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www/philosophy/po reevaluating-copyright.nl.po
From: |
Tom Uijldert |
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po reevaluating-copyright.nl.po |
Date: |
Mon, 24 Dec 2012 13:30:31 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Tom Uijldert <tuijldert> 12/12/24 13:30:31
Added files:
philosophy/po : reevaluating-copyright.nl.po
Log message:
Initial GNUN conversion.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.nl.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: reevaluating-copyright.nl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: reevaluating-copyright.nl.po
diff -N reevaluating-copyright.nl.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ reevaluating-copyright.nl.po 24 Dec 2012 13:30:16 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+# Dutch translation of
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Tom Uijldert <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail - GNU Project - Free "
+#| "Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid "Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr "Het Auteursrecht Opnieuw Bekeken: Voorrang aan de Gemeenschap - GNU
Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#| msgid "Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail"
+msgid "Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail"
+msgstr "Het Auteursrecht Opnieuw Bekeken: Voorrang aan de Gemeenschap"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+#| msgid ""
+#| " Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail\n"
+#| " [Published in Oregon Law Review, Spring 1996]\n"
+#| "\n"
+#| " Richard Stallman\n"
+msgid ""
+" Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail\n"
+" [Published in Oregon Law Review, Spring 1996]\n"
+"\n"
+" Richard Stallman\n"
+msgstr ""
+" Het Auteursrecht Opnieuw Bekeken: Voorrang aan de Gemeenschap\n"
+" [Gepubliceerd in de Oregon Law Review, Lente 1996]\n"
+"\n"
+" Richard Stallman\n"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The legal world is aware that digital information technology poses “"
+#| "problems for copyright,” but has not traced these problems to their "
+#| "root cause: a fundamental conflict between publishers of copyrighted "
+#| "works and the users of these works. The publishers, understanding their "
+#| "own interest, have set forth a proposal through the Clinton "
+#| "Administration to fix the “problems” by deciding the conflict "
+#| "in their favor. This proposal, the Lehman White Paper <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]"
+#| "</a>, was the principal focus of the “Innovation and the "
+#| "Information Environment” conference at the University of Oregon "
+#| "(November 1995)."
+msgid "The legal world is aware that digital information technology poses
“problems for copyright,” but has not traced these problems to
their root cause: a fundamental conflict between publishers of copyrighted
works and the users of these works. The publishers, understanding their own
interest, have set forth a proposal through the Clinton Administration to fix
the “problems” by deciding the conflict in their favor. This
proposal, the Lehman White Paper <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>, was the principal
focus of the “Innovation and the Information Environment”
conference at the University of Oregon (November 1995)."
+msgstr "De juridische wereld is er inmiddels achter dat informatietechnologie
een “probleem vormt voor het auteursrecht” maar heeft de oorzaak
hiervan nog niet begrepen: een principieel verschil van opvatting tussen
uitgevers en lezers. De uitgevers, die hun eigen belang prima kennen, hebben
een voorstel gelanceerd via de regering-Clinton die de “problemen”
met het auteursrecht zal verhelpen in hun voordeel. Dit voorstel, de
“Lehman White Paper” <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a> was het belangrijkste
discussiestuk van het symposium “Innovation and the Information
Environment” op de universiteit van Oregon (November 1995)."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "John Perry Barlow <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>, the keynote speaker, began "
+#| "the conference by telling us how the Greatful Dead recognized and dealt "
+#| "with this conflict. They decided it would be wrong to interfere with "
+#| "copying of their performances on tapes, or with distribution on the "
+#| "Internet, but saw nothing wrong in enforcing copyright for CD recordings "
+#| "of their music."
+msgid "John Perry Barlow <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>, the keynote speaker, began
the conference by telling us how the Greatful Dead recognized and dealt with
this conflict. They decided it would be wrong to interfere with copying of
their performances on tapes, or with distribution on the Internet, but saw
nothing wrong in enforcing copyright for CD recordings of their music."
+msgstr "John Perry Barlow <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>, één van de
sprekers vertelde hoe de groep de “Grateful Dead” dit probleem
onderkenden en het aanpakten. Zij besloten dat er niets mis was met het
kopiëren van hun concerten op tape en de verspreiding ervan via Internet
maar ook vonden ze het handhaven van hun auteursrecht op CD's geen enkel
probleem."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Barlow did not analyze the reasons for treating these media differently, "
+#| "and later Gary Glisson <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a> criticized Barlow's idea "
+#| "that the Internet is inexplicably unique and unlike anything else in the "
+#| "world. He argued that we should be able to determine the implications of "
+#| "the Internet for copyright policy by the same kind of analysis that we "
+#| "apply to other technologies. This paper attempts to do just that."
+msgid "Barlow did not analyze the reasons for treating these media
differently, and later Gary Glisson <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a> criticized
Barlow's idea that the Internet is inexplicably unique and unlike anything else
in the world. He argued that we should be able to determine the implications of
the Internet for copyright policy by the same kind of analysis that we apply to
other technologies. This paper attempts to do just that."
+msgstr "Barlow ging verder niet in op de achterliggende reden om deze media
apart te behandelen en later ging Gary Glisson <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a> hier op
in door te stellen dat het idee van Barlow dat het Internet nu eenmaal uniek
was wat betreft het auteursrecht, onzin zou zijn. Hij beweerde dat we in staat
zouden moeten zijn om het auteursrecht op het Internet precies hetzelfde te
benaderen als bij andere media. Dit artikel zal daartoe een poging wagen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Barlow suggested that our intuitions based on physical objects as "
+#| "property do not transfer to information as property because information "
+#| "is “abstract.” As Steven Winter <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a> "
+#| "remarked, abstract property has existed for centuries. Shares in a "
+#| "company, commodity futures, and even paper money, are forms of property "
+#| "that are more or less abstract. Barlow and others who argue that "
+#| "information should be free do not reject these other kinds of abstract "
+#| "property. Clearly, the crucial difference between information and "
+#| "acceptable kinds of property is not abstractness per se. So what is it? I "
+#| "propose a simple and practical explanation."
+msgid "Barlow suggested that our intuitions based on physical objects as
property do not transfer to information as property because information is
“abstract.” As Steven Winter <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a> remarked,
abstract property has existed for centuries. Shares in a company, commodity
futures, and even paper money, are forms of property that are more or less
abstract. Barlow and others who argue that information should be free do not
reject these other kinds of abstract property. Clearly, the crucial difference
between information and acceptable kinds of property is not abstractness per
se. So what is it? I propose a simple and practical explanation."
+msgstr "Barlow veronderstelde dat ons denkbeeld van eigendom van echte
objecten, iets anders zou zijn dan die voor informatie omdat dit begrip te
“abstract ” zou zijn. Zoals Steven Winter <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>
al opmerkte, bestaat abstract eigendom al eeuwenlang. Aandelen in een bedrijf,
handelspapieren en zelfs papieren geld zijn min of meer abstract. Barlow en de
zijnen, die ervoor pleiten dat informatie vrij zou moeten zijn, zijn niet tegen
deze andere vormen van eigendom. Het is duidelijk dat het onderscheid tussen
informatie en eigendom hem niet zit in de mate van abstractheid. Wat is het dan
wel? Ik stel een eenvoudige en praktische benadering voor."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "United States copyright law considers copyright a bargain between the "
+#| "public and “authors” (although in practice, usually "
+#| "publishers take over the authors' part of the bargain). The public trades "
+#| "certain freedoms in exchange for more published works to enjoy. Until the "
+#| "White Paper, our government had never proposed that the public should "
+#| "trade <b>all</b> of its freedom to use published works. Copyright "
+#| "involves giving up specific freedoms and retaining others. This means "
+#| "that there are many alternative bargains that the public could offer to "
+#| "publishers. So which bargain is the best one for the public? Which "
+#| "freedoms are worth while for the public to trade, and for what length of "
+#| "time? The answers depend on two things: how much additional publication "
+#| "the public will get for trading a given freedom, and how much the public "
+#| "benefits from keeping that freedom."
