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GNUN |
Subject: |
www planetfeeds.ru.html philosophy/po/when-free... |
Date: |
Thu, 29 Sep 2016 07:28:35 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 16/09/29 07:28:35
Modified files:
. : planetfeeds.ru.html
philosophy/po : when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist
po : planetfeeds.ru.po
Added files:
philosophy : when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html
philosophy/po : when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/planetfeeds.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.646&r2=1.647
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/po/planetfeeds.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.951&r2=1.952
Patches:
Index: planetfeeds.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/planetfeeds.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.646
retrieving revision 1.647
diff -u -b -r1.646 -r1.647
--- planetfeeds.ru.html 29 Sep 2016 04:59:42 -0000 1.646
+++ planetfeeds.ru.html 29 Sep 2016 07:28:34 -0000 1.647
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
<!-- Autogenerated by planetrss.pl 1.13 -->
<p><a href='http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20161011-paris'>
-Richard Stallman - "What Makes Digital Inclusion Good or Bad?"
-(Paris, France)</a>: There are many threats to freedom in the digital society.
They include
-massive surveillance, censorshi...
+РиÑаÑд СÑолмен: “ЧÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ
ваÑ
ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
никой Ñ
оÑоÑим или
+плоÑ
им?” (ÐаÑиж, ФÑанÑиÑ)</a>: Свободе в
ÑиÑÑовом обÑеÑÑве ÑгÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ðµ. ÐÑо
маÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñлежка, ÑензÑÑа,
+ÑиÑÑовÑе наÑÑÑ...
<a href='http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20161011-paris'>далее</a></p>
<p><a
href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/directory/free-software-directory-meeting-recap-for-september-23rd-2016'>
-Free Software Directory meeting recap for September 23rd, 2016</a>:
ÐаждÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð°ÐºÑивиÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм Ñо вÑего миÑа ÑобиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð² #fsf
+ÐÐ±Ð·Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑÑниÑного ÑобÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐаÑалога
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм: 23 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ</a>: ÐаждÑÑ
Ð½ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð°ÐºÑивиÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм Ñо
вÑего миÑа ÑобиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð² #fsf
на irc.freenode.org, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ ÑлÑÑÑаÑÑ...
<a
href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/directory/free-software-directory-meeting-recap-for-september-23rd-2016'>далее</a></p>
<p><a
href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/what-do-you-have-to-say-share-it-at-libreplanet-2017'>
-What do you have to say? Share it at LibrePlanet 2017</a>: The call for
proposals is open now, until November 14th, 2016. General
-registration, exhibitor registration, and volunteer applications w...
+ÐÑÑÑ ÑÑо ÑказаÑÑ? ÐоделиÑеÑÑ ÑÑим на
LibrePlanet-2017</a>: ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑÑÑ Ñ
ÑегоднÑÑнего Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ 14 ноÑбÑÑ
+2016 года. ÐбÑÐ°Ñ ÑегиÑÑÑаÑиÑ, ÑегиÑÑÑаÑиÑ
вÑÑÑавок и заÑвки
+добÑоволÑÑев...
<a
href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/what-do-you-have-to-say-share-it-at-libreplanet-2017'>далее</a></p>
Index: philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist 25 May 2016
11:00:16 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist 29 Sep 2016
07:28:35 -0000 1.3
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html"
href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html" hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.en.html" title="English" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.fr.html" title="français" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий"
/>
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: po/planetfeeds.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/po/planetfeeds.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.951
retrieving revision 1.952
diff -u -b -r1.951 -r1.952
--- po/planetfeeds.ru.po 29 Sep 2016 07:11:23 -0000 1.951
+++ po/planetfeeds.ru.po 29 Sep 2016 07:28:35 -0000 1.952
@@ -14,41 +14,24 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2016-09-29 04:57+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <p><a>
-# | <a
-# |
[-href='http://www.fsf.org/events/meetup-20160923-washington-stop-drm-in-web-standards'>-]
-# | {+href='http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20161011-paris'>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href='http://www.fsf.org/events/meetup-20160923-washington-stop-drm-in-"
-#| "web-standards'>"
msgid "<a href='http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20161011-paris'>"
msgstr "<a href='http://www.fsf.org/events/rms-20161011-paris'>"
#. type: Content of: <p><a>
-# | Richard Stallman - [-"Por una Sociedad-] {+"What Makes+} Digital
-# | [-Libre" (Santiago de Chile, Chile)-] {+Inclusion Good or Bad?"
