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www philosophy/government-free-software.ru.html... |
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server/po : sitemap.ru-en.html sitemap.ru.po
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Index: philosophy/government-free-software.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/government-free-software.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- philosophy/government-free-software.ru.html 18 May 2013 06:42:25 -0000
1.23
+++ philosophy/government-free-software.ru.html 22 May 2013 13:43:30 -0000
1.24
@@ -48,11 +48,13 @@
коÑпоÑаÑии, конÑÑолиÑÑемÑе гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвом
или наделеннÑе гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвом оÑобÑми
пÑивилегиÑми или ÑÑнкÑиÑми.</p>
+<h3>ÐбÑазование</h3>
<p>Ðаиболее важнÑе пÑавила каÑаÑÑÑÑ
обÑазованиÑ, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ ÑоÑмиÑÑеÑ
бÑдÑÑее ÑÑÑанÑ:</p>
<ul>
-<li>РпÑоÑеÑÑе обÑазоваÑелÑной
деÑÑелÑноÑÑи (или, по кÑайней меÑе,
деÑÑелÑноÑÑи
+<li><b>ÐбÑÑаÑÑ ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам</b><br />
+РпÑоÑеÑÑе обÑазоваÑелÑной деÑÑелÑноÑÑи
(или, по кÑайней меÑе, деÑÑелÑноÑÑи
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑÑÑеждений) должнÑ
пÑеподаваÑÑÑÑ ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
(Ñаким обÑазом, они никогда не Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑи
ÑÑаÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ðº полÑзованиÑ
неÑвободной пÑогÑаммой), и ÑÑаÑимÑÑ
ÑледÑÐµÑ ÑаÑÑказÑваÑÑ Ð¾ гÑажданÑкиÑ
@@ -61,28 +63,33 @@
обÑазоваÑелÑного заведениÑ.</li>
</ul>
+<h3>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво и обÑеÑÑво</h3>
<p>Также жизненно Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе
ноÑмÑ, коÑоÑÑе влиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо, какие
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑнÑми лиÑами и
оÑганизаÑиÑми:</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¸ пÑакÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑблиÑного ÑекÑоÑа
нÑжно измениÑÑ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ никогда
+<li><p><b>Ðикогда не ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</b><br />
+ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¸ пÑакÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑблиÑного ÑекÑоÑа
нÑжно измениÑÑ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ никогда
не ÑÑебовали и не вÑнÑждали ÑаÑÑнÑÑ
лиÑ
или оÑганизаÑии полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
неÑвободной пÑогÑаммой. Ðни Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ñакже
ÑбеждаÑÑ Ð¾ÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑики
веÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ пÑбликаÑии, коÑоÑаÑ
подÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñакие поÑледÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ (в Ñом
ÑиÑле
<a href="http://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm">ÑиÑÑовое
ÑпÑавление
огÑаниÑениÑми</a>).</p></li>
-<li><p>ÐÑÑкий Ñаз, когда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное
ÑÑÑеждение пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² обÑее
+<li><p><b>РаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ</b><br />
+ÐÑÑкий Ñаз, когда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное
ÑÑÑеждение пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² обÑее
полÑзование, в Ñом ÑиÑле пÑогÑаммÑ,
вклÑÑаемÑе в ÑÑÑаниÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑайÑов или
ÑказаннÑе на ниÑ
, ÑÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑвободнÑе и
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑабоÑоÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° плаÑÑоÑме,
ÑодеÑжаÑей иÑклÑÑиÑелÑно ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ.</p></li>
-<li><p>СайÑÑ Ð¸ ÑеÑевÑе ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑÑÑеждений Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑганизованÑ
+<li><p><b>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑайÑÑ</b><br />
+СайÑÑ Ð¸ ÑеÑевÑе ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑÑÑеждений Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑганизованÑ
Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑели могли ими
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑклÑÑиÑелÑно
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, не иÑпÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого
какиÑ
-либо недоÑÑаÑков.</p></li>
-<li><p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
пÑименÑÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñе ÑоÑмаÑÑ Ñайлов и
+<li><p><b>СвободнÑе ÑоÑмаÑÑ Ð¸ пÑоÑоколÑ</b><br />
+ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
пÑименÑÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñе ÑоÑмаÑÑ Ñайлов и
пÑоÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑвÑзи, коÑоÑÑе Ñ
оÑоÑо
поддеÑживаÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами,
пÑедпоÑÑиÑелÑно Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑбликованнÑми
ÑпеÑиÑикаÑиÑми. (ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑоÑмÑлиÑÑем ÑÑо в
ÑеÑминаÑ
“ÑÑандаÑÑов”, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ÑÑо должно ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ
@@ -91,7 +98,8 @@
ÑÑебÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
кодеков или Flash, а
пÑблиÑнÑе библиоÑеки не должнÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ ÑиÑÑовÑм
