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www/philosophy/po shouldbefree.nl.po
|
From: |
Tom Uijldert |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po shouldbefree.nl.po |
|
Date: |
Mon, 24 Dec 2012 15:08:13 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Tom Uijldert <tuijldert> 12/12/24 15:08:13
Added files:
philosophy/po : shouldbefree.nl.po
Log message:
Initial GNUN conversion
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.nl.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: shouldbefree.nl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: shouldbefree.nl.po
diff -N shouldbefree.nl.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ shouldbefree.nl.po 24 Dec 2012 15:08:12 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1769 @@
+# Dutch translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Tom Uijldert <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid "Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)"
+msgstr "Waarom Software Vrij Zou Moeten Zijn - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#| msgid "Why Software Should Be Free"
+msgid "Why Software Should Be Free"
+msgstr "Waarom Software Vrij Zou Moeten Zijn"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#| "strong></a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr "door <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a>"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Introduction"
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr "Introductie"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how decisions "
+#| "about its use should be made. For example, suppose one individual who "
+#| "has a copy of a program meets another who would like a copy. It is "
+#| "possible for them to copy the program; who should decide whether this is "
+#| "done? The individuals involved? Or another party, called the “"
+#| "owner”?"
+msgid "The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one individual
who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a copy. It is
possible for them to copy the program; who should decide whether this is done?
The individuals involved? Or another party, called the “owner”?"
+msgstr "Het bestaan van software leidt onherroepelijk tot de vraag hoe men
beslist over het gebruik ervan. Een individu bijvoorbeeld, met een kopie van
een programma, loopt iemand anders tegen het lijf die ook een kopie zou willen
hebben. Het is mogelijk om hiervan een kopie te maken; wie zou mogen beslissen
of dit ook gebeurd? De betreffende personen? Of een andere partij, te weten de
“eigenaar”?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Software developers typically consider these questions on the assumption "
+#| "that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers' profits. The "
+#| "political power of business has led to the government adoption of both "
+#| "this criterion and the answer proposed by the developers: that the "
+#| "program has an owner, typically a corporation associated with its "
+#| "development."
+msgid "Software developers typically consider these questions on the
assumption that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers'
profits. The political power of business has led to the government adoption of
both this criterion and the answer proposed by the developers: that the program
has an owner, typically a corporation associated with its development."
+msgstr "Softwareontwikkelaars gaan er doorgaans vanuit dat een beslissing
gebaseerd zal zijn op het maximaliseren van de winst voor de ontwikkelaar. De
politieke kracht van bedrijven heeft ertoe geleid dat de regering dit criterium
heeft overgenomen en ook het antwoord wat daarop gegeven wordt door de
ontwikkelaars: dat een programma een eigenaar heeft, meestal een bedrijf wat
betrokken was bij de ontwikkeling."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I would like to consider the same question using a different criterion: "
+#| "the prosperity and freedom of the public in general."
+msgid "I would like to consider the same question using a different criterion:
the prosperity and freedom of the public in general."
+msgstr "Ik zou graag diezelfde vraag in overweging willen nemen maar dan met
een ander uitgangspunt: de voorspoed en vrijheid van mensen in het algemeen."
+
+# | This answer cannot be decided by current [-law--the-] {+law—the+}
+# | law should conform to ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current
+# | practice decide this question, although it may suggest possible answers.
+# | The only way to judge is to see who is helped and who is hurt by
+# | recognizing owners of software, why, and how much. In other words, we
+# | should perform a cost-benefit analysis on behalf of society as a whole,
+# | taking account of individual freedom as well as production of material
+# | goods.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This answer cannot be decided by current law--the law should conform to "
+#| "ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current practice decide this "
+#| "question, although it may suggest possible answers. The only way to "
+#| "judge is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners of "
+#| "software, why, and how much. In other words, we should perform a cost-"
+#| "benefit analysis on behalf of society as a whole, taking account of "
+#| "individual freedom as well as production of material goods."
+msgid "This answer cannot be decided by current law—the law should
conform to ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current practice decide
this question, although it may suggest possible answers. The only way to judge
is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners of software, why,
and how much. In other words, we should perform a cost-benefit analysis on
behalf of society as a whole, taking account of individual freedom as well as
production of material goods."
+msgstr "De beslissing kan niet genomen worden door huidige wetgeving—de
wet dient de ethiek te volgen, niet andersom. De huidige manier van werken kan
dit ook niet beslissen, maar wel een mogelijke richting aangeven. De enige
manier om dit goed te kunnen beoordelen is door te kijken wie er mee is
geholpen (en waarom en hoeveel) en wie niet wanneer we erkennen dat software in
eigendom kan zijn. Oftewel, een kosten-baten analyse voor de maatschappij als
geheel, rekening houdend met individuele vrijheid alsook de productie van
materiële goederen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show "
+#| "that the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that programmers have "
+#| "the duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study, and improve "
+#| "the software we write: in other words, to write <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#| "free-sw.html\">“free” software</a>.<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>"
+msgid "In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show
that the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that programmers have the
duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study, and improve the
software we write: in other words, to write <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">“free” software</a>.<a
href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>"
+msgstr "In dit artikel zal ik de gevolgen beschrijven wanneer software in
eigendom wordt genomen en aantonen dat dit schadelijk is. Mijn conclusie is dat
programmeurs de plicht hebben om iedereen aan te moedigen de software die ze
maken te delen, te kopiëren, te bestuderen en te verbeteren: oftewel om <a
href= \"/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html\">“vrije” software</a> te
maken.<a href= \"#f1\">(1)</a>"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "How Owners Justify Their Power"
+msgid "How Owners Justify Their Power"
+msgstr "Hoe Eigenaren Hun Macht Rechtvaardigen"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property "
+#| "offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the "
+#| "emotional argument and the economic argument."
+msgid "Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the emotional
argument and the economic argument."
+msgstr "Degenen die baat hebben bij de huidige praktijk van programma's die
bezit vormen, komen met twee rechtvaardigingen hiervoor: een emotionele en een
economische."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The emotional argument goes like this: “I put my sweat, my heart, "
+#| "my soul into this program. It comes from <em>me</em>, it's <em>mine</em>!"
+#| "”"
+msgid "The emotional argument goes like this: “I put my sweat, my heart,
my soul into this program. It comes from <em>me</em>, it's
<em>mine</em>!”"
+msgstr "Het emotionele argument gaat als volgt: “Ik heb mijn bloed,
zweet en tranen in dit programma zitten. <em>Ik</em> heb het gemaakt, het is
van <em>mij</em>!”"
+
+# | This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of
+# | attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it is
+# | not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same programmers
+# | usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a salary; the
+# | emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast, consider the
+# | great artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't even sign their
+# | names to their work. To them, the name of the artist was not important.
+# | What mattered was that the work was [-done--and-] {+done—and+} the
+# | purpose it would serve. This view prevailed for hundreds of years.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of "
+#| "attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it "
+#| "is not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same "
+#| "programmers usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a "
+#| "salary; the emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast, "
+#| "consider the great artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't "
+#| "even sign their names to their work. To them, the name of the artist was "
+#| "not important. What mattered was that the work was done--and the purpose "
+#| "it would serve. This view prevailed for hundreds of years."
+msgid "This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of
attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it is not
inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same programmers usually
sign over all rights to a large corporation for a salary; the emotional
attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast, consider the great artists and
artisans of medieval times, who didn't even sign their names to their work. To
them, the name of the artist was not important. What mattered was that the
work was done—and the purpose it would serve. This view prevailed for
hundreds of years."
+msgstr "Dit argument hoeven we amper te weerleggen. De gehechtheid aan een
programma is iets wat programmeurs kunnen veinzen wanneer het ze uit komt; het
is niet onontkoombaar. Ga bijvoorbeeld maar eens na hoe makkelijk diezelfde
programmeurs al hun rechten inleveren bij een bedrijf in ruil voor een salaris;
de emotionele band met de programmatuur verdwijnt als sneeuw voor de zon. Zet
daar de grote kunstenaars en ambachtslieden uit de Middeleeuwen tegenover, die
hun werk niet eens signeerden. Voor hen was de naam van de kunstenaar niet
belangrijk. Wat van belang was was het werk dat gedaan moest worden—en
het doel dat dit diende. Zo heeft men er eeuwen tegenaan gekeken."
+
+# | The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich (usually
+# | described inaccurately as [-`making-] {+‘making+} a [-living'),-]
+# | {+living’),+} and if you don't allow me to get rich by programming,
+# | then I won't program. Everyone else is like me, so nobody will ever
+# | program. And then you'll be stuck with no programs at all!” This
+# | threat is usually veiled as friendly advice from the wise.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich (usually "
+#| "described inaccurately as `making a living'), and if you don't allow me "
+#| "to get rich by programming, then I won't program. Everyone else is like "
+#| "me, so nobody will ever program. And then you'll be stuck with no "
+#| "programs at all!” This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice "
+#| "from the wise."
+msgid "The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich
(usually described inaccurately as ‘making a living’), and if you
don't allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't program. Everyone else
is like me, so nobody will ever program. And then you'll be stuck with no
programs at all!” This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice from
the wise."
+msgstr "Het economische argument gaat als volgt: “Ik wil rijk worden
(vaak wat slordig omschreven als 'je brood verdienen'), en als je mij niet
toestaat rijk te worden door te programmeren dan ga ik niet programmeren.
Iedereen denkt er zo over dus niemand zal dan ooit programmeren. En dan zul je
dus geen programma's meer hebben!” Dit wordt meestal gebracht als een
vriendelijk advies van hen die het weten kunnen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to address "
+#| "an implicit assumption that is more visible in another formulation of the "
+#| "argument."
+msgid "I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to address
an implicit assumption that is more visible in another formulation of the
argument."
+msgstr "Ik zal later uitleggen waarom dit dreigement bluf is. Eerst wil ik het
hebben over een stille aanname die duidelijk wordt in een andere versie van
datzelfde argument."
+
+# | This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a proprietary
+# | program with that of no program, and then concludes that proprietary
+# | software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be
+# | encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two
+# | [-outcomes--proprietary-] {+outcomes—proprietary+} software [-vs.-]
+# | {+versus+} no [-software--and-] {+software—and+} assuming there are
+# | no other possibilities.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a proprietary "
+#| "program with that of no program, and then concludes that proprietary "
+#| "software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be "
+#| "encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two outcomes--"
+#| "proprietary software vs. no software--and assuming there are no other "
+#| "possibilities."
+msgid "This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a
proprietary program with that of no program, and then concludes that
proprietary software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be
encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two
outcomes—proprietary software versus no software—and assuming there
are no other possibilities."
+msgstr "Daarbij begint men het sociale nut van een privaat programma te
vergelijken met de situatie dat er geen programma is, waarbij men de conclusie
trekt dat, door de bank genomen, private software dus nut heeft en moet worden
gestimuleerd. De fout in deze redenering is dat men slechts twee mogelijkheden
vergelijkt— private software of geen software—en aanneemt dat er
geen andere alternatieven zijn."
+
+# | Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually
+# | linked with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. As
+# | long as this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of
+# | proprietary software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or
+# | inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy
+# | decision that we are questioning: the decision to have owners. To
+# | formulate the choice as between proprietary software [-vs.-] {+versus+} no
+# | software is begging the question.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually "
+#| "linked with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. "
+#| "As long as this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of "
+#| "proprietary software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or "
+#| "inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy "
+#| "decision that we are questioning: the decision to have owners. To "
+#| "formulate the choice as between proprietary software vs. no software is "
+#| "begging the question."
+msgid "Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually
linked with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use. As long
as this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of proprietary
software or none. However, this linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it is a
consequence of the specific social/legal policy decision that we are
questioning: the decision to have owners. To formulate the choice as between
proprietary software versus no software is begging the question."
+msgstr "Door het systeem van auteursrechten is de ontwikkeling van software
meestal geassocieerd met een eigenaar die bepaald hoe de software wordt
gebruikt. Zolang deze associatie bestaat hebben we dus meestal de keus tussen
private software of geen software. Deze associatie is echter geen wetmatigheid
of onontkoombaar: het is slechts het gevolg van onze sociale en juridische
beleidskeuze die we hier aan de tand voelen: de beslissing om eigenaren te
hebben. Door het neer te zetten als een keuze tussen private software of geen
software wordt de vraag ontweken."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The Argument against Having Owners"
+msgid "The Argument against Having Owners"
+msgstr "Argumenten tegen het Eigenaarschap"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked "
+#| "with having owners to restrict the use of it?”"
+msgid "The question at hand is, “Should development of software be
linked with having owners to restrict the use of it?”"
+msgstr "De vraag is dus, “moet het ontwikkelen van software gebonden
zijn aan het hebben van eigenaren die het gebruik ervan kunnen
limiteren?”."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of each "
+#| "of those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of developing "
+#| "the software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect of "
+#| "restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If one "
+#| "of these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be "
+#| "better off dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one."
+msgid "In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of each
of those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of developing the
software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect of
restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If one of
these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be better off
dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one."
+msgstr "Om dit te kunnen beoordelen moeten we het effect van beide
activiteiten op de maatschappij <em>afzonderlijk</em> bekijken: het effect van
het ontwikkelen van software (ongeacht hoe dit gedistribueerd wordt) en het
effect van het beperken van het gebruikersrecht (aannemende dat de software al
ontwikkeld is). Als één ervan ons verder helpt en een ander ons
schaadt dan zijn we beter af wanneer we de schadelijke activiteit stoppen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program "
+#| "already developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical software "
+#| "developer will reject the option of doing so."
