[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html philosophy/po/no...
|
From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html philosophy/po/no... |
|
Date: |
Fri, 21 Oct 2016 10:32:44 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 16/10/21 10:32:43
Modified files:
philosophy : not-ipr.ar.html
philosophy/po : not-ipr.ar-en.html not-ipr.ar.po
server : home-pkgblurbs.fr.html
server/po : home-pkgblurbs.fr.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/home-pkgblurbs.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.99&r2=1.100
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/home-pkgblurbs.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122
Patches:
Index: philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html 19 Jun 2015 08:28:11 -0000 1.22
+++ philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html 21 Oct 2016 10:32:42 -0000 1.23
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po">
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-diff.html"
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2015-04-20" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -14,17 +9,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>Ø£ÙÙت ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¥ÙÙا سراب
Ùاذب</h2>
<p>بÙÙÙ
<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>رÙتشارد Ø¥Ù
. ستاÙÙ
Ù</a></p>
<p>
ÙÙد صار Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙضع ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر
Ùبراءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©
-(ÙÙÙ Ø«Ùاثة ÙÙاÙات Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ© ÙÙا Ø«Ùاثة
ÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ©) ÙإثÙا عشر
-ÙاÙÙÙÙا آخرÙا Ù٠طب٠ÙاØد Ùأ٠تÙسÙ
Ù ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“. Ø¥Ù Ùذا
+(ÙÙÙ Ø«Ùاثة ÙÙاÙات Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ© ÙÙا Ø«Ùاثة
ÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ© ÙØ°ÙÙ) ÙإثÙا
+عشر ÙاÙÙÙÙا آخرÙا Ù٠طب٠ÙاØد Ùأ٠تÙسÙ
Ù
”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“. Ø¥Ù Ùذا
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
ضÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
Ø´ÙØ´ ÙÙ
ÙÙتج ع٠Ù
صادÙØ© Ù
ØØ¶Ø©Ø ÙÙد رÙجت٠اÙشرÙات اÙÙ
ستÙÙدة
-Ù
٠اÙÙØºØ·Ø ÙØ£Ùض٠ÙسÙÙØ© ÙÙتخÙص Ù
Ù٠تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ
رÙض اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø¬Ù
ÙØ© ÙتÙصÙÙا.
+Ù
٠اÙÙØºØ·Ø ÙØ£Ùض٠ÙسÙÙØ© ÙÙتخÙص Ù
Ù٠تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ
رÙض اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø¬Ù
ÙØ© ÙتÙصÙÙاÙ.
</p>
<p>
@@ -32,10 +26,10 @@
”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“ Ùاتج ع٠عادة عÙبت عاÙ
1967 اÙذ٠تأسست ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø©
”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ اÙعاÙÙ
ÙØ© (WIPO)Ø
ÙØ£ØµØ¨Ø Ø´Ø§Ø¦Ø¹Ùا جدÙا Ù٠اÙسÙÙات
اÙÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
اضÙØ© ÙÙØ·. (تعد WIPO رسÙ
ÙÙا Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø©
تابعة ÙÙØ£Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ
-اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙ
Ø«Ù ØاÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات
اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©.) استخداÙ
-Ùاسع ÙÙتÙارÙØ® Ù
Ù <a
+اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙ
Ø«Ù ØاÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات
اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©.) ÙÙعÙد
+اÙاستخداÙ
اÙÙاسع ÙÙÙظ Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href="http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1";>
-ØÙاÙÙ 1990 </a>.(<a href="/graphics/seductivemirage.png"> Ùسخة Ù
ØÙÙØ©
+ØÙاÙ٠عاÙ
1990 </a>.(<a href="/graphics/seductivemirage.png"> Ùسخة
Ù
ØÙÙØ©
ÙÙصÙرة</a>)
</p>
@@ -46,8 +40,8 @@
اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
تخصصÙÙ ÙØدÙÙ
ÙعرÙÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ.) Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ©
Ùا تشب٠ÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
ØسÙØ³Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
استخداÙ
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ùجع٠اÙÙ
شرعÙÙ ÙغÙرÙÙÙا
ÙتشبÙÙØ ÙبÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ùذا اÙتغÙÙر ÙعÙس Ø·Ù
ÙØ
اÙشرÙات اÙت٠تستÙÙد Ù
Ù ÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر
-Ùبرءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥Ù
اÙØ®ÙØ· اÙÙاتج ع٠Ù
صطÙØ ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ©
-ÙÙرÙØ©“ ÙرÙÙ ÙÙÙ
.
+Ùبراءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥Ù
اÙØ®ÙØ· اÙÙاتج ع٠Ù
صطÙØ
+”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ ÙرÙÙ ÙÙÙ
.
</p>
<p>
@@ -137,7 +131,7 @@
</p>
<blockquote><p>
-Ùا٠صائع٠دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة ÙتبÙÙÙ
ÙÙاعة تدعÙ
اÙتÙاÙس Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
+Ùا٠صاÙع٠دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة ÙتبÙÙÙ
ÙÙاعة تدعÙ
اÙتÙاÙس Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©Ø Ø®ÙاÙÙا ÙØ£ØÙادÙÙ
اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙعÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
WIPO. ÙÙد Ø¢Ù
ÙÙا بأ٠اÙØÙÙÙ Ùد تÙÙÙ
ضرÙرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙدÙا Ø£Ùد٠اÙÙÙÙغرس ÙØجرÙا
عÙ٠سÙطت٠بطر٠Ù
تعددة.
</p></blockquote>
@@ -204,6 +198,11 @@
<hr />
<p>
+اÙظر Ø£Ùضا٠<a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">اÙÙصة
اÙعجÙبة ÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙغستاÙ
+(Ø£Ù ÙÙ٠تÙدÙ
Ù
صطÙØ (“اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©”)</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
إ٠أÙج٠اÙتشاب٠بÙ٠اÙدÙ٠اﻷÙرÙÙÙØ© تÙÙÙ
بÙØ«Ùر Ø£Ùج٠اÙتشاب٠بÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙØ
ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù “Ø£ÙرÙÙÙا” تشÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙ
جغراÙÙا٠Ù
ترابطاÙ. ÙÙ
ع Ø°ÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>
اÙØدÙØ«
@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013 رÙتشارد Ù
. ستاÙÙ
Ù</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016 رÙتشارد Ù
.
ستاÙÙ
Ù</p>
<p>Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ar";>رخصة اÙÙ
شاع
@@ -286,7 +285,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2015/06/19 08:28:11 $
+$Date: 2016/10/21 10:32:42 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html 8 Dec 2014 18:00:14 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html 21 Oct 2016 10:32:43 -0000 1.3
@@ -225,6 +225,11 @@
<hr />
<p>
+See also <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">The Curious History of
+Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
Countries in Africa are a lot more similar than these laws, and
“Africa” is a coherent geographical concept; nonetheless,
<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
@@ -293,7 +298,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/12/08 18:00:14 $
+$Date: 2016/10/21 10:32:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po 21 Oct 2016 10:21:05 -0000 1.32
+++ philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po 21 Oct 2016 10:32:43 -0000 1.33
@@ -18,18 +18,23 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2015-04-20 08:09+0000\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=6; plural=n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 &&
n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 && n%100<=99 ? 4 : 5;\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=6; plural=n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 "
+"&& n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 && n%100<=99 ? 4 : 5;\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.5\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
-msgstr "Ø£ÙÙت ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¥ÙÙا سراب
Ùاذب - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+msgid ""
+"Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage - "
+"GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Ø£ÙÙت ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¥ÙÙا سراب Ùاذب -
Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة "
+"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
# type: Content of: <h2>
#. type: Content of: <h2>
-msgid "Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage"
+msgid ""
+"Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage"
msgstr "Ø£ÙÙت ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¥ÙÙا سراب
Ùاذب"
# type: Content of: <p>
@@ -39,128 +44,401 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and
trademarks—three separate and different entities involving three separate
and different sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into one pot and call
it “intellectual property”. The distorting and confusing term did
not become common by accident. Companies that gain from the confusion promoted
it. The clearest way out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely."