+msgid "United States copyright law considers copyright a bargain between the
public and “authors” (although in practice, usually publishers take
over the authors' part of the bargain). The public trades certain freedoms in
exchange for more published works to enjoy. Until the White Paper, our
government had never proposed that the public should trade <b>all</b> of its
freedom to use published works. Copyright involves giving up specific freedoms
and retaining others. This means that there are many alternative bargains that
the public could offer to publishers. So which bargain is the best one for the
public? Which freedoms are worth while for the public to trade, and for what
length of time? The answers depend on two things: how much additional
publication the public will get for trading a given freedom, and how much the
public benefits from keeping that freedom."
+msgstr "Het auteursrecht van de Verenigde Staten beschouwd het als een
transactie tussen de gemeenschap en de “auteurs” (in de praktijk
zijn het meestal de uitgevers die de auteurs hierin vertegenwoordigen). De
gemeenschap ruilt een deel van zijn vrijheid in voor meer uitgegeven werken.
Tot de komst van het “White Paper” had onze overheid nog nooit
voorgesteld om <b>ál</b> onze vrijheden op te geven in ruil voor meer
uitgegeven werk. Het auteursrecht gaat over het opgeven van zeer bepaalde
rechten, en het behouden van andere. Dit houdt in dat er ook andere
overeenkomsten zijn te sluiten tussen de gemeenschap en uitgevers. Dus welke is
het gunstigst voor de gemeenschap? Welke vrijheden is de gemeenschap bereidt op
te geven en voor hoe lang? Het antwoord hangt van twee dingen af: hoeveel meer
zal er worden gepubliceerd met het opgeven van deze vrijheden en in hoeverre
profiteert de gemeenschap met het in stand houden hiervan?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This shows why making <a href=\"#later-1\">intellectual property "
+#| "decisions</a> by analogy to physical object property, or even to older "
+#| "intellectual property policies, is a mistake. Winter argued persuasively "
+#| "that it is possible to make such analogies, to stretch our old concepts "
+#| "and apply them to new decisions <a href= \"#ft6\">[6]</a>. Surely this "
+#| "will reach some answer—but not a good answer. Analogy is not a "
+#| "useful way of deciding what to buy or at what price."
+msgid "This shows why making <a href=\"#later-1\">intellectual property
decisions</a> by analogy to physical object property, or even to older
intellectual property policies, is a mistake. Winter argued persuasively that
it is possible to make such analogies, to stretch our old concepts and apply
them to new decisions <a href= \"#ft6\">[6]</a>. Surely this will reach some
answer—but not a good answer. Analogy is not a useful way of deciding
what to buy or at what price."
+msgstr "Dit voorbeeld toont wel aan hoe fout het is om beslissingen op basis
van <a href= \"#later-1\">intellectueel eigendom</a> te nemen alsof het fysiek
eigendom betreft. Winter beweerde overtuigend dat het mogelijk is om het
probleem via dergelijke overeenkomsten te benaderen <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>.
Dit zal ongetwijfeld tot een conclusie leiden maar is het ook de juiste
conclusie? Overeenkomsten zijn geen goede basis waarop beslissingen kunnen
worden genomen over wat wel en niet te kopen en tegen welke prijs."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, we do not decide whether to build a highway in New York City "
+#| "by analogy with a previous decision about a proposed highway in Iowa. In "
+#| "each highway construction decision, the same factors apply (cost, amount "
+#| "of traffic, taking of land or houses); if we made highway decisions by "
+#| "analogy to previous highway decisions, we would either build every "
+#| "proposed highway or none of them. Instead we judge each proposed highway "
+#| "based on the pros and cons, whose magnitudes vary from case to case. In "
+#| "copyright issues, too, we must weigh the cost and benefits for today's "
+#| "situation and today's media, not as they have applied to other media in "
+#| "the past."
+msgid "For example, we do not decide whether to build a highway in New York
City by analogy with a previous decision about a proposed highway in Iowa. In
each highway construction decision, the same factors apply (cost, amount of
traffic, taking of land or houses); if we made highway decisions by analogy to
previous highway decisions, we would either build every proposed highway or
none of them. Instead we judge each proposed highway based on the pros and
cons, whose magnitudes vary from case to case. In copyright issues, too, we
must weigh the cost and benefits for today's situation and today's media, not
as they have applied to other media in the past."
+msgstr "We baseren bijvoorbeeld niet een beslissing op het bouwen van een
snelweg in New York City op overeenkomsten met een eerder besluit om een
snelweg te bouwen in Iowa. Voor iedere beslissing omtrent het bouwen van
snelwegen baseren we ons op dezelfde grootheden (kosten, verkeersdrukte,
hoeveelheid land); wanneer we ons zouden baseren op overeenkomsten met eerdere
beslissingen zou het erop uit draaien dat we iedere snelweg wel zouden bouwen
of juist geen een. In plaats daarvan baseren we ons op de voor- en nadelen en
de ernst daarvan, die per geval kan verschillen. Zo ook zouden we in het
auteursrecht de voor- en nadelen moeten afwegen met betrekking tot de huidige
situatie en de moderne media, en niet zoals het in het verleden ging."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This also shows why Laurence Tribe's principle, that rights concerning "
+#| "speech should not depend on the choice of medium<a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, "
+#| "is not applicable to copyright decisions. Copyright is a bargain with the "
+#| "public, not a natural right. Copyright policy issues are about which "
+#| "bargains benefit the public, not about what rights publishers or readers "
+#| "are entitled to."
+msgid "This also shows why Laurence Tribe's principle, that rights concerning
speech should not depend on the choice of medium<a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, is
not applicable to copyright decisions. Copyright is a bargain with the public,
not a natural right. Copyright policy issues are about which bargains benefit
the public, not about what rights publishers or readers are entitled to."
+msgstr "Dit laat ook zien waarom de stelling van Laurence Tribe, dat de
vrijheid van meningsuiting niet af moet hangen van het type medium<a
href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, niet op gaat voor beslissingen met betrekking tot het
auteursrecht. Het auteursrecht is een overeenkomst met de gemeenschap, geen
natuurlijk recht. Het auteursrecht gaat over welke overeenkomst het gunstigst
is voor de gemeenschap, niet over vermeende rechten van uitgevers of lezers."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The copyright system developed along with the printing press. In the age "
+#| "of the printing press, it was unfeasible for an ordinary reader to copy a "
+#| "book. Copying a book required a printing press, and ordinary readers did "
+#| "not have one. What's more, copying in this way was absurdly expensive "
+#| "unless many copies were made—which means, in effect, that only a "
+#| "publisher could copy a book economically."
+msgid "The copyright system developed along with the printing press. In the
age of the printing press, it was unfeasible for an ordinary reader to copy a
book. Copying a book required a printing press, and ordinary readers did not
have one. What's more, copying in this way was absurdly expensive unless many
copies were made—which means, in effect, that only a publisher could copy
a book economically."