-# | (Paris, France)+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Richard Stallman - "Por una Sociedad Digital Libre" (Santiago "
-#| "de Chile, Chile)"
msgid ""
"Richard Stallman - "What Makes Digital Inclusion Good or Bad?" "
"(Paris, France)"
msgstr ""
-"РиÑаÑд СÑолмен: “ЧÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ
ваÑ
ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
никой Ñ
оÑоÑим или плоÑ
им?”
(ÐаÑиж, ФÑанÑиÑ)"
+"РиÑаÑд СÑолмен: “ЧÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ
ваÑ
ÑиÑÑовой ÑеÑ
никой Ñ
оÑоÑим или плоÑ
им?"
+"” (ÐаÑиж, ФÑанÑиÑ)"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "</a>"
msgstr "</a>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | : There are many threats to freedom in the digital society. They include
-# | massive surveillance, [-censorship, digital handcuf...-] {+censorshi...+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| ": There are many threats to freedom in the digital society. They include "
-#| "massive surveillance, censorship, digital handcuf..."
msgid ""
": There are many threats to freedom in the digital society. They include "
"massive surveillance, censorshi..."
@@ -61,13 +44,6 @@
msgstr "далее"
#. type: Content of: <p><a>
-# | <a
-# |
[-href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/directory/free-software-directory-meeting-recap-for-september-16th-2016'>-]
-# | {+href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/directory/free-software-directory-meeting-
-# | recap-for-september-23rd-2016'>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/directory/free-software-directory-"
-#| "meeting-recap-for-september-16th-2016'>"
msgid ""
"<a href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/directory/free-software-directory-meeting-"
"recap-for-september-23rd-2016'>"
@@ -76,9 +52,6 @@
"recap-for-september-23rd-2016'>"
#. type: Content of: <p><a>
-# | Free Software Directory meeting recap for September [-16th,-] {+23rd,+}
-# | 2016
-#| msgid "Free Software Directory meeting recap for September 16th, 2016"
msgid "Free Software Directory meeting recap for September 23rd, 2016"
msgstr "ÐÐ±Ð·Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑÑниÑного ÑобÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐаÑалога
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм: 23 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ"
@@ -91,13 +64,6 @@
"на irc.freenode.org, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ ÑлÑÑÑаÑÑ..."
#. type: Content of: <p><a>
-# | <a
-# |
[-href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/happy-software-freedom-day-a-few-words-from-rms'>-]
-# | {+href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/what-do-you-have-to-say-share-it
-# | -at-libreplanet-2017'>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/happy-software-freedom-day-a-"
-#| "few-words-from-rms'>"
msgid ""
"<a href='http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/what-do-you-have-to-say-share-it-"
"at-libreplanet-2017'>"
@@ -106,8 +72,6 @@
"at-libreplanet-2017'>"
#. type: Content of: <p><a>
-# | What do you have to say? Share it at LibrePlanet 201[-6-]{+7+}
-#| msgid "What do you have to say? Share it at LibrePlanet 2016"
msgid "What do you have to say? Share it at LibrePlanet 2017"
msgstr "ÐÑÑÑ ÑÑо ÑказаÑÑ? ÐоделиÑеÑÑ ÑÑим на
LibrePlanet-2017"
Index: philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html
diff -N philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru.html 29 Sep 2016 07:28:35
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Ðогда ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
неÑвободнÑÑ
- ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
+Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>Ðогда ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
неÑвободнÑÑ
</h2>
+
+ <p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong></p>
+
+<p>Ðогда пÑогÑамма Ñвободна (Ð¾Ñ Ñлова
“Ñвобода”), ÑÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо
+она Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм ÑеÑÑÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ (<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>), Ñак
+ÑÑо они конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо делаеÑ
пÑогÑамма. РболÑÑинÑÑве ÑлÑÑаев ÑÑого
+доÑÑаÑоÑно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑемаÑ
пÑогÑамма бÑла ÑÑиÑной; но не
+вÑегда. ÐÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑелÑнÑе пÑоблемÑ,
коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ½ÑÑÑ Ð²
+ÑпеÑиÑиÑеÑкиÑ
обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑваÑ
. Ð ÑÑой
ÑÑаÑÑе опиÑана неоÑÐµÐ²Ð¸Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема,
+возникаÑÑаÑ, когда обновление Ñвободной
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименениÑ
+неÑвободной.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑли полÑзование Ñвободной пÑогÑаммой
неизбежно завиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой пÑогÑаммÑ,
+коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободна, Ð¼Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñим, ÑÑо
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма “в
+западне”. Ðе ÑекÑÑ Ñвободен, и Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑоваÑÑ
+ее ÑаÑÑи в дÑÑгие ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑими, ÑÑиÑнÑми ÑезÑлÑÑаÑами. Ðо
+Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ <em>ÑабоÑаÑÑ</em> Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой в
западне, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑо
+знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑказÑваеÑеÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸
ÑдаеÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð° милоÑÑÑ Ñой
