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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www distros/distros.ar.html distros/po/distros.... |
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Date: |
Sun, 12 May 2013 04:58:33 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/05/12 04:58:33
Modified files:
distros : distros.ar.html
distros/po : distros.ar.po
philosophy : compromise.ar.html not-ipr.ar.html
open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html
why-free.ar.html
philosophy/po : compromise.ar.po not-ipr.ar.po
open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po
why-free.ar.po
Added files:
distros/po : distros.ar-en.html
philosophy/po : compromise.ar-en.html not-ipr.ar-en.html
open-source-misses-the-point.ar-en.html
why-free.ar-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/distros.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/distros.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/distros.ar-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/compromise.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-free.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.46&r2=1.47
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.ar-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.ar-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: distros/distros.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/distros.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- distros/distros.ar.html 16 Sep 2012 05:18:19 -0000 1.24
+++ distros/distros.ar.html 12 May 2013 04:58:27 -0000 1.25
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/distros.en.html" -->
+
<title>تÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس - ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ
غÙÙ</title>
+<link rel="alternate" title="تÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØرÙØ©"
+ href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
+ type="application/rss+xml" />
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/distros.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/po/distros.ar.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/distros/po/distros.ar.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/distros/distros.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2011-07-14" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>تÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس</h2>
<p>
@@ -24,11 +24,10 @@
<h3 id="freeDistros">تÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ØرÙØ©</h3>
<p>
-We recommend that you use a free GNU/Linux system distribution, one that
-does not include proprietary software at all. That way you can be sure that
-you are not installing any non-free programs. Here is our list of such
-distros:<br />
-<a href="/distros/free-distros.html"> Free GNU/Linux distributions</a>.</p>
+ÙØÙ ÙÙØµØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù
Ø¥Øد٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙØرÙØ©
ÙÙظاÙ
غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙاØد Ù
٠اÙØ£ÙظÙ
Ø©
+اÙت٠Ùا تتضÙ
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ© عÙÙ
اÙإطÙاÙ. ÙبÙذ٠اÙطرÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تتأÙد
+Ù
٠أÙÙ ÙÙ
تثبت أ٠براÙ
ج غÙر ØرÙØ©. ÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø©
بÙ
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙتÙزÙعات:<br />
+<a href="/distros/free-distros.html"> تÙزÙعات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس
اÙØرÙØ©</a>.</p>
<p>
ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙتÙزÙعات تØتاج Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
زÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ساعدة Ù٠اÙتطÙÙر. ÙعÙÙÙØ Ùإذا ÙÙت
@@ -38,111 +37,135 @@
<h3 id="distroGuidelines">إرشادات اÙتÙزÙعة اÙØرÙØ©</h3>
<p>
-Here is the list of problems that can prevent a distro from being considered
-entirely free:<br />
-<a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"> Guidelines for
-free system distributions</a>.</p>
+ÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© باÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠تÙ
Ùع
تÙزÙعة Ù
عÙÙØ© Ù
٠أ٠تÙÙÙ ØرÙØ©:<br />
+<a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"> إرشادات
+ÙتÙزÙعات اÙÙظاÙ
اÙØرÙØ©</a></p>
<h3 id="otherDistros">اÙتÙزÙعات اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙرة</h3>
<p>
-Many common and well-known GNU/Linux software distributions don't meet our
-guidelines. You can read about their problems here:<br />
-<a href="/distros/common-distros.html"> Why we can't endorse many well-known
-GNU/Linux distros</a>.</p>
+ÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙرة ÙاÙÙ
عرÙÙØ© جدÙا
Ùا تتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع إرشاداتÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
+اÙÙراءة ع٠Ù
شاÙÙÙا ÙÙا:<br />
+<a href="/distros/common-distros.html"> Ø´Ø±Ø ÙÙ
اذا Ùا ÙؤÙد
تÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس
+اÙÙ
عرÙÙØ©</a></p>
<p>
ÙÙاشد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠Ùذ٠اÙتÙزÙعات ÙإزاÙØ© اÙأجزاء
غÙر اÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙØ£Ù ÙجعÙÙÙا Øرة
باÙÙاÙ
Ù.
</p>
+<h3 id="optionallyFree">اختÙارÙا٠Øر ÙÙس ÙاÙÙاÙ</h3>
+<p>
+بعض تÙزÙعات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس تسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ø®Ùار
تÙصÙب اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙجرÙØ© ÙÙØ·. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
+Ùراءة:<br />
+<a href="/distros/optionally-free-not-enough.html"> ÙÙ
اذا
اختÙارÙا٠Øر ÙÙس
+ÙاÙÙاÙ.</a></p>
-<div style="font-size: small;">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
- </div>
-</div>
+<h3 id="whyImportant">ÙÙ
اذا Ùذا Ù
ÙÙ
Ø</h3>
+<p>
+عÙدÙ
ا ÙتضÙ
٠إØد٠تÙزÙعات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس برÙ
جÙات
غÙر ØØ±Ø©Ø Ùتسبب ÙÙ ÙÙعÙÙ Ù
Ù
+اÙÙ
شاÙÙ:</p>
-<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ar.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<ul>
+<li>إذا ÙÙ
ت بتÙصÙبÙØ ÙÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠تÙصب ÙتستخدÙ
برÙ
جÙات غÙر ØرÙØ©.</li>
+<li>تعط٠ÙÙÙاس ÙÙرة خاطئة ع٠اÙÙدÙ.</li>
+</ul>
<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
-href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙØ£ÙÙÙ Ù
باشرة: Ùؤثر عÙ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙتÙزÙØ¹Ø©Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§ ÙصÙب برÙ
جÙات غÙر
+ØرÙØ©. Ù
ع Ø°ÙÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙثاÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙØ£ÙÙ
Ø
ÙØ£ÙÙا تؤثر عÙ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع بأÙÙ
ÙÙ.
</p>
<p>
-Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.ar.html">تعÙÙÙ
اتاÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>
-ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ØÙ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتسÙÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©.
+Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙغÙر ØرÙØ© Ùا ÙÙÙÙÙÙØ ”
ÙØÙ Ùعتذر ع٠ÙجÙد عÙاصر غÙر
+ØرÙØ© Ù٠تÙزÙعتÙا. ÙØÙ Ùا ÙعÙÙ
Ù
اذا اعتراÙا
ÙÙتضÙ
ÙÙا. ÙØ£Ù
٠أ٠ÙرÙز Ø°ÙÙÙا عÙÙ
+اÙØرÙØ© Ù٠اÙتÙزÙع اÙÙادÙ
.“ Ø¥Ù ÙاÙÙا ÙذاØ
سÙترÙÙ٠تأثÙر سئ Ø£ÙÙ.
</p>
<p>
-ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 2009 Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
اÙÙ
ØدÙدةØ
+عÙضا٠ع٠ذÙÙØ Ø¹Ø§Ù
Ø©Ù ÙÙدÙ
Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙغÙر
ØرÙØ© ÙØ¥Øد٠اÙØ®Ùاص اÙØ¥ÙجابÙØ©Ø
+ÙÙÙÙÙÙ٠أ٠ÙدÙÙÙ
” Ø£Ùض٠تجربة Ù
Ù
ÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
“Ø Ø£Ù Ø´Ùئا٠Ù
Ù Ø°ÙÙ
+اÙÙبÙÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠اÙØرÙØ©. بÙ
عÙÙ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙÙدÙÙ
اÙÙاس ÙØ٠اÙÙ
ÙاءÙ
Ø© ÙÙ٠اÙØرÙØ©
+— ÙÙ Ù
Ù
ارسة عÙ٠طر٠اÙÙÙÙض Ù
Ù ØÙ
ÙتÙا
Ùجع٠اÙØرÙØ© اÙÙد٠اÙأساسÙ.
</p>
-<p>ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ùسخ ÙتÙزÙع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ© ÙاÙ
ÙØ©Ù
ØرÙÙÙا Ù٠أ٠ÙسÙØ·Ø Ø¨Ø´Ø±Ø· إبÙاء Ùذا
-اÙإخطار.
+
+<p>
+ÙاÙع أ٠تÙ٠اÙتÙزÙعات Ùا تÙدÙ
اÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
اÙسبب Ø£ÙÙا Ùا ÙؤÙدÙا. ÙØÙ ÙÙÙ٠بشدة
+Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙضÙØ© ÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙاس Ø£Ùا ÙÙدرÙا
اÙØرÙØ© .
</p>
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ar.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÙضÙÙÙ
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات
جÙÙ Ù<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
+href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙإ٠إس Ø¥Ù. Ù
Ù
ÙضÙ٠أرس٠اÙÙصÙات
+اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">تعÙÙÙ
اتاÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>
+ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ØÙ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتسÙÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 2010 Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
اÙÙ
ØدÙدةØ</p>
+
+<p>Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ© Ù
رخصة ÙÙÙ <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>رخصة Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-ترجÙ
Ùا <em>صÙØ§Ø Ø§ÙدÙÙÙ ØÙ
ÙاÙØ©</em><br
-/>تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
-<em>ÙشاÙ
ÙاÙ
Ùت</em><br />.ÙرÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ©
بإشرا٠<em>ØساÙ
ØسÙÙ</em>.</div>
- <p>
-<!-- timestamp start -->
+تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© بÙاسطة: رÙÙ٠إ. جرجس</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2012/09/16 05:18:19 $
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:27 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ©</h4>
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
- If you add a new language here, please
- advise address@hidden and add it to
- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
- Please also check you have the language code right; see:
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<ul class="translations-list">
-<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-<!-- English -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-<!-- Italian -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
-<!-- Polish -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-<!-- Slovak -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
-<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: distros/po/distros.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/distros.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- distros/po/distros.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:47:14 -0000 1.24
+++ distros/po/distros.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:58:31 -0000 1.25
@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-11 21:21+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Rafik E. Younan <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Arabic <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ar\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Language: ar\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2011-07-14 04:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=6; plural=n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 "
"&& n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 && n%100<=99 ? 4 : 5;\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.5\n"
@@ -48,8 +47,7 @@
"discover that by mistake some had been included, they remove it."
msgstr ""
"تÙزÙعات ÙظاÙ
غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØرÙØ© تتضÙ
Ù
ÙتÙØªØ±Ø Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙØ·. ترÙض تÙÙ "
-"اÙتÙزÙعات اÙتطبÙÙات غÙر اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
Ùصات
اÙبرÙ
جة غÙر اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙتعرÙÙات غÙر "
-"اÙØرÙØ© "
+"اÙتÙزÙعات اÙتطبÙÙات غÙر اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
Ùصات
اÙبرÙ
جة غÙر اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙتعرÙÙات غÙر اÙØرÙØ© "
"ÙاÙبراÙ
ج اÙثابتة غÙر اÙØرÙØ© “blobs”Ø
Ùأ٠برÙاÙ
ج أ٠تÙØ«Ù٠غÙر ØرÙ. "
"Ùإذا اÙتشÙت تضÙ
Ù٠أ٠Ù
ÙÙا باÙخطأ ÙØ¥ÙÙا
تزÙÙÙا."
@@ -195,8 +193,7 @@
"minds on freedom.” If they did, they would have less of a bad "
"influence."
msgstr ""
-"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙغÙر ØرÙØ© Ùا ÙÙÙÙÙÙØ ”
ÙØÙ Ùعتذر ع٠ÙجÙد عÙاصر غÙر "
-"ØرÙØ© "
+"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙغÙر ØرÙØ© Ùا ÙÙÙÙÙÙØ ”
ÙØÙ Ùعتذر ع٠ÙجÙد عÙاصر غÙر ØرÙØ© "
"Ù٠تÙزÙعتÙا. ÙØÙ Ùا ÙعÙÙ
Ù
اذا اعتراÙا ÙÙتضÙ
ÙÙا. ÙØ£Ù
٠أ٠ÙرÙز Ø°ÙÙÙا عÙÙ "
"اÙØرÙØ© Ù٠اÙتÙزÙع اÙÙادÙ
.“ Ø¥Ù ÙاÙÙا
ÙØ°Ø§Ø Ø³ÙترÙÙ٠تأثÙر سئ Ø£ÙÙ."
@@ -208,8 +205,7 @@
"words, they lead people to place convenience above freedom — working "
"directly against our campaign to make freedom the primary goal."
msgstr ""
-"عÙضا٠ع٠ذÙÙØ Ø¹Ø§Ù
Ø©Ù ÙÙدÙ
Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙغÙر ØرÙØ© ÙØ¥Øد٠اÙØ®Ùاص اÙØ¥ÙجابÙØ©Ø "
-"ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ "
+"عÙضا٠ع٠ذÙÙØ Ø¹Ø§Ù
Ø©Ù ÙÙدÙ
Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙغÙر ØرÙØ© ÙØ¥Øد٠اÙØ®Ùاص اÙØ¥ÙجابÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ
"
"Ø£Ù ÙدÙÙÙ
” Ø£Ùض٠تجربة Ù
Ù
ÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
“Ø Ø£Ù Ø´Ùئا٠Ù
Ù Ø°Ù٠اÙÙبÙÙØ "
"عÙضا٠ع٠اÙØرÙØ©. بÙ
عÙÙ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙÙدÙ٠اÙÙاس
ÙØ٠اÙÙ
ÙاءÙ
Ø© ÙÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© — ÙÙ "
"Ù
Ù
ارسة عÙ٠طر٠اÙÙÙÙض Ù
Ù ØÙ
ÙتÙا ÙجعÙ
اÙØرÙØ© اÙÙد٠اÙأساسÙ."
@@ -231,10 +227,6 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
-#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
-#| "contact</a> the FSF."
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
@@ -242,12 +234,11 @@
"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
"org></a>."
msgstr ""
-"ÙضÙÙÙ
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات جÙÙ
Ù<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>"
-"<"
-"address@hidden></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a href=\"/contact/\">طرÙ
أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> "
-"باÙإ٠إس Ø¥Ù. Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة "
-"Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-"\"><address@hidden></a>."
+"ÙضÙÙÙ
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات جÙÙ
Ù<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a href=\"/contact/\">طرÙ
أخر٠"
+"ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙإ٠إس Ø¥Ù. Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرسÙ
اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات Ø£Ù "
+"اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
+"</a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
Index: philosophy/compromise.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/compromise.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- philosophy/compromise.ar.html 16 Sep 2012 05:28:17 -0000 1.12
+++ philosophy/compromise.ar.html 12 May 2013 04:58:31 -0000 1.13
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة (إ٠إس Ø¥Ù)</title>
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/compromise.en.html" -->
+<title>تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.ar.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/compromise.ar.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/compromise.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2011-07-20" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
+<h2>تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة</h2>
+
<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
background-color: #ececec; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em;
margin-top: 4em;"><p><em>”أعÙÙت Ùب٠خÙ
سة ÙعشرÙ٠عاÙ
Ùا <a
@@ -20,14 +19,12 @@
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠خر Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù ÙسÙ
٠غÙÙ (Ù
٠عبارة
’غÙÙ ÙÙس ÙÙÙÙس‘) ÙÙجزء
Ù
٠اØتÙاÙÙتÙا بÙ
رÙر 25 عاÙ
Ùا عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
غÙÙØ
ÙÙÙد Ùتبت Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ© اÙت٠تتÙاÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة.