-msgstr "ÙÙد صار Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙضع ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر
Ùبراءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© (ÙÙÙ
Ø«Ùاثة ÙÙاÙات Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ© ÙÙا Ø«Ùاثة
ÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ© ÙØ°ÙÙ) ÙإثÙا عشر
ÙاÙÙÙÙا آخرÙا Ù٠طب٠ÙاØد Ùأ٠تÙسÙ
Ù ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“. Ø¥Ù Ùذا اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
ضÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
Ø´ÙØ´ ÙÙ
ÙÙتج ع٠Ù
صادÙØ© Ù
ØØ¶Ø©Ø ÙÙد رÙجتÙ
اÙشرÙات اÙÙ
ستÙÙدة Ù
٠اÙÙØºØ·Ø ÙØ£Ùض٠ÙسÙÙØ©
ÙÙتخÙص Ù
Ù٠تÙÙ
Ù Ù٠رÙض اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø¬Ù
ÙØ©
ÙتÙصÙÙاÙ."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School, the
widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is a fashion
that followed the 1967 founding of the World “Intellectual
Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in recent
years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents the
interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.) Wide use
dates from <a
href=\"http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1\";>around
1990</a>. (<a href=\"/graphics/seductivemirage.png\">Local image copy</a>)"
-msgstr "ÙÙÙ٠اÙأستاذ Mark LemleyØ Ø£Ø³ØªØ§Ø° ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù٠ستاÙدÙÙØ±Ø¯Ø Ø£Ù Ø§Ùتشار Ù
صطÙØ ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“ Ùاتج ع٠عادة عÙبت عاÙ
1967 اÙØ°Ù
تأسست ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø© ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“
اÙعاÙÙ
ÙØ© (WIPO)Ø ÙØ£ØµØ¨Ø Ø´Ø§Ø¦Ø¹Ùا جدÙا Ù٠اÙسÙÙات
اÙÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
اضÙØ© ÙÙØ·. (تعد WIPO رسÙ
ÙÙا Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø©
تابعة ÙÙØ£Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙا Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙ
Ø«Ù
ØاÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©.) ÙÙعÙد اÙاستخداÙ
اÙÙاسع ÙÙÙظ
Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href=\"http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1\";>
ØÙاÙ٠عاÙ
1990 </a>.(<a href=\"/graphics/seductivemirage.png\">
Ùسخة Ù
ØÙÙØ© ÙÙصÙرة</a>)"
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The term carries a bias that is not hard to see: it suggests thinking
about copyright, patents and trademarks by analogy with property rights for
physical objects. (This analogy is at odds with the legal philosophies of
copyright law, of patent law, and of trademark law, but only specialists know
that.) These laws are in fact not much like physical property law, but use of
this term leads legislators to change them to be more so. Since that is the
change desired by the companies that exercise copyright, patent and trademark
powers, the bias introduced by the term “intellectual property”
suits them."
-msgstr "إ٠اÙÙ
صطÙØ ÙØÙ
Ù Ø®ÙØ·Ùا ÙÙس Ù
٠اÙصعب Ù
ÙاØظتÙØ ÙÙÙ Ùشب٠ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات
اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© بØÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙأجساÙ
اÙÙ
ØسÙسة. (Ø¥Ù Ùذا اÙتشبÙÙ Ùتعارض Ù
ع
اÙÙÙسÙØ© اÙÙاÙÙÙÙØ© ÙÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر ÙÙاÙÙÙ
براءات اÙاختراع ÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø
ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
تخصصÙÙ ÙØدÙÙ
ÙعرÙÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ.) ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© Ùا تشب٠ÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙ
ØسÙØ³Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ùجع٠اÙÙ
شرعÙÙ ÙغÙرÙÙÙا ÙتشبÙÙØ ÙبÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ùذا اÙتغÙÙر
ÙعÙس Ø·Ù
ÙØ Ø§ÙشرÙات اÙت٠تستÙÙد Ù
Ù ÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
اÙÙشر Ùبراءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات
اÙتجارÙØ©Ø Ùإ٠اÙØ®ÙØ· اÙÙاتج ع٠Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©&ldq
uo; ÙرÙÙ ÙÙÙ
."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The bias is reason enough to reject the term, and people have often
asked me to propose some other name for the overall category—or have
proposed their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions include IMPs,
for Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for Government-Originated Legally
Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of “exclusive rights regimes”, but
referring to restrictions as “rights” is doublethink too."
-msgstr "إ٠اÙØ®ÙØ· Ùعد سببÙا ÙاÙÙÙا ÙرÙض اÙÙ
صطÙØØ ÙÙÙد Ø·Ùب Ù
Ù٠اÙÙاس Ù
رارÙا أ٠أÙØªØ±Ø Ø£Ø³Ù
اء٠أخر٠ÙÙا Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
ا اÙØªØ±Ø Ø§Ùبعض بدائ٠Ù
Ù
عÙدÙÙ
(بعضÙا عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙطراÙØ©). Ù
٠اÙأسÙ
اء
اÙÙ
ÙترØØ© IMPs (Imposed Monopoly Privileges) اÙصÙاØÙات
اÙاØتÙارÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙرÙØ¶Ø©Ø Ù GOLEMs (Government-Originated
Legally Enforced Monopolies) اÙاØتÙارات اÙت٠تÙظÙ
اÙØÙÙÙ
Ø© ÙرضÙا ÙاÙÙÙÙÙا. اÙØªØ±Ø Ø§Ùبعض ”Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø©
اÙØÙÙ٠اÙØصرÙØ©“ ÙÙ٠تسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙÙÙد
”ØÙÙÙÙا“ Ø®ÙØ· Ø£ÙضÙا."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Some of these alternative names would be an improvement, but it is a
mistake to replace “intellectual property” with any other term. A
different name will not address the term's deeper problem: overgeneralization.
There is no such unified thing as “intellectual property”—it
is a mirage. The only reason people think it makes sense as a coherent
category is that widespread use of the term has misled them about the laws in
question."
-msgstr "Ùد ÙÙÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠استخداÙ
بعض تÙ٠اÙأسÙ
Ø§Ø¡Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙخطأ تعÙÙض ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ بأ٠ÙÙظ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø Ùأ٠أ٠ÙÙظ آخر ÙÙ
ÙعاÙج اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙأساسÙØ©Ø Ø£Ùا ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
باÙغة
Ù٠اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
. Ùا ÙÙجد Ø´ÙØ¡ ÙاØد اسÙ
Ù ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ©
ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¨Ù Ù٠سراب. إ٠اÙاÙتشار اÙÙاسع
ÙاستخداÙ
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ù٠اÙØ£Ù
ر اÙÙØÙد اÙØ°Ù ÙجعÙ
اÙÙاس ÙظÙÙ٠أÙ٠تصÙÙÙ Ù
ÙائÙ
."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The term “intellectual property” is at best a catch-all to
lump together disparate laws. Nonlawyers who hear one term applied to these
various laws tend to assume they are based on a common principle and function
similarly."
-msgstr "Ø£Ùض٠Ù
ا ÙÙا٠ع٠Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ Ø£Ù٠تجÙ
Ùع ÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
تÙرÙØ©. Ø¥Ù
غÙر اÙÙ
ØاÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙترضÙ٠أ٠تÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© أساسÙا ÙاØد ÙعÙ
ÙÙا Ù
تشاب٠عÙدÙ
ا ÙسÙ
عÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙ
صطÙØ."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Nothing could be further from the case. These laws originated
separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different
rules, and raise different public policy issues."
-msgstr "Ùا Ø´ÙØ¡ أبعد Ù
Ù Ùذا اÙاÙتراض. تÙÙ
اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠ذات أصÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
عÙا
عÙ٠أساس Ù
ختÙÙØ Ùتغط٠Ùشاطات Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙا
ÙÙاعد Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø Ùتؤثر عÙ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙ
Ù
٠جÙات Ù
ختÙÙØ©."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "For instance, copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art,
and covers the details of expression of a work. Patent law was intended to
promote the publication of useful ideas, at the price of giving the one who
publishes an idea a temporary monopoly over it—a price that may be worth
paying in some fields and not in others."
-msgstr "صÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر ÙتشجÙع اÙتأÙÙÙ
ÙاÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙ Ùغط٠تÙاصÙ٠اÙعÙ
ÙØ ÙØ£ÙرÙدÙ
بÙاÙÙ٠براءات اÙاختراع تشجÙع٠Ùشر اÙØ£ÙÙار
اÙÙ
ÙÙØ¯Ø©Ø Ù
Ùاب٠إعطاء Ù
Ù ÙÙشر ÙÙرة اØتÙارÙا
Ù
ؤÙتÙا ÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ Ø«Ù
Ù ÙستØ٠اÙدÙع Ù٠بعض اÙÙ
جاÙات ÙÙا ÙستØÙ Ù٠غÙرÙا."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular
way of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are buying.
Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual
property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides incentives
for advertising. And these are just three out of many laws that the term
refers to."
-msgstr "Ø£Ù
ا ÙاÙÙ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø ÙعÙÙ
اÙعÙØ³Ø ÙÙ
ÙÙرÙد ب٠تشجÙع أ٠تصر٠Ù
عÙÙØ Ø¨Ù ØªÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
شترÙÙ Ù
٠تÙ
ÙÙز Ù
ا ÙشترÙÙÙØ ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
شرعÙ٠تØت تأثÙر ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“
ØÙÙÙ٠إÙÙ ÙاÙÙÙ Ùشجع اÙإعÙاÙ."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Since these laws developed independently, they are different in every
detail, as well as in their basic purposes and methods. Thus, if you learn
some fact about copyright law, you'd be wise to assume that patent law is
different. You'll rarely go wrong!"
-msgstr "ÙبÙ
ا أ٠تÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ùد Ùشأت بشÙÙ Ù
ستÙÙØ ÙÙ٠تختÙÙ ÙÙ Ù٠تÙاصÙÙÙØ§Ø Ùذا
باÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙداÙÙا ÙÙسائÙÙا اÙأساسÙØ©Ø
ÙÙذا إ٠عرÙت Ø´ÙئÙا ع٠ÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙÙ
Ù
اÙØÙÙ
Ø© أ٠تÙترض Ø£Ù ÙاÙÙ٠براءات اÙاختراع
ÙخاÙÙÙ. ÙادرÙا Ù
ا ستخطئ!"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In practice, nearly all general statements you encounter that are
formulated using “intellectual property” will be false. For
instance, you'll see claims that “its” purpose is to “promote
innovation”, but that only fits patent law and perhaps plant variety
monopolies. Copyright law is not concerned with innovation; a pop song or
novel is copyrighted even if there is nothing innovative about it. Trademark
law is not concerned with innovation; if I start a tea store and call it
“rms tea”, that would be a solid trademark even if I sell the same
teas in the same way as everyone else. Trade secret law is not concerned with
innovation, except tangentially; my list of tea customers would be a trade
secret with nothing to do with innovation."
-msgstr "عÙ
ÙÙاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
عظÙ
اÙتصرÙØات اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙصاغÙØ© باستخداÙ
Ù
صطÙØ “اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©” خاطئة. ÙعÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ستجد تصرÙØات تزعÙ
بأ٠اÙÙد٠“Ù
ÙÙا” ÙÙ
“تØÙÙز اÙابتÙار”Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
Ø«Ù ÙØ°Ù
اÙتصرÙØات Ùا تتÙاسب Ø¥Ùا Ù
ع ÙاÙÙ٠براءات
اÙاختراع أ٠ربÙ
ا Ù
ع اÙاØتÙارات اÙÙ
رتبطة
باﻷصÙا٠اÙÙباتÙØ©. ÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ© Ùا
ÙÙÙ٠أÙÙ
ÙØ© تذÙر ÙÙابتÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙأغÙÙØ© اÙبÙب Ø£Ù
اÙرÙاÙØ© Ù
ØÙ
ÙØ© بÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ© ØتÙ
ÙØ¥Ù ÙاÙت تخÙÙ ÙÙÙا٠Ù
Ù Øس اÙابتÙار. ÙÙاÙÙÙ
اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© Ùا ÙÙتÙ
باÙابتÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙØ£ÙÙ
Ø¥Ù ÙتØت Ù
تجرا٠ÙبÙع اÙشا٠ÙسÙ
Ùت٠“rms
tea”Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ø
¹ÙاÙ
ت٠اÙتجارÙØ© Ùد ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø¹ÙاÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙØ© Øت٠إ٠ÙÙ
ت ببÙع ÙÙس أصÙا٠اÙشا٠بÙÙس اÙطرÙÙØ© ÙباÙÙ
اÙÙ
تاجر اﻷخرÙ. ÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙسر اÙتجار٠Ùا ÙÙتÙ
باÙابتÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙغاÙبا٠Ù
ا ÙبÙ٠دÙر٠ÙاÙ
Ø´Ùا٠ÙÙ
Ùذا اÙÙ
جاÙ. ÙائÙ
Ø© اÙزبائ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙÙ
اÙشا٠Ù
Ù Ù
تجر٠Ùد تÙÙ٠سرا٠تجارÙا٠رغÙ
اÙعداÙ
أ٠عÙاÙØ© ÙÙا باÙابتÙار. "
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "You will also see assertions that “intellectual property”
is concerned with “creativity”, but really that only fits copyright
law. More than creativity is needed to make a patentable invention. Trademark
law and trade secret law have nothing to do with creativity; the name
“rms tea” isn't creative at all, and neither is my secret list of
tea customers."
-msgstr "ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠تصرÙØات تؤÙد عÙ٠أ٠“اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©” تÙتÙ
“باÙابتÙار”Ø
ÙÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ Ùا ÙÙطب٠Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© Ø¥Ùا عÙÙ ÙاÙÙÙ
ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر. اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠اختراع Ù
ÙØÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
ببراءة اختراع Ùا ÙØتاج ÙÙØ· ÙØس اÙابتÙار.
ÙاÙÙ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© ÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙسر
اÙتجار٠Ùا ÙÙ
تÙا٠بأ٠صÙØ© ÙÙابتÙار. ÙÙس
ÙÙا٠ÙÙا ذرة Ù
٠اÙابتÙار Ù٠اسÙ
“rms
tea”Ø ÙÙا ÙÙ ÙائÙ
Ø© اÙزبائ٠اÙسرÙØ©."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "People often say “intellectual property” when they really
mean some larger or smaller set of laws. For instance, rich countries often
impose unjust laws on poor countries to squeeze money out of them. Some of
these laws are among those called “intellectual property” laws, and
others are not; nonetheless, critics of the practice often grab for that label
because it has become familiar to them. By using it, they misrepresent the
nature of the issue. It would be better to use an accurate term, such as
“legislative colonization”, that gets to the heart of the matter."
