleh ketenaran, karena perangkat lunak bebas sebagai suatu keseluruhan "
+"akan menumpuk lebih baik dalam menentang kompetisi."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2013, 2014 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "oleh <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This article was written in February 1999; since then, we carried out the "
+#~ "plan to rename the Library GPL as the Lesser GPL, but we have not changed "
+#~ "the usage in this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Artikel ini ditulis pada bulan Februari 1999. Sejak saat itu kami "
+#~ "melakukan pengubahan nama Library GPL dengan nama the Lesser GPL. Namun "
+#~ "begitu, kami tidak sedikipun mengubah maksud serta tujuan dari penulisan "
+#~ "artikel ini."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Since the name \"Library GPL\" conveys the wrong idea about this "
+#~ "question, we are planning to change the name to \"Lesser GPL.\" Actually "
+#~ "implementing the name change may take some time, but you don't have to "
+#~ "wait--you can release GPL-covered libraries now."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sejak nama âLibrary GPLâ menyampaikan ide yang salah mengenai "
+#~ "permasalahan ini, kami merencanakan untuk mengubah nama menjadi âLesser "
+#~ "GPLâ. Sebenarnya penerapan pengubahan nama mungkin butuh waktu beberapa "
+#~ "lama, tapi anda tidak harus menunggu-sekarang anda dapat menggunakan "
+#~ "Kepustakaan GPL-bersampul."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "[Historical note: The <a href=\"/copyleft/lesser.html\">Lesser GPL is now "
+#~ "available</a>.]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "[Menurut Sejarah: <a href=\"/copyleft/lesser.html\">GPL yang lebih kurang "
+#~ "sekarang telah tersedia</a>.]"
Index: philosophy/po/categories.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/categories.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/categories.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/categories.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1451 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Dalton E Pelawi, 2001.
+# Rahmat Jalaludin dari, 2001.
+# Sri Ayu Lestari, 2001.
+# Rahmat M. Samik-Ibrahim, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNified.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/categories.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-18 06:58+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-08-26 21:52+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Categories of Free and Nonfree Software - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Kategori Perangkat Lunak Bebas dan Tidak Bebas - Proyek GNU - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Categories of free and nonfree software"
+msgstr "Kategori Perangkat Lunak Bebas dan Tidak Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Also see <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing Words which "
+"You Might Want to Avoid</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Lihat juga <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">kata-kata "
+"membingungkan yang mungkin ingin anda hindari</a>."
+
+#. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <p><img>
+msgid "[Categories of software]"
+msgstr "[Kategori Perangkat Lunak]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This [-<a name=\"diagram\">diagram</a>-] {+diagram, originally+} by
+# | Chao-Kuei {+and updated by several others since,+} explains the different
+# | categories of software. It's available as a <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/category.svg\">Scalable Vector Graphic</a> and as an <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/category.fig\">XFig [-file</a>.-] {+document</a>, under
+# | the terms of any of the GNU GPL v2 or later, the GNU FDL v1.2 or later, or
+# | the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike v2.0 or later.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This <a name=\"diagram\">diagram</a> by Chao-Kuei explains the different "
+#| "categories of software. It's available as a <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#| "category.svg\">Scalable Vector Graphic</a> and as an <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/category.fig\">XFig file</a>."
+msgid ""
+"This diagram, originally by Chao-Kuei and updated by several others since, "
+"explains the different categories of software. It's available as a <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/category.svg\">Scalable Vector Graphic</a> and as an <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/category.fig\">XFig document</a>, under the terms of any of "
+"the GNU GPL v2 or later, the GNU FDL v1.2 or later, or the Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-Share Alike v2.0 or later."
+msgstr ""
+"<a name=\"diagram\">Diagram</a> buatan Chao-Kuei ini menerangkan berbagai "
+"perbedaan kategori perangkat lunak. Tersedia sebagai <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"category.svg\">SVG</a> (<cite>Scalable Vector Graphic</cite>), dan sebagai "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/category.fig\">berkas XFig</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Free software is software that comes with permission for anyone to use,
+# | copy, [-and-] {+and/or+} distribute, either verbatim or with
+# | modifications, either gratis or for a fee. In particular, this means that
+# | source code must be available. “If it's not source, it's not
+# | software.” This is a simplified [-definition;-] {+description;+} see
+# | also the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">full definition</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free software is software that comes with permission for anyone to use, "
+#| "copy, and distribute, either verbatim or with modifications, either "
+#| "gratis or for a fee. In particular, this means that source code must be "
+#| "available. “If it's not source, it's not software.” This is "
+#| "a simplified definition; see also the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+#| "\">full definition</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Free software is software that comes with permission for anyone to use, "
+"copy, and/or distribute, either verbatim or with modifications, either "
+"gratis or for a fee. In particular, this means that source code must be "
+"available. “If it's not source, it's not software.” This is a "
+"simplified description; see also the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">full definition</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak bebas ialah perangkat lunak yang mengizinkan siapa pun untuk "
+"menggunakan, menyalin, dan mendistribusikan, baik dimodifikasi atau pun "
+"tidak, secara gratis atau pun dengan biaya. Perlu ditekankan, bahwa "
+"<em>source code</em> dari program harus tersedia. âJika tidak ada kode "
+"program, berarti bukan perangkat lunak.â Yang tersebut di atas merupakan "
+"definisi sederhananya; lihat juga <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">definisi lengkapnya</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a program is free, then it can potentially be included in a free "
+"operating system such as GNU, or free versions of the <a href=\"/gnu/linux-"
+"and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika suatu program bebas, maka dapat disertakan pada sebuah sistem operasi "
+"bebas seperti GNU, atau versi bebas dari <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
+"\">sistem GNU/Linux</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | There are many different ways to make a program free—many questions
+# | of detail, which could be decided in more than one way and still make the
+# | program free. Some of the possible variations are described below. {+For
+# | information on specific free software licenses, see the <a
+# | href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">license list</a> page.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are many different ways to make a program free—many questions "
+#| "of detail, which could be decided in more than one way and still make the "
+#| "program free. Some of the possible variations are described below."
+msgid ""
+"There are many different ways to make a program free—many questions of "
+"detail, which could be decided in more than one way and still make the "
+"program free. Some of the possible variations are described below. For "
+"information on specific free software licenses, see the <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"license-list.html\">license list</a> page."
+msgstr ""
+"Terdapat berbagai cara untuk membuat suatu program bebas—banyak "
+"pertanyaan rinci, yang dapat ditentukan dalam banyak cara dan masih "
+"menjadikan program tersebut bebas. Beberapa kemungkinan variasi akan "
+"dijelaskan di bawah ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Free software is a matter of freedom, not price. But proprietary software
+# | companies [-sometimes-] {+typically+} use the term “free
+# | software” to refer to price. Sometimes they mean that you can obtain
+# | a binary copy at no charge; sometimes they mean that a copy is [-included
+# | on-] {+bundled with+} a computer that you are [-buying. This-] {+buying,
+# | and the price includes both. Either way, it+} has nothing to do with what
+# | we mean by free software in the GNU project.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free software is a matter of freedom, not price. But proprietary "
+#| "software companies sometimes use the term “free software” to "
+#| "refer to price. Sometimes they mean that you can obtain a binary copy at "
+#| "no charge; sometimes they mean that a copy is included on a computer that "
+#| "you are buying. This has nothing to do with what we mean by free "
+#| "software in the GNU project."
+msgid ""
+"Free software is a matter of freedom, not price. But proprietary software "
+"companies typically use the term “free software” to refer to "
+"price. Sometimes they mean that you can obtain a binary copy at no charge; "
+"sometimes they mean that a copy is bundled with a computer that you are "
+"buying, and the price includes both. Either way, it has nothing to do with "
+"what we mean by free software in the GNU project."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak bebas menyangkut masalah kebebasan, bukan harga. Tapi "
+"beberapa perusahaan perangkat lunak berpemilik terkadang menggunakan istilah "
+"perangkat lunak bebas untuk menunjukkan harga. Terkadang maksud mereka "
+"ialah anda dapat memperoleh salinan biner tanpa biaya; terkadang maksud "
+"mereka ialah suatu salinan disertakan dalam komputer yang anda beli. Ini "
+"tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan apa yang kami maksud dengan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas pada proyek GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because of this potential confusion, when a software company says its "
+"product is free software, always check the actual distribution terms to see "
+"whether users really have all the freedoms that free software implies. "
+"Sometimes it really is free software; sometimes it isn't."
+msgstr ""
+"Karena hal ini dapat membingungkan, ketika sebuah perusahaan perangkat lunak "
+"menyatakan bahwa produknya adalah perangkat lunak bebas, selalu periksa "
+"ketentuan distribusinya untuk melihat apakah pengguna memiliki kebebasan "
+"yang dimaksudkan oleh istilah perangkat lunak bebas. Terkadang memang benar-"
+"benar perangkat lunak bebas; namun terkadang tidak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Many languages have two separate words for “free” as in
+# | freedom and “free” as in zero price. For example, French has
+# | “libre” and “gratuit”. [-English has-] {+Not so
+# | English; there is+} a word “gratis” that refers unambiguously
+# | to price, but no common adjective that refers unambiguously to freedom.
+# | [-This is unfortunate, because such a word would be useful here. We also
+# | have a-] {+So if you are speaking another language, we suggest you
+# | translate “free” into your language to make it clearer. See
+# | our+} list of <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations-] {+href=
+# | \"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\"> translations+} of the term [-\"free
+# | software\"</a>-] {+“free software”</a>+} into various other
+# | languages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Many languages have two separate words for “free” as in "
+#| "freedom and “free” as in zero price. For example, French has "
+#| "“libre” and “gratuit”. English has a word “"
+#| "gratis” that refers unambiguously to price, but no common adjective "
+#| "that refers unambiguously to freedom. This is unfortunate, because such "
+#| "a word would be useful here. We also have a list of <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#| "fs-translations.html\">translations of the term \"free software\"</a> "
+#| "into various other languages."
+msgid ""
+"Many languages have two separate words for “free” as in freedom "
+"and “free” as in zero price. For example, French has “"
+"libre” and “gratuit”. Not so English; there is a word "
+"“gratis” that refers unambiguously to price, but no common "
+"adjective that refers unambiguously to freedom. So if you are speaking "
+"another language, we suggest you translate “free” into your "
+"language to make it clearer. See our list of <a href= \"/philosophy/fs-"
+"translations.html\"> translations of the term “free software”</"
+"a> into various other languages."
+msgstr ""
+"Banyak bahasa memiliki dua kata yang berbeda untuk menyatakan âbebasâ "
+"sebagai kebebasan dan âbebasâ sebagai tanpa biaya. Sebagai contoh,
bahasa "
+"Perancis memiliki kata âlibreâ dan âgratuitâ. Dalam bahasa Inggris
terdapat "
+"kata âgratisâ yang menyatakan tentang harga tanpa membingungkan. Tapi
tidak "
+"ada kata sifat yang menyatakan kebebasan tanpa membingungkan. Hal ini "
+"sangat disayangkan, karena kata semacam itu akan sangat berguna disini. Kami "
+"juga memiliki daftar <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">terjemahan "
+"istilah âperangkat lunak bebasâ</a> dalam berbagai bahasa lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software is often <a href=\"/software/reliability.html\">more reliable</"
+"a> than nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak bebas seringkali <a href=\"/software/reliability.html"
+"\">lebih handal</a> daripada perangkat lunak tidak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Open source software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>Open Source</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The term [-âopen sourceâ-] {+“open source”+} software is
used
+# | by some people to mean more or less the same [-thing-] {+category+} as
+# | free software. [-We prefer-] {+It is not exactly+} the [-term â<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html\">free software</a>â;
+# | follow-] {+same class of software: they accept some licenses+} that [-link
+# | to see-] {+we consider too restrictive, and there are free software
+# | licenses they have not accepted. However,+} the [-reasons.-] {+differences
+# | in extension of the category are small: nearly all free software is open
+# | source, and nearly all open source software is free.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The term âopen sourceâ software is used by some people to mean more or
"
+#| "less the same thing as free software. We prefer the term â<a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html\">free software</a>â; follow "
+#| "that link to see the reasons."
+msgid ""
+"The term “open source” software is used by some people to mean "
+"more or less the same category as free software. It is not exactly the same "
+"class of software: they accept some licenses that we consider too "
+"restrictive, and there are free software licenses they have not accepted. "
+"However, the differences in extension of the category are small: nearly all "
+"free software is open source, and nearly all open source software is free."
+msgstr ""
+"Istilah perangkat lunak â<em>open source</em>â digunakan oleh beberapa
pihak "
+"yang artinya kurang lebih sama dengan perangkat lunak bebas. Kami memilih "
+"untuk menggunakan istilah â<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+"point.html\">perangkat lunak bebas</a>â; ikuti link untuk melihat
alasannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We prefer the term “<a href= \"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+"point.html\">free software</a>” because it refers to freedom—"
+"something that the term “open source“ does not do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Public domain software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>Public domain</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Public domain software is software that is not copyrighted. [-It-] {+If
+# | the source code is in the public domain, that+} is a special case of <a
+# | href=\"#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">noncopylefted free software</a>,
+# | which means that some copies or modified versions may not be free at all.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Public domain software is software that is not copyrighted. It is a "
+#| "special case of <a href=\"#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">noncopylefted "
+#| "free software</a>, which means that some copies or modified versions may "
+#| "not be free at all."
+msgid ""
+"Public domain software is software that is not copyrighted. If the source "
+"code is in the public domain, that is a special case of <a href=\"#Non-"
+"CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">noncopylefted free software</a>, which means that "
+"some copies or modified versions may not be free at all."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak <em>public domain</em> ialah perangkat lunak yang tanpa hak "
+"cipta. Ini merupakan kasus khusus dari <a href=\"#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware"
+"\">perangkat lunak bebas <em>non-copylefted</em></a>, yang berarti bahwa "
+"beberapa salinan atau versi yang telah dimodifikasi bisa jadi tidak bebas "
+"sama sekali."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In some cases, an executable program can be in the public domain but the "
+"source code is not available. This is not free software, because free "
+"software requires accessibility of source code. Meanwhile, most free "
+"software is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted, and the copyright "
+"holders have legally given permission for everyone to use it in freedom, "
+"using a free software license."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes people use the term “public domain” in a loose fashion "
+"to mean <a href=\"#FreeSoftware\">“free”</a> or “available "
+"gratis.” However, “public domain” is a legal term and "
+"means, precisely, “not copyrighted”. For clarity, we recommend "
+"using “public domain” for that meaning only, and using other "
+"terms to convey the other meanings."
+msgstr ""
+"Terkadang ada yang menggunakan istilah â<em>public domain</em>â secara
bebas "
+"yang berarti <a href=\"#FreeSoftware\">âcuma-cumaâ</a> atau âtersedia
gratis"
+"\". Namun â<em>public domain</em>â merupakan istilah hukum yang artinya "
+"âtidak memiliki hak ciptaâ. Untuk jelasnya, kami menganjurkan untuk "
+"menggunakan istilah â<em>public domain</em>â dalam arti tersebut, serta "
+"menggunakan istilah lain untuk mengartikan pengertian yang lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Under the Berne Convention, which most countries have signed, anything "
+"written down is automatically copyrighted. This includes programs. "
+"Therefore, if you want a program you have written to be in the public "
+"domain, you must take some legal steps to disclaim the copyright on it; "
+"otherwise, the program is copyrighted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Copylefted software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>Copylefted</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Copylefted software is free software whose distribution terms [-do not let
+# | redistributors add any additional restrictions when they redistribute-]
+# | {+ensure that all copies of all versions carry more+} or [-modify-]
+# | {+less+} the [-software.-] {+same distribution terms.+} This [-means-]
+# | {+means, for instance,+} that [-every copy of-] {+copyleft licenses
+# | generally disallow others to add additional requirements to+} the
+# | [-software, even if it has been modified, must-] {+software (though a
+# | limited set of safe added requirements can+} be [-free software.-]
+# | {+allowed) and require making source code available. This shields the
+# | program, and its modified versions, from some of the common ways of making
+# | a program proprietary.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copylefted software is free software whose distribution terms do not let "
+#| "redistributors add any additional restrictions when they redistribute or "
+#| "modify the software. This means that every copy of the software, even if "
+#| "it has been modified, must be free software."
+msgid ""
+"Copylefted software is free software whose distribution terms ensure that "
+"all copies of all versions carry more or less the same distribution terms. "
+"This means, for instance, that copyleft licenses generally disallow others "
+"to add additional requirements to the software (though a limited set of safe "
+"added requirements can be allowed) and require making source code "
+"available. This shields the program, and its modified versions, from some "
+"of the common ways of making a program proprietary."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak <em>copylefted</em> merupakan perangkat lunak bebas yang "
+"ketentuan pendistribusinya tidak memperbolehkan untuk menambah batasan-"
+"batasan tambahan--jika mendistribusikan atau memodifikasi perangkat lunak "
+"tersebut. Artinya, setiap salinan dari perangkat lunak, walaupun telah "
+"dimodifikasi, haruslah merupakan perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some copyleft licenses, such as GPL version 3, block other means of "
+"turning software proprietary, such as <a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/";
+"rms-why-gplv3.html\">tivoization</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we write, because
+# | our goal is to give <em>every</em> user the freedoms implied by the term
+# | “free software.” See {+our+} <a
+# | [-href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">Copyleft</a>-] {+href=
+# | \"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft article</a>+} for more explanation of
+# | how copyleft works and why we use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we write, because "
+#| "our goal is to give <em>every</em> user the freedoms implied by the term "
+#| "“free software.” See <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
+#| "\">Copyleft</a> for more explanation of how copyleft works and why we use "
+#| "it."
+msgid ""
+"In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we write, because "
+"our goal is to give <em>every</em> user the freedoms implied by the term "
+"“free software.” See our <a href= \"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
+"\">copyleft article</a> for more explanation of how copyleft works and why "
+"we use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Dalam proyek GNU, kami meng-<em>copyleft</em>-kan hampir semua perangkat "
+"lunak yang kami buat, karena tujuan kami adalah untuk memberikan kebebasan "
+"kepada <em>semua</em> pengguna seperti yang tersirat dalam istilah "
+"âperangkat lunak bebasâ. Lihat <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
+"\"><em>Copyleft</em></a> untuk penjelasan lebih jauh mengenai bagaimana cara "
+"kerjanya <em>copyleft</em> dan bagaimana kita menggunakannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Copyleft is a general concept; to [-actually-] copyleft [-a-] {+an
+# | actual+} program, you need to use a specific set of distribution terms.
+# | There are many possible ways to write copyleft distribution [-terms.-]
+# | {+terms, so in principle there can be many copyleft free software
+# | licenses. However, in actual practice nearly all copylefted software uses
+# | the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a>. Two
+# | different copyleft licenses are usually “incompatible”, which
+# | means it is illegal to merge the code using one license with the code
+# | using the other license; therefore, it is good for the community if people
+# | use a single copyleft license.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft is a general concept; to actually copyleft a program, you need "
+#| "to use a specific set of distribution terms. There are many possible "
+#| "ways to write copyleft distribution terms."
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft is a general concept; to copyleft an actual program, you need to "
+"use a specific set of distribution terms. There are many possible ways to "
+"write copyleft distribution terms, so in principle there can be many "
+"copyleft free software licenses. However, in actual practice nearly all "
+"copylefted software uses the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU General "
+"Public License</a>. Two different copyleft licenses are usually “"
+"incompatible”, which means it is illegal to merge the code using one "
+"license with the code using the other license; therefore, it is good for the "
+"community if people use a single copyleft license."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Copyleft</em> merupakan konsep yang umum. Jadi, untuk meng-<em>copyleft</"
+"em>-kan sebuah program, anda harus menggunakan ketentuan distribusi "
+"tertentu. Terdapat berbagai cara untuk menulis perjanjian distribusi program "
+"<em>copyleft</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Noncopylefted free software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Bebas <em>Non-copylefted</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Noncopylefted free software comes from the author with permission to "
+"redistribute and modify, and also to add additional restrictions to it."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak bebas <em>non-copylefted</em> dibuat oleh pembuatnya yang "
+"mengizinkan kita untuk mendistribusikan dan memodifikasi, dan untuk "
+"menambahkan batasan-batasan tambahan dalamnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a program is free but not copylefted, then some copies or modified "
+"versions may not be free at all. A software company can compile the program, "
+"with or without modifications, and distribute the executable file as a <a "
+"href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> software product."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika suatu program bebas tapi tidak <em>copylefted</em>, maka beberapa "
+"salinan atau versi yang dimodifikasi bisa jadi tidak bebas sama sekali. "
+"Perusahaan perangkat lunak dapat mengkompilasi programnya, dengan atau tanpa "
+"modifikasi, dan mendistribusikan file tereksekusi sebagai produk perangkat "
+"lunak yang <a href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">berpemilik</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The <a href=\"http://www.x.org\";>X Window System</a> illustrates this.
+# | The X Consortium release[-s-]{+d+} X11 with distribution terms that
+# | ma[-k-]{+d+}e it non[---]copylefted free [-software. If you wish, you can
+# | get a-] {+software, and subsequent developers have mostly followed the
+# | same practice. A+} copy which has those distribution terms [-and-] is
+# | [-free.-] {+free software.+} However, there are non[---]free versions as
+# | well, and there are {+(or at least were)+} popular workstations and PC
+# | graphics boards for which non[---]free versions are the only ones that
+# | work. If you are using this hardware, X11 is not free software for you.
+# | {+<a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\">The developers of X11 even made X11
+# | nonfree</a> for a while; they were able to do this because others had
+# | contributed their code under the same noncopyleft license.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <a href=\"http://www.x.org\";>X Window System</a> illustrates this. "
+#| "The X Consortium releases X11 with distribution terms that make it non-"
+#| "copylefted free software. If you wish, you can get a copy which has "
+#| "those distribution terms and is free. However, there are non-free "
+#| "versions as well, and there are popular workstations and PC graphics "
+#| "boards for which non-free versions are the only ones that work. If you "
+#| "are using this hardware, X11 is not free software for you."
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://www.x.org\";>X Window System</a> illustrates this. The "
+"X Consortium released X11 with distribution terms that made it noncopylefted "
+"free software, and subsequent developers have mostly followed the same "
+"practice. A copy which has those distribution terms is free software. "
+"However, there are nonfree versions as well, and there are (or at least "
+"were) popular workstations and PC graphics boards for which nonfree versions "
+"are the only ones that work. If you are using this hardware, X11 is not "
+"free software for you. <a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\">The developers of X11 "
+"even made X11 nonfree</a> for a while; they were able to do this because "
+"others had contributed their code under the same noncopyleft license."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.x.org\";><em>Sistem X Window</em></a> menggambarkan hal "
+"ini. Konsorsium X mengeluarkan X11 dengan ketentuan distribusi yang "
+"menetapkannya sebagai perangkat lunak bebas <em>non-copylefted</em>. Jika "
+"anda menginginkannya, anda dapat memperoleh salinan yang memiliki perjanjian "
+"distribusi dan juga bebas. Namun ada juga versi tidak bebasnya, dan ada "
+"<em>workstation</em> terkemuka serta perangkat grafik PC, dimana versi yang "
+"tidak bebas merupakan satu-satunya yang dapat bekerja disini. Jika anda "
+"menggunakan perangkat keras tersebut, X11 bukanlah perangkat lunak bebas "
+"bagi anda."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Lax permissive licensed software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lax permissive licenses include the X11 license and the <a href=\"bsd.html"
+"\">two BSD licenses</a>. These licenses permit almost any use of the code, "
+"including distributing proprietary binaries with or without changing the "
+"source code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GPL-covered software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>GPL-covered</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU GPL (General Public License)</a> is "
+"one specific set of distribution terms for copylefting a program. The GNU "
+"Project uses it as the distribution terms for most GNU software."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU GPL (General Public License)</a> "
+"merupakan sebuah kumpulan ketentuan pendistribusian tertentu untuk meng-"
+"<em>copyleft</em>-kan sebuah program. Proyek GNU menggunakannya sebagai "
+"perjanjian distribusi untuk sebagian besar perangkat lunak GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To equate free software with GPL-covered software is therefore an error."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU operating system"
+msgstr "Sistem Operasi GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU {+operating+} system</a> is [-a
+# | complete free-] {+the+} Unix-like operating [-system.-] {+system, which is
+# | entirely free software, that we in the GNU Project have developed since
+# | 1984.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU system</a> is a complete free "
+#| "Unix-like operating system."
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU operating system</a> is the Unix-"
+"like operating system, which is entirely free software, that we in the GNU "
+"Project have developed since 1984."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">Sistem GNU</a> merupakan sistem serupa "
+"Unix yang seutuhnya bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | A Unix-like operating system consists of many programs. The GNU system
+# | includes all {+of+} the {+<a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">official+} GNU
+# | [-software, as well as-] {+packages</a>. It also includes+} many other
+# | packages{+,+} such as the X Window System and TeX{+,+} which are not GNU
+# | software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A Unix-like operating system consists of many programs. The GNU system "
+#| "includes all the GNU software, as well as many other packages such as the "
+#| "X Window System and TeX which are not GNU software."
+msgid ""
+"A Unix-like operating system consists of many programs. The GNU system "
+"includes all of the <a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">official GNU packages</a>. It "
+"also includes many other packages, such as the X Window System and TeX, "
+"which are not GNU software."
+msgstr ""
+"Sistem operasi serupa Unix terdiri dari berbagai program. Sistem GNU "
+"mencakup seluruh perangkat lunak GNU, dan juga paket program lain, seperti "
+"sistem X Windows dam TeX yang bukan perangkat lunak GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-We have been developing and accumulating components for the GNU system
+# | since 1984; the-]{+The+} first test release of [-a “complete-] {+the
+# | complete+} GNU [-system”-] {+system+} was in 1996. [-Today, in
+# | 2001,-] {+This includes+} the {+GNU Hurd, our kernel, developed since
+# | 1990. In 2001 the GNU+} system [-is-] {+(including the GNU Hurd) began+}
+# | working {+fairly+} reliably, [-and people are working on making GNOME and
+# | ppp work in it. In-] {+but+} the [-mean time,-] {+Hurd still lacks some
+# | important features, so it is not widely used. Meanwhile,+} the <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>, an offshoot of the
+# | GNU {+operating+} system which uses Linux as the [-kernel,-] {+kernel
+# | instead of the GNU Hurd,+} has [-become-] {+been+} a great [-success.-]
+# | {+success since the 90s. As this shows, the GNU system is not a single
+# | static set of programs; users and distributors may select different
+# | packages according to their needs and desires. The result is still a
+# | variant of the GNU system.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We have been developing and accumulating components for the GNU system "
+#| "since 1984; the first test release of a “complete GNU system” "
+#| "was in 1996. Today, in 2001, the system is working reliably, and people "
+#| "are working on making GNOME and ppp work in it. In the mean time, the <a "
+#| "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>, an offshoot of the "
+#| "GNU system which uses Linux as the kernel, has become a great success."
+msgid ""
+"The first test release of the complete GNU system was in 1996. This "
+"includes the GNU Hurd, our kernel, developed since 1990. In 2001 the GNU "
+"system (including the GNU Hurd) began working fairly reliably, but the Hurd "
+"still lacks some important features, so it is not widely used. Meanwhile, "
+"the <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>, an offshoot of "
+"the GNU operating system which uses Linux as the kernel instead of the GNU "
+"Hurd, has been a great success since the 90s. As this shows, the GNU system "
+"is not a single static set of programs; users and distributors may select "
+"different packages according to their needs and desires. The result is "
+"still a variant of the GNU system."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami telah mengembangkan dan mengumpulkan komponen untuk sistem GNU ini "
+"sejak tahun 1984. Pengedaran awal (percobaan) dari âsistem GNU lengkapâ "
+"dilakukan tahun 1996. Sekarang (2001), sistem GNU ini bekerja secara "
+"handal, serta orang-orang bekerja dan mengembangkan GNOME, dan PPP dalam "
+"sistem GNU. Pada saat bersamaan <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">sistem "
+"GNU/Linux</a>, merupakan sebuah terobosan dari sistem GNU yang menggunakan "
+"Linux sebagai kernel dan mengalami sukses luar biasa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Since the purpose of GNU is to be free, every single component in the GNU
+# | {+operating+} system [-has to be-] {+is+} free software. They don't all
+# | have to be copylefted, however; any kind of free software is legally
+# | suitable to include if it helps meet technical goals. [-We can and do use
+# | non-copylefted free software such as the X Window System.-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Since the purpose of GNU is to be free, every single component in the GNU "
+#| "system has to be free software. They don't all have to be copylefted, "
+#| "however; any kind of free software is legally suitable to include if it "
+#| "helps meet technical goals. We can and do use non-copylefted free "
+#| "software such as the X Window System."
+msgid ""
+"Since the purpose of GNU is to be free, every single component in the GNU "
+"operating system is free software. They don't all have to be copylefted, "
+"however; any kind of free software is legally suitable to include if it "
+"helps meet technical goals."
+msgstr ""
+"Berhubung tujuan dari GNU ialah untuk kebebasan, maka setiap komponen dalam "
+"sistem GNU harus merupakan perangkat lunak bebas. Namun tidak berarti "
+"semuanya harus <em>copylefted</em>; setiap jenis perangkat lunak bebas dapat "
+"sah-sah saja jika menolong memenuhi tujuan teknis. Kita dapat menggunakan "
+"perangkat lunak <em>non-copylefted</em> seperti sistem X Window."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU programs"
+msgstr "Program GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | “GNU programs” is equivalent to <a [-href=#GNUsoftware\">GNU-]
+# | {+href=\"#GNUsoftware\">GNU+} software.</a> A program Foo is a GNU program
+# | if it is GNU software. {+We also sometimes say it is a “GNU
+# | package”.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“GNU programs” is equivalent to <a href=#GNUsoftware\">GNU "
+#| "software.</a> A program Foo is a GNU program if it is GNU software."
+msgid ""
+"“GNU programs” is equivalent to <a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">GNU "
+"software.</a> A program Foo is a GNU program if it is GNU software. We also "
+"sometimes say it is a “GNU package”."
+msgstr ""
+"âProgram GNUâ setara dengan <a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">perangkat lunak
GNU</"
+"a>. Program Anu adalah program GNU jika ia merupakan perangkat lunak GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <a href=\"/software/software.html\">GNU software</a> is software that is
+# | released under the auspices of the <a href={+
+# | +}\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU Project</a>. If a program is GNU software,
+# | we also say that it is a GNU [-program.-] {+program or a GNU package. The
+# | README or manual of a GNU package should say it is one; also, the <a
+# | href=\"/directory\">Free Software Directory</a> identifies all GNU
+# | packages.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/software/software.html\">GNU software</a> is software that is "
+#| "released under the auspices of the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU "
+#| "Project</a>. If a program is GNU software, we also say that it is a GNU "
+#| "program."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/software/software.html\">GNU software</a> is software that is "
+"released under the auspices of the <a href= \"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU "
+"Project</a>. If a program is GNU software, we also say that it is a GNU "
+"program or a GNU package. The README or manual of a GNU package should say "
+"it is one; also, the <a href=\"/directory\">Free Software Directory</a> "
+"identifies all GNU packages."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/software/software.html\">Perangkat lunak GNU</a> merupakan "
+"perangkat lunak yang dikeluarkan oleh <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html"
+"\">proyek GNU</a>. Jika suatu program adalah perangkat lunak GNU, kita juga "
+"menyebutnya sebagai program GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most GNU software is <a href= \"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copylefted</a>, "
+"but not all; however, all GNU software must be <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">free software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebagian besar perangkat lunak GNU merupakan <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft."
+"html\"><em>copylefted</em></a>, tapi tidak semuanya; namun, semua perangkat "
+"lunak GNU harus merupakan <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">perangkat "
+"lunak bebas</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Some GNU software [-is-] {+was+} written by <a href=
+# | \"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/\";>staff</a> of the <a
+# | href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software Foundation</a>, but most GNU
+# | software [-is contributed by-] {+comes from many+} <a
+# | href=\"/people/people.html\">volunteers</a>. {+(Some of these volunteers
+# | are paid by companies or universities, but they are volunteers for us.)+}
+# | Some contributed software is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation;
+# | some is copyrighted by the contributors who wrote it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some GNU software is written by <a href= \"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/";
+#| "\">staff</a> of the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+#| "Foundation</a>, but most GNU software is contributed by <a href=\"/people/"
+#| "people.html\">volunteers</a>. Some contributed software is copyrighted "
+#| "by the Free Software Foundation; some is copyrighted by the contributors "
+#| "who wrote it."
+msgid ""
+"Some GNU software was written by <a href= \"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/";
+"\">staff</a> of the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"Foundation</a>, but most GNU software comes from many <a href=\"/people/"
+"people.html\">volunteers</a>. (Some of these volunteers are paid by "
+"companies or universities, but they are volunteers for us.) Some "
+"contributed software is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation; some is "
+"copyrighted by the contributors who wrote it."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa perangkat lunak GNU ditulis oleh <a href= \"http://www.fsf.org/";
+"about/staff/\">staf</a> dari <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";><em>Free "
+"Software Foundation</em></a> (FSF, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas), namun "
+"sebagian besar perangkat lunak GNU merupakan kontribusi dari <a href=\"/"
+"people/people.html\">para sukarelawan</a>. Beberapa perangkat lunak yang "
+"dikontribusikan merupakan hak cipta dari <em>Free Software Foundation</em>; "
+"beberapa merupakan hak cipta dari kontributor yang menulisnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "FSF-copyrighted GNU software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The developers of GNU packages can transfer the copyright to the FSF, or "
+"they can keep it. The choice is theirs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If they have transfered the copyright to the FSF, the program is FSF-"
+"copyrighted GNU software, and the FSF can enforce its license. If they have "
+"kept the copyright, enforcing the license is their responsibility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The FSF does not accept copyright assignments of software that is not an "
+"official GNU package, as a rule."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Nonfree software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Tidak Bebas (atau Berpemilik)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Proprietary-]{+Nonfree+} software is {+any+} software that is not free.
+# | Its use, redistribution or modification is prohibited, or requires you to
+# | ask for permission, or is restricted so much that you effectively can't do
+# | it freely.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Proprietary software is software that is not free. Its use, "
+#| "redistribution or modification is prohibited, or requires you to ask for "
+#| "permission, or is restricted so much that you effectively can't do it "
+#| "freely."
+msgid ""
+"Nonfree software is any software that is not free. Its use, redistribution "
+"or modification is prohibited, or requires you to ask for permission, or is "
+"restricted so much that you effectively can't do it freely."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak tidak bebas (atau berpemilik) ialah perangkat lunak yang "
+"tidak bebas. Kita dapat dilarang, atau harus meminta izin, atau akan "
+"dikenakan pembatasan lainnya sehingga menyulitkan--jika menggunakan, "
+"mengedarkan, atau memodifikasinya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Proprietary software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software is another name for nonfree software. In the past we "
+"subdivided nonfree software into “semifree software”, which "
+"could be modified and redistributed noncommercially, and “ proprietary "
+"software”, which could not be. But we have dropped that distinction "
+"and now use “proprietary software” as synonymous with nonfree "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation follows the rule that we cannot install any "
+"proprietary program on our computers except temporarily for the specific "
+"purpose of writing a free replacement for that very program. Aside from "
+"that, we feel there is no possible excuse for installing a proprietary "
+"program."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Free Software Foundation</em> mengikuti aturan bahwa kita tidak dapat "
+"memasang program-program berpemilik di komputer kita kecuali untuk sementara "
+"waktu dengan maksud menulis pengganti bebas untuk program tersebut. "
+"Disamping itu, kami merasa tidak; ada alasan untuk memasang sebuah program "
+"berpemilik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For example, we felt justified in installing Unix on our computer in the
+# | 1980s, because we were using it to write a free replacement for Unix.
+# | Nowadays, since free operating systems are available, the excuse is no
+# | longer applicable; we [-have eliminated all our non-free-] {+do not use
+# | any nonfree+} operating systems, and any new computer we install must run
+# | a completely free operating system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, we felt justified in installing Unix on our computer in the "
+#| "1980s, because we were using it to write a free replacement for Unix. "
+#| "Nowadays, since free operating systems are available, the excuse is no "
+#| "longer applicable; we have eliminated all our non-free operating systems, "
+#| "and any new computer we install must run a completely free operating "
+#| "system."
+msgid ""
+"For example, we felt justified in installing Unix on our computer in the "
+"1980s, because we were using it to write a free replacement for Unix. "
+"Nowadays, since free operating systems are available, the excuse is no "
+"longer applicable; we do not use any nonfree operating systems, and any new "
+"computer we install must run a completely free operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebagai contoh, kami merasa sah dalam memasang Unix di komputer kami pada "
+"tahun 1980-an, sebab kami menggunakannya untuk menulis pengganti bebas untuk "
+"Unix. Sekarang, karena sistem operasi bebas telah tersedia, alasan ini tidak "
+"lagi dapat diterima; kami harus menghapus semua sistem operasi tidak bebas "
+"kami, dan setiap komputer yang kami pasang harus berjalan pada sistem "
+"operasi yang benar-benar bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | We don't insist that users of GNU, or contributors to GNU, have to live by
+# | this rule. It is a rule we made for ourselves. But we hope you will
+# | [-decide to-] follow it [-too.-] {+too, for your freedom's sake.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We don't insist that users of GNU, or contributors to GNU, have to live "
+#| "by this rule. It is a rule we made for ourselves. But we hope you will "
+#| "decide to follow it too."
+msgid ""
+"We don't insist that users of GNU, or contributors to GNU, have to live by "
+"this rule. It is a rule we made for ourselves. But we hope you will follow "
+"it too, for your freedom's sake."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami tidak memaksa para pengguna GNU atau para kontributor GNU untuk "
+"mengikuti aturan ini. Ini adalah aturan yang kami buat untuk diri kami "
+"sendiri. Tapi kami berharap agar anda memutuskan untuk mengikutinya juga."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Freeware"
+msgstr "Freeware"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “freeware” has no clear accepted definition, but it is "
+"commonly used for packages which permit redistribution but not modification "
+"(and their source code is not available). These packages are <em>not</em> "
+"free software, so please don't use “freeware” to refer to free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Istilah â<em>freeware</em>â tidak terdefinisi dengan jelas, tapi biasanya
"
+"digunakan untuk paket-paket yang mengizinkan redistribusi tetapi bukan "
+"pemodifikasian (dan kode programnya tidak tersedia). Paket-paket ini bukan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas, jadi <em>jangan</em> menggunakan istilah "
+"â<em>freeware</em>â untuk merujuk ke perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Shareware"
+msgstr "Shareware"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Shareware is software which comes with permission for people to redistribute "
+"copies, but says that anyone who continues to use a copy is <em>required</"
+"em> to pay a license fee."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Shareware</em> ialah perangkat lunak yang mengijinkan orang-orang untuk "
+"meredistribusikan salinannya, tetapi mereka yang terus menggunakannya "
+"<em>diminta</em> untuk membayar biaya lisensi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Shareware is not free software, or even semifree. There are two reasons it "
+"is not:"
+msgstr ""
+"Shareware bukan perangkat lunak bebas ataupun semi-bebas. Ada dua alasan "
+"untuk hal ini, yakni:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"For most shareware, source code is not available; thus, you cannot modify "
+"the program at all."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebagian besar <em>shareware</em>, kode programnya tidak tersedia; jadi anda "
+"tidak dapat memodifikasi program tersebut sama sekali."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Shareware does not come with permission to make a copy and install it "
+"without paying a license fee, not even for individuals engaging in nonprofit "
+"activity. (In practice, people often disregard the distribution terms and do "
+"this anyway, but the terms don't permit it.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Shareware</em> tidak mengizinkan kita untuk membuat salinan dan "
+"memasangnya tanpa membayar biaya lisensi, tidak juga untuk orang-orang yang "
+"terlibat dalam kegiatan nirlaba (Dalam prakteknya, orang-orang sering tidak "
+"mempedulikan perjanjian distribusi dan tetap melakukan hal tersebut, tapi "
+"sebenarnya perjanjian tidak mengizinkannya)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Private software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Private or custom software is software developed for one user (typically an "
+"organization or company). That user keeps it and uses it, and does not "
+"release it to the public either as source code or as binaries."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A private program is free software (in a somewhat trivial sense) if its sole "
+"user has the four freedoms. In particular, if the user has full rights to "
+"the private program, the program is free. However, if the user distributes "
+"copies to others and does not provide the four freedoms with those copies, "
+"those copies are not free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software is a matter of freedom, not access. In general we do not "
+"believe it is wrong to develop a program and not release it. There are "
+"occasions when a program is so important that one might argue that "
+"withholding it from the public is doing wrong to humanity. However, such "
+"cases are rare. Most programs are not that important, and declining to "
+"release them is not particularly wrong. Thus, there is no conflict between "
+"the development of private or custom software and the principles of the free "
+"software movement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all employment for programmers is in development of custom software; "
+"therefore most programming jobs are, or could be, done in a way compatible "
+"with the free software movement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Commercial software"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Komersial"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | “Commercial” and “proprietary” are not the [-same
+# | thing!-] {+same!+} Commercial software is software [-being-] developed by
+# | a business [-which aims to make money from the use-] {+as part+} of [-the
+# | software.-] {+its business.+} Most commercial software is <a
+# | href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a>, but there is commercial
+# | free software, and there is noncommercial nonfree software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Commercial” and “proprietary” are not the same "
+#| "thing! Commercial software is software being developed by a business "
+#| "which aims to make money from the use of the software. Most commercial "
+#| "software is <a href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a>, but there "
+#| "is commercial free software, and there is noncommercial nonfree software."
+msgid ""
+"“Commercial” and “proprietary” are not the same! "
+"Commercial software is software developed by a business as part of its "
+"business. Most commercial software is <a href=\"#ProprietarySoftware"
+"\">proprietary</a>, but there is commercial free software, and there is "
+"noncommercial nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+"âKomersialâ dan âkepemilikanâ adalah dua hal yang berbeda! Perangkat
lunak "
+"komersial adalah perangkat lunak yang dikembangkan oleh kalangan bisnis "
+"untuk memperoleh keuntungan dari penggunaannya. Kebanyakan perangkat lunak "
+"komersial adalah <a href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">berpemilik</a>, tapi ada "
+"perangkat lunak bebas komersial, dan ada perangkat lunak tidak bebas dan "
+"tidak komersial."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For example, GNU Ada is {+developed by a company. It is+} always
+# | distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL, and every copy is free
+# | software; but its developers sell support contracts. When their salesmen
+# | speak to prospective customers, sometimes the customers say, “We
+# | would feel safer with a commercial compiler.” The salesmen reply,
+# | “GNU Ada <em>is</em> a commercial compiler; it happens to be free
+# | software.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, GNU Ada is always distributed under the terms of the GNU "
+#| "GPL, and every copy is free software; but its developers sell support "
+#| "contracts. When their salesmen speak to prospective customers, sometimes "
+#| "the customers say, “We would feel safer with a commercial compiler."
