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www/philosophy words-to-avoid.it.html po/europe...
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
Subject: |
www/philosophy words-to-avoid.it.html po/europe... |
Date: |
Thu, 29 Dec 2011 09:27:05 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 11/12/29 09:27:05
Modified files:
philosophy : words-to-avoid.it.html
philosophy/po : europes-unitary-patent.translist
philosophy.zh-cn.po words-to-avoid.it-en.html
words-to-avoid.it.po
Added files:
philosophy : europes-unitary-patent.ru.html
philosophy/po : europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: words-to-avoid.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- words-to-avoid.it.html 29 Dec 2011 01:26:12 -0000 1.6
+++ words-to-avoid.it.html 29 Dec 2011 09:26:53 -0000 1.7
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
un'opinione che speriamo non condividiate per intero.</p>
<div class="announcement">
-Vedete anche <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorie di Software
+Vedere anche <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorie di Software
Libero</a>.</div>
<p>
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
brevettati Ogg Vorbis e FLAC, e potrebbero anche non supportare i file MP3,
proprio per evitare problemi di brevetti. Chiamare “MP3 player”
un dispositivo del genere non solo fa confusione, ma mette il formato MP3 in
-un'immeritate posizione di privilegio che incoraggia la gente a utilizzare
+un'immeritata posizione di privilegio che incoraggia la gente a utilizzare
quel problematico formato. Suggeriamo il termine “riproduttore audio
digitale” o semplicamente “riproduttore audio” se adatto
al contesto.</p>
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2011/12/29 01:26:12 $
+$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/europes-unitary-patent.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/europes-unitary-patent.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:23 -0000 1.3
+++ po/europes-unitary-patent.translist 29 Dec 2011 09:26:59 -0000 1.4
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: po/philosophy.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- po/philosophy.zh-cn.po 29 Dec 2011 03:29:13 -0000 1.23
+++ po/philosophy.zh-cn.po 29 Dec 2011 09:26:59 -0000 1.24
@@ -6,99 +6,45 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-29 20:27-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-12-19 20:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-05-01 05:56-0400\n"
"Last-Translator: Li Fanxi <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2011-12-19 20:25-0500\n"
"Language: zh\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
"Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "GNU å·¥ç¨çå²å¦ - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ (FSF)"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project"
msgstr "GNU å·¥ç¨çå²å¦"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Our development of the GNU free software operating system is motivated by "
+#| "the philosophy of the free software movement. This page provides an "
+#| "introduction to that philosophy, links to the latest articles we have on "
+#| "the subject, and links to further resources."
msgid ""
"Our development of the GNU free software operating system is motivated by "
"the philosophy of the free software movement. This page provides an "
-"introduction to that philosophy, links to the latest articles we have on the "
-"subject, and links to further resources."
+"introduction to that philosophy."
msgstr ""
"èªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨ççå²å¦ï¼æ¿å±çæ们ä¸æè¿è¡ GNU
èªç±è½¯ä»¶çå¼åãæ¬é¡µé¢ä»ç» GNU "
"çå²å¦ï¼å¹¶æä¾äºä¸äºç¸å
³çæç« åèµæºé¾æ¥ã"
-# type: Content of: <h3>
-msgid "Latest Articles"
-msgstr "ææ°æç« "
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Hot off the presses, here are the latest published articles on free software "
-"and the GNU project."
-msgstr "以ä¸æ¯ææ°å表çæå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶å GNU å·¥ç¨çæç« ã"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For "
-"Your Copyright</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For "
-"Your Copyright (è±æ)</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free "
-"Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free "
-"Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google </a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-"
-"economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and "
-"the other clown taketh away</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-"
-"economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and "
-"the other clown taketh away ï¼è±æï¼</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does That "
-"Server Really Serve?</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does That "
-"Server Really Serve?</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\">Why I Will Not Sign the "
-"Public Domain Manifesto</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\">Why I Will Not Sign the "
-"Public Domain Manifesto</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">On Selling Exceptions to the "
-"GNU GPL</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">On Selling Exceptions to the "
-"GNU GPL</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <h3>
-msgid "About Free Software"
-msgstr "å
³äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶"
-
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use software "
"in all the ways that are socially useful. Software differs from material "
@@ -112,22 +58,49 @@
"å°è¢«å¤å¶æä¿®æ¹ãæ°æ°æ¯è¿ä¸ç¹æ§ï¼ä½¿å¾è½¯ä»¶æ´ä¸ºæç¨ãæ们ç±æ¤åä¿¡ï¼è½¯ä»¶çè¿ä¸å¤©"
"ç¶å±æ§åºè¯¥è¢«ç¨æ·å©ç¨ã"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "For further reading, please select a section from the menu above."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We also maintain a list of <a href=\"/philosophy/latest-articles.html\">most "
+"recently added articles</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">History of GNU, and discussion of GNU and Linux."