+msgid "To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program
already developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical software
developer will reject the option of doing so."
+msgstr "Anders gezegd, als het beperken van het gebruikersrecht van een
programma dat al is ontwikkeld schadelijk is voor de gemeenschap dan zal een
gewetensvolle programmeur geen beperkingen in dat recht aanbrengen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare the "
+#| "value to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with that of "
+#| "the same program, available to everyone. This means comparing two "
+#| "possible worlds."
+msgid "To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare the
value to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with that of the
same program, available to everyone. This means comparing two possible worlds."
+msgstr "Om het effect van het beperken van het delen van programma's vast te
kunnen stellen moeten we vaststellen wat de waarde voor de gemeenschap is van
een programma met gebruikersbeperkingen (oftewel privaat) en dat van een
programma wat voor iedereen toegankelijk is. De twee mogelijkheden vergelijken
dus."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes made "
+#| "that “the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a "
+#| "program is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.” This "
+#| "counterargument assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in "
+#| "magnitude. The analysis involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows "
+#| "that the benefit is much greater."
+msgid "This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes made
that “the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a
program is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.” This counterargument
assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in magnitude. The analysis
involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows that the benefit is much
greater."
+msgstr "Deze analyse weerlegt ook een tegenargument wat soms wordt gebruikt
dat “het voordeel dat men heeft door je buurman een kopie van het
programma te geven teniet wordt gedaan door het nadeel dat je de eigenaar
berokkent”. Dit tegenargument veronderstelt dat de berokkende schade en
het verkregen voordeel even groot zijn. De analyse vergelijkt dus ook de ernst
van de gevolgen en zal aantonen dat het verkregen voordeel veel groter is dan
de berokkende schade."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road "
+#| "construction."
+msgid "To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road
construction."
+msgstr "Laten we de discussie ter verheldering eens toepassen op het bouwen
van wegen."
+
+# | It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls.
+# | This would entail having toll booths at all street corners. Such a system
+# | would provide a great incentive to improve roads. It would also have the
+# | virtue of causing the users of any given road to pay for that road.
+# | However, a toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth
+# | [-driving--artificial,-] {+driving—artificial,+} because it is not a
+# | consequence of how roads or cars work.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls. "
+#| "This would entail having toll booths at all street corners. Such a "
+#| "system would provide a great incentive to improve roads. It would also "
+#| "have the virtue of causing the users of any given road to pay for that "
+#| "road. However, a toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth "
+#| "driving--artificial, because it is not a consequence of how roads or cars "
+#| "work."
+msgid "It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls.
This would entail having toll booths at all street corners. Such a system
would provide a great incentive to improve roads. It would also have the
virtue of causing the users of any given road to pay for that road. However, a
toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth driving—artificial,
because it is not a consequence of how roads or cars work."
+msgstr "Het is mogelijk om het bouwen van wegen te financieren met tolheffing.
Hiervoor heb je tolhuisjes nodig op iedere kruising. Een dergelijk systeem
bevat een grote prikkel om wegen te verbeteren. Bijkomend voordeel is dat
alleen gebruikers van die weg ervoor hoeven te betalen. Een tolhuisje is echter
een kunstmatig obstakel op de weg—kunstmatig doordat het niets te maken
heeft met hoe wegen of auto's werken."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that "
+#| "(all else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to "
+#| "construct, cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.<a href="
+#| "\"#f2\">(2)</a> In a poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable "
+#| "to many citizens. The roads without toll booths thus offer more benefit "
+#| "to society at less cost; they are preferable for society. Therefore, "
+#| "society should choose to fund roads in another way, not by means of toll "
+#| "booths. Use of roads, once built, should be free."
+msgid "Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that
(all else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to construct,
cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.<a href=\"#f2\">(2)</a> In a
poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable to many citizens. The roads
without toll booths thus offer more benefit to society at less cost; they are
preferable for society. Therefore, society should choose to fund roads in
another way, not by means of toll booths. Use of roads, once built, should be
free."
+msgstr "Wanneer we vervolgens het nut van tolwegen met vrije wegen vergelijken
zien we dat (over het geheel genomen) wegen zonder tolhuisjes goedkoper zijn om
te bouwen en te exploiteren, veiliger zijn en efficiënter in gebruik <a
href= \"#f2\">(2)</a>. In arme landen zal tolheffing bepaalde bevolkingsgroepen
uitsluiten van het gebruik van deze wegen. Wegen zonder tolheffing geven dus
een groter voordeel voor de maatschappij tegen minder kosten; maatschappelijk
gezien verdient dit dus de voorkeur. Dus dient de maatschappij een andere
manier dan tolheffing te vinden voor het financieren van wegen. Het gebruik van
wegen zou, wanneer ze eenmaal gebouwd zijn, vrij moeten zijn."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When the advocates of toll booths propose them as <em>merely</em> a way "
+#| "of raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll booths "
+#| "do raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they "
+#| "degrade the road. The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving "
+#| "us more or technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this "
+#| "means substituting toll roads for free roads."
+msgid "When the advocates of toll booths propose them as <em>merely</em> a way
of raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll booths do
raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they degrade the
road. The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving us more or
technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this means substituting
toll roads for free roads."
+msgstr "Wanneer voorstanders van tolhuisjes dit voorstellen als
<em>slechts</em> een manier om de financiering rond te krijgen dan is dat niet
de hele waarheid. Tolhuisjes brengen wel geld op maar ze doen ook nog iets
anders: in feite verslechteren ze de weg. Een tolweg is niet zo goed als een
vrije weg; het bouwen van meer- of technisch betere wegen zou wel eens geen
vooruitgang kunnen zijn wanneer dit betekent dat vrije wegen worden vervangen
door tolwegen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the "
+#| "public must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability "
+#| "of toll booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for "
+#| "our money by buying a free road."
+msgid "Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the
public must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability of
toll booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for our money
by buying a free road."
+msgstr "Uiteraard is het bouwen van een weg niet gratis en zullen we die met
z'n allen moeten financieren. Dit betekent echter niet automatisch dat we
tolhuisjes moeten inzetten. Wij, die in beide gevallen voor de kosten moeten
opdraaien krijgen meer waar voor ons geld wanneer we een vrije weg kopen."
+
+# | I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all. That would
+# | be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the
+# | [-road--but-] {+road—but+} this is an unlikely policy for a toll
+# | collector. However, as long as the toll booths cause significant waste
+# | and inconvenience, it is better to raise the funds in a less obstructive
+# | fashion.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all. That "
+#| "would be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the road--"
+#| "but this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector. However, as long as "
+#| "the toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is better "
+#| "to raise the funds in a less obstructive fashion."
+msgid "I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all. That
would be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the
road—but this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector. However, as
long as the toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is better
to raise the funds in a less obstructive fashion."
+msgstr "Ik beweer hier niet dat een tolweg nog slechter is dan helemaal geen
weg. Dat zou alleen opgaan wanneer de tol zo hoog is dat bijna niemand hem zal
gebruiken —iets wat niet snel voor zal komen doordat het niet in het
voordeel is van de tolheffer. Zolang tolhuisjes echter voor oponthoud en
verspilling blijven zorgen is het raadzaam om wegen op een minder hinderlijke
manier te financieren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show that "
+#| "having “toll booths” for useful software programs costs "
+#| "society dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more "
+#| "expensive to distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use. It "
+#| "will follow that program construction should be encouraged in some other "
+#| "way. Then I will go on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to "
+#| "the extent actually necessary) funding software development."
+msgid "To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show
that having “toll booths” for useful software programs costs
society dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more
expensive to distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use. It will
follow that program construction should be encouraged in some other way. Then
I will go on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to the extent
actually necessary) funding software development."
+msgstr "Om deze redenering nu door te zetten naar software ontwikkeling zal ik
laten zien dat het de maatschappij behoorlijk wat schade berokkend wanneer we
dergelijke “tolhuisjes” opzetten voor nuttige programmatuur: het
maakt programma's duurder om te maken, duurder om te verspreiden en minder
bruikbaar en efficiënt. Hieruit zal blijken dat het maken van programma's
beter op een andere manier gestimuleerd kan worden. Daarna zal ik andere
methoden behandelen om softwareontwikkeling te stimuleren en (voor zover nodig)
te financieren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "The Harm Done by Obstructing Software"
+msgid "The Harm Done by Obstructing Software"
+msgstr "De Schade van Software met Beperkingen"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any "
+#| "necessary payments for its development have been made; now society must "
+#| "choose either to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use. "
+#| "Assume that the existence of the program and its availability is a "
+#| "desirable thing.<a href=\"#f3\">(3)</a>"
+msgid "Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any
necessary payments for its development have been made; now society must choose
either to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use. Assume that the
existence of the program and its availability is a desirable thing.<a
href=\"#f3\">(3)</a>"
+msgstr "Neem even aan dat een nieuw programma is gemaakt en alle rekeningen
voor de ontwikkeling ervan zijn voldaan; nu moet de maatschappij een keuze
maken tussen het privaat (auteursrechtelijk) maken van het programma of
toestaan dat het vrijelijk wordt gekopieerd en gebruikt. Laten we verder
aannemen dat het bestaan van het programma en de verkrijgbaarheid ervan
wenselijk is <a href=\"#f3\" >(3)</a>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program cannot "
+#| "facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can only be "
+#| "negative. But how much? And what kind?"
+msgid "Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program cannot
facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can only be
negative. But how much? And what kind?"
+msgstr "Beperkingen met betrekking tot de verspreiding of het veranderen van
het programma helpen niet in de verspreiding van het gebruik ervan. Het staat
dit maar in de weg. Het effect kan dus alleen maar negatief zijn. Maar hoe erg?
En op wat voor manier?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid "Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:"
+msgid "Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:"
+msgstr "Drie verschillende niveau's van materiële schade volgen uit
dergelijke beperkingen:"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid "Fewer people use the program."
+msgid "Fewer people use the program."
+msgstr "Minder mensen zullen het programma gebruiken."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid "None of the users can adapt or fix the program."
+msgid "None of the users can adapt or fix the program."
+msgstr "Geen enkele gebruiker kan het programma aanpassen of repareren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work on it."
+msgid "Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work on it."
+msgstr "Andere ontwikkelaars kunnen niets leren van dit programma of het
gebruiken als basis voor nieuwe ontwikkelingen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial harm. "
+#| "This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their "
+#| "subsequent feelings, attitudes, and predispositions. These changes in "
+#| "people's ways of thinking will then have a further effect on their "
+#| "relationships with their fellow citizens, and can have material "
+#| "consequences."
+msgid "Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial
harm. This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their
subsequent feelings, attitudes, and predispositions. These changes in people's
ways of thinking will then have a further effect on their relationships with
their fellow citizens, and can have material consequences."
+msgstr "Ieder niveau van materiële schade gaat ook gepaard met een zekere
psychosociale schade. Dit gaat om het fenomeen dat beslissingen van mensen
gevolgen hebben voor hun gevoelens, houding en gemoedstoestand. Dit soort
veranderingen in het denken van mensen zal op zijn beurt weer gevolgen hebben
op hun onderlinge relaties met anderen, wat weer tot materiële gevolgen
kan leiden."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the "
+#| "program could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they "
+#| "waste nearly all the value of the program, then writing the program harms "
+#| "society by at most the effort that went into writing the program. "
+#| "Arguably a program that is profitable to sell must provide some net "
+#| "direct material benefit."
+msgid "The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the
program could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they waste
nearly all the value of the program, then writing the program harms society by
at most the effort that went into writing the program. Arguably a program that
is profitable to sell must provide some net direct material benefit."
+msgstr "De drie niveau's van materiële schade doen afbreuk aan de
bijdrage van een programma maar niet zozeer dat er helemaal geen sprake meer is
van een bijdrage. Wanneer de afbreuk de bijdrage zou neutraliseren dan is de
maximale schade voor de gemeenschap gelijk aan de inspanning die het gekost
heeft om het programma te maken. Verder is aan te voeren dat een programma dat
winst maakt kennelijk iets toevoegt wat direct materieel resultaat oplevert."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there is no "
+#| "limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do."
+msgid "However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there is
no limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do."
+msgstr "Rekening houdend met de bijkomende psychosociale nadelen, is er geen
grens aan de mate waarin private software schade kan aanrichten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "Obstructing Use of Programs"
+msgid "Obstructing Use of Programs"
+msgstr "Gebruiksbeperkingen van Programma's"
+
+# | The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy of a
+# | program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing
+# | the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero price.
+# | A license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program. If a
+# | widely[---]{+ +}useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use
+# | it.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy of a "
+#| "program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing "
+#| "the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero "
+#| "price. A license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program. "
+#| "If a widely-useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it."
+msgid "The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy of
a program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing the
work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero price. A
license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program. If a widely
useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it."
+msgstr "Het eerste nadelige niveau heeft betrekking op het directe gebruik van
een programma. Een kopie van een programma kost bijna niets (en je kunt die
kosten nog drukken door zelf te kopiëren) dus in een vrije markt zou de
prijs bijna nul zijn. Een licentiebijdrage is een groot obstakel wanneer je het
programma wilt gebruiken. Wanneer een breed toepasbaar programma privaat is
zullen veel minder mensen het gebruiken."