+#| "” The salesmen reply, “GNU Ada <em>is</em> a commercial "
+#| "compiler; it happens to be free software.”"
+msgid ""
+"For example, GNU Ada is developed by a company. It is always distributed "
+"under the terms of the GNU GPL, and every copy is free software; but its "
+"developers sell support contracts. When their salesmen speak to prospective "
+"customers, sometimes the customers say, “We would feel safer with a "
+"commercial compiler.” The salesmen reply, “GNU Ada <em>is</em> a "
+"commercial compiler; it happens to be free software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Sebagai contoh, GNU Ada selalu didistribusikan di bawah perjanjian GNU GPL, "
+"dan setiap salinannya adalah perangkat lunak bebas; tapi para pengembangnya "
+"menjual kontrak penunjang. Ketika penjualnya bicara kepada calon pembeli, "
+"terkadang pembeli tersebut mengatakan, âKami merasa lebih aman dengan "
+"kompilator komersial.â Si penjual menjawab, âGNU Ada <em>ialah</em> "
+"kompilator komersial; hanya saja ia merupakan perangkat lunak bebas.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For the GNU Project, the [-emphasis is-] {+priorities are+} in the other
+# | order: the important thing is that GNU Ada is free software; [-whether-]
+# | {+that+} it is commercial is [-not-] {+just+} a [-crucial question.-]
+# | {+detail.+} However, the additional development of GNU Ada that results
+# | from its being commercial [-it-] is definitely beneficial.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For the GNU Project, the emphasis is in the other order: the important "
+#| "thing is that GNU Ada is free software; whether it is commercial is not a "
+#| "crucial question. However, the additional development of GNU Ada that "
+#| "results from its being commercial it is definitely beneficial."
+msgid ""
+"For the GNU Project, the priorities are in the other order: the important "
+"thing is that GNU Ada is free software; that it is commercial is just a "
+"detail. However, the additional development of GNU Ada that results from its "
+"being commercial is definitely beneficial."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagi proyek GNU, penekanannya ada pada hal yang sebaliknya: hal terpenting "
+"ialah GNU Ada merupakan perangkat lunak bebas; terlepas komersial atau "
+"bukan, itu bukan hal yang penting. Namun perkembangan tambahan GNU Ada yang "
+"dihasilkan dari komersialismenya adalah menguntungkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Please help spread the awareness that [-commercial-] free {+commercial+}
+# | software is possible. You can do this by making an effort not to say
+# | “commercial” when you mean “proprietary.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please help spread the awareness that commercial free software is "
+#| "possible. You can do this by making an effort not to say “"
+#| "commercial” when you mean “proprietary.”"
+msgid ""
+"Please help spread the awareness that free commercial software is possible. "
+"You can do this by making an effort not to say “commercial” when "
+"you mean “proprietary.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Harap sebarkan ke khalayak, perangkat lunak bebas komersial merupakan "
+"sesuatu yang mungkin. Sebaiknya, anda jangan mengatakan âkomersialâ
ketika "
+"maksud anda ialah âberpemilikâ."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
+"2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh Dalton E Pelawi dan Rahmat Jalaludin "
+"dari <a href=\"http://rms46.vlsm.org/1/30.html#G\";><em>Kelompok Kerja G "
+"KOMAS 2001 Fusilkom UI</em></a>, yang meneruskan pekerjaan dari Sri Ayu "
+"Lestari. Suntingan akhir oleh <a href=\"http://rms46.vlsm.org/\";>Rahmat M. "
+"Samik-Ibrahim</a>."
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Here is a glossary of various categories of software that are often "
+#~ "mentioned in discussions of free software. It explains which categories "
+#~ "overlap or are part of other categories."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Berikut ini merupakan daftar bermacam kategori perangkat lunak yang "
+#~ "sering diungkapkan pada saat mendiskusikan perangkat lunak bebas. Daftar "
+#~ "ini menjelaskan kategori yang saling tumpang tindih atau menjadi bagian "
+#~ "dari kategori yang lain."
+
+#~ msgid "[diagram of a the different categories of software]"
+#~ msgstr "[diagram dari kategori-kategori perangkat lunak yang berbeda]"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This <a name=\"diagram\">diagram</a> by Chao-Kuei explains the different "
+#~ "categories of software. It's available as an <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#~ "category.fig\">XFig file</a>, as a <a href=\"/philosophy/category.jpg"
+#~ "\">JPEG picture (23k)</a> and as a 1.5 magnified <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#~ "category.png\">PNG image (7k)</a>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a name=\"diagram\">Diagram</a> buatan Chao-Kuei ini menerangkan berbagai "
+#~ "perbedaan kategori perangkat lunak. Tersedia sebagai <a href=\"/"
+#~ "philosophy/category.fig\">berkas XFig</a>, sebagai <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#~ "category.jpg\">gambar JPEG (23k)</a>, dan sebagai <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#~ "category.png\">gambar PNG (7k)</a> dengan pembesaran 1,5 kali."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCFreeSoftware\" name=\"FreeSoftware\"><strong>Free software</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCFreeSoftware\" name=\"FreeSoftware\"><strong>Perangkat "
+#~ "Lunak Bebas</strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "We also have a list of <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html"
+#~ "\">translations of the term \"free software\"</a> into various other "
+#~ "languages."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kami juga memiliki daftar <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html"
+#~ "\">terjemahan istilah \"perangkat lunak bebas\"</a> dalam berbagai bahasa "
+#~ "lain."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCOpenSource\" name=\"OpenSource\"><strong>Open Source "
+#~ "software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCOpenSource\" name=\"OpenSource\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak "
+#~ "<em>Open Source</em></strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The term âopen sourceâ software is used by some people to mean more or
"
+#~ "less the same thing as free software. We prefer the term â<a href=\"/"
+#~ "philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html\">free software</a>â; follow "
+#~ "that link to see the reasons."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Istilah perangkat lunak â<em>open source</em>â digunakan oleh beberapa
"
+#~ "pihak yang artinya kurang lebih sama dengan perangkat lunak bebas. Kami "
+#~ "memilih untuk menggunakan istilah â<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-"
+#~ "misses-the-point.html\">perangkat lunak bebas</a>â; ikuti link untuk "
+#~ "melihat alasannya."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCPublicDomainSoftware\" name=\"PublicDomainSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Public domain software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCPublicDomainSoftware\" name=\"PublicDomainSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak <em>Public domain</em></strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCCopyleftedSoftware\" name=\"CopyleftedSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Copylefted software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCCopyleftedSoftware\" name=\"CopyleftedSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak <em>Copylefted</em></strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copylefted software is free software whose distribution terms do not let "
+#~ "redistributors add any additional restrictions when they redistribute or "
+#~ "modify the software. This means that every copy of the software, even if "
+#~ "it has been modified, must be free software."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Perangkat lunak <em>copylefted</em> merupakan perangkat lunak bebas yang "
+#~ "ketentuan pendistribusinya tidak memperbolehkan untuk menambah batasan-"
+#~ "batasan tambahan--jika mendistribusikan atau memodifikasi perangkat lunak "
+#~ "tersebut. Artinya, setiap salinan dari perangkat lunak, walaupun telah "
+#~ "dimodifikasi, haruslah merupakan perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyleft is a general concept; to actually copyleft a program, you need "
+#~ "to use a specific set of distribution terms. There are many possible "
+#~ "ways to write copyleft distribution terms."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<em>Copyleft</em> merupakan konsep yang umum. Jadi, untuk meng-"
+#~ "<em>copyleft</em>-kan sebuah program, anda harus menggunakan ketentuan "
+#~ "distribusi tertentu. Terdapat berbagai cara untuk menulis perjanjian "
+#~ "distribusi program <em>copyleft</em>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCNon-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\" name=\"Non-"
+#~ "CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"><strong>Non-copylefted free software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCNon-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\" name=\"Non-"
+#~ "CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak Bebas <em>Non-"
+#~ "copylefted</em></strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCGPL-CoveredSoftware\" name=\"GPL-CoveredSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>GPL-covered software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCGPL-CoveredSoftware\" name=\"GPL-CoveredSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak <em>GPL-covered</em></strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCTheGNUsystem\" name=\"TheGNUsystem\"><strong>The GNU "
+#~ "system</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCTheGNUsystem\" name=\"TheGNUsystem\"><strong>Sistem GNU</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "We have been developing and accumulating components for the GNU system "
+#~ "since 1984; the first test release of a âcomplete GNU systemâ was in "
+#~ "1996. Today, in 2001, the system is working reliably, and people are "
+#~ "working on making GNOME and ppp work in it. In the mean time, the <a "
+#~ "href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>, an offshoot of the "
+#~ "GNU system which uses Linux as the kernel, has become a great success."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kami telah mengembangkan dan mengumpulkan komponen untuk sistem GNU ini "
+#~ "sejak tahun 1984. Pengedaran awal (percobaan) dari âsistem GNU
lengkapâ "
+#~ "dilakukan tahun 1996. Sekarang (2001), sistem GNU ini bekerja secara "
+#~ "handal, serta orang-orang bekerja dan mengembangkan GNOME, dan PPP dalam "
+#~ "sistem GNU. Pada saat bersamaan <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
+#~ "\">sistem GNU/Linux</a>, merupakan sebuah terobosan dari sistem GNU yang "
+#~ "menggunakan Linux sebagai kernel dan mengalami sukses luar biasa."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCGNUprograms\" name=\"GNUprograms\"><strong>GNU programs</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCGNUprograms\" name=\"GNUprograms\"><strong>Program GNU</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCGNUsoftware\" name=\"GNUsoftware\"><strong>GNU software</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCGNUsoftware\" name=\"GNUsoftware\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak "
+#~ "GNU</strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid "If a program is GNU software, we also say that it is a GNU program."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Jika suatu program adalah perangkat lunak GNU, kita juga menyebutnya "
+#~ "sebagai program GNU."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCsemi-freeSoftware\" name=\"semi-freeSoftware\"><strong>Semi-"
+#~ "free software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCsemi-freeSoftware\" name=\"semi-freeSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak Semi-Bebas</strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Semi-free software is software that is not free, but comes with "
+#~ "permission for individuals to use, copy, distribute, and modify "
+#~ "(including distribution of modified versions) for non-profit purposes. "
+#~ "PGP is an example of a semi-free program."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Perangkat lunak semi-bebas adalah perangkat lunak yang tidak bebas, tapi "
+#~ "mengizinkan setiap orang untuk menggunakan, menyalin, mendistribusikan, "
+#~ "dan memodifikasinya (termasuk distribusi dari versi yang telah "
+#~ "dimodifikasi) untuk tujuan non-laba. PGP adalah salah satu contoh dari "
+#~ "program semi-bebas."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Semi-free software is much better than <a href=\"categories."
+#~ "html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary software</a>, but it still poses "
+#~ "problems, and we cannot use it in a free operating system."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Perangkat lunak semi-bebas jauh lebih baik dari <a href="
+#~ "\"#ProprietarySoftware\">perangkat lunak berpemilik</a>, namun masih ada "
+#~ "masalah, dan kita tidak dapat menggunakannya pada sistem operasi yang "
+#~ "bebas."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The restrictions of copyleft are designed to protect the essential "
+#~ "freedoms for all users. For us, the only justification for any "
+#~ "substantive restriction on using a program is to prevent other people "
+#~ "from adding other restrictions. Semi-free programs have additional "
+#~ "restrictions, motivated by purely selfish goals."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Pembatasan dari <em>copyleft</em> dirancang untuk melindungi kebebasan "
+#~ "bagi semua pengguna. Bagi kami, satu-satunya alasan untuk membatasi "
+#~ "substantif dalam menggunakan program--ialah melarang orang lain untuk "
+#~ "menambahkan batasan lain. Program semi-bebas memiliki batasan-batasan "
+#~ "tambahan, yang dimotivasi oleh tujuan pribadi semata."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "It is impossible to include semi-free software in a free operating "
+#~ "system. This is because the distribution terms for the operating system "
+#~ "as a whole are the conjunction of the distribution terms for all the "
+#~ "programs in it. Adding one semi-free program to the system would make "
+#~ "the system <em>as a whole</em> just semi-free. There are two reasons we "
+#~ "do not want that to happen:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sangat mustahil untuk menyertakan perangkat lunak semi-bebas pada sistem "
+#~ "operasi bebas. Hal ini karena perjanjian distribusi untuk sistem operasi "
+#~ "keseluruhan adalah gabungan dari perjanjian distribusi untuk semua "
+#~ "program di dalamnya. Menambahkan satu program semi-bebas pada sistem akan "
+#~ "membuat <em>keseluruhan</em> sistem menjadi semi-bebas. Terdapat dua "
+#~ "alasan mengapa kami tidak menginginkan hal ini:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "We believe that free software should be for everyone--including "
+#~ "businesses, not just schools and hobbyists. We want to invite business "
+#~ "to use the whole GNU system, and therefore we must not include a semi-"
+#~ "free program in it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kami percaya bahwa perangkat lunak bebas seharusnya ditujukan bagi "
+#~ "semuanya--termasuk pelaku bisnis, dan bukan hanya untuk sekolah dan "
+#~ "sekedar hobi saja. Kami ingin mengundang kalangan bisnis untuk "
+#~ "menggunakan keseluruhan sistem GNU, dan untuk itu kami tidak dapat "
+#~ "menyertakan program semi-bebas di dalamnya."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Commercial distribution of free operating systems, including the <a href="
+#~ "\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>, is very important, and "
+#~ "users appreciate the convenience of commercial CD-ROM distributions. "
+#~ "Including one semi-free program in an operating system would cut off "
+#~ "commercial CD-ROM distribution for it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Distribusi komersial dari sistem operasi bebas, termasuk <a href=\"/gnu/"
+#~ "linux-and-gnu.html\">Sistem GNU/Linux</a> sangat penting, dan para "
+#~ "pengguna menghargai kemampuan untuk dapat membeli distribusi CD-ROM "
+#~ "komersial. Menyertakan satu program semi-bebas dalam sistem operasi "
+#~ "dapat memotong distribusi CD-ROM komersial untuknya."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The Free Software Foundation itself is non-commercial, and therefore we "
+#~ "would be legally permitted to use a semi-free program âinternallyâ.
But "
+#~ "we don't do that, because that would undermine our efforts to obtain a "
+#~ "program which we could also include in GNU."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<em>Free Software Foundation</em> sendiri adalah organisasi nirlaba, dan "
+#~ "karena itu, kami diizinkan secara hukum untuk menggunakan program semi-"
+#~ "bebas secara âinternalâ. Tapi kami tidak melakukannya, karena hal itu "
+#~ "akan melemahkan upaya kami untuk memperoleh program yang dapat disertakan "
+#~ "ke dalam GNU."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If there is a job that needs doing with software, then until we have a "
+#~ "free program to do the job, the GNU system has a gap. We have to tell "
+#~ "volunteers, âWe don't have a program yet to do this job in GNU, so we "
+#~ "hope you will write one.â If we ourselves used a semi-free program to do
"
+#~ "the job, that would undermine what we say; it would take away the impetus "
+#~ "(on us, and on others who might listen to our views) to write a free "
+#~ "replacement. So we don't do that."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Jika ada pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan perangkat lunak, maka sebelum "
+#~ "kami memiliki program bebas untuk melakukan pekerjaan itu, sistem GNU "
+#~ "memiliki kesenjangan. Kami harus memberitahukan kepada para sukarelawan, "
+#~ "âKami belum memiliki program untuk melakukan pekerjaan ini di GNU, jadi "
+#~ "kami berharap Anda menulisnya sendiri.â Jika kami menggunakan program "
+#~ "semi-bebas untuk untuk melakukan pekerjaan itu, hal itu akan melemahkan "
+#~ "apa yang telah kami katakan; hal itu akan menghancurkan motivasi (bagi "
+#~ "kami, dan orang lain yang memiliki pandangan yang sama) untuk menulis "
+#~ "substitusi yang bebas. Jadi kami tidak melakukannya."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCProprietarySoftware\" name=\"ProprietarySoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Proprietary software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCProprietarySoftware\" name=\"ProprietarySoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak Berpemilik</strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCfreeware\" name=\"freeware\"><strong>Freeware</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCfreeware\" name=\"freeware\"><strong><em>Freeware</em></"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCshareware\" name=\"shareware\"><strong>Shareware</strong></"
+#~ "a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCshareware\" name=\"shareware\"><strong><em>Shareware</em></"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCcommercialSoftware\" name=\"commercialSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Commercial Software</strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCcommercialSoftware\" name=\"commercialSoftware"
+#~ "\"><strong>Perangkat Lunak Komersial</strong></a>"
Index: philosophy/po/free-doc.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-doc.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/free-doc.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-doc.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+# Indonedian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/free-doc.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-09-15 11:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-08-26 21:52+0000\n"
+
+# | {+Why+} Free Software [-and-] {+needs+} Free [-Manuals-] {+Documentation+}
+# | - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software and Free Manuals - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid ""
+"Why Free Software needs Free Documentation - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat Lunak Bebas dan Manual Bebas - Proyek GNU - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+
+# | {+Why+} Free Software [-and-] {+needs+} Free [-Manuals-] {+Documentation+}
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Free Software and Free Manuals"
+msgid "Why Free Software needs Free Documentation"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Bebas dan Manual Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing list "
+"about the dangers of eBooks</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html\">The GNU Free Documentation License</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html\">Lisensi Dokumentasi Bebas GNU (GFDL)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the "
+"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
+"these systems. Many of our most important programs do not come with full "
+"manuals. Documentation is an essential part of any software package; when "
+"an important free software package does not come with a free manual, that is "
+"a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
+msgstr ""
+"Kekurangan utama pada sistem operasi bebas bukan terletak pada perangkat "
+"lunak—akan tapi jarangnya dilengkapi dengan manual bebas yang baik. "
+"Banyak program terpenting dari kami tidak disertai dengan manual yang "
+"lengkap. Dokumentasi merupakan bagian penting dari sebuah paket perangkat "
+"lunak. Ketika suatu paket perangkat lunak bebas yang penting tidak disertai "
+"dengan manual bebas, itu merupakan jurang pemisah utama. Saat ini terdapat "
+"banyak jurang pemisah seperti itu yang harus dihadapi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Once upon a time, many years ago, I thought I would learn Perl. I got a "
+"copy of a free manual, but I found it hard to read. When I asked Perl users "
+"about alternatives, they told me that there were better introductory "
+"manuals—but those were not free."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa tahun yang lalu, saya pernah berpikir untuk mempelajari Perl. Saya "
+"mendapatkan sebuah manual bebas, namun manual tersebut sulit untuk "
+"dimengerti. Ketika saya menanyakan kepada pemakai Perl perihal bacaan "
+"alternatif, mereka mengungkapkan bahwa ada beberapa manual untuk pemula yang "
+"lebih baik, namun tidak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Why was this? The authors of the good manuals had written them for O'Reilly "
+"Associates, which published them with restrictive terms—no copying, no "
+"modification, source files not available—which exclude them from the "
+"free software community."
+msgstr ""
+"Mengapa hal ini dapat terjadi? Penulis manual yang baik telah menuliskannya "
+"untuk <em>O'Reilly Associates</em>, yang menerbitkannya dengan ketentuan "
+"yang ketat—tidak boleh digandakan, tidak boleh dimodifikasi, serta "
+"tidak tersedia <em>source file</em>-nya—yang memisahkannya dari "
+"masyarakat pengguna perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That wasn't the first time this sort of thing has happened, and (to our "
+"community's great loss) it was far from the last. Proprietary manual "
+"publishers have enticed a great many authors to restrict their manuals since "
+"then. Many times I have heard a GNU user eagerly tell me about a manual "
+"that he is writing, with which he expects to help the GNU Project—and "
+"then had my hopes dashed, as he proceeded to explain that he had signed a "
+"contract with a publisher that would restrict it so that we cannot use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah ini bukan yang pertama-kalinya terjadi, dan (bagi komunitas kita "
+"merupakan kerugian besar) hal ini telah berlangsung lama. Terlebih, para "
+"penerbit manual berpemilik telah memperketat aturan penggunaan manual kepada "
+"para pengarangnya. Sering saya mendengar seorang pengguna GNU dengan "
+"bersemangat mengungkapkan tentang manual yang sedang ditulisnya, yang ia "
+"harap dapat membantu proyek GNU. Lalu harapan menjadi buyar, begitu ia "
+"lanjutkan bahwa ia telah menekan kontrak dengan penerbit yang jelas-jelas "
+"akan memperketat ketentuan penggunaan manual tersebut, sehingga akan "
+"mempersulit untuk dapat menggunakannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Given that writing good English is a rare skill among programmers, we can "
+"ill afford to lose manuals this way."
+msgstr ""
+"Melihat kenyataan bahwa tulis-menulis yang baik merupakan kemampuan yang "
+"jarang dimiliki oleh para pemrogram, dengan cara ini, kita harus membayar "
+"mahal dengan kehilangan manual."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
+"The problem with these manuals was not that O'Reilly Associates charged a "
+"price for printed copies—that in itself is fine. (The Free Software "
+"Foundation <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/category/books/\";>sells printed "
+"copies</a> of free <a href=\"/doc/doc.html\">GNU manuals</a>, too.) But GNU "
+"manuals are available in source code form, while these manuals are available "
+"only on paper. GNU manuals come with permission to copy and modify; the "
+"Perl manuals do not. These restrictions are the problems."
+msgstr ""
+"Dokumentasi bebas, seperti halnya perangkat lunak bebas, merupakan masalah "
+"kebebasan, dan bukan masalah harga. Masalah perihal manual ini bukan karena "
+"<em>O'Reilly Associates</em> telah menetapkan harga untuk penggandaan "
+"cetakannya—hal itu sendiri bukan masalah (<em>Free Software "
+"Foundation</em>—FSF; Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas—juga <a href="
+"\"http://shop.fsf.org/category/books/\";>berjualan cetakan</a> dari <a href="
+"\"/doc/doc.html\">manual-manual bebas GNU</a>). Namun, manual GNU "
+"melampirkan <em>source code</em>, sedangkan manual berpemilik hanya tersedia "
+"dalam bentuk kertas. Manual GNU diizinkan untuk digandakan dan "
+"dimodifikasi, akan tetapi manual Perl tidak. Hal pengetatan pembatasanlah "
+"yang menjadi masalah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
+"software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms. "
+"Redistribution (including commercial redistribution) must be permitted, so "
+"that the manual can accompany every copy of the program, on line or on "
+"paper. Permission for modification is crucial too."
+msgstr ""
+"Kriteria untuk manual bebas mempunyai masalah yang mirip dengan perangkat "
+"lunak bebas: merupakan suatu masalah untuk memberikan para pengguna sebuah "
+"kebebasan. Pendistribusian ulang (termasuk distribusi ulang secara "
+"komersial) harus diizin, sehingga manual tersebut dapat disertakan dalam "
+"setiap salinan program, <em>on-line</em> atau kertas. Perizinan untuk "
+"memodifikasi merupakan masalah yang penting juga."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As a general rule, I don't believe that it is essential for people to have "
+"permission to modify all sorts of articles and books. The issues for "
+"writings are not necessarily the same as those for software. For example, I "
+"don't think you or I are obliged to give permission to modify articles like "
+"this one, which describe our actions and our views."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebagai ketentuan umum, saya tidak yakin ini merupakan masalah yang esensial "
+"bagi setiap orang untuk memiliki izin dalam memodifikasi semua artikel dan "
+"buku. Masalah penulisan itu tidak sepenting masalah perangkat lunak. Sebagai "
+"contoh, saya tidak yakin anda atau saya berkewajiban untuk memberikan izin "
+"untuk memodifikasi artikel yang menggambarkan kegiatan atau pandangan kita."
+
+# | But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for
+# | documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to
+# | modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are
+# | conscientious they will change the [-the-] manual too—so they can
+# | provide accurate and usable documentation with the modified program. A
+# | manual which forbids programmers [-to be-] {+from being+} conscientious
+# | and [-finish-] {+finishing+} the job, or more precisely requires them to
+# | write a new manual from scratch if they change the program, does not fill
+# | our community's needs.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
+#| "documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to "
+#| "modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are "
+#| "conscientious they will change the the manual too—so they can "
+#| "provide accurate and usable documentation with the modified program. A "
+#| "manual which forbids programmers to be conscientious and finish the job, "
+#| "or more precisely requires them to write a new manual from scratch if "
+#| "they change the program, does not fill our community's needs."
+msgid ""
+"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
+"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
+"the software, and add or change its features, if they are conscientious they "
+"will change the manual too—so they can provide accurate and usable "
+"documentation with the modified program. A manual which forbids programmers "
+"from being conscientious and finishing the job, or more precisely requires "
+"them to write a new manual from scratch if they change the program, does not "
+"fill our community's needs."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, ada sebuah alasan khusus—mengapa kebebasan untuk memodifikasi "
+"dokumentasi perangkat lunak bebas—merupakan hal yang penting. Ketika "
+"seseorang melakukan hak mereka untuk memodifikasi suatu perangkat lunak, dan "
+"menambahkan atau mengubah fitur yang ada, jika mereka teliti mereka akan "
+"mengubah manualnya juga—sehingga mereka dapat memberikan dokumentasi "
+"yang akurat dan dapat digunakan sesuai dengan program yang telah "
+"dimodifikasi. Suatu manual yang menghambat seorang pemrogram untuk lebih "
+"teliti dalam meyelesaikan pekerjaan mereka, atau lebih lebih tepatnya yang "
+"mengharuskan mereka untuk menulis manual baru dari awal jika mereka merubah "
+"programnya, tidaklah sesuai dengan kebutuhan kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"While a blanket prohibition on modification is unacceptable, some kinds of "
+"limits on the method of modification pose no problem. For example, "
+"requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, the "
+"distribution terms, or the list of authors, are OK. It is also no problem "
+"to require modified versions to include notice that they were modified, even "
+"to have entire sections that may not be deleted or changed, as long as these "
+"sections deal with nontechnical topics. (Some GNU manuals have them.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Pelarangan total untuk memodifikasi memang tidak dapat diterima, namun "
+"beberapa pembatasan cara memodifikasi bukanlah merupakan masalah. Sebagai "
+"contoh, tidak ada masalah dengan ketentuan-ketentuan seperti ketentuan untuk "
+"tetap mempertahankan hak cipta asli dari pengarang semual, ketentuan "
+"distribusi, atau pun ketentuan daftar pengarang. Juga tidak ada masalah "
+"untuk melindungi versi yang sudah dimodifikasi yang menyertakan pesan bahwa "
+"versi tersebut telah mengalami perubahan, bahkan untuk seluruh bagian yang "
+"tidak boleh dihapus atau diubah, selama bagian tersebut berhubungan dengan "
+"masalah non teknis (Beberapa manual GNU ada yang seperti itu)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These kinds of restrictions are not a problem because, as a practical "
+"matter, they don't stop the conscientious programmer from adapting the "
+"manual to fit the modified program. In other words, they don't block the "
+"free software community from making full use of the manual."
+msgstr ""
+"Ketentuan pembatasan tersebut bukanlah suatu masalah, karena secara "
+"praktis—tidak menghalangi para pemrogram dari mengadaptasi manual "
+"untuk membetulkan program yang telah dimodifikasi. Dengan kata lain, hal "
+"tersebut tidak menghalangi masyarakat pengguna perangkat lunak bebas untuk "
+"memaksimalkan penggunaan manual."
+
+# | However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content
+# | of the manual, and then distribute the result [-in-] {+through+} all the
+# | usual media, through all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions
+# | do block the community, the manual is not free, and so we need another
+# | manual.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content "
+#| "of the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, "
+#| "through all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do block the "
+#| "community, the manual is not free, and so we need another manual."
+msgid ""
+"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
+"the manual, and then distribute the result through all the usual media, "
+"through all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do block the "
+"community, the manual is not free, and so we need another manual."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagaimana pun, merupakan hal yang mungkin untuk merubah semua isi "
+"<em>teknis</em> dari manual, dan kemudian mendistribusikan semua hasilnya "
+"dalam media semula, melalui semua jalur semula. Jika tidak, ketentuan itu "
+"akan membatasi masyarakat, manual menjadi tidak bebas, sehingga dibutuhkan "
+"manual yang lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, it is often hard to find someone to write another manual when "
+"a proprietary manual exists. The obstacle is that many users think that a "
+"proprietary manual is good enough—so they don't see the need to write "
+"a free manual. They do not see that the free operating system has a gap "
+"that needs filling."
+msgstr ""
+"Tetapi sayangnya, sangatlah sulit untuk menemukan seseorang untuk menuliskan "
+"manual lain jika manual berpemiliknya tetap ada. Penghalangnya ialah banyak "
+"pengguna yang berpikir bahwa manual berpemilik tidak apa-apa—sehingga "
+"mereka tidak melihat ada kebutuhan untuk menulis sebuah manual bebas. Mereka "
+"tidak melihat bahwa sistem operasi bebas mempunyai rintangan yang perlu "
+"ditanggulangi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Why do users think that proprietary manuals are good enough? Some have not "
+"considered the issue. I hope this article will do something to change that."
+msgstr ""
+"Mengapa para pengguna berpikir bahwa manual berpemilik cukup baik? Beberapa "
+"tidak mempedulikan permasalahannya. Saya harap tulisan ini akan mempunyai "
+"pengaruh untuk merubah hal tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Other users consider proprietary manuals acceptable for the same reason so "
+"many people consider proprietary software acceptable: they judge in purely "
+"practical terms, not using freedom as a criterion. These people are "
+"entitled to their opinions, but since those opinions spring from values "
+"which do not include freedom, they are no guide for those of us who do value "
+"freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pengguna lainnya berpendapat bahwa manual berpemilik dapat diterima "
+"dengan alasan yang sama dengan pendapat bahwa perangkat lunak berpemilik "
+"juga dapat diterima: mereka mempertimbangkan berdasarkan kepraktisan, serta "
+"tidak menggunakan kebebasan sebagai kriteria penilaian. Mereka memang "
+"mempunyai hak untuk mempertahankan pendapat mereka, namun berhubung pendapat "
+"tersebut berdasar pada nilai-nilai yang tidak menyertakan kebebasan, "
+"pendapat tersebut tidak dapat digunakan oleh pihak-pihak yang menghargai "
+"nilai kebebasan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please spread the word about this issue. We continue to lose manuals to "
+"proprietary publishing. If we spread the word that proprietary manuals are "
+"not sufficient, perhaps the next person who wants to help GNU by writing "
+"documentation will realize, before it is too late, that he must above all "
+"make it free."
+msgstr ""
+"Marilah ikut menyebar-luaskan masalah ini. Kita secara terus menerus "
+"kehilangan manual karena jatuh ketangan para penerbit berpemilik. Jika kita "
+"menyebarkan pandangan bahwa manual berpemilik tidak mencukupi, maka mungkin "
+"ada yang ingin membantu GNU dengan menulis dokumentasi akan menyadari, "
+"sebelum terlambat, bahwa ia harus membuatnya menjadi bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We can also encourage commercial publishers to sell free, copylefted manuals "
+"instead of proprietary ones. One way you can help this is to check the "
+"distribution terms of a manual before you buy it, and prefer copylefted "
+"manuals to noncopylefted ones."
+msgstr ""
+"Kita juga dapat mengajak para penerbit komersial untuk menjual manual yang "
+"bebas ber-<em>copyleft</em> daripada manual yang berpemilik. Anda dapat "
+"membantu kami, dengan mengutamakan memilih dan membeli manual bebas dari "
+"pada manual berpemilik. Lebih afdol lagi, jika manual tersebut mengikuti "
+"ketentuan <em>copyleft</em> dari pada yang tidak."
+
+# | [Note: We maintain a <a [-href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\">web page-]
+# | {+href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\">page+} that lists [-non-FSF
+# | published books that are-] free [-documentation</a>].-] {+books available
+# | from other publishers</a>].+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Note: We maintain a <a href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\">web page that "
+#| "lists non-FSF published books that are free documentation</a>]."
+msgid ""
+"[Note: We maintain a <a href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\">page that lists "
+"free books available from other publishers</a>]."
+msgstr ""
+"[Catatan: Kami mengelola <a href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\">halaman web "
+"yang memuat daftar terbitan buku yang merupakan dokumen bebas</a>]."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
+"2006, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html
+# Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2007.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/freedom-or-power.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-31 06:29+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2009-09-27 02:20+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Freedom Or Power? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Kebebasan atau Kekuasaan? - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, general, public, license, gpl, "
+"general public license, freedom, software, power, rights"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Linux, "
+"umum, publik, lisensi, gpl, general public license, Lisensi Publik Umum, "
+"kemerdekaan, perangkat lunak, kekuasaan, hak"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"In this essay, Freedom or Power?, Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman "
+"discuss the reasons that the free software movement doesn't advocate the so-"
+"called freedom to choose any license you want for software you write."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Freedom or Power?"
+msgstr "Kemerdekaan atau Kekuasaan?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"oleh <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> dan <strong>Richard M. Stallman</"
+"strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the love of "
+"ourselves."
+msgstr ""
+"Kecintaan terhadap kemerdekaan adalah kecintaan terhadap sesama; kecintaan "
+"terhadap kekuasaan adalah kecintaan pada diri sendiri."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "-- William Hazlitt"
+msgstr "-- William Hazlitt"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of "
+"software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are necessary "
+"for a good way of life, and permit useful programs to foster a community of "
+"goodwill, cooperation, and collaboration. <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">Our criteria for free software</a> specify the freedoms that a program's "
+"users need so that they can cooperate in a community."
+msgstr ""
+"Dalam gerakan perangkat lunak bebas, kami memperjuangkan kemerdekaan "
+"pengguna atas perangkat lunak. Kami memformulasikan pandangan kami dengan "
+"melihat pada pentingnya kemerdekaan untuk menjalani kehidupan yang baik, dan "
+"memperbolehkan program-program yang berguna untuk mendorong komunitas dengan "
+"niat mulia, kerjasama dan kolaborasi. <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">Kriteria kami untuk perangkat lunak bebas</a> menjelaskan kemerdekaan "
+"dari program yang para pengguna butuhkan sehingga mereka bisa bekerjasama "
+"dalam sebuah komunitas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We stand for freedom for programmers as well as for other users. Most of us "
+"are programmers, and we want freedom for ourselves as well as for you. But "
+"each of us uses software written by others, and we want freedom when using "
+"that software, not just when using our own code. We stand for freedom for "
+"all users, whether they program often, occasionally, or not at all."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami memperjuangkan kemerdekaan bagi para programer dan juga bagi para "
+"pengguna. Kebanyakan dari kami adalah programer, dan kami menginginkan "
+"kemerdekaan untuk diri kami dan juga kamu. Tapi masing-masing dari kami "
+"menggunakan perangkat lunak yang ditulis oleh orang lain, dan kami "
+"menginginkan kemerdekaan ketika menggunakan perangkat lunak tersebut, tidak "
+"hanya ketika kami menggunakan kode-kode yang kami tulis sendiri. Kami "
+"memperjuangkan kemerdekaan untuk semua pengguna, baik apakah mereka sering "
+"melakuka pemrograman, kadang-kadang, atau bahkan tidak sama sekali."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, one so-called freedom that we do not advocate is the “freedom "
+"to choose any license you want for software you write.” We reject this "
+"because it is really a form of power, not a freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagaimanapun juga, sebentuk kemerdekaan yang tidak kami percayai adalah "
+"âkemerdekaan untuk memilih lisensi manapun yang kamu inginkan untuk "
+"perangkat lunak yang kamu tulisâ. Kami menolaknya karena hal tersebut "
+"sebenarnya hanyalah sebuah bentuk kekuasaan, bukan sebuah kemerdekaan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This oft overlooked distinction is crucial. Freedom is being able to make "
+"decisions that affect mainly you; power is being able to make decisions that "
+"affect others more than you. If we confuse power with freedom, we will fail "
+"to uphold real freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Perbedaan yang kerap terlalu dibesar-besarkan ini sangatlah penting. "
+"Kemerdekaan adalah tentang mampu membuat keputusan yang utamanya berpengaruh "
+"kepada diri kita sendiri; kekuasaan adalah tentang mampu membuat keputusan "
+"yang bisa berpengaruh pada orang lain selain diri kita. Jika kita "
+"kebingungan membedakan antara kekuasaan dan kemerdekaan, maka kita akan "
+"gagal menjunjung kemerdekaan yang sebenarnya."
+
+# | [-Proprietary software-]{+Making a program proprietary+} is an exercise of
+# | power. Copyright law today grants software developers that power, so they
+# | and only they choose the rules to impose on everyone else—a
+# | relatively [-few-] {+small number of+} people make the basic software
+# | decisions for [-everyone,-] {+all users,+} typically by denying their
+# | freedom. When users lack the freedoms that define free software, they
+# | can't tell what the software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't
+# | monitor possible viruses and worms, can't find out what personal
+# | information is being reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find
+# | out). If it breaks, they can't fix it; they have to wait for the
+# | developer to exercise its power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what
+# | they need, they are stuck with it. They can't help each other improve it.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Proprietary software is an exercise of power. Copyright law today grants "
+#| "software developers that power, so they and only they choose the rules to "
+#| "impose on everyone else—a relatively few people make the basic "
+#| "software decisions for everyone, typically by denying their freedom. "
+#| "When users lack the freedoms that define free software, they can't tell "
+#| "what the software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't monitor "
+#| "possible viruses and worms, can't find out what personal information is "
+#| "being reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find out). If it "
+#| "breaks, they can't fix it; they have to wait for the developer to "
+#| "exercise its power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what they need, "
+#| "they are stuck with it. They can't help each other improve it."
+msgid ""
+"Making a program proprietary is an exercise of power. Copyright law today "
+"grants software developers that power, so they and only they choose the "
+"rules to impose on everyone else—a relatively small number of people "
+"make the basic software decisions for all users, typically by denying their "
+"freedom. When users lack the freedoms that define free software, they can't "
+"tell what the software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't monitor "
+"possible viruses and worms, can't find out what personal information is "
+"being reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find out). If it "
+"breaks, they can't fix it; they have to wait for the developer to exercise "
+"its power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what they need, they are stuck "
+"with it. They can't help each other improve it."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak proprieteary adalah sebuah praktek kekuasaan. Hukum Hak "
+"Cipta saat ini memberikan pengembang perangkat lunak kekuasaan semacam itu, "
+"agar mereka, dan hanya mereka, yang dapat memilih peraturan yang akan "
+"diberlakukan pada orang lain selain mereka âsekumpulan orang yang jumlahnya
"
+"relatif kecil membuat keputusan dasar perangkat lunak untuk setiap orang, "
+"yang seringkali dengan mengesampingkan kemerdekaan yang mereka miliki. "
+"Ketika para pengguna tidak memiliki kemerdekaan yang menjadi definisi "
+"perangkat lunak bebas, mereka tidak dapat mengetahui apa yang si perangkat "
+"lunak sedang lakukan. Pengguna tidak bisa memeriksa âpintu-pintu "
+"belakangâ (<em>back doors</em>), memonitor kemungkinan datangnya virus atau
"
+"âcacingâ (<em>worms</em>), tidak dapat mengetahui informasi pribadi macam
"
+"apa saja yang dilaporkan ke luar komputer (atau menghentikan pengiriman "
+"laporan-laporan tersebut jika mereka memang toh mengetahuinya). Jika rusak, "
+"pengguna tidak dapat memperbaikinya; mereka harus menunggu si pengembang "
+"perangkat lunak untuk melakukan praktek kekuasaannya untuk memperbaikinya "
+"perangkat lunak tersebut. Jika pun ini bukan apa yang pengguna inginkan, "
+"mereka telah terjebak dengannya. Pengguna tidak dapat saling membantu untuk "
+"memperbaiki perangkat lunak tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software developers are often businesses. We in the free "
+"software movement are not opposed to business, but we have seen what happens "
+"when a software business has the “freedom” to impose arbitrary "
+"rules on the users of software. Microsoft is an egregious example of how "
+"denying users' freedoms can lead to direct harm, but it is not the only "
+"example. Even when there is no monopoly, proprietary software harms "
+"society. A choice of masters is not freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Pengembang perangkat lunak proprietary seringkali merupakan bisnis. Kami di "
+"gerakan perangkat lunak bebas tidak menentang praktek bisnis, tapi kami "
+"telah melihat apa yang terjadi ketika bisnis perangkat lunak memiliki "
+"âkemerdekaanâ untuk memberlakukan peraturan arbiter pada pengguna
perangkat "
+"lunak. Microsoft adalah sebuah contoh menjijikan bagaimana mengelakkan "
+"kemerdekaan pengguna dapat menyakiti pengguna secara langsung. Tapi itu "
+"bukan satu-satunya contoh. Bahkan ketika tidak ada monopoli, perangkat lunak "
+"proprietary berbahaya bagi masyarakat. Suatu pilihan untuk memilih majikan "
+"bukanlah kemerdekaan."
+
+# | Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated on
+# | the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world program
+# | regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software businesses.
+# | But the entire developed world now needs and uses software, so software
+# | developers now control the way [-the world-] {+it+} lives, does business,
+# | communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and political issues are
+# | not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of choice (for developers
+# | only).”
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated on "
+#| "the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world program "
+#| "regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software "
+#| "businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses software, "
+#| "so software developers now control the way the world lives, does "
+#| "business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and political "
+#| "issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of choice (for "
+#| "developers only).”"
+msgid ""
+"Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated on the "
+"interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world program regularly, "
+"and fewer still are owners of proprietary software businesses. But the "
+"entire developed world now needs and uses software, so software developers "
+"now control the way it lives, does business, communicates, and is "
+"entertained. The ethical and political issues are not addressed by the "
+"slogan of “freedom of choice (for developers only).”"