تÙجد Ùسائ٠ÙØ«Ùرة (باÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ
-تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة) <a href="/help/help.ar.html">ÙÙ
ساعدة غÙÙ</a>
-ÙاÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ£ØدÙا <a
+تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة) <a href="/help/help.html">ÙÙ
ساعدة غÙÙ</a> ÙاÙبرÙ
جÙات
+اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ£ØدÙا <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052";>اÙاÙضÙ
اÙ
Ø¥ÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a> Ùعض٠Ù
ساعد“</em>—<b>رÙتشارد
ستÙÙÙ
Ù</b></p></div>
-<h2>تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة</h2>
-
<p>بÙÙÙ
<strong>رÙتشارد ستÙÙÙ
Ù</strong></p>
<p>تÙد٠ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø¥Ù٠تغÙÙر اجتÙ
اعÙØ <a
@@ -89,7 +86,7 @@
<p>Ø¥Ù ÙÙسÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© تراع٠ÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ستÙÙÙØ ÙÙ٠تؤÙد تÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ
ÙتعززÙا. ÙÙÙذا ÙØ¥ÙÙا <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html">Ùا ÙدعÙ
اÙÙ
صادر
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Ùا ÙدعÙ
اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©</a>.</p>
<img src="/graphics/gnulaptop.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
@@ -104,17 +101,18 @@
رÙض Ù
ساÙÙ
Ø© Dale Carnegie اÙت٠تعÙ٠اÙتأثÙر عÙÙ
تصرÙاتÙÙ
بتأÙÙد ÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙاستÙÙاÙÙØ©.</p>
-<p>Ùا Ø£ÙÙ٠أÙÙا Ùا ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙستشÙد باÙÙ
زاÙا
اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© عÙ٠اÙإطÙاÙØ Ø¨Ù Ùذا Ù
Ù
ÙÙØ
-ÙÙØÙ ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ. اÙØ£Ù
ر ÙØµØ¨Ø Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙØ· عÙدÙ
ا
تسر٠اÙÙ
زاÙا اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙأضÙاء ÙتدÙع
-اÙØرÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙراء. ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¥ÙÙا عÙدÙ
ا ÙستشÙد
باÙÙ
زاÙا اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
-ÙØ¥ÙÙا ÙؤÙد Ù
رارÙا عÙ٠أÙÙا Ù
جرد <em>أسباب
إضاÙÙØ© ثاÙÙÙØ©</em> ÙاختÙارÙا.</p>
+<p>Ùا Ø£ÙÙ٠أÙÙا Ùا ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙستشÙد باÙÙ
زاÙا
اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© عÙ٠اÙإطÙا٠—Ø Ø¨Ù Ùذا
+Ù
Ù
ÙÙØ ÙÙØÙ ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ. اÙØ£Ù
ر ÙØµØ¨Ø Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙØ·
عÙدÙ
ا تسر٠اÙÙ
زاÙا اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙأضÙاء
+ÙتدÙع اÙØرÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙراء. ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¥ÙÙا عÙدÙ
ا
ÙستشÙد باÙÙ
زاÙا اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات
+اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا ÙؤÙد Ù
رارÙا عÙ٠أÙÙا Ù
جرد
<em>أسباب إضاÙÙØ© ثاÙÙÙØ©</em>
+ÙاختÙارÙا.</p>
<p>Ùا ÙÙÙ٠أ٠Ùجع٠خطابÙا ÙتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع Ù
بادئÙاØ
بÙÙ Ùجب Ø£Ù Ùجع٠أÙعاÙÙا تتÙÙ Ù
عÙا
Ø£ÙضÙا. ÙÙذا Ùجب عÙÙÙا تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙتÙ
تتضÙ
٠اÙÙÙاÙ
أ٠اÙرض٠باÙØ£Ù
Ùر اÙتÙ
ÙØ£Ù
٠إÙÙاÙÙا.</p>
<p>عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø£Ø¸Ùرت اÙتجربة Ø¥Ù
ÙاÙÙØ©
جذب بعض اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠إÙÙ <a
-href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ar.html">غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس</a> إذا ضÙ
ÙÙت
بعض اÙبراÙ
ج غÙر
+href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس</a> إذا ضÙ
ÙÙت بعض
اÙبراÙ
ج غÙر
اÙØرة. ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙØ´Ù
٠ذا تطبÙÙÙا غÙر Øر جذاب
ÙسØر عÙ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ø Ø£Ù Ù
Ùصة برÙ
جة
غÙر Øرة Ù
Ø«Ù <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">جاÙا</a>
(سابÙÙا) ÙÙ
Ùتبة
تشغÙÙ ÙÙاش (ØاÙÙÙا)Ø Ø£Ù ØªØ¹Ø±Ù٠جÙاز غÙر Øر ÙÙ
Ù٠دعÙ
بعض Ø£ÙÙاع اÙعتاد.</p>
@@ -139,18 +137,25 @@
غÙر أخÙاÙÙØ©. ÙÙأج٠شرÙائÙÙ
ÙاÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø ÙسÙÙ
ÙدعÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ستÙÙÙ. Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙرÙض
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات إذا أردÙا اÙÙ
ØاÙظة عÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùا.</p>
-<p>إذا أردت دعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة بدÙ٠اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
Ø© عÙÙ Ùد٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ø±Ø§Ø¬Ø¹ <a
+<p>إذا أردت اÙاÙتÙا٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة بدÙÙ
اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
Ø© عÙÙ Ùد٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ø±Ø§Ø¬Ø¹ <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/resources";>Ù
ÙØ·ÙØ© Ù
Ùارد Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>Ø
ÙÙ٠تسرد ÙائÙ
Ø© باÙÙ
عدات ÙاÙأجÙزة اÙت٠تعÙ
Ù
Ù
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù<a
-href="/distros/distros.ar.html">ÙائÙ
Ø© بتÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس
اÙØرة باÙÙاÙ
Ù</a>
-ÙÙ
Ù٠تثبÙتÙØ§Ø ÙØ¢Ùا٠ØزÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
اÙت٠تعÙ
Ù Ù٠بÙئة Ù
ÙÙÙØ© 100% Ù
Ù
-براÙ
ج Øرة. إذا أردت اÙÙ
ساعدة Ù٠إبÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع عÙ٠طرÙ٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ùإ٠إØد٠أÙÙ
-اÙطر٠Ù٠اÙتÙ
س٠عÙÙÙا بÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙاطÙØ©. عÙدÙ
ا
ÙÙاÙØ´ اÙÙاس Ù
ا Ù٠جÙد ÙسÙØ¡Ø Ø£Ù Ù
ا
-Ùجدر اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙØ ÙÙ٠بÙÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع
ÙداÙع عÙÙا.</p>
+href="/distros">ÙائÙ
Ø© بتÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØرة
باÙÙاÙ
Ù</a> ÙÙ
Ù٠تثبÙتÙاØ
+ÙØ¢Ùا٠ØزÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙت٠تعÙ
Ù ÙÙ
بÙئة Ù
ÙÙÙØ© 100% Ù
٠براÙ
ج Øرة. إذا
+أردت اÙÙ
ساعدة Ù٠إبÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع عÙ٠طرÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ùإ٠إØد٠أÙÙ
اÙطر٠Ù٠اÙتÙ
سÙ
+عÙÙÙا بÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙاطÙØ©. عÙدÙ
ا ÙÙاÙØ´ اÙÙاس Ù
ا
Ù٠جÙد ÙسÙØ¡Ø Ø£Ù Ù
ا Ùجدر اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙØ
+ÙÙ٠بÙÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙداÙع عÙÙا.</p>
-<p>إ٠اÙطرÙ٠اÙØ°Ù ÙدÙ٠بسرعة Ø£Ùبر ÙÙس تÙدÙ
Ùا
إذا اÙتÙ٠ب٠إÙ٠اÙÙ
Ùا٠اÙخطأ. Ø¥Ù
+<p>إ٠اÙطرÙ٠اÙØ°Ù ÙدÙ٠بسرعة Ø£Ùبر ÙÙس Ø£ÙضÙ
إذا اÙتÙ٠ب٠إÙ٠اÙÙ
Ùا٠اÙخطأ. Ø¥Ù
اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
Ø© أساس ÙتØÙÙÙ Ùد٠عاÙÙØ ÙÙ٠اØذر Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙت٠تبعد ع٠اÙÙدÙ.</p>
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+ÙÙÙاط شبÙÙØ© Ù٠أÙج٠Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙØÙØ§Ø©Ø Ø£Ùظر
<a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/19/nudge-is-not-enough-behaviour-change";>"'ÙÙزة'
+ÙÙست ÙاÙÙØ©"</a>.
+</p>
<div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -158,103 +163,56 @@
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ar.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠ÙØ¥Ù‌إس‌Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات
غÙÙ Ù<a
+
+<p>Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات غÙÙ Ù<a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
-href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a>
بإÙ‌إس‌Ø¥Ù. <br /> Ù
Ù ÙضÙÙ
-أرس٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات Ø£Ù
اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-</p>
+href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙإ٠إس Ø¥Ù. Ù
Ù
ÙضÙ٠أرس٠اÙÙصÙات
+اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
<p>
-Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.ar.html">تعÙÙÙ
ات
-اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a> ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ØÙ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتسÙÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©.
-</p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">تعÙÙÙ
ات
+اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a> ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ØÙ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتسÙÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©.</p>
<p>ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 2008Ø 2009 <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/";>رÙتشارد
ستÙÙÙ
Ù</a>.</p>
-<p>رÙتشارد ستÙÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ Ù
ؤسس Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùسخ Ùإعادة تÙزÙع ÙØ°Ù
-اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ© تØت <a rel="license"
+<p>Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ© Ù
رخصة ÙÙÙ <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>رخصة Creative
-Commons Attribution Noderivs 3.0</a>.</p>
-
-<!--
-<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
- xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
- xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#";>
-<Work rdf:about="">
-<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/"; />
-</Work>
-
-<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/";>
- <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"; />
- <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"; />
-
- <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"; />
- <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"; />
-</License>
-
-</rdf:RDF>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States</a>.</p>
--->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-ترجÙ
Ùا <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>أساÙ
Ø©
خاÙد</em></a><br />.ÙرÙÙ
-اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ© بإشرا٠<em>ØساÙ
-ØسÙÙ</em>.</div>
- <p>
-<!-- timestamp start -->
+تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© بÙاسطة: رÙÙ٠إ. جرجس</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2012/09/16 05:28:17 $
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ©</h4>
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
-<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<ul class="translations-list">
-<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-<!-- English -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-<!-- Italian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
-<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html 16 Sep 2012 05:28:23 -0000 1.14
+++ philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html 12 May 2013 04:58:31 -0000 1.15
@@ -2,17 +2,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html" -->
+
<title>Ø£ÙÙت ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¥ÙÙا سراب
Ùاذب - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة (إ٠إس Ø¥Ù)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2011-07-14" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>Ø£ÙÙت ”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“Ø Ø¥ÙÙا سراب
Ùاذب</h2>
<p>بÙÙÙ
<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>رÙتشارد Ø¥Ù
. ستÙÙÙ
Ù</a></p>
@@ -30,7 +26,11 @@
”Ù
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙرÙØ©“ Ùاتج ع٠عادة عÙبت عاÙ
1967 اÙذ٠تأسست ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø©
”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ اÙعاÙÙ
ÙØ© (WIPO)Ø
ÙØ£ØµØ¨Ø Ø´Ø§Ø¦Ø¹Ùا جدÙا Ù٠اÙسÙÙات
اÙÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
اضÙØ© ÙÙØ·. (تعد WIPO رسÙ
ÙÙا Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø©
تابعة ÙÙØ£Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ
-اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙ
Ø«Ù ØاÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات
اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©.)
+اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙ
Ø«Ù ØاÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات
اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©.) استخداÙ
+Ùاسع ÙÙتÙارÙØ® Ù
Ù <a
+href="http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1";>
+ØÙاÙÙ 1990 </a>.(<a href="/grapgics/seductivemirage.png"> Ùسخة Ù
ØÙÙØ©
+ÙÙصÙرة</a>)
</p>
<p>
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@
اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙصÙØ© (تÙ
اÙ
Ùا) ÙØ³ØªØªØ§Ø ÙÙ Ùرصة
اÙدراسة اÙصائبة.
</p>
-<p>
-ÙعÙدÙ
ا ÙØÙÙ Ù
Ùعد إعادة تشÙÙÙ WIPOØ <a
-href="http://www.fsfe.org/documents/wiwo.html";>ÙدعÙÙا (ضÙ
٠أشÙاء
أخرÙ) ÙطاÙب
-بتغÙÙر اسÙ
Ùا</a>.
+<p>ÙعÙدÙ
ا ÙØÙÙ Ù
Ùعد إعادة تشÙÙÙ WIPO ÙÙا Ø <a
+href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>Ø£Øد اÙاÙتراØات
ÙتغÙر اسÙ
+ÙجÙÙر WIPO</a>.
+
</p>
<div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -184,92 +184,43 @@
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠ÙØ¥Ù‌إس‌Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات
غÙÙ Ù<a
+Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات غÙÙ Ù<a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
-href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a>
بإÙ‌إس‌Ø¥Ù. <br /> Ù
Ù ÙضÙÙ
-أرس٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات Ø£Ù
اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> بإ٠إس Ø¥Ù.
+<br />
+Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات
أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
</p>
<p>
-Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.ar.html">تعÙÙÙ
ات
+Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">تعÙÙÙ
ات
اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a> ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ØÙ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتسÙÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©.
</p>
<p>
-ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 2004Ø 2006 رÙتشارد ستÙÙÙ
ا٠<br />
اÙÙسخ ÙاÙتÙزÙع اÙØرÙÙ
-ÙÙ
دخÙØ© اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù
Ùجاز بدÙ٠رسÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙسÙØ·
بشرط إبÙاء Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاØظة.
+ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 2004, 2006, 2010 رÙتشارد Ù
. ستÙÙÙ
اÙ
+<br />
+Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ© Ù
رخصة ÙÙÙ <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>رخصة Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States</a>.
</p>
-
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-ترجÙ
Ùا <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>أساÙ
Ø©
خاÙد</em></a><br />.ÙرÙÙ
-اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ© بإشرا٠<em>ØساÙ
-ØسÙÙ</em>.</div>
- <p>
-<!-- timestamp start -->
+تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© بÙاسطة: رÙÙ٠إ. ÙÙÙاÙ</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2012/09/16 05:28:23 $
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ©</h4>
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
-<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
-<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
-<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
-<!-- Please use xhtml normative character entities, instead of -->
-<!-- non-w3c entities. xhtml should be XML compliant -->
-<ul class="translations-list">
-<!-- Afrikaans -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.af.html">Afrikaans</a> [af]</li>
-<!-- German -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-<!-- English -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-<!-- Italian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
-<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
-<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-<!-- Dutch -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-<!-- Polish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
-<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html 16 Sep 2012 05:28:23
-0000 1.28
+++ philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html 12 May 2013 04:58:31
-0000 1.29
@@ -1,161 +1,173 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" -->
+
<title>ÙÙ
اذا Ùا تÙ٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© بغرض
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة (Ø¥Ù&#8203;إس&#8203;Ø¥Ù)</title>
+اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a
href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2011-07-14" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>ÙÙ
اذا Ùا تÙ٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© بغرض اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</h2>
-<p>بÙÙÙ
<strong>رÙتشارد ستÙÙÙ
Ù</strong></p>
+<p>بÙÙÙ
<strong> رÙتشارد ستÙÙÙ
Ù </strong></p>
-<p>Ù٠اÙÙغة اÙØ¥ÙجÙÙزÙØ©Ø Ø¹ÙدÙ
ا ÙÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙ
برÙاÙ
ج صÙØ© &rdquo;Free&ldquo;
-ÙÙذا ÙعÙ٠أÙÙ ÙØترÙ
<a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">ØرÙÙات
-اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙأربع</a>:ØرÙØ© تشغÙÙÙ
Ùدراست٠ÙتغÙÙر٠Ùإعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
ÙÙ
-Ù
ع أ٠بدÙ٠تغÙÙرات. إذا ÙاÙØ£Ù
ر Ù
تعÙÙ
باÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙس اÙسعر.</p>
+<p>Ù٠اÙÙغة اÙØ¥ÙجÙÙزÙØ©Ø Ø¹ÙدÙ
ا ÙÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙ
برÙاÙ
ج صÙØ© “Øر” ÙÙذا ÙعÙÙ
+Ø£ÙÙ ÙØترÙ
<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ØرÙÙات اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙأربع
+</a>:ØرÙØ© تشغÙÙÙ Ùدراست٠ÙتغÙÙر٠Ùإعادة
تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
ÙÙ Ù
ع أ٠بدÙÙ
+تغÙÙرات. إذا ÙاÙØ£Ù
ر Ù
تعÙ٠باÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙس
اÙسعر.</p>
<p>Ùذ٠اÙØرÙات ضرÙرÙØ© Ø¬Ø¯Ø§Ø ÙÙ٠أساسÙØ©Ø ÙÙس
ÙØ£ÙÙا Ù
جرد Ù
Ø·Ùب ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠أÙØ±Ø§Ø¯Ø Ø¨Ù
-ÙØ£ÙÙا تعزÙز اÙتÙاÙ٠اÙاجتÙ
اعÙ&mdash;اÙÙ
تÙ
Ø«Ù Ù٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙاÙتعاÙÙ. تصبØ
-Ùذ٠اÙØرÙات Ø£Ùثر Ø£ÙÙ
ÙØ© Ù
ع دخÙ٠اÙتÙÙÙØ©
Ø´Ùئا ÙØ´Ùئا ÙÙ ÙشاطاتÙا اÙØ«ÙاÙÙØ©
+ÙØ£ÙÙا تعزÙز اÙتÙاÙ٠اÙاجتÙ
اعٗاÙÙ
تÙ
Ø«Ù
Ù٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙاÙتعاÙÙ. ØªØµØ¨Ø ÙØ°Ù
+اÙØرÙات Ø£Ùثر Ø£ÙÙ
ÙØ© Ù
ع دخÙ٠اÙتÙÙÙØ© Ø´Ùئا
ÙØ´Ùئا ÙÙ ÙشاطاتÙا اÙØ«ÙاÙÙØ©
ÙاÙØÙاتÙØ©. Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙأصÙات ÙاÙصÙر ÙاÙÙ
ÙاÙات اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ©Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
-بشÙÙ Ù
ضطرد أشب٠Ù
اتÙÙ٠باÙØرÙØ© Ù٠اÙØÙاة
اÙÙاÙعÙØ©.</p>
+بشÙÙ Ù
طرد أشب٠Ù
ا تÙÙ٠باÙØرÙØ© Ù٠اÙØÙاة
اÙÙاÙعÙØ©.</p>
-<p>Ù
ÙاÙÙ٠اÙأشخاص ØÙ٠اÙعاÙÙ
ÙستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ
دارس٠ÙÙ Ù
ÙاطÙ
-Ù
٠اÙÙÙد ÙإسباÙÙا تعÙÙÙ
جÙ
Ùع اÙØ·Ùاب
استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØر <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ar.html">غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس</a>. ÙÙÙ Ù
عظÙ
ÙؤÙاء
+<p>Ù
ÙاÙÙ٠اÙأشخاص ØÙ٠اÙعاÙÙ
ÙستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙاÙÙ
دارس اÙعاÙ
Ø© ÙÙ
+بعض اÙÙ
Ùاط٠Ù
٠اÙÙÙد ÙإسباÙÙا تعÙÙÙ
جÙ
Ùع
اÙØ·Ùاب استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØر <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس </a>.