-msgstr "غاÙبÙا Ù
ا ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙاس ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ عÙدÙ
ا ÙعÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© تصÙÙÙÙا
Ø£Ùسع أ٠أصغر. ÙعÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ«ÙرÙا Ù
ا
تÙرض اÙدÙ٠اÙغÙÙØ© ÙÙاÙÙ٠جائرة عÙ٠اÙدÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙرة Ùأخذ Ø£Ù
ÙاÙÙا. بعض Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ
ÙÙاÙÙÙ ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø ÙبعضÙا ÙÙس
ÙØ°ÙÙ. ÙÙ
ÙتÙدÙا Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùذا
اÙÙ
صطÙØ ÙØ£Ù٠أضØÙ Ù
Ø£ÙÙÙÙا باÙÙسبة ÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
استخداÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ùا ÙدعÙ
اÙÙضÙØ©. Ù
٠اÙØ£ÙضÙ
استخداÙ
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø§ÙدÙÙÙ Ù
Ø«Ù ”اÙاستعÙ
ار
اÙتشرÙعٓ ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙتÙاÙ٠صÙب اÙÙضÙØ©."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law
professors who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the seductiveness
of the term “intellectual property”, and make general statements
that conflict with facts they know. For example, one professor wrote in 2006:"
-msgstr "Ùا ÙضÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø¹Ù
ÙÙ
اÙÙاس ÙØدÙÙ
Ø
ب٠إ٠صÙاع اÙÙرار Ø£Ùضا٠ÙخدعÙÙ ÙÙÙضÙÙÙÙ
بإغراء Ù
صطÙØ ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø
ÙÙÙصÙÙرØÙ٠بتصرÙØات عاÙ
Ø© تتÙاÙض Ù
ع Ù
ا
ÙعرÙÙÙÙ. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ùتب Ø£Øد اÙأستاذة
عاÙ
2006:"
+msgid ""
+"It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and trademarks—"
+"three separate and different entities involving three separate and different "
+"sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into one pot and call it “"
+"intellectual property”. The distorting and confusing term did not "
+"become common by accident. Companies that gain from the confusion promoted "
+"it. The clearest way out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙد صار Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙضع ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر
Ùبراءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© "
+"(ÙÙÙ Ø«Ùاثة ÙÙاÙات Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ© ÙÙا Ø«Ùاثة
ÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙصÙØ© ÙØ°ÙÙ) ÙإثÙا "
+"عشر ÙاÙÙÙÙا آخرÙا Ù٠طب٠ÙاØد Ùأ٠تÙسÙ
Ù
”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“. Ø¥Ù Ùذا "
+"اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
ضÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
Ø´ÙØ´ ÙÙ
ÙÙتج ع٠Ù
صادÙØ© Ù
ØØ¶Ø©Ø ÙÙد رÙجت٠اÙشرÙات اÙÙ
ستÙÙدة "
+"Ù
٠اÙÙØºØ·Ø ÙØ£Ùض٠ÙسÙÙØ© ÙÙتخÙص Ù
Ù٠تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ
رÙض اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø¬Ù
ÙØ© ÙتÙصÙÙاÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School, the "
+"widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is a fashion "
+"that followed the 1967 founding of the World “Intellectual "
+"Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in recent "
+"years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents the "
+"interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.) Wide use "
+"dates from <a href=\"http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual";
+"+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&"
+"smoothing=1\">around 1990</a>. (<a href=\"/graphics/seductivemirage.png"
+"\">Local image copy</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙ٠اÙأستاذ Mark LemleyØ Ø£Ø³ØªØ§Ø° ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙاÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ستاÙدÙÙØ±Ø¯Ø Ø£Ù Ø§Ùتشار Ù
صطÙØ "
+"”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“ Ùاتج ع٠عادة عÙبت عاÙ
1967 اÙذ٠تأسست ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø© "
+"”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ اÙعاÙÙ
ÙØ© (WIPO)Ø
ÙØ£ØµØ¨Ø Ø´Ø§Ø¦Ø¹Ùا جدÙا Ù٠اÙسÙÙات "
+"اÙÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
اضÙØ© ÙÙØ·. (تعد WIPO رسÙ
ÙÙا Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø©
تابعة ÙÙØ£Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ "
+"اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙ
Ø«Ù ØاÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات
اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©.) ÙÙعÙد "
+"اÙاستخداÙ
اÙÙاسع ÙÙÙظ Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href=\"http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?";
+"content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&"
+"corpus=0&smoothing=1\"> ØÙاÙ٠عاÙ
1990 </a>.(<a href=\"/graphics/"
+"seductivemirage.png\"> Ùسخة Ù
ØÙÙØ© ÙÙصÙرة</a>)"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term carries a bias that is not hard to see: it suggests thinking about "
+"copyright, patents and trademarks by analogy with property rights for "
+"physical objects. (This analogy is at odds with the legal philosophies of "
+"copyright law, of patent law, and of trademark law, but only specialists "
+"know that.) These laws are in fact not much like physical property law, but "
+"use of this term leads legislators to change them to be more so. Since that "
+"is the change desired by the companies that exercise copyright, patent and "
+"trademark powers, the bias introduced by the term “intellectual "
+"property” suits them."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠اÙÙ
صطÙØ ÙØÙ
Ù Ø®ÙØ·Ùا ÙÙس Ù
٠اÙصعب Ù
ÙاØظتÙØ ÙÙÙ Ùشب٠ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات "
+"اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© بØÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙأجساÙ
اÙÙ
ØسÙسة. (Ø¥Ù Ùذا اÙتشبÙÙ "
+"Ùتعارض Ù
ع اÙÙÙسÙØ© اÙÙاÙÙÙÙØ© ÙÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
اÙÙشر ÙÙاÙÙ٠براءات اÙاختراع ÙÙاÙÙÙ "
+"اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
تخصصÙÙ ÙØدÙÙ
ÙعرÙÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ.) Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© "
+"Ùا تشب٠ÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
ØسÙØ³Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
استخداÙ
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ùجع٠اÙÙ
شرعÙÙ ÙغÙرÙÙÙا "
+"ÙتشبÙÙØ ÙبÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ùذا اÙتغÙÙر ÙعÙس Ø·Ù
ÙØ
اÙشرÙات اÙت٠تستÙÙد Ù
Ù ÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر "
+"Ùبراءات اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥Ù
اÙØ®ÙØ· اÙÙاتج ع٠Ù
صطÙØ ”"
+"اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ ÙرÙÙ ÙÙÙ
."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The bias is reason enough to reject the term, and people have often asked me "
+"to propose some other name for the overall category—or have proposed "
+"their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions include IMPs, for "
+"Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for Government-Originated Legally "
+"Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of “exclusive rights regimes”, "
+"but referring to restrictions as “rights” is doublethink too."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠اÙØ®ÙØ· Ùعد سببÙا ÙاÙÙÙا ÙرÙض اÙÙ
صطÙØØ
ÙÙÙد Ø·Ùب Ù
Ù٠اÙÙاس Ù
رارÙا أ٠أÙØªØ±Ø "
+"أسÙ
اء٠أخر٠ÙÙا Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
ا اÙØªØ±Ø Ø§Ùبعض
بدائ٠Ù
٠عÙدÙÙ
(بعضÙا عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙطراÙØ©). "
+"Ù
٠اÙأسÙ
اء اÙÙ
ÙترØØ© IMPs (Imposed Monopoly Privileges)
اÙصÙاØÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ© "
+"اÙÙ
ÙرÙØ¶Ø©Ø Ù GOLEMs (Government-Originated Legally Enforced
Monopolies) "
+"اÙاØتÙارات اÙت٠تÙظÙ
اÙØÙÙÙ
Ø© ÙرضÙا
ÙاÙÙÙÙÙا. اÙØªØ±Ø Ø§Ùبعض ”Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙØÙÙÙ "
+"اÙØصرÙØ©“ ÙÙ٠تسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙÙÙد
”ØÙÙÙÙا“ Ø®ÙØ· Ø£ÙضÙا."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some of these alternative names would be an improvement, but it is a mistake "
+"to replace “intellectual property” with any other term. A "
+"different name will not address the term's deeper problem: "
+"overgeneralization. There is no such unified thing as “intellectual "
+"property”—it is a mirage. The only reason people think it makes "
+"sense as a coherent category is that widespread use of the term has misled "
+"them about the laws in question."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùد ÙÙÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠استخداÙ
بعض تÙ٠اÙأسÙ
اءØ
ÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙخطأ تعÙÙض ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© "
+"اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ بأ٠ÙÙظ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø Ùأ٠أ٠ÙÙظ آخر ÙÙ
ÙعاÙج اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙأساسÙØ©Ø Ø£Ùا "
+"ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
باÙغة Ù٠اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
. Ùا ÙÙجد Ø´ÙØ¡ ÙاØد
اسÙ
Ù ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¨Ù "
+"Ù٠سراب. إ٠اÙاÙتشار اÙÙاسع ÙاستخداÙ
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ù٠اÙØ£Ù
ر اÙÙØÙد اÙØ°Ù Ùجع٠اÙÙاس "
+"ÙظÙÙ٠أÙ٠تصÙÙÙ Ù
ÙائÙ
."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” is at best a catch-all to lump "
+"together disparate laws. Nonlawyers who hear one term applied to these "
+"various laws tend to assume they are based on a common principle and "
+"function similarly."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø£Ùض٠Ù
ا ÙÙا٠ع٠Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ Ø£Ù٠تجÙ
Ùع ÙÙÙاÙÙÙ "
+"Ù
تÙرÙØ©. إ٠غÙر اÙÙ
ØاÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙترضÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ
اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© أساسÙا ÙاØد ÙعÙ
ÙÙا "
+"Ù
تشاب٠عÙدÙ
ا ÙسÙ
عÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙ
صطÙØ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nothing could be further from the case. These laws originated separately, "
+"evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and "
+"raise different public policy issues."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا Ø´ÙØ¡ أبعد Ù
Ù Ùذا اÙاÙتراض. تÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ
ذات أصÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
عÙا عÙÙ "
+"أساس Ù
ختÙÙØ Ùتغط٠Ùشاطات Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙا
ÙÙاعد Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø Ùتؤثر عÙ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙ
Ù
٠جÙات "
+"Ù
ختÙÙØ©."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art, and "
+"covers the details of expression of a work. Patent law was intended to "
+"promote the publication of useful ideas, at the price of giving the one who "
+"publishes an idea a temporary monopoly over it—a price that may be "
+"worth paying in some fields and not in others."