+msgstr ""
+"Diskusi mengenai hak dan peraturan perangkat lunak seringkali berkonsentrasi "
+"pada kepentingan programmer saja. Segelintir orang menulis program secara "
+"teratur, dan lebih sedikit lagi yang merupakan pemilik bisnis perangkat "
+"lunak proprietary. Namun seluruh Negara berkembang saat ini membutuhkan dan "
+"menggunakan perangkat lunak, jadi pengembang perangkat lunak saat ini "
+"mengontrol bagaimana dunia hidup, melakukan bisnis, berkomunikasi, dan "
+"bagaimana dunia dihibur. Masalah-masalah etis dan politisnya tidak "
+"dikemukakan dengan slogan âkemerdekaan untuk memilih (hanya bagi pengembang
"
+"perangkat lunak)â."
+
+# | If “code is law,” [-as Professor Lawrence Lessig (of Stanford
+# | Law School) has stated,-] {+<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>+} then the real
+# | question we face is: who should control the code you use—you, or an
+# | elite few? We believe you are entitled to control the software you use,
+# | and giving you that control is the goal of free software.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If “code is law,” as Professor Lawrence Lessig (of Stanford "
+#| "Law School) has stated, then the real question we face is: who should "
+#| "control the code you use—you, or an elite few? We believe you are "
+#| "entitled to control the software you use, and giving you that control is "
+#| "the goal of free software."
+msgid ""
+"If “code is law,” <a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> then the real question "
+"we face is: who should control the code you use—you, or an elite few? "
+"We believe you are entitled to control the software you use, and giving you "
+"that control is the goal of free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika âkode adalah hukumâ, sebagaimana Profesor Lawrence Lessig (dari "
+"Stanford Law School) telah katakan, maka pertanyaan yang kemudian kita "
+"hadapi adalah: siapa yang harus mengontrol kode yang kamu gunakan—"
+"kamu, atau segilintir elit? Kami percaya bahwa kamu berhak mengontrol "
+"perangkat lunak yang kamu gunakan, dan memberimu kontrol semacam itu adalah "
+"tujuan dari perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We believe you should decide what to do with the software you use; however, "
+"that is not what today's law says. Current copyright law places us in the "
+"position of power over users of our code, whether we like it or not. The "
+"ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for each user, "
+"just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government power by "
+"guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a href=\"/copyleft/"
+"copyleft.html\">GNU General Public License</a> is for: it puts you in "
+"control of your usage of the software while <a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"copyleft.html\">protecting you from others</a> who would like to take "
+"control of your decisions."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami percaya kamu harus memutuskan apa yang akan kamu lakukan dengan "
+"perangkat lunak yang kamu gunakan; bagaimanapun, itu bukalah apa yang hukum "
+"saat ini katakan. Hukum Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual saat ini memosisikan "
+"kita pada posisi berkuasa atas pengguna kode yang kita tulis, terlepas dari "
+"apakah kita menyukainya atau tidak. Tanggapan etis dari situasi ini adalah "
+"untuk mengembalikan kemerdekaan pada setiap pengguna, sama seperti "
+"Pernyataan Hak Asasi Manusia seharusnya membuat kekuasaan pemerintah "
+"menjamin kemerdekaan setiap warga negara. Itulah gunanya <a href=\"/copyleft/"
+"copyleft.html\">GNU General Public License</a>: memberikan kamu kontrol dari "
+"penggunaan perangkat lunak, sementara di lain sisi <a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"copyleft.html\">melindungi kamu dari orang lain</a> yang ingin mengontrol "
+"keputusan-keputusan yang kamu buat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As more and more users realize that code is law, and come to feel that they "
+"too deserve freedom, they will see the importance of the freedoms we stand "
+"for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the practical value "
+"of the free software we have developed."
+msgstr ""
+"Di saat semakin banyak pengguna yang menyadari bahwa kode sesungguhnya "
+"adalah sebuah âhukumâ, dan kemudian menyadari bahwa mereka juga berhak
atas "
+"sebuah kemerdekaan, mereka akan melihat pentingnya kemerdekaan yang kami "
+"perjuangkan, seiring dengan lebih banyak pengguna yang kemudian menghargai "
+"nilai praktis dari perangkat lunak yang kami kembangkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"f1\"></a> William J. Mitchell, <em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and "
+"the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by "
+"Lawrence Lessig in <em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> "
+"(New York, NY: Basic Books, 2006), p. 5."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Esai ini telah dipublikasikan dalam buku <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/";
+"product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The "
+"Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2009 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2001 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman"
+
+# | Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted
+# | {+without royalty+} in any medium, provided this notice is preserved{+.+}
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in "
+#| "any medium, provided this notice is preserved"
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted "
+"without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in "
+"any medium, provided this notice is preserved</em> â diizinkan untuk "
+"melakukan penyalinan utuh serta mendistribusikan seluruh berkas pada segala "
+"macam media, dengan ketentuan menyertakan nota hak cipta ini."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Other Texts to Read</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Teks lain yang perlu dibaca</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-sw.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/free-sw.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1307 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/free-sw.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-16 21:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2001-12-21 17:06+0000\n"
+
+# | [-The Free Software Definition-]{+What is free software?+} - GNU Project -
+# | Free Software Foundation
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Definisi Perangkat Lunak Bebas - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, "
+"Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Linux, "
+"Emacs, GCC, Unix, Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Sistem Operasi, Kernel GNU, HURD, "
+"GNU HURD, Hurd"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that "
+"computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they "
+"use."
+msgstr ""
+"Semenjak 1983, telah mengembangkan sistem operasi bebas berbasis Unix yaitu "
+"GNU, sehingga para pengguna komputer dapat secara bebas berbagi serta "
+"mempercanggih perangkat lunak yang mereka gunakan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "What is free software?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The Free Software Definition"
+msgstr "Definisi Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
+
+# | [-We maintain this-]{+The+} free software definition [-to show clearly
+# | what must be true about-] {+presents the criteria for whether+} a
+# | particular software program [-for-] {+qualifies as free software. From
+# | time to time we revise this definition, to clarify+} it {+or+} to [-be
+# | considered-] {+resolve questions about subtle issues. See the <a
+# | href=\"#History\">History section</a> below for a list of changes that
+# | affect the definition of+} free software.
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be "
+#| "true about a particular software program for it to be considered free "
+#| "software."
+msgid ""
+"The free software definition presents the criteria for whether a particular "
+"software program qualifies as free software. From time to time we revise "
+"this definition, to clarify it or to resolve questions about subtle issues. "
+"See the <a href=\"#History\">History section</a> below for a list of changes "
+"that affect the definition of free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami mempertahankan definisi perangkat lunak bebas ini untuk menunjukkan "
+"secara jelas perihal persyaratan sebuah program perangkat lunak disebut "
+"perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+# | “Free software” {+means software that respects users' freedom
+# | and community. Roughly, it means that <b>the users have the freedom to
+# | run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software</b>. Thus,
+# | “free software”+} is a matter of liberty, not price. To
+# | understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in
+# | “free speech,” not as in “free [-beer.”-]
+# | {+beer”. We sometimes call it “libre software,”
+# | borrowing the French or Spanish word for “free” as in freedom,
+# | to show we do not mean the software is gratis.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To "
+#| "understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in "
+#| "“free speech,” not as in “free beer.”"
+msgid ""
+"“Free software” means software that respects users' freedom and "
+"community. Roughly, it means that <b>the users have the freedom to run, "
+"copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software</b>. Thus, “"
+"free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the "
+"concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,"
+"” not as in “free beer”. We sometimes call it “"
+"libre software,” borrowing the French or Spanish word for “"
+"free” as in freedom, to show we do not mean the software is gratis."
+msgstr ""
+"âPerangkat Lunak Bebasâ ialah perihal kebebasan, bukan harga. Untuk "
+"memahami konsep ini, silakan bayangkan tentang âkebebasan berbicaraâ, dan
"
+"bukannya âbir gratis.â"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We campaign for these freedoms because everyone deserves them. With these "
+"freedoms, the users (both individually and collectively) control the program "
+"and what it does for them. When users don't control the program, we call it "
+"a “nonfree” or “proprietary” program. The nonfree "
+"program controls the users, and the developer controls the program; this "
+"makes the program <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important."
+"html\"> an instrument of unjust power</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "The four essential freedoms"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | [-Free software-]{+A program+} is [-a matter of the users' freedom to run,
+# | copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely,
+# | it refers to four kinds of freedom, for-] {+free software if+} the
+# | {+program's+} users [-of-] {+have+} the [-software:-] {+four essential
+# | freedoms:+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, "
+#| "study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to "
+#| "four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:"
+msgid ""
+"A program is free software if the program's users have the four essential "
+"freedoms:"
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat Lunak Bebas mengacu pada kebebasan para penggunanya untuk "
+"menjalankan, menggandakan, menyebarluaskan, mempelajari, mengubah dan "
+"meningkatkan kinerja perangkat lunak. Tepatnya, mengacu pada empat jenis "
+"kebebasan bagi para pengguna perangkat lunak:"
+
+# | The freedom to run the [-program,-] {+program as you wish,+} for any
+# | purpose (freedom 0).
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0)."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose (freedom 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"Kebebasan untuk menjalankan programnya untuk tujuan apa saja (kebebasan 0)."
+
+# | The freedom to study how the program works, and [-adapt-] {+change+} it
+# | [-to-] {+so it does+} your [-needs-] {+computing as you wish+} (freedom
+# | 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs "
+#| "(freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your "
+"computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a "
+"precondition for this."
+msgstr ""
+"Kebebasan untuk mempelajari bagaimana program itu bekerja serta dapat "
+"disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anda (kebebasan 1). Akses pada kode program "
+"merupakan suatu prasyarat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2)."
+msgstr ""
+"Kebebasan untuk menyebarluaskan kembali hasil salinan perangkat lunak "
+"tersebut sehingga dapat membantu sesama anda (kebebasan 2)."
+
+# | The freedom to [-improve the program, and release-] {+distribute copies
+# | of+} your [-improvements-] {+modified versions+} to [-the public, so
+# | that-] {+others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give+} the whole
+# | community [-benefits (freedom 3).-] {+a chance to benefit from your
+# | changes.+} Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the "
+#| "public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the "
+#| "source code is a precondition for this."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others "
+"(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to "
+"benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for "
+"this."
+msgstr ""
+"Kebebasan untuk meningkatkan kinerja program, dan dapat menyebarkannya ke "
+"khalayak umum sehingga semua menikmati keuntungannya (kebebasan 3). Akses "
+"pada kode program merupakan suatu prasyarat juga."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A program is free software if it gives users adequately all of these "
+"freedoms. Otherwise, it is nonfree. While we can distinguish various "
+"nonfree distribution schemes in terms of how far they fall short of being "
+"free, we consider them all equally unethical."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In any given scenario, these freedoms must apply to whatever code we plan to "
+"make use of, or lead others to make use of. For instance, consider a "
+"program A which automatically launches a program B to handle some cases. If "
+"we plan to distribute A as it stands, that implies users will need B, so we "
+"need to judge whether both A and B are free. However, if we plan to modify "
+"A so that it doesn't use B, only A needs to be free; B is not pertinent to "
+"that plan."
+msgstr ""
+
+# | “Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A
+# | free program must be available for commercial [-use.-] {+use, commercial
+# | development, and commercial distribution.+} Commercial development of
+# | free software is no longer unusual; such [-programs are-] free commercial
+# | [-software.-] {+software is very important.+} You may have paid money to
+# | get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge.
+# | But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to
+# | copy and change the software, even to <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">sell copies</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A "
+#| "free program must be available for commercial use. Commercial "
+#| "development of free software is no longer unusual; such programs are free "
+#| "commercial software. You may have paid money to get copies of free "
+#| "software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless "
+#| "of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and "
+#| "change the software, even to <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">sell "
+#| "copies</a>."
+msgid ""
+"“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A "
+"free program must be available for commercial use, commercial development, "
+"and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software is no "
+"longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important. You may "
+"have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have obtained "
+"copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies, you always "
+"have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/selling.html\">sell copies</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak bebas bukan berarti âtidak komersialâ. Program bebas
harus "
+"boleh digunakan untuk keperluan komersial. Pengembangan perangkat lunak "
+"bebas secara komersial pun tidak merupakan hal yang aneh; dan produknya "
+"ialah perangkat lunak bebas yang komersial. Anda mungkin harus membayar "
+"untuk mendapatkan perangkat lunak GNU, atau mungkin juga anda mendapatkannya "
+"secara cuma-cuma. Terlepas dari cara mendapatkan perangkat lunak tersebut, "
+"anda akan selalu bebas untuk menyalin dan mengubah perangkat lunak tersebut, "
+"atau pun <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">untuk menjualnya</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The rest of this page clarifies certain points about what makes specific "
+"freedoms adequate or not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "The freedom to run the program as you wish"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | The freedom to [-use a-] {+run the+} program means the freedom for any
+# | kind of person or organization to use it on any kind of computer system,
+# | for any kind of overall job[-,-] and {+purpose,+} without being required
+# | to communicate [-subsequently-] {+about it+} with the developer or any
+# | other specific entity. {+In this freedom, it is the <em>user's</em>
+# | purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose; you as a user
+# | are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you distribute it to
+# | someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes, but you are not
+# | entitled to impose your purposes on her.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to use a program means the freedom for any kind of person or "
+#| "organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of "
+#| "overall job, and without being required to communicate subsequently with "
+#| "the developer or any other specific entity."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or "
+"organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of "
+"overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with "
+"the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the "
+"<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose; "
+"you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you "
+"distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes, "
+"but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her."
+msgstr ""
+"Kebebasan untuk menggunakan sebuah program berarti kebebasan bagi siapa pun "
+"â baik perorangan atau pun organisasi â untuk menggunakan pada komputer "
+"jenis apa pun, untuk kegiatan apa pun, tanpa perlu memberitahu para "
+"pengembang atau pun pihak-pihak lainnya secara khusus."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to run the program as you wish means that you are not forbidden "
+"or stopped from doing so. It has nothing to do with what functionality the "
+"program has, or whether it is useful for what you want to do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "The freedom to study the source code and make changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | In order for [-the-] freedoms {+1 and 3 (the freedom+} to make
+# | changes[-,-] and {+the freedom+} to publish [-improved versions,-] {+the
+# | changed versions)+} to be meaningful, you must have access to the source
+# | code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+# | necessary condition for free software. {+Obfuscated “source
+# | code” is not real source code and does not count as source code.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved "
+#| "versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of "
+#| "the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary "
+#| "condition for free software."
+msgid ""
+"In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom "
+"to publish the changed versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to "
+"the source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is "
+"a necessary condition for free software. Obfuscated “source "
+"code” is not real source code and does not count as source code."
+msgstr ""
+"Agar terdapat kebebasan melakukan perubahan â serta mempublikasikan versi "
+"yang lebih baik â memiliki arti, anda harus memiliki akses pada kode
program "
+"tersebut. Jadi, memiliki akses tersebut merupakan syarat mutlak untuk "
+"perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of the "
+"original. If the program is delivered in a product designed to run someone "
+"else's modified versions but refuse to run yours — a practice known as "
+"“tivoization” or “lockdown”, or (in its "
+"practitioners' perverse terminology) as “secure boot” — "
+"freedom 1 becomes an empty pretense rather than a practical reality. These "
+"binaries are not free software even if the source code they are compiled "
+"from is free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free "
+"subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot "
+"merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it "
+"requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the "
+"license is too restrictive to qualify as free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter. If your "
+"right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that someone "
+"else considers an improvement, that program is not free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | [-A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms.
+# | Thus,-]{+Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means+} you [-should
+# | be-] {+are+} free to redistribute copies, either with or without
+# | modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+# | href=\"#exportcontrol\">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these
+# | things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for
+# | [-permission.-] {+permission to do so.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you "
+#| "should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without "
+#| "modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a "
+#| "href=\"#exportcontrol\">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these "
+#| "things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for "
+#| "permission."
+msgid ""
+"Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means you are free to redistribute "
+"copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a "
+"fee for distribution, to <a href=\"#exportcontrol\">anyone anywhere</a>. "
+"Being free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not "
+"have to ask or pay for permission to do so."
+msgstr ""
+"Suatu program merupakan perangkat lunak bebas, jika setiap pengguna memiliki "
+"semua dari kebebasan tersebut. Dengan demikian, anda seharusnya bebas untuk "
+"menyebarluaskan salinan program itu, dengan atau tanpa modifikasi "
+"(perubahan), secara gratis atau pun dengan memungut biaya penyebarluasan, "
+"kepada <a href=\"#exportcontrol\">siapa pun dimana pun</a>. Kebebasan untuk "
+"melakukan semua hal di atas berarti anda tidak harus meminta atau pun "
+"membayar untuk ijin tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them "
+"privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they "
+"exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to notify "
+"anyone in particular, or in any particular way."
+msgstr ""
+"Anda juga seharusnya memiliki kebebasan untuk memodifikasi (merubah), serta "
+"menggunakan untuk keperluan anda pribadi dalam pekerjaan anda, atau untuk "
+"main-main, tanpa perlu menyatakan kerberadaan program tersebut. Jika "
+"mengedarkan perubahan tersebut, anda seharusnya tidak perlu memberitahu "
+"siapa pun dengan cara apa pun."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free "
+"software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in "
+"other words, it does not have to be a <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
+"\">copyleft</a> license. However, a license that requires modified versions "
+"to be nonfree does not qualify as a free license."
+msgstr ""
+
+# | The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms
+# | of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified
+# | versions. {+(Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for
+# | conveniently installable free operating systems.)+} It is OK
+# | if there is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain
+# | [-program,-] {+program (since some languages don't support that
+# | feature),+} but [-people-] {+you+} must have the freedom to redistribute
+# | such forms should [-they-] {+you+} find or develop a way to make them.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable "
+#| "forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and "
+#| "unmodified versions. It is OK if there is no way to produce a binary or "
+#| "executable form for a certain program, but people must have the freedom "
+#| "to redistribute such forms should they find or develop a way to make them."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms "
+"of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified "
+"versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for "
+"conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no "
+"way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some "
+"languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to "
+"redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them."
+msgstr ""
+"Kebebasan untuk menyebarluaskan hasil penggandaan, harus termasuk bentuk "
+"biner (eksekusi), atau pun kode program, yang termodifikasi mau pun yang "
+"belum. Tidak apa-apa, jika tidak disertakan cara memproduksi bentuk biner "
+"tersebut, namun perlu ada kebebasan penyebarluasannnya, jika dikemudian hari "
+"ditemukan cara untuk memproduksinya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Copyleft"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | [-However, certain-]{+Certain+} kinds of rules about the manner of
+# | distributing free software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with
+# | the central freedoms. For example, <a
+# | href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> (very simply stated) is the
+# | rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to
+# | deny other people the central freedoms. This rule does not conflict with
+# | the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free "
+#| "software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central "
+#| "freedoms. For example, <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> "
+#| "(very simply stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program, "
+#| "you cannot add restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms. "
+#| "This rule does not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it protects "
+#| "them."
+msgid ""
+"Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free software are "
+"acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central freedoms. For "
+"example, <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> (very simply "
+"stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add "
+"restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms. This rule does not "
+"conflict with the central freedoms; rather it protects them."
+msgstr ""
+"Walau pun demikian, aturan tertentu mengenai tata cara pendistribusian "
+"perangkat lunak bebas dapat diterima, selama tidak bertentangan dengan "
+"hakikat inti dari kebebasan itu sendiri. Umpamanya, <i><a href=\"/copyleft/"
+"copyleft.html\">copyleft</a></i> (pada garis besarnya), tidak mengizinkan "
+"penambahan aturan pelarangan atau pembatasan hak orang lain yang tidak "
+"sesuai dengan hakikat inti dari kebebasan. Hal ini tidak bertentangan dengan "
+"hakikat inti dari kebebasan itu sendiri, justru aturan ini melindunginya."
+
+# | In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect [-these-] {+the four+}
+# | freedoms legally for everyone. [-But <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">
+# | non-copylefted free software</a> also exists.-] We believe there are
+# | important reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">[- -]it is
+# | better to use [-copyleft</a>, but if your program is non-copylefted-]
+# | {+copyleft</a>. However, <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">
+# | noncopylefted+} free [-software, we can still use it.-] {+software</a> is
+# | ethical too.+} See <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of
+# | Free Software</a> for a description of how “free software,”
+# | “copylefted software” and other categories of software relate
+# | to each other.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect these freedoms legally for "
+#| "everyone. But <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-"
+#| "CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> non-copylefted free software</a> also exists. "
+#| "We believe there are important reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#| "pragmatic.html\"> it is better to use copyleft</a>, but if your program "
+#| "is non-copylefted free software, we can still use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free Software</a> for a "
+#| "description of how “free software,” “copylefted "
+#| "software” and other categories of software relate to each other."
+msgid ""
+"In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect the four freedoms legally for "
+"everyone. We believe there are important reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"pragmatic.html\">it is better to use copyleft</a>. However, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> noncopylefted free "
+"software</a> is ethical too. See <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html"
+"\">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how “free "
+"software,” “copylefted software” and other categories of "
+"software relate to each other."
+msgstr ""
+"Dalam proyek GNU, kami menggunakan <i>copyleft</i> untuk melindungi untuk "
+"semuanya, kebebasan tersebut di atas secara hukum. Namun, terdapat juga <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> perangkat "
+"lunak bebas yang <i>tidak copyleft</i></a>. Kami memiliki alasan kuat "
+"mengapa <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">lebih baik menggunakan "
+"<i>copyleft</i></a>, namun kami akan tetap memanfaatkan program anda yang "
+"tidak <i>copyleft</i>. Lihat juga <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html"
+"\">kategori dari perangkat lunak bebas</a> yang menjelaskan keterkaitan "
+"antara âperangkat lunak bebas,â âperangkat lunak copyleftâ serta
kategori "
+"perangkat lunak lainnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Rules about packaging and distribution details"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
+# | don't [-effectively block-] {+substantively limit+} your freedom to
+# | release modified [-versions. Rules that “if you make the program
+# | available in this way, you must-] {+versions, or your freedom to+} make
+# | {+and use modified versions privately. Thus,+} it [-available in that way
+# | also” can be-] {+is+} acceptable [-too, on-] {+for+} the [-same
+# | condition. (Note-] {+license to require+} that [-such a rule still
+# | leaves-] you {+change+} the [-choice-] {+name+} of [-whether to publish-]
+# | the [-program-] {+modified version, remove a logo,+} or [-not.)-]
+# | {+identify your modifications as yours. As long as these requirements are
+# | not so burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
+# | changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to the
+# | program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they "
+#| "don't effectively block your freedom to release modified versions. Rules "
+#| "that “if you make the program available in this way, you must make "
+#| "it available in that way also” can be acceptable too, on the same "
+#| "condition. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether "
+#| "to publish the program or not.)"
+msgid ""
+"Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they don't "
+"substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or your "
+"freedom to make and use modified versions privately. Thus, it is acceptable "
+"for the license to require that you change the name of the modified version, "
+"remove a logo, or identify your modifications as yours. As long as these "
+"requirements are not so burdensome that they effectively hamper you from "
+"releasing your changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other "
+"changes to the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more."
+msgstr ""
+"Aturan perihal cara mengemas perangkat lunak bebas hasil modifikasi pun "
+"dapat diterima, jika tidak secara efektif menghalangi kebebasan anda untuk "
+"mempublikasikan ulang modifikasinya. Demikian pula aturan, âJika anda "
+"membuat program tersedia dalam cara tertentu, maka anda juga harus "
+"membuatnya tersedia dalam cara tertentu lainnya,â juga dapat diterima
dengan "
+"ketentuan yang sama (Perhatikan bahwa aturan tersebut masih memberikan anda "
+"pilihan untuk menentukan apakah program itu akan dipublikasikan atau tidak)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Rules that “if you make your version available in this way, you must "
+"make it available in that way also” can be acceptable too, on the same "
+"condition. An example of such an acceptable rule is one saying that if you "
+"have distributed a modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy "
+"of it, you must send one. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the "
+"choice of whether to distribute your version at all.) Rules that require "
+"release of source code to the users for versions that you put into public "
+"use are also acceptable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A special issue arises when a license requires changing the name by which "
+"the program will be invoked from other programs. That effectively hampers "
+"you from releasing your changed version so that it can replace the original "
+"when invoked by those other programs. This sort of requirement is "
+"acceptable only if there's a suitable aliasing facility that allows you to "
+"specify the original program's name as an alias for the modified version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Export regulations"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control
+# | regulations</a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to
+# | distribute copies of programs internationally. Software developers do not
+# | have the power to eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they
+# | can and must do is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the
+# | program. In this way, the restrictions will not affect activities and
+# | people outside the jurisdictions of these governments. {+Thus, free
+# | software licenses must not require obedience to any nontrivial export
+# | regulations as a condition of exercising any of the essential freedoms.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control regulations</"
+#| "a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of "
+#| "programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to "
+#| "eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do "
+#| "is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this "
+#| "way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the "
+#| "jurisdictions of these governments."
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control regulations</a> "
+"and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of "
+"programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to "
+"eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do is "
+"refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this way, the "
+"restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the jurisdictions "
+"of these governments. Thus, free software licenses must not require "
+"obedience to any nontrivial export regulations as a condition of exercising "
+"any of the essential freedoms."
+msgstr ""
+"Terkadang sebuah pemerintah mengeluarkan <a id=\"exportcontrol\">aturan "
+"pembatasan ekspor</a> perdagangan yang dapat membatasi kebebasan anda untuk "
+"menyebarkan salinan program secara internasional. Para pengembang perangkat "
+"lunak memang tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk meniadakan atau melanggar/ "
+"mengganti aturan tersebut. Namun yang dapat â dan harus dilakukan â
ialah "
+"menolak untuk menetapkan program tersebut sebagai prasyarat dari apa pun. "
+"Dengan cara ini, peraturan pembatasan ekspor tersebut tidak akan memiliki "
+"pengaruh apa pun, baik terhadap sebuah kegiatan mau pun terhadap pihak-pihak "
+"di luar wilayah hukum pemerintah tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Merely mentioning the existence of export regulations, without making them a "
+"condition of the license itself, is acceptable since it does not restrict "
+"users. If an export regulation is actually trivial for free software, then "
+"requiring it as a condition is not an actual problem; however, it is a "
+"potential problem, since a later change in export law could make the "
+"requirement nontrivial and thus render the software nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Legal considerations"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be {+permanent and+}
+# | irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
+# | software has the power to revoke the license, {+or retroactively add
+# | restrictions to its terms,+} without your doing anything {+wrong+} to give
+# | cause, the software is not free.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as long "
+#| "as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the power "
+#| "to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause, the "
+#| "software is not free."
+msgid ""
+"In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and "
+"irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the "
+"software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively add "
+"restrictions to its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, "
+"the software is not free."
+msgstr ""
+"Agar dapat menjadi nyata, kebebasan ini tidak boleh dibatalkan selama anda "
+"tidak melakukan suatu kesalahan. Jika pengembang perangkat lunak tersebut "
+"mempunyai hak untuk mencabut lisensi, tanpa anda melakukan apa-apa yang "
+"menyebabkan seperti itu, maka program tersebut tidak dapat disebut sebagai "
+"perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A free license may not require compliance with the license of a nonfree "
+"program. Thus, for instance, if a license requires you to comply with the "
+"licenses of “all the programs you use”, in the case of a user "
+"that runs nonfree programs this would require compliance with the licenses "
+"of those nonfree programs; that makes the license nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is acceptable for a free license to specify which jurisdiction's law "
+"applies, or where litigation must be done, or both."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Contract-based licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on "
+"what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a copyright-"
+"based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is unlikely "
+"to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated (though this "
+"does happen occasionally). However, some free software licenses are based "
+"on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger range of possible "
+"restrictions. That means there are many possible ways such a license could "
+"be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based "
+"license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses "
+"cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think "
+"about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Use the right words when talking about free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+# | “give away” or “for [-free”,-] {+free,”+}
+# | because those terms imply that the issue is about price, not freedom.
+# | Some common terms such as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you
+# | won't endorse. See <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing
+# | Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these
+# | terms. We also have a list of {+proper+} <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations of [-\"free
+# | software\"</a>-] {+“free software”</a>+} into various
+# | languages.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like "
+#| "“give away” or “for free”, because those terms "
+#| "imply that the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such "
+#| "as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See "
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing Words and Phrases "
+#| "that are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have "
+#| "a list of <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations of "
+#| "\"free software\"</a> into various languages."
+msgid ""
+"When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like "
+"“give away” or “for free,” because those terms imply "
+"that the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as "
+"“piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing Words and Phrases that are "
+"Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of "
+"proper <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations of “"
+"free software”</a> into various languages."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika membicarakan perihal perangkat lunak bebas, sebaiknya jangan "
+"menggunakan istilah seperti âcuma-cuma,â âgratisan,â dan sejenisnya;
karena "
+"istilah tersebut mengacu pada harga, dan bukannya kebebasan. Kami harap, "
+"bahwa anda juga menghindari istilah seperti âpembajakan.â Lihat juga
daftar "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Istilah-istilah Membingungkan "
+"yang Sebaiknya Dihindari</a>. Kami juga memiliki daftar <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/fs-translations.html\">terjemahan âperangkat lunak bebasâ</a>
ke "
+"dalam beberapa bahasa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "How we interpret these criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+# | Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
+# | definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide
+# | whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license,
+# | we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their
+# | spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes unconscionable
+# | restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue in
+# | these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue that
+# | calls for extensive [-thought-] {+thought, including discussions with a
+# | lawyer,+} before we can decide if the requirement is [-acceptable,
+# | including discussions with a lawyer.-] {+acceptable.+} When we reach a
+# | [-conclusion,-] {+conclusion about a new issue,+} we [-sometimes-]
+# | {+often+} update these criteria to make it easier to see why certain
+# | licenses do or don't qualify.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software "
+#| "definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide "
+#| "whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license, "
+#| "we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their "
+#| "spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes "
+#| "unconscionable restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate "
+#| "the issue in these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an "
+#| "issue that calls for extensive thought before we can decide if the "
+#| "requirement is acceptable, including discussions with a lawyer. When we "
+#| "reach a conclusion, we sometimes update these criteria to make it easier "
+#| "to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify."
+msgid ""
+"Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software "
+"definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide "
+"whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license, we "
+"judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their spirit "
+"as well as the precise words. If a license includes unconscionable "
+"restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue in these "
+"criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue that calls for "
+"extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer, before we can decide "
+"if the requirement is acceptable. When we reach a conclusion about a new "
+"issue, we often update these criteria to make it easier to see why certain "
+"licenses do or don't qualify."
+msgstr ""
+"Akhir kata, perhatikan bahwa kriteria perangkat lunak bebas pada tulisan ini "
+"membutuhkan kehati-hatian dalam interpretasinya. Untuk menetapkan apakah "
+"sebuah program memiliki lisensi perangkat lunak bebas, kami menggunakan "
+"kriteria tersebut untuk menilai semangat secara umum â lalu menelaah secara
"
+"hati-hati â kata demi kata dari lisensi tersebut. Jika sebuah lisensi "
+"tersebut menetapkan pembatasan yang tidak wajar, kami tetap akan menolaknya, "
+"walau pun kami tidak memperhitungkan/ mengantisipasi kriteria tersebut "
+"sebelumnya. Terkadang sebuah lisensi mensyaratkan sesuatu yang memerlukan "
+"pemikiran yang dalam, termasuk diskusi dengan para pengacara. Ketika "
+"mencapai mufakat, terkadang kami mengubah kriteria perangkat lunak bebas ini "
+"untuk memudahkan penilaian kelayakan lisensi serupa berikutnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Get help with free licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free "
+"software license, see our <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">list of "
+"licenses</a>. If the license you are concerned with is not listed there, "
+"you can ask us about it by sending us email at <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Apabila anda tertarik pada untuk melihat apakah suatu lisensi tertentu layak "
+"disebut perangkat lunak bebas, silakan melihat <a href=\"/licenses/license-"
+"list.html\">daftar lisensi berikut ini</a>. Jika lisensi tersebut tidak "
+"terdaftar di sana, anda bisa bertanya kepada kami tentang apa yang anda "
+"butuhkan dengan menghubungi kami di <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free "
+"Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of "
+"different free software licenses means increased work for users in "
+"understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free "
+"software license that meets your needs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you "
+"can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid "
+"various practical problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Beyond Software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Software manuals must be free</a>, for "
+"the same reasons that software must be free, and because the manuals are in "
+"effect part of the software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of practical use "
+"— that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge, such as "
+"educational works and reference works. <a href=\"http://wikipedia.org";
+"\">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software "
+"has been extended to a definition of <a href=\"http://freedomdefined.org/\";> "
+"free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Open Source?"
+msgstr "<cite>Open Source?</cite>"
+
+# | Another group [-has started using-] {+uses+} the term [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> open source</a>-]
+# | {+“open source”+} to mean something close (but not identical)
+# | to “free software”. {+We prefer the term “free
+# | software” because, once you have heard that it refers to freedom
+# | rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The word “open”
+# | <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never refers to
+# | freedom</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another group has started using the term <a href=\"/philosophy/open-"
+#| "source-misses-the-point.html\"> open source</a> to mean something close "
+#| "(but not identical) to “free software”."
+msgid ""
+"Another group uses the term “open source” to mean something "
+"close (but not identical) to “free software”. We prefer the "
+"term “free software” because, once you have heard that it refers "
+"to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The word “"
+"open” <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never "
+"refers to freedom</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ada pihak yang memulai menggunakan istilah <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-"
+"misses-the-point.html\"><i>open source</i></a> untuk mengartikan sesuatu "
+"yang mirip (tapi tidak sama) dengan âperangkat lunak bebasâ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "History"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition. Here is the list "
+"of substantive changes, along with links to show exactly what was changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141\">Version 1.141</a>: Clarify which code "
+"needs to be free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135\">Version 1.135</a>: Say each time that "
+"freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program as you wish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134\">Version 1.134</a>: Freedom 0 is not a "
+"matter of the program's functionality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131\">Version 1.131</a>: A free license may "
+"not require compliance with a nonfree license of another program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129\">Version 1.129</a>: State explicitly "
+"that choice of law and choice of forum specifications are allowed. (This "
+"was always our policy.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122\">Version 1.122</a>: An export control "
+"requirement is a real problem if the requirement is nontrivial; otherwise it "
+"is only a potential problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118\">Version 1.118</a>: Clarification: the "
+"issue is limits on your right to modify, not on what modifications you have "
+"made. And modifications are not limited to “improvements”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111\">Version 1.111</a>: Clarify 1.77 by "
+"saying that only retroactive <em>restrictions</em> are unacceptable. The "
+"copyright holders can always grant additional <em>permission</em> for use of "
+"the work by releasing the work in another way in parallel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105\">Version 1.105</a>: Reflect, in the "
+"brief statement of freedom 1, the point (already stated in version 1.80) "
+"that it includes really using your modified version for your computing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92\">Version 1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated "
+"code does not qualify as source code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90\">Version 1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 "
+"means the right to distribute copies of your own modified or improved "
+"version, not a right to participate in someone else's development project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89\">Version 1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the "
+"right to release modified versions as free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80\">Version 1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be "
+"practical, not just theoretical; i.e., no tivoization."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77\">Version 1.77</a>: Clarify that all "
+"retroactive changes to the license are unacceptable, even if it's not "
+"described as a complete replacement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74\">Version 1.74</a>: Four clarifications of "
+"points not explicit enough, or stated in some places but not reflected "
+"everywhere:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"\"Improvements\" does not mean the license can substantively limit what "
+"kinds of modified versions you can release. Freedom 3 includes distributing "
+"modified versions, not just changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The right to merge in existing modules refers to those that are suitably "
+"licensed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid "Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid "Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57\">Version 1.57</a>: Add "Beyond "
+"Software" section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46\">Version 1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose "
+"is significant in the freedom to run the program for any purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41\">Version 1.41</a>: Clarify wording about "
+"contract-based licenses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40\">Version 1.40</a>: Explain that a free "
+"license must allow to you use other available free software to create your "
+"modifications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39\">Version 1.39</a>: Note that it is "
+"acceptable for a license to require you to provide source for versions of "
+"the software you put into public use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31\">Version 1.31</a>: Note that it is "
+"acceptable for a license to require you to identify yourself as the author "
+"of modifications. Other minor clarifications throughout the text."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23\">Version 1.23</a>: Address potential "
+"problems related to contract-based licenses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16\">Version 1.16</a>: Explain why "
+"distribution of binaries is important."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11\">Version 1.11</a>: Note that a free "
+"license may require you to send a copy of versions you distribute to "
+"previous developers on request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are gaps in the version numbers shown above because there are other "
+"changes in this page that do not affect the definition or its "
+"interpretations. For instance, the list does not include changes in asides, "
+"formatting, spelling, punctuation, or other parts of the page. You can "
+"review the complete list of changes to the page through the <a href=\"http://";
+"web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&"
+"view=log\">cvsweb interface</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2016 Free Software Foundation, "
+"Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be "
+#~ "true about a particular software program for it to be considered free "
+#~ "software."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kami mempertahankan definisi perangkat lunak bebas ini untuk menunjukkan "
+#~ "secara jelas perihal persyaratan sebuah program perangkat lunak disebut "
+#~ "perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "“Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To "
+#~ "understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in "
+#~ "“free speech,” not as in “free beer.”"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "âPerangkat Lunak Bebasâ ialah perihal kebebasan, bukan harga. Untuk "
+#~ "memahami konsep ini, silakan bayangkan tentang âkebebasan berbicaraâ,
dan "
+#~ "bukannya âbir gratis.â"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, "
+#~ "study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to "
+#~ "four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Perangkat Lunak Bebas mengacu pada kebebasan para penggunanya untuk "
+#~ "menjalankan, menggandakan, menyebarluaskan, mempelajari, mengubah dan "
+#~ "meningkatkan kinerja perangkat lunak. Tepatnya, mengacu pada empat jenis "
+#~ "kebebasan bagi para pengguna perangkat lunak:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The freedom to use a program means the freedom for any kind of person or "
+#~ "organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of "
+#~ "overall job, and without being required to communicate subsequently with "
+#~ "the developer or any other specific entity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kebebasan untuk menggunakan sebuah program berarti kebebasan bagi siapa "
+#~ "pun -- baik perorangan atau pun organisasi -- untuk menggunakan pada "
+#~ "komputer jenis apa pun, untuk kegiatan apa pun, tanpa perlu memberitahu "
+#~ "para pengembang atau pun pihak-pihak lainnya secara khusus."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Thus, you may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may "
+#~ "have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your "
+#~ "copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even "
+#~ "to <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">sell copies</a>."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Jadi, anda mungkin harus membayar untuk mendapatkan perangkat lunak GNU, "
+#~ "atau mungkin juga anda mendapatkannya secara cuma-cuma. Terlepas dari "
+#~ "cara mendapatkan perangkat lunak tersebut, anda akan selalu bebas untuk "
+#~ "menyalin dan mengubah perangkat lunak tersebut, atau pun <a href=\"/"
+#~ "philosophy/selling.html\">untuk menjualnya</a>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they "
+#~ "don't effectively block your freedom to release modified versions. Rules "
+#~ "that “if you make the program available in this way, you must make "
+#~ "it available in that way also” can be acceptable too, on the same "
+#~ "condition. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether "
+#~ "to publish the program or not.) It is also acceptable for the license to "
+#~ "require that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous "
+#~ "developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Aturan perihal cara mengemas perangkat lunak bebas hasil modifikasi pun "
+#~ "dapat diterima, jika tidak secara efektif menghalangi kebebasan anda "
+#~ "untuk mempublikasikan ulang modifikasinya. Demikian pula aturan, âJika "
+#~ "anda membuat program tersedia dalam cara tertentu, maka anda juga harus "
+#~ "membuatnya tersedia dalam cara tertentu lainnya,â juga dapat diterima "
+#~ "dengan ketentuan yang sama (Perhatikan bahwa aturan tersebut masih "
+#~ "memberikan anda pilihan untuk menentukan apakah program itu akan "
+#~ "dipublikasikan atau tidak)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "In the GNU project, we use <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\"> “"
+#~ "copyleft”</a> to protect these freedoms legally for everyone. But "
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> non-"
+#~ "copylefted free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important "
+#~ "reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\"> it is better to use "
+#~ "copyleft</a>, but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we can "
+#~ "still use it."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Dalam proyek GNU, kami menggunakan <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
+#~ "\">â<i>copyleft</i>â</a> untuk melindungi untuk semuanya, kebebasan "
+#~ "tersebut di atas secara hukum. Namun, terdapat juga <a href=\"/"
+#~ "philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> perangkat lunak "
+#~ "bebas yang <i>tidak copyleft</i></a>. Kami memiliki alasan kuat mengapa "
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">lebih baik menggunakan "
+#~ "<i>copyleft</i></a>, namun kami akan tetap memanfaatkan program anda yang "
+#~ "tidak <i>copyleft</i>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "See <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free Software "
+#~ "(18k characters)</a> for a description of how “free software,"
+#~ "” “copylefted software” and other categories of "
+#~ "software relate to each other."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Lihat juga <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">kategori dari "
+#~ "perangkat lunak bebas (18k huruf)</a> yang menjelaskan keterkaitan antara "
+#~ "âperangkat lunak bebas,â âperangkat lunak copyleftâ serta kategori
"
+#~ "perangkat lunak lainnya."
Index: philosophy/po/gnutella.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/gnutella.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/gnutella.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/gnutella.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/gnutella.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/gnutella.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-18 06:59+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2004-02-28 18:06+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Regarding Gnutella - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Perihal Gnutella - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Regarding Gnutella"
+msgstr "Perihal Gnutella"
+
+# | “Gnutella” [-is not actually <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\"> GNU software </a>, and
+# | we cannot be sure it is actually <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free
+# | software</a>. In fact, it is extremely difficult to find information
+# | about the program-] {+is,+} at [-all. Perhaps the original developers
+# | picked-] {+present,+} the name [-because they wanted it-] {+for a protocol
+# | for distributed file sharing, mostly used for music files. The name also
+# | sometimes refers+} to [-be GNU software someday, but their employers
+# | stamped out-] the [-project, and it does not seem to have been released-]
+# | {+network itself, as well+} as [-free-] {+the original Gnutella+}
+# | software. {+The situation is quite confusing. For more on Gnutella's
+# | origin and history, please refer to the <a
+# | href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnutella\";>Wikipedia article</a> on
+# | the subject.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Gnutella” is not actually <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+#| "html#GNUsoftware\"> GNU software </a>, and we cannot be sure it is "
+#| "actually <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>. In "
+#| "fact, it is extremely difficult to find information about the program at "
+#| "all. Perhaps the original developers picked the name because they wanted "
+#| "it to be GNU software someday, but their employers stamped out the "
+#| "project, and it does not seem to have been released as free software."