+
+# | It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society is
+# | reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of the program,
+# | faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego use
+# | of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum transfer
+# | of wealth between two parties. But each time someone chooses to forego
+# | use of the program, this harms that person without benefit[-t-]ing anyone.
+# | The sum of negative numbers and zeros must be negative.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society is "
+#| "reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of the program, "
+#| "faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego "
+#| "use of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum "
+#| "transfer of wealth between two parties. But each time someone chooses to "
+#| "forego use of the program, this harms that person without benefitting "
+#| "anyone. The sum of negative numbers and zeros must be negative."
+msgid "It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society
is reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of the program,
faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego use of
the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum transfer of wealth
between two parties. But each time someone chooses to forego use of the
program, this harms that person without benefiting anyone. The sum of negative
numbers and zeros must be negative."
+msgstr "Het is eenvoudig aan te tonen dat de totale bijdrage van een programma
aan de gemeenschap wordt verminderd wanneer een programma een eigenaar krijgt.
Iedere potentiële gebruiker van het programma die wordt geconfronteerd met
de eis te betalen als ze het willen gebruiken zal een keuze maken: gebruiken of
niet. Wanneer de gebruiker beslist het te gebruiken en dus te betalen vind er
een neutrale overdracht van welvaart plaats tussen gebruiker en eigenaar.
Iedere keer echter dat een gebruiker het verkiest om niet te betalen en het dus
niet te gebruiken berokkent het die potentiële gebruiker schade zonder dat
iemand er ook profijt van heeft. De som van deze negatieve gevolgen en de
neutrale transacties kan dus alleen maar negatief zijn."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to <em>develop</em> "
+#| "the program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in "
+#| "delivered user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced."
+msgid "But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to
<em>develop</em> the program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole
process, in delivered user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced."
+msgstr "Dit verminderd echter niet de hoeveelheid werk die erin gaat zitten om
het programma te <em>ontwikkelen</em>. Resultaat hiervan is dus dat de mate van
efficiëntie achteruit gaat wanneer we kijken naar mate van gebruikers
tevredenheid per gewerkt uur."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and cars, "
+#| "chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material objects "
+#| "outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy; anyone can "
+#| "produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little effort. This "
+#| "isn't true for material objects because matter is conserved: each new "
+#| "copy has to be built from raw materials in the same way that the first "
+#| "copy was built."
+msgid "This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and cars,
chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material objects
outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy; anyone can produce
as many copies as are wanted, with very little effort. This isn't true for
material objects because matter is conserved: each new copy has to be built
from raw materials in the same way that the first copy was built."
+msgstr "Dit is een belangrijk verschil tussen kopieën van programma's en
auto's, stoelen of broodjes. Er bestaat geen kopieermachine voor
gebruiksvoorwerpen, behalve in science fiction. Programma's zijn echter
makkelijk te kopiëren; iedereen kan er zoveel maken als hij wil met
minimale inspanning. Dit gaat niet op voor voorwerpen omdat grondstoffen worden
gebruikt: iedere kopie moet net zo opgebouwd worden uit grondstoffen als het
origineel."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense, because "
+#| "fewer objects bought means less raw material and work needed to make "
+#| "them. It's true that there is usually also a startup cost, a development "
+#| "cost, which is spread over the production run. But as long as the "
+#| "marginal cost of production is significant, adding a share of the "
+#| "development cost does not make a qualitative difference. And it does not "
+#| "require restrictions on the freedom of ordinary users."
+msgid "With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense, because
fewer objects bought means less raw material and work needed to make them.
It's true that there is usually also a startup cost, a development cost, which
is spread over the production run. But as long as the marginal cost of
production is significant, adding a share of the development cost does not make
a qualitative difference. And it does not require restrictions on the freedom
of ordinary users."
+msgstr "Bij materiële voorwerpen is het logisch het gebruik te
ontmoedigen omdat minder voorwerpen ook betekent minder grondstoffen en minder
inspanning benodigd om het te maken. Er zijn meestal ook wel opstartkosten aan
verbonden maar die worden uitgesmeerd over de totale productie. Zolang deze
kosten marginaal zijn ten opzichte van de productiekosten zal het toevoegen van
de kosten voor ontwikkeling weinig verschil uitmaken op de kwaliteit. En het
vereist geen beperkingen op de vrijheid van reguliere gebruikers."
+
+# | However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is a
+# | qualitative change. A centrally[---]{+ +}imposed fee for software
+# | distribution becomes a powerful disincentive.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is a "
+#| "qualitative change. A centrally-imposed fee for software distribution "
+#| "becomes a powerful disincentive."
+msgid "However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is
a qualitative change. A centrally imposed fee for software distribution
becomes a powerful disincentive."
+msgstr "Echter, geld vragen voor iets wat anders gratis zou zijn is wel een
kwalitatieve verandering. Een centraal opgelegde bijdrage voor het verspreiden
van software ontmoedigd het gebruik sterk."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even as a "
+#| "means of delivering copies of software. This system involves enclosing "
+#| "physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping large numbers "
+#| "of them around the world, and storing them for sale. This cost is "
+#| "presented as an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part of the "
+#| "waste caused by having owners."
+msgid "What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even as
a means of delivering copies of software. This system involves enclosing
physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping large numbers of
them around the world, and storing them for sale. This cost is presented as an
expense of doing business; in truth, it is part of the waste caused by having
owners."
+msgstr "Sterker nog, het centraal verspreiden van de software, zoals nu
gebeurd, is niet erg efficiënt. Het systeem bevat het onnodig verpakken
van disks en tapes, ze in grote hoeveelheden over de wereld verschepen en
opslaan voor de verkoop. Deze kosten worden voorgesteld als noodzakelijke
zakelijke uitgaven, terwijl het deels verspilling is vanwege het feit dat we zo
nodig eigenaren van software moeten hebben."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "Damaging Social Cohesion"
+msgid "Damaging Social Cohesion"
+msgstr "Schadelijk voor de Maatschappelijke Betrokkenheid"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a "
+#| "certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel "
+#| "that proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it. "
+#| "A proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while "
+#| "restraining the other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should "
+#| "find it acceptable."
+msgid "Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a
certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel that
proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it. A proposal
to permit only one of you to use the program, while restraining the other, is
divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should find it acceptable."
+msgstr "Veronderstel dat zowel jij als je buurman het nuttig vinden om een
bepaald programma te gebruiken. Ethisch gezien zou je je verplicht moeten
voelen om het programma met je buurman te delen. Een voorstel om slechts
één van jullie toe te staan het programma te gebruiken en de
ander te beperken is onderscheidend; zowel jij als je buurman zouden dit
onacceptabel moeten vinden."
+
+# | Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your
+# | neighbor: “I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that
+# | I can have a copy for myself.” People who make such choices feel
+# | internal psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the
+# | importance of helping one's [-neighbors--thus-] {+neighbors—thus+}
+# | public spirit suffers. This is psychosocial harm associated with the
+# | material harm of discouraging use of the program.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your "
+#| "neighbor: “I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that "
+#| "I can have a copy for myself.” People who make such choices feel "
+#| "internal psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the "
+#| "importance of helping one's neighbors--thus public spirit suffers. This "
+#| "is psychosocial harm associated with the material harm of discouraging "
+#| "use of the program."
+msgid "Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your
neighbor: “I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that I can
have a copy for myself.” People who make such choices feel internal
psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the importance of
helping one's neighbors—thus public spirit suffers. This is psychosocial
harm associated with the material harm of discouraging use of the program."
+msgstr "Het ondertekenen van een doorsnee licentie overeenkomst staat gelijk
aan je buurman verraden: “Ik beloof mijn buurman dit programma te
onthouden zodat ik een kopie kan hebben voor alleen mezelf”. Wanneer
mensen die keuze maken voelen ze tegelijk een psychologische dwang om dit
gedrag te vergoelijken: door het belang van het helpen van je buurman te gaan
bagatelliseren— waarmee de maatschappelijke betrokkenheid in het gedrang
komt. Dit is dus psychosociale schade die voortkomt uit de materiële
schade als gevolg van de beperkingen in het gebruik van het programma."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so "
+#| "they decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway. "
+#| "But they often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must "
+#| "break the laws in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider the "
+#| "laws authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor (which "
+#| "they are) is naughty or shameful. That is also a kind of psychosocial "
+#| "harm, but one can escape it by deciding that these licenses and laws have "
+#| "no moral force."
+msgid "Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so
they decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway. But
they often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must break the laws
in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider the laws authoritative,
and they conclude that being a good neighbor (which they are) is naughty or
shameful. That is also a kind of psychosocial harm, but one can escape it by
deciding that these licenses and laws have no moral force."
+msgstr "Een hoop gebruikers herkennen het foute in het niet delen van software
en besluiten dus de licenties en wetten te laten voor wat ze zijn en toch tot
het delen van programma's over te gaan. Ze voelen zich daar echter vaak
schuldig over. Ze weten dat ze de wet moeten overtreden wanneer ze een goede
buur willen zijn, maar vinden wel dat mensen zich aan de wet moeten houden en
concluderen dus dat wanneer je een goede buur bent (en dat zijn ze) dit iets
slechts is om je over te schamen. Dat is ook een soort psychosociale schade die
je kunt ontlopen door aan te nemen dat licenties en wetten geen morele waarden
bevatten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users will "
+#| "not be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of cynicism "
+#| "or denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the work that he "
+#| "finds technically exciting; then when asked, “Will I be permitted "
+#| "to use it?”, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no. To "
+#| "avoid feeling discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the time "
+#| "or adopts a cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of it."
+msgid "Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users will
not be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of cynicism or
denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the work that he finds
technically exciting; then when asked, “Will I be permitted to use
it?”, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no. To avoid feeling
discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the time or adopts a cynical
stance designed to minimize the importance of it."
+msgstr "Programmeurs lijden ook psychosociale schade in de wetenschap dat veel
gebruikers hun programma's niet mogen gebruiken. Dit leidt tot cynisme en
ontkenning. Een programmeur kan enthousiast vertellen over het werk dat hij
technisch uitdagend vind; en dan, wanneer je hem de vraag stelt, “Mag ik
dat ook gebruiken?”, zie je z'n gezicht betrekken en toegeven dat het
antwoord nee is. Om de ontmoediging te ontlopen zal hij óf dit gegeven
meestal negeren óf hij neemt een cynische houding aan die het belang
ervan bagatelliseert."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States is "
+#| "not technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together for "
+#| "the public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the "
+#| "expense of the latter."
+msgid "Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States is
not technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together for the
public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the expense of the
latter."
+msgstr "Sinds het Reagan-tijdperk is de grootste schaarste in de Verenigde
Staten niet die van technische innovatie maar meer de bereidheid van mensen om
samen te werken voor het algemeen belang. Het slaat nergens op om het eerste te
stimuleren ten koste van het tweede."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "Obstructing Custom Adaptation of Programs"
+msgid "Obstructing Custom Adaptation of Programs"
+msgstr "Het Tegengaan van Lokale Wijzigingen in Programma's"
+
+# | The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs. The
+# | ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over older
+# | technology. But most commercially available software isn't available for
+# | modification, even after you buy it. It's available for you to take it or
+# | leave it, as a black [-box--that-] {+box—that+} is all.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs. "
+#| "The ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over "
+#| "older technology. But most commercially available software isn't "
+#| "available for modification, even after you buy it. It's available for "
+#| "you to take it or leave it, as a black box--that is all."
+msgid "The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs.
The ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over older
technology. But most commercially available software isn't available for
modification, even after you buy it. It's available for you to take it or
leave it, as a black box—that is all."
+msgstr "Het tweede niveau van materiële schade is de onmogelijkheid om
programma's aan te passen. Het gemak waarmee software aan kan worden gepast is
één van de grote voordelen ten opzichte van oudere technologie.
Maar de meeste commerciële software is niet verkrijgbaar in een vorm
waarin je het kunt wijzigen, zelfs niet nadat je het hebt gekocht. Het staat je
ter beschikking als een zwarte doos, slikken of stikken—dat is alles."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose meaning "
+#| "is obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily change the "
+#| "numbers to make the program do something different."
+msgid "A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose
meaning is obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily change the
numbers to make the program do something different."
+msgstr "Een programma dat je uitvoert bestaat uit een reeks obscure nummers.
Niemand, zelfs geen goede programmeur, is in staat om die nummers eenvoudig te
veranderen zodat het programma wat anders doet."
+
+# | Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a
+# | program, which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C.
+# | It uses names to designate the data being used and the parts of the
+# | program, and it represents operations with symbols such as [-`+'-]
+# | {+‘+’+} for addition and [-`-'-] {+‘-’+} for
+# | subtraction. It is designed to help programmers read and change programs.
+# | Here is an example; a program to calculate the distance between two
+# | points in a plane:
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a "
+#| "program, which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or "
+#| "C. It uses names to designate the data being used and the parts of the "
+#| "program, and it represents operations with symbols such as `+' for "
+#| "addition and `-' for subtraction. It is designed to help programmers "
+#| "read and change programs. Here is an example; a program to calculate the "
+#| "distance between two points in a plane:"
+msgid "Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a
program, which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C. It
uses names to designate the data being used and the parts of the program, and
it represents operations with symbols such as ‘+’ for addition and
‘-’ for subtraction. It is designed to help programmers read and
change programs. Here is an example; a program to calculate the distance
between two points in a plane:"
+msgstr "Programmeurs werken normaal gesproken met de “broncode”
van een programma dat geschreven is in een programmeertaal als Fortran of C.