+msgstr "Het auteursrecht werd uitgevonden met de komst van de drukpers. In dat
tijdperk was het voor een lezer onmogelijk om een boek te kopiëren.
Daarvoor had je een drukpers nodig en doorsnee lezers hadden die niet. Sterker
nog, het op deze manier kopiëren was belachelijk duur en alleen nuttig
wanneer je een heleboel kopieën zou maken — wat er in de praktijk op
neer kwam dat alleen een uitgever een boek op economische wijze kon
kopiëren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So when the public traded to publishers the freedom to copy books, they "
+#| "were selling something which they <b>could not use</b>. Trading "
+#| "something you cannot use for something useful and helpful is always good "
+#| "deal. Therefore, copyright was uncontroversial in the age of the printing "
+#| "press, precisely because it did not restrict anything the reading public "
+#| "might commonly do."
+msgid "So when the public traded to publishers the freedom to copy books, they
were selling something which they <b>could not use</b>. Trading something you
cannot use for something useful and helpful is always good deal. Therefore,
copyright was uncontroversial in the age of the printing press, precisely
because it did not restrict anything the reading public might commonly do."
+msgstr "Dus toen de gemeenschap het recht om te kopiëren opgaf aan de
uitgevers, ruilden ze een recht in dat ze <b>toch niet konden gebruiken</b>.
Iets ruilen wat je toch niet kunt gebruiken voor iets wat nuttig is is altijd
een goede ruil. En dus was het auteursrecht een regeling tot ieders
tevredenheid in de dagen van de drukpers, juist omdat het lezers niet beperkte
in hun normale doen en laten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But the age of the printing press is gradually ending. The xerox machine "
+#| "and the audio and video tape began the change; digital information "
+#| "technology brings it to fruition. These advances make it possible for "
+#| "ordinary people, not just publishers with specialized equipment, to copy. "
+#| "And they do!"
+msgid "But the age of the printing press is gradually ending. The xerox
machine and the audio and video tape began the change; digital information
technology brings it to fruition. These advances make it possible for ordinary
people, not just publishers with specialized equipment, to copy. And they do!"
+msgstr "Maar het tijdperk van de drukpers loopt ten einde. Het kopieerapparaat
en de audio- en videotapes luidde de verandering in; digitale technieken
brengen het naar een nieuw tijdperk. De technieken maken het voor de
gemeenschap mogelijk om zelf te kopiëren. En dat doen ze dan ook!"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Once copying is a useful and practical activity for ordinary people, they "
+#| "are no longer so willing to give up the freedom to do it. They want to "
+#| "keep this freedom and exercise it instead of trading it away. The "
+#| "copyright bargain that we have is no longer a good deal for the public, "
+#| "and it is time to revise it—time for the law to recognize the "
+#| "public benefit that comes from making and sharing copies."
+msgid "Once copying is a useful and practical activity for ordinary people,
they are no longer so willing to give up the freedom to do it. They want to
keep this freedom and exercise it instead of trading it away. The copyright
bargain that we have is no longer a good deal for the public, and it is time to
revise it—time for the law to recognize the public benefit that comes
from making and sharing copies."
+msgstr "En nu de mogelijkheid om zelf te kopiëren er is zijn mensen veel
minder bereid die vrijheid op te geven. Ze willen die vrijheid nu behouden en
uitoefenen in plaats van deze in te wisselen. De transactie van het
auteursrecht is geen gunstige overeenkomst meer voor de gemeenschap en dus is
het tijd deze te herzien — tijd voor de wetgevende macht om het voordeel
te onderkennen van een gemeenschap die kopiëert en deelt."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "With this analysis, we see why rejection of the old copyright bargain is "
+#| "not based on supposing that the Internet is ineffably unique. The "
+#| "Internet is relevant because it facilitates copying and sharing of "
+#| "writings by ordinary readers. The easier it is to copy and share, the "
+#| "more useful it becomes, and the more copyright as it stands now becomes a "
+#| "bad deal."
+msgid "With this analysis, we see why rejection of the old copyright bargain
is not based on supposing that the Internet is ineffably unique. The Internet
is relevant because it facilitates copying and sharing of writings by ordinary
readers. The easier it is to copy and share, the more useful it becomes, and
the more copyright as it stands now becomes a bad deal."
+msgstr "Met deze analyse wordt duidelijk dat het verwerpen van het oude
auteursrecht niet gebaseerd is op het vermeende unieke karakter van het
Internet. Het Internet is hier van belang doordat het het kopiëren en
delen tussen gewone lezers mogelijk maakt. En hoe makkelijker er gedeeld en
gekopieerd kan worden, des te nuttiger wordt het, en des te meer wordt het oude
auteursrecht een obstakel, een slechte ruil."
+
+# | This analysis also explains why it makes sense for the Grateful Dead to
+# | insist on copyright for CD manufacturing but not for individual copying.
+# | CD production works like the printing press; it is not feasible today for
+# | ordinary people, even computer owners, to copy a CD into another CD. Thus,
+# | copyright for publishing CDs of music remains painless for music
+# | listeners, just as all copyright was painless in the age of the printing
+# | press. To restrict copying the same music onto a digital audio tape does
+# | hurt the listeners, however, and they are entitled to reject this
+# | restriction. (1999 note: the practical situation for CDs has changed, in
+# | that many ordinary computer users can now copy CDs. This means that we
+# | should now consider CDs more like [-tapes.)-] {+tapes. 2007
+# | clarification: notwithstanding the improvement in CD technology, it still
+# | makes sense to apply copyright to commercial distribution while letting
+# | individuals copy freely.)+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This analysis also explains why it makes sense for the Grateful Dead to "
+#| "insist on copyright for CD manufacturing but not for individual copying. "
+#| "CD production works like the printing press; it is not feasible today for "
+#| "ordinary people, even computer owners, to copy a CD into another CD. "
+#| "Thus, copyright for publishing CDs of music remains painless for music "
+#| "listeners, just as all copyright was painless in the age of the printing "
+#| "press. To restrict copying the same music onto a digital audio tape does "
+#| "hurt the listeners, however, and they are entitled to reject this "
+#| "restriction. (1999 note: the practical situation for CDs has changed, in "
+#| "that many ordinary computer users can now copy CDs. This means that we "
+#| "should now consider CDs more like tapes.)"
+msgid "This analysis also explains why it makes sense for the Grateful Dead to
insist on copyright for CD manufacturing but not for individual copying. CD
production works like the printing press; it is not feasible today for ordinary
people, even computer owners, to copy a CD into another CD. Thus, copyright for
publishing CDs of music remains painless for music listeners, just as all
copyright was painless in the age of the printing press. To restrict copying
the same music onto a digital audio tape does hurt the listeners, however, and
they are entitled to reject this restriction. (1999 note: the practical
situation for CDs has changed, in that many ordinary computer users can now
copy CDs. This means that we should now consider CDs more like tapes. 2007
clarification: notwithstanding the improvement in CD technology, it still makes
sense to apply copyright to commercial distribution while letting individuals
copy freely.)"
