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www/philosophy java-trap.nl.html java-trap.pl.h...


From: GNUN
Subject: www/philosophy java-trap.nl.html java-trap.pl.h...
Date: Wed, 02 Dec 2015 16:58:43 +0000

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     15/12/02 16:58:43

Modified files:
        philosophy     : java-trap.nl.html java-trap.pl.html 
        philosophy/po  : java-trap.nl-diff.html 
Added files:
        philosophy/po  : java-trap.pl-diff.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/java-trap.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/java-trap.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: java-trap.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/java-trap.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- java-trap.nl.html   9 Feb 2015 21:02:59 -0000       1.8
+++ java-trap.nl.html   2 Dec 2015 16:58:39 -0000       1.9
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/java-trap.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/java-trap.nl.po">
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/java-trap.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/java-trap.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/java-trap.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2015-10-03" --><!--#set 
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/java-trap.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
 <!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
 <h2>Vrij maar Geketend - De Java Valstrik</h2>
 
 <p>door <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -272,7 +278,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 Bijgewerkt:
 
-$Date: 2015/02/09 21:02:59 $
+$Date: 2015/12/02 16:58:39 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: java-trap.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/java-trap.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- java-trap.pl.html   6 Sep 2014 05:04:01 -0000       1.39
+++ java-trap.pl.html   2 Dec 2015 16:58:40 -0000       1.40
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/java-trap.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/java-trap.pl.po">
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/java-trap.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/java-trap.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/java-trap.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2015-10-03" --><!--#set 
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/java-trap.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
 <!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
 <h2>Wolne, lecz&nbsp;w okowach - pułapka Javy</h2>
 
 <p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -291,7 +297,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 Aktualizowane:
 
-$Date: 2014/09/06 05:04:01 $
+$Date: 2015/12/02 16:58:40 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: po/java-trap.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/java-trap.nl-diff.html   12 Apr 2014 13:59:00 -0000      1.7
+++ po/java-trap.nl-diff.html   2 Dec 2015 16:58:41 -0000       1.8
@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@
 </style></head>
 <body><pre>
 &lt;!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --&gt;
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>&lt;!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 
--&gt;</em></ins></span>
-&lt;title&gt;Free but Shackled - The Java <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>Trap&lt;/title&gt;</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>Trap
-- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation&lt;/title&gt;</em></ins></span>
-&lt;!--#include <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
 <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist"</em></ins></span>
 --&gt;
-&lt;!--#include <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist"</strong></del></span>
 <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> --&gt;
+&lt;!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Free but Shackled - The Java Trap
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist" --&gt;
+&lt;!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --&gt;
 
 &lt;h2&gt;Free but Shackled - The Java Trap&lt;/h2&gt;
 
 &lt;p&gt;by &lt;a href="http://www.stallman.org/"&gt;Richard 
Stallman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 
 
-&lt;div <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>class="announcement"&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Headnote&lt;/h3&gt;</strong></del></span>
 <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>class="announcement"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Headnote&lt;/h3&gt;</em></ins></span>
-&lt;p&gt;Since this article was first published, Sun
+&lt;div class="announcement"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Headnote&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Since this article was first published, Sun <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>(now part of Oracle)</em></ins></span>
 has &lt;a 
href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html"&gt;relicensed&lt;/a&gt;
 most of its Java platform reference implementation under the GNU
 General Public License, and there is now a free development
@@ -31,13 +31,14 @@
 trap.&lt;/p&gt;
 
 &lt;p&gt;You must be careful, however, because not every Java platform is
-free.  Sun continues distributing an executable Java platform which is
-nonfree, and other companies do so too.&lt;/p&gt;
+free.  Sun continues distributing an executable
+Java platform which is nonfree, and other companies do so too.&lt;/p&gt;
 
 &lt;p&gt;The free environment for Java is called IcedTea; the source code
 Sun freed is included in that.  So that is the one you should use.
 Many GNU/Linux distributions come with IcedTea, but some include
-nonfree Java platforms.&lt;/p&gt;
+nonfree Java <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>platforms.&lt;/p&gt;</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>platforms. (Note, added 10/2015: The free 
implementation
+of Java is known as OpenJDK in many GNU/Linux 
distributions.)&lt;/p&gt;</em></ins></span>
 