+неÑвободной пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ТоÑ, кÑо оÑÑÑÐ°Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑинÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, не бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ помеÑаÑÑ
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² западнÑ. Ðднако многие
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+лÑдÑми или компаниÑми, коÑоÑÑе не оÑобенно
поддеÑживаÑÑ ÑÑи пÑинÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ не
+оÑознаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐавиÑимоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной пÑогÑаммÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ ÑазлиÑнÑе ÑоÑмÑ. Ð
+пÑоÑÑейÑем ÑлÑÑае ÑÑо ÑзÑк
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑого Ð½ÐµÑ Ñвободной
+ÑеализаÑии. ÐеÑвÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе Ñ
напиÑал Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU в
+воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑÑ
годаÑ
XX века, в Ñом ÑиÑле
GNU Emacs, GDB и GNU Make,
+пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ÑоваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑм
компилÑÑоÑом Си компании AT&T,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñвободного компилÑÑоÑа Си не
бÑло, пока Ñ Ð½Ðµ напиÑал GCC. Ð
+ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ, Ñакого Ñода пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ болÑÑей
ÑаÑÑи оÑоÑли в пÑоÑлое; ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ñ
+Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе компилÑÑоÑÑ Ð¸
плаÑÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑзÑков, какие
+ÑолÑко иÑполÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑаниÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ вÑзволиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð· западни
ÑÑого Ñода, пеÑÐµÐ²ÐµÐ´Ñ ÐµÐµ на дÑÑгой
+ÑзÑк или вÑпÑÑÑив ÑвободнÑÑ ÑеализаÑиÑ
ÑзÑка, на коÑоÑом она напиÑана. Таким
+обÑазом, когда поÑвилаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑвободнаÑ
ÑеализаÑÐ¸Ñ Java, ÑÑо вÑзволило вÑе
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом ÑзÑке из <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">западни Java</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐавиÑимоÑÑÑ ÑÑого Ñода конÑепÑÑалÑно
пÑоÑÑа, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо она вÑÑÐµÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·
+положениÑ, заданного в один моменÑ
вÑемени. Ð Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ t ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма P
+не ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· неÑвободной плаÑÑоÑмÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Q. ÐаимÑÑвÑÑ ÑеÑмин
+лингвиÑÑики, можно ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо
“ÑинÑ
ÑониÑеÑкає ÑвÑзÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðе Ñак давно Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð»Ñдали завиÑимоÑÑÑ
дÑÑгого Ñода в пÑогÑаммаÑ
баз даннÑÑ
,
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+обновление Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑии N до веÑÑии N+1 ÑÑебÑеÑ
неÑвободной пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑомÑ, ÑÑо внÑÑÑенний
ÑоÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
изменÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ
+веÑÑией N и веÑÑией N+1. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ ÑеÑÑезно
полÑзовалиÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑией N, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ,
+веÑоÑÑно, еÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð° даннÑÑ
в
ÑоÑмаÑе веÑÑии N. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
+пÑогÑамм Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
до веÑÑии N+1 вам нÑжно
пÑеобÑазоваÑÑ ÑоÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÑÑой базÑ
+даннÑÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑли ÑÑо пÑедполагаеÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ
обÑабоÑкой Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободной пÑогÑаммÑ
+пÑеобÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑмаÑа или Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑика, коÑоÑаÑ
+пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñобой ÑÑлÑгÑ-заменÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, Ñо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
в
+западне — но менее оÑевиднÑм обÑазом.
ÐÑбÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
можно пÑименÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм и ÑÑлÑг-замен
+пÑогÑамм. ÐÑоблема возникаеÑ, когда вÑ
пÑÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð¿ÑодолжаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммой длиÑелÑное вÑемÑ, ÑÑо ÑвÑзано Ñ
пеÑиодиÑеÑким обновлением ее; в
+ÑÑом ÑлÑÑае пÑогÑаммой невозможно
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· какой-Ñо неÑвободной
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ее ÑквиваленÑа. ТакаÑ
пÑогÑамма Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð² западнÑ
+пÑи движении во вÑемени — Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ бÑ
назваÑÑ ÑÑо
+“диаÑ
ÑониÑеÑкой западней”,
заимÑÑвÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгой ÑеÑмин лингвиÑÑики.</p>
+
+<p>ÐапÑимеÑ, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамма OpenERP Ñвободна,
она в диаÑ
ÑониÑеÑкой западне. <a
+href="/software/health/">GNU Health</a>, Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑвободнÑй пакеÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑпÑавлениÑ
+клиникой, пеÑвонаÑалÑно полÑзовалÑÑ OpenERP.