+msgstr "Deze analyse maakt ook duidelijk waarom het zinnig was voor de
Grateful Dead om het auteursrecht op CD's te handhaven en voor individueel
kopiëren los te laten. Het maken van CD's is als de vroegere drukpers; het
is niet makkelijk voor normale gebruikers -ook niet voor eigenaars van
computers- om een CD te kopiëren. En dus heeft het auteursrecht hier zijn
nut voor muziekliefhebbers, net zoals dat met de drukpers het geval was. Om het
kopiëren van die muziek op digitale cassettes te verbieden gaat weer te
ver en dit moeten we dan ook afwijzen. (opmerking voor 1999: de praktijk waar
het CD's betreft is inmiddels veranderd doordat normale computergebruikers nu
ook CD's kunnen kopiëren. CD's moeten we dus zien als een soort tapes.
Verklaring van 2007: ondanks de vooruitgang in CD technologie is het nog steeds
zinnig om auteursrecht toe te passen op commerciële verspreiding en
tegelijk individuen het recht te geven om kopiën te maken.)"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We can also see why the abstractness of <a href=\"#later-1\">intellectual "
+#| "property</a> is not the crucial factor. Other forms of abstract property "
+#| "represent shares of something. Copying any kind of share is "
+#| "intrinsically a zero-sum activity; the person who copies benefits only by "
+#| "taking wealth away from everyone else. Copying a dollar bill in a color "
+#| "copier is effectively equivalent to shaving a small fraction off of every "
+#| "other dollar and adding these fractions together to make one dollar. "
+#| "Naturally, we consider this wrong."
+msgid "We can also see why the abstractness of <a
href=\"#later-1\">intellectual property</a> is not the crucial factor. Other
forms of abstract property represent shares of something. Copying any kind of
share is intrinsically a zero-sum activity; the person who copies benefits only
by taking wealth away from everyone else. Copying a dollar bill in a color
copier is effectively equivalent to shaving a small fraction off of every other
dollar and adding these fractions together to make one dollar. Naturally, we
consider this wrong."
+msgstr "Het wordt nu ook duidelijk waarom de abstractie van <a
href=\"#later-1\"> intellectueel eigendom</a> niet werkt. Andere vormen van
abstract bezit zijn onder andere aandelen van iets. Het kopiëren van een
aandeel is van nature een nul-operatie; de persoon die kopieert profiteert
alleen door rijkdom van iemand anders weg te nemen. Het kopiëren van een
dollarbiljet in een kleuren kopieermachine is feitelijk hetzelfde als van alle
andere dollarbiljetten een stukje afnemen en uit al deze stukjes een nieuwe
dollar maken. Uiteraard vinden we dit fout gedrag."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By contrast, copying useful, enlightening or entertaining information for "
+#| "a friend makes the world happier and better off; it benefits the friend, "
+#| "and inherently hurts no one. It is a constructive activity that "
+#| "strengthens social bonds."
+msgid "By contrast, copying useful, enlightening or entertaining information
for a friend makes the world happier and better off; it benefits the friend,
and inherently hurts no one. It is a constructive activity that strengthens
social bonds."
+msgstr "Dit in tegenstelling tot het kopiëren van nuttige, amusante of
leerzame informatie ten behoeve van je vrienden, wat van de wereld een
gelukkiger en betere plaats maakt; je vrienden hebben er voordeel van en je
berokkent niemand schade. Het is een constructieve bezigheid die de sociale
cohesie verbeterd."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some readers may question this statement because they know publishers "
+#| "claim that illegal copying causes them “loss.” This claim is "
+#| "mostly inaccurate and partly misleading. More importantly, it is begging "
+#| "the question."
+msgid "Some readers may question this statement because they know publishers
claim that illegal copying causes them “loss.” This claim is mostly
inaccurate and partly misleading. More importantly, it is begging the question."
+msgstr "Sommige lezers zullen deze uitspraak wellicht ter discussie stellen
omdat ze weten dat uitgevers beweren dat ze van illegaal kopiëren
“schade” lijden. Die bewering is onnauwkeurig en gedeeltelijk
misleidend. Maar het is vooral een drogreden."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The claim is mostly inaccurate because it presupposes that the friend "
+#| "would otherwise have bought a copy from the publisher. That is "
+#| "occasionally true, but more often false; and when it is false, the "
+#| "claimed loss does not occur."
+msgid "The claim is mostly inaccurate because it presupposes that the friend
would otherwise have bought a copy from the publisher. That is occasionally
true, but more often false; and when it is false, the claimed loss does not
occur."
+msgstr "De bewering is onnauwkeurig omdat dit verondersteld dat de betreffende
vriend anders een kopie van de uitgever zou hebben gekocht. Dat kan in sommige
gevallen kloppen maar meestal is dat niet zo; en wanneer het niet zo is, is er
ook geen sprake van schade."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The claim is partly misleading because the word “loss” "
+#| "suggests events of a very different nature—events in which "
+#| "something they have is taken away from them. For example, if the "
+#| "bookstore's stock of books were burned, or if the money in the register "
+#| "got torn up, that would really be a “loss.” We generally "
+#| "agree it is wrong to do these things to other people."
+msgid "The claim is partly misleading because the word “loss”
suggests events of a very different nature—events in which something they
have is taken away from them. For example, if the bookstore's stock of books
were burned, or if the money in the register got torn up, that would really be
a “loss.” We generally agree it is wrong to do these things to
other people."
+msgstr "De misleiding zit hem in het woord “schade”, die
suggereert dat er iets van iemand af wordt genomen. Wanneer bijvoorbeeld de
voorraad boeken van een winkel in de brand vliegt of het geld in de kassa wordt
versnipperd dan spreken we meestal van “schade”. En we zijn het
erover eens dat het fout is om dit andere mensen aan te doen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But when your friend avoids the need to buy a copy of a book, the "
+#| "bookstore and the publisher do not lose anything they had. A more fitting "
+#| "description would be that the bookstore and publisher get less income "
+#| "than they might have got. The same consequence can result if your friend "
+#| "decides to play bridge instead of reading a book. In a free market "
+#| "system, no business is entitled to cry “foul” just because a "
+#| "potential customer chooses not to deal with them."
+msgid "But when your friend avoids the need to buy a copy of a book, the
bookstore and the publisher do not lose anything they had. A more fitting
description would be that the bookstore and publisher get less income than they
might have got. The same consequence can result if your friend decides to play
bridge instead of reading a book. In a free market system, no business is
entitled to cry “foul” just because a potential customer chooses
not to deal with them."
+msgstr "Maar wanneer je vriend geen kopie meer hoeft aan te schaffen betekent
dit niet dat de boekwinkel en de uitgever iets verliezen wat ze hadden. Een
betere omschrijving zou zijn dat de uitgever en winkel wellicht minder inkomen
krijgen dan mogelijk was. Maar dit gebeurd ook wanneer die vriend besluit om
bridge te gaan spelen in plaats van een boek te lezen. In een vrije
markteconomie kan geen enkel bedrijf van onrecht spreken, alleen omdat een
potentiële klant geen zaken met hem besluit te doen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The claim is begging the question because the idea of “loss” "
+#| "is based on the assumption that the publisher “should have” "
+#| "got paid. That is based on the assumption that copyright exists and "
+#| "prohibits individual copying. But that is just the issue at hand: what "
+#| "should copyright cover? If the public decides it can share copies, then "
+#| "the publisher is not entitled to expect to be paid for each copy, and so "
+#| "cannot claim there is a “loss” when it is not."