Het gebruikt namen om data aan te duiden die wordt gebruikt en onderdelen van
het programma en het representeert berekeningen symbolisch zoals
‘+’ voor optellen en ‘-’ voor aftrekken. De taal is
ontworpen om programmeurs te helpen in het lezen en wijzigen van programma's.
Hieronder een voorbeeld van een programma om de afstand van twee punten in een
plat vlak tot elkaar te berekenen:"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+#| msgid ""
+#| " float\n"
+#| " distance (p0, p1)\n"
+#| " struct point p0, p1;\n"
+#| " {\n"
+#| " float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n"
+#| " float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n"
+#| " return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n"
+#| " }\n"
+msgid ""
+" float\n"
+" distance (p0, p1)\n"
+" struct point p0, p1;\n"
+" {\n"
+" float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n"
+" float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n"
+" return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n"
+" }\n"
+msgstr ""
+" float\n"
+" distance (p0, p1)\n"
+" struct point p0, p1;\n"
+" {\n"
+" float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;\n"
+" float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;\n"
+" return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);\n"
+" }\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Precisely what that source code means is not the point; the point is
that it looks like algebra, and a person who knows this programming language
will find it meaningful and clear. By contrast, here is same program in
executable form, on the computer I normally used when I wrote this:"
+msgstr "Wat die broncode precies inhoud is niet belangrijk: het gaat erom dat
het lijkt op algebra en iemand die de programmeertaal kent zal het duidelijk
vinden en begrijpen. Ter contrast hier hetzelfde programma in uitvoerbare vorm,
op de computer waarop ik het programma ook schreef:"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+#| msgid ""
+#| " 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n"
+#| " 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n"
+#| " -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n"
+#| " 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n"
+#| " 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n"
+msgid ""
+" 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n"
+" 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n"
+" -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n"
+" 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n"
+" 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n"
+msgstr ""
+" 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862\n"
+" 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208\n"
+" -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424\n"
+" 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495\n"
+" 572518958 -803143692 1314803317\n"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a program. "
+#| "But most users are not allowed to have copies of the source code. Usually "
+#| "the source code for a proprietary program is kept secret by the owner, "
+#| "lest anybody else learn something from it. Users receive only the files "
+#| "of incomprehensible numbers that the computer will execute. This means "
+#| "that only the program's owner can change the program."
+msgid "Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a
program. But most users are not allowed to have copies of the source code.
Usually the source code for a proprietary program is kept secret by the owner,
lest anybody else learn something from it. Users receive only the files of
incomprehensible numbers that the computer will execute. This means that only
the program's owner can change the program."
+msgstr "Broncode kan nuttig zijn (in potentie) voor iedere gebruiker van een
programma. Maar de meeste gebruikers mogen geen kopie van de broncode hebben.
Meestal wordt de broncode van een privaat programma geheim gehouden door de
eigenaar, iemand zou er eens wat van mogen opsteken. Gebruikers krijgen alleen
een kopie van de bestanden met de obscure nummers die een computer uitvoert.
Dit betekent dat alleen de eigenaar van het programma dit programma kan
veranderen."
+
+# | A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about six
+# | months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially
+# | available. She believed that if she could have gotten source code for
+# | that commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to
+# | their needs. The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted
+# | [-to--the-] {+to—the+} source code was a secret. So she had to do
+# | six months of make-work, work that counts in the GNP but was actually
+# | waste.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about six "
+#| "months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially "
+#| "available. She believed that if she could have gotten source code for "
+#| "that commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to "
+#| "their needs. The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted "
+#| "to--the source code was a secret. So she had to do six months of make-"
+#| "work, work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste."
+msgid "A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about
six months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially
available. She believed that if she could have gotten source code for that
commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to their
needs. The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted
to—the source code was a secret. So she had to do six months of
make-work, work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste."
+msgstr "Een vriend van me vertelde eens hoe hij, als programmeur voor een
bank, zes maanden bezig is geweest met het maken van een programma dat iets
soortgelijks deed als een commercieel verkrijgbaar programma. Zij was er van
overtuigd dat als ze toegang had gehad tot de broncode, ze het eenvoudig had
kunnen aanpassen op hun behoeften. De bank wilde er voor betalen maar mocht dit
niet —de broncode was geheim. Dus moest ze zes maanden bouwen aan een
imitatie, werk dat wel meetelt in het BNP maar eigenlijk gewoon weggegooid geld
is."
+
+# | The [-MIT-] {+<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of
+# | Technology\">MIT</abbr>+} Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a
+# | graphics printer as a gift from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free
+# | software to which we added many convenient features. For example, the
+# | software would notify a user immediately on completion of a print job.
+# | Whenever the printer had trouble, such as a paper jam or running out of
+# | paper, the software would immediately notify all users who had print jobs
+# | queued. These features facilitated smooth operation.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer "
+#| "as a gift from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software to which "
+#| "we added many convenient features. For example, the software would "
+#| "notify a user immediately on completion of a print job. Whenever the "
+#| "printer had trouble, such as a paper jam or running out of paper, the "
+#| "software would immediately notify all users who had print jobs queued. "
+#| "These features facilitated smooth operation."
+msgid "The <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr>
Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a gift from
Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software to which we added many
convenient features. For example, the software would notify a user immediately
on completion of a print job. Whenever the printer had trouble, such as a
paper jam or running out of paper, the software would immediately notify all
users who had print jobs queued. These features facilitated smooth operation."
+msgstr "Het <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr>
laboratorium voor kunstmatige intelligentie kreeg een grafische printer
geschonken door Xerox rond 1977. Het werd bestuurd door vrije software waarin
we vele aanpassingen maakten die voor ons nuttig waren. De software meldde
bijvoorbeeld meteen terug aan de gebruiker wanneer hij klaar was met een
uitdraai. Zodra de printer problemen had, klem zittend papier of papier op,
meldde de software dit onmiddellijk aan alle gebruikers die een uitdraai hadden
klaarstaan. Dit soort handigheidjes zorgde voor een glad verloop van het
print-proces."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first "
+#| "laser printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a "
+#| "separate dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite "
+#| "features. We could arrange to send a notification when a print job was "
+#| "sent to the dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually printed "
+#| "(and the delay was usually considerable). There was no way to find out "
+#| "when the job was actually printed; you could only guess. And no one was "
+#| "informed when there was a paper jam, so the printer often went for an "
+#| "hour without being fixed."
+msgid "Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first
laser printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a separate
dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite features. We could
arrange to send a notification when a print job was sent to the dedicated
computer, but not when the job was actually printed (and the delay was usually
considerable). There was no way to find out when the job was actually printed;
you could only guess. And no one was informed when there was a paper jam, so
the printer often went for an hour without being fixed."
+msgstr "Wat later doneerde Xerox een snellere printer, een van de eerste laser
printers, aan het laboratorium. Hij werd aangestuurd door private software die
op een aparte computer liep waardoor we onze favoriete aanpassingen niet toe
konden passen. We konden instellen dat er een melding kwam wanneer er een
uitdraai naar de printer werd gestuurd maar niet wanneer het uiteindelijk op de
printer belandde (bovendien was de vertraging van die melding meestal groot).
Er was geen enkele manier om te achterhalen of een uitdraai ook daadwerkelijk
gelukt was; hier kon je alleen maar naar raden. En niemand kreeg een melding
wanneer er papier klem zat dus dat kon wel eens een uur duren voordat iemand
dat door had."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such "
+#| "problems, probably as capable as the original authors of the program. "
+#| "Xerox was uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we "
+#| "were forced to accept the problems. They were never fixed."
+msgid "The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such
problems, probably as capable as the original authors of the program. Xerox
was uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we were forced to
accept the problems. They were never fixed."
+msgstr "De systeemprogrammeurs op het laboratorium waren prima in staat om dit
soort extra functionaliteit toe te voegen, waarschijnlijk net zo goed als de
makers van het programma. Xerox wilde dit niet oplossen en koos ervoor
oplossingen van ons tegen te houden. We werden dus gedwongen deze problemen te
accepteren, ze werden nooit opgelost."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank could "
+#| "afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from scratch, but a "
+#| "typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up."
+msgid "Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank
could afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from scratch, but a
typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up."
+msgstr "De meeste goede programmeurs kennen deze frustratie. De bank kon het
zich veroorloven het probleem op te lossen middels het opnieuw schrijven van
een programma maar een doorsnee gebruiker, hoe capabel ook, kan het alleen maar
opgeven."
+
+# | Giving up causes psychosocial [-harm--to-] {+harm—to+} the spirit of
+# | self-reliance. It is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot
+# | rearrange to suit your needs. It leads to resignation and discouragement,
+# | which can spread to affect other aspects of one's life. People who feel
+# | this way are unhappy and do not do good work.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Giving up causes psychosocial harm--to the spirit of self-reliance. It "
+#| "is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange to suit your "
+#| "needs. It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can spread to "
+#| "affect other aspects of one's life. People who feel this way are unhappy "
+#| "and do not do good work."
+msgid "Giving up causes psychosocial harm—to the spirit of
self-reliance. It is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange
to suit your needs. It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can
spread to affect other aspects of one's life. People who feel this way are
unhappy and do not do good work."
+msgstr "Het opgeven leidt tot psychosociale schade—in je gevoel van
zelfstandigheid. Het is frustrerend om in een huis te wonen dat je niet zelf
mag inrichten. Het leidt tot berusting en moedeloosheid, die je kwaliteit van
leven weer beïnvloeden. Mensen die zich zo voelen zijn niet gelukkig en
presteren slecht."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same fashion "
+#| "as software. You might say, “How do I change this recipe to take "
+#| "out the salt?” and the great chef would respond, “How dare "
+#| "you insult my recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to "
+#| "tamper with it? You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and make "
+#| "it work right!”"
+msgid "Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same
fashion as software. You might say, “How do I change this recipe to take
out the salt?” and the great chef would respond, “How dare you
insult my recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to tamper with
it? You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and make it work
right!”"
+msgstr "Stel je voor dat men met recepten op dezelfde manier om zou gaan als
met software. Je zou dan op kunnen merken, “Hoe kan ik dit recept
veranderen zodat er minder zout in zit?” en de machtige chef zou
antwoorden, “ Hoe durf je mijn recept te beledigen, het product van mijn
brein en verhemelte, door ermee te gaan knoeien? Jij kunt zo'n verandering
helemaal niet inschatten en er het juiste resultaat uit krijgen!”"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do? "
+#| "Will you take out the salt for me?”"
+msgid "“But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do?
Will you take out the salt for me?”"
+msgstr "“Maar ik mag helemaal geen zout van de dokter! Wat kan ik
hieraan doen? Wil jij het er voor me uit halen?”"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.” Since "
+#| "the owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large. “"
+#| "However, right now I don't have time. I am busy with a commission to "
+#| "design a new recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department. I might "
+#| "get around to you in about two years.”"
+msgid "“I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.” Since
the owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large.
“However, right now I don't have time. I am busy with a commission to
design a new recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department. I might get
around to you in about two years.”"
+msgstr "“Natuurlijk, met alle liefde, en ik reken slechts 50.000 euro
voor een dergelijke wijziging”. Omdat een eigenaar het monopolie heeft op
wijzigingen zijn de tarieven meestal hoog. “Helaas heb ik nu echter even
geen tijd hiervoor. Ik ben bezig met een opdracht voor de marine om nieuw
scheepsbeschuit te ontwerpen. Over ongeveer twee jaar heb ik wel weer
tijd”."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "Obstructing Software Development"
+msgid "Obstructing Software Development"
+msgstr "Software Ontwikkeling Tegenwerken"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The third level of material harm affects software development. Software "
+#| "development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would take "
+#| "an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then "
+#| "another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, "
+#| "this continued over a period of twenty years. Meanwhile, parts of the "
+#| "program would be “cannibalized” to form the beginnings of "
+#| "other programs."
+msgid "The third level of material harm affects software development.
Software development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would
take an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then
another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, this
continued over a period of twenty years. Meanwhile, parts of the program would
be “cannibalized” to form the beginnings of other programs."
+msgstr "Het derde niveau van materiële schade betreft software
ontwikkeling. Software ontwikkeling was vroeger een evolutionair proces
waarbij iemand een bestaand programma nam en daarin wijzigingen en toevoegingen
aanbracht voor een bepaalde nieuwe toepassing. Vervolgens gebruikte een ander
dat resultaat weer om op zijn beurt wijzigingen en toevoegingen aan te brengen
voor weer een andere toepassing: in sommige gevallen ging dat wel twintig jaar
zo door. Intussen werden delen van dat programma weer
“gekannibaliseerd” om te gebruiken als basis voor weer een nieuw
programma."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it "
+#| "necessary to start from scratch when developing a program. It also "
+#| "prevents new practitioners from studying existing programs to learn "
+#| "useful techniques or even how large programs can be structured."
+msgid "The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it
necessary to start from scratch when developing a program. It also prevents
new practitioners from studying existing programs to learn useful techniques or
even how large programs can be structured."