+msgid ""
+"“Gnutella” is, at present, the name for a protocol for "
+"distributed file sharing, mostly used for music files. The name also "
+"sometimes refers to the network itself, as well as the original Gnutella "
+"software. The situation is quite confusing. For more on Gnutella's origin "
+"and history, please refer to the <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/";
+"Gnutella\">Wikipedia article</a> on the subject."
+msgstr ""
+"âGnutellaâ sesungguhnya bukanlah <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#GNUsoftware\">perangkat lunak GNU</a>, dan kami tidak dapat memastikan "
+"apakah sepenuhnya merupakan <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">perangkat "
+"lunak bebas</a>. Lebih tepat lagi, sangatlah sulit untuk mendapatkan "
+"informasi mengenai program tersebut sama sekali. Mungkin pengembang awal "
+"âGnutellaâ memilih nama tersebut karena mereka menginginkan suatu saat
akan "
+"menjadi perangkat lunak GNU, namun manajer proyek berpikiran lain, dan "
+"sepertinya âGnutellaâ tidak menjadi perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In any case, the name was originally a word play on “GNU” (the "
+"original developers planned to release their code under the GNU GPL, and may "
+"have had in mind contributing it to the GNU project) and “"
+"Nutella” (a candy bar that the original developers enjoyed). However, "
+"neither the original software nor any of the related current projects are <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">official GNU packages</a>. "
+"We have asked that the Gnutella developers change the name to avoid "
+"confusion; perhaps that will happen in the future."
+msgstr ""
+
+# | There are a number of free software programs [-under development-] that
+# | [-are designed to use-] {+implement+} the [-same protocol as Gnutella,-]
+# | {+Gnutella protocol,+} such as <a
+# | href=\"http://gtk-gnutella.sourceforge.net/en/\";>Gtk-Gnutella</a>, <a
+# | href=\"http://mutella.sourceforge.net/\";>Mutella</a>, and <a
+# | href=\"http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnucleus/\";>Gnucleus</a>. Please
+# | note, however, that none of these programs are officially <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">GNU software</a> either.
+# | {+GNU has its own peer-to-peer networking program, <a
+# | href=\"/software/gnunet/\">GNUnet</a>, whose documentation includes a <a
+# | href=\"https://gnunet.org/compare\";>comparison of the protocols</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are a number of free software programs under development that are "
+#| "designed to use the same protocol as Gnutella, such as <a href=\"http://";
+#| "gtk-gnutella.sourceforge.net/en/\">Gtk-Gnutella</a>, <a href=\"http://";
+#| "mutella.sourceforge.net/\">Mutella</a>, and <a href=\"http://sourceforge.";
+#| "net/projects/gnucleus/\">Gnucleus</a>. Please note, however, that none "
+#| "of these programs are officially <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+#| "html#GNUsoftware\">GNU software</a> either."
+msgid ""
+"There are a number of free software programs that implement the Gnutella "
+"protocol, such as <a href=\"http://gtk-gnutella.sourceforge.net/en/\";>Gtk-"
+"Gnutella</a>, <a href=\"http://mutella.sourceforge.net/\";>Mutella</a>, and "
+"<a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnucleus/\";>Gnucleus</a>. Please "
+"note, however, that none of these programs are officially <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">GNU software</a> either. GNU has "
+"its own peer-to-peer networking program, <a href=\"/software/gnunet/"
+"\">GNUnet</a>, whose documentation includes a <a href=\"https://gnunet.org/";
+"compare\">comparison of the protocols</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Terdapat sejumlah program perangkat lunak bebas (dalam tahap pengembangan) "
+"yang dirancang untuk menggunakan protokol serupa Gnutella, seperti <a href="
+"\"http://gtk-gnutella.sourceforge.net/en/\";>Gtk-Gnutella</a>, <a href="
+"\"http://mutella.sourceforge.net/\";>Mutella</a>, dan <a href=\"http://";
+"sourceforge.net/projects/gnucleus/\">Gnucleus</a>. Namun, tidak satu pun "
+"dari program tesebut yang merupakan <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#GNUsoftware\">perangkat lunak GNU</a> yang resmi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation is concerned with the freedom to copy and "
+"change software; music is outside our scope. But there is a partial "
+"similarity in the ethical issues of copying software and copying recordings "
+"of music. Some articles in the <a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html#Laws"
+"\">philosophy</a> directory relate to the issue of copying for things other "
+"than software. Some of the <a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html"
+"\">other people's articles</a> we have links to are also relevant."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Free Software Foundation</em> (FSF, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas) "
+"memiliki kepedulian dalam masalah kebebasan untuk menyalin dan mengubah "
+"perangkat lunak; dan tidak termasuk musik. Namun terdapat sebagian kesamaan "
+"mengenai masalah etika dalam menyalin perangkat lunak dan menyalin rekaman "
+"musik. Beberapa artikel di direktori <a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy."
+"html#Laws\">filosofi</a> berhubungan dengan masalah menyalin sesuatu selain "
+"perangkat lunak. Terdapat beberapa <a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas."
+"html\">artikel pihak lain</a> yang juga relevan dengan masalah di atas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"No matter what sort of published information is being shared, we urge people "
+"to reject the assumption that some person or company has a natural right to "
+"prohibit sharing and dictate exactly how the public can use it. Even the US "
+"legal system nominally <a href=\"/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html"
+"\">rejects</a> that anti-social idea."
+msgstr ""
+"Tidak mempermasalahkan jenis informasi yang digunakan bersama, kita mengajak "
+"masyarakat untuk menolak anggapan bahwa seseorang atau perusahaan memiliki "
+"hak untuk melarang penggunaan bersama dan mengatur sepenuhnya bagaimana "
+"publik dapat menggunakannya. Bahkan sistem hukum Amerika Serikat dengan "
+"jelas <a href=\"/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html\">menolak</a> "
+"gagasan yang anti-sosial tersebut."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2007, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "“Gnutella” is not actually <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+#~ "html#GNUsoftware\"> GNU software </a>, and we cannot be sure it is "
+#~ "actually <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>. In "
+#~ "fact, it is extremely difficult to find information about the program at "
+#~ "all. Perhaps the original developers picked the name because they wanted "
+#~ "it to be GNU software someday, but their employers stamped out the "
+#~ "project, and it does not seem to have been released as free software."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "âGnutellaâ sesungguhnya bukanlah <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+#~ "html#GNUsoftware\">perangkat lunak GNU</a>, dan kami tidak dapat "
+#~ "memastikan apakah sepenuhnya merupakan <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+#~ "\">perangkat lunak bebas</a>. Lebih tepat lagi, sangatlah sulit untuk "
+#~ "mendapatkan informasi mengenai program tersebut sama sekali. Mungkin "
+#~ "pengembang awal âGnutellaâ memilih nama tersebut karena mereka "
+#~ "menginginkan suatu saat akan menjadi perangkat lunak GNU, namun manajer "
+#~ "proyek berpikiran lain, dan sepertinya âGnutellaâ tidak menjadi
perangkat "
+#~ "lunak bebas."
Index: philosophy/po/netscape-npl.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/netscape-npl.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/netscape-npl.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/netscape-npl.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+# Indonedian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/netscape-npl.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2002.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/netscape-npl.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-12-05 22:18+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2004-12-03 00:19+00100\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Netscape Public License - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Lisensi Umum Netscape - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "On the Netscape Public License"
+msgstr "Lisensi Umum Netscape"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"oleh <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"(The <a href=\"/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html\"> original version</a> of "
+"this article was written in March 1998 about a draft of the NPL. Our first "
+"article on the subject was <a href=\"/philosophy/netscape.html\">Netscape is "
+"considering making the Netscape browser free software</a>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"(<a href=\"/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html\">Versi asli</a> dari artikel "
+"berikut ditulis pada Maret 1998 tentang sebuah draft dari NPL. Artikel "
+"pertama kami pada subyek tersebut adalah â<a
href=\"/philosophy/netscape.html"
+"\">Netscape sedang mempertimbangkan untuk menjadikan Netscape sebagai "
+"<em>browser</em> bebas</a>â.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Netscape Public License, or NPL, as it was ultimately designed in 1998, "
+"is a free software license—but it has three major flaws. One flaw "
+"sends a bad philosophical message, another puts the free software community "
+"in a weak position, while the third creates a major practical problem within "
+"the free software community. Two of the flaws apply to the Mozilla Public "
+"License as well. Because of these flaws, we urge that you not use the NPL "
+"or the MPL for your free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Lisensi Umum Netscape, atau dalam bahasa inggris disebut NPL, seperti yang "
+"telah dirancang pada tahun 1998, adalah lisensi perangkat lunak bebasânamun
"
+"ia memiliki tiga kelemahan utama. Pertama, kesalahan membuahkan sebuah pesan "
+"filosofis yang merugikan, kelemahan kedua mengakibatkan komunitas perangkat "
+"lunak bebas berada dalam posisi yang lemah, serta kelemahan ketiga "
+"mengakibatkan masalah praktikal yang besar dalam komunitas perangkat lunak "
+"bebas. Dua dari kesalahan juga terdapat dalam lisensi umum Mozilla. Karena "
+"kelemahan - kelemahan tersebut, kami menganjurkan Anda untuk tidak "
+"menggunakan NPL atau MPL untuk perangkat lunak bebas anda."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "1. Not all users are equal"
+msgstr "1. Tidak semua pengguna adalah sama"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The first problem I noticed in the NPL was that it does not give Netscape "
+"and the rest of us equal rights, as the GNU GPL does. Under the NPL, we can "
+"use Netscape's code only as specified in the NPL, but Netscape can use our "
+"changes in any way at all—even in proprietary licensed versions of the "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah pertama yang kami temukan pada NPL adalah ia tidak memberikan "
+"Netscape dan yang lainnya hak yang sama seperti yang telah diberikan GPL. "
+"Dalam NPL, kita dapat menggunakan kode program Netscape hanya seperti yang "
+"telah ditetapkan NPL, namun Netscape dapat menggunakan perubahan yang kita "
+"buat kapan sajaâmeskipun dalam versi yang sebenarnya dari perangkat lunak "
+"tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The problem here is subtle, because this does not make the program nonfree. "
+"It does not stop us from redistributing the program, or from changing it; it "
+"does not deny us any particular freedom. Considered from a purely pragmatic "
+"viewpoint, it may not look like a problem at all."
+msgstr ""
+"Problem yang terjadi disini sangat rumit, karena ini tidak membuat program "
+"terebut âtidak bebasâ, ia juga tidak mengalangi kebebasan kita.
Berdasarkan "
+"pandangan murni secara pragmatis, ia tampak seperti bukan masalah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The problem lies in the deeper message embodied in this condition. It "
+"denies the idea of cooperation among equals that our community rests on, and "
+"says that working on a free program means contributing to a proprietary "
+"software product. Those who accept this condition are likely to be changed "
+"by it, and the change will not strengthen our community."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalahnya terletak pada pesan yang lebih dalam terdapat pada kondisi ini. "
+"Ia menyangkal ide dari kerjasama yang seimbang yang berlaku pada komunitas "
+"kita, dan mengatakan bahwa bekerja pada sebuah program bebas berarti "
+"memberikan kontribusi pada produk perangkat lunak yang sebenarnya. Mereka "
+"yang menerima kondisi tersebut memiliki kemungkinan diubah olehnya, dan "
+"perubahan tersebut tidak memperkuat komunitas kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One proposed solution for this asymmetry is to put a time limit on it—"
+"perhaps three or five years. That would be a big improvement, because the "
+"time limit would deny the problematical deeper message."
+msgstr ""
+"Satu solusi yang ditawarkan untuk ketidaksimetrisan adalah untuk menetapkan "
+"batas waktu padanyaâmungkin tiga atau lima tahun. Itu mungkin sebuah "
+"peningkatan yang besar, karena batas waktu tersebut akan meniadakan masalah "
+"pesan yang lebih dalam."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The practical effects of this condition are minimized by another drawback of "
+"the NPL: it is not designed as a thorough copyleft. In other words, it does "
+"not try very hard to ensure that modifications made by users are available "
+"as free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Efek praktis dari kondisi tesebut diminimalisasi oleh kelemahan dari NPL: "
+"ini tidak di rancang secermat <em>copyleft</em>. Dengan kata lain, ini tidak "
+"berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk memastikan bahwa perubahan dilakukan oleh "
+"pengguna adalah sebagai perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The MPL (Mozilla Public License) does <em>not</em> have this problem. That "
+"is the principal difference between the MPL and the NPL."
+msgstr ""
+"MPL (Lisensi Umum Mozila) <em>tidak</em> memiliki masalah tersebut. Itu "
+"adalah perbedaan secara prinsip dari MPL dan NPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "2. Not a copyleft"
+msgstr "2. Bukan sebuah <em>copyleft</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The NPL has the form of a copyleft; it explicitly says that all "
+"modifications made by users must be released under the NPL. But this "
+"applies only to modifications to the existing code—not to added "
+"subroutines, if they are put in separate files. As a practical matter, this "
+"means it is easy to make proprietary changes if you want to: just put the "
+"bulk of your code into a separate file, and call the collection a Larger "
+"Work. Only the subroutine calls added to the old files will have to be "
+"released under the NPL, and they will not be very useful on their own."
+msgstr ""
+"NPL mempunyai bentuk dari sebuah <em>copyleft</em>; ia secara eksplisit "
+"mengatakan bahwa semua perubahan dibuat oleh pengguna harus dikeluarkan "
+"berdasarkan NPL. Namun ini hanya berlaku pada perubahan terhadap kode "
+"program yang adaâbukan menambahkan subrutin, jika mereka didalam berkas
yang "
+"terpisah. Dalam masalah praktisnya, ia berarti adalah mudah untuk membuat "
+"perubahan yang diinginkan: cukup dengan menempatkan kode program dalam "
+"berkas yang terpisah, dan memanggil koleksi dari pekerjaan yang lebih besar. "
+"Hanya pemanggilan subrutin yang ditambahkan pada berkas-berkas lama akan "
+"diterbitkan dibawah NPL, dan mereka tidak terlalu berguna."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The lack of real copyleft is not a catastrophe; it does not make the
+# | software nonfree. For example, the X.org distribution terms do not try to
+# | use copyleft at all, yet X.org is free software nonetheless. BSD is also
+# | non-copylefted free software (although the {+older+} BSD terms have a <a
+# | href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">serious drawback</a> and should not be
+# | imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free software, please
+# | use the X.org terms instead). NPL-covered software is also <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">free software</a> without being
+# | copylefted, and this by itself does not make the NPL worse than other
+# | non-copyleft free software license.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The lack of real copyleft is not a catastrophe; it does not make the "
+#| "software nonfree. For example, the X.org distribution terms do not try "
+#| "to use copyleft at all, yet X.org is free software nonetheless. BSD is "
+#| "also non-copylefted free software (although the BSD terms have a <a href="
+#| "\"/licenses/bsd.html\">serious drawback</a> and should not be "
+#| "imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free software, "
+#| "please use the X.org terms instead). NPL-covered software is also <a "
+#| "href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">free software</a> without being "
+#| "copylefted, and this by itself does not make the NPL worse than other non-"
+#| "copyleft free software license."
+msgid ""
+"The lack of real copyleft is not a catastrophe; it does not make the "
+"software nonfree. For example, the X.org distribution terms do not try to "
+"use copyleft at all, yet X.org is free software nonetheless. BSD is also "
+"non-copylefted free software (although the older BSD terms have a <a href=\"/"
+"licenses/bsd.html\">serious drawback</a> and should not be imitated—if "
+"you want to release non-copylefted free software, please use the X.org terms "
+"instead). NPL-covered software is also <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html"
+"\">free software</a> without being copylefted, and this by itself does not "
+"make the NPL worse than other non-copyleft free software license."
+msgstr ""
+"Kurangnya unsur <em>copyleft</em> sebenarnya, bukanlah sebuah bencana; ia "
+"tidak membuat perangkat lunak tidak bebas. Sebagai contoh distribusi X.org "
+"tidak menggunakan <em>copyleft</em> sama sekali, namun X.org adalah tetap "
+"merupakan perangkat lunak bebas. BSD juga merupakan bukan perangkat lunak "
+"yang <em>copyleft</em> (meskipun kata BSD mempunyai sebuah <a href=\"/"
+"licenses/bsd.html\">kerugian yang cukup serius</a> dan sebaiknya tidak ditiru"
+"âjika anda ingin mengeluarkan perangkat lunak yang bukan <em>copyleft</em>,
"
+"harap gunakan kata X.org). Perangkat lunak NPL adalah juga merupakan <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/categories.html\">perangkat lunak bebas</a> tanpa menjadi "
+"<em>copyleft</em>, dan ini dengan sendirinya tidak membuat NPL lebih buruk "
+"daripada lisensi perangkat lunak bebas bukan <em>copyleft</em> lainnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, while this is not catastrophic, it is nonetheless a drawback. And "
+"because the NPL looks like a copyleft, some users may be confused about it, "
+"and might adopt the NPL, thinking that they are obtaining the benefits of "
+"copyleft for their software, when that is not the case. To avoid this "
+"outcome, we will need to work hard to educate people about an issue that is "
+"not easy to explain in a few words."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, meskipun buka sebuah bencana, ini merupakan kerugian. Dan karena NPL "
+"seperti copyleft, beberapa pengguna dapat bingung mengenainya, dan mungkin "
+"mengadopsi NPL dengan berpikiran bahwa mereka mendapatkan keuntungan dari "
+"perangkat lunak bebas untuk perangkat lunak mereka, dimana sebenarnya itu "
+"bukanlah hal yang terjadi. Untuk menghindari hasil akhir seperti ini, kita "
+"perlu bekerja keras untuk mendidik masyarakat tentang sebuah isu yang tidak "
+"dapat dijelaskan dengan mudah dalam hanya beberapa kata."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "3. Not compatible with the GPL"
+msgstr "3. Tidak sesuai dengan GPL"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The most serious practical problem in the NPL is that it is incompatible "
+"with the GNU GPL. It is impossible to combine NPL-covered code and GNU GPL-"
+"covered code together in one program, not even by linking separate object "
+"files or libraries; no matter how this is done, it has to violate one "
+"license or the other."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah praktikal yang paling serius dalam NPL adalah ketidaksesuaiannya "
+"dengan GNU GPL. Adalah tidak mungkin untuk menggabungkan code program NPL "
+"dan GNU kedalam satu program, bahkan juga dengan menghubungkan objek berkas "
+"terpisah atau libraries, tidak peduli bagaimana ini diselesaikan, ia pasti "
+"melanggar satu lisensi atau yang lainnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This conflict occurs because the GPL is serious about copyleft: it was "
+"designed to ensure that all changes and extensions to a free program must be "
+"free. So it does not leave a loophole for making changes proprietary by "
+"putting them into a separate file. To close this loophole, the GPL does not "
+"allow linking the copylefted program with code that has other restrictions "
+"or conditions—such as the NPL."
+msgstr ""
+"Konflik ini terjadi karena GPL serius mengenai <em>copyleft</em>: ia "
+"dirancang untuk memastikan bahwa semua perubahan dan ekstensi ke sebuah "
+"program bebas harus bebas. Sehingga ia tidak meninggalkan sebuah lubang "
+"untuk membuat perubahan menempatkan mereka dalam berkas yang berbeda. Untuk "
+"menutup celah ini, GPL tidak memperbolehkan menghubungkan program copyleft "
+"dengan kode yang mempunyai larangan atau kondisiâseperti NPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Being incompatible with the GPL does not make a program nonfree; it does not "
+"raise a fundamental ethical issue. But it is likely to create a serious "
+"problem for the free software community, dividing the code base into two "
+"collections that cannot be mixed. As a practical matter, this problem is "
+"very important."
+msgstr ""
+"Menjadi tidak sesuai dengan GPL tidak membuat sebuah program âtidak
bebasâ, "
+"ia tidak mengemukakan sebuah isu etis yang fundamental. Namun ia cenderung "
+"untuk menciptakan sebuah masalah serius untuk komunitas perangakat lunak "
+"bebas, membagi kode program menjadi dua koleksi yang tidak dapat dicampur. "
+"Problem ini sangat penting dala masalah praktikalnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Solving this by changing the GPL is possible, but that would entail "
+"abandoning copyleft—which would do more harm than good. But it is "
+"possible to solve this problem with a small change in the NPL. (See below "
+"for a specific way of doing this.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Menyelesaikan ini dengan mengubah GPL nya adalah mungkin, namun ini dapat "
+"melibatkan menelantarkan copyleftâyang dapat lebih merugikan. Namun adalah "
+"mungkin untuk menyelesaika masalah ini dengan sebuah perubahan kecil dalam "
+"NPL (perhatikan berikut ini untuk cara melakukannya)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "4. A note about names"
+msgstr "4. Sebuah catatan tentang nama"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"NPL stands for Netscape Public License, but GPL does not stand for GNU "
+"Public License. The full name of our license is the GNU General Public "
+"License, abbreviated GNU GPL. Sometimes people leave out the word “"
+"GNU” and write just GPL."
+msgstr ""
+"NPL singkatan dari Lisensi Publik Netscape, namun GPL bukanlah singkatan "
+"dari Lisensi Publik GNU. Nama lengkap dari lisensi kami adalah Lisensi "
+"Publik Umum GNU, kepanjangan dari GNU GPL. Terkadang masyarakat melupakan "
+"untuk menulis kata âGNUâ dan menulis hanya GPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "(This is not a problem, just a fact that you should know.)"
+msgstr ""
+"(Ini bukanlah sebuah masalah, hanya sebuah fakta yang perlu anda ketahui.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "Kesimpulan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since problem 3 is the most serious, I hope that people will politely and "
+"rationally explain to Netscape the importance of solving it. Solutions are "
+"available; they just have to decide to use them."
+msgstr ""
+"Karena masalah 3 adalah yang paling serius, saya harap masyarakat akan "
+"dengan sopan dan rasional menjelaskan kepada Netscape pentingnya memecahkan "
+"masalah tersebut. Solusi tersedia, mereka hanya perlu memutuskan untuk "
+"menggunakannya"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Here is a possible way to permit linking NPL-covered code and GPL-covered "
+"code together. It can be done by adding these two paragraphs to the NPL:"
+msgstr ""
+"Berikut adalah sebuah cara yang mungkin untuk menghubungkan kode program NPL "
+"dan GPL bersamaan. Ini dapat dilaksanakan dengan menambahkan dua paragraf "
+"dibawah ini kedalam NPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"A.1. You may distribute a Covered Work under the terms of the GNU\n"
+" General Public License, version 2 or newer, as published by the\n"
+" Free Software Foundation, when it is included in a Larger Work\n"
+" which is as a whole distributed under the terms of the same\n"
+" version of the GNU General Public License.\n"
+"\n"
+"A.2. If you have received a copy of a Larger Work under the terms of a\n"
+" version or a choice of versions of the GNU General Public\n"
+" License, and you make modifications to some NPL-covered portions\n"
+" of this Larger Work, you have the option of altering these\n"
+" portions to say that their distribution terms are that version or\n"
+" that choice of versions of GNU General Public License.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"A.1. You may distribute a Covered Work under the terms of the GNU\n"
+" General Public License, version 2 or newer, as published by the\n"
+" Free Software Foundation, when it is included in a Larger Work\n"
+" which is as a whole distributed under the terms of the same\n"
+" version of the GNU General Public License.\n"
+"\n"
+"A.2. If you have received a copy of a Larger Work under the terms of a\n"
+" version or a choice of versions of the GNU General Public\n"
+" License, and you make modifications to some NPL-covered portions\n"
+" of this Larger Work, you have the option of altering these\n"
+" portions to say that their distribution terms are that version or\n"
+" that choice of versions of GNU General Public License.\n"
+"\n"
+"Terjemahan:\n"
+"\n"
+"A.1. Anda dapat mendistribusikan sebuah <cite>Covered Work</cite> dibawah
ketentuan\n"
+" <cite>GNU General Public License</cite>, versi dua atau terbaru, seperti
yang telah\n"
+" dikeluarkan oleh <cite>Free Software Foundation</cite>, ketika
dilibatkan\n"
+" dalam sebuah <cite>Larger Work</cite> dimana sebagai sebuah
keseluruhan\n"
+" didistribusikan dibawah ketentuan yang sama versi dengan <cite>GNU\n"
+" General Public License</cite>.\n"
+"\n"
+"A.2. Jika Anda menerima sebuah salinan dari sebuah <cite>Larger Work</cite>
dibawah\n"
+" ketentuan dari sebuah versi atau pilihan dari versi dari GNU Lisensi\n"
+" Publik Umum, dan Anda membuat perubahan ke dalam porsi NPL dari\n"
+" <cite>Larger Work</cite> berikut, anda memiliki pilihan untuk mengubah
porsi\n"
+" tersebut dengan mengatakan bahwa distribusi mereka dibawah ketentuan\n"
+" versi tersebut atau versi pilihan dari <cite>GNU General Public
License</cite>.\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This allows people to combine NPL-covered code with GPL-covered code, and to "
+"distribute the combined work under the terms of the GNU GPL."
+msgstr ""
+"Ini memungkinkan masyarakat untuk menggabungkan kode NPL dengan GPK, dan "
+"untuk mendistribusikan pekerjaan gabungan dalam ketentuan dari GNU GPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It permits people to release modifications to such combined works under the "
+"terms of the GNU GPL—but the easiest way to release them is under the "
+"NPL."
+msgstr ""
+"Ia memperbolehkan orang untuk mengeluarkan perubahan terhadap pekerjaan "
+"gabungan tersebut dibawah ketentuan dari GNU GPL- namun cara termudah "
+"mengeluarkan mereka adalah dibawah NPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When people take advantage of A.2, their changes will be released only under "
+"the terms of the GNU GPL; so these changes would not be available for "
+"Netscape to use in proprietary versions. It makes sense that Netscape would "
+"see this as unfortunate."
+msgstr ""
+"Ketika orang mengambil keuntungan dari A.2., perubahan mereka akan "
+"diterbitkan hanya dibawah ketentuan dari GNU GPL, sehingga perubahan-"
+"perubahan ini mungkin tidak memungkinkan Netscape untuk menggunakannya dalam "
+"versi sebenarnya. Ini masuk akal dimana Netscape melihatnya sebagai kerugian."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, the NPL gives proprietary software developers an easy way to make "
+"their changes entirely unavailable to Netscape—by putting their code "
+"into separate files and calling the combination a Larger Work. In fact, "
+"this is easier, for them, than A.2 is for GPL users."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun, NPL memberikan pengembang perangkat lunak sebuah jalan mudah unuk "
+"membuat perubahan mereka seluruhnya tidak tersedia dalam Netscapeâdengan "
+"menempatkan kode mereka dalam berkas terpisah dan memanggil sebuah "
+"<cite>Larger Work</cite>. Sebenarnya, lebih mudah bagi mereka daripada A.2. "
+"untuk pengguna GPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If Netscape feels it can live with the trouble of (effectively) proprietary "
+"modifications, surely the trouble of GPL-covered modifications is a small by "
+"comparison. If Netscape believes that practical considerations will "
+"encourage most of the proprietary software world to release its changes back "
+"to Netscape, without being compelled to, the same reasons ought to apply in "
+"the free software world as well. Netscape should recognize that this change "
+"is acceptable, and adopt it, to avoid confronting free software developers "
+"with a serious dilemma."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika Netscape merasa dapat mengabaikan masalah (secara efektif) dari "
+"perubahan-perubaham, maka masalah dari perubahan GPL adalah kecil untuk "
+"dibandingkan. Jika Netscape percaya bahwa konsiderasi praktis akan "
+"memberanikan sebagian besar dari perangkat lunak untuk menerbitkan "
+"perubahannya kembali ke Netscape, tanpa dipaksakan, alasan sama juga berlaku "
+"dalam dunia perangkat lunak bebas. Netscape sebaiknya mengenali bahwa "
+"perubahan ini dapat diterima, dan mengadopsinya, untuk menghindari "
+"mempertentangkan perancang perangkat lunak bebas dengan sebuah dilema yang "
+"serius."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 2003, 2007, 2013, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: philosophy/po/pragmatic.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/pragmatic.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/pragmatic.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/pragmatic.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html
+# Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2002.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/pragmatic.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-31 06:29+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-08-26 22:03+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism"
+msgstr "Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"oleh <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and goals.
+# | People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit, love,
+# | survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a good person
+# | might have. When the goal is [-to help others as well as oneself,-] {+a
+# | matter of principle,+} we call that idealism.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and goals. "
+#| "People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit, love, "
+#| "survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a good person "
+#| "might have. When the goal is to help others as well as oneself, we call "
+#| "that idealism."
+msgid ""
+"Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and goals. "
+"People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit, love, "
+"survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a good person "
+"might have. When the goal is a matter of principle, we call that idealism."
+msgstr ""
+"Setiap keputusan yang dibuat seseorang berakar dari nilai-nilai dan tujuan-"
+"tujuan yang dimilikinya. Orang-orang bisa memiliki banyak perbedaan tujuan "
+"dan nilai; popularitas, keuntungan, cinta, keselamatan, kesenangan dan "
+"kebebasan, adalah beberapa tujuan yang mungkin dimiliki oleh seseorang yang "
+"baik. Ketika tujuan tersebut adalah membantu orang lain, kita mengatakan itu "
+"adalah idealisme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"My work on free software is motivated by an idealistic goal: spreading "
+"freedom and cooperation. I want to <a href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+"\">encourage free software to spread</a>, replacing proprietary software "
+"that forbids cooperation, and thus make our society better."
+msgstr ""
+"Pekerjaan saya dalam bidang perangkat lunak bebas dimotivasi oleh tujuan "
+"yang idealistik; menyebarkan kebebasan dan kerjasama. Saya ingin <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-copyleft.html\">memberikan semangat kepada perangkat lunak "
+"bebas untuk menyebar</a>, menggantikan kelayakan perangkat lunak yang "
+"melarang kerjasama, dan akan membuat masyarakat kita lebih baik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written the "
+"way it is—as a <a href=\"/copyleft\"> copyleft</a>. All code added to "
+"a GPL-covered program must be free software, even if it is put in a separate "
+"file. I make my code available for use in free software, and not for use in "
+"proprietary software, in order to encourage other people who write software "
+"to make it free as well. I figure that since proprietary software "
+"developers use copyright to stop us from sharing, we cooperators can use "
+"copyright to give other cooperators an advantage of their own: they can use "
+"our code."
+msgstr ""
+"Itulah alasan dasar mengapa GNU General Public License ditulis seperti "
+"itu—sebagai <a href=\"/copyleft\"> copyleft</a>. Semua kode yang "
+"ditambahkan kepada sebuah GPL—program yang dicakupi harus berupa "
+"perangkat lunak bebas, walapun diletakkan pada file yang terpisah. Saya "
+"membuat kode program saya tersedia untuk digunakan dalam perangkat lunak "
+"bebas, dan tidak untuk digunakan pada kelayakan perangkat lunak, untuk "
+"memberi semangat kepada pembuat perangkat lunak untuk membuatnya bebas pula. "
+"Saya membayangkan kelayakan perangkat lunak menggunakan hak cipta untuk "
+"menghentikan kita berbagi, kita pekerjasama bisa menggunakan hak cipta untuk "
+"memberikan pekerjasama yang lain keuntungan bagi diri mereka sendiri; mereka "
+"bisa menggunakan kode program kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not everyone who uses the GNU GPL has this goal. Many years ago, a friend "
+"of mine was asked to rerelease a copylefted program under noncopyleft terms, "
+"and he responded more or less like this:"
+msgstr ""
+"Tidak semua orang yang menggunakan GNU GPL memiliki tujuan ini. Tahun-tahun "
+"sebelumnya, seorang teman saya diminta untuk merilis sebuah copyleft "
+"programnya menjadi dibawah syarat-syarat non-copyleft program. Ia memberikan "
+"respon kurang lebih sebagai berikut:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"“Sometimes I work on free software, and sometimes I work on "
+"proprietary software—but when I work on proprietary software, I expect "
+"to get <em>paid</em>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"“Kadang-kadang saya bekerja pada perangkat lunak bebas, dan terkadang "
+"saya bekerja pada kelayakan perangkat lunak—tapi ketika saya membuat "
+"kelayakan perangkat lunak saya berharap untuk <em>dibayar</em>.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"He was willing to share his work with a community that shares software, but "
+"saw no reason to give a handout to a business making products that would be "
+"off-limits to our community. His goal was different from mine, but he "
+"decided that the GNU GPL was useful for his goal too."
+msgstr ""
+"Dia bersedia untuk membagikan pekerjaannya kepada masyarakat yang membagikan "
+"perangkat lunak, tapi tidak melihat alasan untuk memberikan bantuan kepada "
+"produk bisnis yang tak akan terjangkau oleh masyarakat kita. Tujuannya "
+"berbeda dengan saya, tetapi dia memutuskan bahwa GNU GPL berguna unuk "
+"tujuannya pula."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to accomplish something in the world, idealism is not "
+"enough—you need to choose a method that works to achieve the goal. In "
+"other words, you need to be “pragmatic.” Is the GPL pragmatic? "
+"Let's look at its results."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda ingin menjangkau sesuatu didunia, idealisme tidaklah cukup—"
+"anda harus memilih metode yang akan berhasil untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. "
+"Dengan kata lain anda harus menjadi “pragmatis”. Apakah GPL "
+"pragmatis? Marilah kita melihat hasilnya berikut ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Consider GNU C++. Why do we have a free C++ compiler? Only because the GNU "
+"GPL said it had to be free. GNU C++ was developed by an industry "
+"consortium, MCC, starting from the GNU C compiler. MCC normally makes its "
+"work as proprietary as can be. But they made the C++ front end free "
+"software, because the GNU GPL said that was the only way they could release "
+"it. The C++ front end included many new files, but since they were meant to "
+"be linked with GCC, the GPL did apply to them. The benefit to our community "
+"is evident."
+msgstr ""
+"Pikirkan GNU C++. Mengapa kita memiliki sebuah compiler C++ yang bebas? "
+"Hanya karena GNU GPL mengatakan itu harus bebas. GNU C++ dikembangkan oleh "
+"konsorsium industri, MCC, dimulai dari GNU C compiler. MCC biasanya bekerja "
+"sebagai acuan kelayakan sebisa mungkin. Tetapi mereka membuat C++ sebagai "
+"ujung tombak perangkat lunak bebas, karena GNU GPL berkata hanya itu cara "
+"mereka untuk bisa merilisnya. C++ menyertakan banyak file baru, tetapi "
+"semenjak mereka bermaksud untuk dihubungkan GCC, GPL tidak berlaku untuk "
+"mereka. Keuntungan bagi masyarakat kita menjadi terbukti."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Consider GNU Objective C. NeXT initially wanted to make this front end "
+"proprietary; they proposed to release it as <samp>.o</samp> files, and let "
+"users link them with the rest of GCC, thinking this might be a way around "
+"the GPL's requirements. But our lawyer said that this would not evade the "
+"requirements, that it was not allowed. And so they made the Objective C "
+"front end free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Pikirkan GNU Objective C. NeXT pada mulanya ingin membuatnya sebagai acuan "
+"kelayakan, mereka mengajukan untuk merilisnya sebagai file-file <samp>.o</"
+"samp>, dan membiarkan pengguna menghubungkan mereka dengan keseluruhan GCC, "
+"berpikir bahwa ini adalah jalan sekitar permintaan GPL. Tapi pengacara kami "
+"berkata bahwa ini tidak dapat menghindari permintaan GPL, dan tidak "
+"diijinkan. Kemudian mereka membuat Objective C sebagai perangkat lunak "
+"bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those examples happened years ago, but the GNU GPL continues to bring us "
+"more free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Contoh-contoh diatas terjadi beberapa tahun yang lampau, tetapi GNU GPL "
+"terus memberikan kita perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Many GNU libraries are covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | but not all. One GNU library which is covered by the ordinary GNU GPL is
+# | Readline, which implements command-line editing. [-A month ago,-] I
+# | {+once+} found out about a nonfree program which was designed to use
+# | Readline, and told the developer this was not allowed. He could have
+# | taken command-line editing out of the program, but what he actually did
+# | was rerelease it under the GPL. Now it is free software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Many GNU libraries are covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License, "
+#| "but not all. One GNU library which is covered by the ordinary GNU GPL is "
+#| "Readline, which implements command-line editing. A month ago, I found "
+#| "out about a nonfree program which was designed to use Readline, and told "
+#| "the developer this was not allowed. He could have taken command-line "
+#| "editing out of the program, but what he actually did was rerelease it "
+#| "under the GPL. Now it is free software."
+msgid ""
+"Many GNU libraries are covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License, but "
+"not all. One GNU library which is covered by the ordinary GNU GPL is "
+"Readline, which implements command-line editing. I once found out about a "
+"nonfree program which was designed to use Readline, and told the developer "
+"this was not allowed. He could have taken command-line editing out of the "
+"program, but what he actually did was rerelease it under the GPL. Now it is "
+"free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Banyak kepustakaan GNU yang dicakup oleh GNU Lesser General Public License, "
+"tapi tidak semuanya. Sebuah kepustakaan GNU yang dicakup oleh kepustakaan "
+"GNU GPL yang biasanya adalah Readline, yang mengimplementasikan pengeditan "
+"baris perintah. Sebulan yang lalu, saya menemukan bahwa program-program "
+"yang tidak bebas dirancang untuk menggunakan Readline, saya memberitahu "
+"pengembang tersebut bahwa hal tersebut tidak diijinkan. Ia bisa saja "
+"mengambil pengeditan baris perintah dari program tersebut, tapi yang ia "
+"seharusnya lakukan adalah merilisnya dibawah GPL. Sekarang program tersebut "
+"bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The programmers who write improvements to GCC (or Emacs, or Bash, or Linux, "
+"or any GPL-covered program) are often employed by companies or "
+"universities. When the programmer wants to return his improvements to the "
+"community, and see his code in the next release, the boss may say, “"
+"Hold on there—your code belongs to us! We don't want to share it; we "
+"have decided to turn your improved version into a proprietary software "
+"product.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Para programer yang menyempurnakan GCC (atau Emacs, Bash, Linux, atau GPL "
+"program apa saja) terkadang dipekerjakan oleh perusahaan atau universitas. "
+"Ketika programer tersebut ingin mengembalikan hasil pekerjaanya kepada "
+"masyarakat, dan melihat kodenya pada rilis berikutnya, pimpinannya mungkin "
+"berkata “Tunggu dulu—kode programmu adalah milik kami! Kami "
+"tidak ingin membaginya; kami telah memutuskan untuk mengubah hasil "
+"pengembanganmu sebagai produk kelayakan perangkat lunak.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Here the GNU GPL comes to the rescue. The programmer shows the boss that "
+"this proprietary software product would be copyright infringement, and the "
+"boss realizes that he has only two choices: release the new code as free "
+"software, or not at all. Almost always he lets the programmer do as he "
+"intended all along, and the code goes into the next release."
+msgstr ""
+"Beginilah bagaimana GNU GPL datang sebagai penyelamat. Para programer "
+"menampilkan kepada pimpinannya bahwa produk acuan kelayakan perangkat lunak "
+"ini akan menghadapi masalah hak cipta, dan karena itu sang pimpinan "
+"menyadari bahwa ia hanya memiliki dua pilihan: merelease kode baru tersebut "
+"sebagai perangkat lunak baru, atau tidak sama sekali. Hampir selalu ia "
+"membiarkan programmer melakukan apa saja yang dia inginkan, dan kode "
+"tersebut akan menjadi release berikutnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU GPL is not Mr. Nice Guy. It says no to some of the things that "
+"people sometimes want to do. There are users who say that this is a bad "
+"thing—that the GPL “excludes” some proprietary software "
+"developers who “need to be brought into the free software community."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU GPL bukanlah tuan yang baik. Ia mengatakan tidak pada beberapa hal yang "
+"mungkin orang-orang ingin lakukan. Ada pengguna yang mengatakan bahwa ini "
+"merupakan hal yang buruk—bahwa GPL “tidak menyertakan” "
+"beberapa acuan kelayakan perangkat lunak milik pengembang yang “perlu "
+"untuk dibawa kepada komunitas perangkat lunak bebas.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But we are not excluding them from our community; they are choosing not to "
+"enter. Their decision to make software proprietary is a decision to stay "
+"out of our community. Being in our community means joining in cooperation "
+"with us; we cannot “bring them into our community” if they don't "
+"want to join."
+msgstr ""
+"Tapi kita tidak mengeluarkan mereka dari komunitas, mereka memilih untuk "
+"tidak masuk. Pilihan mereka untuk menciptakan perangkat lunak bersifat acuan "
+"kelayakan merupakan sebuah pilihan untuk tetap berada diluar komunitas kami. "
+"Berada didalam komunitas kami artinya bergabung dalam bekerja sama dengan "
+"kami. Kami tidak dapat “membawa mereka kedalam komunitas kami” "
+"jika mereka tidak ingin bergabung."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What we <em>can</em> do is offer them an inducement to join. The GNU GPL is "
+"designed to make an inducement from our existing software: “If you "
+"will make your software free, you can use this code.” Of course, it "
+"won't win 'em all, but it wins some of the time."
+msgstr ""
+"Yang <em>dapat</em> kami lakukan adalah menawarkan mereka sebuah ajakan "
+"untuk bergabung. GNU GPL dirancang untuk membuat inducement dari perangkat "
+"lunak kami yang ada: “Jika Anda akan menjadikan perangkat lunak bebas, "
+"Anda dapat menggunakan kode ini.” Tentu saja, ia tidak akan "
+"memenangkan mereka selalu, tapi ia memenangkan banyak waktu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software development does not contribute to our community, but "
+"its developers often want handouts from us. Free software users can offer "
+"free software developers strokes for the ego—recognition and "
+"gratitude—but it can be very tempting when a business tells you, "
+"“Just let us put your package in our proprietary program, and your "
+"program will be used by many thousands of people!” The temptation can "
+"be powerful, but in the long run we are all better off if we resist it."