+msgid "The claim is begging the question because the idea of
“loss” is based on the assumption that the publisher “should
have” got paid. That is based on the assumption that copyright exists and
prohibits individual copying. But that is just the issue at hand: what should
copyright cover? If the public decides it can share copies, then the publisher
is not entitled to expect to be paid for each copy, and so cannot claim there
is a “loss” when it is not."
+msgstr "Het is een drogreden omdat het idee van “schade” uitgaat
van de aanname dat de uitgever “had moeten worden” betaald. Dat is
op zijn beurt gebaseerd op de gedachte dat het auteursrecht er is om
individueel kopiëren tegen te gaan. Maar daar gaat het nu net om: wat zou
het auteursrecht af moeten dekken? Wanneer de gemeenschap beslist dat het
kopieën kan delen, dan heeft de uitgever geen recht om te verwachten dat
iedere gemaakte kopie betaald wordt en kan hij dus geen schade declareren
wanneer die er niet is."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In other words, the “loss” comes from the copyright system; "
+#| "it is not an inherent part of copying. Copying in itself hurts no one."
+msgid "In other words, the “loss” comes from the copyright system;
it is not an inherent part of copying. Copying in itself hurts no one."
+msgstr "Met andere woorden, de “schade” zit in het
auteursrechtensysteem; niet in het kopiëren. Het kopiëren zelf
schaadt niemand."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The most widely opposed provision of the White Paper is the system of "
+#| "collective responsibility, whereby a computer owner is required to "
+#| "monitor and control the activities of all users, on pain of being "
+#| "punished for actions in which he was not a participant but merely failed "
+#| "to actively prevent. Tim Sloan <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a> pointed out that "
+#| "this gives copyright owners a privileged status not accorded to anyone "
+#| "else who might claim to be damaged by a computer user; for example, no "
+#| "one proposes to punish the computer owner if he fails actively to prevent "
+#| "a user from defaming someone. It is natural for a government to turn to "
+#| "collective responsibility for enforcing a law that many citizens do not "
+#| "believe in obeying. The more digital technology helps citizens share "
+#| "information, the more the government will need draconian methods to "
+#| "enforce copyright against ordinary citizens."
+msgid "The most widely opposed provision of the White Paper is the system of
collective responsibility, whereby a computer owner is required to monitor and
control the activities of all users, on pain of being punished for actions in
which he was not a participant but merely failed to actively prevent. Tim Sloan
<a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a> pointed out that this gives copyright owners a
privileged status not accorded to anyone else who might claim to be damaged by
a computer user; for example, no one proposes to punish the computer owner if
he fails actively to prevent a user from defaming someone. It is natural for a
government to turn to collective responsibility for enforcing a law that many
citizens do not believe in obeying. The more digital technology helps citizens
share information, the more the government will need draconian methods to
enforce copyright against ordinary citizens."
+msgstr "Het meest controversiële onderdeel in het White Paper is de
voorziening voor collectieve aansprakelijkheid, waarbij de eigenaar van een
computer verplicht is om de gebruikers van die computer aktief te controleren
en hij strafbaar wordt gesteld wanneer zo'n gebruiker iets doet waar de
eigenaar niets mee van doen heeft maar die hij niet aktief heeft kunnen
tegenhouden. Tim Sloan <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a> wees erop dat dit
auteursrechtenhouders een speciale status geeft die niemand anders heeft die
beweerd te zijn benadeeld door een gebruiker; niemand stelt bijvoorbeeld voor
om de eigenaar te straffen wanneer deze niet aktief ingrijpt als een gebruiker
iemand anders belasterd. Het is normaal voor een overheid om zich tot
collectieve aansprakelijkheid te wenden wanneer zo'n groot deel van de
gemeenschap het niet eens is met de regels. Hoe meer digitale technieken mensen
helpen informatie te delen, des te draconischer zullen de benodigde maatregelen
moeten zijn om mensen het auteursrecht door de strot te duwen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When the United States Constitution was drafted, the idea that authors "
+#| "were entitled to a copyright monopoly was proposed—and rejected <a "
+#| "href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>. Instead, the founders of our country adopted a "
+#| "different idea of copyright, one which places the public first <a href="
+#| "\"#ft10\">[10]</a>. Copyright in the United States is supposed to exist "
+#| "for the sake of users; benefits for publishers and even for authors are "
+#| "not given for the sake of those parties, but only as an inducement to "
+#| "change their behavior. As the Supreme Court said in Fox Film Corp. v. "
+#| "Doyal: “The sole interest of the United States and the primary "
+#| "object in conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits "
+#| "derived by the public from the labors of authors.” <a href="
+#| "\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
+msgid "When the United States Constitution was drafted, the idea that authors
were entitled to a copyright monopoly was proposed—and rejected <a
href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>. Instead, the founders of our country adopted a different
idea of copyright, one which places the public first <a
href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>. Copyright in the United States is supposed to exist
for the sake of users; benefits for publishers and even for authors are not
given for the sake of those parties, but only as an inducement to change their
behavior. As the Supreme Court said in Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal: “The sole
interest of the United States and the primary object in conferring the
[copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by the public from the
labors of authors.” <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
+msgstr "Toen de grondwet van de Verenigde Staten werd opgesteld, werd het idee
van een auteursrechten monopolie voor auteurs voorgesteld—en verworpen<a
href= \"#ft9\">[9]</a>. In plaats daarvan hingen de stichters van dit land een
ander idee van auteursrecht aan, één die de gemeenschap voorop
stelde <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>. Het auteursrecht in de Verenigde Staten is
er in het belang van de gebruikers; voordelen voor uitgevers en auteurs worden
niet gegeven ten behoeve van hen maar alleen als een aanmoediging om hun gedrag
te beïnvloeden. Zoals het hooggerechtshof al bepaalde in de rechtszaak van
Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal: “Het enige belang van de Verenigde Staten en het
voornaamste doel met het vergeven van het auteursrechten monopolie, zit in de
maatschappelijke voordelen die het werk van auteurs oplevert.” <a href=
\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Under the Constitution's view of copyright, if the public prefers to be "
+#| "able to make copies in certain cases even if that means somewhat fewer "
+#| "works are published, the public's choice is decisive. There is no "
+#| "possible justification for prohibiting the public from copying what it "
+#| "wants to copy."
+msgid "Under the Constitution's view of copyright, if the public prefers to be
able to make copies in certain cases even if that means somewhat fewer works
are published, the public's choice is decisive. There is no possible
justification for prohibiting the public from copying what it wants to copy."
+msgstr "In de grondwettelijke visie van het auteursrecht, wanneer de
gemeenschap ervoor kiest om kopieën te maken in bepaalde gevallen, ook al
heeft dit een vermindering van publicaties tot gevolg, dan is die beslissing
bindend. Er is geen enkele mogelijke rechtvaardiging om de maatschappij het
kopiëren te verbieden."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Ever since the constitutional decision was made, publishers have tried to "
+#| "reverse it by misinforming the public. They do this by repeating "
+#| "arguments which presuppose that copyright is a natural right of authors "
+#| "(not mentioning that authors almost always cede it to publishers). People "
+#| "who hear these arguments, unless they have a firm awareness that this "
+#| "presupposition is contrary to the basic premises of our legal system, "
+#| "take for granted that it is the basis of that system."
+msgid "Ever since the constitutional decision was made, publishers have tried
to reverse it by misinforming the public. They do this by repeating arguments
which presuppose that copyright is a natural right of authors (not mentioning
that authors almost always cede it to publishers). People who hear these
arguments, unless they have a firm awareness that this presupposition is
contrary to the basic premises of our legal system, take for granted that it is
the basis of that system."