+msgstr "Het bestaan van eigenaren houdt dit soort evolutie tegen waardoor het
noodzakelijk wordt een nieuw programma van de grond af op te bouwen. Het laat
ook niet toe dat nieuwe programmeurs bestaande programma's bestuderen om
daarvan nuttige technieken te leren, of zelfs hoe grote programma's in elkaar
zitten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in computer "
+#| "science who have never seen the source code of a large program. They may "
+#| "be good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the "
+#| "different skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have "
+#| "done it."
+msgid "Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in computer
science who have never seen the source code of a large program. They may be
good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different
skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it."
+msgstr "Eigenaren houden ook scholing tegen. Ik heb studenten computer science
ontmoet die nog nooit de broncode van een groot programma hebben gezien. Ze
zullen wellicht goed zijn in het maken van kleine programma's maar ze kunnen
nog niet eens de vaardigheden beginnen aan te leren van het schrijven van grote
programma's wanneer ze niet de kans krijgen te zien hoe anderen dit gedaan
hebben."
+
+# | In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on
+# | the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the
+# | software [-field--you-] {+field—you+} can only stand on the
+# | shoulders of the other people <em>in your own company</em>.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on "
+#| "the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the "
+#| "software field--you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people "
+#| "<em>in your own company</em>."
+msgid "In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on
the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the
software field—you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people
<em>in your own company</em>."
+msgstr "In welk intellectueel streven dan ook kan men alleen grote hoogten
bereiken op de schouders van anderen. Maar dat mag over het algemeen niet meer
in de wereld van de software—je kan alleen op de schouders staan van
anderen <em>in je eigen bedrijf</em>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific "
+#| "cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate "
+#| "even when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese "
+#| "oceanographers abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully "
+#| "preserved their work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note "
+#| "asking them to take good care of it."
+msgid "The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific
cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate even
when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese oceanographers
abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully preserved their work
for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note asking them to take good care of
it."
+msgstr "De resulterende psychosociale schade is van invloed op de geest van
wetenschappelijke samenwerking die vroeger zo sterk was dat het zelfs oorlogen
oversteeg. Zo was het mogelijk dat Japanse oceanografen die hun laboratorium op
een pacifisch eiland moesten verlaten hun werk zorgvuldig beschermd probeerden
achter te laten voor de binnenvallende Amerikaanse mariniers met een briefje
erbij met het verzoek hier goed voor te zorgen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared. "
+#| "Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers "
+#| "to enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough "
+#| "to let readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is "
+#| "certainly true in computer science, where the source code for the "
+#| "programs reported on is usually secret."
+msgid "Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared.
Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers to
enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough to let
readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is certainly true in
computer science, where the source code for the programs reported on is usually
secret."
+msgstr "Het gevecht om winst heeft kapotgemaakt wat internationale oorlogen
nooit is gelukt. Tegenwoordig publiceren wetenschappers in vele disciplines
niet voldoende informatie meer in hun scripties om anderen in staat te stellen
het experiment te herhalen. Ze publiceren net genoeg zodat anderen kunnen
bewonderen wat ze allemaal wel niet bereikt hebben. Dit geldt zeker voor de
computerwetenschappen, waar de broncode waarover men schrijft meestal geheim
is."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted"
+msgid "It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted"
+msgstr "Het Maakt Niet Uit Hoe Het Delen Wordt Beperkt"
+
+# | I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying,
+# | changing, and building on a program. I have not specified how this
+# | obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion.
+# | Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or
+# | encryption, or [-ROM-] {+<acronym title=\"Read-only
+# | Memory\">ROM</acronym>+} cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it
+# | <em>succeeds</em> in preventing use, it does harm.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying, "
+#| "changing, and building on a program. I have not specified how this "
+#| "obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion. "
+#| "Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or "
+#| "encryption, or ROM cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</"
+#| "em> in preventing use, it does harm."
+msgid "I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying,
changing, and building on a program. I have not specified how this obstruction
is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion. Whether it is done
by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or encryption, or <acronym
title=\"Read-only Memory\">ROM</acronym> cards, or hardware serial numbers, if
it <em>succeeds</em> in preventing use, it does harm."
+msgstr "Ik heb de gevolgen besproken die het heeft wanneer mensen verboden
wordt om programma's te kopiëren, wijzigen of uitbouwen. Ik heb het niet
gehad over hoe men dit verbiedt want dat maakt voor de gevolgen niets uit. Of
het nu gebeurd via kopieerbeveiligingen, auteursrecht, licenties,
versleuteling, <acronym title=\"Read-only Memory\">ROM</acronym> kaarten of
hardware serienummers, als het <em>lukt</em> om gebruik te voorkomen, dan
berokkent het schade."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others. I "
+#| "suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their "
+#| "objective."
+msgid "Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others. I
suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their objective."
+msgstr "Gebruikers vinden sommige methoden hinderlijker dan andere methodes.
Ik zou zeggen dat de meest hinderlijke methode degene is die het daadwerkelijk
lukt ons van het gebruik af te houden."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "Software Should be Free"
+msgid "Software Should be Free"
+msgstr "Software Zou Vrij Moeten Zijn"
+
+# | I have shown how ownership of a [-program--the-] {+program—the+}
+# | power to restrict changing or copying [-it--is-] {+it—is+}
+# | obstructive. Its negative effects are widespread and important. It
+# | follows that society shouldn't have owners for programs.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I have shown how ownership of a program--the power to restrict changing "
+#| "or copying it--is obstructive. Its negative effects are widespread and "
+#| "important. It follows that society shouldn't have owners for programs."
+msgid "I have shown how ownership of a program—the power to restrict
changing or copying it—is obstructive. Its negative effects are
widespread and important. It follows that society shouldn't have owners for
programs."
+msgstr "Ik heb aangetoond dat het in eigendom hebben van een
programma—de macht om gebruik of distributie te
verbieden—belemmerend werkt. Er zijn veel belangrijke negatieve effecten
aan verbonden. Hieruit volgt dat de maatschappij het in eigendom hebben van
programma's beter niet kan hebben."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free "
+#| "software, and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging the "
+#| "substitute is not a rational way to get what we need."
+msgid "Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free
software, and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging the
substitute is not a rational way to get what we need."
+msgstr "Een andere manier om dit te zeggen is dat de maatschappij vrije
software nodig heeft en dat private software een slechte vervanger is. Gebruik
van het surrogaat aanmoedigen om te krijgen wat we nodig hebben is niet
logisch."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Vaclav Havel has advised us to “Work for something because it is "
+#| "good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed.” A business "
+#| "making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow "
+#| "terms, but it is not what is good for society."
+msgid "Vaclav Havel has advised us to “Work for something because it is
good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed.” A business making
proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow terms, but it
is not what is good for society."
+msgstr "Vaclav Havel adviseerde ons al om te “Werken voor iets omdat het
goed is, niet alleen omdat het een kans van slagen heeft”. Een bedrijf
dat private software maakt heeft kans van slagen op zijn eigen beperkte terrein
maar dat is niet goed voor de maatschappij."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Why People Will Develop Software"
+msgid "Why People Will Develop Software"
+msgstr "Waarom Mensen Software Zullen Maken"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging people to develop "
+#| "software, at first less software will be developed, but that software "
+#| "will be more useful. It is not clear whether the overall delivered user "
+#| "satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to increase it "
+#| "anyway, there are other ways to encourage development, just as there are "
+#| "ways besides toll booths to raise money for streets. Before I talk about "
+#| "how that can be done, first I want to question how much artificial "
+#| "encouragement is truly necessary."
+msgid "If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging people to develop
software, at first less software will be developed, but that software will be
more useful. It is not clear whether the overall delivered user satisfaction
will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to increase it anyway, there are
other ways to encourage development, just as there are ways besides toll booths
to raise money for streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I
want to question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary."
+msgstr "Wanneer we het auteursrecht uitschakelen als motivator voor mensen om
software te ontwikkelen zal er in eerste instantie minder software worden
ontwikkeld maar die software zal wel bruikbaarder zijn. Het is nog niet
duidelijk of de tevredenheid onder gebruikers zal afnemen; maar als dat zo is,
of wanneer we het sowieso willen verhogen, dan zijn er andere methoden om het
maken van software te stimuleren. Net als er andere manieren dan alleen
tolhuisjes zijn om financiering voor straten los te krijgen. Voordat we die
alternatieven gaan bekijken wil ik eerst eens vaststellen hoeveel kunstmatige
stimulering er eigenlijk echt nodig is."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "Programming is Fun"
+msgid "Programming is Fun"
+msgstr "Programmeren is Leuk"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money; road "
+#| "construction, for example. There are other fields of study and art in "
+#| "which there is little chance to become rich, which people enter for their "
+#| "fascination or their perceived value to society. Examples include "
+#| "mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and political "
+#| "organizing among working people. People compete, more sadly than "
+#| "bitterly, for the few funded positions available, none of which is funded "
+#| "very well. They may even pay for the chance to work in the field, if "
+#| "they can afford to."
+msgid "There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money; road
construction, for example. There are other fields of study and art in which
there is little chance to become rich, which people enter for their fascination
or their perceived value to society. Examples include mathematical logic,
classical music, and archaeology; and political organizing among working
people. People compete, more sadly than bitterly, for the few funded positions
available, none of which is funded very well. They may even pay for the chance
to work in the field, if they can afford to."
+msgstr "Er zijn een aantal beroepen die men alleen voor geld zou willen doen;
wegwerker bijvoorbeeld. Er zijn ook andere studies en kunstrichtingen waar men
nooit rijk van zal worden maar waar mensen van gefascineerd zijn of denken een
goede bijdrage aan de maatschappij mee te kunnen leveren. Voorbeelden daarvan
zijn mathematische logica, klassieke muziek en archeologie. Mensen concurreren,
meer tot hun verdriet dan bitter, om de paar honderd plekken die te vergeven
zijn en niet erg goed worden betaald. Ze zullen soms zelfs betalen voor de kans
om op dat gebied werkzaam te zijn, als ze het zich kunnen veroorloven."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the "
+#| "possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand "
+#| "the same opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing "
+#| "what they used to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by, "
+#| "everyone connected with the field will deride the idea that work would be "
+#| "done in the field without large financial returns. They will advise "
+#| "social planners to ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing "
+#| "special privileges, powers, and monopolies as necessary to do so."
+msgid "Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the
possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand the same
opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing what they used
to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by, everyone connected
with the field will deride the idea that work would be done in the field
without large financial returns. They will advise social planners to ensure
that these returns are possible, prescribing special privileges, powers, and
monopolies as necessary to do so."
+msgstr "Een dergelijke discipline kan volledig veranderen wanneer het de
mogelijkheid biedt om rijk te worden. Als één werker rijk wordt
gaan de anderen hetzelfde willen. Al snel zal iedereen grote bedragen vragen
voor het werk dat ze voorheen voor hun plezier deden. Na nog wat jaren zullen
ze eenieder uitlachen die het idee oppert dat het werk ook kan worden gedaan
zonder grote financiële compensaties. Ze zullen overheden oproepen
maatregelen te treffen om hun inkomsten veilig te stellen met voorstellen over
speciale voorrechten, machtigingen en monopolies en suggereren dat dit nodig
is."
+
+# | This change happened in the field of computer programming in the [-past
+# | decade. Fifteen years ago,-] {+1980s. In the 1970s,+} there were
+# | articles on “computer addiction”: users were
+# | “onlining” and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was
+# | generally understood that people frequently loved programming enough to
+# | break up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one
+# | would program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what
+# | they knew [-fifteen years ago.-] {+back then.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This change happened in the field of computer programming in the past "
+#| "decade. Fifteen years ago, there were articles on “computer "
+#| "addiction”: users were “onlining” and had hundred-"
+#| "dollar-a-week habits. It was generally understood that people frequently "
+#| "loved programming enough to break up their marriages. Today, it is "
+#| "generally understood that no one would program except for a high rate of "
+#| "pay. People have forgotten what they knew fifteen years ago."
+msgid "This change happened in the field of computer programming in the 1980s.
In the 1970s, there were articles on “computer addiction”: users
were “onlining” and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was
generally understood that people frequently loved programming enough to break
up their marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one would
program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what they knew
back then."
+msgstr "Deze verandering vond plaats in het programmeervak gedurende de jaren
tachtig. In de zevertiger jaren verschenen er artikelen over “computer
verslaving”: gebruikers waren de hele tijd “online” en
ontwikkelden honderd-euro-per-week gewoontes. Het was algemeen bekend dat
mensen zoveel van programmeren hielden dat het hun het huwelijk kostte.
Tegenwoordig programmeert er niemand meer zonder daar zwaar voor te worden
betaald. Mensen zijn vergeten wat ze toen wisten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a certain "
+#| "field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic of change "
+#| "can run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we take away the "
+#| "possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the people have "
+#| "readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager to work in the "
+#| "field for the joy of accomplishment."
+msgid "When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a certain
field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic of change can
run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we take away the
possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the people have
readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager to work in the field
for the joy of accomplishment."
+msgstr "Wanneer de meeste mensen in een vakgebied alleen willen werken voor
veel geld wil dat nog niet zeggen dat dit niet kan veranderen. Het proces kan
worden omgekeerd wanneer de maatschappij hier de stimulansen voor aanlevert.