+msgstr ""
+"Pengembangan acuan kelayakan perangkat lunak tidak memberikan sumbangan "
+"terhadap masyarakat kami, tetapi para pengembangnya seringkali menginginkan "
+"bantuan dari kami. Pengguna perangkat lunak bebas ini dapat menawarkan "
+"pengembang perangkat lunak bebas penekanan pada ego pengenalan dan "
+"penghargaan, tetapi bisa sangat menggoda ketike kalangan bisnis berkata "
+"kepada anda “Cukup ijinkan kami meletakkan paket anda dalam program "
+"acuan kelayakan kami, dan program anda akan digunakan oleh banyak "
+"orang” Godaan tersebut bisa sangat kuat, tetapi untuk jangka panjang "
+"kita lebih baik menjauh jika kita dapat menolaknya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The temptation and pressure are harder to recognize when they come
+# | indirectly, through free software organizations that have adopted a policy
+# | of catering to proprietary software. The X Consortium (and its successor,
+# | the Open Group) offers an example: funded by companies that made
+# | proprietary software, they [-have-] strived for a decade to persuade
+# | programmers not to use copyleft. [-Now that-] {+When+} the Open Group
+# | [-has-] {+tried to+} <a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\">ma[-d-]{+k+}e X11R6.4
+# | nonfree software</a>, those of us who {+had+} resisted that pressure
+# | [-are-] {+were+} glad that we did.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The temptation and pressure are harder to recognize when they come "
+#| "indirectly, through free software organizations that have adopted a "
+#| "policy of catering to proprietary software. The X Consortium (and its "
+#| "successor, the Open Group) offers an example: funded by companies that "
+#| "made proprietary software, they have strived for a decade to persuade "
+#| "programmers not to use copyleft. Now that the Open Group has <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/x.html\">made X11R6.4 nonfree software</a>, those of us who "
+#| "resisted that pressure are glad that we did."
+msgid ""
+"The temptation and pressure are harder to recognize when they come "
+"indirectly, through free software organizations that have adopted a policy "
+"of catering to proprietary software. The X Consortium (and its successor, "
+"the Open Group) offers an example: funded by companies that made proprietary "
+"software, they strived for a decade to persuade programmers not to use "
+"copyleft. When the Open Group tried to <a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\">make "
+"X11R6.4 nonfree software</a>, those of us who had resisted that pressure "
+"were glad that we did."
+msgstr ""
+"Godaan dan tekanan lebih sulit untuk dikenali ketika mereka datang secara "
+"tidak langsung, melalui organisasi perangkat lunak bebas yang telah "
+"mengadopsi kebijaksanaan dari kelayakan perangkat lunak. X Consortium (dan "
+"pendahulunya, Open Group) menawarkan sebuah contoh : didanai oleh perusahaan "
+"yang telah membuat kelayakan perangkat lunak, mereka telah berusaha selama "
+"satu dekade untuk memaksa programer tidak menggunakan copyleft. Sekarang "
+"Open Group telah <a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\"> membuat X11R6.4 perangkat "
+"lunak yang tidak bebas</a>, Kita yang bertahan terhadap tekanan tersebut "
+"lega karena kita telah melakukannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with nonfree "
+"distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and rereleased it "
+"under the same noncopyleft free software license that was used for X11R6.3. "
+"Thank you, Open Group—but this subsequent reversal does not invalidate "
+"the conclusions we draw from the fact that adding the restrictions was "
+"<em>possible</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada bulan September 1998, beberapa bulan setelah X11R6.4 dirilis dengan "
+"peraturan distribusi yang tidak bebas, Open Group membalikkan keputusannya "
+"dan merilis ulangnya dalam cakupan ijin non-copyleft perangkat lunak bebas "
+"yang dahulu digunakan untuk X11R6.3. Terimakasih untuk Open Group, tetapi "
+"tindakan pembalikan yang berurutan ini tidak membatalkan kesimpulan yang "
+"kita ambil dari fakta bahwa menambahkan peraturan <em>dimungkinkan</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Pragmatically speaking, thinking about greater long-term goals will
+# | strengthen your will to resist this pressure. If you focus your mind on
+# | the freedom and community that you can build by staying firm, you will
+# | find the strength to do it. “Stand for something, or you will fall
+# | for [-nothing.”-] {+anything.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Pragmatically speaking, thinking about greater long-term goals will "
+#| "strengthen your will to resist this pressure. If you focus your mind on "
+#| "the freedom and community that you can build by staying firm, you will "
+#| "find the strength to do it. “Stand for something, or you will fall "
+#| "for nothing.”"
+msgid ""
+"Pragmatically speaking, thinking about greater long-term goals will "
+"strengthen your will to resist this pressure. If you focus your mind on the "
+"freedom and community that you can build by staying firm, you will find the "
+"strength to do it. “Stand for something, or you will fall for "
+"anything.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Berbicara secara pragmatis, berpikir tentang tujuan jangka panjang akan "
+"memperkuat kehendak Anda untuk menolak tekanan ini. Jika anda memfokuskan "
+"pikiran Anda pada kebebasan dan masyarakat yang Anda bisa dirikan dengan "
+"tetap teguh, Anda akan menemukan kekuatan untuk melakukannya. “"
+"Berprinsiplah pada sesuatu, atau Anda akan jatuh untuk sesuatu yang sia-"
+"sia”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community…if “hard-"
+"nosed realists” say that profit is the only ideal…just ignore "
+"them, and use copyleft all the same."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan jika cynics menganggap gila kebebasan, gila masyarakat…jika "
+"“kaum realistis yang keras” berkata bahwa profit adalah satu-"
+"satunya yang ideal…jangan hiraukan mereka, dan gunakan copyleft sama "
+"seperti semuanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Esai ini telah dipublikasikan dalam buku <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/";
+"product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: "
+"The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 1998, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 3.0 Amerika Serikat</a> (CC BY-ND 3.0 US)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: philosophy/po/selling.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/selling.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/selling.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/selling.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/selling.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-18 07:00+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2009-12-15 15:40+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Selling Free Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Berjualan Perangkat Lunak Bebas - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Selling Free Software"
+msgstr "Berjualan Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em><a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">Some views on the ideas "
+"of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU GPL</a> are "
+"also available.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you should
+# | not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that you should
+# | charge as little as possible—just enough to cover the cost. {+This
+# | is a misunderstanding.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you should "
+#| "not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that you should "
+#| "charge as little as possible—just enough to cover the cost."
+msgid ""
+"Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you should "
+"not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that you should "
+"charge as little as possible—just enough to cover the cost. This is a "
+"misunderstanding."
+msgstr ""
+"Banyak yang menyangka bahwa semangat proyek GNU ialah menganjurkan anda "
+"untuk tidak menarik biaya pendistribusian perangkat lunak, dan kalau pun "
+"ditarik, sebaiknya dengan biaya sekecil mungkin—sekedar penutup biaya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Actually, we encourage people who redistribute <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> to charge as much as
+# | they wish or can. If {+a license does not permit users to make copies and
+# | sell them, it is a nonfree license. If+} this seems surprising to you,
+# | please read on.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Actually, we encourage people who redistribute <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+#| "sw.html\">free software</a> to charge as much as they wish or can. If "
+#| "this seems surprising to you, please read on."
+msgid ""
+"Actually, we encourage people who redistribute <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">free software</a> to charge as much as they wish or can. If a "
+"license does not permit users to make copies and sell them, it is a nonfree "
+"license. If this seems surprising to you, please read on."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebetulnya, kami menganjurkan para pengedar <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">perangkat lunak bebas</a> untuk menarik biaya sebanyak yang "
+"diinginkan atau yang sanggup dikutip. Jika anda keheranan, silakan menyimak "
+"lanjut tulisan ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The word “free” has two legitimate general meanings; it can "
+"refer either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free "
+"software”, we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “"
+"free speech”, not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means "
+"that a user is free to run the program, change the program, and redistribute "
+"the program with or without changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Kata âbebasâ memiliki dua arti yang umum; bebas dapat mengacu "
+"baik pada kebebasan atau pun pada harga. Ketika kita berbicara tentang "
+"âperangkat lunak yang bebasâ, kita sedang membicarakan "
+"kebebasan, dan bukan harga (Bayangkan peri hal âkebebasan "
+"berpendapatâ, dan bukannya âbir bebas biaya/ gratisâ). "
+"Tepatnya, hal tersebut berarti bahwa para pengguna bebas untuk menjalankan "
+"suatu program, mengubah suatu program, dan mendistribusi ulang suatu program "
+"dengan atau tanpa mengubahnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free programs are sometimes distributed gratis, and sometimes for a "
+"substantial price. Often the same program is available in both ways from "
+"different places. The program is free regardless of the price, because "
+"users have freedom in using it."
+msgstr ""
+"Program bebas terkadang didistribusikan secara gratis, dan terkadang dengan "
+"harga yang substansial. Sering program yang sama muncul dari dua jalur yang "
+"berbeda. Program itu sendiri bebas terlepas dari harganya, karena para "
+"penggunanya mempunyai kebebasan dalam menggunakannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">Nonfree
+# | programs</a> are usually sold for a high price, but sometimes a store will
+# | give you a copy at no charge. That doesn't make it free software, though.
+# | Price or no price, the program is nonfree because {+its+} users [-don't
+# | have-] {+are denied+} freedom.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">Nonfree "
+#| "programs</a> are usually sold for a high price, but sometimes a store "
+#| "will give you a copy at no charge. That doesn't make it free software, "
+#| "though. Price or no price, the program is nonfree because users don't "
+#| "have freedom."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">Nonfree "
+"programs</a> are usually sold for a high price, but sometimes a store will "
+"give you a copy at no charge. That doesn't make it free software, though. "
+"Price or no price, the program is nonfree because its users are denied "
+"freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">Program tidak "
+"bebas</a> biasanya dijual dengan harga tinggi, tetapi kadangkala ada toko "
+"yang memberikan anda sebuah salinan tanpa biaya. Hal tersebut tidak membuat "
+"perangkat lunak tersebut menjadi perangkat lunak bebas. Dengan harga atau "
+"tanpa harga, program tersebut tidak bebas karena pengguna tidak mempunyai "
+"kebebasan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Since free software is not a matter of price, a low price [-isn't more-]
+# | {+doesn't make the software+} free, or {+even+} closer to free. So if you
+# | are redistributing copies of free software, you might as well charge a
+# | substantial fee and <em>make some money</em>. Redistributing free
+# | software is a good and legitimate activity; if you do it, you might as
+# | well make a profit from it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Since free software is not a matter of price, a low price isn't more "
+#| "free, or closer to free. So if you are redistributing copies of free "
+#| "software, you might as well charge a substantial fee and <em>make some "
+#| "money</em>. Redistributing free software is a good and legitimate "
+#| "activity; if you do it, you might as well make a profit from it."
+msgid ""
+"Since free software is not a matter of price, a low price doesn't make the "
+"software free, or even closer to free. So if you are redistributing copies "
+"of free software, you might as well charge a substantial fee and <em>make "
+"some money</em>. Redistributing free software is a good and legitimate "
+"activity; if you do it, you might as well make a profit from it."
+msgstr ""
+"Berhubung perangkat lunak bebas bukan perihal harga, harga yang murah tidak "
+"menjadikannya menjadi lebih bebas, atau mendekati bebas. Jadi jika anda "
+"mendistribusi ulang salinan dari perangkat lunak bebas, anda dapat saja "
+"menarik biaya dan <em>mendapatkan uang</em>. Mendistribusi ulang perangkat "
+"lunak bebas merupakan kegiatan yang baik dan sah; jika anda melakukannya, "
+"silakan juga menarik keuntungan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Free software is a community project, and everyone who depends on it ought
+# | to look for ways to contribute to building the community. For a
+# | distributor, the way to do this is to give a part of the profit to {+free
+# | software development projects or to+} the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free
+# | Software [-Foundation</a> or some other free software development project.
+# | By funding development,-] {+Foundation</a>. This way+} you can advance
+# | the world of free software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free software is a community project, and everyone who depends on it "
+#| "ought to look for ways to contribute to building the community. For a "
+#| "distributor, the way to do this is to give a part of the profit to the <a "
+#| "href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software Foundation</a> or some other free "
+#| "software development project. By funding development, you can advance "
+#| "the world of free software."
+msgid ""
+"Free software is a community project, and everyone who depends on it ought "
+"to look for ways to contribute to building the community. For a "
+"distributor, the way to do this is to give a part of the profit to free "
+"software development projects or to the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free "
+"Software Foundation</a>. This way you can advance the world of free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak bebas merupakan sebuah proyek masyarakat, sehingga "
+"seharusnya yang bergantung kepada perangkat tersebut, turut memikirkan "
+"berbagai cara berkontribusi untuk membangun masyarakat tersebut. Untuk para "
+"distributor, hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menyisihkan sebagian "
+"keuntungannya kepada <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\"><em>Free Software Foundation</"
+"em></a> (FSF, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas), atau kepada berbagai proyek "
+"pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas lainnya. Dengan membiayai "
+"pengembangannya, anda ikut berpartisipasi dalam memajukan dunia perangkat "
+"lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>Distributing free software is an opportunity to raise funds for "
+"development. Don't waste it!</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong> Mendistribusikan perangkat lunak bebas merupakan peluang untuk "
+"menarik dana pengembangan. Jangan sia-siakan kesempatan tersebut! </strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In order to contribute funds, you need to have some extra. If you charge "
+"too low a fee, you won't have anything to spare to support development."
+msgstr ""
+"Agar dapat berkontribusi untuk mendanai perangkat lunak bebas, dibutuhkan "
+"sisa hasil usaha yang cukup. Jika berjualan terlalu murah, ada kemungkinan "
+"tanpa kelebihan dana untuk mendukung pengembangannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Will a higher distribution price hurt some users?"
+msgstr "Akankah harga distribusi yang tinggi merugikan beberapa pengguna?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People sometimes worry that a high distribution fee will put free software "
+"out of range for users who don't have a lot of money. With <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary software</a>, a "
+"high price does exactly that—but free software is different."
+msgstr ""
+"Terkadang ada yang khawatir bahwa harga distribusi yang tinggi akan membuat "
+"perangkat lunak bebas tidak terjangkau oleh pengguna ekonomi lemah. Dengan "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik</a>, harga tinggi memang akan membuat perangkat lunak tidak "
+"terjangkau, tetapi perangkat lunak bebas berbeda."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The difference is that free software naturally tends to spread around, and "
+"there are many ways to get it."
+msgstr ""
+"Perbedaannya ialah perangkat lunak bebas cenderung untuk menyebar ke segala "
+"penjuru dengan cepat, dan terdapat banyak cara untuk mendapatkannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Software hoarders try their damnedest to stop you from running a proprietary "
+"program without paying the standard price. If this price is high, that does "
+"make it hard for some users to use the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Para penimbun perangkat lunak akan mencoba berbagai cara untuk mencegah anda "
+"menggunakan program berpemilik tanpa bayaran layak. Jika harga ini tinggi, "
+"hal tersebut akan menyulitkan beberapa pengguna untuk menggunakan programnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With free software, users don't <em>have</em> to pay the distribution fee in "
+"order to use the software. They can copy the program from a friend who has "
+"a copy, or with the help of a friend who has network access. Or several "
+"users can join together, split the price of one CD-ROM, then each in turn "
+"can install the software. A high CD-ROM price is not a major obstacle when "
+"the software is free."
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan perangkat lunak bebas, para pengguna <em>tidak perlu</em> membayar "
+"biaya distribusi untuk menggunakan perangkat lunak tersebut. Mereka boleh "
+"menyalin program dari temannya, atau dengan bantuan seorang teman dengan "
+"akses internet. Atau beberapa pengguna dapat patungan membeli sekeping CD-"
+"ROM, kemudian masing-masing boleh menginstal perangkat lunak tersebut. Harga "
+"CD-ROM yang tinggi bukanlah merupakan kendala utama, jika perangkat lunaknya "
+"bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Will a higher distribution price discourage use of free software?"
+msgstr ""
+"Akankah harga distribusi yang tinggi mengurangi penggunaan perangkat lunak "
+"bebas?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another common concern is for the popularity of free software. People think "
+"that a high price for distribution would reduce the number of users, or that "
+"a low price is likely to encourage users."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah umum lainnya ialah kepopuleran dari perangkat lunak bebas. Ada yang "
+"beranggapan bahwa harga tinggi untuk mendistribusikan akan mengurangi jumlah "
+"pengguna, atau bahwa harga yang rendah akan mendorong peningkatan jumlah "
+"pengguna perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is true for proprietary software—but free software is different. "
+"With so many ways to get copies, the price of distribution service has less "
+"effect on popularity."
+msgstr ""
+"Hal ini betul untuk perangkat lunak berpemilik—namun perangkat lunak "
+"bebas, berbeda. Mengingat ada berbagai cara untuk menyalin, biaya jasa "
+"distribusi tidak berpengaruh banyak terhadap kepopuleran perangkat lunak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | In the long run, how many people use free software is determined mainly by
+# | <em>how much free software can do</em>, and how easy it is to use. Many
+# | users [-will-] {+do not make freedom their priority; they may+} continue
+# | to use proprietary software if free software can't do all the jobs they
+# | want [-to do.-] {+done.+} Thus, if we want to increase the number of
+# | users in the long run, we should above all <em>develop more free
+# | software</em>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the long run, how many people use free software is determined mainly "
+#| "by <em>how much free software can do</em>, and how easy it is to use. "
+#| "Many users will continue to use proprietary software if free software "
+#| "can't do all the jobs they want to do. Thus, if we want to increase the "
+#| "number of users in the long run, we should above all <em>develop more "
+#| "free software</em>."
+msgid ""
+"In the long run, how many people use free software is determined mainly by "
+"<em>how much free software can do</em>, and how easy it is to use. Many "
+"users do not make freedom their priority; they may continue to use "
+"proprietary software if free software can't do all the jobs they want done. "
+"Thus, if we want to increase the number of users in the long run, we should "
+"above all <em>develop more free software</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dalam jangka waktu lama, jumlah pengguna perangkat lunak bebas akan "
+"ditentukan oleh <em>kemampuan perangkat lunak bebas tersebut</em>, dan "
+"seberapa mudah cara mengunakannya. Banyak yang akan terus menggunakan "
+"perangkat lunak berpemilik jika perangkat lunak bebas tidak memberikan yang "
+"diinginkan. Jadi, jika ingin meningkatkan jumlah pengguna dalam waktu lama, "
+"kita seharusnya mengutamakan <em>pengembangan lebih banyak lagi perangkat "
+"lunak bebas</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The most direct way to do this is by writing needed <a href=\"http://";
+"savannah.gnu.org/projects/tasklist\">free software</a> or <a href=\"/doc/doc."
+"html\">manuals</a> yourself. But if you do distribution rather than "
+"writing, the best way you can help is by raising funds for others to write "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+"Cara langsung untuk melakukan hal tersebut ialah dengan menulis sendiri <a "
+"href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tasklist\";>perangkat lunak bebas</a> "
+"atau <a href=\"/doc/doc.html\">manual</a> yang diperlukan. Namun jika anda "
+"lebih suka melakukan pendistribusian daripada menulis, cara paling baik yang "
+"dapat membantu ialah mencarikan dana agar orang lain dapat menulisnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The term “selling software” can be confusing too"
+msgstr ""
+"Istilah âberjualan perangkat lunakâ dapat membingungkan juga"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Strictly speaking, “selling” means trading goods for money. "
+"Selling a copy of a free program is legitimate, and we encourage it."
+msgstr ""
+"Secara harfiah, âberjualanâ berarti berdagang barang untuk uang. "
+"Menjual sebuah salian program bebas merupakan sesuatu yang sah, dan kami "
+"mendukung hal tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, when people think of <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+"html#SellSoftware\">“selling software”</a>, they usually imagine "
+"doing it the way most companies do it: making the software proprietary "
+"rather than free."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun yang mana dari pada, terhadap istilah â<a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"words-to-avoid.html#SellSoftware\">berjualan perangkat lunak</a>â, "
+"biasanya terbayang cara-cara yang biasa dilakukan oleh pelaku bisnis: "
+"menjadikan sebuah perangkat lunak berpemilik dan tidak bebas lagi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So unless you're going to draw distinctions carefully, the way this article "
+"does, we suggest it is better to avoid using the term “selling "
+"software” and choose some other wording instead. For example, you "
+"could say “distributing free software for a fee”—that is "
+"unambiguous."
+msgstr ""
+"Kecuali anda akan menguraikan perbedaannya secara teliti, seperti pada "
+"tulisan ini, kami menyarankan lebih baik menghindari penggunaan istilah "
+"âberjualan perangkat lunakâ serta memilih istilah lainnya. "
+"Umpamanya, anda dapat mengatakan âmendistribusikan perangkat lunak "
+"bebas dengan biayaâ—sehingga tidak membingungkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "High or low fees, and the GNU GPL"
+msgstr "Tinggi atau rendahnya biaya, dan GNU GPL"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Except for one special situation, the <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU "
+"General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) has no requirements about how much you "
+"can charge for distributing a copy of free software. You can charge "
+"nothing, a penny, a dollar, or a billion dollars. It's up to you, and the "
+"marketplace, so don't complain to us if nobody wants to pay a billion "
+"dollars for a copy."
+msgstr ""
+"Kecuali untuk situasi khusus, <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\"><em>GNU General "
+"Public License</em></a> (GNU GPL, Lisensi Publik Umum GNU) tidak "
+"mensyaratkan mengenai berapa besar biaya yang boleh ditarik untuk "
+"mendistribusikan perangkat lunak bebas. Anda boleh tidak mengutip biaya, "
+"sangat murah, bahkan satu milyar dollar. Terserah anda, dan pasar, dan "
+"jangan komplain pada kami jika tak seorang pun ingin membayar satu milyar "
+"dollar untuk sebuah salinan perangkat lunak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The one exception is in the case where binaries are distributed without the "
+"corresponding complete source code. Those who do this are required by the "
+"GNU GPL to provide source code on subsequent request. Without a limit on "
+"the fee for the source code, they would be able set a fee too large for "
+"anyone to pay—such as a billion dollars—and thus pretend to "
+"release source code while in truth concealing it. So <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"gpl.html#section6\">in this case we have to limit the fee</a> for source in "
+"order to ensure the user's freedom. In ordinary situations, however, there "
+"is no such justification for limiting distribution fees, so we do not limit "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+"Satu pengecualiannya ialah jika binarinya didistribusikan tanpa <em>source "
+"code</em> yang lengkap. Yang melakukan hal tersebut diwajibkan oleh GNU GPL "
+"untuk menyediakan <em>source code</em> jika diminta. Tanpa pembatasan biaya "
+"untuk <em>source code</em> tersebut, mereka dapat menetapkan biaya "
+"berlebihan bagi setiap orang—umpama, satu milyar dolar—dan "
+"berpura-pura memberikan kode sumber padahal sebenarnya merahasiakannya. "
+"Jadi <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html#section6\">untuk kasus tersebut, kita "
+"harus membatasi biaya <em>source code</em></a> untuk meyakinkan kebebasan "
+"para pengguna. Pada umumnya, bagaimana pun juga, tidak ada justifikasi untuk "
+"membatasi biaya pendistribusian, jadi kita tidak melakukan pembatasan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Sometimes companies whose activities cross the line [-of what-] {+stated
+# | in+} the GNU GPL [-permits-] plead for permission, saying that they
+# | “won't charge money for the GNU software” or such like.
+# | [-They don't-] {+That won't+} get {+them+} anywhere [-this way.-] {+with
+# | us.+} Free software is about freedom, and enforcing the GPL is defending
+# | freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not distracted by side
+# | issues such as how much of a distribution fee is charged. Freedom is the
+# | issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sometimes companies whose activities cross the line of what the GNU GPL "
+#| "permits plead for permission, saying that they “won't charge money "
+#| "for the GNU software” or such like. They don't get anywhere this "
+#| "way. Free software is about freedom, and enforcing the GPL is defending "
+#| "freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not distracted by side "
+#| "issues such as how much of a distribution fee is charged. Freedom is the "
+#| "issue, the whole issue, and the only issue."
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes companies whose activities cross the line stated in the GNU GPL "
+"plead for permission, saying that they “won't charge money for the GNU "
+"software” or such like. That won't get them anywhere with us. Free "
+"software is about freedom, and enforcing the GPL is defending freedom. When "
+"we defend users' freedom, we are not distracted by side issues such as how "
+"much of a distribution fee is charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole "
+"issue, and the only issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Terkadang ada beberapa perusahan yang melewati batas menetapkan ketentuan "
+"seperti yang ditetapkan oleh GNU GPL, seperti mereka mengatakan âtidak "
+"perlu membayar untuk perangkat lunak GNUâ, atau serupa itu. Mereka "
+"tidak akan mendapat apa pun untuk hal tersebut. Perangkat Lunak Bebas ialah "
+"perihal kebebasan, dan menerapkan GNU GPL merupakan cara untuk "
+"mempertahankan kebebasan. Ketika kita mempertahankan kebebasan para "
+"pengguna, kita mengabaikanisu lainnya seperti penetapan biaya distribusi. "
+"Kebebasan merupakan isu utama, isu keseluruhan, dan satu-satunya isu."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid "Table of Contents"
+#~ msgstr "Daftar Isi"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#HighOrLowFeesAndGPL\" id=\"TOCHighOrLowFeesAndGPL\">High or "
+#~ "low fees, and the GNU GPL</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#HighOrLowFeesAndGPL\" id=\"TOCHighOrLowFeesAndGPL\">Tinggi "
+#~ "atau rendahnya biaya, dan GNU GPL</a>"
+
+#~ msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Other Texts to Read</a>"
+#~ msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Bacaan Lainnya</a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCHigherPriceNoHurt\" id=\"HigherPriceNoHurt\">Will a higher "
+#~ "distribution price hurt some users?</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCHigherPriceNoHurt\" id=\"HigherPriceNoHurt\">Akankah harga "
+#~ "distribusi yang tinggi merugikan beberapa pengguna?</a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCHigherPriceNoDiscourage\" id=\"HigherPriceNoDiscourage"
+#~ "\">Will a higher distribution price discourage use of free software?</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCHigherPriceNoDiscourage\" id=\"HigherPriceNoDiscourage"
+#~ "\">Akankah harga distribusi yang tinggi mengurangi penggunaan perangkat "
+#~ "lunak bebas?</a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCConfusingTerm\" id=\"ConfusingTerm\">The term “"
+#~ "selling software” can be confusing too</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCConfusingTerm\" id=\"ConfusingTerm\">Istilah “"
+#~ "berjualan perangkat lunak” dapat membingungkan juga</a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCHighOrLowFeesAndGPL\" id=\"HighOrLowFeesAndGPL\">High or "
+#~ "low fees, and the GNU GPL</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"#TOCHighOrLowFeesAndGPL\" id=\"HighOrLowFeesAndGPL\">Tinggi "
+#~ "atau rendahnya biaya, dan GNU GPL</a>"
Index: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/shouldbefree.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/shouldbefree.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2124 @@
+# Indonedian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/shouldbefree.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-31 06:29+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-06-12 12:23+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Mengapa Perangkat Lunak Seharusnya Bebas - Proyek GNU - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why Software Should Be Free"
+msgstr "Mengapa Perangkat Lunak Seharusnya Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"oleh <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr "Pendahuluan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how decisions "
+"about its use should be made. For example, suppose one individual who has a "
+"copy of a program meets another who would like a copy. It is possible for "
+"them to copy the program; who should decide whether this is done? The "
+"individuals involved? Or another party, called the “owner”?"
+msgstr ""
+"Keberadaan perangkat lunak tidak dapat menghindarkan pertanyaan perihal, "
+"bagaimana seharusnya memutuskan aturan penggunaannya. Sebagai contoh, "
+"seseorang yang mempunyai salinan sebuah program bertemu dengan orang lain "
+"yang ingin menyalinnya. Apakah mereka dibolehkan untuk menyalin program "
+"tersebut; siapakah yang seharusnya menentukan apakah hal tersebut "
+"diperbolehkan? Apakah pihak tersebut diatas terlibat? Ataukah ada pihak "
+"lain, yang disebut sebagai “Pemilik”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Software developers typically consider these questions on the assumption "
+"that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers' profits. The "
+"political power of business has led to the government adoption of both this "
+"criterion and the answer proposed by the developers: that the program has an "
+"owner, typically a corporation associated with its development."
+msgstr ""
+"Biasanya, asumsi kriteria para pengembang perangkat lunak untuk pertanyaan "
+"tersebut, ialah memaksimalkan keuntungan para pengembang. Kekuatan politik "
+"bisnis telah mengarahkan pemerintah untuk menerima kriteria ini yang "
+"diajukan oleh para pengembang: suatu program mempunyai pemilik, biasanya "
+"sebuah perusahaan yang berhubungan dengan pengembangannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I would like to consider the same question using a different criterion: the "
+"prosperity and freedom of the public in general."
+msgstr ""
+"Saya ingin mempertimbangkan pertanyaan serupa dengan menggunakan kriteria "
+"yang berbeda: kesejahteraan dan kebebasan masyarakat pada umumnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This answer cannot be decided by current law—the law should conform to "
+"ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current practice decide this "
+"question, although it may suggest possible answers. The only way to judge "
+"is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners of software, "
+"why, and how much. In other words, we should perform a cost-benefit "
+"analysis on behalf of society as a whole, taking account of individual "
+"freedom as well as production of material goods."
+msgstr ""
+"Pertanyaan tersebut di atas kurang dapat terjawab dengan perangkat hukum "
+"dewasa ini—hukum yang seharusnya sesuai dengan etika, dan bukan "
+"sebaliknya. Tidak juga dengan kebiasaan perilaku dewasa ini, walau pun "
+"menyarankan beberapa jawaban. Satu-satunya jalan untuk menilai ini ialah "
+"menyimak siapa yang diuntungkan dan siapa yang dirugikan dengan adanya "
+"kepemilikan perangkat lunak, mengapa, dan seberapa besar. Dengan kata lain, "
+"kita seharusnya melakukan analisa untung-rugi atas nama masyarakat secara "
+"keseluruhan, tanpa mengesampingkan kebebasan individu serta produksi barang-"
+"barang materi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show that "
+"the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that programmers have the "
+"duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study, and improve the "
+"software we write: in other words, to write <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">“free” software</a>.<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Dalam tulisan ini, saya akan menerangkan tentang efek-efek dari kepemilikan, "
+"dan menunjukan bahwa hasilnya merupakan sebuah kerugian. Kesimpulan saya "
+"ialah bahwa para pemrogram memiliki kewajiban untuk mengajak para pemrogram "
+"lainnya untuk: berbagi, mendistribusi ulang, mempelajari, serta meningkatkan "
+"kinerja perangkat lunak sesama pemrogram. Dengan kata lain, mengembangkan <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">perangkat lunak “bebas”</a> <a "
+"href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "How Owners Justify Their Power"
+msgstr "Alasan Para Pemilik Membenarkan Posisi Mereka"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property offer "
+"two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the emotional "
+"argument and the economic argument."
+msgstr ""
+"Aturan yang berlaku dewasa ini menganggap program merupakan hak milik. Dua "
+"alasan yang diajukan oleh pihak yang diuntungkan aturan ini ialah: alasan "
+"emosional dan alasan ekonomi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The emotional argument goes like this: “I put my sweat, my heart, my "
+"soul into this program. It comes from <em>me</em>, it's <em>mine</em>!"
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"Alasan emosional akan seperti berikut: “Saya sudah susah payah, "
+"sepenuh hati menambatkan jiwa pada program ini. Ini datang dari <em>saya</"
+"em>, sehingga ini <em>milik saya</em>!”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of "
+"attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it is "
+"not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same programmers "
+"usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a salary; the "
+"emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast, consider the great "
+"artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't even sign their names to "
+"their work. To them, the name of the artist was not important. What "
+"mattered was that the work was done—and the purpose it would serve. "
+"This view prevailed for hundreds of years."
+msgstr ""
+"Alasan ini tidak memerlukan pembantahan yang serius. Perasaan keterikatan "
+"dapat tumbuh pada para pemrogram jika mereka telah menyatu dengan "
+"programnya; hal ini tidak dapat terelakan. Bandingkan, sebagai contoh, "
+"betapa mudahnya para pemrogram tersebut menyerahkan seluruh haknya kepada "
+"sebuah perusahaan besar untuk mendapatkan gaji; keterikatan emosi hilang "
+"secara misterius. Sebaliknya, para artis dan seniman besar pada jaman "
+"pertengahan, mereka tidak mencantumkan sama sekali nama mereka pada hasil "
+"pekerjaannya. Bagi mereka nama bukan lah suatu yang penting. Permasalahannya "
+"adalah bahwa pekerjaan dapat diselesaikandan tujuannya dapat tercapai. "
+"Pandangan ini telah bertahan ratusan tahun lamanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich (usually "
+"described inaccurately as ‘making a living’), and if you don't "
+"allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't program. Everyone else is "
+"like me, so nobody will ever program. And then you'll be stuck with no "
+"programs at all!” This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice "
+"from the wise."
+msgstr ""
+"Alasan ekonomi akan kira-kira seperti berikut: “Saya ingin kaya "
+"(biasanya diutarakan secara kurang akurat sebagai ‘mata "
+"pencaharian’), dan jika anda tidak mengijinkan saya menjadi kaya "
+"dengan memrogram, maka saya tidak akan memrogram. Jika orang lain seperti "
+"saya, maka tidak akan ada orang mau memrogram. Maka anda akan tertahan "
+"dengan tidak adanya program sama sekali!” Ancaman ini biasanya "
+"dianggap sebagai nasihat bersahabat dari yang bijaksana."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to address an "
+"implicit assumption that is more visible in another formulation of the "
+"argument."
+msgstr ""
+"Berikut akan dijelaskan, mengapa ancaman tersebut hanyalah gertak sambal. "
+"Pertama-tama, saya ingin mengalamatkan sebuah asumsi implisit yang lebih "
+"masuk akal dalam formulasi lain dari alasan tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a proprietary "
+"program with that of no program, and then concludes that proprietary "
+"software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be "
+"encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two outcomes—"
+"proprietary software versus no software—and assuming there are no "
+"other possibilities."
+msgstr ""
+"Formulasi tersebut dimulai dengan membandingkan keuntungan sosial dari "
+"adanya program berpemilik dengan keadaan tanpa program tersebut, dan "
+"kemudian menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan perangkat lunak berpemilik secara "
+"keseluruhan, menguntungkan, dan seharusnya berkembang. Kekeliruan disini "
+"ialah hanya membandingkan 2 buah hal—perangkat lunak berpemilik dengan "
+"tanpa perangkat lunak—dengan anggapan bahwa tidak ada kemungkinan lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Given a system of [-intellectual property,-] {+software copyright,+}
+# | software development is usually linked with the existence of an owner who
+# | controls the software's use. As long as this linkage exists, we are often
+# | faced with the choice of proprietary software or none. However, this
+# | linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific
+# | social/legal policy decision that we are questioning: the decision to have
+# | owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software versus no
+# | software is begging the question.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Given a system of intellectual property, software development is usually "
+#| "linked with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. "
+#| "As long as this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of "
+#| "proprietary software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or "
+#| "inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy "
+#| "decision that we are questioning: the decision to have owners. To "
+#| "formulate the choice as between proprietary software versus no software "
+#| "is begging the question."
+msgid ""
+"Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually linked "
+"with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. As long as "
+"this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of proprietary "
+"software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it "
+"is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy decision that we are "
+"questioning: the decision to have owners. To formulate the choice as "
+"between proprietary software versus no software is begging the question."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada sebuah sistem ber<em>HaKI</em>, pengembangan perangkat lunak biasanya "
+"terkait dengan keberadaan dari seorang pemilik yang mengendalikan "
+"pemenfaatan perangkat lunak tersebut. Selama kaitan tersebut ada, kita akan "
+"sering berhadapan dengan pemilihan perangkat lunak berpemilik, atau tidak. "
+"Namun, kaitan tersebut tidak terhindari, selain menjadi akibat dari sebuah "
+"kebijaksanaan publik yang kita pertanyakan: keputusan untuk berpemilik. "
+"Untuk memformulasikan pilihan tersebut antara perangkat lunak berpemilik "
+"dengan tidak adanya perangkat lunak adalah dengan menjadi tanda tanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The Argument against Having Owners"
+msgstr "Argumentasi Menentang Kepemilikan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked "
+"with having owners to restrict the use of it?”"
+msgstr ""
+"Timbullah pertanyaan, “Haruskah pengembangan perangkat lunak dikaitkan "
+"dengan kepemilikan untuk membatasi penggunaannya?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of each of "
+"those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of developing the "
+"software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect of "
+"restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If one of "
+"these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be better off "
+"dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk menjawabnya, kita harus menilai dampak kepada masyarakat dari kedua "
+"kegiatan tersebut secara <em>terpisah</em>, yaitu dampak terhadak "
+"pengembangan perangkat lunak (terlepas ketentuan penyalurannya), serta "
+"dampak dari pembatasan penggunaannya (dengan berasumsi perangkat lunak telah "
+"dikembangkan). Jika salah satu aktifitas ini menguntungkan dan yang lainnya "
+"merugikan, kita lebih baik memutuskan hubungannya dan hanya melakukan yang "
+"menguntungkan saja."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program already "
+"developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical software developer "
+"will reject the option of doing so."
+msgstr ""
+"Dari sudut pandang yang berbeda, dapat dikatakan jika pembatasan distribusi "
+"sebuah program yang telah dikembangkan merugikan masyarakat secara "
+"keseluruhan, maka bagi pengembang perangkat lunak yang beretika akan menolak "
+"melakukan hal tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare the value "
+"to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with that of the same "
+"program, available to everyone. This means comparing two possible worlds."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk menentukan dampak dari membatasi berbagi pemanfaatan bersama, kita "
+"perlu membandingkan nilainya terhadap masyarakat dari sebuah program yang "
+"dibatasi (berpemilik) dengan program yang disediakan untuk setiap orang. Hal "
+"ini berarti membandingkan 2 buah hal yang mungkin terjadi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes made that "
+"“the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a program "
+"is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.” This counterargument "
+"assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in magnitude. The analysis "
+"involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows that the benefit is much "
+"greater."
+msgstr ""
+"Analisa ini juga menyinggung argumentasi tandingan sederhana, bahwa “"
+"keuntungan memberikan sebuah salinan program kepada masyarakat dibatalkan "
+"akibat kerugian yang ditanggung oleh pemilik program”. Argumen ini "
+"berasumsi bahwa kerugian dan keuntungan adalah seimbang. Analisa ini "
+"melibatkan perbandingan tersebut, dan menunjukkan bahwa keuntungannya yang "
+"lebih besar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road "
+"construction."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk menelaah argumentasi ini, mari kita tinjau bidang lain seperti: "
+"pembangunan jalan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls. This "
+"would entail having toll booths at all street corners. Such a system would "
+"provide a great incentive to improve roads. It would also have the virtue "
+"of causing the users of any given road to pay for that road. However, a "
+"toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth driving—artificial, "
+"because it is not a consequence of how roads or cars work."
+msgstr ""
+"Dapat saja pembangunan semua jalan didanai dengan tol. Hal ini memerlukan "
+"adanya gerbang tol disetiap sudut jalan. Sistem ini dapat menyediakan dana "
+"untuk memperbaiki atau menambah jalan. Hal ini juga mengharuskan setiap "
+"pengguna jalan untuk membayar. Namun, sebuah gerbang tol hanyalah sebuah "
+"rintangan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan bagaimana jalan dan kendaraan "
+"tersebut digunakan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that (all "
+"else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to construct, "
+"cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.<a href=\"#f2\">(2)</a> In "
+"a poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable to many citizens. The "
+"roads without toll booths thus offer more benefit to society at less cost; "
+"they are preferable for society. Therefore, society should choose to fund "
+"roads in another way, not by means of toll booths. Use of roads, once "
+"built, should be free."
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan membandingkan kegunaan jalan biasa dengan jalan tol, didapatkan bahwa "
+"jalan tanpa gerbang tol lebih murah baik pembangunan, mau pun "
+"pemeliharaannya, serta lebih efisien penggunaannya <a href=\"#f2\">(2)</a>. "
+"Di sebuah negara miskin, tol mungkin membuat jalan tidak diperuntukkan bagi "
+"seluruh penduduk. Jalan tanpa gerbang tol lebih menguntungkan bagi "
+"masyakarat dengan biaya yang lebih murah; hal ini lebih dipilih oleh "
+"masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat seharusnya memilih untuk mendanai "
+"jalan dengan cara lain, bukan dengan tol. Penggunaan jalan, sekali dibuat "
+"haruslah bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When the advocates of toll booths propose them as <em>merely</em> a way of "
+"raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll booths do "
+"raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they degrade the "
+"road. The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving us more or "
+"technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this means "
+"substituting toll roads for free roads."
+msgstr ""
+"Pendapat bahwa iuran jalan tol merupakan <em>satu-satunya</em> cara "
+"mendapatkan dana, sebetulnya mengurangi pilihan para pengguna. Gerbang tol "
+"memang menaikkan pendapatan tetapi ada hal lain selain itu, kebanyakan jalan "
+"tol tidak lebih baik dari jalan biasa; membuat kita berpikir penggantian "
+"jalan oleh jalan tol tidak memberikan manfaat jika begitu perlu diganti "
+"kembali menjadi jalan biasa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the public "
+"must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability of toll "
+"booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for our money by "
+"buying a free road."
+msgstr ""
+"Tentu saja pembangunan jalan biasa juga memerlukan biaya, yang juga harus "
+"dibayar masyarakat dengan cara lain. Namun tidak seperti halnya pada jalan "
+"tol yang memerlukan gerbang tol. Kitalah yang harus membayar keduanya untuk "
+"mendapatkan nilai tambah dari uang kita dengan membeli jalan biasa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all. That would "
+"be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the road—but "
+"this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector. However, as long as the "
+"toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is better to raise "
+"the funds in a less obstructive fashion."