ÑпÑавлением огÑаниÑениÑми.</p></li>
-<li><p>ÐокÑпка компÑÑÑеÑов не должна бÑÑÑ
ÑопÑÑжена Ñ ÑÑебованием пÑиобÑеÑениÑ
+<li><p><b>ÐÑвÑзаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий</b><br />
+ÐокÑпка компÑÑÑеÑов не должна бÑÑÑ
ÑопÑÑжена Ñ ÑÑебованием пÑиобÑеÑениÑ
лиÑензии неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. Ðакон
должен ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑодавÑа пÑедлагаÑÑ
покÑпаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÑпиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ
без неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм и без
вÑплаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑензионнÑÑ
оÑÑиÑлений.</p>
@@ -105,26 +113,30 @@
</li>
</ul>
+<h3>ÐÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑй ÑÑвеÑениÑеÑ</h3>
<p>ÐеÑколÑко пÑавил каÑаÑÑÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑного ÑÑвеÑениÑеÑа
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва. ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑÑÑеждениÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñвоей
обÑабоÑкой инÑоÑмаÑии, не ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ в
ÑаÑÑнÑе ÑÑки. ÐÑо каÑаеÑÑÑ Ð²Ñей
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑеÑ
ники, в Ñом ÑиÑле
ÑоÑовÑÑ
ÑелеÑонов.</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
пеÑейÑи на ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ не должнÑ
+<li><p><b>ÐеÑейÑи на ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</b><br />
+ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
пеÑейÑи на ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ не должнÑ
ни ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ, ни пÑодолжаÑÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами, за
вÑеменнÑми иÑклÑÑениÑми. ÐÑи вÑеменнÑе
иÑклÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑолÑко одним оÑганом и ÑолÑко когда бÑдÑÑ
пÑедÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑбедиÑелÑнÑе
доводÑ. ЦелÑÑ ÑÑого оÑгана должно бÑÑÑ
Ñведение колиÑеÑÑва иÑклÑÑений к
нÑлÑ.</p></li>
-<li><p>Ðогда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное ÑÑÑеждение
оплаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ ÑеÑениÑ
+<li><p><b>РазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ ÑвободнÑе ÑеÑениÑ</b><br
/>
+Ðогда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное ÑÑÑеждение
оплаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ ÑеÑениÑ
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной задаÑи, в договоÑе должно
бÑÑÑ ÑÑебование пÑедÑÑавиÑÑ ÑÑо в
виде ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе могли бÑ
вÑполнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ñвободной на 100%
ÑÑеде. ÐÑо ÑÑебование должно бÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ вÑеÑ
договоÑаÑ
, ÑÑобÑ, еÑли ÑазÑабоÑÑик
не ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑÐµÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑебованиÑ, ÑабоÑÑ
нелÑÐ·Ñ Ð±Ñло Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиваÑÑ.</p></li>
-<li><p>Ðогда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное ÑÑÑеждение
пÑиобÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ аÑендÑÐµÑ Ð²ÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ
+<li><p><b>ÐÑбиÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð·
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</b><br />
+Ðогда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное ÑÑÑеждение
пÑиобÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ аÑендÑÐµÑ Ð²ÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑеÑ
никÑ, оно должно вÑбиÑаÑÑ ÑÑеди ÑеÑ
моделей, коÑоÑÑе в Ñвоем клаÑÑе
наиболее близки к ÑомÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
ÑабоÑоÑпоÑобнÑми без какиÑ
Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво должно
ÑоÑÑавлÑÑÑ, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ клаÑÑа
@@ -132,16 +144,19 @@
кÑиÑеÑиÑ. Ðодели, доÑÑÑпнÑе как длÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва, Ñак и в ÑозниÑной пÑодаже,
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑедпоÑиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñм, доÑÑÑпнÑм
ÑолÑко Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва.</p></li>
-<li><p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑи акÑивнÑе
пеÑеговоÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑоизводиÑелÑми о Ñом, ÑÑобÑ
+<li><p><b>ÐеÑÑи пеÑеговоÑÑ Ñ
пÑоизводиÑелÑми</b><br />
+ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑи акÑивнÑе
пеÑеговоÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑоизводиÑелÑми о Ñом, ÑÑобÑ
вÑводиÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑнок (гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑй и
обÑедоÑÑÑпнÑй) ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÑÑие
аппаÑаÑнÑе пÑодÑкÑÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
знаÑимÑÑ
каÑегоÑий, коÑоÑÑе не ÑÑебÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p></li>
-<li><p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑизÑваÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгие
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва к коллекÑивнÑм пеÑеговоÑам
+<li><p><b>ÐбÑединÑÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвами</b><br />
+ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑизÑваÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгие
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва к коллекÑивнÑм пеÑеговоÑам
о ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
аппаÑаÑнÑÑ
пÑодÑкÑаÑ
Ñ
пÑоизводиÑелÑми. ÐмеÑÑе Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
бÑдеÑ
болÑÑе влиÑниÑ.</p></li>
</ul>
+<h3>ÐÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑй ÑÑвеÑениÑеÑ, ÑаÑÑÑ II</h3>
<p>РвÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑй ÑÑвеÑениÑÐµÑ (и
безопаÑноÑÑÑ) гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва вÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолÑ
над компÑÑÑеÑами, коÑоÑÑе пÑоизводÑÑ
ÑабоÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва. ÐоÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ
избегаÑÑ <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
@@ -150,7 +165,8 @@
ÑмалÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва над Ñвоими
вÑÑиÑлениÑми. СледоваÑелÑно,</p>
<ul>
-<li>ÐаждÑй компÑÑÑеÑ, коÑоÑÑм полÑзÑеÑÑÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑво, должен пÑинадлежаÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
+<li><b>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво должно конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ
Ñвои компÑÑÑеÑÑ</b><br />
+ÐаждÑй компÑÑÑеÑ, коÑоÑÑм полÑзÑеÑÑÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑво, должен пÑинадлежаÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
аÑендоваÑÑÑÑ Ñой же Ñамой веÑвÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑи,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ полÑзÑеÑÑÑ, и ÑÑа веÑвÑ
не должна ÑÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑоÑонним пÑаво
ÑеÑаÑÑ, кÑо Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑизиÑеÑкий доÑÑÑп к
компÑÑÑеÑÑ, кÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° нем
ÑабоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑемонÑÑ Ð¸ наÑÑÑойке
@@ -160,25 +176,31 @@
как владелÑÑем, либо как аÑендаÑоÑом).</li>
</ul>
-<p>ÐÑÑгое пÑавило каÑаеÑÑÑ ÑазвиÑиÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
и неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм:</p>
+<h3>ÐлиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑазвиÑие</h3>
+<p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñика заÑÑагиваеÑ
ÑазвиÑие ÑвободнÑÑ
и неÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм:</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво должно пооÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков к ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑлÑÑÑениÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
+<li><p><b>ÐооÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе</b><br />
+ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво должно пооÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков к ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑлÑÑÑениÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, а Ñакже ÑеÑ
, кÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
обÑедоÑÑÑпнÑми, напÑимеÑ, Ñнижением
налогов и дÑÑгим ÑинанÑовÑм
ÑÑимÑлиÑованием. ÐапÑоÑив, не ÑледÑеÑ
ÑоздаваÑÑ
ÑакиÑ
ÑÑимÑлов Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки,
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ пÑименениÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p></li>
-<li><p>Ð ÑаÑÑноÑÑи, Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑиков
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не должно бÑÑÑ
возможноÑÑи
+<li><p><b>Ðе пооÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе</b><br />
+Ð ÑаÑÑноÑÑи, Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑиков неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не должно бÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑи
“пÑиноÑиÑÑ Ð² дає ÑÑебнÑм заведениÑм
копии пÑогÑамм и подаваÑÑ
заÑÐ²ÐºÑ Ð½Ð° ÑпиÑание налогов в ÑазмеÑе
номиналÑной ÑÑоимоÑÑи пÑогÑамм. Ð
ÑÑебном заведении неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
незаконнÑ.</p></li>
</ul>
+<h3>ÐлекÑÑоннÑе оÑбÑоÑÑ</h3>
<p>Свобода не должна ознаÑаÑÑ ÑлекÑÑоннÑе
оÑбÑоÑÑ:</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>Ðногие ÑовÑеменнÑе компÑÑÑеÑÑ
ÑпÑоекÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ
невозможной
+<li><p><b>ÐаменÑемÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</b><br />
+Ðногие ÑовÑеменнÑе компÑÑÑеÑÑ
ÑпÑоекÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ
невозможной
Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑÑановленнÑÑ
в ниÑ
пÑогÑамм
на ÑвободнÑе. Таким обÑазом,
единÑÑвеннÑй ÑпоÑоб оÑвободиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
—
ÑÑо вÑбÑоÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. ÐÑа
пÑакÑика наноÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ñед обÑеÑÑвÑ.</p>
@@ -262,7 +284,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2013/05/18 06:42:25 $
+$Date: 2013/05/22 13:43:30 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru-en.html 18 May 2013 06:43:39
-0000 1.23
+++ philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru-en.html 22 May 2013 13:43:31
-0000 1.24
@@ -41,38 +41,45 @@
corporations controlled by the state or established with special
privileges or functions by the state.</p>
+<h3>Education</h3>
<p>The most important policy concerns education, since that shapes
the future of the country:</p>
<ul>
-<li>Educational activities, or at least those of state entities, must
+<li><b>Teach only free software</b><br />
+Educational activities, or at least those of state entities, must