ÙÙÙ Ù
عظÙ
ÙؤÙاء
اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙسÙ
عÙا ÙÙÙ
ا ع٠اÙأسباب
اÙأخÙاÙÙØ© Ùراء تطÙÙر Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
ÙبÙاء
Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ£Ù Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
ÙØ°ÙÙ
اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙÙشار Ø¥ÙÙÙÙ
ا اÙÙÙÙ
باسÙ
-&rdquo;اÙÙ
صادراÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo;Ø ÙÙÙÙسبا٠إÙÙ
ÙÙسÙØ© أخر٠Ùا تÙاد تذÙر
-Ùذ٠اÙØرÙات.</p>
+”اÙÙ
صادراÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“Ø ÙÙÙÙسبا٠إÙÙ
ÙÙسÙØ© أخر٠Ùا تÙاد تذÙر ÙØ°Ù
+اÙØرÙات.</p>
<p>Ø´ÙÙÙÙت ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùأج٠ØرÙØ© Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØاسÙب Ù
ÙØ° عاÙ
1983. Ù٠عاÙ
1984 أطÙÙÙا تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØر غÙÙØ ÙÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠تجÙب Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠غÙر
اÙØرة اÙت٠تÙ
Ùع اÙØرÙØ© ع٠Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙا. Ø®ÙاÙ
اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø·ÙÙرÙا Ù
عظÙ
Ù
ÙÙÙات
-Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href="/licenses/gpl.html">رخصة غÙÙ
-اÙعÙ
ÙÙ
ÙØ©</a>Ø Ø§Ùرخصة اÙÙ
صÙ
Ù
Ø© خصÙصا ÙØÙ
اÙØ© ØرÙØ© جÙ
Ùع Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج.</p>
+Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href="/licenses/gpl.html">رخصة غÙ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙ
ÙØ©</a>Ø
+اÙرخصة اÙÙ
صÙ
Ù
Ø© خصÙصا ÙØÙ
اÙØ© ØرÙØ© جÙ
Ùع Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج.</p>
<p>ÙÙ
ÙتÙ٠جÙ
Ùع Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙÙ
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة Ù
ع Ø£ÙداÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ٠عاÙ
1998 اÙØ´Ùت
-Ù
جÙ
Ùعة ع٠Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùبدأت
اÙدعاÙØ© ÙاسÙ
&rdquo;اÙÙ
صادر
-اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo;. Ø£ÙÙØªØ±Ø Ø§ÙاسÙ
Ù٠اÙبداÙØ©
ÙتجÙب اÙÙ
غاÙطة اÙÙ
ØتÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙاتجة
-ع٠Ù
صطÙØ &rdquo;free software&ldquo; Ù٠اÙÙغة
اÙØ¥ÙجÙÙزÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ٠سرعاÙ
-Ù
ا رÙبط بعد Ø°Ù٠بآراء ÙÙسÙÙØ© تختÙ٠تÙ
اÙ
ا عÙ
آراء ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
-
-<p>بعض Ù
ؤÙد٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© اعتبرÙÙا
&rdquo;ØÙ
ÙØ© تسÙÙÙ ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØرة&ldquo;Ø ÙØ£ÙÙا سÙ٠تجذب رجا٠اÙأعÙ
اÙ
ع٠طرÙ٠اÙترÙÙز عÙ٠اÙÙ
زاÙا
-اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© Ù
ع تجÙب أطرÙØات اÙصÙاب أ٠اÙخطأ
اÙت٠Ùد Ùا ÙرÙدÙ٠سÙ
اعÙØ§Ø ÙÙ٠اÙجزء
-اÙآخر Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤÙدÙÙ ÙرÙضÙ٠تÙ
اÙ
ا ÙÙÙ
ØرÙØ©
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙأخÙاÙÙØ©
-ÙاÙاجتÙ
اعÙØ©. عÙدÙ
ا ÙدعÙ٠إÙ٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© -Ø£ÙÙا ÙاÙت تÙجÙاتÙÙ
- ÙØ¥ÙÙÙ
Ùا
-ÙØ´ÙرÙ٠أ٠ÙداÙعÙ٠ع٠Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙ
Ù
Ø·ÙÙا. Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ù
صطÙØ &rdquo;اÙÙ
صادر
-اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo; Ù
ربÙطا بشÙÙ Ù
تسارع بعادة
اÙإشارة Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ
اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙÙØ·Ø
-Ù
ث٠بÙاء برÙ
جÙات ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙØ«ÙÙØ©. Ù
عظÙ
داعÙ
Ù
اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© ÙصÙÙا Ø¥ÙÙÙا ÙÙذا
-اÙØ³Ø¨Ø¨Ø ÙÙذا اÙربط Ù٠اÙØ°Ù ÙعترÙÙ٠ب٠ÙÙØ·.</p>
-
-<p>تÙرÙبا Ù٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙا اÙÙ
صطÙØÙÙ ÙصÙا٠تÙرÙبا ÙÙس Ùئة
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات. ÙÙÙÙÙ
ا ÙستÙدا٠إÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ù
ختÙÙØ© تÙ
اÙ
ا. تشÙ٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©
-استراتÙجÙØ© تطÙÙØ±Ø Ø¨ÙÙÙ
ا تÙ
ث٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة ØرÙØ© اجتÙ
اعÙØ©. باÙÙسبة ÙØرÙØ©
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ØªÙ
ث٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
Ùاجبا أخÙاÙÙØ§Ø Ùأ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
-ÙØدÙا تØترÙ
ØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ. ÙعÙ٠اÙجاÙب
اÙØ¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙسÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© تÙظر
-Ø¥Ù٠اÙØ£Ù
Ùر Ù
٠جاÙب ÙÙÙÙØ© جع٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
&rdquo;Ø£ÙضÙ&ldquo;&mdash;
-Ù
٠جاÙب عÙ
Ù٠بØت. تدع٠أ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات غÙر
اÙØرة Ø٠أÙÙ Ù
ثاÙÙØ©. ÙÙ٠باÙÙسبة
-ÙØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات غÙر
اÙØرة Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© اجتÙ
اعÙØ©Ø ÙاÙاÙتÙا٠إÙÙ
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù٠اÙØÙ.</p>
-
-<p>&rdquo;اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة&ldquo;. &rdquo;اÙÙ
صادر
-اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo;. إذا ÙاÙت ÙÙس اÙبرÙ
جÙاتØ
Ø£ÙÙÙ
أ٠اسÙ
٠تستخدÙ
Ø ÙعÙ
Ø ÙØ£Ù
-اÙÙÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
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ختÙÙØ©. عÙÙ
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Ø Ø¥Ùا أ٠ترسÙØ®
اÙØرÙØ© عÙ٠أساس ثابت ÙعتÙ
د ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
-Ø´ÙØ¡ عÙ٠تعÙÙÙ
اÙÙاس ÙÙÙ
Ø© اÙØرÙØ©. إذا أردت
اÙÙ
ساعدة ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØ Ù
٠اÙضرÙر٠أÙ
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جÙات اÙØرة&ldquo;.</p>
+Ù
جÙ
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جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùبدأت
اÙدعاÙØ© ÙاسÙ
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صادر
+اÙÙ
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Ù٠اÙبداÙØ©
ÙتجÙب اÙÙ
غاÙطة اÙÙ
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صطÙØ ”اÙبرÙ
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اÙØ¥ÙجÙÙزÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ٠سرعا٠Ù
ا رÙبط
+بعد Ø°Ù٠بآراء ÙÙسÙÙØ© تختÙ٠تÙ
اÙ
ا ع٠آراء
ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
+
+<p>بعض Ù
ؤÙد٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© اعتبرÙÙا
”ØÙ
ÙØ© تسÙÙÙ ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات
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ا٠عÙ
طرÙ٠اÙترÙÙز عÙ٠اÙÙ
زاÙا
+اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© Ù
ع تجÙب أطرÙØات اÙصÙاب أ٠اÙخطأ
اÙت٠Ùد Ùا ÙرÙدÙ٠سÙ
اعÙا. ÙÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة
+أخر٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤÙدÙÙ ÙرÙضÙ٠تÙ
اÙ
ا ÙÙÙ
ØرÙØ©
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙأخÙاÙÙØ©
+ÙاÙاجتÙ
اعÙØ©. عÙدÙ
ا ÙدعÙ٠إÙ٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙÙ
Ùا ÙØ´ÙرÙ٠أ٠ÙداÙعÙ٠عÙ
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صطÙØ ”اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
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تسارع بعادة اÙإشارة Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ
اÙعÙ
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ث٠بÙاء برÙ
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عظÙ
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صادر اÙÙ
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Ø¥ÙÙÙا ÙÙذا اÙØ³Ø¨Ø¨Ø ÙÙذا اÙربط ÙÙ
+اÙØ°Ù ÙعترÙÙ٠ب٠ÙÙØ·.</p>
+
+<p>ÙÙا اÙÙ
صطÙØÙÙ ÙصÙا٠تÙرÙبا ÙÙس Ùئة اÙبرÙ
جÙات. ÙÙÙÙÙ
ا ÙستÙدا٠إÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ù
ختÙÙØ©
+تÙ
اÙ
ا. تشÙ٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© استراتÙجÙØ©
تطÙÙØ±Ø Ø¨ÙÙÙ
ا تÙ
ث٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
+ØرÙØ© اجتÙ
اعÙØ©. باÙÙسبة ÙØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ØªÙ
ث٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùاجبا
+أخÙاÙÙØ§Ø Ø¥ØترÙ
ا٠جÙÙرÙا ÙØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ.
ÙعÙ٠اÙجاÙب اÙØ¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙسÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر
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٠جاÙب ÙÙÙÙØ© جعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات
+”Ø£Ùضٓ— Ù
٠جاÙب عÙ
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اÙبرÙ
جÙات غÙر اÙØرة ØÙ
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شاÙ٠اÙعÙ
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ÙØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات
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Ø´ÙÙØ© اجتÙ
اعÙØ©Ø Ø§ÙØÙ Ù٠اÙتÙÙÙ
ع٠استخداÙ
Ùا ÙاÙاÙتÙا٠إÙÙ
+اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
+
+<p>”اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة“. ”اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“. إذا ÙاÙت ÙÙس
+اÙبرÙ
جÙات (أ٠تÙرÙبا٠ÙØ°ÙÙ)Ø Ø£ÙÙÙ
أ٠اسÙ
Ù
تستخدÙ
Ø ÙعÙ
Ø Ùأ٠اÙÙÙÙ
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Ù
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اÙØر Ø£Ùا Ùا٠اسÙ
٠سÙعطÙÙ ÙÙس
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Ø Ø¥Ùا أ٠ترسÙØ® اÙØرÙØ© عÙ٠أساس
ثابت ÙعتÙ
د ÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø´ÙØ¡ عÙ٠تعÙÙÙ
+اÙÙاس ÙÙÙ
Ø© اÙØرÙØ©. إذا أردت اÙÙ
ساعدة ÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ Ù
٠اÙضرÙر٠أ٠تتØدث عÙ
+”اÙبرÙ
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<p>ÙØÙ ÙÙ ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùا Ùعتبر ØÙ
ÙØ©
اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© عدÙØ§Ø Ø§Ùعد٠ÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
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٠اÙÙاس Ø£Ù ÙعرÙÙا Ø£ÙÙا ÙداÙع عÙ
اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ùذا ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا ÙÙب٠أ٠ÙÙص٠خطأÙ
بداعÙ
٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©.</p>
-<h3>إساءة ÙÙÙ
شائعة Ù&rdquo;اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة&ldquo;
-Ù&rdquo;اÙÙ
صادراÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo;</h3>
+<h3>اÙاختÙاÙات اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© بÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
ÙاÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© اÙÙ
صدر</h3>
-<p>Ù٠اÙÙغة اÙØ¥ÙجÙÙزÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ
صطÙØ &rdquo;free
software&ldquo; Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© إساءة
-تÙسÙر: اÙÙ
عÙ٠غÙر اÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙب -&rdquo;اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙت٠تستطÙع اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙÙا
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جاÙا&ldquo;- ÙÙائÙ
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صطÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙÙائÙ
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صطÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
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ستخدÙ
ØرÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©&ldquo;. ØÙÙÙا ÙØ°Ù
-اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© بÙشر تعرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
ÙبÙÙÙÙا -Ù٠اÙÙغة اÙØ¥ÙجÙÙزÙØ©-
-&rdquo;Think of free speech, not free beer&ldquo;. Ùذا ÙÙس ØÙا
-Ù
ثاÙÙØ§Ø Ùا ÙÙ
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Ø´ÙÙØ© تÙ
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استخداÙ
Ù
صطÙØ ÙØ§Ø¶Ø ØµØÙØ Ø³ÙÙÙ٠أÙضÙØ
-إذا ÙÙ
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شاÙ٠أخرÙ.</p>
+<p>عÙ
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Ø«Ù Ù
ÙتÙØØ© اÙÙ
صدر Ù
عاÙÙر أضع٠Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. عÙÙ Øد عÙÙ
ÙاØ
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جÙات اÙØرة Ù
ؤÙÙØ© Ùأ٠تعتبر Ù
ÙتÙØØ©
اÙÙ
صدر. تÙرÙبا٠Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
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ÙتÙØØ© اÙÙ
صدر Ù٠برÙ
جÙات ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ ÙÙجد
استثÙاءات. Ø£ÙÙاÙØ Ø¨Ø¹Ø¶ اÙرخص اÙÙ
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رخص Øرة. ÙØس٠اÙØØ¸Ø Ø¨Ø±Ù
جÙات ÙÙÙÙØ©
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تÙ٠اÙرخص.</p>
+
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تØÙÙ Øاسبات (بÙ
ا ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙعدÙد Ù
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ØÙ
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تÙÙÙØ°ÙØ© ÙبرÙ
جÙات Øرة اÙÙ
ØµØ¯Ø±Ø ÙÙÙ
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ستخدÙ
بتÙصÙب Ùسخ Ù
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ÙÙبرÙ
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جÙات. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙسÙ
٠تÙ٠اÙأجÙزة ”
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ÙÙا٠ÙسÙ
Ù ” tivoization
“ Ùسبة Ø¥ÙÙ
+اÙÙ
Ùتج اÙذ٠رأÙÙا٠أÙÙاÙ. Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
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اÙتÙÙÙØ°ÙØ© ÙÙست برÙ
جÙات Øرة Øت٠ÙÙ
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Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø Ø¥ÙÙÙ
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صدر.</p>
+
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شائعة ٔاÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة“
+”ÙاÙÙ
صادراÙÙ
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+
+<p>Ù٠اÙÙغة اÙØ¥ÙجÙÙزÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ
صطÙØ ”اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة“ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© إساءة
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عÙ٠غÙر اÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙب -”اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙت٠تستطÙع اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙÙا
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ا ÙÙائÙ
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ثاÙÙØ§Ø Ùا ÙÙ
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Ù
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ÙØÙÙ Ù
شاÙÙ
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<p>ÙÙأسÙØ Ø¬Ù
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ÙÙÙا Ù
شاÙÙ. بØØ«Ùا Ù٠اÙبدائ٠اÙتÙ
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ÙÙا Ù
صطÙØ
&rdquo;صØÙØ&ldquo; سÙÙÙ٠اÙتØÙÙÙ
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ثاÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
بعض اÙسÙاÙات استخداÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø©
-اÙÙرÙسÙØ©/اÙإسباÙÙØ© &ldquo;libre&rdquo; ÙÙÙ
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-
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ع تعرÙÙÙا ÙÙ Ù
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-
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باشر ÙتعبÙر &rdquo;اÙبرÙ
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اÙسÙاÙات استخداÙ
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+
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صدر.</p>
<p><!-- It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
that page is no longer available. -->
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ÙÙ ÙجربÙ٠إصدارÙا Ù
بÙرÙا ÙÙدÙÙا بÙ
ÙاØظات سرÙØ©&mdash; ÙÙ٠اÙØ£Ù
ر
-اÙØ°Ù Ù
ارس٠Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ©
ÙعÙÙد.</p>
+<p>ÙسÙعت<i>ÙÙÙÙÙر٠تاÙÙ
ز</i> <a
+href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>اÙÙ
صطÙØ</a>
+ÙÙص٠إÙ٠اÙإشارة Ø¥Ù٠اختبار اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙسخ اÙبÙتا—ÙÙ٠جع٠عدد Ù
Ù
+اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙجربÙ٠إصدارا٠Ù
بÙرا٠ÙÙدÙÙا بÙ
ÙاØظات سرÙØ©— ÙÙ٠اÙØ£Ù
ر اÙØ°Ù
+Ù
ارس٠Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ© ÙعÙÙد.</p>
<p>ÙØاÙ٠داعÙ
٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© Ù
عاÙجة Ùذا
ع٠طرÙ٠اÙإشارة Ø¥Ù٠تعرÙÙÙا اÙرسÙ
ÙØ
-ÙÙÙ ÙÙج اÙتصØÙØ Ùذا Ø£ÙÙ ÙجاØا Ù
عÙÙ
Ù
Ù ÙجاØÙ
Ù
عÙا. ÙÙ
صطÙØ &rdquo;Free
-Software&ldquo; Ù
عÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙÙØ Ø£ØدÙا Ù٠اÙÙ
عÙÙ
اÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙب. ÙÙذا اÙسبب اÙشخص
-اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙرة &rdquo;free speech, not free beer&ldquo;
ÙÙ Ùخطئ
-Ù
جددا. ÙÙÙ &rdquo;ÙÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo; Ù
عÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙÙا ÙاØدÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ
-ÙختÙ٠عÙ
ا ÙرÙد٠داعÙ
ÙÙا. Ùذا Ùا ÙÙجد طرÙÙØ© Ù
ختصرة ÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙتبرÙر اÙتعرÙÙ
-اÙرسÙ
ÙØ ÙÙذا ÙÙÙدÙا Ø¥Ù٠تضÙÙ٠أسÙØ£.</p>
-
-<p>إساءة ÙÙÙ
أخر٠Ù&rdquo;اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo; Ù٠اÙاعتÙاد Ø£ÙÙا تعÙÙ
-&rdquo;عدÙ
استخداÙ
غÙ٠ج٠ب٠إÙ&ldquo;. Ùذا
ÙÙتض٠إساءة ÙÙÙ
-&rdquo;ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة&ldquo;Ø Ø£Ù Ø£ÙÙا تÙاÙئ
&rdquo;اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙÙ
غطاة بجÙ٠ج٠ب٠إÙ&ldquo;. ÙÙاÙÙ
ا خطأ ÙØ£Ù
غÙ٠ج٠ب٠إ٠تعتبر رخصة
-Ù
صادر Ù
ÙتÙØØ©Ø ÙÙ
عظÙ
رخص اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©
تعتبر رخص برÙ
جÙات Øرة.</p>
-
-<p>تÙ
استخداÙ
Ù
صطÙØ &rdquo;Ù
صدر Ù
ÙتÙØ&ldquo;
ÙÙشاطات أخر٠Ù
ث٠اÙØÙÙÙ
ات
-ÙاÙÙ
ÙاÙج اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ© ÙاÙعÙÙÙ
Ø ÙتÙ٠اÙأشÙاء
ÙÙس ÙÙا ÙÙد Ù
صدر ÙترخÙص اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙس
-Ø°Ù Ù
تعÙÙا بÙا. اÙØ´ÙØ¡ اÙÙØÙد اÙÙ
شتر٠بÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙشاطات Ù٠أÙÙا تدع٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع
-ÙÙÙ
ساÙÙ
Ø©. ÙÙد ÙسعÙا اÙÙ
صطÙØ ÙÙعÙÙ Ù
جرد
&rdquo;اÙاÙضÙ
اÙ
&ldquo;.</p>
+ÙÙÙ ÙÙج اÙتصØÙØ Ùذا Ø£ÙÙ ÙجاØا Ù
عÙÙ
Ù
Ù ÙجاØÙ
Ù
عÙا. ÙÙ
صطÙØ ” اÙبرÙ
جÙات
+اÙØرة “ Ù
عÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙÙØ Ø£ØدÙا Ù٠اÙÙ
عÙÙ
اÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙب. ÙÙذا اÙسبب اÙشخص اÙØ°Ù
+ÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙرة ”ØرÙØ© اÙØ®Ø·Ø§Ø¨Ø ÙÙÙس Ù
شرÙب Ù
جاÙÙ “ ÙÙ Ùخطئ Ù
جددا. ÙÙÙ
+”ÙÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“ Ù
عÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙÙا
ÙاØدÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ ÙختÙ٠عÙ
ا ÙرÙدÙ
+داعÙ
ÙÙا. Ùذا Ùا ÙÙجد طرÙÙØ© Ù
ختصرة ÙشرØ
ÙتبرÙر اÙتعرÙ٠اÙرسÙ
ÙØ ÙÙذا ÙÙÙدÙا
+Ø¥Ù٠تضÙÙ٠أسÙØ£.</p>
+
+<p>إساءة ÙÙÙ
أخر٠ٔاÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“
Ù٠اÙاعتÙاد Ø£ÙÙا تعÙÙ
+”عدÙ
استخداÙ
غÙ٠ج٠ب٠إٓ. Ùذا ÙÙتضÙ
إساءة ÙÙÙ
”ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات
+اÙØرة“Ø Ø£Ù Ø£ÙÙا تÙاÙئ ”اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
غطاة بجÙ٠ج٠ب٠إÙ
+“. ÙÙاÙÙ
ا خطأ Ùأ٠غÙ٠ج٠ب٠إ٠تعتبر رخصة
Ù
صادر Ù
ÙتÙØØ©Ø ÙÙ
عظÙ
رخص
+اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© تعتبر رخص برÙ
جÙات Øرة.