+msgstr ""
+"Saya tidak mengatakan bahwa jalan tol itu lebih buruk dari pada tanpa ada "
+"jalan sama sekali. Hal ini hanya akan terjadi jika uang tol sedemikian "
+"besarnya sehingga tidak ada yang mau menggunakannya—ini pasti bukan "
+"kehendak para pemilik jalan tol. Namun, selama gerbang tol menyebabkan "
+"penghamburan uang dan ketidak-nyamanan, maka lebih baik untuk mencari dana "
+"dalam cara yang lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show that "
+"having “toll booths” for useful software programs costs society "
+"dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more expensive to "
+"distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use. It will follow that "
+"program construction should be encouraged in some other way. Then I will go "
+"on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to the extent actually "
+"necessary) funding software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan menggunakan alasan yang sama, saya akan menunjukkan bahwa menerapkan "
+"gerbang tol sebagai biaya yang harus dibayar masyarakat untuk penggunaan "
+"program perangkat lunak, sehingga program-program lebih mahal untuk dibuat, "
+"lebih mahal untuk dikembangkan, lebih mahal untuk dipasarkan, dan kurang "
+"memuaskan dan efisien untuk digunakan. Hal ini seharusnya diikuti dengan "
+"pendorongan pengembangan perangkat lunak dalam berbagai cara. Selanjutnya "
+"saya akan menerangkan metode lain untuk mendorong dan membiayai pengembangan "
+"perangkat lunak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "The Harm Done by Obstructing Software"
+msgstr "Kerugian yang Terjadi dengan Menghalangi Perangkat Lunak"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any necessary "
+"payments for its development have been made; now society must choose either "
+"to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use. Assume that the "
+"existence of the program and its availability is a desirable thing.<a href="
+"\"#f3\">(3)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Misalnya suatu program telah selesai dikembangkan, dan semua biaya telah "
+"dibayar; dan sekarang masyarakat harus memilih apakah program tersebut akan "
+"dibuat berpemilik atau dibuat bebas. Anggap bahwa keberadaan dan kemampuan "
+"program tersebut diinginkan oleh masyarakat <a href=\"#f3\">(3)</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program cannot "
+"facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can only be "
+"negative. But how much? And what kind?"
+msgstr ""
+"Pembatasan dalam pendistribusian dan pengubahan program tidak dapat "
+"mendukung kegunaannya. Batasan-batasan tersebut hanya mengganggu saja. Jadi "
+"dampaknya hanya negatif saja. Berapa besar dampak tersebut? Dan dampak "
+"seperti apa?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:"
+msgstr ""
+"Terdapat tiga tingkatan yang merugikan akibat batasan pada suatu program:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Fewer people use the program."
+msgstr "Semakin sedikit masyarakat yang memanfaatkan program tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "None of the users can adapt or fix the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Tidak ada pengguna program yang dapat beradaptasi atau memperbaiki program "
+"tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work on it."
+msgstr ""
+"Pengembang lain tidak dapat mempelajari program tersebut, atau mengembangkan "
+"program baru berdasarkan program tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial harm. "
+"This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their subsequent "
+"feelings, attitudes, and predispositions. These changes in people's ways of "
+"thinking will then have a further effect on their relationships with their "
+"fellow citizens, and can have material consequences."
+msgstr ""
+"Setiap tingkatan tersebut memiliki suatu bentuk hubungan yang serupa dengan "
+"gangguan psikososial. Gangguan psikososial ini berkenaan dengan pengaruh "
+"dimana keputusan-keputusan masyarakat selanjutnya akan memiliki rasa, "
+"perilaku, dan kecenderungannya masing-masing. Perubahan-perubahan ini akan "
+"berpengaruh pada cara masyarakat berpikir dalam hubungan mereka dengan "
+"masyarakat lainnya, dan dapat memiliki pokok selanjutnya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the program "
+"could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they waste nearly "
+"all the value of the program, then writing the program harms society by at "
+"most the effort that went into writing the program. Arguably a program that "
+"is profitable to sell must provide some net direct material benefit."
+msgstr ""
+"Ketiga tingkatan tersebut menyia-nyiakan sebagian dari nilai program yang "
+"dapat dikontribusikan, akan tetapi pokok-pokok tersebut tidak dapat "
+"melenyapkannya sampai nol. Apabila hal tersebut menyia-nyiakan hampir "
+"seluruh nilai dari program, maka menulis suatu program akan mengganggu "
+"masyarakat pada hampir seluruh dari usaha yang dikeluarkan untuk menulis "
+"program. Terjadi perdebatan bahwa suatu program akan menguntungkan untuk "
+"dijual bila program tersebut menyediakan beberapa jaringan yang mengatur "
+"keuntungan utama."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there is no "
+"limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagaimana pun juga, dengan memperhatikan bentuk gangguan psikososial, tidak "
+"ada batas pada gangguan yang dapat dilakukan oleh pengembangan perangkat "
+"lunak berpemilik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Obstructing Use of Programs"
+msgstr "Hambatan Dalam Penggunaan Program"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy of a "
+"program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing "
+"the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero price. A "
+"license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program. If a widely "
+"useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Tingkat gangguan pertama merintangi penggunaan sederhana dari sebuah "
+"program. Salinan sebuah program memiliki biaya marjinal yang nyaris nol (dan "
+"anda dapat membayar biaya ini dengan mengerjakan pekerjaan anda sendiri), "
+"jadi dalam pasar bebas, program tersebut memiliki harga yang mendekati nol. "
+"Biaya lisensi memberikan hambatan yang cukup besar dalam menggunakan program "
+"tersebut. Apabila ada program yang sebenarnya dapat sangat bermanfaat bila "
+"digunakan secara luas tetapi ternyata dibuat berpemilikan, maka hanya akan "
+"sedikit orang yang akan menggunakan program tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society is "
+"reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of the program, "
+"faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego use "
+"of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum transfer of "
+"wealth between two parties. But each time someone chooses to forego use of "
+"the program, this harms that person without benefiting anyone. The sum of "
+"negative numbers and zeros must be negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Sangatlah mudah, menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi suatu program dalam masyarakat "
+"akan berkurang bila program tersebut berpemilik. Setiap pengguna program "
+"yang potensial dihadapkan pada keharusan untuk membayar bila ingin "
+"menggunakan program. Ada yang memilih untuk membayar, ada juga yang memilih "
+"untuk tidak menggunakan program tersebut. Ketika seorang pengguna memilih "
+"untuk membayar, ini merupakan pemindahan sebesar nol dari kemakmuran antara "
+"dua pihak. Tapi terkadang seseorang memilih untuk tidak menggunakan program "
+"tersebut dan ini dapat mengganggu orang tersebut tanpa memberikan keuntungan "
+"apa pun bagi siapa pun. Jumlah dari angka negatif dengan nol pasti akan "
+"menghasilkan angka negatif."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to <em>develop</em> the "
+"program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in delivered "
+"user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun hal tersebut tidak akan mengurangi usaha yang dibutuhkan untuk "
+"mengembangkan suatu program. Sebagai hasilnya, efisiensi dari keseluruhan "
+"proses, dalam mencapai kepuasan pengguna per jam kerja, akan berkurang."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and cars, "
+"chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material objects "
+"outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy; anyone can "
+"produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little effort. This isn't "
+"true for material objects because matter is conserved: each new copy has to "
+"be built from raw materials in the same way that the first copy was built."
+msgstr ""
+"Ini merupakan perbedaan hakiki antara salinan sebuah program dengan mobil, "
+"kursi, atau roti. Hingga kin, belum ada mesin duplikasi seperti di film "
+"fiksi sains. Namun program sangatlah mudah untuk dibuat salinannya; siapa "
+"pun dapat membuat berapa pun jumlah salinan yang diinginkan, dengan usaha "
+"yang sangat kecil. Hal ini tidak berlaku untuk obyek material karena "
+"bahannya diawetkan, masing-masing salinan harus dibuat dari bahan-bahan "
+"mentah, sehingga pembuatannya sama saja dengan pembuatan pada waktu pertama "
+"kali."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense, because fewer "
+"objects bought means less raw material and work needed to make them. It's "
+"true that there is usually also a startup cost, a development cost, which is "
+"spread over the production run. But as long as the marginal cost of "
+"production is significant, adding a share of the development cost does not "
+"make a qualitative difference. And it does not require restrictions on the "
+"freedom of ordinary users."
+msgstr ""
+"Rintangan dalam penggunaan barang menjadi masuk akan karena makin sedikit "
+"bahan yang dibeli berarti makin sedikin bahan mentah dan usaha yang "
+"diperlukan untuk membuat barang-barang tersebut. Untuk penggandaan barang, "
+"cara yang sama tidak dapat dipakai, karena makin sedikit bahan yang dibeli "
+"berarti makin sedikin bahan mentah dan usaha yang diperlukan untuk membuat "
+"barang-barang tersebut. Memang benar bahwa tetap ada biaya awal, biaya "
+"pengembangan, yang muncul selama proses produksi. Tetapi selama biaya "
+"marjinal dari produksi tersebut signifikan, menambah bagian biaya "
+"pengembangan tidak akan menghasilkan perbedaan secara kualitatif. Dan juga "
+"tidak mensyaratkan batasan-batasan kebebasan dari pengguna-pengguna biasa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is a "
+"qualitative change. A centrally imposed fee for software distribution "
+"becomes a powerful disincentive."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagaimana pun juga, membebankan biaya pada sesuatu yang seharusnya dapat "
+"bebas merupakan perubahan secara kualitatif. Pembebanan biaya yang bersifat "
+"terpusat terhadap distribusi perangkat lunak menjadi suatu hambatan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even as a "
+"means of delivering copies of software. This system involves enclosing "
+"physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping large numbers of "
+"them around the world, and storing them for sale. This cost is presented as "
+"an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part of the waste caused by "
+"having owners."
+msgstr ""
+"Terlebih lagi, produksi terpusat yang berlaku dewasa ini sangatlah tidak "
+"efisien, bahkan sebagai cara untuk mengedarkan perangkat lunak. Sistem ini "
+"termasuk pengemasan piringan atau pita dalam kemasan yang berlebihan, yang "
+"kemudian dikirim dalam jumlah yang besar ke seluruh dunia, untuk disimpan "
+"serta kemudian dijual. Ini dianggap sebagai biaya dalam melakukan bisnis, "
+"namun nyatanya ini merupakan bagian dari pemborosan yang diakibatkan oleh "
+"adanya kepemilikan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Damaging Social Cohesion"
+msgstr "Merusak Hubungan Sosial"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a "
+"certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel that "
+"proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it. A "
+"proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while restraining the "
+"other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should find it acceptable."
+msgstr ""
+"Seandainya anda dan tetangga anda sependapat bahwa sebuah program tertentu "
+"itu bermanfaat. Secara etika bertetangga, anda seharusnya merasa bahwa "
+"penanganan situasi yang pantas memungkinkan anda berdua untuk "
+"menggunakannya. Bila sebuah proposal mengizinkan hanya salah satu dari anda "
+"untuk menggunakan program, sedangkan menolak yang lainnya, maka anda mau pun "
+"tetangga anda pasti tidak dapat menerimanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your neighbor: "
+"“I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that I can have a "
+"copy for myself.” People who make such choices feel internal "
+"psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the importance of "
+"helping one's neighbors—thus public spirit suffers. This is "
+"psychosocial harm associated with the material harm of discouraging use of "
+"the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Menandatangani sebuah ketentuan lisensi perangkat lunak pada umumnya "
+"merupakan pengkhianatan kepada tetangga anda: “Saya berjanji untuk "
+"mencabut hak penggunaan perangkat lunak tetangga saya, sehingga saya dapat "
+"memiliki salinannya untuk diri saya sendiri.” Orang yang memilih "
+"pilihan seperti itu mendapatkan tekanan psikologis dalam dirinya untuk "
+"membenarkan ketentuan tersebut, dengan menurunkan prioritas kepentingan "
+"untuk menolong tetangga mereka, sehingga jiwa masyarakat menderita. Hal ini "
+"adalah kerusakan psikososial yang terkait dengan penghambatan penggunaan "
+"program oleh orang lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so they "
+"decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway. But they "
+"often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must break the laws "
+"in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider the laws "
+"authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor (which they are) "
+"is naughty or shameful. That is also a kind of psychosocial harm, but one "
+"can escape it by deciding that these licenses and laws have no moral force."
+msgstr ""
+"Banyak pengguna yang secara tidak sadar menyadari kekeliruan dalam penolakan "
+"penggunaan bersama, sehingga mereka memutuskan untuk mengabaikan lisensi dan "
+"hukum, serta tetap berbagi program tersebut. Namun pada umumnya, mereka "
+"merasa bersalah dalam melakukan hal tersebut. Mereka sadar bahwa mereka "
+"harus melanggar hukum agar dapat menjadi tetangga yang baik, tetapi mereka "
+"masih tetap memandang otoritas hukum, dan mereka menyimpulkan bahwa menjadi "
+"tetangga yang baik (yang mana mereka memang seperti itu) adalah buruk dan "
+"memalukan. Hal tersebut juga tergolong dalam kerugian psikologis, seseorang "
+"yang dapat menghindarinya dengan menyatakan bahwa perijinan dan hukum tidak "
+"mempunyai kekuatan moral."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users will not "
+"be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of cynicism or "
+"denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the work that he finds "
+"technically exciting; then when asked, “Will I be permitted to use it?"
+"”, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no. To avoid feeling "
+"discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the time or adopts a "
+"cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of it."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pemrogram pun mengalami tekanan batin saat mengetahui bahwa akan banyak "
+"pengguna yang tidak akan diizinkan untuk menggunakan hasil karyanya. Hal ini "
+"mengakibatkan mereka bersikap sinis atau melakukan penolakan. Seorang "
+"pemrogram mungkin akan menguraikan secara antusias hasil karyanya yang "
+"secara teknis dianggapnya sangat menarik, namun jika ditanya “Apakah "
+"saya akan diizinkan untuk mempergunakannya?” dia akan menunduk, dan "
+"dia akan mengakuinya dengan menjawab tidak. Untuk menghindari merasa "
+"bersalah, entah ia akan selalu mengabaikan kenyataan atau bersikap sinis "
+"untuk mengurangi kepentingan tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States is not "
+"technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together for the "
+"public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the expense of "
+"the latter."
+msgstr ""
+"Sejak masa pemerintahan Reagan, ketakutan terbesar di Amerika Serikat "
+"bukanlah penemuan teknis, melainkan lebih kepada keinginan untuk bekerja "
+"sama untuk kepentingan orang banyak. Tidaklah masuk akal untuk menganjurkan "
+"penemuan teknis dengan mengorbankan kepentingan orang banyak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Obstructing Custom Adaptation of Programs"
+msgstr "Menghalangi Penyesuaian Program"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs. The "
+"ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over older "
+"technology. But most commercially available software isn't available for "
+"modification, even after you buy it. It's available for you to take it or "
+"leave it, as a black box—that is all."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah tingkat dua perihal kerugian materi ialah ketidaksanggupan "
+"mengadaptasi program. Kemudahan mengubah suatu perangkat lunak ialah suatu "
+"kelebihan utama dibandingkan teknologi aslinya. Namun sebagian besar "
+"perangkat lunak komersial yang tersedia tidak dapat dimodifikasi setelah "
+"dibeli. Perangkat lunak tersebut telah tersedia dan pilihan kita hanya "
+"membeli dan menggunakannya atau tidak sama sekali."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose meaning is "
+"obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily change the numbers "
+"to make the program do something different."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebuah program yang dapat kita jalankan sebenarnya terdiri atas sederet "
+"angka-angka yang maknanya tidak jelas. Tidak seorang pun, meski pun seorang "
+"pemrogram yang baik, mampu dengan mudah mengubah angka-angka tersebut agar "
+"program melakukan sesuatu yang berbeda."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a program, "
+"which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C. It uses "
+"names to designate the data being used and the parts of the program, and it "
+"represents operations with symbols such as ‘+’ for addition and "
+"‘-’ for subtraction. It is designed to help programmers read "
+"and change programs. Here is an example; a program to calculate the "
+"distance between two points in a plane:"
+msgstr ""
+"Para pemrogram pada umumnya bekerja dengan menggunakan “<i>source "
+"code</i>” yang ditulis dalam bahasa pemrograman seperti Fotran atau "
+"C. Kode program tersebut menggunakan penamaan untuk menunjukkan data yang "
+"digunakan dan bagian dari program, sementara operasi-operasi diwakili dengan "
+"simbol seperti ‘+’ untuk penambahan dan ‘-’ untuk "
+"pengurangan. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk membantu para pembuat program dalam "
+"membaca dan mengubah program. Di bawah ini adalah sebuah contoh program "
+"untuk menghitung jarak antara 2 titik pada pesawat terbang:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" float\n"
+" distance (p0, p1)\n"
+" struct point p0, p1;\n"
+" {\n"
+" float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n"
+" float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n"
+" return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n"
+" }\n"
+msgstr ""
+" float\n"
+" distance (p0, p1)\n"
+" struct point p0, p1;\n"
+" {\n"
+" float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n"
+" float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n"
+" return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n"
+" }\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Here-]{+Precisely what that source code means+} is {+not+} the {+point;
+# | the point is that it looks like algebra, and a person who knows this
+# | programming language will find it meaningful and clear. By contrast, here
+# | is+} same program in executable form, on the computer I normally [-use:-]
+# | {+used when I wrote this:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Here is the same program in executable form, on the computer I normally "
+#| "use:"
+msgid ""
+"Precisely what that source code means is not the point; the point is that it "
+"looks like algebra, and a person who knows this programming language will "
+"find it meaningful and clear. By contrast, here is same program in "
+"executable form, on the computer I normally used when I wrote this:"
+msgstr ""
+"Dan ini merupakan hasil dari program diatas, pada komputer yang biasa saya "
+"gunakan:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n"
+" 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n"
+" -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n"
+" 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n"
+" 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n"
+msgstr ""
+" 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n"
+" 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n"
+" -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n"
+" 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n"
+" 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a program. But "
+"most users are not allowed to have copies of the source code. Usually the "
+"source code for a proprietary program is kept secret by the owner, lest "
+"anybody else learn something from it. Users receive only the files of "
+"incomprehensible numbers that the computer will execute. This means that "
+"only the program's owner can change the program."
+msgstr ""
+"<i>Source code</i> sangat berguna (paling tidak secara potensial) untuk "
+"semua pengguna program. Namun sebagian besar para pengguna tidak diizinkan "
+"untuk memiliki salinan <i>source code</i> tersebut. Biasanya <i>source "
+"code</i> program berpemilik dijaga kerahasiaannya oleh pemiliknya, untuk "
+"menghindarkan seseorang mempelajarinya. Para pengguna hanya menerima berkas "
+"berupa deretan angka-angka yang dapat dijalankan. Ini berarti hanya pemilik "
+"program yang dapat melakukan perubahan terhadap program tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about six "
+"months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially "
+"available. She believed that if she could have gotten source code for that "
+"commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to their "
+"needs. The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted to—"
+"the source code was a secret. So she had to do six months of make-work, "
+"work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste."
+msgstr ""
+"Seorang teman pernah bercerita kepada saya, bahwa ia pernah bekerja sebagai "
+"pemrogram pada sebuah bank selama 6 bulan, menulis sebuah program yang "
+"serupa dengan program yang telah tersedia secara komersial. Ia yakin bahwa "
+"jika ia dapat memiliki <i>source code</i> dari program komersial itu, maka "
+"akan semakin mudah baginya untuk melakukan penyesuaian terhadap kebutuhan "
+"bank tersebut. Bank tempatnya bekerja bersedia untuk membayar <i>source "
+"code</i> tersebut tetapi si pemilik tidak mengizinkan karena merupakan "
+"sesuatu yang dirahasiakan. Jadi ia terpaksa menghabiskan 6 bulan untuk "
+"membuat program tersebut dan meski waktu kerjanya dihitung dalam GNP namun "
+"sebetulnya dapat dikatakan sebagai sesuatu yang sia-sia."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> "
+"Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a gift "
+"from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software to which we added many "
+"convenient features. For example, the software would notify a user "
+"immediately on completion of a print job. Whenever the printer had trouble, "
+"such as a paper jam or running out of paper, the software would immediately "
+"notify all users who had print jobs queued. These features facilitated "
+"smooth operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Laboratorium Kecerdasan Buatan (AI Lab) <abbr title=\"Massachusetts "
+"Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> menerima hibah sebuah pencetak grafik "
+"dari Xerox pada tahun 1977. Pencetak grafik tersebut dapat dijalankan dengan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas sehingga kami dapat menambahkan beberapa hal-hal "
+"khusus. Sebagai contoh, perangkat lunak dapat memberitahu pengguna setelah "
+"ia menyelesaikan pencetakan. Bila pencetak tersebut mempunyai masalah "
+"seperti kemacetan atau kekurangan kertas, perangkat lunak akan memberitahu "
+"semua pengguna yang sedang menunggu giliran mencetak. Fasilitas ini "
+"berjalan dengan baik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first laser "
+"printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a separate "
+"dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite features. We "
+"could arrange to send a notification when a print job was sent to the "
+"dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually printed (and the delay "
+"was usually considerable). There was no way to find out when the job was "
+"actually printed; you could only guess. And no one was informed when there "
+"was a paper jam, so the printer often went for an hour without being fixed."
+msgstr ""
+"Kemudian Xerox memberikan AI Lab sebuah pencetak yang lebih baru, lebih "
+"cepat dan merupakan salah satu dari pencetak laser pertama. Proses "
+"pencetakan dikendalikan oleh sebuah perangkat lunak berpemilik dan bekerja "
+"pada sebuah komputer khusus yang terpisah. Akibatnya AI Lab tidak dapat "
+"melakukan modifikasi terhadap perangkat lunak tersebut. Kami hanya dapat "
+"mengatur pengiriman pemberitahuan ketika sebuah pencetakan telah dikirim "
+"pada komputer yang dimaksud, namun tidak dimungkinkan bila sedang berada "
+"dalam proses pencetakan (ini memakan tenggang waktu yang cukup lama). Tidak "
+"ada mekanisme untuk mengetahui apakah sebuah pencetakan sedang dalam proses, "
+"kita hanya dapat menebak apa yang terjadi. Dan tidak ada mekanisme yang "
+"akan menginformasikan ketika terjadi kemacetan kertas. Jadi, sering kali "
+"pencetak tidak bekerja selama satu jam."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such problems, "
+"probably as capable as the original authors of the program. Xerox was "
+"uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we were forced to "
+"accept the problems. They were never fixed."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pemrogram sistem di lab AI mempunyai kemampuan untuk menanggulangi "
+"masalah ini, bahkan mungkin sehandal pemrogram aslinya. Namun Xerox tidak "
+"tertarik untuk memperbaikinya, dan mencegah kami menyelesaikan masalah itu. "
+"Jadi kami harus menerima apa adanya dan permasalahan itu tidak pernah "
+"diperbaiki."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank could "
+"afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from scratch, but a "
+"typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up."
+msgstr ""
+"Kejadian seperti ini seringkali dialami oleh para pemrogram yang baik. "
+"Sebuah bank dapat saja menyelesaikan permasalahan yang mereka hadapi dengan "
+"membuat program baru dari permulaan, tetapi seorang pengguna biasa yang "
+"tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk itu, hanya dapat menyerah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Giving up causes psychosocial harm—to the spirit of self-reliance. It "
+"is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange to suit your "
+"needs. It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can spread to "
+"affect other aspects of one's life. People who feel this way are unhappy "
+"and do not do good work."
+msgstr ""
+"Menyerah dapat menyebabkan kerusakan psikososial—-terhadap semangat "
+"pengandalan diri sendiri. Adalah suatu penurunan semangat bila kita hidup "
+"dalam sebuah rumah yang tidak dapat kita atur ulang sesuai kebutuhan. Dan "
+"pada akhirnya hal tersebut akan mengakibatkan suatu pengunduran diri dan "
+"keputusasan, yang akan berdampak pada aspek lainnya dalam hidup. Orang yang "
+"memiliki perasaan ini sangat tidak bahagia dan merasa tidak dapat berkarya "
+"maksimal."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same fashion as "
+"software. You might say, “How do I change this recipe to take out the "
+"salt?” and the great chef would respond, “How dare you insult my "
+"recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to tamper with it? "
+"You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and make it work right!"
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"Bayangkan bagaimana jika resep makanan diperlakukan dengan cara yang serupa "
+"dengan perangkat lunak. Mungkin kita akan berkata, “Bagaimana caranya "
+"mengubah masakan ini agar tanpa garam?” dan sang koki mungkin akan "
+"berkata, “Berani sekali kau menghina masakan saya, karya dan cita "
+"rasaku, dan merusaknya dengan melakukan itu? Kau tidak punya hak untuk "
+"mengubah resepku dan membuatnya sesuai keinginanmu!”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do? Will "
+"you take out the salt for me?”"
+msgstr ""
+"“Tetapi dokter saya mengatakan bahwa saya tidak seharusnya makan "
+"makanan yang bergaram! Apa yang dapat saya lakukan? Maukah anda mengurangi "
+"garamnya untuk saya?”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.” Since the "
+"owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large. “However, "
+"right now I don't have time. I am busy with a commission to design a new "
+"recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department. I might get around to "
+"you in about two years.”"
+msgstr ""
+"“Dengan senang hati akan saya lakukan, bayaran saya hanyalah $50.000."
+"” Dan bila seseorang mempunyai monopoli dalam modifikasi, bayarannya "
+"akan semakin mahal. “Namun, saat ini saya tidak mempunyai waktu. Saya "
+"sedang sibuk membuat sebuah resep baru berupa kue berbentuk kapal untuk "
+"Departemen Angkatan Laut. Aku mungkin akan membantumu sekitar 2 tahun lagi."
+"”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Obstructing Software Development"
+msgstr "Penghambatan Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The third level of material harm affects software development. Software "
+"development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would take an "
+"existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then "
+"another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, "
+"this continued over a period of twenty years. Meanwhile, parts of the "
+"program would be “cannibalized” to form the beginnings of other "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Masalah tingkat tiga perihal kerugian materi mempengaruhi pengembangan "
+"perangkat lunak. Sebelumnya, mengembangkan perangkat lunak merupakan proses "
+"yang berevolusi. Seseorang akan mempelajari sebuah program jadi serta "
+"menulis ulang beberapa fitur baru, lalu seseorang lain akan menulis ulang "
+"bagian lainnya: pada beberapa kasus, proses ini terus berlangsung dalam "
+"periode lebih dari dua puluh tahun. Sementara itu, bagian dari program "
+"tersebut akan dicopot untuk membentuk awal pengembangan suatu program lain."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it necessary "
+"to start from scratch when developing a program. It also prevents new "
+"practitioners from studying existing programs to learn useful techniques or "
+"even how large programs can be structured."
+msgstr ""
+"Keberadaan pemilik perangkat lunak menghalangi proses evolusi ini, sehingga "
+"seorang harus selalu memulai dari nol untuk mengembangkan suatu program. Hal "
+"ini juga mencegah para praktisi baru untuk mempelajari program yang telah "
+"ada tersebut untuk mencari teknik yang bermanfaat atau bahkan bagaimana "
+"suatu program besar dapat distrukturisasi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in computer "
+"science who have never seen the source code of a large program. They may be "
+"good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different "
+"skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it."
+msgstr ""
+"Pemilik pun menghambat proses pendidikan. Saya telah bertemu dengan banyak "
+"siswa cemerlang dalam ilmu komputer yang tidak pernah melihat <i>source "
+"code</i> dari sebuah program besar. Mereka mungkin mampu menulis program "
+"kecil dengan baik, namun mereka tidak dapat mulai mempelajari keahlian yang "
+"berbeda dalam menulis program yang besar jika mereka tidak dapat melihat "
+"bagaimana orang lain melakukannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on the "
+"shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the "
+"software field—you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people "
+"<em>in your own company</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dalam bidang ilmu apa pun, seseorang akan mencapai puncak yang lebih dengan "
+"berdiri di atas bahu orang lain. Tetapi hal tersebut secara umum tidak "
+"dapat berlaku dalam bidang perangkat lunak—anda hanya dapat berdiri di "
+"atas bahu orang lain yang berada dalam <em>perusahaan yang sama</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific "
+"cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate even "
+"when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese oceanographers "
+"abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully preserved their "
+"work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note asking them to take good "
+"care of it."
+msgstr ""
+"Kerusakan psikososial tersebut mempengaruhi semangat kerja sama ilmiah, yang "
+"biasanya begitu kuat sehingga para ilmuwan dapat bekerja sama walaupun "
+"negara mereka sedang dalam keadaan perang. Dengan semangat ini, para ahli "
+"kelautan Jepang meninggalkan laboratorium mereka pada sebuah pulau di lautan "
+"Pasifik dengan seksama meninggalkan pekerjaan mereka secara utuh sebelum "
+"diserbu para marinir Amerika Serikat, serta meninggalkan sebuah catatan yang "
+"meminta mereka untuk menjaganya dengan baik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared. "
+"Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers to "
+"enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough to let "
+"readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is certainly true in "
+"computer science, where the source code for the programs reported on is "
+"usually secret."
+msgstr ""
+"Pertentangan kepentingan untuk memperoleh keuntungan telah menghancurkan apa "
+"terselamatkan dalam konflik internasional. Dewasa ini para ilmuwan pada "
+"kebanyakan bidang tidak mempublikasikan pekerjaan mereka sehingga cukup bagi "
+"orang lain untuk mengulangi percobaan mereka. Mereka hanya mempublikasi "
+"pekerjaan mereka sehingga cukup bagi para pembaca untuk mengagumi seberapa "
+"banyak yang telah dapat mereka lakukan. Hal ini benar secara pasti dalam "
+"ilmu komputer, di mana <i>source code</i> untuk program yang dilaporkan "
+"biasanya bersifat rahasia."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted"
+msgstr "Takada Bedanya Bagaimana Berbagi Dibatasi"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying, "
+"changing, and building on a program. I have not specified how this "
+"obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion. "
+"Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or "
+"encryption, or <acronym title=\"Read-only Memory\">ROM</acronym> cards, or "
+"hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in preventing use, it does "
+"harm."
+msgstr ""
+"Saya telah membahas dampak dari mencegah seseorang untuk menyalin, mengubah, "
+"serta membuat sebuah program. Saya belum menjabarkan bagaimana hambatan ini "
+"terjadi, karena hal tersebut tidak akan mempengaruhi kesimpulannya. Apakah "
+"hal tersebut dilakukan oleh proteksi penyalinan, atau hakcipta, atau "
+"lisensi, atau enkripsi, atau kartu-kartu <acronym title=\"Read-only Memory"
+"\">ROM</acronym>, atau nomor seri perangkat keras; jika hal tersebut "
+"berhasil menghalangi penggunaan, maka hal tersebut dinyatakan merusak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others. I "
+"suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their "
+"objective."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pengguna tentu saja menganggap ada dari cara tersebut lebih tidak "
+"menyebalkan daripada cara lainnya. Saya berpendapat bahwa metode-metode yang "
+"paling tidak disukai tersebut adalah metode yang paling mencapai sasaran "
+"mereka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Software Should be Free"
+msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Seharusnya Bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have shown how ownership of a program—the power to restrict changing "
+"or copying it—is obstructive. Its negative effects are widespread and "
+"important. It follows that society shouldn't have owners for programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Saya telah menunjukkan bagaimana kepemilikan sebuah program—kekuasaan "
+"untuk membatasi pengubahan atau penyalinannya— akan merusak. Dampak "
+"negatifnya tersebar luas dan penting. Hal ini mengakibatkan dalam masyarakat "
+"seharusnya tidak terdapat pemilik program."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free software, "
+"and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging the substitute "
+"is not a rational way to get what we need."
+msgstr ""
+"Cara lain untuk memahami bahwa masyarakat membutuhkan perangkat lunak bebas, "
+"dan bahwa perangkat lunak berpemilik merupakan pengganti yang buruk. "
+"Menganjurkan pengganti tersebut bukanlah cara yang masuk akal untuk "
+"mendapatkan apa yang kita butuhkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Vaclav Havel has advised us to “Work for something because it is good, "
+"not just because it stands a chance to succeed.” A business making "
+"proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow terms, but "
+"it is not what is good for society."
+msgstr ""
+"Valvac Havel telah menasehati kita untuk “Kerjakanlah sesuatu karena "
+"kebaikan, bukan hanya karena ada kesempatan berhasil.” Bisnis membuat "
+"suatu perangkat lunak berpemilik berkesempatan untuk berhasil dalam "
+"pandangan mereka yang sempit, tetapi bukan dalam yang baik untuk masyarakat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Why People Will Develop Software"
+msgstr "Alasan Mengapa Orang Mengembangkan Perangkat Lunak"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If we eliminate [-intellectual property-] {+copyright+} as a means of
+# | encouraging people to develop software, at first less software will be
+# | developed, but that software will be more useful. It is not clear whether
+# | the overall delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if
+# | we wish to increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage
+# | development, just as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money for
+# | streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I want to
+# | question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we eliminate intellectual property as a means of encouraging people to "
+#| "develop software, at first less software will be developed, but that "
+#| "software will be more useful. It is not clear whether the overall "
+#| "delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to "
+#| "increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage development, just "
+#| "as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money for streets. Before "
+#| "I talk about how that can be done, first I want to question how much "
+#| "artificial encouragement is truly necessary."
+msgid ""
+"If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging people to develop "
+"software, at first less software will be developed, but that software will "
+"be more useful. It is not clear whether the overall delivered user "
+"satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to increase it "
+"anyway, there are other ways to encourage development, just as there are "
+"ways besides toll booths to raise money for streets. Before I talk about how "
+"that can be done, first I want to question how much artificial encouragement "
+"is truly necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika kita menghilangkan HaKI sebagai suatu cara untuk mendorong pengembangan "
+"perangkat lunak, maka pertama-tama pengembangan perangkat lunak semakin "
+"sedikit, tetapi perangkat lunak tersebut akan lebih berguna. Belum dapat "
+"dipastikan apakah kepuasan pemakai terhadap perangkat lunak tersebut akan "
+"berkurang atau tidak; tetapi jika ternyata memang demikian, atau jika kita "
+"ingin meningkatkannya, ada cara-cara lain untuk mendorong pengembangan, "
+"seperti halnya ada banyak cara untuk mengumpulkan uang untuk jalanan, selain "
+"melalui gerbang tol. Sebelum saya membicarakan bagaimana hal ini dapat "
+"dilakukan, pertama-tama saya akan mempertanyakan seberapa besar dorongan "
+"buatan yang benar-benar dibutuhkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Programming is Fun"
+msgstr "Memogram Itu Menyenangkan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money; road "
+"construction, for example. There are other fields of study and art in which "
+"there is little chance to become rich, which people enter for their "
+"fascination or their perceived value to society. Examples include "
+"mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and political "
+"organizing among working people. People compete, more sadly than bitterly, "
+"for the few funded positions available, none of which is funded very well. "
+"They may even pay for the chance to work in the field, if they can afford to."
+msgstr ""
+"Ada beberapa hal dari suatu pekerjaan dimana hanya sedikit orang mau "
+"terlibat di dalamnya kecuali untuk uang; misalnya pembangunan jalan. Ada "
+"bidang studi dan seni lain dimana kesempatan untuk menjadi kaya sangat "
+"kecil, di mana orang menggelutinya untuk kesenangan atau merasakan nilai di "
+"masyarakat. Contohnya logika matematika, musik klasik, dan arkeologi; dan "
+"pengorganisasian politik di antara para pekerja. Orang-orang akan bersaing, "
+"lebih menyedihkan daripada sesuatu yang pahit, untuk berebut sedikit posisi "
+"jabatan yang ada, yang sebetulnya dengan bayaran yang kurang layak. Mereka "
+"bahkan membayar untuk mendapat kesempatan bekerja di suatu bidang tertentu, "
+"jika mampu melakukannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the "
+"possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand the "
+"same opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing what "
+"they used to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by, everyone "
+"connected with the field will deride the idea that work would be done in the "
+"field without large financial returns. They will advise social planners to "
+"ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing special privileges, "
+"powers, and monopolies as necessary to do so."
+msgstr ""
+"Keadaan seperti tersebut di atas dapat berubah dalam seketika jika bidang "
+"tersebut mulai menjanjikan kesempatan untuk kaya. Ketika seorang pekerja "
+"menjadi kaya, orang lain akan menginginkan kesempatan yang sama. Tak lama "
+"kemudian, semua orang mungkin akan meminta imbalan uang yang besar untuk "
+"melakukan hal yang biasanya dilakukan untuk kesenangan. Pada saat beberapa "
+"tahun kemudian, semua orang yang berhubungan dengan bidang tersebut akan "
+"mencemooh ide di mana pekerjaan akan diselesaikan tanpa adanya imbalan uang "
+"yang besar. Mereka akan menyarankan para legislatur untuk memastikan bahwa "
+"imbalan seperti itu memungkinkan adanya hak istimewa khusus, wewenang dan "
+"monopoli yang penting untuk dimiliki dalam melakukan pekerjaan tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This change happened in the field of computer programming in the [-past
+# | decade. Fifteen years ago,-] {+1980s. In the 1970s,+} there were
+# | articles on “computer addiction”: users were
+# | “onlining” and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was
+# | generally understood that people frequently loved programming enough to
+# | break up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one
+# | would program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what
+# | they knew [-fifteen years ago.-] {+back then.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This change happened in the field of computer programming in the past "
+#| "decade. Fifteen years ago, there were articles on “computer "
+#| "addiction”: users were “onlining” and had hundred-"
+#| "dollar-a-week habits. It was generally understood that people frequently "
+#| "loved programming enough to break up their marriages. Today, it is "
+#| "generally understood that no one would program except for a high rate of "
+#| "pay. People have forgotten what they knew fifteen years ago."
+msgid ""
+"This change happened in the field of computer programming in the 1980s. In "
+"the 1970s, there were articles on “computer addiction”: users "
+"were “onlining” and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was "
+"generally understood that people frequently loved programming enough to "
+"break up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one "
+"would program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what they "
+"knew back then."
+msgstr ""
+"Perubahan ini terjadi pada bidang pemrograman komputer pada dasawarsa yang "
+"masa lalu. Lima belas tahun yang lalu, terdapat suatu artikel tentang “"
+"kecanduan komputer” (<em>Computer Addiction</em>): para pengguna "
+"sedang “<i>onlining</i>” dengan biaya sekitar seratus-dollar-se-"
+"minggu. Secara umum juga dipahami bahwa kecinta ini sering memicu keretakan "
+"pernikahan. Dewasa ini, umumnya dapat dipahami tidak ada seorang pun yang "
+"ingin membuat program kecuali dibayar mahal. Orang-orang telah melupakan "
+"apa yang mereka ketahui 15 tahun yang lalu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a certain "
+"field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic of change can "
+"run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we take away the "
+"possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the people have "
+"readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager to work in the "
+"field for the joy of accomplishment."
+msgstr ""
+"Walau pun benar bahwa suatu saat kebanyakan orang akan bekerja pada sesuatu "
+"bidang yang dengan bayaran tinggi, tidaklah berarti bahwa harus benar selama-"
+"lamanya. Perubahan dinamis berbalik, jika masyarakat memberikan suatu "
+"dorongan. Jika kita mengambil kesempatan untuk menjadi makmur yang "
+"berlebihan, sesaat kemudian, ketika orang baru saja menata tingkah lakunya "
+"kembali, mereka sekali lagi akan memiliki hasrat bekerja untuk mendapatkan "
+"suatu kesenangan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The question “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an easier "
+"question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a fortune. A "
+"mere living is easier to raise."
+msgstr ""
+"Lalu pertanyaan “Bagaimana kita dapat membayar para pemrogram?” "
+"akan menjadi suatu soal yang lebih mudah ketika kita menyadari bahwa "
+"masalahnya bukan membayar tinggi. Kehidupan yang biasa saja lebih mudah "
+"untuk dipelihara."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Funding Free Software"
+msgstr "Membiayai perangkat lunak bebas"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses. Many "
+"other institutions already exist that can do this."
+msgstr ""
+"Institusi-institusi yang memperkerjakan pemrogram tidaklah harus sebuah "
+"perusahaan perangkat lunak. Banyak institusi yang ada dapat melakukan hal "
+"ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software development "
+"even if they cannot control the use of the software. In 1970, much of their "
+"software was free because they did not consider restricting it. Today, their "
+"increasing willingness to join consortiums shows their realization that "
+"owning the software is not what is really important for them."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pembuat perangkat keras berpendapat bahwa mendukung pengembangan "
+"perangkat lunak sangatlah penting walau pun mereka tidak dapat mengendalikan "
+"penggunaan dari perangkat lunak. Pada tahun 1970, kebanyakan dari perangkat "
+"lunak yang mereka miliki bebas karena mereka tidak berpikiran untuk "
+"membatasinya. Sekarang, mereka meningkatkan keinginan untuk mengikuti "
+"konsorsium yang menunjukkan kesadaran mereka bahwa memiliki perangkat lunak "
+"tidak begitu penting untuk mereka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Universities conduct many programming projects. Today they often sell the "
+"results, but in the 1970s they did not. Is there any doubt that "
+"universities would develop free software if they were not allowed to sell "
+"software? These projects could be supported by the same government contracts "
+"and grants that now support proprietary software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Kalangan Universitas terlibat dalam banyak proyek pemrograman. Dewasa ini, "
+"mereka sering menjual hasilnya, namun pada tahun 1970 hal itu tidak "
+"dilakukannya. Apakah ada keraguan bahwa unversitas akan mengembangkan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas jika mereka tidak memperbolehkan untuk menjual "
+"perangkat lunak? Padahal kegiatan tersebut didanai dari kontrak/ hibah "
+"pemerintah yang sama dengan sumber dana pengembangan perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is common today for university researchers to get grants to develop a "
+"system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call that “"
+"finished”, and then start companies where they really finish the "
+"project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare the unfinished version "
+"“free”; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead get an "
+"exclusive license from the university. This is not a secret; it is openly "
+"admitted by everyone concerned. Yet if the researchers were not exposed to "
+"the temptation to do these things, they would still do their research."