+#| "</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">History of GNU/Linux</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">GNU çåå²ï¼GNU ä¸ Linuxã</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
"Documentation</a>"
@@ -136,16 +109,19 @@
"Documentation</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> is OK!"
msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> is OK!"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\">Motives For Writing Free Software</a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\">Motives For Writing Free Software</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/right-to-read.html\">The Right to Read: A Dystopian "
"Short Story</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"> Richard Stallman</a>"
@@ -154,65 +130,33 @@
"Short Story</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"> Richard Stallman</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open "
+#| "Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>"
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open "
-"Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why \"Open Source"
+"\" misses the point of Free Software</a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open "
"Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>"
-# type: Content of: <h3>
-msgid "Links to more philosophy articles"
-msgstr "æ´å¤ GNU å²å¦æç« "
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"We have many more articles than can fit on a single page. You can find them "
-"on the pages linked here."
-msgstr ""
-"æ们æ太å¤çæç« ä¸è½å¨è¿ä¸ä¸ªé¡µé¢ä¸å
¨é¨ååºï¼æ¨å¯ä»¥å¨ä¸é¢çé¾æ¥ä¸æ¾å°å®ä»¬ã"
-
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html\"> Essays and articles.</a> A "
-"series of articles describing the philosophy of the free software movement, "
-"which is the motivation for our development of the free software operating "
-"system GNU."
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html\">éç¬ä¸æç« ï¼</a>
ä¸ç³»åä»ç»"
-"èªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨å²å¦çæç« ãèªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨æ¯å¼å GNU
èªç±æä½ç³»ç»çç²¾ç¥åºç¡ã"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">Speeches and interviews."
-"</a> Links to interviews and Transcriptions of speeches about free software "
-"and the GNU project."
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">æ¼è®²ä¸è®¿è°ï¼</a>
æå
³ "
-"GNU å·¥ç¨ç访è°è®°å½ä¸æ¼è®²ç¨¿ã"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">History of GNU, and discussion of GNU and Linux.</"
-"a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">GNU çåå²ï¼GNU ä¸ Linuxã</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">Third party ideas.</a> These "
-"articles give other people's philosophical opinions in support of free "
-"software, or related issues, and don't speak for the GNU project—but "
-"we more or less agree with them."
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">第ä¸æ¹è§ç¹ï¼</a>
è¿äºæç« è¡¨è¾¾"
-"äºå
¶å®äººå¯¹äºæ¯æèªç±è½¯ä»¶çè§ç¹æç¸å
³çäºä»¶ãè½ç¶ä»ä»¬ä¸æ¯å¨å®£ä¼ GNU å·¥ç¨ï¼æ们"
-"åæ ·å¨æç§ç¨åº¦ä¸èµåä»ä»¬çè§ç¹ã"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
+"can use to promote free software</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
#. please leave both these ID attributes here. ...