ÙÙا٠<a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html"> اÙعدÙد Ù
٠رخص اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة </a>بجاÙب
+رخصة جÙÙ GPL.</p>
+
+<p>تÙ
استخداÙ
Ù
صطÙØ ”Ù
صدر Ù
ÙتÙØ“
ÙÙشاطات أخر٠Ù
ث٠اÙØÙÙÙ
ات ÙتعÙÙÙ
+ÙاÙعÙÙÙ
Ø ÙتÙ٠اÙأشÙاء ÙÙس ÙÙا ÙÙد Ù
صدر
ÙترخÙص اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙس Ø°Ù Ù
تعÙÙا
+بÙا. اÙØ´ÙØ¡ اÙÙØÙد اÙÙ
شتر٠بÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙشاطات
Ù٠أÙÙا تدع٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع
+ÙÙÙ
ساÙÙ
Ø©. ÙÙد ÙسعÙا اÙÙ
صطÙØ ÙÙعÙÙ Ù
جرد
”اÙاÙضÙ
اÙ
“
+”ÙاÙØ´ÙاÙÙØ© “, ÙØ£ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ø°ÙÙ. Ù٠أسÙاء
اÙØ£ØÙاÙØ Ø£ØµØ¨Ø <a
+href="http:/ /
+www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html">
+ÙÙÙ
Ø© رÙاÙØ© Ùارغة</a>.</p>
-<h3>اÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© Ùد تÙÙد Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙاÙات Ù
تشابÙØ©&hellip;ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙس دائÙ
ا</h3>
+<h3>اÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© Ùد تÙÙد Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙاÙات Ù
تشابÙØ©…ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙس دائÙ
ا</h3>
-<p>أشتÙرت اÙØرÙات اÙرادÙÙاÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙستÙÙÙات
باÙØ®ÙاÙ: بعض اÙÙ
ÙظÙ
ات اÙØ´Ùت بسبب
+<p>اشتÙرت اÙØرÙات اÙرادÙÙاÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙستÙÙÙات
باÙØ®ÙاÙ: بعض اÙÙ
ÙظÙ
ات اÙØ´Ùت بسبب
اختÙاÙات ØÙ٠تÙاصÙ٠اÙاستراتÙجÙØ©Ø ÙاÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعتا٠اÙÙاشئتا٠اعتبرت ÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙ
ا
اÙأخر٠عدÙا عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠أ٠ÙدÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙس
اÙØ£Ùدا٠اÙأساسÙØ© ÙاÙÙÙÙ
. استÙاد
اÙتÙار اÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙØ«Ùرا Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ø§Ø Ùأخذ ÙÙتÙد
اÙتÙار اÙÙسار٠ÙاÙ
Ùا.</p>
@@ -163,12 +175,12 @@
<p>ÙØاÙ٠اÙبعض اÙاستخÙا٠بØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة بÙ
ÙارÙØ© Ø®ÙاÙÙا Ù
ع اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© بخÙاÙات Ùذ٠اÙØرÙات اÙرادÙÙاÙÙØ©.
استغÙÙÙا بشÙÙ Ù
عاÙس. ÙØÙ ÙختÙÙ Ù
ع
ØÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© Ù٠اÙØ£Ùدا٠اÙأساسÙØ©
ÙاÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ٠آراءÙÙ
ÙآراءÙا تÙÙدÙا
-ÙÙ ØاÙات ÙØ«Ùرة Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙخطÙات اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ©&mdash;Ù
ث٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
+ÙÙ ØاÙات ÙØ«Ùرة Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙخطÙات اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ©—Ù
ث٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
<p>ÙÙتÙجة ÙØ°ÙÙØ ÙعÙ
٠اÙأشخاص Ù
Ù ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
Ù ØÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©
Ù
عا ÙÙ Ù
شارÙع عÙ
ÙÙØ© Ù
ث٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات. Ù
Ù
اÙجدÙر Ø°Ùر٠أ٠Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙآراء
اÙÙÙسÙÙØ© اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© تدÙع عادة Ø£ÙاسÙا Ù
ختÙÙÙÙ ÙÙاÙضÙ
اÙ
Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙ
شارÙع. ÙÙ
ع
-Ø°ÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù ÙØ°Ù٠اÙرأÙب٠Ù
ختÙÙØ§Ù Ø¬Ø¯Ø§Ø ÙØ«Ù
Ùت
ØاÙات Ùادا Ø¥Ù٠تصرÙات Ù
ختÙÙØ© جدا.</p>
+Ø°ÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù ÙØ°Ù٠اÙرأÙÙÙ Ù
ختÙÙØ§Ù Ø¬Ø¯Ø§Ø ÙØ«Ù
Ùت
ØاÙات Ùادا Ø¥Ù٠تصرÙات Ù
ختÙÙØ© جدا.</p>
<p>ÙÙرة اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© Ù٠أ٠اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠بتغÙÙر Ùإعادة تÙزÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات
سÙÙ ÙجعÙÙا Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙØ£Ùثر اعتÙ
ادÙØ©. ÙÙÙ Ùذا ÙÙس
Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙا. ÙÙ
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
@@ -177,13 +189,13 @@
اÙØرة ÙÙ
تØÙ
س٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© Ù
ع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سأÙØ© عÙÙ ÙØÙ Ù
ختÙ٠جدÙا.</p>
<p>Ù
تØÙ
س اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©Ø Ø§ÙØ°Ù Ùا ÙؤÙ
٠بÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة سÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ:
-&rdquo;Ø£Ùا Ù
تÙاجئ Ù
٠أÙ٠استطعت Ø¥Ùشاء
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بطرÙÙØ© Ù
Ù
تازة بدÙÙ
-استخداÙ
طرÙÙتÙا Ù٠اÙتطÙÙØ±Ø ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ ÙسخةØ&ldquo; Ùذا
-اÙÙ
ÙÙ٠سÙÙ ÙدعÙ
اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة اÙت٠تسÙب ØرÙتÙاØ
ÙسÙÙدÙÙا Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙداÙÙا.</p>
+”Ø£Ùا Ù
Ùاجئ Ù
٠أÙ٠استطعت Ø¥Ùشاء اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
بطرÙÙØ© Ù
Ù
تازة بدÙ٠استخداÙ
+طرÙÙتÙا Ù٠اÙتطÙÙØ±Ø ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ
Ùسخةؓ Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙÙ٠سÙÙ ÙدعÙ
+اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة اÙت٠تسÙب ØرÙتÙØ§Ø ÙسÙÙدÙÙا Ø¥ÙÙ
ÙÙداÙÙا.</p>
-<p>Ùاشط اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة سÙÙÙÙ: &rdquo;برÙاÙ
ج٠Ù
Ø°ÙÙ Ø¬Ø¯Ø§Ø ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙس بثÙ
Ù
+<p>Ùاشط اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة سÙÙÙÙ: ”برÙاÙ
ج٠Ù
Ø°ÙÙ Ø¬Ø¯Ø§Ø ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙس بثÙ
Ù
ØرÙتÙ. Ùذا Ùجب عÙÙ٠اÙعÙ
٠بدÙÙÙ. ÙبدÙا Ù
Ù
Ø°ÙÙØ Ø³Ù٠أدعÙ
Ù
شرÙعا ÙتطÙÙر بدÙÙ
-Øر&ldquo;. إذا ÙدÙرÙا ØرÙتÙØ§Ø ÙستطÙع صÙÙÙا
ÙاÙدÙاع عÙÙا.</p>
+Øر“. إذا ÙدÙرÙا ØرÙتÙØ§Ø ÙستطÙع صÙÙÙا
ÙاÙدÙاع عÙÙا.</p>
<h3>اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙÙÙØ© اÙت٠ÙÙ
Ù٠اÙاعتÙ
اد
عÙÙÙا Ùد تÙÙ٠سÙئة</h3>
@@ -199,19 +211,18 @@
تطبÙ٠اÙأسÙÙب ذات٠Ù٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
ÙتÙØØ© اÙÙ
صدر.</p>
<p>تØت ضغط Ù
٠شرÙات اÙØ£ÙÙاÙ
ÙاÙتسجÙÙØ Ø£ØµØ¨Øت
برÙ
جÙات اÙØ£Ùراد تÙصÙ
ÙÙ
خصÙصا
-ÙتÙÙÙدÙÙ
.Ùذ٠اÙÙ
زاÙا اÙخبÙثة تÙعر٠باسÙ
DRM
Ø£Ù &rdquo;إدارة اÙÙÙÙد
-اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ©&ldquo; (راجع<a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)Ø
-ÙÙ٠تÙاÙض ÙÙ Ù
بدئÙا اÙØرÙØ© اÙت٠تÙد٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø¥Ù٠تÙدÙÙ
Ùا. اÙÙ
ÙضÙع
-ÙÙس Ù٠اÙÙ
بدأ ÙØسب: بÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ùد٠DRM اÙÙزÙÙ
بØرÙت٠إÙ٠اÙØضÙØ¶Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ù
Ø·Ùر٠DRM
-ÙسعÙ٠إÙ٠جع٠تغÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠تطبÙÙ DRM
صعبا Ø£Ù Ù
ستØÙÙا ب٠ÙØت٠غÙر
-ÙاÙÙÙÙ.</p>
-
-<p>ÙعÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù Ø°ÙÙ Ùإ٠بعض داعÙ
٠اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© اÙترØÙا برÙ
جÙات
-&rdquo;DRM Ù
ÙتÙØØ© اÙÙ
صدر&ldquo;. ÙدÙÙÙ
ÙÙ Ùشر
اÙÙÙد اÙÙ
صدر٠ÙÙبراÙ
ج
-اÙÙ
صÙ
Ù
Ø© ÙتÙÙÙد ÙصÙÙ٠إÙ٠اÙÙسائط اÙÙ
عÙ
اةØ
ÙاÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙآخرÙ٠بتغÙÙرÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
-سÙÙ ÙÙتشرÙ٠برÙ
جÙات Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙØ£Ùثر اعتÙ
ادÙØ©
ÙتÙÙÙد اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠أÙ
ثاÙÙ. ÙبعدÙا سÙÙ
-تÙرس٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙÙ Ù٠أجÙزة Ùا ÙÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙ
بتغÙÙرÙا.</p>
+ÙتÙÙÙدÙÙ
.Ùذ٠اÙÙ
زاÙا اÙخبÙثة تÙعر٠باسÙ
DRM
Ø£Ù ”إدارة اÙÙÙÙد
+اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ©“ (راجع<a
+href="http://defectivebydesign.org/";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)Ø ÙÙÙ
تÙاÙض
+ÙÙ Ù
بدئÙا اÙØرÙØ© اÙت٠تÙد٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
Ø¥Ù٠تÙدÙÙ
Ùا. اÙÙ
ÙضÙع ÙÙس ÙÙ
+اÙÙ
بدأ ÙØسب: بÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ùد٠DRM اÙÙزÙ٠بØرÙت٠إÙÙ
اÙØضÙØ¶Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ù
Ø·Ùر٠DRM ÙسعÙÙ
+Ø¥Ù٠جع٠تغÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠تطبÙÙ DRM صعبا
Ø£Ù Ù
ستØÙÙا ب٠ÙØت٠غÙر ÙاÙÙÙÙ.</p>
+
+<p>ÙعÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù Ø°ÙÙ Ùإ٠بعض داعÙ
٠اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© اÙترØÙا برÙ
جÙات ”DRM
+Ù
ÙتÙØØ© اÙÙ
صدر“. ÙدÙÙÙ
ÙÙ Ùشر اÙÙÙد اÙÙ
صدر٠ÙÙبراÙ
ج اÙÙ
صÙ
Ù
Ø© ÙتÙÙÙد
+ÙصÙÙ٠إÙ٠اÙÙسائط اÙÙ
عÙ
Ø§Ø©Ø ÙاÙسÙ
اØ
ÙÙآخرÙ٠بتغÙÙرÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
سÙÙ ÙÙتشرÙÙ
+برÙ
جÙات Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙØ£Ùثر اعتÙ
ادÙØ© ÙتÙÙÙد اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠أÙ
ثاÙÙ. ÙبعدÙا سÙ٠تÙرسÙ
+اÙبراÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙÙ Ù٠أجÙزة Ùا ÙÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙ
بتغÙÙرÙا.</p>
<p>Ùد ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù
ÙتÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
ØµØ¯Ø±Ø ÙÙد
ÙÙÙ٠اتبع أسÙÙب تطÙÙر اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙ٠برÙاÙ
جا ØØ±Ø§Ø ÙØ£ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙØترÙ
ØرÙØ© Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
@@ -220,21 +231,21 @@
<h3>اÙØ®ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙØرÙØ©</h3>
-<p>إ٠اÙداÙع اÙرئÙس٠ÙØÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©
Ù٠أ٠اÙÙ
بادئ اÙأخÙاÙÙØ© ÙØرÙØ©
-ÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تجع٠اÙبعض Ù
ÙزعجÙÙ. Ùذا
صØÙØØ Ùأ٠اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙضاÙا
-اÙأخÙاÙÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
سؤÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
صاÙØ Ø§ÙشخصÙØ©
Ùعد Ø·ÙبÙا ÙÙÙاس Ø£Ù ÙÙÙرÙا Ù٠أÙ
Ùر Ùد
-Ùا تعجبÙÙ
Ø ØªÙ
اÙ
Ùا ÙاÙØدÙØ« أخÙاÙÙØ© تصر٠Ù
عÙÙ. Ùذا Ùد Ùسبب اÙØ¥Ø²Ø¹Ø§Ø¬Ø ÙÙد ÙغÙÙ
-اÙبعض آذاÙÙÙ
ع٠اÙاستÙ
اع Ø¥ÙÙÙ. ÙÙÙ Ùذا Ùا
ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتÙÙ٠ع٠اÙØدÙØ«
-ع٠Ùذ٠اÙØ£Ù
Ùر.</p>
+<p>إ٠اÙداÙع اÙØ£ÙÙÙ ÙØÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©
ÙتÙÙص٠ع٠ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© ÙÙ
+أ٠اÙÙ
بادئ اÙأخÙاÙÙØ© ”ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة“ تجع٠اÙبعض Ù
ÙزعجÙÙ. Ùذا
+صØÙØØ Ùأ٠اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙضاÙا
اÙأخÙاÙÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
سؤÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
صاÙØ Ø§ÙشخصÙØ©
+Ùعد Ø·ÙبÙا ÙÙÙاس Ø£Ù ÙÙÙرÙا Ù٠أÙ
Ùر Ùد Ùا
تعجبÙÙ
Ø ØªÙ
اÙ
Ùا ÙاÙØدÙØ« أخÙاÙÙØ© تصرÙ
+Ù
عÙÙ. Ùذا Ùد Ùسبب اÙØ¥Ø²Ø¹Ø§Ø¬Ø ÙÙد ÙغÙ٠اÙبعض
آذاÙÙÙ
ع٠اÙاستÙ
اع Ø¥ÙÙÙ. ÙÙÙ Ùذا
+Ùا ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتÙÙ٠ع٠اÙØدÙØ« ع٠ÙØ°Ù
اÙØ£Ù
Ùر.</p>
<p>ÙÙÙ Ùذا Ù
ا ÙرÙر٠Ùادة ;اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©.
اÙتشÙÙا Ø£ÙÙÙ
إذا ابتعدÙا ÙÙÙا عÙ
اÙأخÙاÙÙات ÙاÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙتØدثÙا ÙÙØ· ع٠اÙÙ
زاÙا اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ© ÙÙبراÙ
ج اÙØرةØ
-ÙØ¥ÙÙÙ
Ùد ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙÙ Ù
Ù &rdquo;بÙع&ldquo; اÙبرÙ
جÙات بطرÙÙØ© Ø£Ùثر ÙعاÙÙØ©
-Ùبعض اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ÙخصÙصا رجا٠اÙأعÙ
اÙ.</p>
+ÙØ¥ÙÙÙ
Ùد ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙÙ Ù
Ù ”بÙع“ اÙبرÙ
جÙات
بطرÙÙØ© Ø£Ùثر ÙعاÙÙØ© Ùبعض
+اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ÙخصÙصا رجا٠اÙأعÙ
اÙ.</p>
<p>Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© أثبتت ÙعاÙÙتÙا Ù٠تØÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙداÙÙا. Ø£ÙÙعت اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù
رجا٠اÙأعÙ
ا٠ÙاÙØ£Ùراد عÙ٠استخداÙ
بÙ
ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙØ£Ù
ر اÙØ°Ù ÙسÙع
-Ù
جتÙ
عÙا&mdash;ÙÙÙ ÙÙØ· عÙ٠اÙÙ
ستÙ٠اÙسطØÙ
اÙعÙ
ÙÙ. ÙÙسÙÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©
+Ù
جتÙ
عÙا—ÙÙÙ ÙÙØ· عÙ٠اÙÙ
ستÙ٠اÙسطØ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙ. ÙÙسÙÙØ© اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©
بترÙÙزÙا اÙخاÙص عÙ٠اÙÙ
زاÙا اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© تعرÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
بادئ اÙأعÙ
Ù ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙد Ùادت اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙاس Ø¥ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ
تعÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙدÙاع عÙ
اÙØرÙØ©. Ùذا Ø£Ù
ر جÙد Ø¥ÙÙ Øد Ù
عÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙس
ÙاÙÙا Ùجع٠اÙØرÙØ© Ø¢Ù
ÙØ©. جذب
@@ -246,19 +257,19 @@
إذا تعÙÙ
Ùا ÙÙÙ
Ø© اÙØرÙØ© اÙت٠تÙ
ÙØÙا Ø¥ÙÙاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§ تعÙÙ
Ùا ÙÙÙ
Ø©
اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ا Ù٠بدÙا Ù
٠اÙÙ
زاÙا اÙتÙÙÙØ© ÙاÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙØÙا اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
اÙØر. ÙÙشر Ùذا اÙÙ
Ø¨Ø¯Ø£Ø Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتØدث عÙ
اÙØرÙØ©. خطÙات٠Ù
عدÙدةÙ
-&rdquo;ÙÙتÙرب&ldquo; Ù
٠رجا٠اÙأعÙ
ا٠Ùد تÙÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙÙا
-خطرة إذا أصبØت شائعة بØÙØ« ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø§Ùسع٠Ùراء
اÙØرÙØ© Ø£Ù
رÙا شاذÙÙا.</p>
+”ÙÙتÙرب“ Ù
٠رجا٠اÙأعÙ
ا٠Ùد تÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙÙا خطرة إذا
+أصبØت شائعة بØÙØ« ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø§Ùسع٠Ùراء اÙØرÙØ© Ø£Ù
رÙا شاذÙÙا.</p>
<p>Ùذا اÙÙضع اÙخطر Ù٠تÙ
اÙ
Ùا Ù
ا ÙØ٠عÙÙÙ
اÙØ¢Ù. Ù
عظÙ
اÙÙاس اÙÙ
ÙخرطÙÙ ÙÙ
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙتØدثÙÙ ÙÙÙÙا عÙ
اÙØرÙØ©&mdash;عادة ÙØ£ÙÙÙ
ÙرÙدÙ٠أÙ
-ÙÙÙÙÙا &rdquo;Ø£Ùثر ÙبÙÙا Ùد٠رجا٠اÙأعÙ
اÙ&ldquo;. تÙرÙبا Ù٠تÙزÙعات
-غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس تضÙÙ ØزÙ
Ùا اØتÙارÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
Ùا
اÙØر أساسÙØ§Ø ÙÙØ·ÙبÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
-اعتبارÙا Ù
Ùزة٠تÙÙÙØ©ÙØ Ø¨Ø¯Ùا Ù
٠تÙاز٠عÙ
اÙØرÙØ©.</p>
+اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙتØدثÙÙ ÙÙÙÙا عÙ
اÙØرÙØ©—عادة ÙØ£ÙÙÙ
ÙرÙدÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙÙا
+”Ø£Ùثر ÙبÙÙا Ùد٠رجا٠اÙأعÙ
آ. تÙرÙبا
Ù٠تÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس تضÙÙ
+ØزÙ
Ùا اØتÙارÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
Ùا اÙØر أساسÙاØ
ÙÙØ·ÙبÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اعتبارÙا Ù
ÙزةÙ
+تÙÙÙØ©ÙØ Ø¨Ø¯Ùا Ù
٠تÙاز٠ع٠اÙØرÙØ©.</p>
<p>اÙإضاÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙتÙزÙعات
غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس غÙر اÙØرة جزئÙا تجد بÙئة
خصبة ÙØ£Ù Ù
عظÙ
Ø£Ùراد Ù
جتÙ
عÙا Ùا ÙصرÙÙ٠عÙÙ
ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات. Ùذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
-Ù
صادÙØ©. Ù
عظÙ
Ù
ستخدÙ
٠غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙدÙÙ
Ùا Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙÙظاÙ
عبر ØÙار &rdquo;Ù
ÙتÙØ
-اÙÙ
صدر&ldquo; ÙÙ
ÙتØدث ÙØ· ع٠أ٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙدÙ.