Ð 2011 годÑ
+ÑазÑабоÑÑик GNU Health ÐÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¤Ð°Ð»ÐºÐ¾Ð½ обнаÑÑжил,
ÑÑо обновление до ÑледÑÑÑей
+веÑÑии OpenERP ÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑлки Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
(вÑеÑ
медиÑинÑкиÑ
запиÑей о
+паÑиенÑаÑ
) на ÑеÑÐ²ÐµÑ OpenERP длÑ
пÑеобÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑмаÑа. ÐÑо <a
+href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">ÑÑлÑга-замена
+пÑогÑаммÑ</a>: она ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑеÑÑÑ GNU Health,
+довеÑила Ñвои ÑобÑÑвеннÑе вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
Ñвои даннÑе компании-ÑазÑабоÑÑикÑ
+OpenERP. Фалкон не ÑдалÑÑ, он пеÑевел GNU Health на <a
+href="http://www.tryton.org">Tryton</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐолÑзование ÑÑлÑгой-заменой пÑогÑаммÑ
пÑинÑипиалÑно ÑквиваленÑно ÑабоÑе Ñ
+неÑвободной пÑогÑаммой Ñ ÑÑнкÑиÑми
Ñлежки, а Ñакже ÑнивеÑÑалÑной
+лазейкой. ÐÑа ÑлÑжба могла Ð±Ñ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑ
ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð· даннÑÑ
, ÑоÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
+полÑзоваÑели пÑеобÑазÑÑÑ. Ðаже еÑли мÑ
ÑвеÑенÑ, ÑÑо компаниÑ,
+пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑгÑ, никомÑ
никогда ни в каком виде пÑеднамеÑенно ÑÑи
+даннÑе не покажеÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем бÑÑÑ
ÑвеÑенÑ, ÑÑо доÑÑÑп к даннÑм не полÑÑаÑ
+<a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html"> агенÑÑÑва
Ñазведки
+ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
ÑÑÑан</a> или взломÑики ÑиÑÑем
безопаÑноÑÑи <a
+href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">(пожалÑйÑÑа, не
+назÑвайÑе иÑ
“Ñ
акеÑами”)</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ðогда пÑогÑамма в диаÑ
ÑониÑеÑкой
западне, вÑзволение ее из западни ÑÑебÑеÑ
+болÑÑе, Ñем однокÑаÑной ÑабоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ. РабоÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ
+поÑÑоÑнно, каждÑй Ñаз, когда менÑеÑÑÑ
ÑоÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
. ÐеÑÑи пÑоекÑ,
+поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑеÑимоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑодолжаÑÑ ÑÑÑ
ÑабоÑÑ Ð² долгоÑÑоÑной пеÑÑпекÑиве,
+нелегко. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑе оказаÑÑ
давление на компаниÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð° не
+ÑÑавила полÑзоваÑелÑм Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ñ —
оÑказÑваÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ÑеÑ
+поÑ, пока она в западне. УÑиÑÑваÑ,
наÑколÑко ÑÑÑдно оÑвободиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
+вам лÑÑÑе бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐµ
подалÑÑе.</p>
+
+<p>Ðожно опÑобоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² диаÑ
ÑониÑеÑкой западне без неÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм, но еÑли Ð²Ñ ÑобиÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ пÑоÑÑо
поигÑаÑÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñ
одиÑÑ ÐµÐµ
+подалÑÑе. РпÑедпÑиÑÑиÑ, и ÑаÑÑнÑе лиÑа
найдÑÑ Ð¿ÑекÑаÑнÑе ÑвободнÑе
+алÑÑеÑнаÑивÑ, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ñакой
пÑоблемÑ; ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ¶Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑой западни,
+нÑжно ÑолÑко ÑаÑпознаÑÑ ÐµÐµ.</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru">лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 4.0
ÐÑемиÑнаÑ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2016/09/29 07:28:35 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.ru-en.html 29 Sep 2016
07:28:35 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+
+<title>When Free Software Depends on Nonfree - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</h2>
+
+ <p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>When a program is free software (free as in freedom), that means it
+gives users the four freedoms (<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>)
+so that they control what the program does. In most cases, that is
+sufficient for the program's distribution to be ethical; but not
+always. There are additional problems that can arise in specific
+circumstances. This article describes a subtle problem, where
+upgrading the free program requires using a nonfree program.</p>
+
+<p>If the free program's use depends unavoidably on another program which
+is nonfree, we say that the free program is “trapped.” Its code is
+free software, and you may be able to copy pieces of its code into
+other free programs with good, ethical results. But you shouldn't
+<em>run</em> the trapped program, because that entails surrendering
+your freedom to the other nonfree program.</p>
+
+<p>Someone who upholds the principles of free software would not knowingly
+make a program that is trapped. However, many free programs are