#. ... we removed this as an H$ section as it was duplicating the
#. same information on links.html, but it's possible that some users
#. have the URLs bookmarked or on their pages. -len
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"<a id=\"TOCFreedomOrganizations\">We</a> <a id=\"FreedomOrganizations"
"\">also</a> keep a list of <a href=\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations"
@@ -225,16 +169,23 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
"请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ä¸ GNU
çæ¥è¯¢ä¸é®é¢ï¼ä»¥è±è¯ï¼åéå°<a href=\"mailto:"
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>ãæ¨ä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a
href=\"/contact/\">å
¶"
@@ -243,6 +194,26 @@
"address@hidden></a>ã"
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ä¸ GNU
çæ¥è¯¢ä¸é®é¢ï¼ä»¥è±è¯ï¼åéå°<a href=\"mailto:"
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>ãæ¨ä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a
href=\"/contact/\">å
¶"
+"å®æ¹æ³</a> èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ã <br
/>åç°ä»»ä½é误åé¾æ¥æå
¶å®éè¦æ´æ£çå°æ¹"
+"ï¼æä»»ä½å»ºè®®ï¼ï¼è¯·åéé®ä»¶è³ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
+"address@hidden></a>ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -251,24 +222,20 @@
"è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">ç¿»è¯æå</a> è·åæå
³åè°åæ交翻è¯çç¸å
³äºé¡¹ã"
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
-"2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr ""
-"çæææ © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, "
-"2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
-"medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
msgstr ""
-"æ¬æå
许å¨ä¸åæ´å
容çåæä¸æ é使ç¨è´¹çå
¨æå¤å¶ååå¸å¨å
¨çä»»ä½åªä½ï¼ä½éä¿"
-"çæ¤æ³¨è®°åçæ声æã "
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"<b>ç¿»è¯</b>: æå¡å¸ 2010 <br></br>\n"
@@ -276,12 +243,134 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼"
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+#~ msgid "Latest Articles"
+#~ msgstr "ææ°æç« "
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Hot off the presses, here are the latest published articles on free "
+#~ "software and the GNU project."
+#~ msgstr "以ä¸æ¯ææ°å表çæå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶å GNU å·¥ç¨çæç«
ã"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For "
+#~ "Your Copyright</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html\">When a Company Asks For "
+#~ "Your Copyright (è±æ)</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free "
+#~ "Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html\">GNU & The Free "
+#~ "Software Foundation - Engineering Tech Talk at Google </a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-"
+#~ "economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth "
+#~ "and the other clown taketh away</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-"
+#~ "economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth "
+#~ "and the other clown taketh away ï¼è±æï¼</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does "
+#~ "That Server Really Serve?</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does "
+#~ "That Server Really Serve?</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html\">Why I Will Not Sign "
+#~ "the Public Domain Manifesto</a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
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Index: po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html
===================================================================
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<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/29 01:26:19 $
+$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:59 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/words-to-avoid.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
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Index: europes-unitary-patent.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: europes-unitary-patent.ru.html
diff -N europes-unitary-patent.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ europes-unitary-patent.ru.html 29 Dec 2011 09:26:53 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+
+
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.57 -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>ÐвÑопейÑкий “ÑоÑзнÑй паÑенє:
неогÑаниÑеннÑе паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ - пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" -->
+<h2>ÐвÑопейÑкий “ÑоÑзнÑй паÑенє:
неогÑаниÑеннÑе паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+пÑогÑаммÑ</h2>
+<p>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен<br />ÐпеÑвÑе опÑбликовано в
<a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning">“ÐаÑдиан”</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑлед за индÑÑÑÑией пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack">давно
+пÑедÑгаданнÑе ÑоÑалÑнÑе паÑенÑнÑе
войнÑ</a>, коÑоÑÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑвÑÑвовали,
+ÐвÑопейÑкий ÑоÑз планиÑÑÐµÑ ÑледоваÑÑ Ñем
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+план, коÑоÑÑй, видимо, Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑи паÑенÑÑ Ð²
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+
+<p>ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они
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пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ лиÑеÑаÑÑÑнÑе
+паÑенÑÑ”, “ÐаÑдиан”, 20 иÑнÑ
2005 года.</p>
+
+<p>Ркаждой пÑогÑамме комбиниÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
идей; в кÑÑпной пÑогÑамме иÑ
+ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑÑи. Ðо недавним оÑенкам
Google, в ÑмаÑÑÑоне Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a
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ÑоÑÑавлÑло 0,25% Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ñей ÑиÑÑемÑ.)</p>
+
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ÑодейÑÑвовали ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ
+паÑенÑов на пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ. Ð
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+пÑинÑл во вÑоÑом ÑÑении диÑекÑивÑ,