تÙتشر اÙÙ
Ù
ارسات اÙت٠Ùا تدعÙ
+Ù
صادÙØ©. Ù
عظÙ
Ù
ستخدÙ
٠غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙدÙÙ
Ùا Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙÙظاÙ
عبر ØÙار ”Ù
ÙتÙØ
+اÙÙ
صدر“ ÙÙ
ÙتØدث ÙØ· ع٠أ٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙدÙ.
تÙتشر اÙÙ
Ù
ارسات اÙت٠Ùا تدعÙ
اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙÙÙ
ات اÙت٠ÙاتشÙر Ø¥Ù٠اÙØرÙØ© Ù
Ù
شخص Ø¥ÙÙ Ø´Ø®ØµØ ÙÙÙ Ùشجع
اÙآخر. ÙÙÙتصر ÙØ٠بØاجة Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
زÙد -ÙÙÙس
اÙØ£ÙÙ- Ù
٠اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙØرÙØ©.</p>
@@ -266,24 +277,26 @@
<p>بÙÙÙ
ا ÙعÙ
Ù Ù
Ùاصر٠اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© عÙÙ
جذب Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù٠جدد Ø¥ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
عÙØ§Ø ÙتعÙÙ
عÙÙÙا ÙØÙ Ùاشط٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙعÙ
٠بشÙÙ
Ø£Ùبر Ùجذب اÙتÙ
اÙ
ÙؤÙاء اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
-Ø¥ÙÙ ÙضاÙا اÙØرÙØ©. Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ: &rdquo;Ø¥ÙÙ
برÙاÙ
ج Øر ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙØÙ
-اÙØرÙØ©!&ldquo;&mdash;عÙÙ ÙØ٠أÙثر ÙأعÙ٠صÙتا
Ù
Ù Ø°Ù ÙبÙ. ÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
رة
-تÙÙÙ &rdquo;اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة&ldquo; بدÙا Ù
Ù
&rdquo;اÙÙ
صادر
-اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©&ldquo; Ø£Ùت تساعدÙا ÙÙ ØÙ
ÙتÙا.</p>
+Ø¥ÙÙ ÙضاÙا اÙØرÙØ©. Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ: ”Ø¥Ù٠برÙاÙ
ج Øر ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙØÙ
+اÙØرÙØ©!“—عÙÙ ÙØ٠أÙثر ÙأعÙ٠صÙتا Ù
Ù
Ø°Ù ÙبÙ. ÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
رة تÙÙÙ
+”اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة“ بدÙا Ù
Ù ”اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“ Ø£Ùت
+تساعدÙا ÙÙ ØÙ
ÙتÙا.</p>
<h4>Ù
ÙاØظات</h4>
+<!-- The article is incomplete (#793776) as of 21st January 2013.
<p>
-Ùتب Joe Barr Ù
ÙاÙا باسÙ
<a
-href="http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4">&rdquo;عÙØ´
ÙاترÙ
-اÙرخصة&ldquo;</a> Ù
ÙعطÙا ÙجÙØ© Ùظر٠عÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
+Joe Barr's article,
+<a href="http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4";>“Live and
+let license,”</a> gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
+-->
<p>
-أظÙرت ÙرÙØ© Lakhani Ù Wolf ع٠<a
-href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf">ØاÙز
-Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a> أ٠عددا Ùا بأس
ب٠ÙدÙعÙÙ
اÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا٠بأÙ
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ùجب أ٠تÙÙÙ ØØ±Ø©Ø Ùذا باÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù
Ø£ÙÙÙ
ا Ø£ØصÙا Ù
Ø·Ùر٠SourceForgeØ
-اÙÙ
ÙÙع اÙØ°Ù Ùا ÙدعÙ
ÙجÙØ© اÙÙظر أ٠اÙÙضÙØ©
أخÙاÙÙØ©.</p>
+أظÙرت ÙرÙØ© Lakhani Ù Wolf ع٠<a
+href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>ØاÙز
+Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a> أ٠عددا Ùا بأس بÙ
ÙدÙعÙÙ
اÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا٠بأ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ùجب
+أ٠تÙÙÙ ØØ±Ø©Ø Ùذا باÙرغÙ
Ù
٠أÙÙÙ
ا Ø£ØصÙا Ù
Ø·Ùر٠SourceForgeØ Ø§ÙÙ
ÙÙع اÙØ°Ù Ùا
+ÙدعÙ
ÙجÙØ© اÙÙظر أ٠اÙÙضÙØ© أخÙاÙÙØ©.</p>
<div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -292,89 +305,57 @@
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ar.html" -->
<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات غÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ù<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
+href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙإ٠إس Ø¥Ù. <br
/> Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرسÙ
+اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات
Ø¥ÙÙ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
<p>
-!Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠ÙØ¥Ù&#8204;إس&#8204;Ø¥Ù
ÙÙاستÙسارات جÙÙ Ù<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a href="/contact/">طر٠أخرÙ
ÙÙاتصاÙ</a>
-باÙØ¥Ù&#8204;إس&#8204;Ø¥Ù. <br /> Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرسÙ
اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة
-Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-<br />
-!Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠ÙØ¥Ù&#8204;إس&#8204;Ø¥Ù
ÙÙاستÙسارات جÙÙ Ù<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a href="/contact/">طر٠أخرÙ
ÙÙاتصاÙ</a>
-باÙØ¥Ù&#8204;إس&#8204;Ø¥Ù. <br /> Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرسÙ
اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة
-Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-</p>
-<p>جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙÙÙ Ù
ØÙÙظة &copy; 2007, 2010 رÙتشارد
ستÙÙÙ
Ù
-<br />
-ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر &copy; 2007 رÙتشارد ستÙÙÙ
ا٠<br />
اÙÙسخ ÙاÙتÙزÙع
-اÙØرÙÙ ÙÙ
دخÙØ© اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù
Ùجاز Ù٠أ٠ÙØ³Ø·Ø Ù
ع
Ùضع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاØظة Ù٠عÙ٠اÙاعتبار.
-</p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠راجع <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">تعÙÙÙ
اتاÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>
+ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ØÙ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتسÙÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©.</p>
+
+<p>جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙÙÙ Ù
ØÙÙظة © 2007, 2010, 2012 رÙتشارد
ستÙÙÙ
Ù</p>
+
+<p>Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ© Ù
رخصة ÙÙÙ <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>رخصة Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States</a>.</p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-ترجÙ
Ùا <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>أساÙ
Ø©
-خاÙد</em></a><br />.ÙرÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ© بإشراÙ
ØساÙ
ØسÙÙ.</div>
- <p>
-<!-- timestamp start -->
+تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© بÙاسطة: رÙÙ٠إ. جرجس</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2012/09/16 05:28:23 $
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ©</h4>
-
-<ul class="translations-list">
-<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-<!-- German -->
-<li><a hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a hreflang="el"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-<!-- English -->
-<li><a hreflang="en-US"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a hreflang="es"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a hreflang="fa"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
-<!-- French -->
-<li><a hreflang="fr-FR"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-<!-- Italian -->
-<li><a hreflang="it"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
-<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a hreflang="ml"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-<!-- Dutch -->
-<li><a hreflang="nl"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-<!-- Polish -->
-<li><a hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
-<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a hreflang="ta"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a hreflang="tr"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/why-free.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-free.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/why-free.ar.html 16 Sep 2012 05:28:38 -0000 1.18
+++ philosophy/why-free.ar.html 12 May 2013 04:58:31 -0000 1.19
@@ -3,34 +3,30 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>(ÙÙ
ذا ÙÙس عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
اÙÙ - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
-(أ٠أس Ø£Ù</title>
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-free.en.html" -->
-<meta name="Keywords" content="غÙÙØ Ù
شرÙع غÙÙØ Ø£Ù Ø£Ø³ Ø£ÙØ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ذا ÙÙس عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج
Ø£Ù
+<title>ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙس عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
اÙÙ - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
+(أ٠أس Ø£Ù)</title>
+
+<meta name="Keywords" content="غÙÙØ Ù
شرÙع غÙÙØ Ø£Ù Ø£Ø³ Ø£ÙØ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙس عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£Ù
ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
اÙÙ" />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-free.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-free.ar.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-free.ar.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/why-free.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2011-07-14" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
-<h2>ÙÙ
ذا ÙÙس عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
اÙÙ</h2>
+<h2>ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙس عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
اÙÙ</h2>
-<p>Ù
Ù Ùب٠<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>رÙشارد
-ستاÙÙ
اÙ</strong></a></p>
+<p>Ù
Ù Ùب٠<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong> رÙشارد
ستاÙÙ
اÙ
+</strong></a></p>
<p>
.تساÙÙ
تÙÙÙÙÙجÙا اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙ
اÙعاÙÙ
عبر جع٠Ùسخ ÙتعدÙ٠اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات
-اسÙÙ. تعد أجÙزة اÙÙÙ
بÙÙتر جع٠Ùذا اÙØ£Ù
ر
سÙÙا باÙÙسبة ÙÙا جÙ
Ùعا</p>
+أسÙÙ. تتعÙد أجÙزة اÙÙÙ
بÙÙتر بجع٠Ùذا اÙØ£Ù
ر
سÙÙا باÙÙسبة ÙÙا جÙ
Ùعا</p>
<p>
-.ÙÙس اÙÙÙ ÙرÙد٠ا٠ÙÙÙ٠أسÙÙ. ÙظاÙ
Ø٠اÙÙ
ؤÙÙ
Ùعط٠“Ù
Ùأ Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø©
+.ÙÙس اÙÙÙ ÙرÙد٠أ٠ÙÙÙ٠أسÙÙ. ÙظاÙ
Ø٠اÙÙ
ؤÙÙ
Ùعط٠”Ù
اÙÙ“ Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø©
اÙبراÙ
ج Ø Ø§ÙØ°ÙÙ Ù
عظÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙدÙÙ٠إÙÙ Øجب Ø¥Ù
ÙاÙÙØ© اÙاستÙادة Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات ع٠بÙÙØ©
اÙعاÙ
. ÙرÙدÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙÙا اÙÙØÙدÙ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
Ùسخ ÙتعدÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙتÙ
-ÙستخدÙ
Ùا</p>
+ÙستخدÙ
Ùا.</p>
<p>
Ùشأ ÙظاÙ
Ø٠اÙÙ
ؤÙÙ Ù
ع اÙطباعة— Ù ÙÙ
تÙÙÙÙÙجÙا اÙÙازÙ
Ø© ÙØ¥Ùتاج اÙÙØ«Ùر
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اÙأربعة ÙجÙ
عÙØ© ÙاشرÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج (أس ب٠أÙ) :</p>
<ul>
- <li>دعاÙØ© Ùاسعة اÙÙطا٠باÙÙÙ٠إÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙخطأ أ٠عصÙا٠Ù
اÙÙ٠اÙØÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ساعدة
صدÙÙÙ.</li>
+<li>دعاÙØ© Ùاسعة اÙÙطا٠باÙÙÙ٠إÙÙ Ù
٠اÙخطأ
أ٠عصÙا٠Ù
اÙÙ٠اÙØÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ساعدة صدÙÙÙ.</li>
- <li>إستخدÙ
Ø·ÙÙر اÙØ¥ÙÙاع Ù٠شر٠ÙÙإبÙاغ
ع٠زÙ
Ùاء اÙعÙ
Ù ÙاÙشرÙاء.</li>
+<li>استخداÙ
Ø·ÙÙر اÙØ¥ÙÙاع Ù٠شر٠ÙÙإبÙاغ ع٠زÙ
Ùاء اÙعÙ
Ù ÙاÙشرÙاء.</li>
- <li>اÙÙ
داÙÙ
ات (Ù
ع Ù
ساعدة اÙشرطة) عÙ٠اÙÙ
Ùاتب ÙاÙÙ
دارس Ø ØÙØ« عÙ٠اÙÙاس ÙÙÙا
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اÙأثبات Ø£ÙÙÙ
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- <li>اÙÙÙابة اÙعاÙ
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Ø© اÙاÙ
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-
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رÙÙÙØ© Ø ÙبÙاء عÙÙ Ø·Ùب تØاÙ٠اÙاØزاب
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ÙعدÙ
Ùرض رÙابة عÙ٠اÙاستخداÙ
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+href="#footnote1">[1]</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
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اÙسÙÙÙات٠Ùا٠سÙاسÙا Ø Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙات
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تØدة Ùا٠اÙداÙع Ù٠تØÙÙ٠اÙربØ. ÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
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باÙطبع Ùر٠: اÙداÙع Ùراء اÙتØÙÙ
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ات Ù٠اÙاتØاد اÙسÙÙÙات٠Ùا٠سÙاسÙا
Ø Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة Ùا٠اÙداÙع
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<p>
-ÙÙÙÙ
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@@ -79,27 +75,27 @@
<li id="name-calling">.اÙتسÙ
Ùات
<p>
-ÙستخدÙ
اÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
ات Ù
ث٠تشÙÙÙ
“اÙÙرصÙØ©” Ù “سرÙØ©” Ø
-ÙضÙا ع٠Ù
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ات Ù
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تبسÙØ· ÙÙاس٠بÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج ÙاÙأشÙاء اÙÙ
ادÙØ©.</p>
<p>
-Ø£ÙÙارÙا ÙØدسÙا ع٠اÙÙ
Ù
تÙÙات ÙÙأشÙاء اÙÙ
ادÙØ© ÙÙ ØÙÙ Ù
ا اذا Ùا٠Ù
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تÙÙات ÙÙأشÙاء اÙÙ
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ا إذا Ùا٠Ù
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باشرة عÙÙ <em>صÙع
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Ù Ø´ÙØ¡. ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
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<li id="exaggeration">.اÙÙ
باÙغة
<p>
-اÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙ
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٠اÙضرر Ø£Ù
اÙخسارة اÙاÙتصادÙØ© Ø Ø¹Ùد ÙÙاÙ
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ج. Ø¥Ùا أ٠اÙÙسخ ÙÙس
Ù٠تأثÙر Ù
باشر عÙ٠اÙÙ
اÙÙ Ø ÙÙا
-Ùضر Ø£Øدا. اÙÙ
اÙÙ ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠Ùخسر إذا Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙ ÙÙشخص اÙØ°Ù ÙاÙ
باÙÙسخة Ø£Ù
-ÙدÙع Ù
بÙغ اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
اÙ٠عÙضا٠عÙ
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+اÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙ
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”اÙضرر“ Ø£Ù ”اÙخسارة
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اÙبراÙ
ج. Ø¥Ùا أ٠اÙÙسخ ÙÙس ÙÙ
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باشر عÙ٠اÙÙ
اÙÙ Ø ÙÙا Ùضر Ø£Øدا. اÙÙ
اÙÙ ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠Ùخسر إذا Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
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باÙÙسخة Ø£Ù ÙدÙع Ù
بÙغ اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
اÙ٠عÙضا٠ع٠ÙسخÙ.</p>
<p>
اÙتÙÙÙر ÙÙÙÙا ÙبÙ٠أ٠Ù
عظÙ
اÙÙاس Ù
Ù Ùذا
اÙÙبÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙا Ùد إشترÙا Ùسخة. ÙÙ
ع
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اÙÙÙÙ ÙØسبÙÙ “اÙخسائر” ÙÙ
ا Ù٠أÙÙ Ùا٠ÙÙ ÙاØد اشترÙ
+Ø°ÙÙ Ùإ٠اÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ ÙØسبÙÙ ”اÙخسائر“ ÙÙ
ا Ù٠أÙÙ Ùا٠ÙÙ ÙاØد اشترÙ
Ùسخة. Ùذا ÙÙ Ù
باÙغة— Ø ÙÙضعÙا برÙÙ.</p></li>
<li id="law">.اÙÙاÙÙÙ
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@
غاÙبا Ù
ا Ùص٠اÙÙ
اÙÙÙ٠اÙØاÙØ© اÙراÙÙØ©
ÙÙÙاÙÙÙ Ø ÙاÙعÙÙبات اÙÙاسÙØ© اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙدÙدÙا بÙا. اÙضÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙÙج Ù٠أÙ
اÙØªØ±Ø§Ø Ø§ÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ
ÙعÙس ÙجÙØ©
Ùظر Ùا Ø´Ù ÙÙÙا ÙÙأخÙاٗ ÙÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙت
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-اÙعÙÙبات عÙ٠أÙÙا ØÙائ٠Ù
٠اÙطبÙعة اÙت٠Ùا
ÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙاء اÙÙÙÙ
بÙا عÙ٠اØد.</p>
+اÙعÙÙبات عÙ٠أÙÙا ØÙائ٠Ù
٠اÙطبÙعة اÙت٠Ùا
ÙÙ
Ù٠إÙÙاء اÙÙÙÙ
بÙا عÙ٠اØد.</p>
<p>
.Ùذا اÙسطر Ù
٠اÙØ¥ÙÙاع ÙÙس Ù
صÙ
Ù
ÙÙصÙ
د Ø£Ù
اÙ
اÙتÙÙÙر اÙÙÙØ¯Ù Ø Ø§ÙÙ ÙÙد٠إÙÙ
@@ -117,8 +113,8 @@
<p>
اÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
بتدئ Ø£Ù Ùا تÙرر اÙÙÙاÙÙ٠اÙصÙاب
ÙاÙخطأ. عÙÙ Ù٠أÙ
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Ø Ù
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ا Ø Ùا٠ضد اÙÙاÙÙÙ ÙÙ ÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙÙاÙات Ùشخص أسÙد عÙ٠اÙجÙÙس
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اÙعÙصرÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ٠أÙ٠اÙجÙÙس ÙÙاÙ
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اÙعÙصرÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙا ÙÙÙÙÙ٠أÙ٠اÙجÙÙس
+ÙÙا٠Ùا٠خطأ.</p></li>
<li id="natural-rights">.اÙØÙÙ٠اÙطبÙعÙØ©
@@ -147,7 +143,7 @@
<p>
ÙÙÙ٠إذا ÙÙ
ت بتشغÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Ùتبت٠أ٠أÙ
تغÙÙر٠Ùؤثر بشÙÙ Ù
باشر عÙÙÙ ÙغÙر
Ù
باشر عÙÙ ÙÙØ·. إذا إعطاء Ùسخة ÙصدÙÙÙ Ùؤثر
عÙÙ٠أÙت ÙصدÙÙ٠اÙثر بÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù
ا
-Ùؤثر ÙÙ. Ùا Ùجب أ٠أÙ
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تÙع٠Ùذ٠اÙاشÙاء. Ùا ÙÙبغ٠ÙØ£Øد
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Ùا
تÙع٠Ùذ٠اÙأشÙاء. Ùا ÙÙبغ٠ÙØ£Øد
Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙسÙطة.</p>
<p>
@@ -155,12 +151,12 @@
اÙت٠Ùا جدا٠ÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
عÙا.</p>
<p>
-عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙتارÙØ® Ø Ø§ÙعÙس صØÙØ. تÙ
Ø¥ÙترØ
ÙÙرة اÙØÙÙ٠اÙطبÙعÙØ© ÙÙÙتاب ÙتÙ
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ا Ùضع دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
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<em> ÙسÙ
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<em>ÙØتاج</em> Ø£Øد Ø ÙÙذا Ù٠اÙسبب
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٠دÙر اÙÙشر Ø ÙÙÙÙ
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<p>
@@ -171,7 +167,7 @@
<li id="economics">اÙاÙتصاد.