+msgstr ""
+"صÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر ÙتشجÙع اÙتأÙÙÙ
ÙاÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙ Ùغط٠تÙاصÙ٠اÙعÙ
ÙØ ÙØ£ÙرÙد٠"
+"بÙاÙÙ٠براءات اÙاختراع تشجÙع٠Ùشر اÙØ£ÙÙار
اÙÙ
ÙÙØ¯Ø©Ø Ù
Ùاب٠إعطاء Ù
Ù ÙÙشر ÙÙرة "
+"اØتÙارÙا Ù
ؤÙتÙا ÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ Ø«Ù
Ù ÙستØ٠اÙدÙع
Ù٠بعض اÙÙ
جاÙات ÙÙا ÙستØÙ Ù٠غÙرÙا."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular way "
+"of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are buying. "
+"Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual "
+"property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides "
+"incentives for advertising. And these are just three out of many laws that "
+"the term refers to."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø£Ù
ا ÙاÙÙ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©Ø ÙعÙ٠اÙعÙسØ
ÙÙ
ÙÙرÙد ب٠تشجÙع أ٠تصر٠Ù
عÙÙØ Ø¨Ù "
+"تÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
شترÙÙ Ù
٠تÙ
ÙÙز Ù
ا ÙشترÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
شرعÙ٠تØت تأثÙر ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© "
+"اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ ØÙÙÙ٠إÙÙ ÙاÙÙÙ Ùشجع اÙإعÙاÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since these laws developed independently, they are different in every "
+"detail, as well as in their basic purposes and methods. Thus, if you learn "
+"some fact about copyright law, you'd be wise to assume that patent law is "
+"different. You'll rarely go wrong!"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙبÙ
ا أ٠تÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ùد Ùشأت بشÙÙ Ù
ستÙÙØ
ÙÙ٠تختÙÙ ÙÙ Ù٠تÙاصÙÙÙØ§Ø Ùذا "
+"باÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙداÙÙا ÙÙسائÙÙا اÙأساسÙØ©Ø
ÙÙذا إ٠عرÙت Ø´ÙئÙا ع٠ÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ "
+"اÙÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙØÙÙ
Ø© أ٠تÙترض Ø£Ù ÙاÙÙ٠براءات
اÙاختراع ÙخاÙÙÙ. ÙادرÙا Ù
ا ستخطئ!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In practice, nearly all general statements you encounter that are formulated "
+"using “intellectual property” will be false. For instance, "
+"you'll see claims that “its” purpose is to “promote "
+"innovation”, but that only fits patent law and perhaps plant variety "
+"monopolies. Copyright law is not concerned with innovation; a pop song or "
+"novel is copyrighted even if there is nothing innovative about it. "
+"Trademark law is not concerned with innovation; if I start a tea store and "
+"call it “rms tea”, that would be a solid trademark even if I "
+"sell the same teas in the same way as everyone else. Trade secret law is "
+"not concerned with innovation, except tangentially; my list of tea customers "
+"would be a trade secret with nothing to do with innovation."
+msgstr ""
+"عÙ
ÙÙاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
عظÙ
اÙتصرÙØات اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙصاغÙØ© باستخداÙ
Ù
صطÙØ “اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© "
+"اÙÙÙرÙØ©” خاطئة. ÙعÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ستجد تصرÙØات تزعÙ
بأ٠اÙÙد٠"
+"“Ù
ÙÙا” ÙÙ “تØÙÙز اÙابتÙار”Ø
ÙÙÙ Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙتصرÙØات Ùا "
+"تتÙاسب Ø¥Ùا Ù
ع ÙاÙÙ٠براءات اÙاختراع أ٠ربÙ
ا Ù
ع اÙاØتÙارات اÙÙ
رتبطة باﻷصÙا٠"
+"اÙÙباتÙØ©. ÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ© Ùا ÙÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ
ÙØ© تذÙر ÙÙابتÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙأغÙÙØ© اÙبÙب Ø£Ù "
+"اÙرÙاÙØ© Ù
ØÙ
ÙØ© بÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ© ØتÙ
ÙØ¥Ù ÙاÙت تخÙÙ ÙÙÙا٠Ù
Ù Øس اÙابتÙار. "
+"ÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© Ùا ÙÙتÙ
باÙابتÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙØ£Ù٠إ٠ÙتØت Ù
تجرا٠ÙبÙع اÙشا٠"
+"ÙسÙ
Ùت٠“rms tea”Ø Ùإ٠عÙاÙ
ت٠اÙتجارÙØ©
Ùد ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø¹ÙاÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙØ© Øت٠إ٠"
+"ÙÙ
ت ببÙع ÙÙس أصÙا٠اÙشا٠بÙÙس اÙطرÙÙØ©
ÙباÙ٠اÙÙ
تاجر اﻷخرÙ. ÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙسر "
+"اÙتجار٠Ùا ÙÙتÙ
باÙابتÙØ§Ø±Ø ÙغاÙبا٠Ù
ا
ÙبÙ٠دÙر٠ÙاÙ
Ø´Ùا٠ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
جاÙ. ÙائÙ
Ø© "
+"اÙزبائ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙ٠اÙشا٠Ù
Ù Ù
تجر٠Ùد
تÙÙ٠سرا٠تجارÙا٠رغÙ
اÙعداÙ
أ٠عÙاÙØ© "
+"ÙÙا باÙابتÙار. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You will also see assertions that “intellectual property” is "
+"concerned with “creativity”, but really that only fits copyright "
+"law. More than creativity is needed to make a patentable invention. "
+"Trademark law and trade secret law have nothing to do with creativity; the "
+"name “rms tea” isn't creative at all, and neither is my secret "
+"list of tea customers."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠تصرÙØات تؤÙد عÙ٠أ٠“اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©” تÙتÙ
“"
+"باÙابتÙار”Ø ÙÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ Ùا ÙÙطب٠Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ©
Ø¥Ùا عÙÙ ÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر. "
+"اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠اختراع Ù
ÙØÙÙ
ÙÙ٠ببراءة اختراع
Ùا ÙØتاج ÙÙØ· ÙØس اÙابتÙار. ÙاÙÙÙ "
+"اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© ÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙسر اÙتجار٠Ùا
ÙÙ
تÙا٠بأ٠صÙØ© ÙÙابتÙار. ÙÙس ÙÙا٠"
+"ÙÙا ذرة Ù
٠اÙابتÙار Ù٠اسÙ
“rms tea”Ø
ÙÙا ÙÙ ÙائÙ
Ø© اÙزبائ٠"
+"اÙسرÙØ©."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People often say “intellectual property” when they really mean "
+"some larger or smaller set of laws. For instance, rich countries often "
+"impose unjust laws on poor countries to squeeze money out of them. Some of "
+"these laws are among those called “intellectual property” laws, "
+"and others are not; nonetheless, critics of the practice often grab for that "
+"label because it has become familiar to them. By using it, they "
+"misrepresent the nature of the issue. It would be better to use an accurate "
+"term, such as “legislative colonization”, that gets to the heart "
+"of the matter."
+msgstr ""
+"غاÙبÙا Ù
ا ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙاس ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ عÙدÙ
ا ÙعÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© "
+"تصÙÙÙÙا Ø£Ùسع أ٠أصغر. ÙعÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ
ÙØ«ÙرÙا Ù
ا تÙرض اÙدÙ٠اÙغÙÙØ© ÙÙاÙÙÙ "
+"جائرة عÙ٠اÙدÙ٠اÙÙÙÙرة Ùأخذ Ø£Ù
ÙاÙÙا. بعض
Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ ÙÙاÙÙÙ ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© "
+"ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø ÙبعضÙا ÙÙس ÙØ°ÙÙ. ÙÙ
ÙتÙدÙا ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
صطÙØ "
+"ÙØ£Ù٠أضØÙ Ù
Ø£ÙÙÙÙا باÙÙسبة ÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ٠استخداÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ùا ÙدعÙ
اÙÙضÙØ©. Ù
٠اÙØ£Ùض٠"
+"استخداÙ
اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø§ÙدÙÙÙ Ù
Ø«Ù ”اÙاستعÙ
ار
اÙتشرÙعٓ ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙتÙاÙ٠صÙب "
+"اÙÙضÙØ©."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law professors "
+"who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the seductiveness of the "
+"term “intellectual property”, and make general statements that "
+"conflict with facts they know. For example, one professor wrote in 2006:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا ÙضÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ø¹Ù
ÙÙ
اÙÙاس ÙØدÙÙ
Ø Ø¨Ù
إ٠صÙاع اÙÙرار Ø£Ùضا٠ÙخدعÙÙ ÙÙÙضÙÙÙÙ "
+"بإغراء Ù
صطÙØ ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø
ÙÙÙصÙÙرØÙ٠بتصرÙØات عاÙ
Ø© تتÙاÙض Ù
ع Ù
ا "
+"ÙعرÙÙÙÙ. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ùتب Ø£Øد اÙأستاذة
عاÙ
2006:"
# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid "Unlike their descendants who now work the floor at WIPO, the framers of
the US constitution had a principled, procompetitive attitude to intellectual
property. They knew rights might be necessary, but…they tied congress's
hands, restricting its power in multiple ways."