пÑедложеннÑÑ ÐвÑопейÑкой комиÑÑией,
+ÑзакониваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐеÑед
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+попÑавки, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑгнÑÑÑ Ñакие паÑенÑÑ,
но Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑ ÐвÑÐ¾Ð¿Ñ Ð¾Ñменил ÑÑи
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+
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паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑÑо пÑогÑаммнÑе идеи,
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паÑенÑа имелÑÑ ÑизиÑеÑкий
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“изобÑеÑаÑелÑнÑй ÑÑовенє,
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+
+<p>ÐÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо заÑвка на паÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
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ниÑ
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вÑполнÑÑÑ ÐºÑÑпнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑнÑÑ
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+
+<p>ÐоÑное обÑеÑÑвенное движение —
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+напÑавленное на Ñо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑбедиÑÑ
ÐвÑопейÑкий паÑÐ»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ — пÑивело
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ÐÑоÑÑо поддеÑживаÑÑие иÑ
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+ÑеÑили в поÑледнÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑбÑоÑиÑÑ Ñвое
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+
+<p>ÐобÑоволÑнÑе акÑивиÑÑÑ ÑазоÑлиÑÑ, дÑмаÑ,
ÑÑо биÑва вÑигÑана, но коÑпоÑаÑии
+плаÑили Ñвоим полиÑикам, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
пÑодолжали ÑÑо дело. Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ измÑÑлили
+дÑÑгой извоÑоÑливÑй меÑод: ÑиÑÑемÑ
“ÑоÑзнÑÑ
паÑенÑов”,
+пÑедложеннÑÑ ÐвÑоÑоÑзÑ. Ðогда в ÑамкаÑ
ÑÑой ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐвÑопейÑкое паÑенÑное
+бÑÑо вÑÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑ, он бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð°Ð²ÑомаÑиÑеÑки
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веÑÑ ÐвÑоÑоÑз, кÑоме ÐÑпании и
+ÐÑалии.</p>
+
+<p>Ðак ÑÑо повлиÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммнÑе паÑенÑÑ?
ÐÑевидно, либо ÑиÑÑема ÑоÑзнÑÑ
+паÑенÑов бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
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+допÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
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ÑамоÑÑоÑÑелÑно избежаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
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+ÐÑо бÑло Ð±Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑо — веÑно?</p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑно — еÑли не ÑÑиÑÑваÑÑ Ñого, ÑÑо
план бÑл ÑоÑÑавлен Ñак, ÑÑобÑ
+пÑедоÑвÑаÑиÑÑ ÑÑо. ÐеболÑÑаÑ, но
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+бÑдÑÑ ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° оÑновании пÑавил
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веÑевки из евÑопейÑкиÑ
+пÑедпÑинимаÑелей и полÑзоваÑелей
компÑÑÑеÑов, как ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑаÑÑÑдиÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑо кÑовно заинÑеÑеÑовано в
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении паÑенÑов на ÑÑолÑко ÑÑеÑ
жизни,
+на ÑколÑко ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑолÑко позволÑÑ. ÐÑли
внеÑние огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (Ñакие, как
+наÑионалÑнÑе ÑÑдÑ) бÑли Ð±Ñ ÑнÑÑÑ, бÑÑо
могло Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ
+или лÑбÑе дÑÑгие ÑпоÑнÑе ÑазновидноÑÑи
паÑенÑов. ÐапÑимеÑ, еÑли оно ÑеÑиÑ,
+ÑÑо еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑе Ð³ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑоÑпоÑобнÑ,
как <a
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+ÑÑо ÑолÑко ÑÑо Ñделал апеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд
СШÐ</a>, никÑо не ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑмениÑÑ
+ÑÑо ÑеÑение, кÑоме, возможно, СÑда
ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза.</p>
+
+<p>ФакÑиÑеÑки ÑеÑение бÑÑо о паÑенÑаÑ
на
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ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммÑ,
+пÑенебÑÐµÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñом, коÑоÑÑй ÑÑÑедил
его. (См. <a
+href="http://webshop.ffii.org/">“ÐÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð½ в
ÐнÑеÑнеÑе
+запаÑенÑован”</a>.) РнаÑÑоÑÑее вÑемÑ,
однако, каждое гоÑÑдаÑÑÑво
+ÑеÑаеÑ, дейÑÑвиÑелÑÐ½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑи паÑенÑÑ. ÐÑли
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑинÑÑа ÑиÑÑема ÑоÑзнÑÑ
+паÑенÑов и ÐвÑопейÑкое паÑенÑное бÑÑо
полÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÑконÑÑолÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ
+пÑинимаÑÑ ÑеÑениÑ, ÐвÑопа полÑÑиÑ
паÑенÑнÑе Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ñ Ð² ÑÑиле СШÐ.</p>
+
+<p>РмаÑÑе СÑд ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза
поÑÑановил, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема ÑоÑзнÑÑ
паÑенÑов
+должна бÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑена Ñвоей ÑÑиÑдикÑией,
но неÑÑно, бÑдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ в ÑÑÑ
+ÑÑиÑдикÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ñ
одиÑÑ ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑакиÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
вопÑоÑов, как “могÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
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ÐеÑÑно ÑÑо поÑомÑ, ÑÑо
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ÑоглаÑение ÑооÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¡Ñдом
+ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑли СÑд ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза можеÑ
пÑинимаÑÑ ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑом, Ñо в ÑÑом плане
+не бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñего оÑобо каÑаÑÑÑоÑиÑного.
ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð²
+одном Ñаге Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ. Ðо пÑинÑÑиÑ
Ñакой ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐвÑопе ÑледÑеÑ
+пеÑепиÑаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ,
ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑ Ð²
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невозможно, Ñо лÑÑÑе вÑего
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ÐезнаÑиÑелÑнÑе ÑпÑоÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑоÑÑ
каÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ;
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ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо дела везде
+пойдÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о.</p>
+
+<p>ÐажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво
ÐеликобÑиÑании Ñ
оÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ,
поÑколÑÐºÑ <a
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2010 года
+оно вÑÑазило пожелание</a>, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¡Ñд
ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза не имел пÑиоÑиÑеÑа
+над ÑÑой ÑиÑÑемой. ÐоÑлÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво ХаÑгÑивÑа? ÐÐ·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ оно
+мнение об ÑÑом плане? ÐÑиÑанÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом.</p>
+
+<p>ÐодÑобнее о недоÑÑаÑкаÑ
и ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
изÑÑнаÑ
ÑÑого плана можно найÑи на <a
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+
+<p>ÐÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑиÑе, ÑÑо ÑеÑмин
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ” в
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дÑÑг
Ñ Ð´ÑÑгом законов. Ðаже еÑли мÑ
+ÑаÑÑмоÑÑим пÑоÑÑо паÑенÑное пÑаво и
авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво, Ñо они наÑÑолÑко
+ÑазлиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ñвоим ÑÑебованиÑм и
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑам, ÑÑо делаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ двÑÑ
+ÑÑиÑ
каÑегоÑиÑÑ
— ÑÑо оÑибка. ЧÑобÑ
не вводиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей в обобÑениÑ
+о неÑвÑзаннÑÑ
законаÑ
, Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не
ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑ ÑеÑмина
+“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”, и
мне он никогда не ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом.<br />
+ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и пÑедложениÑм
пеÑеводов ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи Ñм. в <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2011 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:53 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations">
+ -->
+<!-- <h4>
+Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- See also '(web-trans)Capitalization': -->
+<!--
http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html
-->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <gnun>
+
+<ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a -->
+<!-- href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
+<!-- </div>
+ -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html
diff -N po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html 29 Dec 2011 09:26:58 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.57 -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Europe's “unitary patent” Could Mean Unlimited
+Software Patents - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" -->
+<h2>Europe's “unitary patent” could mean unlimited
+software patents</h2>
+<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in <a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning">
+The Guardian</a></p>
+
+<p>Just as the US software industry is experiencing <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack">the
+long anticipated all-out software patent wars</a> that we have
+anticipated, the European Union has a plan to follow the same course.
+When the Hargreaves report urged the UK to avoid software patents, the
+UK had already approved plan that is likely to impose them on UK.</p>
+
+<p>Software patents are dangerous to software developers because they
+impose monopolies on software ideas. It is not feasible or safe to
+develop nontrivial software if you must thread a maze of patents. See
+“Software Patents and Literary Patents”, Guardian, June 20,
+2005.</p>
+
+<p>Every program combines many ideas; a large program implements thousands
+of them. Google recently estimated there <a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google">might
+be 250,000 patented ideas</a> in a smartphone. I find that figure
+plausible because in 2004 I estimated that the GNU/Linux operating
+system implemented around 100,000 actually patented ideas. (Linux, the
+kernel, had been found by Dan Ravicher to contain 283 such ideas, and
+was estimated to be .25% of the whole system at the time.)</p>
+
+<p>The consequences are becoming manifest now in the US, but multinational
+companies have long lobbied to spread software patents around the world.