+msgstr "Al sinds de oprichting van die grondwet hebben uitgevers geprobeerd
deze terug te draaien door het verspreiden van verkeerde informatie. Dit doen
ze door steeds weer te herhalen dat het auteursrecht een natuurlijk recht van
auteurs is (waarbij ze vergeten te vermelden dat die ze bijna altijd overdragen
aan uitgevers). Mensen die deze argumenten aanhoren zullen aannemen dat dit zo
is of ze moeten wel heel erg doordrongen zijn van het feit dat deze
vooronderstelling totaal niet overeenkomt met de grondslagen van ons
rechtssysteem."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This error is so ingrained today that people who oppose new copyright "
+#| "powers feel the need to do so by arguing that even authors and publishers "
+#| "may be hurt by them. Thus, James Boyle <a href=\"#ft12\">[12]</a> "
+#| "explains how a strict <a href=\"#later-2\">intellectual property system</"
+#| "a> can interfere with writing new works. Jessica Litman <a href=\"#ft13\">"
+#| "[13]</a> cites the copyright shelters which historically allowed many new "
+#| "media to become popular. Pamela Samuelson <a href=\"#ft14\">[14]</a> "
+#| "warns that the White Paper may block the development of “third-"
+#| "wave” information industries by locking the world into the “"
+#| "second-wave” economic model that fit the age of the printing press."
+msgid "This error is so ingrained today that people who oppose new copyright
powers feel the need to do so by arguing that even authors and publishers may
be hurt by them. Thus, James Boyle <a href=\"#ft12\">[12]</a> explains how a
strict <a href=\"#later-2\">intellectual property system</a> can interfere with
writing new works. Jessica Litman <a href=\"#ft13\">[13]</a> cites the
copyright shelters which historically allowed many new media to become popular.
Pamela Samuelson <a href=\"#ft14\">[14]</a> warns that the White Paper may
block the development of “third-wave” information industries by
locking the world into the “second-wave” economic model that fit
the age of the printing press."
+msgstr "Deze fout in de redenering is zo wijdverbreid dat mensen die tegen de
nieuwe wetsvoorstellen op het gebied van auteursrecht zijn zich wenden tot
argumenten die stellen dat zelfs auteurs en uitgevers door deze regels worden
benadeeld. Aldus legt James Boyle <a href=\"#ft12\">[12]</a> uit hoe een
streng <a href= \"#later-2\">systeem van intellectueel eigendom</a> het
uitbrengen van nieuw werk in de weg kan zitten. Jessica Litman <a
href=\"#ft13\">[13]</a> heeft het over de beschutting van auteursrechten
regelingen in het verleden die vele nieuwe media gepopulariseerd heeft. Pamela
Samuelson <a href=\"#ft14\">[14]</a> waarschuwt verder dat het White Paper wel
eens de ontwikkeling van de “derde generatie” informatie industrie
zou kunnen stopzetten door de wereld op te sluiten in het huidige “tweede
generatie” economische systeem die alleen geschikt is voor de drukpers."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These arguments can be very effective on those issues where they are "
+#| "available, especially with a Congress and Administration dominated by the "
+#| "idea that “What's good for General Media is good for the USA."
+#| "” But they fail to expose the fundamental falsehood on which this "
+#| "domination is based; as a result, they are ineffective in the long term. "
+#| "When these arguments win one battle, they do so without building a "
+#| "general understanding that helps win the next battle. If we turn to these "
+#| "arguments too much and too often, the danger is that we may allow the "
+#| "publishers to replace the Constitution uncontested."
+msgid "These arguments can be very effective on those issues where they are
available, especially with a Congress and Administration dominated by the idea
that “What's good for General Media is good for the USA.” But they
fail to expose the fundamental falsehood on which this domination is based; as
a result, they are ineffective in the long term. When these arguments win one
battle, they do so without building a general understanding that helps win the
next battle. If we turn to these arguments too much and too often, the danger
is that we may allow the publishers to replace the Constitution uncontested."
+msgstr "Dit soort tegenargumenten kunnen zeer effectief zijn, vooral bij een
Congres en overheid die overwegend het idee heeft dat “Wat goed is voor
de mediabedrijven goed is voor de Verenigde Staten”. Maar dit verhult de
foute vooronderstelling waarop dit is gebaseerd met als resultaat dat het op de
lange termijn geen effect heeft. Wanneer dit soort argumenten het een keer
winnen dan bouw je daar nog geen algemeen begrip mee op waarmee je de volgende
discussie zou kunnen winnen. Als we dit soort argumenten te vaak gebruiken
lopen we het risico dat uitgevers op een gegeven moment de grondwet zonder
protest kunnen veranderen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, the recently published position statement of the Digital "
+#| "Future Coalition, an umbrella organization, lists many reasons to oppose "
+#| "the White Paper, for the sake of authors, libraries, education, poor "
+#| "Americans, technological progress, economic flexibility, and privacy "
+#| "concerns—all valid arguments, but concerned with side issues <a "
+#| "href=\"#ft15\">[15]</a>. Conspicuously absent from the list is the most "
+#| "important reason of all: that many Americans (perhaps most) want to "
+#| "continue making copies. The DFC fails to criticize the core goal of the "
+#| "White Paper, which is to give more power to publishers, and its central "
+#| "decision, to reject the Constitution and place the publishers above the "
+#| "users. This silence may be taken for consent."
+msgid "For example, the recently published position statement of the Digital
Future Coalition, an umbrella organization, lists many reasons to oppose the
White Paper, for the sake of authors, libraries, education, poor Americans,
technological progress, economic flexibility, and privacy concerns—all
valid arguments, but concerned with side issues <a href=\"#ft15\">[15]</a>.
Conspicuously absent from the list is the most important reason of all: that
many Americans (perhaps most) want to continue making copies. The DFC fails to
criticize the core goal of the White Paper, which is to give more power to
publishers, and its central decision, to reject the Constitution and place the
publishers above the users. This silence may be taken for consent."
+msgstr "Een recent opiniestuk van de “Digital Future Coalition”
-een overkoepelende organisatie- bijvoorbeeld, somt een hele lijst nadelen op
van het White Paper met betrekking tot auteurs, bibliotheken, onderwijs, arme
Amerikanen, technologische vooruitgang, economische flexibiliteit en de privacy
—allen goede argumenten maar die richten zich op de neveneffecten <a
href= \"#ft15\">[15]</a>. Grote afwezige in deze lijst is de belangrijkste
reden: dat vele Amerikanen (de meesten, wellicht) door willen gaan met
kopiëren. De DFC bekritiseert daarmee niet het werkelijke doel van het
White Paper: om uitgevers meer macht te geven en de centrale beslissing om
tegen de grondwet in te gaan en uitgevers boven gebruikers te stellen. Het
ontbreken van kritiek hierop zou op kunnen worden gevat als instemming."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Resisting the pressure for additional power for publishers depends on "
+#| "widespread awareness that the reading and listening public are paramount; "
+#| "that copyright exists for users and not vice versa. If the public is "
+#| "unwilling to accept certain copyright powers, that is ipso facto "
+#| "justification for not offering them. Only by reminding the public and the "
+#| "legislature of the purpose of copyright and the opportunity for the open "
+#| "flow of information can we ensure that the public prevails."