Wanneer we de mogelijkheid wegnemen om in het vakgebied vreselijk rijk te
worden dan zal men na een tijdje, wanneer mensen aan de nieuwe situatie gewend
zijn geraakt, weer gemotiveerd raken om in dit vakgebied voor de lol te werken."
+
+# | The question[-,-] “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an
+# | easier question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a
+# | fortune. A mere living is easier to raise.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The question, “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an easier "
+#| "question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a "
+#| "fortune. A mere living is easier to raise."
+msgid "The question “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an
easier question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a
fortune. A mere living is easier to raise."
+msgstr "De vraag “Hoe kunnen we onze programmeurs betalen?” wordt
makkelijker te beantwoorden wanneer we ons realiseren dat ze geen fortuin
hoeven te verdienen. Een normaal salaris om van te leven is voldoende."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "Funding Free Software"
+msgid "Funding Free Software"
+msgstr "Het Financieren van Vrije Software"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses. "
+#| "Many other institutions already exist that can do this."
+msgid "Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses.
Many other institutions already exist that can do this."
+msgstr "Instituten die programmeurs betalen hoeven niet persé
softwarebedrijven te zijn. Vele andere bestaande organisaties kunnen dit ook
doen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software development "
+#| "even if they cannot control the use of the software. In 1970, much of "
+#| "their software was free because they did not consider restricting it. "
+#| "Today, their increasing willingness to join consortiums shows their "
+#| "realization that owning the software is not what is really important for "
+#| "them."
+msgid "Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software
development even if they cannot control the use of the software. In 1970, much
of their software was free because they did not consider restricting it. Today,
their increasing willingness to join consortiums shows their realization that
owning the software is not what is really important for them."
+msgstr "Hardware fabrikanten vinden het belangrijk om software ontwikkeling te
steunen ook al hebben ze zelf geen zeggenschap over die software. In 1970 was
veel van hun software vrij omdat ze niet op het idee kwamen er beperkingen op
te leggen. Tegenwoordig, met hun neiging consortia te vormen, wordt duidelijk
dat ze zich realiseren dat het in eigendom hebben van software niet belangrijk
is voor ze."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Universities conduct many programming projects. Today they often sell "
+#| "the results, but in the 1970s they did not. Is there any doubt that "
+#| "universities would develop free software if they were not allowed to sell "
+#| "software? These projects could be supported by the same government "
+#| "contracts and grants that now support proprietary software development."
+msgid "Universities conduct many programming projects. Today they often sell
the results, but in the 1970s they did not. Is there any doubt that
universities would develop free software if they were not allowed to sell
software? These projects could be supported by the same government contracts
and grants that now support proprietary software development."
+msgstr "Universiteiten voeren veel programmeerprojecten uit. Tegenwoordig
verkopen ze vaak de resultaten maar in 1970 deden ze dat nog niet. Is er iemand
die betwijfelt of universiteiten vrije software zouden ontwikkelen wanneer ze
geen software mogen verkopen? Dit soort projecten zou gefinancierd kunnen
worden met dezelfde overheidssubsidies en beurzen die nu worden gebruikt voor
het ontwikkelen van private software."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It is common today for university researchers to get grants to develop a "
+#| "system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call that “"
+#| "finished”, and then start companies where they really finish the "
+#| "project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare the unfinished "
+#| "version “free”; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead "
+#| "get an exclusive license from the university. This is not a secret; it "
+#| "is openly admitted by everyone concerned. Yet if the researchers were "
+#| "not exposed to the temptation to do these things, they would still do "
+#| "their research."
+msgid "It is common today for university researchers to get grants to develop
a system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call that
“finished”, and then start companies where they really finish the
project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare the unfinished version
“free”; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead get an
exclusive license from the university. This is not a secret; it is openly
admitted by everyone concerned. Yet if the researchers were not exposed to the
temptation to do these things, they would still do their research."
+msgstr "Het is gewoonte geworden bij onderzoekers om subsidie te krijgen voor
het ontwikkelen van een systeem, dit net niet af te maken en het dan
“af” te verklaren. Om vervolgens een bedrijf te starten, waarin het
project daadwerkelijk wordt afgemaakt en het systeem bruikbaar gemaakt. Soms
verklaren ze de half voltooide versie nog “vrij”; maar wanneer ze
totaal corrupt zijn onderhandelen ze in plaats daarvan met de universiteit over
een exclusieve licentie. Dit is geen geheim; het wordt openlijk toegegeven door
alle betrokkenen. Wanneer onderzoekers echter niet in de verleiding worden
gebracht om dit soort dingen te doen, zouden ze nu nog steeds onderzoek doen."
+
+# | Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling
+# | services related to the software. I have been hired to port the <a
+# | [-href=\"/software/gcc/gcc.html\">GNU-] {+href=\"/software/gcc/\">GNU+} C
+# | compiler</a> to new hardware, and to make user-interface extensions to <a
+# | [-href=\"/software/emacs/emacs.html\">GNU-]
+# | {+href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU+} Emacs</a>. (I offer these improvements
+# | to the public once they are done.) I also teach classes for which I am
+# | paid.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling "
+#| "services related to the software. I have been hired to port the <a href="
+#| "\"/software/gcc/gcc.html\">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and to "
+#| "make user-interface extensions to <a href=\"/software/emacs/emacs.html"
+#| "\">GNU Emacs</a>. (I offer these improvements to the public once they "
+#| "are done.) I also teach classes for which I am paid."
+msgid "Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling
services related to the software. I have been hired to port the <a
href=\"/software/gcc/\">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and to make
user-interface extensions to <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU Emacs</a>. (I
offer these improvements to the public once they are done.) I also teach
classes for which I am paid."
+msgstr "Programmeurs die vrije software maken kunnen hun kostje bij elkaar
scharrelen door gerelateerde services te verkopen bij hun software. Ikzelf ben
ingehuurd om de <a href=\"/software/gcc/\">GNU C compiler</a> geschikt te maken
voor nieuwe hardware en voor het uitbreiden van de gebruikersinterface van <a
href= \"/software/emacs/\">GNU Emacs</a> (Ik geef deze verbeteringen weer vrij
wanneer ze ontwikkeld zijn). Ik geef ook betaald les."
+
+# | I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing
+# | corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other companies
+# | also provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system.
+# | This is the beginning of the independent software support [-industry--an-]
+# | {+industry—an+} industry that could become quite large if free
+# | software becomes prevalent. It provides users with an option generally
+# | unavailable for proprietary software, except to the very wealthy.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing "
+#| "corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other companies "
+#| "also provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system. "
+#| "This is the beginning of the independent software support industry--an "
+#| "industry that could become quite large if free software becomes "
+#| "prevalent. It provides users with an option generally unavailable for "
+#| "proprietary software, except to the very wealthy."
+msgid "I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing
corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other companies also
provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system. This is the
beginning of the independent software support industry—an industry that
could become quite large if free software becomes prevalent. It provides users
with an option generally unavailable for proprietary software, except to the
very wealthy."
+msgstr "Ik ben niet de enige die zo werkt; er is nu een succesvol en groeiend
bedrijfje dat alleen dit soort werk doet. Verschillende andere bedrijven bieden
nu ook commerciële ondersteuning aan voor de vrije software van het GNU
systeem. Dit is het begin van een onafhankelijke software support
industrie—een industrietak die heel groot zou kunnen worden wanneer vrije
software de voorkeur krijgt. Het geeft gebruikers een optie die meestal niet
beschikbaar is voor private software, behalve voor de heel rijken."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software "
+#| "Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's funds "
+#| "come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes "
+#| "is free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and "
+#| "change it, but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that “"
+#| "free software” refers to freedom, not to price.) Some users who "
+#| "already have a copy order tapes as a way of making a contribution they "
+#| "feel we deserve. The Foundation also receives sizable donations from "
+#| "computer manufacturers."
+msgid "New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software
Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's funds come
from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on the tapes is free,
which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and change it, but many
nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall that “free software” refers
to freedom, not to price.) Some users who already have a copy order tapes as a
way of making a contribution they feel we deserve. The Foundation also
receives sizable donations from computer manufacturers."
+msgstr "Nieuwe instellingen zoals de <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software
Foundation</a> (de stichting voor vrije software) kunnen ook programmeurs
sponsoren. De inkomsten van deze stichting zijn voornamelijk afkomstig van
gebruikers die tapes met software bestellen via de postorder. De software op de
tapes is vrij, wat inhoudt dat men deze mag wijzigen en kopiëren maar
velen betalen toch voor de kopie (“vrije” software slaat op
vrijheid in het gebruik, niet vrij van kosten). Sommige gebruikers die al een
kopie hebben bestellen toch de tapes, hun manier om een bijdrage te doen voor
de goede zaak. De stichting krijgt ook grote schenkingen van
computerfabrikanten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on "
+#| "hiring as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a "
+#| "business, distributing the same free software to the public for the same "
+#| "fee, it would now provide a very good living for its founder."
+msgid "The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on
hiring as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a business,
distributing the same free software to the public for the same fee, it would
now provide a very good living for its founder."
+msgstr "De Free Software Foundation is een liefdadige instelling en zijn
inkomsten worden besteedt aan het inhuren van zoveel mogelijk programmeurs.
Wanneer het was opgezet als een zakelijke onderneming, waarbij dezelfde
software voor dezelfde vergoeding werd gedistribueerd, dan had dit de oprichter
nauwelijks in zijn levensonderhoud kunnen voorzien."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the "
+#| "Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this "
+#| "because we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction in "
+#| "knowing that their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of all, "
+#| "they do it because programming is fun. In addition, volunteers have "
+#| "written many useful programs for us. (Even technical writers have begun "
+#| "to volunteer.)"
+msgid "Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the
Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this because we
are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction in knowing that
their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of all, they do it because
programming is fun. In addition, volunteers have written many useful programs
for us. (Even technical writers have begun to volunteer.)"
+msgstr "Omdat de stichting een liefdadig doel is werken programmeurs vaak voor
de helft van de prijs die ze elders kunnen krijgen. Dit doen ze omdat we
gevrijwaard zijn van bureaucratie en omdat het ze een goed gevoel geeft om
software te maken die vrijelijk gebruikt kan worden. Maar ze doen het vooral
omdat ze programmeren leuk vinden. Daarbovenop zijn er ook vrijwilligers die
menig nuttig programma hebben bijgedragen (zelfs technisch schrijvers hebben
zich als vrijwilliger gemeld)."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all "
+#| "fields, along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one will "
+#| "want to program."
+msgid "This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all
fields, along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one will want
to program."
+msgstr "Dit bewijst dat programmeren een fascinerend vak is, net zo
fascinerend als muziek en kunst. We hoeven ons geen zorgen te maken dat straks
niemand meer wil programmeren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid "What Do Users Owe to Developers?"
+msgid "What Do Users Owe to Developers?"
+msgstr "Wat Zijn Gebruikers Ontwikkelaars Verschuldigd?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral obligation "
+#| "to contribute to its support. Developers of free software are "
+#| "contributing to the users' activities, and it is both fair and in the "
+#| "long-term interest of the users to give them funds to continue."
+msgid "There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral obligation
to contribute to its support. Developers of free software are contributing to
the users' activities, and it is both fair and in the long-term interest of the
users to give them funds to continue."
+msgstr "Het is terecht dat gebruikers zich moreel verplicht voelen om bij te
dragen aan de ontwikkelingen. Ontwikkelaars van vrije software dragen bij aan
de activiteiten van gebruikers en dus is het in het directe belang van
gebruikers, ook op de langere termijn, om financieel hieraan bij te dragen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers, since "
+#| "obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward."
+msgid "However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers, since
obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward."
+msgstr "Dit gaat echter niet op voor ontwikkelaars van private software.
Hinderlijk gedrag dient bestraft te worden, niet beloond."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled to "
+#| "the support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral obligation "
+#| "into a requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A developer "
+#| "can either deserve a reward or demand it, but not both."
+msgid "We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled to
the support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral obligation into a
requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A developer can either
deserve a reward or demand it, but not both."
+msgstr "We hebben hier dus een paradox: de ontwikkelaar van nuttige software
heeft recht op steun van de gebruikers maar iedere poging deze morele plicht om
te zetten in een eis doet de plicht teniet. Een ontwikkelaar kan een beloning
verdienen of vragen maar niet beide tegelijk."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act so "
+#| "as to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for voluntary "
+#| "donations. Eventually the users will learn to support developers without "
+#| "coercion, just as they have learned to support public radio and "
+#| "television stations."
+msgid "I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act so
as to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for voluntary
donations. Eventually the users will learn to support developers without
coercion, just as they have learned to support public radio and television
stations."
+msgstr "Ik ben van mening dat een ethisch verantwoorde programmeur die met
deze paradox wordt geconfronteerd zich dusdanig op moet stellen dat hij de
beloning verdient maar tegelijkertijd gebruikers op hun gemoed moet spelen door
aan te dringen op vrijwillige bijdragen. Uiteindelijk zullen gebruikers
automatisch programmeurs steunen zonder morele druk, net zoals ze dat nu doen
met publieke radio- en televisiestations."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "What Is Software Productivity?"
+msgid "What Is Software Productivity?"
+msgstr "Wat Is Software Productiviteit?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps "
+#| "fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?"