-msgstr "Ùا٠صاÙع٠دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة
ÙتبÙÙÙ ÙÙاعة تدعÙ
اÙتÙاÙس Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©Ø Ø®ÙاÙÙا ÙØ£ØÙادÙÙ
اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙعÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
WIPO. ÙÙد Ø¢Ù
ÙÙا بأ٠اÙØÙÙÙ Ùد تÙÙ٠ضرÙرÙØ©Ø
ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙدÙا Ø£Ùد٠اÙÙÙÙغرس ÙØجرÙا عÙ٠سÙطتÙ
بطر٠Ù
تعددة."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "That statement refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US
Constitution, which authorizes copyright law and patent law. That clause,
though, has nothing to do with trademark law, trade secret law, or various
others. The term “intellectual property” led that professor to
make a false generalization."
-msgstr "تشÙر Ùذ٠اÙعبارة Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
ادة 1 اÙÙسÙ
8
اÙبÙد 8 Ù
٠دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات اÙاختراع. ÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
اÙعبارة Ùا تتÙاÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙرÙب ÙÙا بعÙد ÙاÙÙÙ
اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© ÙÙا غÙرÙا Ù
٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ.
ÙÙد Ùاد Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“
اÙأستاذ Ø¥Ù٠اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
اÙخاطئ."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The term “intellectual property” also leads to simplistic
thinking. It leads people to focus on the meager commonality in form that
these disparate laws have—that they create artificial privileges for
certain parties—and to disregard the details which form their substance:
the specific restrictions each law places on the public, and the consequences
that result. This simplistic focus on the form encourages an
“economistic” approach to all these issues."
-msgstr "Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ Ø£ÙضÙا
ÙÙÙد Ø¥Ù٠اÙتÙÙÙر اÙسطØÙØ ÙÙÙ Ùجع٠اÙÙاس
ÙرÙزÙ٠عÙ٠اÙÙاسÙ
اÙÙ
شتر٠اÙصغÙر بÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© (Ø£ÙÙا تعط٠صÙاØÙات Ù
صطÙعة Ùأطرا٠Ù
عÙÙØ©) ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙتجاÙÙÙÙ
اÙتÙاصÙ٠اÙÙاÙ
Ø©: ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙÙد اÙت٠تÙرضÙا ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠عÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© خصÙصÙا ÙÙ
ا ÙÙتج
عÙÙا. إ٠اÙتÙÙÙر اÙسطØÙ Ùشجع اÙÙظرة
”اÙاÙتصادÙØ©“ ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Economics operates here, as it often does, as a vehicle for unexamined
assumptions. These include assumptions about values, such as that amount of
production matters while freedom and way of life do not, and factual
assumptions which are mostly false, such as that copyrights on music supports
musicians, or that patents on drugs support life-saving research."
-msgstr "Ùأت٠دÙر اÙاÙتصادÙÙÙ ÙÙا -ÙÙاÙعادة-
Ø£ÙÙÙ
Ù
Øر٠ÙاÙتراضات غÙر Ù
ثبÙØ©Ø Ù
ÙÙا
اÙاÙتراضات اÙت٠تتÙاÙ٠باÙÙÙÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙØ©
اÙØ¥Ùتاج Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© Ø£Ù
ا اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ø· اÙØÙاة ÙÙÙسا
ÙØ°ÙÙØ ÙاÙاÙتراضات اÙت٠تتÙاÙ٠اÙØÙائ٠Ù
Ø«Ù
Ø£Ù ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر تدعÙ
اÙÙ
ÙسÙÙÙÙÙ Ùأ٠براءات
اÙاختراع عÙ٠اÙعÙاÙÙر تدعÙ
اÙأبØاث اÙت٠تØÙ
Ù ØÙاة اÙÙاس."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term
“intellectual property”, the specific issues raised by the various
laws become nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics of each
law—precisely what the term “intellectual property”
encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue relating to copyright law
is whether music sharing should be allowed; patent law has nothing to do with
this. Patent law raises issues such as whether poor countries should be
allowed to produce life-saving drugs and sell them cheaply to save lives;
copyright law has nothing to do with such matters."
-msgstr "Ø¥Øد٠اÙعÙÙب اÙأخر٠Ù٠أ٠اÙتأثÙر
اÙÙبÙر ÙÙ
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ ÙØ®ÙÙ
اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠تسببÙا تÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ. تÙتج ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
شاÙ٠بسبب تÙاصÙÙ ÙÙ ÙاÙÙ٠عÙÙ ØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
اÙتÙاصÙ٠اÙت٠ÙØاÙÙ Ù
صطÙØ ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ©
ÙÙرÙØ©“ جع٠اÙÙاس ÙتجاÙÙÙÙÙا. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø¥Øد٠اÙÙضاÙا اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù
شارÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙسÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙس Ùبراءات اÙاختراع
عÙاÙØ© بذÙÙ. Ùسبب ÙاÙÙ٠براءات اÙاختراع Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙدÙ٠اÙÙÙÙرة بإÙتاج عÙاÙÙر تØÙ
Ù ØÙاة اÙÙاس ÙببÙعÙا بسعر Ø£Ø±Ø®ØµØ ÙÙÙس ÙØÙÙÙ
اÙÙشر عÙاÙØ© بذÙÙ."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Neither of these issues is solely economic in nature, and their
noneconomic aspects are very different; using the shallow economic
overgeneralization as the basis for considering them means ignoring the
differences. Putting the two laws in the “intellectual property”
pot obstructs clear thinking about each one."
-msgstr "Ùا تعتبر ÙÙا اÙÙضÙتÙ٠اÙتصادÙØ© بØتةØ
ÙØت٠جاÙبÙÙ
ا اÙاÙتصاد٠Ù
ختÙ٠جدÙا ع٠اÙآخر.
إ٠استخداÙ
اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
اÙتجار٠Ùأساس Ùاتخاذ
اÙÙرار ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙضÙØ© ÙعÙ٠تجاÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙاختÙاÙات. Ø¥Ù Ùضع اÙÙاÙÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ùعاء ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ ÙÙÙØ« اÙدراسة اÙصاÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙ
ا."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Thus, any opinions about “the issue of intellectual
property” and any generalizations about this supposed category are almost
surely foolish. If you think all those laws are one issue, you will tend to
choose your opinions from a selection of sweeping overgeneralizations, none of
which is any good."
-msgstr "ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¥Ù Ù٠اÙآراء اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© ب”Ù
شاÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ Ùأ٠تعÙ
ÙÙ
آخر
تاÙÙ. إذا اعتÙدت Ø£Ù ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ ÙاØدةØ
ÙسÙ٠تبÙÙ ÙÙاعت٠عÙ٠عدد Ù
ØدÙد Ù
٠اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
ات
اÙÙبÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙس Ø£Ù Ù
ÙÙا صائب."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, or
copyrights, or trademarks, or various other different laws, the first step is
to forget the idea of lumping them together, and treat them as separate topics.
The second step is to reject the narrow perspectives and simplistic picture
the term “intellectual property” suggests. Consider each of these
issues separately, in its fullness, and you have a chance of considering them
well."
-msgstr "إذا أردت دراسة اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠تسببÙا
براءات اÙاختراع Ø£Ù ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر أ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات
اÙتجارÙØ© أ٠غÙرÙا Ù
٠اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ©Ø
Ùإ٠أÙ٠خطÙØ© Ùجدر اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا ÙسÙا٠ØشرÙا Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
عاÙ
ÙتÙا ÙÙضاÙا Ù
ÙÙصÙØ©. اÙخطÙØ©
اÙثاÙÙØ© Ù٠رÙض اÙÙظرة اÙسطØÙØ© اÙت٠ÙÙرضÙا Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“. اعتبر Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙاØدة Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙصÙØ© (تÙ
اÙ
Ùا)
ÙØ³ØªØªØ§Ø ÙÙ Ùرصة اÙدراسة اÙصائبة."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a
href=\"http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html\";>one proposal for changing
the name and substance of WIPO</a>."