teach only free software (thus, they should never lead students to use
a nonfree program), and should teach the civic reasons for insisting
on free software. To teach a nonfree program is to teach dependence,
which is contrary to the mission of the school.</li>
</ul>
+<h3>The State and the Public</h3>
<p>Also crucial are state policies that influence what software
individuals and organizations use:</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>Laws and public sector practices must be changed so that they never
+<li><p><b>Never require nonfree programs</b><br />
+Laws and public sector practices must be changed so that they never
require or pressure individuals or organizations to use a nonfree
program. They should also discourage communication and publication
practices that imply such consequences (including
<a href="http://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm">Digital
Restrictions Management</a>).</p></li>
-<li><p>Whenever a state entity distributes software to the public,
+<li><p><b>Distribute only free software</b><br />
+Whenever a state entity distributes software to the public,
including programs included in or specified by its web pages, it must
be distributed as free software, and must be capable of running on a
platform containing exclusively free software.</p></li>
-<li><p>State entity web sites and network services must be designed so
+<li><p><b>State web sites</b><br />
+State entity web sites and network services must be designed so
that users can use them, without disadvantage, by means of free
software exclusively.</p></li>
-<li><p>State entities must use only file formats and communication
+<li><p><b>Free formats and protocols</b><br />
+State entities must use only file formats and communication
protocols that are well supported by free software, preferably with
published specifications. (We do not state this in terms of
“standards” because it should apply to nonstandardized interfaces
as
@@ -81,7 +88,8 @@
codecs, and public libraries must not distribute works with Digital
Restrictions Management.</p></li>
-<li><p>Sale of computers must not require purchase of a proprietary
+<li><p><b>Untie computers from licenses</b><br />
+Sale of computers must not require purchase of a proprietary
software license. The seller should be required by law to offer the
purchaser the option of buying the computer without the proprietary
software and without paying the license fee.</p>
@@ -94,41 +102,48 @@
</li>
</ul>
+<h3>Computational Sovereignty</h3>
<p>Several policies affect the computational sovereignty of the state.
State entities must maintain control over their computing, not cede
control to private hands. These points apply to all computers,
including smartphones.</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>State entities must migrate to free software, and must not install,
+<li><p><b>Migrate to free software</b><br />
+State entities must migrate to free software, and must not install,
or continue using, any nonfree software except under a temporary
exception. Only one agency should have the authority to grant these
temporary exceptions, and only when shown compelling reasons. This
agency's goal should be to reduce the number of exceptions to zero.</p></li>
-<li><p>When a state entity pays for development of a computing solution,
+<li><p><b>Develop free IT solutions</b><br />
+When a state entity pays for development of a computing solution,
the contract must require it be delivered as free software and be
capable of running on a 100% free environment. All contracts must
require this, so that if the developer does not comply with this
requirement, the work cannot be paid for.</p></li>
-<li><p>When a state entity buys or leases computers, it must choose among
+<li><p><b>Choose computers for free software</b><br />
+When a state entity buys or leases computers, it must choose among
the models that come closest, in their class, to being capable of
running without any proprietary software. The state should maintain,
for each class of computers, a list of the models authorized based on
this criterion. Models available to both the public and the state
should be preferred to models available only to the state.</p></li>
-<li><p>The state should negotiate actively with manufacturers to bring
+<li><p><b>Negotiate with manufacturers</b><br />
+The state should negotiate actively with manufacturers to bring
about the availability in the market (to the state and the public) of
suitable hardware products, in all pertinent product areas, that
require no proprietary software.</p></li>
-<li><p>The state should invite other states to negotiate collectively with
+<li><p><b>Unite with other states</b><br />
+The state should invite other states to negotiate collectively with
manufacturers about suitable hardware products. Together they will
have more clout.</p></li>
</ul>
+<h3>Computational Sovereignty II</h3>
<p>The computational sovereignty (and security) of the state includes
control over the computers that do the state's work. This requires
avoiding <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
@@ -137,7 +152,8 @@
that diminish the state control over its computing. Therefore,</p>
<ul>
-<li>Every computer that the state uses must belong to or be leased by
+<li><b>State must control its computers</b><br />
+Every computer that the state uses must belong to or be leased by
