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www copyleft/copyleft.ru.html copyleft/po/copyl...
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From: |
Yavor Doganov |
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Subject: |
www copyleft/copyleft.ru.html copyleft/po/copyl... |
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Date: |
Mon, 26 Dec 2011 09:29:42 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 11/12/26 09:29:41
Modified files:
copyleft : copyleft.ru.html
copyleft/po : copyleft.translist
distros : common-distros.ru.html distros.ru.html
free-distros.ru.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html
distros/po : common-distros.ru-en.html distros.translist
free-distros.ru-en.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist
gnu : gnu-history.ru.html gnu-linux-faq.ru.html
gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html
gnu.ru.html initial-announcement.ru.html
linux-and-gnu.ru.html manifesto.ru.html
why-gnu-linux.ru.html
gnu/po : gnu-history.translist gnu-linux-faq.ru-en.html
gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist
gnu.translist initial-announcement.translist
linux-and-gnu.ru-en.html manifesto.translist
why-gnu-linux.translist
graphics : agnuhead.ru.html
graphics/po : agnuhead.ru-en.html agnuhead.translist
help : help.ru.html
help/po : help.translist
licenses : gpl-faq.ru.html license-recommendations.ru.html
quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html translations.ru.html
licenses/po : gpl-faq.ru-en.html gpl-faq.translist
license-recommendations.ru-en.html
license-recommendations.translist
quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html
quick-guide-gplv3.translist
translations.ru-en.html
philosophy : bsd.ru.html categories.ru.html
compromise.ru.html enforcing-gpl.ru.html
free-software-for-freedom.ru.html
free-software-intro.ru.html free-sw.ru.html
freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html
freedom-or-power.ru.html gif.ru.html
gnutella.ru.html linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html
microsoft-antitrust.ru.html
microsoft-old.ru.html microsoft-verdict.ru.html
microsoft.ru.html netscape-npl.ru.html
netscape.ru.html no-word-attachments.ru.html
not-ipr.ru.html
open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html
papadopoulos-response.ru.html
philosophy.ru.html pirate-party.cs.html
reevaluating-copyright.ru.html
selling-exceptions.ru.html selling.ru.html
shouldbefree.ru.html
the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html udi.ru.html
why-copyleft.ru.html why-free.ru.html x.ru.html
philosophy/po : bsd.translist categories.ru-en.html
categories.translist compromise.translist
enforcing-gpl.translist
free-software-for-freedom.translist
free-software-intro.translist
free-sw.ru-en.html free-sw.translist
freedom-or-copyright-old.translist
freedom-or-power.translist gif.translist
gnutella.translist linux-gnu-freedom.translist
microsoft-antitrust.translist
microsoft-old.translist
microsoft-verdict.translist microsoft.translist
netscape-npl.translist netscape.translist
no-word-attachments.ru-en.html
not-ipr.translist
open-source-misses-the-point.translist
papadopoulos-response.translist
philosophy.ru-en.html pirate-party.cs.po
pirate-party.translist
reevaluating-copyright.translist
selling-exceptions.translist selling.translist
shouldbefree.translist
the-danger-of-ebooks.ru-en.html
the-danger-of-ebooks.translist udi.translist
why-copyleft.translist why-free.translist
x.translist
Added files:
copyleft/po : copyleft.ru-en.html
distros/po : distros.ru-en.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru-en.html
gnu/po : gnu-history.ru-en.html
gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru-en.html
gnu.ru-en.html initial-announcement.ru-en.html
manifesto.ru-en.html why-gnu-linux.ru-en.html
help/po : help.ru-en.html
philosophy/po : bsd.ru-en.html compromise.ru-en.html
enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html
free-software-for-freedom.ru-en.html
free-software-intro.ru-en.html
freedom-or-copyright-old.ru-en.html
freedom-or-power.ru-en.html gif.ru-en.html
gnutella.ru-en.html
linux-gnu-freedom.ru-en.html
microsoft-antitrust.ru-en.html
microsoft-old.ru-en.html
microsoft-verdict.ru-en.html
microsoft.ru-en.html netscape-npl.ru-en.html
netscape.ru-en.html not-ipr.ru-en.html
open-source-misses-the-point.ru-en.html
papadopoulos-response.ru-en.html
pirate-party.cs-en.html
reevaluating-copyright.ru-en.html
selling-exceptions.ru-en.html
selling.ru-en.html shouldbefree.ru-en.html
udi.ru-en.html why-copyleft.ru-en.html
why-free.ru-en.html x.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/copyleft/po/copyleft.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/copyleft/po/copyleft.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/common-distros.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/distros.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-distros.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/distros.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-distros.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/distros.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/graphics/agnuhead.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/graphics/po/agnuhead.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/graphics/po/agnuhead.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/help/help.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/help/po/help.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/help/po/help.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/gpl-faq.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/license-recommendations.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/translations.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/license-recommendations.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/license-recommendations.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/translations.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/bsd.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/categories.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/compromise.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/gif.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/gnutella.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/microsoft.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/netscape.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/udi.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-free.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/bsd.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-intro.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gif.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gnutella.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-old.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/udi.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/bsd.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-intro.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gif.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gnutella.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-old.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/microsoft.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/udi.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: copyleft/copyleft.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- copyleft/copyleft.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:08:41 -0000 1.37