-msgstr "ÙعÙدÙ
ا ÙØÙÙ Ù
Ùعد إعادة تشÙÙÙ WIPOØ ÙÙا <a
href=\"http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html\";>Ø£Øد اÙاÙتراØات
ÙتغÙر اسÙ
ÙجÙÙر WIPO</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "See also <a href=\"/philosophy/komongistan.html\">The Curious History
of Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a>."
-msgstr "اÙظر Ø£Ùضا٠<a
href=\"/philosophy/komongistan.html\">اÙÙصة اÙعجÙبة ÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙغستا٠(Ø£Ù ÙÙ٠تÙدÙ
Ù
صطÙØ (“اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©”)</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Countries in Africa are a lot more similar than these laws, and
“Africa” is a coherent geographical concept; nonetheless, <a
href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton\";> talking
about “Africa” instead of a specific country causes lots of
confusion</a>."
-msgstr "إ٠أÙج٠اÙتشاب٠بÙ٠اÙدÙ٠اﻷÙرÙÙÙØ©
تÙÙ٠بÙØ«Ùر Ø£Ùج٠اÙتشاب٠بÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙØ
ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù “Ø£ÙرÙÙÙا” تشÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙ
جغراÙÙا٠Ù
ترابطاÙ. ÙÙ
ع Ø°ÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù <a
href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton\";>
اÙØدÙØ« ع٠“Ø£ÙرÙÙÙا” بد٠اÙØدÙØ« ع٠بÙد
Ù
عÙÙ Ùؤد٠إÙÙ ÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙØ®ÙØ·</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "<a
href=\"http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/\";>
Rickard Falkvinge supports rejection of this term</a>."
-msgstr "<a
href=\"http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/\";>
رÙÙارد ÙاÙÙÙÙÙج٠ÙؤÙد اÙتخÙ٠ع٠Ùذا اÙÙ
صطÙØ</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Unlike their descendants who now work the floor at WIPO, the framers of the "
+"US constitution had a principled, procompetitive attitude to intellectual "
+"property. They knew rights might be necessary, but…they tied "
+"congress's hands, restricting its power in multiple ways."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠صاÙع٠دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة ÙتبÙÙÙ
ÙÙاعة تدعÙ
اÙتÙاÙس Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© "
+"اÙÙÙرÙØ©Ø Ø®ÙاÙÙا ÙØ£ØÙادÙÙ
اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙعÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
WIPO. ÙÙد Ø¢Ù
ÙÙا بأ٠اÙØÙÙÙ Ùد تÙÙÙ "
+"ضرÙرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙدÙا Ø£Ùد٠اÙÙÙÙغرس ÙØجرÙا
عÙ٠سÙطت٠بطر٠Ù
تعددة."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That statement refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US "
+"Constitution, which authorizes copyright law and patent law. That clause, "
+"though, has nothing to do with trademark law, trade secret law, or various "
+"others. The term “intellectual property” led that professor to "
+"make a false generalization."
+msgstr ""
+"تشÙر Ùذ٠اÙعبارة Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
ادة 1 اÙÙسÙ
8 اÙبÙد
8 Ù
٠دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø "
+"ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات اÙاختراع.
ÙÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙعبارة Ùا تتÙاÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙرÙب "
+"ÙÙا بعÙد ÙاÙÙ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ© ÙÙا
غÙرÙا Ù
٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ. ÙÙد Ùاد Ù
صطÙØ ”"
+"اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ اÙأستاذ Ø¥Ù٠اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
اÙخاطئ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” also leads to simplistic "
+"thinking. It leads people to focus on the meager commonality in form that "
+"these disparate laws have—that they create artificial privileges for "
+"certain parties—and to disregard the details which form their "
+"substance: the specific restrictions each law places on the public, and the "
+"consequences that result. This simplistic focus on the form encourages an "
+"“economistic” approach to all these issues."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ Ø£ÙضÙا ÙÙÙد
Ø¥Ù٠اÙتÙÙÙر اÙسطØÙØ ÙÙÙ Ùجع٠"
+"اÙÙاس ÙرÙزÙ٠عÙ٠اÙÙاسÙ
اÙÙ
شتر٠اÙصغÙر
بÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© (Ø£ÙÙا تعط٠"
+"صÙاØÙات Ù
صطÙعة Ùأطرا٠Ù
عÙÙØ©) ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙتجاÙÙÙ٠اÙتÙاصÙ٠اÙÙاÙ
Ø©: ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙÙد اÙت٠"
+"تÙرضÙا ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠عÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©
خصÙصÙا ÙÙ
ا ÙÙتج عÙÙا. إ٠اÙتÙÙÙر اÙسطØÙ "
+"Ùشجع اÙÙظرة ”اÙاÙتصادÙØ©“ ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Economics operates here, as it often does, as a vehicle for unexamined "
+"assumptions. These include assumptions about values, such as that amount of "
+"production matters while freedom and way of life do not, and factual "
+"assumptions which are mostly false, such as that copyrights on music "
+"supports musicians, or that patents on drugs support life-saving research."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùأت٠دÙر اÙاÙتصادÙÙÙ ÙÙا -ÙÙاÙعادة- Ø£ÙÙÙ
Ù
Øر٠ÙاÙتراضات غÙر Ù
ثبÙØ©Ø Ù
ÙÙا "
+"اÙاÙتراضات اÙت٠تتÙاÙ٠باÙÙÙÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙØ©
اÙØ¥Ùتاج Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© Ø£Ù
ا اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ø· اÙØÙاة "
+"ÙÙÙسا ÙØ°ÙÙØ ÙاÙاÙتراضات اÙت٠تتÙاÙÙ
اÙØÙائ٠Ù
ث٠أ٠ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر تدعÙ
"
+"اÙÙ
ÙسÙÙÙÙÙ Ùأ٠براءات اÙاختراع عÙÙ
اÙعÙاÙÙر تدعÙ
اÙأبØاث اÙت٠تØÙ
Ù ØÙاة "
+"اÙÙاس."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term “"
+"intellectual property”, the specific issues raised by the various laws "
+"become nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics of each "
+"law—precisely what the term “intellectual property” "
+"encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue relating to copyright "
+"law is whether music sharing should be allowed; patent law has nothing to do "
+"with this. Patent law raises issues such as whether poor countries should "
+"be allowed to produce life-saving drugs and sell them cheaply to save lives; "
+"copyright law has nothing to do with such matters."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Øد٠اÙعÙÙب اÙأخر٠Ù٠أ٠اÙتأثÙر اÙÙبÙر ÙÙ
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ "
+"ÙØ®Ù٠اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠تسببÙا تÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ.
تÙتج Ùذ٠اÙÙ
شاÙ٠بسبب تÙاصÙÙ ÙÙ ÙاÙÙÙ "
+"عÙÙ ØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙتÙاصÙ٠اÙت٠ÙØاÙÙ Ù
صطÙØ
”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“ جع٠اÙÙاس "
+"ÙتجاÙÙÙÙÙا. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø¥Øد٠اÙÙضاÙا
اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø "
+"بÙ
شارÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙسÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙس Ùبراءات اÙاختراع
عÙاÙØ© بذÙÙ. Ùسبب ÙاÙÙ٠براءات "
+"اÙاختراع Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙدÙ٠اÙÙÙÙرة
بإÙتاج عÙاÙÙر تØÙ
Ù ØÙاة اÙÙاس ÙببÙعÙا "
+"بسعر Ø£Ø±Ø®ØµØ ÙÙÙس ÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر عÙاÙØ© بذÙÙ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Neither of these issues is solely economic in nature, and their noneconomic "
+"aspects are very different; using the shallow economic overgeneralization as "
+"the basis for considering them means ignoring the differences. Putting the "
+"two laws in the “intellectual property” pot obstructs clear "
+"thinking about each one."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا تعتبر ÙÙا اÙÙضÙتÙ٠اÙتصادÙØ© بØØªØ©Ø ÙØتÙ
جاÙبÙÙ
ا اÙاÙتصاد٠Ù
ختÙ٠جدÙا ع٠"
+"اÙآخر. إ٠استخداÙ
اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
اÙتجار٠Ùأساس
Ùاتخاذ اÙÙرار ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙضÙØ© ÙعÙÙ "
+"تجاÙÙ Ù٠اÙاختÙاÙات. Ø¥Ù Ùضع اÙÙاÙÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ùعاء ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ "
+"ÙÙÙØ« اÙدراسة اÙصاÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙ
ا."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, any opinions about “the issue of intellectual property” "
+"and any generalizations about this supposed category are almost surely "
+"foolish. If you think all those laws are one issue, you will tend to choose "
+"your opinions from a selection of sweeping overgeneralizations, none of "
+"which is any good."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¥Ù Ù٠اÙآراء اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© ب”Ù
شاÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ Ùأ٠تعÙ
ÙÙ
"
+"آخر تاÙÙ. إذا اعتÙدت Ø£Ù ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ
ÙاØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙسÙ٠تبÙÙ ÙÙاعت٠عÙ٠عدد "
+"Ù
ØدÙد Ù
٠اÙتعÙ
ÙÙ
ات اÙÙبÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙس Ø£Ù Ù
ÙÙا
صائب."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, or "
+"copyrights, or trademarks, or various other different laws, the first step "
+"is to forget the idea of lumping them together, and treat them as separate "
+"topics. The second step is to reject the narrow perspectives and simplistic "
+"picture the term “intellectual property” suggests. Consider "
+"each of these issues separately, in its fullness, and you have a chance of "
+"considering them well."