<p>
-اÙجدا٠اÙÙÙائ٠اÙذ٠تÙدÙ
ÙاصØاب اÙØاجة Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù٠أ٠Ùذا Ùؤد٠إÙ٠إÙتاج
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Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù٠أ٠Ùذا Ùؤد٠إÙ٠إÙتاج
اÙÙ
زÙد Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات.</p>
<p>
@@ -181,8 +177,8 @@
<p>
ÙÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙØجة اÙاÙتصادÙØ© ÙدÙÙا عÙب : ÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙتراض أ٠اÙاختÙا٠ÙÙ ÙÙØ·
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سأÙØ© Ù
Ùدار اÙاÙ
Ùا٠اÙت٠ÙدÙÙا عÙ٠اÙدÙع.
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ا ÙرÙد Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§ Ùا٠ÙÙبرÙاÙ
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ÙØ¥ÙÙ ÙÙترض Ø£Ù <em> Ø¥Ùتاج
+اÙبرÙ
جÙات</em> ÙÙ Ù
ا ÙرÙد Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§ Ùا٠ÙÙبرÙاÙ
ج
Ù
اÙ٠أÙ
Ùا.</p>
<p>
ÙÙب٠اÙÙاس ØÙا٠Ùذا اÙاÙتراض Ø ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙتÙÙ Ù
ع
تجاربÙا Ù
ع اÙأشÙاء
@@ -219,7 +215,7 @@
<p>
ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ ÙØتاج اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع Ø¥Ù٠تشجÙع رÙØ
اÙتعاÙ٠اÙØ·Ùع٠ÙÙ Ù
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+”اÙÙرصÙØ©“ Ø ÙÙÙØ«Ù٠رÙØ Ù
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عÙا اÙÙ
دÙÙØ©.</p>
<p>
Ùذا Ù٠اÙسبب اÙØ°Ù ÙجعÙÙا ÙÙÙ٠إ٠<a
@@ -228,14 +224,14 @@
<p>
اÙØجة اÙاÙتصادÙØ© ÙÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ Ø®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ù Ø ÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙضÙØ© اÙاÙتصادÙØ© ÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙØ© . بعض
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ج اÙÙ
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Ù
اÙÙتابة Ø£Ù ÙÙاعجاب ÙاÙØب Ø ÙÙÙ٠اذا ÙÙا
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ا ÙÙتب٠ÙؤÙاء
اÙÙØ§Ø³Ø ÙÙØ٠بØاجة ÙجÙ
ع اÙØ£Ù
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<p>
-ÙÙ
دة عشر سÙÙات ÙØت٠اÙØ¢Ù Ø ØاÙÙ Ù
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اÙØ© جعÙÙا Ùا ÙزÙÙ
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Ø°ÙÙ ÙÙا اÙØ£ÙÙÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙصÙÙ.</p>
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ØترÙ
Ø©
ÙشرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات.</p>
<p>
-اÙشرÙات بÙ
ا Ù٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙتÙرÙÙا ÙتÙساس
اÙسترÙÙ
Ùتس ÙأجÙزة بث Ùد تضاÙرت ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙ
-اÙتطÙÙر اÙÙ
ستÙ
ر ÙÙ
ترجÙ
غÙ٠اÙØرة ÙÙغة C.
ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙت ÙÙØ³Ù Ø ÙتÙ
تÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
ترجÙ
-غÙ٠اÙØرة ÙÙغة آدا Ù
٠جاÙب سÙØ§Ø Ø§Ùج٠اÙاÙ
ÙرÙÙ Ø Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙعتÙد Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙ ÙأجدÙ
-ÙسÙÙØ© ÙعاÙØ© ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ù
ترجÙ
ذ٠جÙدة عاÙÙØ©
. [تÙ
ÙÙ٠سÙØ§Ø Ø§Ùج٠اÙتÙÙ Ù
ÙØ° بعض
-اÙÙÙت Ø Ù
ترجÙ
غÙ٠اÙØرة ÙÙغة آدا اÙØ¢Ù ÙÙ
اÙخدÙ
Ø© Ø ÙاÙصÙاÙØ© Ù
Ù
ÙÙ٠تجارÙا.]</p>
+Øدث Ù٠أÙائ٠اÙتسعÙÙÙات أ٠اÙشرÙات بÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ø°Ù٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙتÙرÙÙا ÙتÙساس
+اÙسترÙÙ
Ùتس ÙأجÙزة بث Ùد تضاÙرت ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙ
اÙتطÙÙر اÙÙ
ستÙ
ر ÙÙ
ترجÙ
غÙ٠اÙØرة ÙÙغة
+C. ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙت ÙÙØ³Ù Ø ÙتÙ
تÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
ترجÙ
غÙÙ
اÙØرة ÙÙغة آدا Ù
٠جاÙب سÙØ§Ø Ø§ÙجÙ
+اÙاÙ
ÙرÙÙ Ø Ø§ÙØ°Ù ÙعتÙد Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙ Ùأجد٠ÙسÙÙØ©
ÙعاÙØ© ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ù
ترجÙ
ذ٠جÙدة
+عاÙÙØ© . [تÙ
ÙÙ٠سÙØ§Ø Ø§Ùج٠اÙتÙÙ Ù
ÙØ° بعض اÙÙÙت
Ø Ù
ترجÙ
غÙ٠اÙØرة ÙÙغة آدا
+اÙØ¢Ù Ù٠اÙخدÙ
Ø© Ø ÙاÙصÙاÙØ© Ù
Ù
ÙÙ٠تجارÙا.]</p>
<p>
ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙØ£Ù
Ø«ÙØ© اÙصغÙرة Ø ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة Ùا تزا٠صغÙرة Ø Ù Ùا تزاÙ
@@ -268,7 +264,7 @@
إذا سأÙ٠صدÙÙ٠تÙدÙÙ
Ùسخة Ù
ÙÙØ Ø³ÙÙÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙخطأ أ٠ترÙض. اÙتعاÙÙ Ù٠أÙثر Ø£ÙÙ
ÙØ©
Ù
Ù ØÙÙ٠اÙتأÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙشر. ÙÙ٠تØت اÙأرض Ø
اÙتعاÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙغÙÙ Ùا Ùجع٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع
ØسÙاÙ. ÙÙبغ٠ÙÙØ¥Ùسا٠أ٠ÙØ·Ù
Ø ÙÙØÙا ØÙاة
تستÙÙÙ
عÙÙا بÙÙ Ùخر Ø ÙÙعÙÙ Ùذا
-اÙÙÙÙ “Ùا” ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ©.</p>
+اÙÙÙÙÙا ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ©.</p>
<p>
تستØ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ Ùادر عÙ٠اÙتعاÙ٠عÙÙا ÙبØرÙØ©
Ù
ع اÙÙاس اÙآخرÙ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ
@@ -277,7 +273,12 @@
عÙد اÙØ®ÙÙ.</p>
<p>
-.اÙÙÙ
تستØÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</p>
+Ø¥ÙÙÙ
تستØÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
+
+<h4>ÙÙاÙ
Ø´</h4>
+<ol>
+<li id="footnote1">تÙ
سØب اÙاتÙاÙ
ات ÙاØÙاÙ</li>
+</ol>
<hr />
<h4>Ùذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ùشر ÙÙ <a
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@
<div style="font-size: small;">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
-*ÙسÙ
ج٠أ٠أÙ
Ù
اÙÙ
تØدة: Ù
ÙاØظات اÙÙ
ترجÙ
*</div>
+ </div>
</div>
<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
@@ -301,10 +302,11 @@
<p>
Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠ÙØ¥ÙâإسâØ¥Ù ÙاستÙسارات غÙ٠إÙÙ
<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. ٠اÙضا٠<a
-href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙØ¥ÙâإسâØ¥Ù.
<br /> Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرسÙ
-اÙرÙابط اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات
Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ٠اÙضا٠<a
+href="/contact/">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙØ¥ÙâإسâØ¥Ù.
+<br />
+ Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠اÙرÙابط اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات
أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -313,95 +315,29 @@
</p>
<p>
-ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 1994 رÙشارد ستاÙÙ
ا٠<br /> اÙÙسخ
ÙاÙتÙزÙع اÙØرÙÙ ÙÙ
دخÙØ©
-اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù
Ùجازة ÙÙ Ù٠أÙØاء اÙعاÙÙ
بدÙÙ
Ø£Ø±Ø¨Ø§Ø Ù٠أ٠ÙسÙØ· Ù
ع Ùضع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاØظة
-Ù٠عÙ٠اÙاعتبار.
+ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 1994, 2009 رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ
+<br />
+Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ© Ù
رخصة ÙÙÙ <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>رخصة Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States</a>.
</p>
-
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
-<em>ÙشاÙ
ÙاÙ
Ùت</em><br
-/>.ÙرÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ© بإشرا٠<em>ØساÙ
-ØسÙÙ</em>.</div>
- <p>
-<!-- timestamp start -->
+تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ùب٠رÙÙ٠إ. جرجس</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
:تØدÙØ«
-$Date: 2012/09/16 05:28:38 $
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>ترجÙ
ات Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ©</h4>
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
-<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch.-->
-<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
-<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
-<ul class="translations-list">
-<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
-<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
-<!-- Danish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.da.html">Dansk</a> [da]</li>
-<!-- German -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-<!-- English -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-<!-- Persian/Farsi -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
-<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-<!-- Croatian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.hr.html">Hrvatski</a> [hr]</li>
-<!-- Hungarian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.hu.html">Magyar</a> [hu]</li>
-<!-- Indonesian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
-<!-- Italian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
-<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
-<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-<!-- Dutch -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-<!-- Polish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
-<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
-<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</body>
Index: philosophy/po/compromise.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/compromise.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/po/compromise.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:47:15 -0000 1.18
+++ philosophy/po/compromise.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:58:32 -0000 1.19
@@ -10,20 +10,16 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-11 21:22+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Rafik E. Younan <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Arabic <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ar\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Language: ar\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2011-07-20 20:25-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=6; plural=n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 "
"&& n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 && n%100<=99 ? 4 : 5;\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.5\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Avoiding Ruinous Compromises - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation "
-#| "(FSF)"
msgid "Avoiding Ruinous Compromises - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "تجÙب اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
ات اÙÙ
دÙ
رة - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
@@ -303,8 +299,7 @@
"we must put an end to it.” And even if you do continue to say those "
"words, your actions will undermine them."
msgstr ""
-"Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ساÙات Ø¬Ø°Ø§Ø¨Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙا تبعد اÙÙدÙ. إذا
ÙزÙعت برÙاÙ
جÙا غÙر ØØ±Ø Ø£Ù ÙجÙÙت "
-"اÙÙاس "
+"Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ساÙات Ø¬Ø°Ø§Ø¨Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙا تبعد اÙÙدÙ. إذا
ÙزÙعت برÙاÙ
جÙا غÙر ØØ±Ø Ø£Ù ÙجÙÙت اÙÙاس "
"Ø¥ÙÙÙ Ùستجد Ø£Ù Ù
٠اÙصعب ÙÙÙ ”اÙبرÙ
جÙات
غÙر Øرة ظاÙÙ
Ø©Ø ÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اجتÙ
اعÙØ© "
"ÙÙجب Ø£Ù Ùضع ØدÙا ÙÙا“Ø ÙØت٠Ù٠استÙ
رÙت
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØÙستØض Ø£ÙعاÙ٠أÙÙاÙÙ."
@@ -349,17 +344,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal of "
-#| "freedom, look at <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/resources\";>the FSF's "
-#| "resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that "
-#| "work with free software, <a href=\"/distros\"> totally free GNU/Linux "
-#| "distros</a> to install, and thousands of free software packages that work "
-#| "in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help the "
-#| "community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to publicly "
-#| "uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is good or bad, "
-#| "or what to do, cite the values of freedom and community and argue from "
-#| "them."
msgid ""
"If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal of "
"freedom, look at <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/resources\";>the FSF's "
@@ -375,18 +359,14 @@
"إذا أردت اÙاÙتÙا٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة بدÙ٠اÙÙ
ساÙÙ
Ø© عÙÙ Ùد٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ø±Ø§Ø¬Ø¹ <a href="
"\"http://www.fsf.org/resources\";>Ù
ÙØ·ÙØ© Ù
Ùارد Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>Ø ÙÙÙ "
"تسرد ÙائÙ
Ø© باÙÙ
عدات ÙاÙأجÙزة اÙت٠تعÙ
Ù Ù
ع
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù<a href=\"/"
-"distros\">ÙائÙ
Ø© بتÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØرة
باÙÙاÙ
Ù</a> ÙÙ
ÙÙ "
-"تثبÙتÙØ§Ø ÙØ¢Ùا٠ØزÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙتÙ
تعÙ
Ù Ù٠بÙئة Ù
ÙÙÙØ© 100% Ù
٠براÙ
ج "
-"Øرة. إذا أردت اÙÙ
ساعدة Ù٠إبÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع
عÙ٠طرÙ٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ùإ٠إØد٠أÙÙ
اÙطر٠"
-"Ù٠اÙتÙ
س٠عÙÙÙا بÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙاطÙØ©. عÙدÙ
ا ÙÙاÙØ´
اÙÙاس Ù
ا Ù٠جÙد ÙسÙØ¡Ø Ø£Ù Ù
ا Ùجدر "
-"اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙØ ÙÙ٠بÙÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙداÙع
عÙÙا."
+"distros\">ÙائÙ
Ø© بتÙزÙعات غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØرة
باÙÙاÙ
Ù</a> ÙÙ
Ù٠تثبÙتÙØ§Ø ÙØ¢Ùا٠ØزÙ
"
+"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙت٠تعÙ
Ù Ù٠بÙئة Ù
ÙÙÙØ© 100%
Ù
٠براÙ
ج Øرة. إذا أردت اÙÙ
ساعدة "
+"Ù٠إبÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع عÙ٠طرÙ٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ùإ٠إØدÙ
Ø£ÙÙ
اÙطر٠Ù٠اÙتÙ
س٠عÙÙÙا بÙÙÙ
"
+"اÙÙ
ÙاطÙØ©. عÙدÙ
ا ÙÙاÙØ´ اÙÙاس Ù
ا Ù٠جÙد
ÙسÙØ¡Ø Ø£Ù Ù
ا Ùجدر اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙØ ÙÙ٠بÙÙÙ
"
+"اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙداÙع عÙÙا."