 &lt;p&gt;To reliably ensure your Java programs run fine in a free
 environment, you need to develop them using IcedTea.  Theoretically
@@ -48,16 +49,17 @@
 their name, such as JavaFX, and there are nonfree Java packages you
 might find tempting but need to reject.  So check the licenses of
 whatever packages you plan to use.  If you use Swing, make sure to use
-the free version, which comes with IcedTea.&lt;/p&gt;
+the free version, which comes with <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>IcedTea.&lt;/p&gt;</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>IcedTea. (Note, added 10/2015: A free
+replacement for JavaFX called OpenJFX has been 
released.)&lt;/p&gt;</em></ins></span>
 
 &lt;p&gt;Aside from those Java specifics, the general issue described here
 remains important, because any nonfree library or programming platform
 can cause a similar problem.  We must learn a lesson from the history of
 Java, so we can avoid other traps in the future.&lt;/p&gt;
 
-&lt;p&gt;Please also see: &lt;a <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>href="javascript-trap.html"&gt;The</strong></del></span>
 <span class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"&gt;
-The</em></ins></span> JavaScript Trap&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>&lt;/blockquote&gt;</em></ins></span>
+&lt;p&gt;Please also see: &lt;a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"&gt;
+The JavaScript Trap&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/blockquote&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;
 
 &lt;p&gt;April 12, 2004&lt;/p&gt;
@@ -212,26 +214,17 @@
 &lt;h3&gt;See also:&lt;/h3&gt;
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html"&gt;The Curious 
Incident
 of Sun in the Night-Time&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>&lt;/div&gt;</strong></del></span>
 
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- for id="content", starts 
in the include above --&gt;</em></ins></span>
+&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --&gt;
 &lt;!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --&gt;
 &lt;div id="footer"&gt;
+&lt;div class="unprintable"&gt;
 
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>&lt;p&gt;
-Please</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>&lt;div class="unprintable"&gt;
-
-&lt;p&gt;Please</em></ins></span> send <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
-&lt;a <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;em&gt;address@hidden&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.</strong></del></span>
 <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;address@hidden&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.</em></ins></span>
+&lt;p&gt;Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+&lt;a href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;address@hidden&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
 There are also &lt;a href="/contact/"&gt;other ways to contact&lt;/a&gt;
-the FSF.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>&lt;br /&gt;
-Please send broken</strong></del></span>  <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections 
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
-to &lt;a <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;em&gt;address@hidden&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
-&lt;/p&gt;
-
-&lt;p&gt;</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;address@hidden&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to &lt;a 
href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;address@hidden&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
 &lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
         replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -245,29 +238,25 @@
         &lt;p&gt;For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
         our web pages, see &lt;a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html"&gt;Translations
-        README&lt;/a&gt;. --&gt;</em></ins></span>
+        README&lt;/a&gt;. --&gt;
 Please see the &lt;a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html"&gt;Translations
 README&lt;/a&gt; for information on coordinating and submitting translations
-of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
-&lt;/p&gt;</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.&lt;/p&gt;
-&lt;/div&gt;</em></ins></span>
+of this article.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
 
-&lt;p&gt;Copyright &copy; 2004, 2010 Richard Stallman&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Copyright &copy; 2004, <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>2010</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>2010, 2015</em></ins></span> Richard 
Stallman&lt;/p&gt;
 
 &lt;p&gt;This page is licensed under a &lt;a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/"&gt;Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>License&lt;/a&gt;.
-&lt;/p&gt;
-
-&lt;p&gt;
-Updated:</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>License&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+<span 
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/"&gt;Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"&gt;Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United 
States</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 
International</em></ins></span> License&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 
 &lt;!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --&gt;
 
-&lt;p class="unprintable"&gt;Updated:</em></ins></span>
+&lt;p class="unprintable"&gt;Updated:
 &lt;!-- timestamp start --&gt;
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:00 $
+$Date: 2015/12/02 16:58:41 $
 &lt;!-- timestamp end --&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;