+msgid "If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?"
+msgstr "Wanneer software vrij zou zijn zouden er nog steeds programmeurs zijn
maar wellicht minder dan nu. Zou dit slecht voor de maatschappij zijn?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than in "
+#| "1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few "
+#| "deliver more food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call "
+#| "this improved productivity. Free software would require far fewer "
+#| "programmers to satisfy the demand, because of increased software "
+#| "productivity at all levels:"
+msgid "Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than in
1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few deliver more
food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call this improved
productivity. Free software would require far fewer programmers to satisfy the
demand, because of increased software productivity at all levels:"
+msgstr "Niet persé. Tegenwoordig hebben de ontwikkelde landen minder
boeren dan in 1900 maar we zien dit niet als zijnde slecht voor de maatschappij
want de weinige boeren die we hebben leveren meer voedsel richting consument
dan de vele die we hadden. We noemen dit toegenomen produktiviteit. We zouden
ook toe kunnen met minder programmeurs van vrije software door de toegenomen
produktiviteit op alle niveaus:"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid "Wider use of each program that is developed."
+msgid "Wider use of each program that is developed."
+msgstr "Wijder verspreid gebruik van programma's die worden ontwikkeld."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead of "
+#| "starting from scratch."
+msgid "The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead of
starting from scratch."
+msgstr "De mogelijkheid bestaande programma's aan te passen aan specifieke
behoeftes in plaats van telkens overnieuw beginnen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid "Better education of programmers."
+msgid "Better education of programmers."
+msgstr "Betere opleiding van programmeurs."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid "The elimination of duplicate development effort."
+msgid "The elimination of duplicate development effort."
+msgstr "Het wegnemen van dubbele ontwikkel-inspanningen."
+
+# | Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the employment
+# | of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased productivity.
+# | Yet these people usually accept the widely[---]{+ +}held belief that the
+# | software industry needs increased productivity. How is this?
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the "
+#| "employment of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased "
+#| "productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely-held belief "
+#| "that the software industry needs increased productivity. How is this?"
+msgid "Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the
employment of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased
productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely held belief that the
software industry needs increased productivity. How is this?"
+msgstr "Degenen die tegen samenwerking zijn met de bewering dat dit leidt tot
minder emplooi voor programmeurs hebben dus eigenlijk bezwaar tegen een toename
in produktiviteit. Meestal onderschrijven ze echter wel de algemeen gangbare
stelling dat de softwareindustrie meer produktiviteit nodig heeft. Hoe kan dat?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Software productivity” can mean two different things: the "
+#| "overall productivity of all software development, or the productivity of "
+#| "individual projects. Overall productivity is what society would like to "
+#| "improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the "
+#| "artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it. But researchers who "
+#| "study the field of “software productivity” focus only on the "
+#| "second, limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult "
+#| "technological advances."
+msgid "“Software productivity” can mean two different things: the
overall productivity of all software development, or the productivity of
individual projects. Overall productivity is what society would like to
improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the
artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it. But researchers who study
the field of “software productivity” focus only on the second,
limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult technological
advances."
+msgstr "“Produktiviteit in software” kan op twee dingen betrekking
hebben: de algemene produktiviteit van alle software ontwikkelingen of de
produktiviteit van individuele projecten. De maatschappij wil graag de algemene
produktiviteit verhogen en de simpelste manier om dit te bereiken is door het
afschaffen van kunstmatige belemmeringen in samenwerking. Maar onderzoekers die
het probleem van “produktiviteit in software” onderzoeken spitsen
het onderzoek toe op de tweede, meer beperkte, interpretatie die moeilijke
technologische oplossingen behoeven."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Is Competition Inevitable?"
+msgid "Is Competition Inevitable?"
+msgstr "Is Concurrentie Onvermijdelijk?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their rivals "
+#| "in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not harmful; the "
+#| "harmful thing is <em>combat</em>."
+msgid "Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not harmful; the
harmful thing is <em>combat</em>."
+msgstr "Is het onvermijdelijk dat mensen zullen proberen te concurreren met
hun rivalen in de maatschappij? Misschien wel. Maar concurrentie is niet
schadelijk; het schadelijke element is <em>vechten</em>."
+
+# | There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying to
+# | achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in the
+# | old days, there was competition among programming [-wizards--competition-]
+# | {+wizards—competition+} for who could make the computer do the most
+# | amazing thing, or for who could make the shortest or fastest program for a
+# | given task. This kind of competition can benefit everyone, <em>as long
+# | as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship is maintained.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying to "
+#| "achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in the "
+#| "old days, there was competition among programming wizards--competition "
+#| "for who could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who "
+#| "could make the shortest or fastest program for a given task. This kind "
+#| "of competition can benefit everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of "
+#| "good sportsmanship is maintained."
+msgid "There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying to
achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in the old
days, there was competition among programming wizards—competition for who
could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who could make the
shortest or fastest program for a given task. This kind of competition can
benefit everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship is
maintained."
+msgstr "Er zijn vele manieren om te concurreren. Concurrentie kan eruit
bestaan dat men probeert steeds meer te bereiken dan tot nu toe of dingen beter
te doen dan anderen. Vroeger was er bijvoorbeeld concurrentie tussen
programmeertalenten —wedstrijdjes wie de computer de meest verbazende
dingen kon laten doen, of wie het kortste of snelste programma kon maken
gegeven een bepaalde taak. Dit soort competitie kan iedereen tot nut zijn,
<em>zolang men hier maar sportief mee om gaat</em>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to "
+#| "great efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have "
+#| "visited all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to do "
+#| "this. But they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on "
+#| "desert islands. They are content to let the best person win."
+msgid "Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to
great efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have
visited all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to do this.
But they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on desert islands.
They are content to let the best person win."
+msgstr "Opbouwende concurrentie is voldoende competitie om mensen te
stimuleren tot grote dingen. Een aantal mensen streven ernaar om de eerste te
zijn die alle landen op de wereld heeft bezocht; sommigen geven er zelfs
fortuinen aan uit. Maar ze zullen geen kapiteins omkopen om hun rivalen te
laten stranden op verlaten eilanden. Ze hebben er vrede mee dat de beste zal
winnen."
+
+# | Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede
+# | each other instead of advancing [-themselves--when-]
+# | {+themselves—when+} “Let the best person win” gives way
+# | to “Let me win, best or not.” Proprietary software is harmful,
+# | not because it is a form of competition, but because it is a form of
+# | combat among the citizens of our society.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede "
+#| "each other instead of advancing themselves--when “Let the best "
+#| "person win” gives way to “Let me win, best or not.” "
+#| "Proprietary software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, "
+#| "but because it is a form of combat among the citizens of our society."
+msgid "Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede
each other instead of advancing themselves—when “Let the best
person win” gives way to “Let me win, best or not.”
Proprietary software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, but
because it is a form of combat among the citizens of our society."
+msgstr "Concurrentie wordt vechten wanneer rivalen elkaar gaan proberen te
verhinderen iets te bereiken in plaats van te proberen zelf wat te
bereiken—wanneer “dat de beste mag winnen” veranderd in
“laat mij winnen, ongeacht of ik de beste ben”. Private software is
schadelijk, niet omdat het een manier van concurreren is maar een vorm van
vechten tussen mensen in de maatschappij."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when two "
+#| "grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own "
+#| "operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a "
+#| "special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for "
+#| "combat in this line of business short of physical violence. Not all "
+#| "areas of business share this characteristic. Withholding information "
+#| "that could help everyone advance is a form of combat."
+msgid "Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when
two grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own
operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a special
commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for combat in this
line of business short of physical violence. Not all areas of business share
this characteristic. Withholding information that could help everyone advance
is a form of combat."
+msgstr "Zakelijke concurrentie is niet per definitie vechten. Wanneer
bijvoorbeeld twee groentewinkels met elkaar concurreren is al hun inspanning
gericht op het verbeteren van hun eigen bedrijfsvoering, niet op het saboteren
van de ander. Dit is echter geen demonstratie van zakelijk fatsoen; het is
meer zo dat er weinig mogelijkheid is om te vechten, behalve het gebruik van
fysiek geweld. Niet alle zakelijke sectoren zitten zo in elkaar. Het
achterhouden van informatie die iedereen zou kunnen helpen is een vorm van
vechten."
+
+# | Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to
+# | combat the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with
+# | anti[---]trust laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than
+# | generalizing this to a principled rejection of combat in general,
+# | executives invent other forms of combat which are not specifically
+# | prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic equivalent
+# | of factional civil war.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to "
+#| "combat the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with anti-"
+#| "trust laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than "
+#| "generalizing this to a principled rejection of combat in general, "
+#| "executives invent other forms of combat which are not specifically "
+#| "prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic "
+#| "equivalent of factional civil war."
+msgid "Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to
combat the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with antitrust
laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than generalizing this
to a principled rejection of combat in general, executives invent other forms
of combat which are not specifically prohibited. Society's resources are
squandered on the economic equivalent of factional civil war."
+msgstr "Zakelijke ideologie bereidt het publiek niet voor op het weerstaan van
verleidingen om de concurrentie de loef af te steken. Sommige vormen van
concurrentie of strijd zijn bij wet verboden zoals concurrentievervalsing,
liegen bij het adverteren enzovoorts maar in plaats van dit breder te trekken
door bij wet dit soort strijd in het algemeen te verbieden, bedenken
zakenmensen steeds nieuwe vormen van strijd die niet specifiek zijn verboden.
Maatschappelijke gelden worden zo verkwist aan een economische equivalent van
burgeroorlog."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”"
+msgid "“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”"
+msgstr "“Waarom Verkas je niet naar Rusland?”"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme form of "
+#| "laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For example, "
+#| "it is leveled against the supporters of a national health care system, "
+#| "such as is found in all the other industrialized nations of the free "
+#| "world. It is leveled against the advocates of public support for the "
+#| "arts, also universal in advanced nations. The idea that citizens have "
+#| "any obligation to the public good is identified in America with "
+#| "Communism. But how similar are these ideas?"
+msgid "In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme form
of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For example, it
is leveled against the supporters of a national health care system, such as is
found in all the other industrialized nations of the free world. It is leveled
against the advocates of public support for the arts, also universal in
advanced nations. The idea that citizens have any obligation to the public
good is identified in America with Communism. But how similar are these ideas?"
+msgstr "Iedere voorstander in de Verenigde Staten van meer dan een minimale
overheidsbemoeienis heeft dit vaak te horen gekregen. Het wordt geuit tegen
voorstanders van meer overheidsbemoeienis met de gezondheidszorg, iets dat alle
andere ontwikkelde landen wel hebben. Het wordt geuit tegen voorstanders van
meer ondersteuning vanuit de overheid voor kunst, ook gebruikelijk in alle
andere ontwikkelde landen. Het idee dat inwoners wat voor verplichting dan ook
hebben richting de maatschappij wordt gelijkgesteld aan communisme. Maar in
hoeverre lijken die ideeën op elkaar?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of central "
+#| "control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the common "
+#| "good, but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist party. "
+#| "And where copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent illegal "
+#| "copying."
+msgid "Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of central
control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the common good, but
actually for the sake of the members of the Communist party. And where copying
equipment was closely guarded to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr "Het communisme, zoals dat in de Sovjet Unie werd gebezigd was een
centraal gestuurd systeem waar alle activiteit was gereguleerd, onder het mom
dat het goed was voor de gemeenschap maar feitelijk alleen voor de leden van de
communistische partij. En waar kopieerapparatuur zwaar werd bewaakt om illegaal
kopiëren tegen te gaan."
+
+# | The American system of software copyright exercises central control over
+# | distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with [-<a
+# | href=\"http://www.digitalspeech.org/\";>automatic-] {+automatic+}
+# | copying-protection [-schemes</a>-] {+schemes+} to prevent illegal copying.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The American system of software copyright exercises central control over "
+#| "distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with <a href="
+#| "\"http://www.digitalspeech.org/\";>automatic copying-protection schemes</"
+#| "a> to prevent illegal copying."
+msgid "The American system of software copyright exercises central control
over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with automatic
copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr "Het Amerikaanse systeem van auteursrecht oefent totale controle uit op
het distribueren van een programma en bewaakt het kopiëren met
automatische kopieerbeveiligingen om illegaal kopiëren tegen te gaan."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to "
+#| "decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, "
+#| "and free to alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily "
+#| "lives. A system based on voluntary cooperation and on decentralization."
+msgid "By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to
decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, and free
to alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily lives. A system
based on voluntary cooperation and on decentralization."
+msgstr "Daarentegen ben ik een systeem aan het bouwen waarbij mensen vrij zijn
om zelf te beslissen wat ze ermee gaan doen; vooral vrij zijn om hun buren te
helpen en vrij zijn om de hulpmiddelen die ze in hun dagelijks leven gebruiken
te veranderen en verbeteren naar eigen believen. Een systeem, gebaseerd op
vrijwillige samenwerking en decentralisatie."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian Communism, "
+#| "it is the software owners who are the Communists."
+msgid "Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists."
+msgstr "Wanneer we dus inzichten beoordelen op hun gelijkenis met het
Russische communisme dan zijn het de eigenaren van software die de communisten
zijn."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The Question of Premises"
+msgid "The Question of Premises"
+msgstr "De Juiste Uitgangspunten"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no less "
+#| "important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other words, "
+#| "their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide which course "
+#| "of action is best."