+In 2005, the European Parliament took up the second reading of a
+directive that had been proposed by the European Commission to authorize
+software patents. The Parliament had previously amended it to reject
+them, but the Council of Europe had undone those amendments.</p>
+
+<p>The Commission's text was written in a sneaky way: when read by
+laymen, it appeared to forbid patents on pure software ideas, because it
+required a patent application to have a physical aspect. However, it
+did not require the “inventive step”, the advance that
+constitutes a patentable “invention”, to be physical.</p>
+
+<p>This meant that a patent application could present the required physical
+aspect just by mentioning the usual physical elements of the computer on
+which the program would run (processor, memory, display, etc.). It
+would not have to propose any advance in these physical elements, just
+cite them as part of the larger system also containing the software.
+Any computational idea could be patented this way. Such a patent would
+only cover software meant for running on a computer, but that was not
+much of a limitation, since it is not practical to run a large program
+by hand simulation.</p>
+
+<p>A massive grass-roots effort—the first one ever directed at
+convincing the European Parliament—resulted in defeat of the
+directive. But that does not mean we convinced half of Parliament to
+reject software patents. Rather, it seems the pro-patent forces decided
+at the last minute to junk their own proposal.</p>
+
+<p>The volunteer activists drifted away, thinking the battle won, but the
+corporate lobbyists for software patents were paid to stay on the job.
+Now they have contrived another sneaky method: the “unitary
+patent” system proposed for the EU. Under this system, if the
+European Patent Office issues a patent, it will automatically be valid
+in every participating country, which in this case means all of the EU
+except for Spain and Italy.</p>
+
+<p>How would that affect software patents? Evidently, either the unitary
+patent system would allow software patents or it wouldn't. If it
+allows them, no country will be able to escape them on its own. That
+would be bad, but what if the system rejects software patents? Then it
+would be good—right?</p>
+
+<p>Right—except the plan was designed to prevent that. A small but
+crucial detail in the plan is that appeals against the EPO's
+decisions would be decided based on the EPO's own rules. The EPO
+could thus tie European business and computer users in knots to its
+heart's content.</p>
+
+<p>The EPO has a vested interest in extending patents into as many areas of
+life as it can get away with. With external limits (such as national
+courts) removed, the EPO could impose software patents, or any other
+controversial kind of patents. For instance, if it chooses to decide
+that natural genes are patentable, as <a
+href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml">a
+US appeals court just did</a>, no one could reverse that decision except
+perhaps the European Court of Justice.</p>
+
+<p>In fact, the EPO's decision about software patents has already
+been made, and can be seen in action. The EPO has issued tens of
+thousands of software patents, in contempt for the treaty that
+established it. (See <a href="http://webshop.ffii.org/">“Your web
+shop is patented”</a>.) At present, though, each state decides
+whether those patents are valid. If the unitary patent system is adopted
+and the EPO gets unchecked power to decide, Europe will get US-style
+patent wars.</p>
+
+<p>The European Court of Justice ruled in March that a unitary patent
+system would have to be subject to its jurisdiction, but it isn't
+clear whether its jurisdiction would include substantive policy
+decisions such as “can software ideas be patented?”
+That's because it's not clear how the European Patent
+Convention relates to the ECJ.</p>
+
+<p>If the ECJ can decide this, the plan would no longer be certain
+disaster. Instead, the ball would be one bounce away from disaster.
+Before adopting such a system, Europe should rewrite the plan to make
+certain software is safe from patents. If that can't be done, the
+next best thing is to reject the plan entirely. Minor simplifications
+are not worth a disaster; harmonization is a misguided goal if it means
+doing things wrong everywhere.</p>
+
+<p>The UK government seems to wish for the disaster, since <a
+href="http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf">it stated in
+December 2010</a> that it wanted the ECJ not have a say over the system.
+Will the government listen to Hargreaves and change its mind about this
+plan? Britons must insist on this.</p>
+
+<p>More information about the drawbacks and legal flaws of this plan can be
+found in <a href="http://unitary-patent.eu">unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p>
+
+<p>You will note that the term “intellectual property” has not
+been used in this article. That term spreads confusion because it is
+applied to a dozen unrelated laws. Even if we consider just patent law
+and copyright law, they are so different in their requirements and
+effects that generalizing about the two is a mistake. Absolutely
+nothing in this article pertains to copyright law. To avoid leading
+people to generalize about disparate laws, I never use the term
+“intellectual property”, and I never miss it either.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/29 09:26:58 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- See also '(web-trans)Capitalization': -->
+<!--
http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html
-->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a -->
+<!-- href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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