+msgstr ""
+"Telah menjadi umum dewasa ini bahwa para peneliti di universitas mendapatkan "
+"hibah pengembangan sistem yang dikerjakan hingga hampir rampung, lalu "
+"dianggap “selesai”. Kemudian mereka mendirikan sebuah "
+"perusahaan untuk menyelesaikan proyek tersebut dan hingga menjadi sesuatu "
+"yang berguna. Terkadang mereka menyatakan versi yang belum selesai “"
+"bebas”; dan jika mereka benar-benar berniat tidak baik, mereka malahan "
+"meminta lisensi ekslusif dari pihak universitas. Ini bukanlah suatu rahasia, "
+"hal ini diakui secara terbuka oleh semua orang yang berkepentingan. Padahal "
+"jika para peneliti tidak berhadapan dengan godaan ini, mereka akan tetap "
+"melakukan penelitian."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling services "
+"related to the software. I have been hired to port the <a href=\"/software/"
+"gcc/\">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and to make user-interface "
+"extensions to <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU Emacs</a>. (I offer these "
+"improvements to the public once they are done.) I also teach classes for "
+"which I am paid."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pemrogram penulis perangkat lunak bebas dapat memperoleh nafkah "
+"berjualan jasa yang masih berhubungan dengan perangkat lunak. Saya pernah "
+"diperkerjakan untuk <i>port</i> <a href=\"/software/gcc/\">Kompiler GNU C</"
+"a> pada perangkat keras baru, serta pengembangkan eksntensi antarmuka "
+"pengguna pada <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU Emacs</a> (Saya akan "
+"memberikan hasil ini kepada khalayak umum, jika pekerjaan tersebut rampung). "
+"Saya juga mengajar beberapa kelas dengan mendapatkan bayaran."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing "
+"corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other companies also "
+"provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system. This is "
+"the beginning of the independent software support industry—an industry "
+"that could become quite large if free software becomes prevalent. It "
+"provides users with an option generally unavailable for proprietary "
+"software, except to the very wealthy."
+msgstr ""
+"Saya tidak sendirian dalam pekerjaan semacam ini; sekarang yang ada sebuah "
+"perusahaan sukses yang terus berkembang dengan hanya mengerjakan hal seperti "
+"ini. Banyak perusahaan lain yang juga menyediakan dukungan komersial untuk "
+"perangkat lunak bebas sistem GNU. Ini merupakan awal dari industri pendukung "
+"perangkat lunak bebas, sebuah industri yang dapat menjadi besar jika "
+"perangkat lunak bebas menjadi hal yang lazim. GNU memberikan para pengguna "
+"sebuah pilihan yang umumnya tidak didapatkan pada perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik, kecuali jika sangat kaya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software
+# | Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's funds
+# | come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes
+# | is free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and change
+# | it, but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that “free
+# | software” refers to freedom, not to price.) Some users [-order
+# | tapes-] who already have a [-copy,-] {+copy order tapes+} as a way of
+# | making a contribution they feel we deserve. The Foundation also receives
+# | sizable donations from computer manufacturers.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software "
+#| "Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's funds "
+#| "come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes "
+#| "is free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and "
+#| "change it, but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that “"
+#| "free software” refers to freedom, not to price.) Some users order "
+#| "tapes who already have a copy, as a way of making a contribution they "
+#| "feel we deserve. The Foundation also receives sizable donations from "
+#| "computer manufacturers."
+msgid ""
+"New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software "
+"Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's funds "
+"come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes is "
+"free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and change it, "
+"but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that “free "
+"software” refers to freedom, not to price.) Some users who already "
+"have a copy order tapes as a way of making a contribution they feel we "
+"deserve. The Foundation also receives sizable donations from computer "
+"manufacturers."
+msgstr ""
+"Institusi-institusi baru seperti <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software "
+"Foundation</a> (FSF, Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas) juga mendanai para "
+"pemrogram. Kebanyakan dana dari para pengguna yang membeli perangkat lunak "
+"melalui pos. Perangkat lunak tersebut bebas, yang berarti semua pengguna "
+"mempunyai kebebasan untuk menyalin dan merubahnya, ternyata banyak yang "
+"membayar untuk mendapatkan salinannya (Mengingat bahwa “perangkat "
+"lunak bebas” merujuk ke kebebasan bukan pada harga). Beberapa pengguna "
+"memesan <i>tape</i> yang sudah ada salinannya, sebagai cara untuk membuat "
+"kontribusi yang mereka rasa bahwa kita patut mendapatkannya. Yayasan juga "
+"menerima dana yang cukup besar dari pabrik/ pembuat komputer."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on hiring "
+"as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a business, "
+"distributing the same free software to the public for the same fee, it would "
+"now provide a very good living for its founder."
+msgstr ""
+"<i>Free Software Foundation</i> merupakan sebuah organisasi nirlaba, dan "
+"pendapatannya digunakan untuk memperkerjakan sebanyak mungkin para "
+"pemrogram. Jika semua ini dipersiapkan sebagai sebuah bisnis, menyalurkan "
+"perangkat lunak bebas yang sama pada masyarakat umum dengan biaya yang sama, "
+"hal ini akan memberikan kehidupan yang bagus untuk pendirinya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the "
+"Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this because "
+"we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction in knowing "
+"that their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of all, they do it "
+"because programming is fun. In addition, volunteers have written many "
+"useful programs for us. (Even technical writers have begun to volunteer.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Karena yayasan ini nirlaba, para pemrogram sering bekerja untuk yayasan "
+"dengan upah setengah dari apa yang mereka dapat kerjakan di tempat lain. "
+"Mereka melakukan ini karena kita bebas dari birokrasi, dan karena mereka "
+"merasa puas dengan mengetahui bahwa pekerjaan mereka tidak akan dihalangi "
+"dari pemakaiannya. Kebanyakan mereka melakukannya karena memrogram "
+"menyenangkan. Sebagai tambahan, para sukarelawan telah menulis banyak "
+"program yang berguna untuk kita (bahkan para penulis teknis telah mulai "
+"untuk bersuka rela)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all fields, "
+"along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one will want to "
+"program."
+msgstr ""
+"Ini menegaskan bahwa memrogram merupakan bidang yang sangat mempersona, "
+"bersama-sama dengan bidang seperti musik dan seni. Kita tidak harus takut "
+"bahwa tidak akan ada yang ingin memrogram."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "What Do Users Owe to Developers?"
+msgstr "Apa Kewajiban Para Pengguna Terhadap Para Pengembang?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral obligation to "
+"contribute to its support. Developers of free software are contributing to "
+"the users' activities, and it is both fair and in the long-term interest of "
+"the users to give them funds to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Terdapat alasan kuat bagi para pengguna perangkat lunak merasakan sebuah "
+"kewajiban moral untuk mendukung perangkat tersebut. Para pengembang "
+"perangkat lunak bebas membantu kegiatan para pengguna, hingga cukup adil "
+"jika para pengguna memberi dana kepada para pengembang demi kesinambungannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers, since "
+"obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward."
+msgstr ""
+"Bagaimana pun, hal ini tidak berlaku pada pengembang software berpemilik, "
+"karena menghalangi lebih patut mendapatkan hukuman daripada penghargaan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled to the "
+"support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral obligation into a "
+"requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A developer can either "
+"deserve a reward or demand it, but not both."
+msgstr ""
+"Dengan demikina, kita mempunyai paradox: para pengembang perangkat lunak "
+"yang bermanfaat berhak mendapatkan dukungan dari para pengguna, namun usaha "
+"apa pun untuk mengubah kewajiban moral ini menjadi keharusan merusak dasar "
+"dari kewajiban sebelumnya. Para pengembang hanya dapat memiliki pilihan "
+"antara “layak mendapatkan” atau “mengharapkan "
+"penghargaan”, namun tidak keduanya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act so as "
+"to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for voluntary "
+"donations. Eventually the users will learn to support developers without "
+"coercion, just as they have learned to support public radio and television "
+"stations."
+msgstr ""
+"Saya yakin bahwa pengembang yang beradab menghadapi paradox ini dengan "
+"berperilaku sehingga merasa layak mendapatkan penghargaan, namun penghargaan "
+"tersebut dikeluarkan secara sukarela oleh para pengguna. Pada akhirnya "
+"pengguna akan belajar mendukung pengembang tanpa paksaan, sama seperti "
+"mereka belajar untuk mendukung radio umum dan stasiun TV."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "What Is Software Productivity?"
+msgstr "Apakah Produktivitas Perangkat Lunak?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps fewer "
+"of them. Would this be bad for society?"
+msgstr ""
+"Jika semua perangkat lunak bebas, para pemrogram akan tetap ada, namun "
+"mungkin lebih sedikit. Akankah hal ini berdampak buruk bagi masyarakat?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than in "
+"1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few deliver "
+"more food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call this improved "
+"productivity. Free software would require far fewer programmers to satisfy "
+"the demand, because of increased software productivity at all levels:"
+msgstr ""
+"Belum tentu. Dewasa ini di negara maju terdapat lebih sedikit petani "
+"dibandingkan tahun 1900, namun kita tidak menganggap hal ini buruk bagi "
+"masyarakat, karena yang sedikit ini memberikan makanan lebih banyak kepada "
+"konsumen dibandingkan yang banyak pada dahulu. Inilah yang kita sebut "
+"peningkatan produktivitas. Perangkat lunak bebas akan memerlukan programmer "
+"lebih sedikit untuk memenuhi permintaan karena peningkatan produktivitas "
+"perangkat lunak pada semua bidang:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Wider use of each program that is developed."
+msgstr "Penggunaan yang lebih luas pada program yang dikembangkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead of starting "
+"from scratch."
+msgstr ""
+"Kemampuan untuk mengadaptasi program yang ada untuk diubah dibandingkan "
+"memulai dari awal."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Better education of programmers."
+msgstr "Pendidikan lebih baik dari programmer."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "The elimination of duplicate development effort."
+msgstr "Eliminasi duplikasi usaha pengembangan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Those who object to cooperation [-because-] {+claiming+} it would result
+# | in the employment of fewer programmers[-,-] are actually objecting to
+# | increased productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely held
+# | belief that the software industry needs increased productivity. How is
+# | this?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Those who object to cooperation because it would result in the employment "
+#| "of fewer programmers, are actually objecting to increased productivity. "
+#| "Yet these people usually accept the widely held belief that the software "
+#| "industry needs increased productivity. How is this?"
+msgid ""
+"Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the employment "
+"of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased productivity. Yet "
+"these people usually accept the widely held belief that the software "
+"industry needs increased productivity. How is this?"
+msgstr ""
+"Mereka yang menolak untuk bekerja sama karana akan menyebabkan pekerjaan "
+"programmer lebih sedikit, sebenarnya menolak meningkatkan produktivitas. Dan "
+"sampai sekarang orang-orang ini menerima keyakinan publik bahwa industri "
+"software memerlukan peningkatan produktivitas. Bagaimana ini?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Software productivity” can mean two different things: the "
+"overall productivity of all software development, or the productivity of "
+"individual projects. Overall productivity is what society would like to "
+"improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the "
+"artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it. But researchers who "
+"study the field of “software productivity” focus only on the "
+"second, limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult "
+"technological advances."
+msgstr ""
+"“Produktivitas Perangkat Lunak” dapat berarti dua hal yang "
+"berbeda: keseluruhan produktivitas semua pengembangan perangkat lunak, atau "
+"produktivitas dari proyek individu. Secara keseluruhan produktivitas ialah "
+"apa yang masyarakat ingin tingkatkan, dan cara langsung untuk ini adalah "
+"mengurangi rintangan buatan untuk bekerjasama. Namun para peneliti yang "
+"mempelajari bidang “produktivitas perangkat lunak” hanya "
+"memfokuskan pada bagian kedua secara terbatas terbatas, dimana peningkatan "
+"memerlukan teknologi canggih yang sulit"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Is Competition Inevitable?"
+msgstr "Apakah Persaingan Tidak Dapat Dihindari?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their rivals in "
+"society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not harmful; the harmful "
+"thing is <em>combat</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Apakah tidak dapat dihindari bahwa orang akan mencoba untuk bersaing, untuk "
+"mengungguli lawan mereka dalam masyarakat? Mungkin betul. Namun kompetisi "
+"itu sendiri tidak berbahaya; yang berbahaya sebetulnya <em>perseteruan</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying to "
+"achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in the old "
+"days, there was competition among programming wizards—competition for "
+"who could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who could make "
+"the shortest or fastest program for a given task. This kind of competition "
+"can benefit everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship "
+"is maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Ada berbagai cara untuk bersaing. Persaingan dapat berupa mencoba meraih "
+"lebih, melebihi apa yang telah dilakukan yang lain. Sebagai contoh, dahulu "
+"ada perlombaan antara para jago pemrogram—perlombaan membuat komputer "
+"melakukan hal mengagumkan, atau yang dapat membuat program terpendek atau "
+"tercepat untuk suatu tugas. Perlombaan seperti itu akan berguna untuk "
+"semua, <em>selama</em> sportifitas tetap dijaga."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to great "
+"efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have visited "
+"all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to do this. But "
+"they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on desert islands. "
+"They are content to let the best person win."
+msgstr ""
+"Persaingan yang membangun akan cukup untuk mendorong orang untuk memberikan "
+"kemampuan terbaiknya. Sejumlah orang berlompa untuk menjadi pertama yang "
+"mengunjungi semua negara di bumi; bahkan beberapa menghabiskan banyak uang "
+"untuk ini. Tetapi mereka tidak menyuap kapten kapal untuk menterlantarkan "
+"saingan mereka ke pulau terpencil. Mereka membiarkan yang terbaik yang "
+"menang."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede each "
+"other instead of advancing themselves—when “Let the best person "
+"win” gives way to “Let me win, best or not.” Proprietary "
+"software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, but because it "
+"is a form of combat among the citizens of our society."
+msgstr ""
+"Persaingan menjadi perseteruan ketika para pelaku mulai saling menghambat "
+"dari pada berusaha meningkatkan kemampuan diri sendiri —yaitu ketika "
+"“Biarkan yang terbaik menang” menjadi “Biarkan saya "
+"menang, terbaik atau pun tidak”. Perangkat lunak berpemilik merupakan "
+"sesuatu yang berbahaya, bukan karena ini merupakan bentuk persaingan, namun "
+"karena ia merupakan bentuk perseteruan diantara warga dalam masyarakat kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when two "
+"grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own "
+"operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a "
+"special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for "
+"combat in this line of business short of physical violence. Not all areas "
+"of business share this characteristic. Withholding information that could "
+"help everyone advance is a form of combat."
+msgstr ""
+"Persaingan dalam bisnis belum tentu merupakan perseteruan. Sebagai contoh, "
+"ketika dua toko grosir bersaing, upaya mereka sepenuhnya untuk meningkatkan "
+"usaha mereka, bukan untuk mensabotase saingan mereka. Tetapi ini tidak "
+"menunjukkan komitmen khusus pada etika berbisnis; sebaliknya ada sedikit "
+"ruang perseteruan dalam bisnis yang mempunyai sedikit kekerasan fisik. Tidak "
+"semua area bisnis mempunyai karakter ini. Menyembunyikan informasi yang "
+"dapat membantu kemajuan orang adalah salah satu bentuk dari persiteruan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to combat "
+"the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with antitrust laws, "
+"truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than generalizing this to a "
+"principled rejection of combat in general, executives invent other forms of "
+"combat which are not specifically prohibited. Society's resources are "
+"squandered on the economic equivalent of factional civil war."
+msgstr ""
+"Ideologi bisnis tidak menyiapkan orang untuk menolak godaan untuk berseteru "
+"saat bersaing. Beberapa bentuk perseteruan telah dilarang dengan hukum anti-"
+"monopoli. hukum kejujuran beriklan, dan sebagainya. Namun bukannya "
+"diperluas dengan melarang semua bentuk perseteruan, para eksekutif justru "
+"menciptakan bentuk-bentuk lain dari perseteruan yang tidak dilarang secara "
+"khusus. Sumber daya dalam masyarakat telah dihabiskan dengan sia-sia dalam "
+"penyama-rataan ekonomi dari perang saudara dari golongan masyarakat tertentu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”"
+msgstr "“Kenapa Tidak Pindah Saja ke Rusia?”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme form of "
+"laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For example, it "
+"is leveled against the supporters of a national health care system, such as "
+"is found in all the other industrialized nations of the free world. It is "
+"leveled against the advocates of public support for the arts, also universal "
+"in advanced nations. The idea that citizens have any obligation to the "
+"public good is identified in America with Communism. But how similar are "
+"these ideas?"
+msgstr ""
+"Di Amrik, setiap pendukung dari selain bentuk yang paling ekstrim dari "
+"toleransi keegoisan telah sering mendengar tuduhan ini. Sebagai contoh, "
+"dituduhkan kepada para pendukung dari sistem kesehatan nasional, seperti "
+"yang ditemukan di negara industri lain di bebas dunia ini. Tuduhan ini juga "
+"dilontarkan untuk menentang para pendukung dari masyarakat pendukung seni, "
+"juga hal yang universal dalam negara maju. Ide bahwa para warga negara "
+"memiliki kewajiban terhadap kebaikan masyarakat diidentifikasikan di Amrik "
+"dengan komunisme. Namun, seberapa miripkah ide-ide tersebut?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of central "
+"control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the common good, "
+"but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist party. And where "
+"copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"Pelaksanan komunisme di Uni Soviet merupakan sebuah sistem pengendalian "
+"terpusat dengan semua kegiatan diatur demi kepentingan bersama—pada "
+"kenyataannya, untuk kepentingan anggota partai komunis. Dan peralatan foto-"
+"kopi dijaga sangat ketat untuk menghindari penyalinan tidak sah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The American system of [-intellectual property-] {+software copyright+}
+# | exercises central control over distribution of a program, and guards
+# | copying equipment with automatic copying[- -]{+-+}protection schemes to
+# | prevent illegal copying.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The American system of intellectual property exercises central control "
+#| "over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with "
+#| "automatic copying protection schemes to prevent illegal copying."
+msgid ""
+"The American system of software copyright exercises central control over "
+"distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with automatic "
+"copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"SIstem HaKI Amrik menerapkan pengendalian terpusat untuk penyebaran program, "
+"serta mengawasi skema perlindungan peralatan penyalin untuk mencegah "
+"penyalinan yang tidak sah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to
+# | decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, and
+# | free to alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily lives.
+# | A system based on voluntary cooperation and {+on+} decentralization.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to "
+#| "decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, "
+#| "and free to alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily "
+#| "lives. A system based on voluntary cooperation and decentralization."
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to decide "
+"their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, and free to "
+"alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily lives. A system "
+"based on voluntary cooperation and on decentralization."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebaliknya, saya bekerja untuk membangun sebuah sistem agar orang bebas "
+"untuk memutuskan tindakan mereka sendiri; dalam beberapa hal, bebas menolong "
+"sekeliling mereka, serta bebas merubah dan memperbaiki alat yang mereka "
+"pakai dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Sebuah sistem atas dasar kerjasama "
+"sukarela dan tidak terpusat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian Communism, it "
+"is the software owners who are the Communists."
+msgstr ""
+"Jadi, jika kita menilai kesamaannya dengan komunisme di Rusia, adalah para "
+"pemilik perangkat lunaklah yang merupakan komunis."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The Question of Premises"
+msgstr "Mempertanyakan Landasan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no less "
+"important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other words, "
+"their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide which course of "
+"action is best."
+msgstr ""
+"Anggapan saya dalam tulisan ini, bahwa para pengguna perangkat lunak sama "
+"pentingnya dengan penulis perangkat lunak, atau bahkan majikan dari penulis "
+"tersebut. Dengan kata lain, kebutuhan dan kepentingan mereka memiliki bobot "
+"yang sama, ketika kita memutuskan jalan tindakan mana yang terbaik."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an author's "
+"employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else. They say, for "
+"example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the "
+"author's employer the advantage he deserves—regardless of how this may "
+"affect the public."
+msgstr ""
+"Landasan ini tidak diterima secara umum. Banyak yang berpendapat bahwa "
+"pekerja dari pembuat secara mendasar lebih penting dari siapa pun. Mereka "
+"berkata, misalnya, bahwa tujuan adanya pemilik dari perangkat lunak ialah "
+"untuk memberi pemilik keunggulan yang layak diterima, tanpa menghiraukan "
+"kemungkinan pengaruhnya terhadap masyarakat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof requires "
+"shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed only to those "
+"who share the premises I use, or at least are interested in what their "
+"consequences are. For those who believe that the owners are more important "
+"than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant."
+msgstr ""
+"Hal tersebut tidak akan digunakan untuk membuktikan atau tidak membuktikan "
+"landasan tersebut. Pembuktian memerlukan berbagi landasan. Jadi semua yang "
+"saya telah katakan hanya ditujukan kepada yang berbagi dengan landasan yang "
+"saya pakai, atau paling tidak tertarik akan konsekuensi yang akan dihadapi. "
+"Untuk yang percaya bahwa pemilik lebih penting dari yang lainnya, tulisan "
+"ini akan sangat tidak relevan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that elevates "
+"certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly because of the "
+"belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions of American "
+"society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means challenging the "
+"basis of society."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun mengapa ada sejumlah besar masyarakat Amrik menerima sebuah landasan "
+"yang hanya menguntungkan kepentingan sejumlah orang tertentu atas "
+"kepentingan yang lain? Sebagian karena kepercayaan bahwa landasan tersebut "
+"merupakan bagian dari tradisi hukum masyarakat Amrik. Sebagian lain "
+"merasakan bahwa meragukan landasan berarti menantang pokok dari masyarakat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is important for these people to know that this premise is not part of "
+"our legal tradition. It never has been."
+msgstr ""
+"Sangatlah penting untuk orang-orang seperti ini mengetahui bahwa landasan "
+"tersebut bukan merupakan bagian dari tradisi hukum Amrik, tidak akan pernah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to “"
+"promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts.” The Supreme "
+"Court has elaborated on this, stating in <em>Fox Film v. Doyal</em>; that "
+"“The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in "
+"conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by "
+"the public from the labors of authors.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Jadi, konstitusi Amrik menyatakan bahwa tujuan dari hak cipta ialah untuk "
+"“mempromosikan kemajuan dari ilmu pengetahuan dan pemanfaatan "
+"seni”. Mahkamah Agung Amrik telah merinci hal tersebut, dalam kasus "
+"perkara <em>Fox Film lawan Doyal</em> bahwa “Satu-satunya kepentingan "
+"dari Amrik serta tujuan utama dalam memberikan monopoli [hak cipta] terletak "
+"pada keuntungan secara umum diperoleh masyarakat dari karya para pengarang "
+"dan penciptanya.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme Court. "
+"(At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions do not "
+"disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the awareness that "
+"this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a traditionally "
+"recognized one will weaken its appeal."
+msgstr ""
+"Kita tidak diwajibkan untuk menyetujui Makamah Agung atau pun konstitusi "
+"Amrik (Pada waktu yang lalu, keduanya mendukung perbudakan). Sehingga fatwa "
+"mereka tidak membantah keunggulan pemilik landasan. Namun, saya berharap "
+"bahwa kepedulian terhadap anggapan sayap kanan radikal daripada sebuah "
+"pengakuan tradisional yang akan memperlemah daya tariknya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "Kesimpulan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor; but each "
+"time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for the wealth "
+"they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite message."
+msgstr ""
+"Kita ingin beranggap bahwa masyarakat kita menganjurkan membantu sekeliling "
+"kita. Namun setiap kali kita memberi imbalan kepada orang lain untuk "
+"menghalangi, atau mengagumi mereka yang memperoleh kekayaannya dengan cara "
+"ini, kita sedang mengirimkan pesan yang sebaliknya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the
+# | welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from
+# | Ronald Reagan to [-Jim Bakker,-] {+Dick Cheney,+} from [-Ivan Boesky-]
+# | {+Exxon+} to [-Exxon,-] {+Enron,+} from failing banks to failing schools.
+# | We can measure it with the size of the homeless population and the prison
+# | population. The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because the more we
+# | see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile to help
+# | them. Thus society decays into a jungle.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the "
+#| "welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from "
+#| "Ronald Reagan to Jim Bakker, from Ivan Boesky to Exxon, from failing "
+#| "banks to failing schools. We can measure it with the size of the "
+#| "homeless population and the prison population. The antisocial spirit "
+#| "feeds on itself, because the more we see that other people will not help "
+#| "us, the more it seems futile to help them. Thus society decays into a "
+#| "jungle."
+msgid ""
+"Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the "
+"welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from "
+"Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from failing banks to "
+"failing schools. We can measure it with the size of the homeless population "
+"and the prison population. The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because "
+"the more we see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile "
+"to help them. Thus society decays into a jungle."
+msgstr ""
+"Penimbunan perangkat lunak merupakan salah satu bentuk umum keinginan kita "
+"untuk mengabaikan kesejahteraan masyarakat untuk kepentingan pribadi. Kita "
+"bisa menelusuri ketidakpedulian ini dari Ronald Reagen hingga James Baker, "
+"dari Ivan Boesky sampai Exxon, mulai dari kegagalan bank sampai kegagalan "
+"sekolah. Kita dapat mengukur ketidakpedulian ini dengan jumlah tuna wisma "
+"dan jumlah narapidana. Semangat antisosial ini berkembang dengan sendirinya, "
+"sebab ketika seseorang melihat bahwa orang lain tidak akan membantunya, maka "
+"ia juga akan berpikir bahwa membantu mereka adalah hal yang sia-sia. Maka "
+"masyarakat akan luruh ke dalam sebuah belantara."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes. We must "
+"start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates when "
+"appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others. I hope that "
+"the free software movement will contribute to this: at least in one area, we "
+"will replace the jungle with a more efficient system which encourages and "
+"runs on voluntary cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika kita tidak ingin hidup dalam sebuah belantara, kita harus dapat merubah "
+"kelakuan kita. Kita harus mulai memberi pesan bahwa seorang warga yang baik "
+"adalah yang mau bekerjasama ketika benar, bukan orang yagn sukses dari "
+"memanfaatkan orang lain. Saya harap pergerakan perangkat lunak bebas akan "
+"memberikan kontribusi dalam hal ini: setidaknya di satu bidang, akan "
+"menggantikan belantara dengan sistem yang lebih efisien dan didasarkan atas "
+"kerjasama secara sukarela."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Catatan Kaki"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The word “free” in “free software” refers to "
+"freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free program may be "
+"zero, or small, or (rarely) quite large."
+msgstr ""
+"Kata “bebas” dari kalimat “perangkat lunak bebas” "
+"merujuk pada kebebasan, dan bukan pada harganya; harga yang dibayarkan untuk "
+"salinan program bebas dapat nihil, atau kecil, atau (jarang sekali) cukup "
+"besar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not alter this "
+"conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to discourage driving "
+"in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using toll booths, which "
+"contribute to both pollution and congestion. A tax on gasoline is much "
+"better. Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by limiting maximum speed is "
+"not relevant; a free-access road enhances the average speed by avoiding "
+"stops and delays, for any given speed limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Isu polusi dan kemacetan tidak akan mengubah kesimpulan. Jika kita membuat "
+"berkendara lebih mahal daripada biasanya, sangat tidak disarankan untuk "
+"melakukannya dengan menggunakan gerbang toll, yang memberi akibat baik pada "
+"pencemaran maupun pada kemacetan. Pajak bensin lebih baik. Demikian pula, "
+"keinginan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan dengan membatasi kecepatan "
+"tertinggi tidak terkait, sebuah jalan raya yang dapat digunakan secara bebas "
+"memberikan kecepatan rata-rata dengan menghindari penghentian dan penundaan, "
+"untuk setiap batasan kecepatan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"One might regard a particular computer program as a harmful thing that "
+"should not be available at all, like the Lotus Marketplace database of "
+"personal information, which was withdrawn from sale due to public "
+"disapproval. Most of what I say does not apply to this case, but it makes "
+"little sense to argue for having an owner on the grounds that the owner will "
+"make the program less available. The owner will not make it <em>completely</"
+"em> unavailable, as one would wish in the case of a program whose use is "
+"considered destructive."
+msgstr ""
+"Ada yang mungkin menganggap sesuatu program komputer tertentu sebagai suatu "
+"yang berbahaya yang seharusnya tidak ada sama sekali, seperti basis data "
+"informasi perorangan Lotus Marketplace, yang telah ditarik karena ketidak-"
+"setujuan masyarakat. Sebagian besar dari apa yang telah saya katakan tidak "
+"berpengaruh pada kasus ini, tapi cukup masuk akal dengan tidak menyetujui "
+"seorang pemilik yang awam di mana ia akan membuat program kurang berfungsi. "
+"Pemilik tidak akan membuat program program tidak berfungsi <em>sama sekali</"
+"em>, seperti harapan seseorang dalam kasus di mana program yang "
+"penggunaannya dianggap untuk merusak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Esai ini telah dipublikasikan dalam buku <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/";
+"product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: "
+"The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 3.0 Amerika Serikat</a> (CC BY-ND 3.0 US)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: philosophy/po/why-free.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/why-free.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/why-free.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+# Indonedian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/why-free.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-31 06:29+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2009-09-05 21:35+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Why Software Should Not Have Owners - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Mengapa Perangkat Lunak Seharusnya Tanpa Pemilik - Proyek GNU - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, Why Software "
+"Should Not Have Owners"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, Proyek GNU, FSF, Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Free Software Foundation, "
+"Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Mengapa Perangkat Lunak Seharusnya Tanpa "
+"Pemilik"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why Software Should Not Have Owners"
+msgstr "Mengapa Perangkat Lunak Seharusnya Tanpa Pemilik"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"oleh <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it easier "
+"to copy and modify information. Computers promise to make this easier for "
+"all of us."
+msgstr ""
+"Sumbangan teknologi informasi digital kepada dunia ialah kemudahan kita "
+"menyalin serta mengubah informasi. Komputer menjanjikan untuk memudahkan "
+"hal tersebut untuk kita semua."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not everyone wants it to be easier. The system of copyright gives software "
+"programs “owners”, most of whom aim to withhold software's "
+"potential benefit from the rest of the public. They would like to be the "
+"only ones who can copy and modify the software that we use."
+msgstr ""
+"Tidak semua menginginkan kemudahan ini. Sistem hak cipta membuat perangkat "
+"lunak berpemilikâyang kebanyakan diantara merekaâberniat untuk
menghalangi "
+"masyarakat untuk mendapatkan potensi manfaat dari perangkat lunak. Mereka "
+"ingin menjadi satu-satunya pihak yang berhak untuk menyalin atau pun "
+"mengubah perangkat lunak yang kita gunakan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The copyright system grew up with printing—a technology for mass-"
+"production copying. Copyright fit in well with this technology because it "
+"restricted only the mass producers of copies. It did not take freedom away "
+"from readers of books. An ordinary reader, who did not own a printing "
+"press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and few readers were sued for "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+"Sistem hak cipta berkembang di dunia cetak-mencetak—sebuah teknologi "
+"untuk menyalin secara besar-besaran. Sistem ini cocok dengan teknologi ini, "
+"karena hak cipta tersebut diberlakukan kepada para pemilik percetakan. Hak "
+"cipta tersebut tidak membatasi kebebasan para pembaca buku. Seorang pembaca "
+"biasa, yang tidak memiliki percetakan, boleh menyalin buku dengan pulpen dan "
+"tinta, dan hanya sedikit pembaca yang dituntut untuk melakukan itu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Digital technology is more flexible than the printing press: when "
+"information has digital form, you can easily copy it to share it with "
+"others. This very flexibility makes a bad fit with a system like "
+"copyright. That's the reason for the increasingly nasty and draconian "
+"measures now used to enforce software copyright. Consider these four "
+"practices of the Software Publishers Association (SPA):"
+msgstr ""
+"Teknologi digital itu jauh lebih luwes dari pada percetakan: jika informasi "
+"berbentuk digital, secara mudah anda dapat menyalinnya untuk berbagi dengan "
+"rekan yang lain. Keluwesan tersebut tidak cocok dengan sistem hak cipta. "
+"Hal inilah menyebabkan peningkatan penggunaan cara kasar dan culas dalam "
+"penegakan sistem hak cipta perangkat lunak. Perhatikan keempat cara berikut "
+"yang digunakan oleh <em>Software Publishers Association</em> (SPA, Asosiasi "
+"Penerbit Perangkat Lunak):"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Massive propaganda saying it is wrong to disobey the owners to help your "
+"friend."
+msgstr ""
+"Propaganda besar-besaran, bahwa merupakan hal yang salahâ jika mengabaikan "
+"para pemilik untuk menolong teman anda."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Solicitation for stool pigeons to inform on their coworkers and colleagues."
+msgstr "Mengajak untuk memata-matai rekan sekerja dan teman sendiri."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Raids (with police help) on offices and schools, in which people are told "
+"they must prove they are innocent of illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"Razia (dengan bantuan polisi) di perkantoran dan di sekolahanâsecara "
+"pembuktian terbalik, yaitu harus membuktikan bahwa tidak melakukan "
+"penyalinan tidak sah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+# | Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request) of people such as
+# | <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</acronym>'s
+# | David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of copying
+# | any), but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and failing to
+# | censor their [-use.-] {+use.<a href=\"#footnote1\">[1]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request) of people such "
+#| "as <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</"
+#| "acronym>'s David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused "
+#| "of copying any), but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and "
+#| "failing to censor their use."
+msgid ""
+"Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request) of people such as "
+"<acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</acronym>'s "
+"David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of copying "
+"any), but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and failing to "
+"censor their use.<a href=\"#footnote1\">[1]</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Penuntutan (oleh pemerintah Amrik atas permintaan SPA) terhadap pihak "
+"seperti David LaMacchia dari <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
+"Technology\">MIT</acronym>â bukan dengan tuduhan penyalinan, melainkan
hanya "
+"karena dianggap lalai mengawasi “penyalah gunaan” fasilitas "
+"penyalinan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"All four practices resemble those used in the former Soviet Union, where "
+"every copying machine had a guard to prevent forbidden copying, and where "
+"individuals had to copy information secretly and pass it from hand to hand "
+"as samizdat. There is of course a difference: the motive for information "
+"control in the Soviet Union was political; in the US the motive is profit. "
+"But it is the actions that affect us, not the motive. Any attempt to block "
+"the sharing of information, no matter why, leads to the same methods and the "
+"same harshness."
+msgstr ""
+"Keempat cara di atas, mirip dengan yang dahulu dilakukan di Uni Soviet. "
+"Ketika itu, setiap mesin foto kopi harus ada penjaganyaâagar tidak “"
+"disalah-gunakan”. Infomasi harus dikopi secara diam-diam, lalu "
+"diedarkan dari tangan ke tangan sebagai <cite>samizdat</cite>. Tentu saja "
+"terdapat perbedaan: pengendalian informasi di Uni Soviet bertujuan politik, "
+"sedangkan di Amrik bertujuan meraup laba. Akan tetapi, kitalah yang terkena "
+"dampak pelaksanaan tindakan tersebut, dan bukan tujuannya. Setiap usaha "
+"untuk menghalangi berbagi informasiâapa pun alasannyaâcenderung
menggunakan "
+"cara serta keculasan yang serupa."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Owners make several kinds of arguments for giving them the power to control "
+"how we use information:"
+msgstr ""
+"Terdapat beberapa cara yang digunakan oleh para pemilik, agar dapat "
+"mengendalikan cara kita menggunakan informasi:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Name calling."
+msgstr "Sebutan Nama"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Owners use smear words such as “piracy” and “theft”, "
+"as well as expert terminology such as “intellectual property” "
+"and “damage”, to suggest a certain line of thinking to the "
+"public—a simplistic analogy between programs and physical objects."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pemilik mencoba untuk mempengaruhi pendapat umum dengan menggunakan "
+"kata-kata ejekan seperti “pembajakan” dan “"
+"pencurian”, disertai istilah seolah ilmiah seperti “HAKI” "
+"dan “kerugian”. Mereka menyamakan kepemilikan benda abstrak "
+"(perangkat lunak) dan benda nyata."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Our ideas and intuitions about property for material objects are about "
+"whether it is right to <em>take an object away</em> from someone else. They "
+"don't directly apply to <em>making a copy</em> of something. But the owners "
+"ask us to apply them anyway."
+msgstr ""
+"Kami beranggap bahwa kepemilikan itu berkaitan dengan: apakah dibenarkan "
+"<em>merampas sebuah benda</em> dari seseorang. Hal tersebut tidak berkaitan "
+"langsung dengan <em>menyalin</em> sesuatu. Tapi para pemilik beranggapan "
+"hal tersebut berkaitan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Exaggeration."
+msgstr "Pernyataan Berlebihan"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Owners say that they suffer “harm” or “economic "
+"loss” when users copy programs themselves. But the copying has no "
+"direct effect on the owner, and it harms no one. The owner can lose only if "
+"the person who made the copy would otherwise have paid for one from the "
+"owner."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pemilik mengatakan bahwa mereka “teraniaya” atau pun “"
+"menderita kerugian ekonomi” jika programnya disalin oleh para "
+"pengguna. Padahal penyalinan tersebut tidak mempunyai dampak langsung "
+"terhadap para pemilik, dan juga tidak menganiaya siapa pun. Para pemilik "
+"hanya dapat merugi jika orang harus membayar untuk salinan tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A little thought shows that most such people would not have bought copies. "
+"Yet the owners compute their “losses” as if each and every one "
+"would have bought a copy. That is exaggeration—to put it kindly."
+msgstr ""
+"Kalau dipikir secara sederhana, kebanyakan orang tersebut di atas tidak akan "
+"membeli salinan. Akan tetapi, para pemilik menghitungkan kerugian, seolah-"
+"olah semua akan membeli salinan tersebut. Ini adalah sesuatu yang berlebih-"
+"lebihan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "The law."
+msgstr "Hukum"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Owners often describe the current state of the law, and the harsh penalties "
+"they can threaten us with. Implicit in this approach is the suggestion that "
+"today's law reflects an unquestionable view of morality—yet at the "
+"same time, we are urged to regard these penalties as facts of nature that "
+"can't be blamed on anyone."
+msgstr ""
+"Para pemilik sering merujuk pada hukum yang sekarang berlaku, serta sanksi-"
+"sanksi keras yang dapat mereka tuntut. Pendekatan ini secara implisit "
+"mencerminkan pandangan yang tak dapat dijawab secara moralâpada saat yang "
+"sama, kita diminta untuk menganggap sanksi tersebut sebagai fakta yang tidak "
+"dapat disalahkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This line of persuasion isn't designed to stand up to critical thinking; "
+"it's intended to reinforce a habitual mental pathway."
+msgstr ""
+"Cara persuasif tersebut tidak dirancang untuk dipikirkan secara kritis; "
+"melainkan hanya untuk mempertahankan sebuah kebiasaan yang telah berlaku."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+# | It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong. Every American
+# | should know that, [-forty years ago,-] {+in the 1950s,+} it was against
+# | the law in many states for a black person to sit in the front of a bus;
+# | but only racists would say sitting there was wrong.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong. Every American "
+#| "should know that, forty years ago, it was against the law in many states "
+#| "for a black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only racists would "
+#| "say sitting there was wrong."
+msgid ""
+"It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong. Every American "
+"should know that, in the 1950s, it was against the law in many states for a "
+"black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only racists would say "
+"sitting there was wrong."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada dasarnya, hukum tidak dapat memutuskan benar atau salah. Setiap orang "
+"Amrik seharusnya tahu, empat puluh tahun yang lalu, bahwa adalah "
+"bertentangan dengan hukum pada banyak negara bagian untuk orang kulit hitam "
+"untuk duduk didepan bus: tapi hanya rasisme yang akan mengatakan itu "
+"merupakan hal yang salah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Natural rights."
+msgstr "Hak dasar"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Authors often claim a special connection with programs they have written, "
+"and go on to assert that, as a result, their desires and interests "
+"concerning the program simply outweigh those of anyone else—or even "
+"those of the whole rest of the world. (Typically companies, not authors, "
+"hold the copyrights on software, but we are expected to ignore this "
+"discrepancy.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Para pengarang sering menuntut hubungan khusus dengan program yang mereka "
+"tulis. Berdasarkan anggapan tersebut, keinginan dan minat mereka terhadap "
+"program tersebut jauh lebih besar dari yang lainnya â bahkan yang lain di "
+"seluruh dunia (Biasanya perusahaan-perusahaanâbukan pengarangâmemegang
hak "
+"cipta perangkat lunak, tapi kita tidak akan mempermasalahkan pertentangan "
+"ini)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"To those who propose this as an ethical axiom—the author is more "
+"important than you—I can only say that I, a notable software author "
+"myself, call it bunk."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk yang akan mengajukan hal ini sebagai aksioma etikaâpengarang lebih "
+"penting daripada anda—saya hanya dapat berkata bahwa saya, seorang "
+"pembuat perangkat lunak terkemuka, menganggapnya \"konyol\"."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But people in general are only likely to feel any sympathy with the natural "
+"rights claims for two reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada umumnya, ada dua alasan mengapa ada yang simpati terhadap hak dasar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+# | One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects. When I cook
+# | spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I cannot eat
+# | it. His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; only one of
+# | us can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, [-which?-] {+which one?+}
+# | The smallest distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical balance.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects. When I "
+#| "cook spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I "
+#| "cannot eat it. His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; "
+#| "only one of us can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which? The "
+#| "smallest distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical balance."
+msgid ""
+"One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects. When I cook "
+"spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I cannot eat "
+"it. His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; only one of us "
+"can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one? The smallest "
+"distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical balance."
+msgstr ""
+"Alasan pertama adalah analogi berlebihan dengan benda materi. Kalau saya "
+"memasak spageti, saya akan berkeberatan jika ada yang memakannya, karena "
+"saya tidak dapat memakannya. Tindakannya merugikan saya sebanyak keuntungan "
+"yang ia peroleh; hanya satu dari kita yang dapat memakan spageti. Maka "
+"pertanyaannya ialah, siapa? Pertentangan terkecil antara kita cukup untuk "
+"mengisyaratkan keseimbangan etika."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But whether you run or change a program I wrote affects you directly and me "
+"only indirectly. Whether you give a copy to your friend affects you and "
+"your friend much more than it affects me. I shouldn't have the power to "
+"tell you not to do these things. No one should."
+msgstr ""
+"Tetapi jika anda menjalankan atau pun mengubah program buatan saya, akan "
+"mempengaruhi anda secara langsung dan saya secara tidak langsung. Jika anda "
+"memberikan salinan ke teman anda, akan lebih mempengaruhi anda dan teman "
+"anda dari pada saya. Saya seharusnya tidak mempunyai hak untuk memberitahu "
+"anda untuk tidak berbuat demikian. Dan tidak seorang pu berhak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The second reason is that people have been told that natural rights for "
+"authors is the accepted and unquestioned tradition of our society."