Index: po/java-trap.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/java-trap.pl-diff.html
diff -N po/java-trap.pl-diff.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/java-trap.pl-diff.html   2 Dec 2015 16:58:41 -0000       1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/java-trap.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+&lt;!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --&gt;
+&lt;!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Free but Shackled - The Java Trap
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist" --&gt;
+&lt;!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --&gt;
+
+&lt;h2&gt;Free but Shackled - The Java Trap&lt;/h2&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;by &lt;a href="http://www.stallman.org/"&gt;Richard 
Stallman&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+
+
+&lt;div class="announcement"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Headnote&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Since this article was first published, Sun <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>(now part of Oracle)</em></ins></span>
+has &lt;a 
href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html"&gt;relicensed&lt;/a&gt;
+most of its Java platform reference implementation under the GNU
+General Public License, and there is now a free development
+environment for Java.  Thus, the Java language as such is no longer a
+trap.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;You must be careful, however, because not every Java platform is
+free.  Sun continues distributing an executable
+Java platform which is nonfree, and other companies do so too.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;The free environment for Java is called IcedTea; the source code
+Sun freed is included in that.  So that is the one you should use.
+Many GNU/Linux distributions come with IcedTea, but some include
+nonfree Java <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>platforms.&lt;/p&gt;</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>platforms. (Note, added 10/2015: The free 
implementation
+of Java is known as OpenJDK in many GNU/Linux 
distributions.)&lt;/p&gt;</em></ins></span>
+
+&lt;p&gt;To reliably ensure your Java programs run fine in a free
+environment, you need to develop them using IcedTea.  Theoretically
+the Java platforms should be compatible, but they are not compatible
+100 percent.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;In addition, there are nonfree programs with &ldquo;Java&rdquo; in
+their name, such as JavaFX, and there are nonfree Java packages you
+might find tempting but need to reject.  So check the licenses of
+whatever packages you plan to use.  If you use Swing, make sure to use
+the free version, which comes with <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>IcedTea.&lt;/p&gt;</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>IcedTea. (Note, added 10/2015: A free
+replacement for JavaFX called OpenJFX has been 
released.)&lt;/p&gt;</em></ins></span>
+
+&lt;p&gt;Aside from those Java specifics, the general issue described here
+remains important, because any nonfree library or programming platform
+can cause a similar problem.  We must learn a lesson from the history of
+Java, so we can avoid other traps in the future.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;Please also see: &lt;a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"&gt;
+The JavaScript Trap&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;April 12, 2004&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  If your program is free software, it is basically ethical&mdash;but
+  there is a trap you must be on guard for. Your program, though in
+  itself free, may be restricted by nonfree software that it depends
+  on. Since the problem is most prominent today for Java programs, we
+  call it the Java Trap.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  A program is free software if its users have certain crucial
+  freedoms. Roughly speaking, they are: the freedom to run the
+  program, the freedom to study and change the source, the freedom to
+  redistribute the source and binaries, and the freedom to publish
+  improved versions. (See
+  &lt;a 
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"&gt;http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html&lt;/a&gt;.)
+  Whether any given program in source form is free software depends
+  solely on the meaning of its license.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  Whether the program can be used in the Free World, used by people who mean to
+  live in freedom, is a more complex question. This is not determined by the
+  program's own license alone, because no program works in isolation. Every 
program
+  depends on other programs. For instance, a program needs to be compiled or
+  interpreted, so it depends on a compiler or interpreter. If compiled into
+  byte code, it depends on a byte-code interpreter. Moreover, it needs
+  libraries in order to run, and it may also invoke other separate programs
+  that run in other processes. All of these programs are dependencies.
+  Dependencies may be necessary for the program to run at all, or they may
+  be necessary only for certain features. Either way, all or part of the
+  program cannot operate without the dependencies.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  If some of a program's dependencies are nonfree, this means that
+  all or part of the program is unable to run in an entirely free
+  system&mdash;it is unusable in the Free World. Sure, we could
+  redistribute the program and have copies on our machines, but that's
+  not much good if it won't run. That program is free software, but it
+  is effectively shackled by its nonfree dependencies.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  This problem can occur in any kind of software, in any language. For
+  instance, a free program that only runs on Microsoft Windows is clearly
+  useless in the Free World. But software that runs on GNU/Linux can also be
+  useless if it depends on other nonfree software. In the past, Motif (before
+  we had LessTif) and Qt (before its developers made it free software) were
+  major causes of this problem. Most 3D video cards work fully only with
+  nonfree drivers, which also cause this problem. But the major source of
+  this problem today is Java, because people who write free software often
+  feel Java is sexy. Blinded by their attraction to the language, they
+  overlook the issue of dependencies and fall into the Java Trap.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  Sun's implementation of Java is nonfree. The standard Java libraries are
+  nonfree also. We do have free implementations of Java, such as the &lt;a
+  href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/"&gt;GNU Compiler for Java&lt;/a&gt; (GCJ) and 
&lt;a
+  href="/software/classpath"&gt;GNU Classpath&lt;/a&gt;, but they don't 
support all the