+++ copyleft/copyleft.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:27:55 -0000 1.38
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
<p>
ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево Ñакже помогаеÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑÑам, желаÑÑим вноÑиÑÑ
<a href="/prep/tasks.html">ÑлÑÑÑениÑ</a> в
-<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>,
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</a>,
полÑÑиÑÑ ÑазÑеÑение делаÑÑ ÑÑо. Такие
пÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑедко ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°
компании либо ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе
делаÑÑ Ð²ÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе
денег.
@@ -231,11 +231,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:08:41 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:27:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -265,6 +267,7 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -302,7 +305,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-->
<!-- Turkish -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: copyleft/po/copyleft.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/copyleft/po/copyleft.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- copyleft/po/copyleft.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:17:23 -0000 1.2
+++ copyleft/po/copyleft.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:02 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,41 +2,41 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Bosnian -->
<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.bs.html">bosanski</a> [bs]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: distros/common-distros.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/common-distros.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- distros/common-distros.ru.html 20 Dec 2011 09:26:51 -0000 1.21
+++ distros/common-distros.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:07 -0000 1.22
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@
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попÑлÑÑнÑй
диÑÑÑибÑÑив GNU/Linux. ÐÑаÑкий оÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑоÑ
вопÑÐ¾Ñ — поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они не ÑледÑÑÑ <a
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диÑÑÑибÑÑивов ÑиÑÑем</a>. Ðо
поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ вÑегда легко понÑÑÑ,
-в какиÑ
оÑноÑениÑÑ
конкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема
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длÑ
+ÑвободнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов ÑиÑÑем</a>. Ðо
поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ вÑегда легко понÑÑÑ, в
+какиÑ
оÑноÑениÑÑ
конкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема
пÑоÑивоÑеÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑим ÑекомендаÑиÑм, нам
пÑодолжаÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑи вопÑоÑÑ.
ÐÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ñбликовали ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпиÑок, ÑÑобÑ
облегÑиÑÑ Ð¾ÑвеÑÑ Ð½Ð° ниÑ
.</p>
<p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑзнаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñобнее о ÑвободнÑÑ
алÑÑеÑнаÑиваÑ
ÑÑим ÑиÑÑемам, обÑаÑиÑеÑÑ Ðº
наÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑпиÑкÑ
-<a href="/distros/free-distros.ru.html">ÑвободнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов
+<a href="/distros/free-distros.html">ÑвободнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов
GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
<p>ÐÑоме ÑеÑ
ÑлÑÑаев, когда ÑÑо оÑмеÑено,
вÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ, пеÑеÑиÑленнÑе на
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/12/20 09:26:51 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:07 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/distros.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/distros.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- distros/distros.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:08:58 -0000 1.6
+++ distros/distros.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:07 -0000 1.7
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@
GNU/Linux,— Ñаким, коÑоÑÑй не вклÑÑаеÑ
никакого неÑвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ. Так Ð²Ñ ÑможеÑе
бÑÑÑ ÑвеÑенÑ, ÑÑо не ÑÑÑанавливаеÑе
никакиÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
ÑпиÑок ÑакиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов:<br />
-<a href="/distros/free-distros.ru.html"> СвободнÑе
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
-GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+<a href="/distros/free-distros.html"> СвободнÑе
диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
<p>
ÐаждÑй из ÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов
не оÑказалÑÑ Ð±Ñ
@@ -41,15 +40,15 @@
<p>
ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑпиÑок пÑоблем, коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑаÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
ÑÑиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑм:<br />
-<a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html"> Ð
екомендаÑии
+<a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"> Ð
екомендаÑии
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов ÑиÑÑем</a>.</p>
<h3 id="otherDistros">ÐопÑлÑÑнÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ</h3>