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A road that lets you go faster is no improvement if it leads to the wrong "
-#| "place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal, but beware "
-#| "of compromises that lead away from the goal."
msgid ""
"A road that lets you go faster is not better if it leads to the wrong "
"place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal, but beware of "
@@ -413,12 +393,6 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other "
-#| "ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
-#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
@@ -426,11 +400,11 @@
"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
"org></a>."
msgstr ""
-"Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات غÙÙ Ù<a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-"org\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
href=\"/contact/\">طر٠أخر٠"
-"ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙإ٠إس Ø¥Ù. Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرسÙ
اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة "
-"Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
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+"Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرس٠Ùإ٠إس Ø¥Ù ÙÙاستÙسارات غÙÙ Ù<a
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+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. ÙÙجد Ø£Ùضا <a
href=\"/contact/\">طر٠أخر٠"
+"ÙÙاتصاÙ</a> باÙإ٠إس Ø¥Ù. Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠أرسÙ
اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات Ø£Ù "
+"اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden>"
+"</a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
@@ -463,10 +437,6 @@
"ستÙÙÙ
Ù</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
-#| "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-#| "NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
Index: philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:47:16 -0000 1.17
+++ philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:58:32 -0000 1.18
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2011-07-14 04:29-0300\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=6; plural=n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 "
"&& n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 && n%100<=99 ? 4 : 5;\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.5\n"
@@ -58,13 +57,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School, the "
-#| "widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is a "
-#| "fashion that followed the 1967 founding of the World “Intellectual "
-#| "Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in "
-#| "recent years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents "
-#| "the interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.)"
msgid ""
"According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School, the "
"widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is a fashion "
@@ -82,11 +74,10 @@
"”اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© اÙÙÙرÙØ©“ اÙعاÙÙ
ÙØ© (WIPO)Ø
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"اÙÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
اضÙØ© ÙÙØ·. (تعد WIPO رسÙ
ÙÙا Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø©
تابعة ÙÙØ£Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ "
"اÙØÙÙÙØ© تÙ
Ø«Ù ØاÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءات
اÙاختراع ÙاÙعÙاÙ
ات اÙتجارÙØ©.) استخداÙ
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-"Ùاسع "
-"ÙÙتÙارÙØ® Ù
Ù <a
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-"+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&"
-"smoothing=1\"> ØÙاÙÙ 1990 </a>.(<a
href=\"/grapgics/seductivemirage.png\"> "
-"Ùسخة Ù
ØÙÙØ© ÙÙصÙرة</a>)"
+"Ùاسع ÙÙتÙارÙØ® Ù
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Index: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.46
retrieving revision 1.47
diff -u -b -r1.46 -r1.47
--- philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:47:16
-0000 1.46
+++ philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:58:32
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Index: philosophy/po/why-free.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- philosophy/po/why-free.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:47:47 -0000 1.20
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.ar.po 12 May 2013 04:58:32 -0000 1.21
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msgstr "ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 1994, 2009 رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
-#| "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-#| "NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
@@ -777,4 +719,3 @@
#~ "ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر © 1994 رÙشارد ستاÙÙ
ا٠<br />
اÙÙسخ ÙاÙتÙزÙع اÙØرÙÙ ÙÙ
دخÙØ© "
#~ "اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù
Ùجازة ÙÙ Ù٠أÙØاء اÙعاÙÙ
بدÙÙ
Ø£Ø±Ø¨Ø§Ø Ù٠أ٠ÙسÙØ· Ù
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ÙاØظة "
#~ "Ù٠عÙ٠اÙاعتبار. "
-
Index: distros/po/distros.ar-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: distros/po/distros.ar-en.html
diff -N distros/po/distros.ar-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ distros/po/distros.ar-en.html 12 May 2013 04:58:29 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>GNU/Linux Distros - GNU Operating System</title>
+<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
+ href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
+ type="application/rss+xml" />
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/distros.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>GNU/Linux Distros</h2>
+
+<p>
+Free GNU/Linux system distributions (or “distros”) only
+include and only propose free software. They reject non-free
+applications, non-free programming platforms, non-free drivers,
+non-free firmware “blobs”, and any other non-free software
+and documentation. If they discover that by mistake some had been
+included, they remove it.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="freeDistros">Free GNU/Linux Distros</h3>
+<p>
+We recommend that you use a free GNU/Linux system distribution, one that does
+not include proprietary software at all. That way you can be sure that you are
+not installing any non-free programs. Here is our list of such distros:<br />
+<a href="/distros/free-distros.html">
+Free GNU/Linux distributions</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+All of these existing distros could use more development help. Thus,
+if you want to make an effective contribution to free GNU/Linux
+distributions, we suggest that you join the development of an existing
+free distro rather that starting a new free distro.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="distroGuidelines">Free Distro Guidelines</h3>
+<p>
+Here is the list of problems that can prevent a distro from being
+considered entirely free:<br />
+<a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
+Guidelines for free system distributions</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="otherDistros">Common Distros</h3>
+<p>
+Many common and well-known GNU/Linux software distributions don't meet
+our guidelines. You can read about their problems here:<br />
+<a href="/distros/common-distros.html">
+Why we can't endorse many well-known GNU/Linux distros</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+We appeal to the developers of these distros to remove the non-free parts and
+thus make them entirely free software.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="optionallyFree">Optionally Free Is Not Enough</h3>
+<p>
+Some GNU/Linux distributions allow the user the option of installing only free
software. You can read:<br />
+<a href="/distros/optionally-free-not-enough.html">
+Why optionally free is not enough.</a></p>
+
+<h3 id="whyImportant">Why Is This Important?</h3>
+<p>
+When a GNU/Linux distro includes nonfree software, it causes two kinds
+of problems:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>If you install it, you may install and use nonfree software.</li>
+<li>It gives people the wrong idea of what the goal is.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The first problem is a direct problem: it affects users of the
+distro, if they install the nonfree software. However, the second
+problem is the more important one, because it affects the community as
+a whole.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The developers of nonfree distros don't say, “We apologize for
+the presence of nonfree components in our distribution. We don't know
+what possessed us to include them. We hope that next release we will
+keep our minds on freedom.” If they did, they would have less
+of a bad influence.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Instead, they generally present the nonfree software in their systems
+as a positive feature; they say that their goal is “the best
+possible user experience”, or something like that, rather than
+freedom. In other words, they lead people to place convenience above
+freedom — working directly against our campaign to make freedom
+the primary goal.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The fact that these distros don't deliver freedom is why we don't
+endorse them. That they teach people not to value freedom is why
+we are strongly concerned about this issue.
+</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/compromise.ar-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/compromise.ar-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/compromise.ar-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/compromise.ar-en.html 12 May 2013 04:58:32 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</h2>
+
+<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
+background-color: #ececec; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em;
+margin-top: 4em;"><p><em>“Twenty-five years
+ago <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">on September 27, 1983, I
+announced a plan</a> to create a completely free operating system
+called GNU—for ‘GNU's Not Unix’. As part of the
+25th anniversary of the GNU system, I have written this article on how
+our community can avoid ruinous compromises. In addition to avoiding
+such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href="/help/">help
+GNU</a> and free software. One basic way is
+to <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052";>
+join the Free Software Foundation</a> as an Associate
+Member.”</em>—<b>Richard Stallman</b></p></div>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>The free software movement aims for a social
+change: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">to make all software
+free</a> so that all software users are free and can be part of a
+community of cooperation. Every nonfree program gives its developer
+unjust power over the users. Our goal is to put an end to that
+injustice.</p>
+
+<p>The road to freedom
+is <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2008/spring/the-last-mile-is-always-the-hardest/";>
+a long road</a>. It will take many steps and many years to reach a
+world in which it is normal for software users to have freedom. Some
+of these steps are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become easier
+if we make compromises with people that have different goals.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software
+Foundation</a> makes compromises—even major ones. For
+instance, we made compromises in the patent provisions of version 3 of
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) so
+that major companies would contribute to and distribute GPLv3-covered
+software and thus bring some patents under the effect of these
+provisions. </p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gplv3-large.png" alt="" style="float: left;" />
+
+<p><a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">The Lesser GPL</a>'s purpose is a
+compromise: we use it on certain chosen free libraries to permit their
+use in nonfree programs because we think that legally prohibiting
+this would only drive developers to proprietary libraries instead. We
+accept and install code in GNU programs to make them work together
+with common nonfree programs, and we document and publicize this in
+ways that encourage users of the latter to install the former, but not
+vice versa. We support specific campaigns we agree with, even when we
+don't fully agree with the groups behind them.</p>
+
+<p>But we reject certain compromises even though many others in our
+community are willing to make them. For instance,
+we <a href="/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
+endorse only the GNU/Linux distributions</a> that have policies not to
+include nonfree software or lead users to install it. To endorse
+nonfree distributions would be a <acronym title="ruinous
+(rū'ə-nəs) adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause ruin;
+destructive. 2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or
+decayed.">ruinous</acronym> compromise.</p>
+
+<p>Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the
+long term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of
+actions.</p>
+
+<p>At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce
+the premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software
+users are free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize
+freedom as an issue. They have taken up “consumer”
+values, which means they judge any program only on practical characteristics
+such as price and convenience.</p>
+
+<p>Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win Friends and
+Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to
+persuade someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal
+to his values. There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values
+typical in our society. For instance, free software obtained gratis
+can save the user money. Many free programs are convenient and
+reliable, too. Citing those practical benefits has succeeded in
+persuading many users to adopt various free programs, some of which
+are now quite successful.</p>
+
+<p>If getting more people to use some free programs is as far as you
+aim to go, you might decide to keep quiet about the concept of
+freedom, and focus only on the practical advantages that make sense
+in terms of consumer values. That's what the term “open
+source” and its associated rhetoric do.</p>
+
+<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People
+who use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it
+only as long as it is convenient. And they will see no reason not to
+use convenient proprietary programs along with it.</p>
+
+<p>The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer
+values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That's why we
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">do not support
+open source.</a></p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gnulaptop.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
+
+<p>To establish a free community fully and lastingly, we need to do
+more than get people to use some free software. We need to spread the
+idea of judging software (and other things) on “citizen
+values”, based on whether it respects users' freedom and
+community, not just in terms of convenience. Then people will not
+fall into the trap of a proprietary program baited by an attractive,
+convenient feature.</p>
+
+<p>To promote citizen values, we have to talk about them and show how
+they are the basis of our actions. We must reject the Dale Carnegie
+compromise that would influence their actions by endorsing their
+consumer values.</p>
+
+<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we can
+and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals
+the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore,
+when we cite the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate
+frequently that those are just <em>additional, secondary</em> reasons
+to prefer it.</p>
+
+<p>It's not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our
+actions have to accord with them too. So we must also avoid
+compromises that involve doing or legitimizing the things we aim to
+stamp out.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, experience shows that you can attract some users to
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">GNU/Linux</a> if you include some
+nonfree programs. This could mean a cute nonfree application that
+will catch some user's eye, or a nonfree programming platform such
+as <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java</a> (formerly) or the
+Flash runtime (still), or a nonfree device driver that enables
+support for certain hardware models.</p>
+
+<p>These compromises are tempting, but they undermine the goal. If
+you distribute nonfree software, or steer people towards it, you will
+find it hard to say, “Nonfree software is an injustice, a
+social problem, and we must put an end to it.” And even if you
+do continue to say those words, your actions will undermine them.</p>
+
+<p>The issue here is not whether people should be <em>able</em>
+or <em>allowed</em> to install nonfree software; a general-purpose
+system enables and allows users to do whatever they wish. The issue
+is whether we guide users towards nonfree software. What they do on
+their own is their responsibility; what we do for them, and what we
+direct them towards, is ours. We must not direct the
+users towards proprietary software as if it were a solution, because
+proprietary software is the problem.</p>
+
+<p>A ruinous compromise is not just a bad influence on others. It can
+distort your own values, too, through cognitive dissonance. If you
+have certain values, but your actions imply other, conflicting values,
+you are likely to change your values or your actions so as to resolve the
+contradiction. Thus, projects that argue only from practical
+advantages, or direct people toward some nonfree software, nearly
+always shy away from even <em>suggesting</em> that nonfree software
+is unethical. For their participants, as well as for the public, they
+reinforce consumer values. We must reject these compromises if we wish
+to keep our values straight.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal
+of freedom, look at <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources";>the FSF's
+resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that
+work with free software, <a href="/distros"> totally free GNU/Linux
+distros</a> to install, and <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/";>
+thousands of free software packages</a> that
+work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help the
+community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to
+publicly uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is
+good or bad, or what to do, cite the values of freedom and community
+and argue from them.</p>
+
+<p>A road that lets you go faster is not better if it leads to the
+wrong place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal,
+but beware of compromises that lead away from the goal.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+For a similar point in a different area of life,
+see <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/19/nudge-is-not-enough-behaviour-change";>"'Nudge'
+is not enough"</a>.
+</p>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008, 2009 <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a>.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:32 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/not-ipr.ar-en.html 12 May 2013 04:58:32 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+
+<p>
+It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and
+trademarks—three separate and different entities involving three
+separate and different sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into
+one pot and call it “intellectual property”. The
+distorting and confusing term did not become common by accident.
+Companies that gain from the confusion promoted it. The clearest way
+out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School,
+the widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is
+a fashion that followed the 1967 founding of the World “Intellectual
+Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in recent
+years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents the
+interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.) Wide use
dates from
+<a
href="http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1";>around
+1990</a>. (<a href="/graphics/seductivemirage.png">Local image copy</a>)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The term carries a bias that is not hard to see: it suggests thinking
+about copyright, patents and trademarks by analogy with property
+rights for physical objects. (This analogy is at odds with the legal
+philosophies of copyright law, of patent law, and of trademark law,
+but only specialists know that.) These laws are in fact not much like
+physical property law, but use of this term leads legislators to
+change them to be more so. Since that is the change desired by the
+companies that exercise copyright, patent and trademark powers, the
+bias introduced by the term “intellectual property” suits them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The bias is reason enough to reject the term, and people have often
+asked me to propose some other name for the overall category—or
+have proposed their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions
+include IMPs, for Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for
+Government-Originated Legally Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of
+“exclusive rights regimes”, but referring to restrictions
+as “rights” is doublethink too.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Some of these alternative names would be an improvement, but it is a
+mistake to replace “intellectual property” with any other
+term. A different name will not address the term's deeper problem:
+overgeneralization. There is no such unified thing as
+“intellectual property”—it is a mirage. The only
+reason people think it makes sense as a coherent category is that
+widespread use of the term has misled them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The term “intellectual property” is at best a catch-all to
+lump together disparate laws. Nonlawyers who hear one term applied to
+these various laws tend to assume they are based on a common
+principle and function similarly.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Nothing could be further from the case.
+These laws originated separately, evolved differently, cover different
+activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art, and covers
+the details of expression of a work. Patent law was intended to
+promote the publication of useful ideas, at the price of giving the
+one who publishes an idea a temporary monopoly over it—a price
+that may be worth paying in some fields and not in others.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular
+way of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are
+buying. Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual
+property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides
+incentives for advertising.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Since these laws developed independently, they are different in every
+detail, as well as in their basic purposes and methods. Thus, if you
+learn some fact about copyright law, you'd be wise to assume that
+patent law is different. You'll rarely go wrong!
+</p>
+
+<p>
+People often say “intellectual property” when they really
+mean some larger or smaller category. For instance, rich countries
+often impose unjust laws on poor countries to squeeze money out of
+them. Some of these laws are “intellectual property” laws,
+and others are not; nonetheless, critics of the practice often grab
+for that label because it has become familiar to them. By using it,
+they misrepresent the nature of the issue. It would be better to use
+an accurate term, such as “legislative colonization”, that
+gets to the heart of the matter.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law
+professors who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the
+seductiveness of the term “intellectual property”, and
+make general statements that conflict with facts they know. For
+example, one professor wrote in 2006:
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Unlike their descendants who now work the floor at WIPO, the framers
+of the US constitution had a principled, procompetitive attitude to
+intellectual property. They knew rights might be necessary,
+but…they tied congress's hands, restricting its power in
+multiple ways.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+That statement refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US
+Constitution, which authorizes copyright law and patent law. That
+clause, though, has nothing to do with trademark law or various
+others. The term “intellectual property” led that
+professor to make false generalization.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The term “intellectual property” also leads to simplistic
+thinking. It leads people to focus on the meager commonality in form
+that these disparate laws have—that they create artificial
+privileges for certain parties—and to disregard the details
+which form their substance: the specific restrictions each law places
+on the public, and the consequences that result. This simplistic focus
+on the form encourages an “economistic” approach to all
+these issues.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Economics operates here, as it often does, as a vehicle for unexamined
+assumptions. These include assumptions about values, such as that
+amount of production matters while freedom and way of life do not,
+and factual assumptions which are mostly false, such as that
+copyrights on music supports musicians, or that patents on drugs
+support life-saving research.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term
“intellectual
+property”, the specific issues raised by the various laws become
+nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics of each
+law—precisely what the term “intellectual property”
+encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue relating to
+copyright law is whether music sharing should be allowed; patent law
+has nothing to do with this. Patent law raises issues such as whether
+poor countries should be allowed to produce life-saving drugs and sell
+them cheaply to save lives; copyright law has nothing to do with such
+matters.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Neither of these issues is solely economic in nature, and their
+noneconomic aspects are very different; using the shallow economic
+overgeneralization as the basis for considering them means ignoring the
+differences. Putting the two laws in the “intellectual
+property” pot obstructs clear thinking about each one.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Thus, any opinions about “the issue of intellectual
+property” and any generalizations about this supposed category
+are almost surely foolish. If you think all those laws are one issue,
+you will tend to choose your opinions from a selection of sweeping
+overgeneralizations, none of which is any good.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, or
+copyrights, or trademarks, or various other different laws, the first
+step is to
+forget the idea of lumping them together, and treat them as separate
+topics. The second step is to reject the narrow perspectives and
+simplistic picture the term “intellectual property”
+suggests. Consider each of these issues separately, in its fullness,
+and you have a chance of considering them well.
+</p>
+
+<p>And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a
+href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>one proposal for
+changing the name and substance of WIPO</a>.
+
+</p>
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:32 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ar-en.html 12 May 2013
04:58:32 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project -
+Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>When we call software “free,” we mean that it respects
+the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">users' essential freedoms</a>:
+the freedom to run it, to study and change it, and to redistribute
+copies with or without changes. This is a matter of freedom, not
+price, so think of “free speech,” not “free
+beer.”</p>
+
+<p>These freedoms are vitally important. They are essential, not just
+for the individual users' sake, but for society as a whole because they
+promote social solidarity—that is, sharing and cooperation. They
+become even more important as our culture and life activities are
+increasingly digitized. In a world of digital sounds, images, and words,
+free software becomes increasingly essential for freedom in general.</p>
+
+<p>Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software;
+the public schools of some regions of India and Spain now teach all
+students to use the free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+operating system</a>. Most of these users, however, have never heard of
+the ethical reasons for which we developed this system and built the free
+software community, because nowadays this system and community are more
+often spoken of as “open source”, attributing them to a
+different philosophy in which these freedoms are hardly mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>The free software movement has campaigned for computer users'
+freedom since 1983. In 1984 we launched the development of the free
+operating system GNU, so that we could avoid the nonfree operating systems
+that deny freedom to their users. During the 1980s, we developed most
+of the essential components of the system and designed
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL)
+to release them under—a license designed specifically to protect
+freedom for all users of a program.</p>
+
+<p>Not all of the users and developers of free software
+agreed with the goals of the free software movement. In 1998, a part
+of the free software community splintered off and began campaigning in
+the name of “open source.” The term was originally
+proposed to avoid a possible misunderstanding of the term “free
+software,” but it soon became associated with philosophical
+views quite different from those of the free software movement.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a
+“marketing campaign for free software,” which would appeal
+to business executives by highlighting the software's practical
+benefits, while not raising issues of right and wrong that they might
+not like to hear. Other supporters flatly rejected the free software
+movement's ethical and social values. Whichever their views, when
+campaigning for open source, they neither cited nor advocated those
+values. The term “open source” quickly became associated
+with ideas and arguments based only on practical values, such as
+making or having powerful, reliable software. Most of the supporters
+of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same
+association.</p>
+
+<p>The two terms
+describe almost the same category of software, but they stand for
+views based on fundamentally different values. Open source is a
+development methodology; free software is a social movement. For the
+free software movement, free software is an ethical imperative,
+essential respect for the users' freedom. By contrast,
+the philosophy of open source considers issues in terms of how to make
+software “better”—in a practical sense only. It
+says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the practical
+problem at hand. For the free software movement, however, nonfree
+software is a social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and
+move to free software.</p>
+
+<p>“Free software.” “Open source.” If it's the same
+software (or nearly so), does it matter which name you use? Yes, because
+different words convey different ideas. While a free program by any other
+name would give you the same freedom today, establishing freedom in a
+lasting way depends above all on teaching people to value freedom. If you
+want to help do this, it is essential to speak of
+“free software.”</p>
+
+<p>We in the free software movement don't think of the open source
+camp as an enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software. But
+we want people to know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being
+mislabeled as open source supporters.</p>
+
+<h3>Practical Differences between Free Software and Open Source</h3>
+
+<p>In practice, open source stands for criteria a little weaker than
+those of free software. As far as we know, all existing free software
+would qualify as open source. Nearly all open source software is free
+software, but there are exceptions. First, some open source licenses
+are too restrictive, so they do not qualify as free licenses.