+developed by people or companies that don't particularly support these
+principles, or don't understand the problem.</p>
+
+<p>Dependence on a nonfree program can take various forms. The most
+basic form is when the programming language used has no free
+implementation. The first programs I wrote for the GNU system in the
+1980s, including GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make, had to be compiled with
+AT&T's nonfree C compiler, because there was no free C compiler until
+I wrote GCC. Fortunately, this kind of problem is mostly a thing of
+the past; we now have free compilers and platforms for just about all
+the languages anyone uses for writing free software.</p>
+
+<p>We can release the program from this kind of trap by translating it to
+another language, or by releasing a free implementation of the
+language it's written in. Thus, when a full free Java implementation
+became available, that released all the free Java programs from the <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</a>.</p>
+
+<p>This kind of dependence is conceptually simple because it stems from
+the situation at one given instant in time. At time T, free program P
+won't run without nonfree programming platform Q. To borrow a term
+from linguistics, this relationship is “synchronic.”</p>
+
+<p>More recently, we have seen another kind of dependence in database
+programs, where you can build and run any given version of the program
+in the free world, but upgrading from version N to version N+1
+requires a nonfree program.</p>
+
+<p>This happens because the internal format of the database changes from
+version N to version N+1. If you have been seriously using version N,
+you probably have a large existing database in the version N format.
+To upgrade to version N+1 of the database software, you need to
+reformat that database.</p>
+
+<p>If the way you are supposed to do this is by running a proprietary
+database reformat program, or using the developer's service which is
+SaaSS, the database software is trapped—but in a more subtle
+way. Any single version of the database program can be used without
+nonfree software or SaaSS. The problem arises when you try to keep
+using the program for the long term, which entails upgrading it from
+time to time; you can't use it this way without some nonfree software
+or equivalent. This database program is trapped across time—we
+could call it “diachronically trapped,” borrowing another term from
+linguistics.</p>
+
+<p>For example, the program OpenERP, though free, is diachronically
+trapped. <a href="/software/health/">GNU Health</a>, our free package
+for running a medical clinic, initially used OpenERP. In 2011, GNU
+Health developer Luis Falcón discovered that upgrading to the next
+version of OpenERP required sending the database (full of patients'
+medical data) to OpenERP's server for reformatting. This is SaaSS (<a
+href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Service as a
+Software Substitute</a>): it requires the user of GNU Health (a
+clinic) to entrust its own computing and its data to the company
+developer of OpenERP. Rather than bow down, Falcón rewrote GNU Health
+to use <a href="http://www.tryton.org">Tryton</a> instead.</p>
+
+<p>Using SaaSS is inherently equivalent to running a proprietary program
+with snooping functionality and a universal back door. The service
+could keep a copy of the databases that users reformat. Even if we
+can trust the company that runs the service never to intentionally
+show any form of the data to anyone, we can't be sure that it won't be
+accessed by <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">the
+intelligence agencies of various countries</a> or security-breaking
+crackers <a
+href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">(please don't call
+them “hackers”)</a>.</p>
+
+<p>When a program is diachronically trapped, releasing it from the trap
+requires more than a one-time job of programming. Rather, the job has
+to be done continually, each time there is a change in the data
+format. Launching a project with a long-term commitment to continue
+doing this is not easy. It may be easier to pressure the company to
+stop trying to trap users—by rejecting the trapped program until it
+does so. Given how difficult it is to free the program, you had
+better stay away from it.</p>
+
+<p>It is possible to try out a diachronically trapped free program
+without nonfree software, but if you're going to do more than dabble,
+you must steer clear of really using it. Both businesses and
+individuals will find fine free alternatives that don't have such a
+problem; all it takes to avoid the trap is to recognize it.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2016/09/29 07:28:35 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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