<p>
Ðного попÑлÑÑнÑÑ
и Ñ
оÑоÑо извеÑÑнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов GNU/Linux
не оÑвеÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñим ÑекомендаÑиÑм. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
пÑоÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð± иÑ
пÑоблемаÑ
здеÑÑ:<br />
-<a href="/distros/common-distros.ru.html"> ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем
одобÑиÑÑ
-многиÑ
Ñ
оÑоÑо извеÑÑнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов
GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+<a href="/distros/common-distros.html"> ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем
одобÑиÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ
+Ñ
оÑоÑо извеÑÑнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
<p>
ÐÑ Ð¿ÑизÑваем ÑазÑабоÑÑиков ÑÑиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов ÑдалиÑÑ
@@ -102,11 +101,13 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:08:58 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:07 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/distros.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -160,7 +162,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: distros/free-distros.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-distros.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- distros/free-distros.ru.html 22 Dec 2011 09:26:40 -0000 1.13
+++ distros/free-distros.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:07 -0000 1.14
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
иÑ
ÑвоевÑеменное обновление.</span></em></p>
<p>Ðалее ÑледÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑнÑе нам
диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ <a
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коÑоÑÑÑ
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, в полиÑике
коÑоÑÑÑ
пÑиÑÑÑÑÑвÑÐµÑ ÑвеÑдое намеÑение вклÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸
пÑедлагаÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñвободное
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Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑиложений,
неÑвободнÑÑ
плаÑÑоÑм пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ,
неÑвободнÑÑ
дÑайвеÑов и неÑвободнÑÑ
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
<p>ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ понимаеÑе, поÑемÑ
опÑеделеннÑй попÑлÑÑнÑй
диÑÑÑибÑÑив не ÑпомÑнÑÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
ÑвеÑиÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñей
ÑÑÑаниÑей, обÑÑÑнÑÑÑей, <a
-href="/distros/common-distros.ru.html">поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ не
одобÑенÑ
+href="/distros/common-distros.html">поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ не одобÑенÑ
некоÑоÑÑе ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненнÑе
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ</a>.
Там нами пеÑеÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑнкÑÑ, в коÑоÑÑÑ
неÑколÑко из Ñ
оÑоÑо извеÑÑнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов пÑоÑивоÑеÑаÑ
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/12/22 09:26:40 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:07 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:08:59
-0000 1.12
+++ distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:07
-0000 1.13
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
<h3 id="final-notes">ÐконÑаÑелÑнÑе замеÑаниÑ</h3>
<p>ÐÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑживаем пеÑеÑÐµÐ½Ñ <a
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диÑÑÑибÑÑивов
+href="/distros/free-distros.html">ÑвободнÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов
ÑиÑÑем</a>, о коÑоÑÑÑ
нам извеÑÑно. ÐÑли вÑ
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пожалÑйÑÑа,
попÑоÑиÑе ÑазÑабоÑÑиков пÑиÑлаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ по
адÑеÑÑ <<a class="reference"
@@ -324,10 +324,12 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:08:59 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:07 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -358,6 +360,7 @@
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- German -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-->
@@ -375,7 +378,8 @@
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href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: distros/po/common-distros.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- distros/po/common-distros.ru-en.html 20 Dec 2011 09:26:57 -0000
1.2
+++ distros/po/common-distros.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:13 -0000
1.3
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/20 09:26:57 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: distros/po/distros.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/distros.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- distros/po/distros.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:16:09 -0000 1.2
+++ distros/po/distros.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:13 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
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<li><a href="/distros/distros.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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<li><a href="/distros/distros.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Slovak -->
-<li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenÄina</a> [sk]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: distros/po/free-distros.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/free-distros.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- distros/po/free-distros.ru-en.html 22 Dec 2011 09:26:46 -0000 1.2
+++ distros/po/free-distros.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:13 -0000 1.3
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/22 09:26:46 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist 25 Dec 2011
05:16:10 -0000 1.2
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist 26 Dec 2011
09:28:14 -0000 1.3
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: gnu/gnu-history.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- gnu/gnu-history.ru.html 24 Oct 2011 16:36:09 -0000 1.11
+++ gnu/gnu-history.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:19 -0000 1.12
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
<p>
Слово “Ñвободнає оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">Ñвободе</a>, а не к Ñене.
ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, вÑ
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Ñвободе</a>, а не к Ñене.
ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, вÑ
заплаÑиÑе за Ñо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
GNU, а Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, и неÑ. РлÑбом
ÑлÑÑае, как ÑолÑко Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаеÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаеÑе ÑÑи оÑобÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²
ÐµÑ Ð¸ÑполÑзовании. ÐеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ — Ñвобода
копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
<p>
Ð 1971 годÑ, когда РиÑаÑд СÑолмен наÑал
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑÑеÑÑ Ð² ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑком
ÑеÑ
нологиÑеÑком инÑÑиÑÑÑе, он ÑабоÑал в
гÑÑппе, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑзовала
-иÑклÑÑиÑелÑно <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑе
+иÑклÑÑиÑелÑно <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>. Ðаже компÑÑÑеÑнÑе компании
неÑедко ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑли ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ñвободно
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑг Ñ Ð´ÑÑгом и ÑаÑÑо
Ñак и поÑÑÑпали.</p>
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
1992 годÑ. ÐбÑединение Linux Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи
законÑенной ÑиÑÑемой GNU дало
полнÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ: ÑиÑÑемÑ
GNU/Linux. СоглаÑно оÑенкам, деÑÑÑки
миллионов лÑдей ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑзÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ
GNU/Linux, обÑÑно в виде <a
-href="/distros/distros.ru.html">диÑÑÑибÑÑивов</a>, ÑакиÑ
,
как Slackware,
+href="/distros/distros.html">диÑÑÑибÑÑивов</a>, ÑакиÑ
,
как Slackware,
Debian, Red Hat и дÑÑгие.</p>
<p>
@@ -171,11 +171,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/10/24 16:36:09 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html 21 Nov 2011 09:26:50 -0000 1.10
+++ gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:20 -0000 1.11
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>ÐÑÑгие ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑом вопÑоÑе
можно полÑÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð° наÑиÑ
ÑÑÑаниÑаÑ
<a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“Linux и пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU”</a>,
<a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“Linux и пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU”</a>, <a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">“ÐоÑемÑ
‘GNU/Linux’?”</a> и <a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html">“ÐолÑзоваÑели
GNU,
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
СпÑаведливоÑÑи Ñади Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
Ñпоминание по менÑÑей меÑе на ÑавнÑÑ
.</p>
<p>Ðолее подÑобно ÑÑо обÑÑÑнÑеÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
<a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“Linux и пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU”</a>
и <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“Linux и пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU”</a> и
<a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html">“ÐолÑзоваÑели
GNU,
коÑоÑÑе никогда не ÑлÑÑали о GNU”</a>; Ñ
иÑÑоÑией можно ознакомиÑÑÑÑ
на ÑÑÑаниÑе <a
href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.ru.html">“ÐÑоекÑ
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
<p>
ÐазÑваÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “GNU/Linux” знаÑиÑ
пÑизнаваÑÑ ÑолÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ
наÑа веÑноÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð¼ ÑÑгÑала в
поÑÑÑоении наÑего ÑообÑеÑÑва, а Ñакже <a
-href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">помогаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвÑ
оÑознаÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкÑÑ
+href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">помогаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвÑ
оÑознаÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкÑÑ
важноÑÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
идеалов</a>.</p>
</dd>
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@
дÑмаÑÑ Ð¾ нÑм. ÐÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ “ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммє и “пÑогÑаммÑ
Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом” —
лозÑнги ÑÑиÑ
двÑÑ
позиÑий. СмоÑÑиÑе Ñакже <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">“ÐоÑемÑ
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">“ÐоÑемÑ
‘оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ’ не
пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ‘ÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма’”</a>.</p>
<p>
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
компÑÑÑеÑов вообÑе, ÑаÑÑо ниÑего не знаÑÑ
о ÑиÑÑеме GNU. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво ÑÑаÑей
о ÑиÑÑеме не ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ названиÑ
“GNU”, ни идеалов, коÑоÑÑе
оÑÑÑÐ°Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ GNU. СÑаÑÑÑ <a
-href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html">“ÐолÑзоваÑели
GNU,
+href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">“ÐолÑзоваÑели
GNU,
коÑоÑÑе никогда не ÑлÑÑали о GNU”</a>
ÑазÑÑÑнÑÐµÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ
подÑобнее.