+msgid "I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no less
important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other words, their
interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide which course of action is
best."
+msgstr "In dit artikel ga ik er van uit dat de gebruiker van software niet
minder belangrijk is dan een auteur of zelfs de werkgever van een auteur. Met
andere woorden, ons besluit voor de juiste actie is gebaseerd op het
uitgangspunt dat hun belangen even groot zijn."
+
+# | This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an author's
+# | employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else. They say, for
+# | example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the
+# | author's employer the advantage he [-deserves--regardless-]
+# | {+deserves—regardless+} of how this may affect the public.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an author's "
+#| "employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else. They say, for "
+#| "example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the "
+#| "author's employer the advantage he deserves--regardless of how this may "
+#| "affect the public."
+msgid "This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an
author's employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else. They say,
for example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the
author's employer the advantage he deserves—regardless of how this may
affect the public."
+msgstr "Dit uitgangspunt wordt niet door iedereen gedeeld. Velen houden vol
dat de belangen van een werkgever belangrijker zijn dan ieder ander. Ze beweren
bijvoorbeeld dat het doel van het hebben van eigenaren van software de
werkgever juist het voordeel geven dat hij verdient—ongeacht wat voor
gevolgen dit heeft voor het publiek."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof requires "
+#| "shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed only to "
+#| "those who share the premises I use, or at least are interested in what "
+#| "their consequences are. For those who believe that the owners are more "
+#| "important than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant."
+msgid "It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof
requires shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed only to
those who share the premises I use, or at least are interested in what their
consequences are. For those who believe that the owners are more important
than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant."
+msgstr "Het heeft geen zin deze uitgangspunten aan te vechten. Bewijs wordt
gebaseerd op algemeen aanvaarde aannames. Dus het meeste van wat ik hier te
zeggen heb is voor diegenen die zich in mijn uitgangspunt kunnen vinden, of in
ieder geval nieuwsgierig zijn naar de consequenties. Dit artikel is gewoon niet
relevant voor diegenen die geloven dat eigenaren belangrijker zijn dan de rest."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that elevates "
+#| "certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly because of the "
+#| "belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions of American "
+#| "society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means challenging "
+#| "the basis of society."
+msgid "But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that
elevates certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly because of
the belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions of American
society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means challenging the
basis of society."
+msgstr "Maar waarom zouden vele Amerikanen een uitgangspunt accepteren dat
sommige mensen boven anderen verheft? Gedeeltelijk doordat men gelooft dat dit
uitgangspunt onderdeel is van de juridische grondslag van de Amerikaanse
maatschappij. Sommigen zullen dit beleven als het aan de kaak stellen van hun
maatschappelijke basis."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It is important for these people to know that this premise is not part of "
+#| "our legal tradition. It never has been."
+msgid "It is important for these people to know that this premise is not part
of our legal tradition. It never has been."
+msgstr "Het is belangrijk dat deze mensen zich realiseren dat dit uitgangspunt
nooit een onderdeel is geweest van onze (Amerikaanse) juridische traditie. Dat
is het ook nooit geweest."
+
+# | Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to
+# | “promote the [-p-]{+P+}rogress of [-s-]{+S+}cience and the useful
+# | [-a-]{+A+}rts.” The Supreme Court has elaborated on this, stating in
+# | [-`Fox-] {+<em>Fox+} Film [-vs. Doyal'-] {+v. Doyal</em>;+} that
+# | “The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in
+# | conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by
+# | the public from the labors of authors.”
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to “"
+#| "promote the progress of science and the useful arts.” The Supreme "
+#| "Court has elaborated on this, stating in `Fox Film vs. Doyal' that “"
+#| "The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in "
+#| "conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived "
+#| "by the public from the labors of authors.”"
+msgid "Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to
“promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts.” The Supreme
Court has elaborated on this, stating in <em>Fox Film v. Doyal</em>; that
“The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in
conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by the
public from the labors of authors.”"
+msgstr "Aldus zegt de grondwet dat het doel van het auteursrecht is “het
stimuleren van wetenschappelijke vooruitgang en nuttige kunst”. Het
Hooggerechtshof heeft zich hier nog nader over uitgesproken met de uitspraak in
<em>Fox Film vs. Doyal</em> dat “het enige belang van de Verenigde Staten
en primaire doel van het verlenen van het [autuersrecht] monopolie ligt in de
algemene voordelen die de maatschappij zal genieten van het werk van
auteurs”."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme Court. "
+#| "(At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions do not "
+#| "disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the awareness that "
+#| "this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a traditionally "
+#| "recognized one will weaken its appeal."
+msgid "We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme
Court. (At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions do not
disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the awareness that this
is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a traditionally recognized one
will weaken its appeal."
+msgstr "We hoeven het niet eens te zijn met de grondwet of met het
Hooggerechtshof (ze hebben in het verleden slavernij goedgekeurd). Dus hun
standpunten doen niets af aan het uitgangspunt van grotere belangen van
werkgevers. Ik hoop wel dat het besef dat dit een rechts-radicaal standpunt is
en niet een traditioneel, algemeen aanvaardbaar standpunt, de
aantrekkingskracht van het standpunt zal doen verminderen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Conclusion"
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "Conclusie"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor; but "
+#| "each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for the "
+#| "wealth they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite message."
+msgid "We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor; but
each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for the wealth
they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite message."
+msgstr "Wij denken dat onze maatschappij het helpen van je buren stimuleert;
maar iedere keer dat we iemand belonen wanneer die iets tegenhoudt, of ze
bewonderen om de rijkdom die ze op die manier vergaard hebben, zenden we het
tegenovergestelde signaal uit."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the "
+#| "welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from "
+#| "Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from failing banks to "
+#| "failing schools. We can measure it with the size of the homeless "
+#| "population and the prison population. The antisocial spirit feeds on "
+#| "itself, because the more we see that other people will not help us, the "
+#| "more it seems futile to help them. Thus society decays into a jungle."
+msgid "Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard
the welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard from
Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from failing banks to
failing schools. We can measure it with the size of the homeless population
and the prison population. The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because the
more we see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile to
help them. Thus society decays into a jungle."
+msgstr "Het verzamelen van software is een uiting van onze neiging om
persoonlijk gewin voor het welbevinden van de maatschappij te stellen. We
kunnen deze neiging herleiden van Ronald Reagan naar Dick Cheney, van Exxon
naar Enron, van falende banken naar falende scholen. We kunnen het afmeten aan
het aantal zwervers en het aantal gevangenen. Dit asociale gedrag houdt
zichzelf in stand, want hoe meer we zien dat andere mensen ons niet willen
helpen des te kleiner wordt de neiging om hen te helpen. En aldus vervalt de
maatschappij tot een jungle."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes. We "
+#| "must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates "
+#| "when appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others. I "
+#| "hope that the free software movement will contribute to this: at least in "
+#| "one area, we will replace the jungle with a more efficient system which "
+#| "encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation."
+msgid "If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes. We
must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates when
appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others. I hope that the
free software movement will contribute to this: at least in one area, we will
replace the jungle with a more efficient system which encourages and runs on
voluntary cooperation."
+msgstr "Wanneer we niet in een jungle willen leven moeten we ons gedrag
veranderen. We moeten het signaal gaan afgeven dat een goed burger er een is
die met anderen samenwerkt wanneer dat zo te pas komt, niet een die succes
heeft met dingen afnemen van anderen. Ik hoop dat de vrije software gemeenschap
hiertoe zal bijdragen: op tenminste één gebied zullen we de
jungle vervangen door een efficiënter systeem dat gebaseerd zal zijn op
vrijwillige samenwerking."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Voetnoten"
+
+# | [-<a id=\"f1\">-]The word “free” in “free
+# | software” refers to freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy
+# | of a free program may be zero, or small, or (rarely) quite [-large.</a>-]
+# | {+large.+}
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"f1\"> The word “free” in “free software” "
+#| "refers to freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free "
+#| "program may be zero, or small, or (rarely) quite large.</a>"
+msgid "The word “free” in “free software” refers to
freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free program may be zero,
or small, or (rarely) quite large."
+msgstr "Het woord “vrij” in “vrije software” slaat op
vrijheid, niet op prijs; de prijs die je betaalt voor de kopie van een vrij
programma kan nul zijn, een beetje of (soms) heel veel (Noot van de vertaler:
“free” in het Engels betekent zowel vrijheid als gratis, vandaar
deze voetnoot)."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"f2\">-]The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not
+# | alter this conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to
+# | discourage driving in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using toll
+# | booths, which contribute to both pollution and congestion. A tax on
+# | gasoline is much better. Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by limiting
+# | maximum speed is not relevant; a free-access road enhances the average
+# | speed by avoiding stops and delays, for any given speed [-limit.</a>-]
+# | {+limit.+}
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"f2\"> The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not alter "
+#| "this conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to discourage "
+#| "driving in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using toll booths, "
+#| "which contribute to both pollution and congestion. A tax on gasoline is "
+#| "much better. Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by limiting maximum "
+#| "speed is not relevant; a free-access road enhances the average speed by "
+#| "avoiding stops and delays, for any given speed limit.</a>"
+msgid "The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not alter this
conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to discourage driving in
general, it is disadvantageous to do this using toll booths, which contribute
to both pollution and congestion. A tax on gasoline is much better. Likewise,
a desire to enhance safety by limiting maximum speed is not relevant; a
free-access road enhances the average speed by avoiding stops and delays, for
any given speed limit."
+msgstr "Problemen met vervuiling of filevorming veranderen de conclusie niet.
Wanneer we het rijden duurder willen maken om het te ontmoedigen is het nog
steeds ongunstig om tolhuisjes te gebruiken omdat die juist bijdragen aan
vervuiling en filevorming. Belasting op brandstof is veel beter. Op dezelfde
manier is het om veiligheidsredenen verlagen van de maximumsnelheid niet
relevant; een weg met vrije toegang verhoogt de gemiddelde snelheid door het
voorkomen van stoppen en vertragingen, voor welke maximum snelheid dan ook."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"f3\">One-]{+One+} might regard a particular computer program as
+# | a harmful thing that should not be available at all, like the Lotus
+# | Marketplace database of personal information, which was withdrawn from
+# | sale due to public disapproval. Most of what I say does not apply to this
+# | case, but it makes little sense to argue for having an owner on the
+# | grounds that the owner will make the program less available. The owner
+# | will not make it <em>completely</em> unavailable, as one would wish in the
+# | case of a program whose use is considered [-destructive.</a>-]
+# | {+destructive.+}
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"f3\">One might regard a particular computer program as a harmful "
+#| "thing that should not be available at all, like the Lotus Marketplace "
+#| "database of personal information, which was withdrawn from sale due to "
+#| "public disapproval. Most of what I say does not apply to this case, but "
+#| "it makes little sense to argue for having an owner on the grounds that "
+#| "the owner will make the program less available. The owner will not make "
+#| "it <em>completely</em> unavailable, as one would wish in the case of a "
+#| "program whose use is considered destructive.</a>"
+msgid "One might regard a particular computer program as a harmful thing that
should not be available at all, like the Lotus Marketplace database of personal
information, which was withdrawn from sale due to public disapproval. Most of
what I say does not apply to this case, but it makes little sense to argue for
having an owner on the grounds that the owner will make the program less
available. The owner will not make it <em>completely</em> unavailable, as one
would wish in the case of a program whose use is considered destructive."
+msgstr "Men zou een bepaald programma schadelijk kunnen vinden en van mening
zijn dat het nooit had moeten worden uitgebracht, zoals de Lotus Marketplace
databank met persoonlijke informatie, die uit de verkoop werd gehaald vanwege
de publieke afkeuring. De meeste beweringen die ik doe slaan niet op dit geval,
maar het is zinloos om aan te voeren dat een programma een eigenaar zou moeten
hebben zodat het programma beperkt wordt uitgebracht. Een eigenaar zal het
programma niet <em>volledig</em> beperken, zoals je zou willen met een
programma dat beschouwd wordt als schadelijk."
+
+# | This essay is published in <a [-href=\"/doc/book13.html\"><cite>Free-]
+# |
{+href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free+}
+# | Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M.
+# | Stallman</cite></a>
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This essay is published in <a href=\"/doc/book13.html\"><cite>Free "
+#| "Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</"
+#| "cite></a>"
+msgid "This essay is published in <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>"
+msgstr "Dit korte verhaal is gepubliceerd in <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Vrije
Software, Vrije Maatschappij: Geselecteerde Artikelen van Richard M. Stallman
</cite></a>"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr "Gelieve vragen over FSF & GNU te sturen naar <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Er zijn ook nog <a
href=\"/contact/\">andere manieren om in contact te komen</a> met de FSF."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr "Gelieve meldingen van verkeerde links en andere verbeteringen (of
suggesties) te sturen aan: <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Please see the <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr "Zie <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a>
voor nadere informatie over het eventueel vertalen van dit artikel."
+
+# | Copyright © {+1991, 1992,+} 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, [-2007-] {+2007,
+# | 2010+} Free Software Foundation, Inc.[-,-]
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, "
+#| "Inc.,"
+msgid "Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010 Free
Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010 Free
Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr "Deze pagina valt onder de <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States Licentie</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Bijgewerkt:"
+
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