+  features yet. We are still catching up.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  If you develop a Java program on Sun's Java platform, you are liable
+  to use Sun-only features without even noticing. By the time you find
+  this out, you may have been using them for months, and redoing the
+  work could take more months. You might say, &ldquo;It's too much
+  work to start over.&rdquo; Then your program will have fallen into
+  the Java Trap; it will be unusable in the Free World.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  The reliable way to avoid the Java Trap is to have only a free implementation
+  of Java on your system. Then if you use a Java feature or library that free
+  software does not yet support, you will find out straightaway, and you can
+  rewrite that code immediately.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  Sun continues to develop additional &ldquo;standard&rdquo; Java
+  libraries, and nearly all of them are nonfree; in many cases, even
+  a library's specification is a trade secret, and Sun's latest
+  license for these specifications prohibits release of anything less
+  than a full implementation of the specification. (See
+  &lt;a 
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf"&gt;http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf&lt;/a&gt;
 and
+  &lt;a 
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html"&gt;http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html&lt;/a&gt;
+  for examples.)
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  Fortunately, that specification license does permit releasing an
+  implementation as free software; others who receive the library can be
+  allowed to change it and are not required to adhere to the specification.
+  But the requirement has the effect of prohibiting the use of a collaborative
+  development model to produce the free implementation. Use of that model would
+  entail publishing incomplete versions, something those who have read the
+  spec are not allowed to do.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  In the early days of the free software movement, it was impossible to avoid
+  depending on nonfree programs. Before we had the GNU C compiler, every C
+  program (free or not) depended on a nonfree C compiler. Before we had the
+  GNU C library, every program depended on a nonfree C library. Before we had
+  Linux, the first free kernel, every program depended on a nonfree kernel.
+  Before we had BASH, every shell script had to be interpreted by a nonfree
+  shell. It was inevitable that our first programs would initially be hampered
+  by these dependencies, but we accepted this because our plan included 
rescuing
+  them subsequently. Our overall goal, a self-hosting GNU operating system,
+  included free replacements for all those dependencies; if we reached the 
goal,
+  all our programs would be rescued. Thus it happened: with the GNU/Linux 
system,
+  we can now run these programs on free platforms.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  The situation is different today. We now have powerful free operating systems
+  and many free programming tools. Whatever job you want to do, you can do it 
on
+  a free platform; there is no need to accept a nonfree dependency even
+  temporarily. The main reason people fall into the trap today is because they
+  are not thinking about it. The easiest solution to the problem
+  is to teach people to recognize it and not fall into it.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  To keep your Java code safe from the Java Trap, install a free Java
+  development environment and use it. More generally, whatever
+  language you use, keep your eyes open, and check the free status of
+  programs your code depends on. The easiest way to verify that a
+  program is free is by looking for it in the Free Software Directory
+  (&lt;a 
href="http://www.fsf.org/directory"&gt;http://www.fsf.org/directory&lt;/a&gt;).
+  If a program is not in the directory, you can check its license(s)
+  against the list of free software licenses
+  (&lt;a 
href="/licenses/license-list.html"&gt;http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html&lt;/a&gt;).
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;
+  We are trying to rescue the trapped Java programs, so if you like the Java
+  language, we invite you to help in developing GNU Classpath. Trying your
+  programs with the GCJ Compiler and GNU Classpath, and reporting any
+  problems you encounter in classes already implemented, is also useful.
+  However, finishing GNU Classpath will take time; if more nonfree libraries
+  continue to be added, we may never have all the latest ones. So please don't
+  put your free software in shackles. When you write an application program
+  today, write it to run on free facilities from the start.
+&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;h3&gt;See also:&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html"&gt;The Curious 
Incident
+of Sun in the Night-Time&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --&gt;
+&lt;!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --&gt;
+&lt;div id="footer"&gt;
+&lt;div class="unprintable"&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+&lt;a href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;address@hidden&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
+There are also &lt;a href="/contact/"&gt;other ways to contact&lt;/a&gt;
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to &lt;a 
href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;&lt;address@hidden&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to &lt;a href="mailto:address@hidden"&gt;
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+        &lt;p&gt;For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see &lt;a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html"&gt;Translations
+        README&lt;/a&gt;. --&gt;
+Please see the &lt;a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html"&gt;Translations
+README&lt;/a&gt; for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;Copyright &copy; 2004, <span 
class="removed"><del><strong>2010</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>2010, 2015</em></ins></span> Richard 
Stallman&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;This page is licensed under a &lt;a rel="license"
+<span 
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/"&gt;Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"&gt;Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United 
States</strong></del></span> <span 
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 
International</em></ins></span> License&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --&gt;
+
+&lt;p class="unprintable"&gt;Updated:
+&lt;!-- timestamp start --&gt;
+$Date: 2015/12/02 16:58:41 $
+&lt;!-- timestamp end --&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre></body></html>



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