+msgstr ""
+"Alasan kedua ialah kepercayaan bahwa hak dasar bagi pengarang adalah tradisi "
+"yang telah diterima dan tidak dipertanyakan lagi oleh masyarakat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"As a matter of history, the opposite is true. The idea of natural rights of "
+"authors was proposed and decisively rejected when the US Constitution was "
+"drawn up. That's why the Constitution only <em>permits</em> a system of "
+"copyright and does not <em>require</em> one; that's why it says that "
+"copyright must be temporary. It also states that the purpose of copyright "
+"is to promote progress—not to reward authors. Copyright does reward "
+"authors somewhat, and publishers more, but that is intended as a means of "
+"modifying their behavior."
+msgstr ""
+"Secara sejarah, hal yang sebaliknya yang benar. Ide hak dasar pengarang "
+"diusulkan, tetapi ditolak ketika konstitusi Amrik diputuskan. Itulah "
+"alasannya mengapa konstitusi hanya <em>mengijinkan</em> sebuah sistem hak "
+"cipta dan <em>mengharuskannya</em>; dan itulah sebabnya mengapa hak cipta "
+"harus bersifat sementara. Itu juga, dengan ketentuan bahwa tujuan hak cipta "
+"untuk merangsang kemajuanâbukan untuk mengupah pengarang. Hak cipta memang "
+"memberikan keuntungan kepada pengarang, dan penerbit mendapat lebih banyak, "
+"tapi hal itu dimaksudkan untuk mengubah tingkah laku mereka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The real established tradition of our society is that copyright cuts into "
+"the natural rights of the public—and that this can only be justified "
+"for the public's sake."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada kenyataannya, hak cipta mengurangi hak dasar masyarakat—dan itu "
+"hanya dapat dibenarkan untuk kepentingan masyarakat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Economics."
+msgstr "Ekonomi"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The final argument made for having owners of software is that this leads to "
+"production of more software."
+msgstr ""
+"Alasan terakhir kepemilikan perangkat lunak, ialah dapat menjurus kepada "
+"pembuatan perangkat lunak yang lebih banyak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Unlike the others, this argument at least takes a legitimate approach to the "
+"subject. It is based on a valid goal—satisfying the users of "
+"software. And it is empirically clear that people will produce more of "
+"something if they are well paid for doing so."
+msgstr ""
+"Tidak seperti yang lain, aspek ekonomi ini cukup beralasan. Ini berdasarkan "
+"kepada tujuan yang benar—yaitu memuaskan para pengguna perangkat "
+"lunak. Dan jelas secara empirik, bahwa orang akan menghasilkan lebih banyak "
+"jika mereka dibayar layak untuk melakukannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption that the "
+"difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay. It assumes "
+"that <em>production of software</em> is what we want, whether the software "
+"has owners or not."
+msgstr ""
+"Tetapi alasan ekonomi ada kelemahannya. Anggapannya ialah bahwa yang berbeda "
+"hanyalah masalah berapa banyak kita harus bayar. Tanpa atau dengan pemilik, "
+"dianggap bahwa yang diinginkan ialah <em>produksi perangkat lunak</em>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+# | People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our
+# | experiences with material objects. Consider a sandwich, for instance.
+# | You might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either [-free-]
+# | {+gratis+} or for a price. If so, the amount you pay is the only
+# | difference. Whether or not you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same
+# | taste, the same nutritional value, and in either case you can only eat it
+# | once. Whether you get the sandwich from an owner or not cannot directly
+# | affect anything but the amount of money you have afterwards.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our "
+#| "experiences with material objects. Consider a sandwich, for instance. "
+#| "You might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either free or for a "
+#| "price. If so, the amount you pay is the only difference. Whether or not "
+#| "you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste, the same nutritional "
+#| "value, and in either case you can only eat it once. Whether you get the "
+#| "sandwich from an owner or not cannot directly affect anything but the "
+#| "amount of money you have afterwards."
+msgid ""
+"People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our "
+"experiences with material objects. Consider a sandwich, for instance. You "
+"might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or for a "
+"price. If so, the amount you pay is the only difference. Whether or not "
+"you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste, the same nutritional "
+"value, and in either case you can only eat it once. Whether you get the "
+"sandwich from an owner or not cannot directly affect anything but the amount "
+"of money you have afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"Orang dengan cepat menerima asumsi ini karena itu berdasarkan pengalaman "
+"dengan benda fisik. Contohnya: roti isi. Anda mungkin mendapatkan roti isi "
+"yang serupa, terlepas cuma-cuma atau bayar. Jika demikian, perbedaannya "
+"hanya pada biaya yang dikeluarkan. Membeli atau tidak, roti itu akan "
+"memiliki rasa yang sama, dengan gizi yang sama, dan anda hanya dapat "
+"memakannya satu kali saja. Apakah roti tersebut berasal dari pemilik atau "
+"tidak, hanya akan berpengaruh pada saldo uang yang anda miliki."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is true for any kind of material object—whether or not it has an "
+"owner does not directly affect what it <em>is</em>, or what you can do with "
+"it if you acquire it."
+msgstr ""
+"Hal itu benar untuk setiap macam benda fisik—dengan atau tanpa "
+"pemilik—tidak secara langsung mempengaruhi <em>apakah</em> benda "
+"tersebut, atau apa yang dapat anda lakukan dengan objek tersebut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But if a program has an owner, this very much affects what it is, and what "
+"you can do with a copy if you buy one. The difference is not just a matter "
+"of money. The system of owners of software encourages software owners to "
+"produce something—but not what society really needs. And it causes "
+"intangible ethical pollution that affects us all."
+msgstr ""
+"Tetapi jika program ada pemiliknya, akan sangat mempengaruhi mengenai apakah "
+"program itu, dan apa yang dapat anda lakukan dengan salinannya jika anda "
+"membelinya. Perbedaan ini bukan hanya masalah uang. Sistem kepemilikan "
+"perangkat lunak mendorong pemilik perangkat lunak untuk memproduksi "
+"sesuatu—tetapi bukan sesuatu yang masyarakat butuhkan. Dan ini dapat "
+"menyebabkan polusi etika yang tidak dapat disembuhkan yang mempengaruhi kita "
+"semua."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What does society need? It needs information that is truly available to its "
+"citizens—for example, programs that people can read, fix, adapt, and "
+"improve, not just operate. But what software owners typically deliver is a "
+"black box that we can't study or change."
+msgstr ""
+"Apakah yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat? Masyarakat membutuhkan informasi "
+"yang tersedia untuk penduduknya—sebagai contoh, program-program yang "
+"dapat dibaca, diperbaiki, diadaptasi, dan ditingkatkan kinerjanya, dan tidak "
+"hanya dioperasikan. Tetapi apa yang biasanya para pemilik perangkat lunak "
+"berikan adalah kotak hitam yang tidak bisa kita pelajari dan ubah."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Society also needs freedom. When a program has an owner, the users lose "
+"freedom to control part of their own lives."
+msgstr ""
+"Masyarakat juga membutuhkan kebebasan. Ketika program mempunyai pemilik, "
+"para pemakai kehilangan kebebasan untuk mengendalika bagian dari kehidupan "
+"mereka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary "
+"cooperation in its citizens. When software owners tell us that helping our "
+"neighbors in a natural way is “piracy”, they pollute our "
+"society's civic spirit."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan dari semua itu, masyarakat perlu mendorong semangat kerjasama "
+"sukarelawan antara warga. Ketika para pemilik perangkat lunak mengatakan "
+"kepada kita bahwa membantu tetangga kita adalah “pembajakan”, "
+"mereka mencemarkan semangat kemasyarakatan kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is why we say that <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</"
+"a> is a matter of freedom, not price."
+msgstr ""
+"Inilah alasan mengapa kita katakan bahwa <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">perangkat lunak bebas</a> adalah masalah kebebasan, bukan harga."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The economic argument for owners is erroneous, but the economic issue is "
+"real. Some people write useful software for the pleasure of writing it or "
+"for admiration and love; but if we want more software than those people "
+"write, we need to raise funds."
+msgstr ""
+"Alasan ekonomi bagi pemilik adalah kekeliruan, tetapi isu ekonomi adalah hal "
+"nyata. Beberapa orang menulis kegunaan perangkat lunak untuk kesenangan "
+"dalam penulisannya atau untuk penghargaan dan cinta; tetapi jika kita ingin "
+"perangkat lunak lebih banyak dari apa yang mereka tulis, kita perlu untuk "
+"mengumpulkan dana."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-For ten years now,-]{+Since the 1980s,+} free software developers have
+# | tried various methods of finding funds, with some success. There's no
+# | need to make anyone rich; [-the median US family income, around $35k,
+# | proves to be enough-] {+a typical income is plenty of+} incentive [-for-]
+# | {+to do+} many jobs that are less satisfying than programming.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For ten years now, free software developers have tried various methods of "
+#| "finding funds, with some success. There's no need to make anyone rich; "
+#| "the median US family income, around $35k, proves to be enough incentive "
+#| "for many jobs that are less satisfying than programming."
+msgid ""
+"Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods of "
+"finding funds, with some success. There's no need to make anyone rich; a "
+"typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are less "
+"satisfying than programming."
+msgstr ""
+"Selama sepuluh tahun terakhir, para pengembang perangkat lunak bebas telah "
+"mencoba bermacam cara untuk mencari dana, dengan beberapa keberhasilan. "
+"Tidak perlu untuk membuat seseorang menjadi kaya; rata-rata pendapatan "
+"keluarga di Amrik, ialah USD 35000, membuktikan cukup insentif untuk "
+"pekerjaan-pekerjaan yang kurang memuaskan daripada pemrograman."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For years, until a fellowship made it unnecessary, I made a living from "
+"custom enhancements of the free software I had written. Each enhancement "
+"was added to the standard released version and thus eventually became "
+"available to the general public. Clients paid me so that I would work on "
+"the enhancements they wanted, rather than on the features I would otherwise "
+"have considered highest priority."
+msgstr ""
+"Selama bertahun-tahun, hingga mendapatkan sebuah sumbangan tetap, saya "
+"mencari nafkah dari pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas yang saya tulis. "
+"Setiap pengembangan ditambahkan kepada versi standar yang dirilis dan "
+"kemudian menjadi tersedia untuk umum. Klien membayar saya untuk itu saya mau "
+"bekerja untuk penambahan yang mereka inginkan, daripada hal-hal yang lebih "
+"saya anggap sebagai prioritas yang utama."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Some free software developers make money by selling support services.
+# | {+In 1994,+} Cygnus Support, with around 50 [-employees [when this article
+# | was written], estimates-] {+employees, estimated+} that about 15 per[-
+# | -]cent of its staff activity [-is-] {+was+} free software
+# | development—a respectable percentage for a software company.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some free software developers make money by selling support services. "
+#| "Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees [when this article was written], "
+#| "estimates that about 15 per cent of its staff activity is free software "
+#| "development—a respectable percentage for a software company."
+msgid ""
+"Some free software developers make money by selling support services. In "
+"1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that about 15 "
+"percent of its staff activity was free software development—a "
+"respectable percentage for a software company."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa pengembang perangkat lunak bebas mendapat penghasilan dengan "
+"menjual pelayanan. Cygnus Support, dengan sekitar 50 pekerja [ketika artikel "
+"ini ditulis], memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 15 persen dari kegiatan stafnya "
+"dalam mengembangkan perangkat lunak bebas—sebuah persentasi yang patut "
+"dihargai untuk perusahan perangkat lunak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Companies-]{+In the early 1990s, companies+} including Intel, Motorola,
+# | Texas Instruments and Analog Devices [-have-] combined to fund the
+# | continued development of the [-free-] GNU [-compiler for the language C.
+# | Meanwhile, the-] {+C compiler. Most GCC development is still done by paid
+# | developers. The+} GNU compiler for the Ada language [-is being-] {+was+}
+# | funded {+in the 90s+} by the US Air Force, [-which believes this is the
+# | most cost-effective way to get-] {+and continued since then by+} a [-high
+# | quality compiler. [Air Force funding ended some time ago;-] {+company
+# | formed specifically for+} the [-GNU Ada Compiler is now in service, and
+# | its maintenance is funded commercially.]-] {+purpose.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments and Analog Devices "
+#| "have combined to fund the continued development of the free GNU compiler "
+#| "for the language C. Meanwhile, the GNU compiler for the Ada language is "
+#| "being funded by the US Air Force, which believes this is the most cost-"
+#| "effective way to get a high quality compiler. [Air Force funding ended "
+#| "some time ago; the GNU Ada Compiler is now in service, and its "
+#| "maintenance is funded commercially.]"
+msgid ""
+"In the early 1990s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments "
+"and Analog Devices combined to fund the continued development of the GNU C "
+"compiler. Most GCC development is still done by paid developers. The GNU "
+"compiler for the Ada language was funded in the 90s by the US Air Force, and "
+"continued since then by a company formed specifically for the purpose."
+msgstr ""
+"Perusahan-perusahaan termasuk Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments dan Analog "
+"Devices telah bergabung untuk menyediakan kelanjutan pengembangan dari "
+"kompiler GNU bebas untuk bahasa C. Sementara, kompiler GNU untuk bahasa Ada "
+"telah dibiayai oleh Angkatan Udara Amrik, yang percaya ini adalah cara yang "
+"paling efektif dari segi biaya untuk mendapatkan mutu kompiler yang tinggi "
+"(Angkatan Udara mengakhiri pembiayaan beberapa waktu yang lalu; kompiler Ada "
+"GNU sekarang sedang dipakai, dan pemeliharaannya dibiayai secara komersil)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-All these examples are small; the-]{+The+} free software movement is
+# | still small, [-and still young. But-] {+but+} the example of
+# | listener-supported radio in [-this country [the US]-] {+the US+} shows
+# | it's possible to support a large activity without forcing each user to pay.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "All these examples are small; the free software movement is still small, "
+#| "and still young. But the example of listener-supported radio in this "
+#| "country [the US] shows it's possible to support a large activity without "
+#| "forcing each user to pay."
+msgid ""
+"The free software movement is still small, but the example of listener-"
+"supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a large activity "
+"without forcing each user to pay."
+msgstr ""
+"Semua contoh diatas masih permulaan; pergerakan perangkat lunak bebas masih "
+"kecil dan masih muda. Tetapi contoh dari sistem pemancar radio di negara ini "
+"(Amrik), menunjukkan kemungkinan untuk mendukung aktivitas besar tanpa "
+"memaksa pemakai untuk membayar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> program. "
+"If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to refuse. "
+"Cooperation is more important than copyright. But underground, closet "
+"cooperation does not make for a good society. A person should aspire to "
+"live an upright life openly with pride, and this means saying no to "
+"proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+"Sebagai pengguna komputer sekarang, anda mungkin menggunakan <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">program berpemilik</a>. "
+"Jika teman anda meminta untuk membuat salinan, akan salah jika menolaknya. "
+"Kerjasama lebih penting dari pada hak cipta. Tetapi secara sembunyi-"
+"sembunyi, kerjasama tertutup tidak dibuat untuk masyarakat yang baik. "
+"Seseorang harus memiliki aspirasi untuk hidup dengan ihklas dan terbuka "
+"dengan bangga, dan ini berarti mengatakan tidak untuk kepemilikan perangkat "
+"lunak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You deserve to be able to cooperate openly and freely with other people who "
+"use software. You deserve to be able to learn how the software works, and "
+"to teach your students with it. You deserve to be able to hire your "
+"favorite programmer to fix it when it breaks."
+msgstr ""
+"Anda berhak untuk dapat bekerjasama secara terbuka dan bebas dengan orang "
+"lain yang menggunakan perangkat lunak. Anda berhak untuk dapat mempelajari "
+"bagaimana perangkat lunak itu bekerja, dan untuk mengajari murid Anda "
+"tentang hal tersebut. Anda berhak untuk dapat memperkerjakan pemrogram "
+"pilihan Anda untuk memperbaiki perangkat lunak tersebut jika rusak."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "You deserve free software."
+msgstr "Anda berhak atas perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid "The charges were subsequently dismissed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Esai ini telah dipublikasikan dalam buku <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/";
+"product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: "
+"The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 1994 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 3.0 Amerika Serikat</a> (CC BY-ND 3.0 US)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software Foundation (FSF)</a>, a tax-"
+#~ "exempt charity for free software development, raises funds by <a href=\"/"
+#~ "order/order.html\">selling</a> GNU <a href=\"/software/software.html\">CD-"
+#~ "ROMs</a>, <a href=\"/order/t-shirts.html\">T-shirts</a>, <a href=\"/doc/"
+#~ "doc.html\">manuals</a>, and <a href=\"/order/deluxe.html\">deluxe "
+#~ "distributions</a>, (all of which users are free to copy and change), as "
+#~ "well as from <a href=\"/help/donate.html\">donations</a>. It now has a "
+#~ "staff of five programmers, plus three employees who handle mail orders."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF, Yayasan "
+#~ "Perangkat Lunak Bebas), merupakan organisai amal <em>tax-exempt</em> "
+#~ "(dapat digunakan untuk pemotongan pajak), mencari dana dengan <a href="
+#~ "\"http://order.fsf.org/\";>berjualan</a> <a href=\"/software/software.html"
+#~ "\">CD-ROM</a>, <a href=\"http://order.fsf.org/\";>kaos</a>, <a href=\"/doc/"
+#~ "doc.html\">panduan</a>, dan <a href=\"http://order.fsf.org/\";>distribusi "
+#~ "istimewa</a>, (seluruh pemakai bebas untuk menyalin dan mengubah), dan "
+#~ "juga <a href=\"http://donate.fsf.org/\";>sumbangan</a>. FSF sekarang "
+#~ "memiliki lima staf programer, ditambah tiga pegawai yang menangani "
+#~ "pesanan."
Index: philosophy/po/x.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/x.id.po
diff -N philosophy/po/x.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/x.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+# Indonesian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/x.html
+# Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2005.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: philosophy/x.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-12-07 19:39+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2009-12-15 15:50+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "The X Window System Trap - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Perangkap Sistem X Window - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman, rms, free "
+"software movement"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to develop a free "
+"operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to develop a free "
+"operating system."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The X Window System Trap"
+msgstr "Perangkap Sistem X Window"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "oleh <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major controversies in "
+"the free software community. The idea of copyleft is that we should fight "
+"fire with fire—that we should use copyright to make sure our code "
+"stays free. The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) is one example of a "
+"copyleft license."
+msgstr ""
+"Distribusi copyleft atau bukan copyleft? Itu merupakan salah satu "
+"kontroversi terbesar dalam komunitas perangkat lunak bebas. Ide penggunaan "
+"perangkat lunak secara bebas adalah bahwa kita harus melawan api dengan
apiâ"
+"bahwa kita harus menggunakan hak cipta untuk memastikan kode kita bebas. "
+"Lisensi publik umum (<abbr title=\"General Public License\">GPL</abbr>) GNU "
+"adalah salah satu contoh lisensi copyleft."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution. Noncopyleft "
+"licenses such as the XFree86 and <a href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">BSD</a> "
+"licenses are based on the idea of never saying no to anyone—not even "
+"to someone who seeks to use your work as the basis for restricting other "
+"people. Noncopyleft licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the "
+"opportunity to actively protect our freedom to change and redistribute "
+"software. For that, we need copyleft."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa pengembang perangkat lunak lebih memilih distribusi yang bukan "
+"copyleft. Lisensi yang menggunakan seperti XFree86 dan lisensi <a href=\"/"
+"licenses/bsd.html\">BSD</a> dikembangkan berdasarkan ide untuk tidak pernah "
+"berkata tidak pada orang lainâtidak bahkan kepada seseorang yang ingin "
+"menggunakan hasil pekerjaan Anda sebagai dasar untuk membatasi orang lain. "
+"Lisensi yang non-copyleft tidak salah, tapi menghilangkan peluang untuk "
+"secara aktif melindungi kebebasan kita dalam mengubah dan mendistribusikan "
+"kembali perangkat lunak. Untuk itu, kita memerlukan lisensi penggunaan "
+"perangkat lunak secara bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For many years, the X Consortium was the chief opponent of copyleft. It "
+"exerted both moral suasion and pressure to discourage free software "
+"developers from copylefting their programs. It used moral suasion by "
+"suggesting that it is not nice to say no. It used pressure through its rule "
+"that copylefted software could not be in the X Distribution."
+msgstr ""
+"Untuk sekian lama, Konsorsium X merupakan pesaing utama lisesnsi penggunaan "
+"perangkat lunak secara bebas. Mereka menggunakan, baik bujukan mau pun "
+"tekanan moral untuk menghalangi para pengembang perangkat lunak bebas untuk "
+"menjadikan program mereka bebas. Mereka menggunakan bujukan moral dengan "
+"mendoktrin bahwa tidak baik mengatakan tidak. Mereka juga menggunakan "
+"tekanan melalui peraturan yang mengatakan bahwa perangkat lunak bebas tidak "
+"dapat dimasukkan ke dalam Distribusi X."
+
+# | Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their
+# | [-definition-] {+conception+} of success. The X Consortium defined
+# | success as popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to
+# | use the X Window System. This definition put the computer companies in
+# | the driver's [-seat. Whatever-] {+seat: whatever+} they wanted, the X
+# | Consortium had to help them get it.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their "
+#| "definition of success. The X Consortium defined success as "
+#| "popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to use the X "
+#| "Window System. This definition put the computer companies in the "
+#| "driver's seat. Whatever they wanted, the X Consortium had to help them "
+#| "get it."
+msgid ""
+"Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their "
+"conception of success. The X Consortium defined success as popularity—"
+"specifically, getting computer companies to use the X Window System. This "
+"definition put the computer companies in the driver's seat: whatever they "
+"wanted, the X Consortium had to help them get it."
+msgstr ""
+"Mengapa Konsorsium X mengikuti kebijakan ini? Ini ada hubungannya dengan "
+"definisi mereka akan sukses. Konsorsium X mendefinisikan sukses sebagai "
+"popularitasâyaitu, dengan membujuk perusahaan-perusahaan komputer untuk "
+"menggunakan Sistem X Window. Definisi ini menempatkan perusahaan-perusahaan "
+"komputer pada kursi supir. Apapun yang mereka inginkan, Konsorsium X harus "
+"membantu mereka mendapatkannya."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Computer companies normally distribute proprietary software. They wanted "
+"free software developers to donate their work for such use. If they had "
+"asked for this directly, people would have laughed. But the X Consortium, "
+"fronting for them, could present this request as an unselfish one. “"
+"Join us in donating our work to proprietary software developers,” they "
+"said, suggesting that this is a noble form of self-sacrifice. “Join "
+"us in achieving popularity,” they said, suggesting that it was not "
+"even a sacrifice."
+msgstr ""
+"Perusahaan komputer pada umumnya mendistribusikan perangkat lunak "
+"berpemilik. Mereka menginginkan para pengembang perangkat lunak bebas untuk "
+"mendonasikan hasil pekerjaan mereka untuk kegunaan seperti itu. Seandainya "
+"mereka meminta hal ini secara langsung, orang-orang akan tertawa. Tetapi "
+"Konsorsium X sepertinya mendukung mereka, dengan menyajikan permintaan ini "
+"sehingga tidak mengesankan mementingkan diri sendiri. âBergabunglah dengan "
+"kami dalam mendonasikan hasil pekerjaan kami kepada pengembang perangkat "
+"lunak berpemilik,â mereka berbicara, mendoktrin bahwa ini adalah suatu "
+"bentuk pengorbanan diri yang mulia. âBergabunglah dengan kami dalam "
+"mencapai popularitas,â mereka berbicara, mendoktrin bahwa itu bahkan bukan "
+"merupakan pengorbanan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But self-sacrifice is not the issue: tossing away the defense that copyleft "
+"provides, which protects the freedom of the whole community, is sacrificing "
+"more than yourself. Those who granted the X Consortium's request entrusted "
+"the community's future to the goodwill of the X Consortium."
+msgstr ""
+"Namun pengorbanan diri bukanlah persoalannya: membuang pertahanan yang "
+"disediakan oleh lisensi penggunaan perangkat lunak bebas, yang melindungi "
+"kebebasan seluruh komunitas, berarti mengorbankan lebih dari diri sendiri. "
+"Mereka yang membenarkan permintaan Konsorsium X, mempercayakan masa depan "
+"komunitas kepada kepentingan Konsorsium X."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This trust was misplaced. In its last year, the X Consortium made a plan to "
+"restrict the forthcoming X11R6.4 release so that it would not be free "
+"software. They decided to start saying no, not only to proprietary software "
+"developers, but to our community as well."
+msgstr ""
+"Kepercayaan ini tidak pada tempatnya. Pada tahun terakhir, Konsorsium X "
+"membuat rencana untuk membatasi pelepasan X11R6.4 agar tidak menjadi "
+"perangkat lunak bebas. Mereka memutuskan untuk mulai berkata tidak, bukan "
+"hanya kepada pengembang perangkat lunak hak paten, namun juga kepada "
+"komunitas kita."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is an irony here. If you said yes when the X Consortium asked you not "
+"to use copyleft, you put the X Consortium in a position to license and "
+"restrict its version of your program, along with the code for the core of X."
+msgstr ""
+"Disinilah ironinya. Seandainya Anda mengatakan ya pada saat Konsorsium X "
+"meminta Anda untuk tidak menggunakan lisensi penggunaan perangkat lunak "
+"secara bebas, Anda menempatkan Konsorsium X pada posisi dimana mereka dapat "
+"mematenkan dan membatasi versi mereka dari program Anda, bersama dengan kode "
+"untuk inti X."
+
+# | The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down and
+# | transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now carrying
+# | out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them to release
+# | X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned restrictive
+# | license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They were firmly
+# | against staying with the old X11 distribution terms.) Before they said
+# | yes or no to this proposal, it had already failed for another reason: the
+# | XFree86 group [-follows-] {+followed+} the X Consortium's old policy, and
+# | will not accept copylefted software.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down and "
+#| "transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now carrying "
+#| "out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them to release "
+#| "X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned restrictive "
+#| "license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They were firmly "
+#| "against staying with the old X11 distribution terms.) Before they said "
+#| "yes or no to this proposal, it had already failed for another reason: the "
+#| "XFree86 group follows the X Consortium's old policy, and will not accept "
+#| "copylefted software."
+msgid ""
+"The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down and "
+"transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now carrying "
+"out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them to release "
+"X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned restrictive "
+"license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They were firmly against "
+"staying with the old X11 distribution terms.) Before they said yes or no to "
+"this proposal, it had already failed for another reason: the XFree86 group "
+"followed the X Consortium's old policy, and will not accept copylefted "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Konsorsium X tidak meneruskan rencana ini. Sebaliknya mereka tutup dan "
+"mentransfer pengembangan X ke Open Group, yang stafnya sekarang sedang "
+"menjalankan rencana yang mirip. Untuk memberikan mereka kredit, saat saya "
+"minta mereka untuk melepas X11R6.4 dibawah GNU GPL secara paralel dengan "
+"rencana pembatasan mereka, mereka bersedia untuk mempertimbangkan usulan "
+"tersebut. (Mereka dengan tegas menolak untuk tetap mempertahankan "
+"persyaratan distribusi X11 yang lama). Sebelum mereka mengatakan ya atau "
+"tidak kepada usulan ini, ternyata rencana kembali gagal karena alasan lain: "
+"kelompok XFree86 mengikuti kebijakan lama Konsorsium X, dan tidak akan "
+"menerima perangkat lunak yang merupakan perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+# | In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with nonfree
+# | distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and rereleased it
+# | under the same noncopyleft free software license that was used for
+# | X11R6.3. [-Thank you,-] {+Thus, the+} Open [-Group.-] {+Group therefore
+# | eventually did what was right, but that does not alter the general issue.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with nonfree "
+#| "distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and rereleased "
+#| "it under the same noncopyleft free software license that was used for "
+#| "X11R6.3. Thank you, Open Group."
+msgid ""
+"In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with nonfree "
+"distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and rereleased it "
+"under the same noncopyleft free software license that was used for X11R6.3. "
+"Thus, the Open Group therefore eventually did what was right, but that does "
+"not alter the general issue."
+msgstr ""
+"[Pada September 1998, beberapa bulan setelah X11R6.4 dilepas dengan "
+"persyaratan distribusi secara tidak bebas, Open Group membalikkan keputusan "
+"mereka dan melepaskannya kembali dengan perangkat lunak berpemilik, yang "
+"digunakan untuk X11R6.3. Terima kasih, Open Group.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Even if the X Consortium and the Open Group had never planned to restrict X, "
+"someone else could have done it. Noncopylefted software is vulnerable from "
+"all directions; it lets anyone make a nonfree version dominant, if he will "
+"invest sufficient resources to add significantly important features using "
+"proprietary code. Users who choose software based on technical "
+"characteristics, rather than on freedom, could easily be lured to the "
+"nonfree version for short-term convenience."
+msgstr ""
+"Bahkan seandainya Konsorsium X dan Open Group tidak pernah merencanakan "
+"untuk membatasi X, orang lain dapat saja melakukannya. Perangkat lunak yang "
+"berpemilik mudah diserang dari segala arah; dengan memungkinkan siapa saja "
+"membuat suatu versi tidak-bebas menjadi dominan, apabila orang tersebut mau "
+"menginvestasikan sumber daya yang cukup untuk menambahkan fitur-fitur "
+"penting dengan menggunakan kode berpemilik. Pengguna yang memilih perangkat "
+"lunak berdasarkan karakteristik teknikal, lebih daripada berdasarkan "
+"kebebasan, dapat dengan mudah dibujuk kepada versi tidak-bebas untuk "
+"kenyamanan jangka pendek."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The X Consortium and Open Group can no longer exert moral suasion by saying "
+"that it is wrong to say no. This will make it easier to decide to copyleft "
+"your X-related software."
+msgstr ""
+"Konsorsium X dan Open Group tidak dapat lagi menggunakan bujukan moral "
+"dengan mengatakan bahwa berkata tidak adalah salah. Ini akan mempermudah "
+"mengambil keputusan untuk membebaskan perangkat lunak Anda yang berhubungan "
+"dengan X."
+
+# | When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server, Xlib,
+# | and Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The X.org group
+# | does an important job for the community in maintaining these programs, and
+# | the benefit of copylefting our changes would be less than the harm done by
+# | a fork in development. So it is better to work with [-the XFree86 group-]
+# | {+them,+} and not copyleft our changes on these programs. Likewise for
+# | utilities such as <tt>xset</tt> and <tt>xrdb</tt>, which are close to the
+# | core of X and [-which-] do not need major improvements. At least we know
+# | that the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
+# | free software.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server, Xlib, "
+#| "and Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The X.org group "
+#| "does an important job for the community in maintaining these programs, "
+#| "and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be less than the harm "
+#| "done by a fork in development. So it is better to work with the XFree86 "
+#| "group and not copyleft our changes on these programs. Likewise for "
+#| "utilities such as <tt>xset</tt> and <tt>xrdb</tt>, which are close to the "
+#| "core of X and which do not need major improvements. At least we know "
+#| "that the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs "
+#| "as free software."
+msgid ""
+"When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server, Xlib, and "
+"Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The X.org group does "
+"an important job for the community in maintaining these programs, and the "
+"benefit of copylefting our changes would be less than the harm done by a "
+"fork in development. So it is better to work with them, and not copyleft "
+"our changes on these programs. Likewise for utilities such as <tt>xset</tt> "
+"and <tt>xrdb</tt>, which are close to the core of X and do not need major "
+"improvements. At least we know that the X.org group has a firm commitment "
+"to developing these programs as free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Saat Anda mengerjakan inti dari X, pada program seperti server X, Xlib, dan "
+"Xt, terdapat alasan yang praktis untuk tidak menggunakan perangkat lunak "
+"bebas. Kelompok X.org melakukan pekerjaan penting untuk komunitas dalam "
+"memelihara program-program ini dan keuntungan membebaskan perangkat lunak "
+"tersebut setiap perubahan akan lebih sedikit daripada kerugian yang "
+"diakibatkan sebuah garpu dalam pengembangan. Sehingga lebih baik bekerja "
+"dengan kelompok XFree86 dan tidak membebaskan perubahan kita pada program-"
+"program ini. Begitupun untuk penggunaan seperti <tt>xset</tt> dan <tt>xrdb</"
+"tt>, yang dekat dengan inti dari X, dan yang tidak memerlukan perbaikan-"
+"perbaikan yang besar. Setidaknya kita mengetahui bahwa kelompok X.org "
+"memiliki komitmen yang tegas untuk mengembangkan program-program ini sebagai "
+"perangkat lunak bebas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The issue is different for programs outside the core of X: applications, "
+"window managers, and additional libraries and widgets. There is no reason "
+"not to copyleft them, and we should copyleft them."
+msgstr ""
+"Persoalannya berbeda untuk program diluar inti dari X: aplikasi, manajer "
+"window, dan tambahan library dan widget. Tidak ada alasan untuk tidak "
+"membebaskan perangkat lunak mereka, dan memang seharusnya kita membebaskan "
+"mereka."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In case anyone feels the pressure exerted by the criteria for inclusion in "
+"the X distributions, the GNU Project will undertake to publicize copylefted "
+"packages that work with X. If you would like to copyleft something, and you "
+"worry that its omission from the X distribution will impede its popularity, "
+"please ask us to help."
+msgstr ""
+"Seandainya seseorang merasakan tekanan yang dikeluarkan oleh kriteria untuk "
+"penyertaan dalam distribusi X, proyek GNU berjanji untuk mempublikasikan "
+"paket perangkat lunak bebas yang bekerja dengan X. Bila Anda ingin "
+"membebaskan suatu perangkat lunak, dan Anda khawatir bahwa "
+"ketidakikutsertaannya dalam distribusi X akan menghalangi popularitasnya, "
+"silahkan meminta bantuan kepada kami."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the same time, it is better if we do not feel too much need for "
+"popularity. When a businessman tempts you with “more popularity,"
+"” he may try to convince you that his use of your program is crucial "
+"to its success. Don't believe it! If your program is good, it will find "
+"many users anyway; you don't need to feel desperate for any particular "
+"users, and you will be stronger if you do not. You can get an indescribable "
+"sense of joy and freedom by responding, “Take it or leave it—"
+"that's no skin off my back.” Often the businessman will turn around "
+"and accept the program with copyleft, once you call the bluff."
+msgstr ""
+"Pada saat yang sama, sebenarnya lebih baik bila kita tidak merasa terlalu "
+"butuh popularitas. Saat seorang pengusaha membujuk Anda dengan âpopularitas
"
+"yang lebih banyak,â ia dapat saja meyakinkan Anda bahwa penggunaan program "
+"Anda olehnya merupakan unsur yang terpenting untuk dapat meraih sukses. "
+"Jangan percaya itu! Apabila program Anda bagus, maka akan banyak yang "
+"menggunakannya bagaimanapun juga; Anda tidak perlu merasa putus asa untuk "
+"seorang pengguna tertentu, dan Anda akan lebih kuat bila tidak. Anda bisa "
+"mendapatkan suatu perasaan tak terlukiskan yang terdiri dari kegembiraan dan "
+"kebebasan dengan menjawab, âAmbil atau tinggalkanâtidak ada bagian yang "
+"ditutup-tutupi.â Seringkali pengusaha tersebut akan berbalik dan menerima "
+"program bebas, sekalinya Anda menggertak."
+
+# | Friends, free software developers, don't repeat [-a mistake.-] {+old
+# | mistakes!+} If we do not copyleft our software, we put its future at the
+# | mercy of anyone equipped with more resources than scruples. With
+# | copyleft, we can defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
+# | community.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Friends, free software developers, don't repeat a mistake. If we do not "
+#| "copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone equipped "
+#| "with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can defend freedom, "
+#| "not just for ourselves, but for our whole community."
+msgid ""
+"Friends, free software developers, don't repeat old mistakes! If we do not "
+"copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone equipped "
+"with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can defend freedom, "
+"not just for ourselves, but for our whole community."
+msgstr ""
+"Teman-teman, para pengembang perangkat lunak bebas, jangan mengulang sebuah "
+"kesalahan. Bila kita tidak membebaskan perangkat lunak kita, kita meletakkan "
+"masa depan perangkat lunak tersebut pada kekuasaan seseorang yang dibekali "
+"dengan sumber daya lebih dari pada ketidakpastian. Dengan izin perangkat "
+"lunak bebas, kita dapat membela kebebasan, tidak hanya untuk kita sendiri, "
+"namun untuk seluruh komunitas."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2009, 2015 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 1998, 1999 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 4.0 Internasional</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
Index: testimonials/po/testimonials.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: testimonials/po/testimonials.id.po
diff -N testimonials/po/testimonials.id.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ testimonials/po/testimonials.id.po 8 Dec 2016 16:23:12 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# Indonedian translation of http://www.gnu.org/testimonials/testimonials.html
+# Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU, 2001.
+# Dec 2016: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: testimonials/testimonials.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-05 00:03+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: id\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2002-10-28 22:20+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "GNU Testimonials - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Penghargaan GNU - Proyek GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "GNU Testimonials"
+msgstr "Penghargaan GNU"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software isn't simply a pastime for programmers; it's a productive "
+"contributor to people and businesses all over the world. From ornamental "
+"ribbon makers, to scientific researchers, free software aids hundreds of "
+"thousands of people in their everyday work. Its development continues at "
+"blazing speed to fill the insatiable needs of users in all types of "
+"applications."
+msgstr ""
+"Perangkat lunak bebas bukanlah sekedar hasil para programer menghabiskan "
+"waktu luang; namun merupakan penyumbang produktivitas bagi masyarakat serta "
+"kegiatan bisnis seantero jagad. Dari para pembuat perhiasan pita, hingga "
+"para peneliti ilmiah, perangkat lunak bebas membantu ratusan ribu orang "
+"dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Laju pengembangan yang luar biasa ini, "
+"mengatasi ketidakpuasan para pengguna selama ini."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Project has been a major influence on free software development for "
+"more than a decade, creating a myriad of important tools such as robust "
+"compilers, powerful text editors, and even a fully functional operating "
+"system. The project was started in 1984 by MIT programmer Richard Stallman "
+"to create a free, Unix-like operating environment. Since then, thousands of "
+"programmers have joined in the effort to produce free, high quality software "
+"which is accessible to everyone."
+msgstr ""
+"Proyek GNU berada di garis depan dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas "
+"selama lebih dari satu dasawarsa. Proyek ini telah mengembangkan berbagai "
+"perangkat penting seperti kompiler yang mantap, editor teks yang canggih, "
+"mau pun sistem operasi dengan fungsi yang lengkap. Proyek ini dimulai tahun "
+"1984 oleh programmer MIT, Richard Stallman untuk mengembangkan sistem "
+"operasi serupa Unix yang bebas. Setelah itu, ribuan programer bergabung "
+"dalam kegiatan untuk memproduksi perangkat lunak bebas berkualitas tinggi "
+"untuk semua."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These testimonials challenge the misconceptions that free software is "
+"impractical, unreliable, and unsupported."
+msgstr ""
+"Beberapa penghargaan berikut ini menantang anggapan keliru perihal perangkat "
+"lunak bebas sebagai sesuatu yang tidak praktis, tidak dapat diandalkan, dan "
+"tidak didukung/dipelihara."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/testimonials/useful.html\">Free Software is Useful</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/testimonials/useful.html\">Perangkat Lunak Bebas itu Berguna</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/testimonials/reliable.html\">Free Software is Reliable</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/testimonials/reliable.html\">Perangkat Lunak Bebas itu Handal</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/testimonials/supported.html\">Free Software is Supported</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/testimonials/supported.html\">Perangkat Lunak Bebas itu "
+"Terpelihara</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html\";>Why Open Source "
+"Software / Free Software (OSS/FS)? Look at the Numbers!</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html\";><em>Why Open Source "
+"Software/ Free Software (OSS/FS)? Look at the Numbers!</em></a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/high-assurance-floss.html\";>High "
+"Assurance (for Security or Safety) and Free-Libre / Open Source Software "
+"(FLOSS)... with Lots on Formal Methods</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/high-assurance-floss.html";
+"\"><em>High Assurance (for Security or Safety) and Free-Libre / Open Source "
+"Software (FLOSS)... with Lots on Formal Methods</em></a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Other testimonials:"
+msgstr "Penghargaan Lainnya:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_mondrup.html\">A database application for organ "
+"transplantation waiting lists and quality control</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_mondrup.html\">Aplikasi basis data untuk antrian dalam "
+"transplantasi organ dan kontrol kualitas</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"testimonial_cadcam.html\">CAD/CAM Software</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"testimonial_cadcam.html\">Perangkat lunak CAD/CAM</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_HIRLAM.html\">HIRLAM Consortium</a> (meteorological "
+"research)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_HIRLAM.html\">Konsorsium HIRLAM</a> (penelitian "
+"meteorologi)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"testimonial_media.html\">Publishing and music production</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"testimonial_research_ships.html\">Research ships</a> performing "
+"deep seismic acquisition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you have a testimonial to make about free software, we'd like hear about "
+"it and add it to this page. Longer, detailed testimonials are much more "
+"useful than short testimonials. You can email your testimonials to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda mempunyai suatu penghargaan perihal perangkat lunak bebas, kami "
+"ingin dengar serta akan menambahkannya ke dalam halaman ini. Penjelasan "
+"penghargaan yang rinci akan lebih berguna. Anda dapat mengirimkan "
+"penghargaan anda ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan <strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> "
+"mengenai FSF dan GNU ke <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>. Cara <a href=\"/contact/\">lain menghubungi</a> FSF. Silakan memberitahu "
+"<strong>dalam bahasa Inggris</strong> hal yang berhubungan dengan web (link "
+"mati, usulan, dst.) ke <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>, Terimakasih."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
+"masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu lebih lanjut, "
+"silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/indoteam.id.html"
+"\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk berkas <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan menerjemahkan</a> untuk "
+"informasi tambahan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2012, 2013, 2014 "
+"Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.id\">Lisensi Creative Commons "
+"Atribusi-TanpaTurunan 3.0 Amerika Serikat</a> (CC BY-ND 3.0 US)."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia oleh <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"translations/id/indoteam.id.html\">Kelompok Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek "
+"GNU</a>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
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