+Fortunately, few programs use those licenses.</p>
+
+<p>Second, and more important, many products containing computers
+(including many Android devices) come with executable programs that
+correspond to free software source code, but the devices do not allow
+the user to install modified versions of those executables; only one
+special company has the power to modify them. We call these devices
+“tyrants”, and the practice is called
+“tivoization” after the product where we first saw it.
+These executables are not free software even though their source code
+is free software. The criteria for open source do not recognize this
+issue; they are concerned solely with the licensing of the source code.</p>
+
+<h3>Common Misunderstandings of “Free Software” and
+“Open Source”</h3>
+
+<p>The term “free software” is prone to misinterpretation:
+an unintended meaning, “software you can get
+for zero price,” fits the term just as well as the intended
+meaning, “software which gives the user certain freedoms.”
+We address this problem by publishing the definition of free software,
+and by saying “Think of ‘free speech,’ not ‘free
+beer.’” This is not a perfect solution; it cannot completely
+eliminate the problem. An unambiguous and correct term would be better, if
+it didn't present other problems.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of
+their own. We've looked at many that people have
+suggested, but none is so clearly “right” that switching
+to it would be a good idea. (For instance, in some contexts the
+French and Spanish word “libre” works well, but people in India
+do not recognize it at all.) Every proposed replacement for
+“free software” has some kind of semantic problem—and
+this includes “open source software.”</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="http://opensource.org/docs/osd";>official definition of
+“open source software”</a> (which is published by the Open
+Source Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived
+indirectly from our criteria for free software. It is not the same;
+it is a little looser in some respects. Nonetheless, their definition
+agrees with our definition in most cases.</p>
+
+<p>However, the obvious meaning for the expression “open source
+software”—and the one most people seem to think it
+means—is “You can look at the source code.” That
+criterion is much weaker than the free software definition, much
+weaker also than the official definition of open source. It includes
+many programs that are neither free nor open source.</p>
+
+<p>Since the obvious meaning for “open source” is not the
+meaning that its advocates intend, the result is that most people
+misunderstand the term. According to writer Neal Stephenson,
+“Linux is ‘open source’ software meaning, simply,
+that anyone can get copies of its source code files.” I don't
+think he deliberately sought to reject or dispute the
+official definition. I think he simply applied the
+conventions of the English language to come up with a meaning for the
+term. The state of Kansas published a similar definition:
+<!-- It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
+that page is no longer available. --> “Make use of open-source
+software (OSS). OSS is software for which the source code is freely
+and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary
+as to what one is allowed to do with that code.”</p>
+
+<p>The <i>New York Times</i>
+has <a
+href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>
+run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</a> to refer to
+user beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and
+give confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers
+have practiced for decades.</p>
+
+<p>Open source supporters try to deal with this by pointing to their
+official definition, but that corrective approach is less effective
+for them than it is for us. The term “free software” has
+two natural meanings, one of which is the intended meaning, so a
+person who has grasped the idea of “free speech, not free
+beer” will not get it wrong again. But the term “open
+source” has only one natural meaning, which is different from
+the meaning its supporters intend. So there is no succinct way to
+explain and justify its official definition. That makes for worse
+confusion.</p>
+
+<p>Another misunderstanding of “open source” is the idea
+that it means “not using the GNU GPL.” This tends to
+accompany another misunderstanding that “free software”
+means “GPL-covered software.” These are both mistaken,
+since the GNU GPL qualifies as an open source license and most of the
+open source licenses qualify as free software licenses. There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html"> many free software
+licenses</a> aside from the GNU GPL.</p>
+
+<p>The term “open source” has been further stretched by
+its application to other activities, such as government, education,
+and science, where there is no such thing as source code, and where
+criteria for software licensing are simply not pertinent. The only
+thing these activities have in common is that they somehow invite
+people to participate. They stretch the term so far that it only
+means “participatory” or “transparent”, or
+less than that. At worst, it
+has <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html";>
+become a vacuous buzzword</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions…but Not Always</h3>
+
+<p>Radical groups in the 1960s had a reputation for factionalism: some
+organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy,
+and the two daughter groups treated each other as enemies despite
+having similar basic goals and values. The right wing made much of
+this and used it to criticize the entire left.</p>
+
+<p>Some try to disparage the free software movement by comparing our
+disagreement with open source to the disagreements of those radical
+groups. They have it backwards. We disagree with the open source
+camp on the basic goals and values, but their views and ours lead in
+many cases to the same practical behavior—such as developing
+free software.</p>
+
+<p>As a result, people from the free software movement and the open
+source camp often work together on practical projects such as software
+development. It is remarkable that such different philosophical views
+can so often motivate different people to participate in the same
+projects. Nonetheless, there are situations where these fundamentally
+different views lead to very different actions.</p>
+
+<p>The idea of open source is that allowing users to change and
+redistribute the software will make it more powerful and reliable.
+But this is not guaranteed. Developers of proprietary software are
+not necessarily incompetent. Sometimes they produce a program that
+is powerful and reliable, even though it does not respect the users'
+freedom. Free software activists and open source enthusiasts will
+react very differently to that.</p>
+
+<p>A pure open source enthusiast, one that is not at all influenced by
+the ideals of free software, will say, “I am surprised you were able
+to make the program work so well without using our development model,
+but you did. How can I get a copy?” This attitude will reward
+schemes that take away our freedom, leading to its loss.</p>
+
+<p>The free software activist will say, “Your program is very
+attractive, but I value my freedom more. So I reject your program.
+Instead I will support a project to develop a free
+replacement.” If we value our freedom, we can act to maintain and
+defend it.</p>
+
+<h3>Powerful, Reliable Software Can Be Bad</h3>
+
+<p>The idea that we want software to be powerful and reliable comes
+from the supposition that the software is designed to serve its users.
+If it is powerful and reliable, that means it serves them better.</p>
+
+<p>But software can be said to serve its users only if it respects
+their freedom. What if the software is designed to put chains on its
+users? Then powerfulness means the chains are more constricting,
+and reliability that they are harder to remove. Malicious features,
+such as spying on the users, restricting the users, back doors, and
+imposed upgrades are common in proprietary software, and some open
+source supporters want to implement them in open source programs.</p>
+
+<p>Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for
+individuals to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict
+them. This malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions
+Management (DRM) (see <a
+href="http://defectivebydesign.org/";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is
+the antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims
+to provide. And not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to
+trample your freedom, DRM developers try to make it hard, impossible,
+or even illegal for you to change the software that implements the DRM.</p>
+
+<p>Yet some open source supporters have proposed “open source
+DRM” software. Their idea is that, by publishing the source code
+of programs designed to restrict your access to encrypted media and by
+allowing others to change it, they will produce more powerful and
+reliable software for restricting users like you. The software would then
+be delivered to you in devices that do not allow you to change it.</p>
+
+<p>This software might be open source and use the open
+source development model, but it won't be free software since it
+won't respect the freedom of the users that actually run it. If the
+open source development model succeeds in making this software more
+powerful and reliable for restricting you, that will make it even
+worse.</p>
+
+<h3>Fear of Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>The main initial motivation of those who split off the open source
+camp from the free software movement was that the ethical ideas of
+“free software” made some people uneasy. That's true: raising
+ethical issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as
+convenience, is asking people to think about things they might prefer
+to ignore, such as whether their conduct is ethical. This can trigger
+discomfort, and some people may simply close their minds to it. It
+does not follow that we ought to stop talking about these issues.</p>
+
+<p>That is, however, what the leaders of open source
+decided to do. They figured that by keeping quiet about ethics and
+freedom, and talking only about the immediate practical benefits of
+certain free software, they might be able to “sell” the
+software more effectively to certain users, especially business.</p>
+
+<p>This approach has proved effective, in its own terms. The rhetoric
+of open source has convinced many businesses and individuals to use,
+and even develop, free software, which has extended our
+community—but only at the superficial, practical level. The
+philosophy of open source, with its purely practical values, impedes
+understanding of the deeper ideas of free software; it brings many
+people into our community, but does not teach them to defend it. That
+is good, as far as it goes, but it is not enough to make freedom
+secure. Attracting users to free software takes them just part of the
+way to becoming defenders of their own freedom.</p>
+
+<p>Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to
+proprietary software for some practical advantage. Countless
+companies seek to offer such temptation, some even offering copies
+gratis. Why would users decline? Only if they have learned to value
+the freedom free software gives them, to value freedom in and of itself
+rather than the technical and practical convenience of specific free
+software. To spread this idea, we have to talk about freedom. A
+certain amount of the “keep quiet” approach to business can be
+useful for the community, but it is dangerous if it becomes so common
+that the love of freedom comes to seem like an eccentricity.</p>
+
+<p>That dangerous situation is exactly what we have. Most people
+involved with free software, especially its distributors, say little about
+freedom—usually because they seek to be “more acceptable to
+business.” Nearly all GNU/Linux operating system distributions add
+proprietary packages to the basic free system, and they invite users to
+consider this an advantage rather than a flaw.</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary add-on software and partially nonfree GNU/Linux
+distributions find fertile ground because most of our community does
+not insist on freedom with its software. This is no coincidence.
+Most GNU/Linux users were introduced to the system through “open
+source” discussion, which doesn't say that freedom is a goal.
+The practices that don't uphold freedom and the words that don't talk
+about freedom go hand in hand, each promoting the other. To overcome
+this tendency, we need more, not less, talk about freedom.</p>
+
+<h3>Conclusion</h3>
+
+<p>As the advocates of open source draw new users into our community,
+we free software activists must shoulder the task of bringing the issue
+of freedom to their attention. We have to say, “It's
+free software and it gives you freedom!”—more and louder
+than ever. Every time you say “free software” rather than
+“open source,” you help our campaign.</p>
+
+<h4>Notes</h4>
+
+<!-- The article is incomplete (#793776) as of 21st January 2013.
+<p>
+Joe Barr's article,
+<a href="http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4";>“Live and
+let license,”</a> gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
+-->
+<p>
+Lakhani and Wolf's <a
+href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>
+paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> says that a
+considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be
+free. This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on
+SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical
+issue.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:32 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/why-free.ar-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/why-free.ar-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/why-free.ar-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.ar-en.html 12 May 2013 04:58:32 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Why Software Should Not Have Owners - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, Why Software Should Not Have Owners" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-free.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Why Software Should Not Have Owners</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it
+easier to copy and modify information. Computers promise to make this
+easier for all of us.</p>
+
+<p>
+Not everyone wants it to be easier. The system of copyright gives
+software programs “owners”, most of whom aim to withhold
+software's potential benefit from the rest of the public. They would
+like to be the only ones who can copy and modify the software that we
+use.</p>
+
+<p>
+The copyright system grew up with printing—a technology for
+mass-production copying. Copyright fit in well with this technology
+because it restricted only the mass producers of copies. It did not
+take freedom away from readers of books. An ordinary reader, who did
+not own a printing press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and
+few readers were sued for that.</p>
+
+<p>
+Digital technology is more flexible than the printing press: when
+information has digital form, you can easily copy it to share it with
+others. This very flexibility makes a bad fit with a system like
+copyright. That's the reason for the increasingly nasty and draconian
+measures now used to enforce software copyright. Consider these four
+practices of the Software Publishers Association (SPA):</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Massive propaganda saying it is wrong to disobey the owners to
+help your friend.</li>
+
+<li>Solicitation for stool pigeons to inform on their coworkers and
+colleagues.</li>
+
+<li>Raids (with police help) on offices and schools, in which people
+are told they must prove they are innocent of illegal copying.</li>
+
+<li>Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request) of people
+such as
+<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>'s
+David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of
+copying any), but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and
+failing to censor their use.<a href="#footnote1">[1]</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+All four practices resemble those used in the former Soviet Union,
+where every copying machine had a guard to prevent forbidden copying,
+and where individuals had to copy information secretly and pass it
+from hand to hand as samizdat. There is of course a difference: the
+motive for information control in the Soviet Union was political; in
+the US the motive is profit. But it is the actions that affect us,
+not the motive. Any attempt to block the sharing of information, no
+matter why, leads to the same methods and the same harshness.</p>
+
+<p>
+Owners make several kinds of arguments for giving them the power
+to control how we use information:</p>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li id="name-calling">Name calling.
+
+<p>
+Owners use smear words such as “piracy” and
+“theft”, as well as expert terminology such as
+“intellectual property” and “damage”, to
+suggest a certain line of thinking to the public—a simplistic
+analogy between programs and physical objects.</p>
+
+<p>
+Our ideas and intuitions about property for material objects are about
+whether it is right to <em>take an object away</em> from someone else. They
+don't directly apply to <em>making a copy</em> of something. But the owners
+ask us to apply them anyway.</p></li>
+
+<li id="exaggeration">Exaggeration.
+
+<p>
+Owners say that they suffer “harm” or “economic
+loss” when users copy programs themselves. But the copying has
+no direct effect on the owner, and it harms no one. The owner can
+lose only if the person who made the copy would otherwise have paid
+for one from the owner.</p>
+
+<p>
+A little thought shows that most such people would not have bought
+copies. Yet the owners compute their “losses” as if each
+and every one would have bought a copy. That is exaggeration—to
+put it kindly.</p></li>
+
+<li id="law">The law.
+
+<p>
+Owners often describe the current state of the law, and the harsh
+penalties they can threaten us with. Implicit in this approach is the
+suggestion that today's law reflects an unquestionable view of
+morality—yet at the same time, we are urged to regard these
+penalties as facts of nature that can't be blamed on anyone.</p>
+
+<p>
+This line of persuasion isn't designed to stand up to critical
+thinking; it's intended to reinforce a habitual mental pathway.</p>
+
+<p>
+It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong. Every American
+should know that, in the 1950s, it was against the law in many
+states for a black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only
+racists would say sitting there was wrong.</p></li>
+
+<li id="natural-rights">Natural rights.
+
+<p>
+Authors often claim a special connection with programs they have
+written, and go on to assert that, as a result, their desires and
+interests concerning the program simply outweigh those of anyone
+else—or even those of the whole rest of the world. (Typically
+companies, not authors, hold the copyrights on software, but we are
+expected to ignore this discrepancy.)</p>
+
+<p>
+To those who propose this as an ethical axiom—the author is more
+important than you—I can only say that I, a notable software
+author myself, call it bunk.</p>
+
+<p>
+But people in general are only likely to feel any sympathy with the
+natural rights claims for two reasons.</p>
+
+<p>
+One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects. When I
+cook spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I
+cannot eat it. His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits
+him; only one of us can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one?
+The smallest distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical
+balance.</p>
+
+<p>
+But whether you run or change a program I wrote affects you directly
+and me only indirectly. Whether you give a copy to your friend
+affects you and your friend much more than it affects me. I shouldn't
+have the power to tell you not to do these things. No one should.</p>
+
+<p>
+The second reason is that people have been told that natural rights
+for authors is the accepted and unquestioned tradition of our society.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a matter of history, the opposite is true. The idea of natural
+rights of authors was proposed and decisively rejected when the US
+Constitution was drawn up. That's why the Constitution only
+<em>permits</em> a system of copyright and does not <em>require</em>
+one; that's why it says that copyright must be temporary. It also
+states that the purpose of copyright is to promote progress—not
+to reward authors. Copyright does reward authors somewhat, and
+publishers more, but that is intended as a means of modifying their
+behavior.</p>
+
+<p>
+The real established tradition of our society is that copyright cuts
+into the natural rights of the public—and that this can only be
+justified for the public's sake.</p></li>
+
+<li id="economics">Economics.
+
+<p>
+The final argument made for having owners of software is that this
+leads to production of more software.</p>
+
+<p>
+Unlike the others, this argument at least takes a legitimate approach
+to the subject. It is based on a valid goal—satisfying the
+users of software. And it is empirically clear that people will
+produce more of something if they are well paid for doing so.</p>
+
+<p>
+But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption
+that the difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay.
+It assumes that <em>production of software</em> is what we want,
+whether the software has owners or not.</p>
+
+<p>
+People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our
+experiences with material objects. Consider a sandwich, for instance.
+You might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or
+for a price. If so, the amount you pay is the only difference.
+Whether or not you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste,
+the same nutritional value, and in either case you can only eat it
+once. Whether you get the sandwich from an owner or not cannot
+directly affect anything but the amount of money you have afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is true for any kind of material object—whether or not it
+has an owner does not directly affect what it <em>is</em>, or what you
+can do with it if you acquire it.</p>
+
+<p>
+But if a program has an owner, this very much affects what it is, and
+what you can do with a copy if you buy one. The difference is not
+just a matter of money. The system of owners of software encourages
+software owners to produce something—but not what society really
+needs. And it causes intangible ethical pollution that affects us
+all.</p></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+What does society need? It needs information that is truly available
+to its citizens—for example, programs that people can read, fix,
+adapt, and improve, not just operate. But what software owners
+typically deliver is a black box that we can't study or change.</p>
+
+<p>
+Society also needs freedom. When a program has an owner, the users
+lose freedom to control part of their own lives.</p>
+
+<p>
+And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary
+cooperation in its citizens. When software owners tell us that
+helping our neighbors in a natural way is “piracy”, they
+pollute our society's civic spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is why we say that
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>
+is a matter of freedom, not price.</p>
+
+<p>
+The economic argument for owners is erroneous, but the economic issue
+is real. Some people write useful software for the pleasure of
+writing it or for admiration and love; but if we want more software
+than those people write, we need to raise funds.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods
+of finding funds, with some success. There's no need to make anyone
+rich; a typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are
+less satisfying than programming.</p>
+
+<p>
+For years, until a fellowship made it unnecessary, I made a living
+from custom enhancements of the free software I had written. Each
+enhancement was added to the standard released version and thus
+eventually became available to the general public. Clients paid me so
+that I would work on the enhancements they wanted, rather than on the
+features I would otherwise have considered highest priority.</p>
+
+<p>
+Some free software developers make money by selling support services.
+In 1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that
+about 15 percent of its staff activity was free software
+development—a respectable percentage for a software company.</p>
+
+<p>
+In the early 1990s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas
+Instruments and Analog Devices combined to fund the continued
+development of the GNU C compiler. Most GCC development is still done
+by paid developers. The GNU compiler for the Ada language was funded
+in the 90s by the US Air Force, and continued since then by a company
+formed specifically for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>
+The free software movement is still small, but the example of
+listener-supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a
+large activity without forcing each user to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+program. If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to
+refuse. Cooperation is more important than copyright. But
+underground, closet cooperation does not make for a good society. A
+person should aspire to live an upright life openly with pride, and
+this means saying no to proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>
+You deserve to be able to cooperate openly and freely with other
+people who use software. You deserve to be able to learn how the
+software works, and to teach your students with it. You deserve to be
+able to hire your favorite programmer to fix it when it breaks.</p>
+
+<p>
+You deserve free software.</p>
+
+<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<ol>
+<li id="footnote1">The charges were subsequently dismissed.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<hr />
+<h4>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</h4>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/05/12 04:58:32 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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