+msgid "Resisting the pressure for additional power for publishers depends on
widespread awareness that the reading and listening public are paramount; that
copyright exists for users and not vice versa. If the public is unwilling to
accept certain copyright powers, that is ipso facto justification for not
offering them. Only by reminding the public and the legislature of the purpose
of copyright and the opportunity for the open flow of information can we ensure
that the public prevails."
+msgstr "Je verzetten tegen de druk om uitgevers meer macht te geven hangt af
van een algeheel bewustzijn dat de belangen van het lezende en luisterende
publiek het belangrijkst zijn; dat het auteursrecht er is voor de gebruikers en
niet andersom. Wanneer de gemeenschap bepaalde auteursrechten niet accepteert
is dit reden genoeg om ze niet door te voeren. Alleen door het publiek en de
wetgevende macht eraan te herinneren dat het doel van het auteursrecht een
vrije stroom van informatie is, kunnen we veilig stellen dat de gemeenschap
recht wordt gedaan."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "ENDNOTES"
+msgid "ENDNOTES"
+msgstr "Voetnoten"
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft2\" name=\"ft2\">[2]</a>-]{+[2]+} Informational Infrastructure
+# | Task Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information
+# | Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property
+# | Rights (1995).
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft2\" name=\"ft2\">[2]</a> Informational Infrastructure Task "
+#| "Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure: "
+#| "The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights (1995)."
+msgid "[2] Informational Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and
the National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on
Intellectual Property Rights (1995)."
+msgstr "[2] Informational Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and
the National Information Infrastructure: Het rapport van de werkgroep over
intellectueel eigendom. (1995)."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft3\" name=\"ft3\">[3]</a>-]{+[3]+} John Perry Barlow, Remarks
+# | at the Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995).
+# | Mr. Barlow is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation,
+# | an organization which promotes freedom of expression in digital media, and
+# | is also a former lyricist for the Grateful Dead.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft3\" name=\"ft3\">[3]</a> John Perry Barlow, Remarks at the "
+#| "Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. "
+#| "Barlow is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an "
+#| "organization which promotes freedom of expression in digital media, and "
+#| "is also a former lyricist for the Grateful Dead."
+msgid "[3] John Perry Barlow, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Barlow is one of the founders of the
Electronic Frontier Foundation, an organization which promotes freedom of
expression in digital media, and is also a former lyricist for the Grateful
Dead."
+msgstr "[3] John Perry Barlow, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Barlow is één van de
oprichters van de Electronic Frontier Foundation, een organsatie die vrijheid
predikt van digitale media, en tevens gewezen liedjesschrijver van de Grateful
Dead."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft4\" name=\"ft4\">[4]</a>-]{+[4]+} Gary Glisson, Remarks at the
+# | Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995); see
+# | also Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's Defense of the NII White Paper, 75 Or.
+# | L. Rev. (1996) (supporting the White Paper). Mr. Glisson is a partner and
+# | chair of the Intellectual Property Group at Lane Powell Spears Lubersky in
+# | Portland, Oregon.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft4\" name=\"ft4\">[4]</a> Gary Glisson, Remarks at the "
+#| "Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995); see "
+#| "also Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's Defense of the NII White Paper, 75 "
+#| "Or. L. Rev. (1996) (supporting the White Paper). Mr. Glisson is a "
+#| "partner and chair of the Intellectual Property Group at Lane Powell "
+#| "Spears Lubersky in Portland, Oregon."
+msgid "[4] Gary Glisson, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995); see also Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's
Defense of the NII White Paper, 75 Or. L. Rev. (1996) (supporting the White
Paper). Mr. Glisson is a partner and chair of the Intellectual Property Group
at Lane Powell Spears Lubersky in Portland, Oregon."
+msgstr "[4] Gary Glisson, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995); zie ook: Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's
Defense of the NII White Paper, 75 Or. L. Rev. (1996) (steunt het White Paper).
Mr. Glisson is een partner en bestuurslid van de Intellectual Property Group
bij Lane Powell Spears Lubersky in Portland, Oregon."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft5\" name=\"ft5\">[5]</a>-]{+[5]+} Steven Winter, Remarks at
+# | the Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995).
+# | Mr. Winter is a professor at the University of Miami School of Law.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft5\" name=\"ft5\">[5]</a> Steven Winter, Remarks at the "
+#| "Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. "
+#| "Winter is a professor at the University of Miami School of Law."
+msgid "[5] Steven Winter, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Winter is a professor at the
University of Miami School of Law."
+msgstr "[5] Steven Winter, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Winter is een professor aan de
rechtenfaculteit van de universiteit van Miami."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft6\" name=\"ft6\">[6]</a>-]{+[6]+} Winter, supra note 4.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid "<a id=\"ft6\" name=\"ft6\">[6]</a> Winter, supra note 4."
+msgid "[6] Winter, supra note 4."
+msgstr "[6] Winter, supra noot 4."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft7\" name=\"ft7\">[7]</a>-]{+[7]+} See Laurence H. Tribe, The
+# | Constitution in Cyberspace: Law and Liberty Beyond the Electronic
+# | Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at 15.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft7\" name=\"ft7\">[7]</a> See Laurence H. Tribe, The "
+#| "Constitution in Cyberspace: Law and Liberty Beyond the Electronic "
+#| "Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at 15."
+msgid "[7] See Laurence H. Tribe, The Constitution in Cyberspace: Law and
Liberty Beyond the Electronic Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at 15."
+msgstr "[7] Zie Laurence H. Tribe, The Constitution in Cyberspace: Law and
Liberty Beyond the Electronic Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, op 15."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft8\" name=\"ft8\">[8]</a>-]{+[8]+} Tim Sloan, Remarks at the
+# | Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr.
+# | Sloan is a member of the National Telecommunication and Information
+# | Administration.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft8\" name=\"ft8\">[8]</a> Tim Sloan, Remarks at the Innovation "
+#| "and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Sloan is a "
+#| "member of the National Telecommunication and Information Administration."
+msgid "[8] Tim Sloan, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Sloan is a member of the National
Telecommunication and Information Administration."
+msgstr "[8] Tim Sloan, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Sloan is lid van de National
Telecommunication and Information Administration."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft9\" name=\"ft9\">[9]</a>-]{+[9]+} See Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale
+# | of Two Copyrights: Liberary Property in Revolutionary France and America,
+# | in, Of Authors and Origins: Essays on Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad
+# | Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994) (stating that the Constitution's
+# | framers either meant to “subordinate[] the author's interests to the
+# | public benefit,” or to “treat the private and public
+# | interests…even-handedly.”).
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft9\" name=\"ft9\">[9]</a> See Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two "
+#| "Copyrights: Liberary Property in Revolutionary France and America, in, Of "
+#| "Authors and Origins: Essays on Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad Sherman "
+#| "& Alain Strowel, eds., 1994) (stating that the Constitution's framers "
+#| "either meant to “subordinate[] the author's interests to the public "
+#| "benefit,” or to “treat the private and public "
+#| "interests…even-handedly.”)."
+msgid "[9] See Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two Copyrights: Liberary Property
in Revolutionary France and America, in, Of Authors and Origins: Essays on
Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994)
(stating that the Constitution's framers either meant to “subordinate[]
the author's interests to the public benefit,” or to “treat the
private and public interests…even-handedly.”)."