+msgstr ""
+"إذا أردت دراسة اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠تسببÙا براءات
اÙاختراع Ø£Ù ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر أ٠اÙعÙاÙ
ات "
+"اÙتجارÙØ© أ٠غÙرÙا Ù
٠اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ©Ø
Ùإ٠أÙ٠خطÙØ© Ùجدر اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا ÙسÙا٠"
+"ØشرÙا Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
عاÙ
ÙتÙا ÙÙضاÙا Ù
ÙÙصÙØ©.
اÙخطÙØ© اÙثاÙÙØ© Ù٠رÙض اÙÙظرة اÙسطØÙØ© "
+"اÙت٠ÙÙرضÙا Ù
صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“.
اعتبر Ø£Ù ÙÙ ÙاØدة Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ù "
+"اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙصÙØ© (تÙ
اÙ
Ùا) ÙØ³ØªØªØ§Ø ÙÙ Ùرصة
اÙدراسة اÙصائبة."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a href=\"http://fsfe.org/";
+"projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html\">one proposal for changing the name and "
+"substance of WIPO</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙعÙدÙ
ا ÙØÙÙ Ù
Ùعد إعادة تشÙÙÙ WIPOØ ÙÙا <a
href=\"http://fsfe.org/projects/";
+"wipo/wiwo.en.html\">Ø£Øد اÙاÙتراØات ÙتغÙر اسÙ
ÙجÙÙر
WIPO</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"See also <a href=\"/philosophy/komongistan.html\">The Curious History of "
+"Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙظر Ø£Ùضا٠<a href=\"/philosophy/komongistan.html\">اÙÙصة
اÙعجÙبة ÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙغستا٠"
+"(Ø£Ù ÙÙ٠تÙدÙ
Ù
صطÙØ (“اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
اÙÙÙرÙØ©”)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Countries in Africa are a lot more similar than these laws, and “"
+"Africa” is a coherent geographical concept; nonetheless, <a href="
+"\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton\";> talking "
+"about “Africa” instead of a specific country causes lots of "
+"confusion</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠أÙج٠اÙتشاب٠بÙ٠اÙدÙ٠اﻷÙرÙÙÙØ© تÙÙÙ
بÙØ«Ùر Ø£Ùج٠اÙتشاب٠بÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙÙاÙÙÙØ "
+"ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù “Ø£ÙرÙÙÙا” تشÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙ
جغراÙÙا٠Ù
ترابطاÙ. ÙÙ
ع Ø°ÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù <a "
+"href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton\";>
اÙØدÙØ« "
+"ع٠“Ø£ÙرÙÙÙا” بد٠اÙØدÙØ« ع٠بÙد Ù
عÙÙ
Ùؤد٠إÙÙ ÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙØ®ÙØ·</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-";
+"monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/\"> Rickard Falkvinge supports "
+"rejection of this term</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-";
+"monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/\"> رÙÙارد
ÙاÙÙÙÙÙج٠ÙؤÙد "
+"اÙتخÙ٠ع٠Ùذا اÙÙ
صطÙØ</a>."
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -170,8 +448,18 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
-msgstr "Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙاستÙسارات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ
FSF ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصا٠<a href=\"/contact/\"><span
xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة</a>. Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة ÙØ£Ù
تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙاستÙسارات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ FSF
ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"org\"><address@hidden></a>. ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠طر٠أخرÙ
ÙÙاتصا٠<a href=\"/contact/"
+"\"><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة</a>. "
+"Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات
أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -185,17 +473,31 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات
دÙÙÙØ© ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
اÙ
اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. Ùرج٠إرساÙ
اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙذا اÙشأÙ
Ø¥Ù٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>ÙÙØصÙÙ
عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ Ùرج٠اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط
اÙتاÙÙ <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">دÙÙÙ
اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
ا٠"
+"اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. Ùرج٠إرساÙ
اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙذا "
+"اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"> <address@hidden></a>.</p> <p>ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠"
+"تÙسÙÙ ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ
Ùرج٠اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013 Richard M. Stallman"
msgid "Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015 Richard M. Stallman"
msgstr "Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016 رÙتشارد Ù
.
ستاÙÙ
Ù"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
-msgstr "Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ar\";>رخصة
اÙÙ
شاع اÙإبداع٠Ùسب اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠3.0
اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة</a>."
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/";
+"licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ar\">رخصة اÙÙ
شاع اÙإبداع٠Ùسب
اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع "
+"اÙاشتÙا٠3.0 اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة</a>."
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
@@ -208,4 +510,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "ØÙدÙثت:"
-
Index: server/home-pkgblurbs.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/home-pkgblurbs.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.99
retrieving revision 1.100
diff -u -b -r1.99 -r1.100
--- server/home-pkgblurbs.fr.html 20 Oct 2016 19:58:15 -0000 1.99
+++ server/home-pkgblurbs.fr.html 21 Oct 2016 10:32:43 -0000 1.100
@@ -3531,12 +3531,12 @@
<!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$pkg_selection = /:(ring|ALL):/" -->
<h4 id="ring">
- <a href="/software/ring/">Ring</a></h4><p>
-Ring is a program for universal communication which respects freedoms and
-privacy of its users. Ring uses distributed hash tables for establishing
-communication. This avoids keeping centralized registries of users and
-storing personal data. <small>(<a
-href="/manual/manual.html#ring">doc</a>)</small></p>
+ <a href="/software/mig/">Ring</a></h4><p>
+Ring est un logiciel de communication universelle qui respecte les libertés
+et la vie privée de ses utilisateurs. Il utilise des tables de hachage
+distribuées pour établir la communication. Cela évite les registres
+centralisés d'utilisateurs et le stockage des données
+personnelles. <small>(<a href="/manual/manual.html#ring">doc</a>)</small></p>
<!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$pkg_selection = /:(rottlog|ALL):/" -->
Index: server/po/home-pkgblurbs.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/home-pkgblurbs.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.121
retrieving revision 1.122
diff -u -b -r1.121 -r1.122
--- server/po/home-pkgblurbs.fr.po 21 Oct 2016 09:55:50 -0000 1.121
+++ server/po/home-pkgblurbs.fr.po 21 Oct 2016 10:32:43 -0000 1.122
@@ -5916,8 +5916,8 @@
"Ring est un logiciel de communication universelle qui respecte les libertés "
"et la vie privée de ses utilisateurs. Il utilise des tables de hachage "
"distribuées pour établir la communication. Cela évite les registres "
-"centralisés d'utilisateurs et le stockage des données personnelles. "
-"<small>(<a href=\"/manual/manual.html#ring\">doc</a>)</small>"
+"centralisés d'utilisateurs et le stockage des données personnelles. <small>"
+"(<a href=\"/manual/manual.html#ring\">doc</a>)</small>"
#. type: Content of: <h4>
msgid "<a href=\"/software/rottlog/\">Rottlog</a>"
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html philosophy/po/no...,
GNUN <=