the same branch of government that uses it, and that branch must not
cede to outsiders the right to decide who has physical access to the
computer, who can do maintenance (hardware or software) on it, or
@@ -146,25 +162,30 @@
the state is the occupant (either as owner or as tenant).</li>
</ul>
-<p>One other policy affects free and nonfree software development:</p>
+<h3>Influence Development</h3>
+<p>State policy affects free and nonfree software development:</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>The state should encourage developers to create or enhance free
+<li><p><b>Encourage free</b><br />
+The state should encourage developers to create or enhance free
software and who make it available to the public, e.g. by tax breaks
and other financial incentive. Contrariwise, no such incentives
should be granted for development, distribution or use of nonfree
software.</p></li>
-<li><p>In particular, proprietary software developers should not be able to
+<li><p><b>Don't encourage nonfree</b><br />
+In particular, proprietary software developers should not be able to
“donate” copies to schools and claim a tax write-off for the
nominal
value of the software. Proprietary software is not legitimate in a
school.</p></li>
</ul>
+<h3>E-waste</h3>
<p>Freedom should not imply e-waste:</p>
<ul>
-<li><p>Many modern computers are designed to make it impossible to
+<li><p><b>Replaceable software</b><br />
+Many modern computers are designed to make it impossible to
replace their preloaded software with free software. Thus, the only
way to free them is to junk them. This practice is harmful to
society.</p>
@@ -224,7 +245,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/05/18 06:43:39 $
+$Date: 2013/05/22 13:43:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru.po 22 May 2013 13:20:58
-0000 1.25
+++ philosophy/po/government-free-software.ru.po 22 May 2013 13:43:31
-0000 1.26
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-05-21 22:55+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -407,12 +406,10 @@
msgstr "ÐлиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑазвиÑие"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-One other-]{+State+} policy affects free and nonfree software
-# | development:
-#| msgid "One other policy affects free and nonfree software development:"
msgid "State policy affects free and nonfree software development:"
msgstr ""
-"ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñика заÑÑагиваеÑ
ÑазвиÑие ÑвободнÑÑ
и неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм:"
+"ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñика заÑÑагиваеÑ
ÑазвиÑие ÑвободнÑÑ
и неÑвободнÑÑ
"
+"пÑогÑамм:"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
msgid "<b>Encourage free</b>"
Index: server/sitemap.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/sitemap.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.57
retrieving revision 1.58
diff -u -b -r1.57 -r1.58
--- server/sitemap.ru.html 21 May 2013 22:59:54 -0000 1.57
+++ server/sitemap.ru.html 22 May 2013 13:43:31 -0000 1.58
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@
<dd>ÐÑвеÑгнÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑекÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð± оÑ
Ñане ÐС</dd>
<dt><a
href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html</a></dt>
- <dd>Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</dd>
+ <dd>ХоÑоÑо ли вообÑе полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
неÑвободной пÑогÑаммой?</dd>
<dt><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">java-trap.html</a></dt>
<dd>СвободнÑ, но в кандалаÑ
â ÐÐ°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ñ Java</dd>
<dt><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">javascript-trap.html</a></dt>
@@ -1914,7 +1914,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2013/05/21 22:59:54 $
+$Date: 2013/05/22 13:43:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/po/sitemap.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/sitemap.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.40
retrieving revision 1.41
diff -u -b -r1.40 -r1.41
--- server/po/sitemap.ru-en.html 21 May 2013 03:00:45 -0000 1.40
+++ server/po/sitemap.ru-en.html 22 May 2013 13:43:31 -0000 1.41
@@ -1156,6 +1156,8 @@
Prosperity</dd>
<dt><a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">ipjustice.html</a></dt>
<dd>Reject IP Enforcement Directive</dd>
+ <dt><a
href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html</a></dt>
+ <dd>Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</dd>
<dt><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">java-trap.html</a></dt>
<dd>Free but Shackled - The Java Trap</dd>
<dt><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">javascript-trap.html</a></dt>
@@ -1793,7 +1795,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/05/21 03:00:45 $
+$Date: 2013/05/22 13:43:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/po/sitemap.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/sitemap.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- server/po/sitemap.ru.po 22 May 2013 13:21:05 -0000 1.35
+++ server/po/sitemap.ru.po 22 May 2013 13:43:32 -0000 1.36
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-05-21 22:55+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Site map of www.gnu.org - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
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