+msgstr "[9] Zie Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two Copyrights: Liberary Property
in Revolutionary France and America, uit, Of Authors and Origins: Essays on
Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994)
(waarin staat dat de makers van de grondwet hetzij de bedoeling hadden
“de belangen van de auteurs ondergeschikt te maken aan die van het
maatschappelijk belang”, of om “het eigen- en publieke belang
gelijk te behandelen”)"
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft10\" name=\"ft10\">[10]</a>-]{+[10]+} U.S. Const., art. I, p.
+# | 8, cl. 8 (“Congress shall have Power…to promote the Progress
+# | of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and
+# | Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
+# | Discoveries.”).
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft10\" name=\"ft10\">[10]</a> U.S. Const., art. I, p. 8, cl. 8 "
+#| "(“Congress shall have Power…to promote the Progress of "
+#| "Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and "
+#| "Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and "
+#| "Discoveries.”)."
+msgid "[10] U.S. Const., art. I, p. 8, cl. 8 (“Congress shall have
Power…to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing
for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their
respective Writings and Discoveries.”)."
+msgstr "[10] Amerikaanse grondwet, art. I, p. 8, cl. 8 (“Het Congres zal
de macht hebben…de voortgang in wetenschap en kunst te stimuleren door
auteurs en uitvinders een tijdelijk exclusief recht te verlenen op hun werken
en uitvindingen.”)."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft11\" name=\"ft11\">[11]</a>-]{+[11]+} 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932).
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid "<a id=\"ft11\" name=\"ft11\">[11]</a> 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932)."
+msgid "[11] 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932)."
+msgstr "[11] 286 V.S. 123, 127 (1932)."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft12\" name=\"ft12\">[12]</a>-]{+[12]+} James Boyle, Remarks at
+# | the Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995).
+# | Mr. Boyle is a Professor of Law at American University in Washington, D.C.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft12\" name=\"ft12\">[12]</a> James Boyle, Remarks at the "
+#| "Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. "
+#| "Boyle is a Professor of Law at American University in Washington, D.C."
+msgid "[12] James Boyle, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Boyle is a Professor of Law at
American University in Washington, D.C."
+msgstr "[12] James Boyle, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Boyle is een professor aan de
rechtenfaculteit van de American University in Washington, D.C."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft13\" name=\"ft13\">[13]</a>-]{+[13]+} Jessica Litman, Remarks
+# | at the Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995).
+# | Ms. Litman is a Professor at Wayne State University Law School in Detroit,
+# | Michigan.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft13\" name=\"ft13\">[13]</a> Jessica Litman, Remarks at the "
+#| "Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Ms. "
+#| "Litman is a Professor at Wayne State University Law School in Detroit, "
+#| "Michigan."
+msgid "[13] Jessica Litman, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Ms. Litman is a Professor at Wayne State
University Law School in Detroit, Michigan."
+msgstr "[13] Jessica Litman, Remarks at the Innovation and the Information
Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mw. Litman is een professor aan de
rechtenfaculteit van de Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft14\" name=\"ft14\">[14]</a>-]{+[14]+} Pamela Samuelson, The
+# | Copyright Grab, Wired, Jan. 1996. Ms. Samuelson is a Professor at Cornell
+# | Law School.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft14\" name=\"ft14\">[14]</a> Pamela Samuelson, The Copyright "
+#| "Grab, Wired, Jan. 1996. Ms. Samuelson is a Professor at Cornell Law "
+#| "School."
+msgid "[14] Pamela Samuelson, The Copyright Grab, Wired, Jan. 1996. Ms.
Samuelson is a Professor at Cornell Law School."
+msgstr "[14] Pamela Samuelson, The Copyright Grab, Wired, Jan. 1996. Mw.
Samuelson is een professor aan de Cornell Law School."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"ft15\" name=\"ft15\">[15]</a>-]{+[15]+} Digital Future
+# | Coalition, Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern Over Intellectual
+# | Property Proposals, Nov. 15, 1995.
+#. (available at URL:
+#. <a href="http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html">
+#. http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html</a>)
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"ft15\" name=\"ft15\">[15]</a> Digital Future Coalition, Broad-"
+#| "Based Coalition Expresses Concern Over Intellectual Property Proposals, "
+#| "Nov. 15, 1995."
+msgid "[15] Digital Future Coalition, Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern
Over Intellectual Property Proposals, Nov. 15, 1995."
+msgstr "[15] Digital Future Coalition, Brede Coalitie Spreekt Zijn Zorg Uit
Over Voorstellen Aangaande Het Intellectueel Eigendom, Nov. 15, 1995."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "LATER NOTES"
+msgid "LATER NOTES"
+msgstr "Recente voetnoten"
+
+# | [-<a id=\"later-1\" name=\"later-1\">[1]</a>-]{+[1]+} This article was
+# | part of the path that led me to recognize the <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> bias and confusion in the term
+# | “intellectual property”</a>. Today I believe that term should
+# | never be used under any circumstances.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"later-1\" name=\"later-1\">[1]</a> This article was part of the "
+#| "path that led me to recognize the <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> "
+#| "bias and confusion in the term “intellectual property”</a>. "
+#| "Today I believe that term should never be used under any circumstances."
+msgid "[1] This article was part of the path that led me to recognize the <a
href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> bias and confusion in the term
“intellectual property”</a>. Today I believe that term should never
be used under any circumstances."
+msgstr "[1] Dit artikel opende mij de ogen over de <a
href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.nl.html\">vooroordelen en verwarrende aard van de
term “intellectueel eigendom”</a>. Tegenwoordig ben ik van mening
dat je de uitdrukking nooit moet gebruiken, voor wat dan ook."
+
+# | [-<a id=\"later-2\" name=\"later-2\">[2]</a>-]{+[2]+} Here I fell into the
+# | fashionable error of writing “intellectual property” when what
+# | I meant was just “copyright”. This is like writing
+# | “Europe” when you mean “France”—it causes
+# | confusion that is easy to avoid.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a id=\"later-2\" name=\"later-2\">[2]</a> Here I fell into the "
+#| "fashionable error of writing “intellectual property” when "
+#| "what I meant was just “copyright”. This is like writing "
+#| "“Europe” when you mean “France”—it causes "
+#| "confusion that is easy to avoid."
+msgid "[2] Here I fell into the fashionable error of writing
“intellectual property” when what I meant was just
“copyright”. This is like writing “Europe” when you
mean “France”—it causes confusion that is easy to avoid."
+msgstr "[2] Hier maakte ik zelf de modische fout door “intellectueel
eigendom” te schrijven terwijl ik “auteursrecht” bedoelde.
Dit is net als het schrijven van “Europa” wanneer je eigenlijk
“Frankrijk” bedoeld—het geeft verwarring en is eenvoudig te
voorkomen."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other "
+#| "ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+msgid "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr "Gelieve vragen over FSF & GNU te sturen naar <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Er zijn ook nog <a
href=\"/contact/\">andere manieren om in contact te komen</a> met de FSF."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+#| "\"mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid "Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr "Gelieve meldingen van verkeerde links en andere verbeteringen (of
suggesties) te sturen aan: <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#| "translations of this article."
+msgid "Please see the <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr "Zie <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a>
voor nadere informatie over het eventueel vertalen van dit artikel."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#| msgid "Copyright © 1996, 1999 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgid "Copyright © 1996, 1999 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 1996, 1999 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr "Deze pagina valt onder de <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States Licentie</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Bijgewerkt:"
+
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