<p>
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@
ÑÐµÐ»Ñ — ÑделаÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ
попÑлÑÑной, и он веÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² Ñо, ÑÑо еÑ
ÑенноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва ÑоÑÑоиÑ
иÑклÑÑиÑелÑно в пÑакÑиÑеÑкиÑ
доÑÑоинÑÑваÑ
,
коÑоÑÑе она пÑедоÑÑавлÑеÑ: ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ
, надÑжноÑÑи и доÑÑÑпноÑÑи. Ðн
-никогда не вÑÑÑÑпал за <a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ru.html">ÑвободÑ
+никогда не вÑÑÑÑпал за <a
href="/philosophy/why-free.html">ÑвободÑ
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва</a> как ÑÑиÑеÑкий пÑинÑип,
поÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвенноÑÑÑ Ð¸ не
ÑвÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ “Linux” Ñ ÑÑим
пÑинÑипом.
<p>
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/11/21 09:26:50 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html 25 Oct 2011 08:45:18 -0000
1.7
+++ gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:20 -0000
1.8
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑзнаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе об ÑÑой
пÑоблеме, Ð²Ñ Ñакже можеÑе пÑоÑиÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ
ÑÑаÑÑÑ
-<a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html">“ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾
GNU/Linux”</a>,
+<a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">“ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾
GNU/Linux”</a>,
наÑÑ ÑÑÑаниÑÑ <a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">“ÐоÑемÑ
GNU/Linux?”</a>, а Ñакже наÑÑ ÑÑÑаниÑÑ <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“Linux и пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU”</a>.
@@ -100,11 +100,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/10/25 08:45:18 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -131,6 +133,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -160,7 +163,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
<!-- Turkish -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: gnu/gnu.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- gnu/gnu.ru.html 24 Oct 2011 16:36:11 -0000 1.13
+++ gnu/gnu.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:20 -0000 1.14
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
<ul>
<li><a href="/gnu/about-gnu.html">Ðб опеÑаÑионной
ÑиÑÑеме GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html">ÐÑÑоÑиÑеÑкий обзоÑ
GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ru.html">Ðолее подÑобнаÑ
иÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html">ÐеÑвонаÑалÑное
обÑÑвление</a> о
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">ÐÑÑоÑиÑеÑкий обзоÑ
GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">Ðолее подÑобнаÑ
иÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">ÐеÑвонаÑалÑное
обÑÑвление</a> о
пÑоекÑе</li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ru.html">ÐаниÑеÑÑ GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.ru.html">ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ
“BYTE” Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑдом
+ <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">ÐаниÑеÑÑ GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ “BYTE”
Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑдом
СÑолменом</a> (1986 год)</li>
<li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html">Ðой опÑÑ ÐиÑпа и
ÑазÑабоÑка GNU Emacs</a>
(РиÑаÑд СÑолмен)</li>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
ÑÑаÑÑи — в Ñом, ÑÑо в ней
ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑопагандиÑÑÑкий ÑеÑмин
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”
Ñак, как бÑдÑо ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ
единое Ñелое. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñакое
заблÑждение, ÑÑо ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ <a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑмÑÑла</a>.
СÑаÑÑÑ Ñакже
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑмÑÑла</a>.
СÑаÑÑÑ Ñакже
неÑколÑко заблÑждаеÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑелÑно
Symbolics. Ðа Ñамом деле СÑолмен, еÑе
ÑабоÑÐ°Ñ Ð² MIT, напиÑал —
незавиÑимо — ÑлÑÑÑениÑ
алÑÑеÑнаÑивной веÑÑии, ÑопоÑÑавимÑе Ñ
ÑлÑÑÑениÑми, коÑоÑÑе ÑиÑма Symbolics
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@
<h3><a id="gnulinux"></a>GNU и Linux</h3>
<ul>
- <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">СвÑÐ·Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ GNU и
Linux</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “ÑиÑÑемÑ
Linux”
-ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваÑÑ “GNU/Linux”</a></li>
- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html">ÐолÑзоваÑели GNU,
-коÑоÑÑе никогда не ÑлÑÑали о GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html">ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾ GNU/Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">СвÑÐ·Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ GNU и
Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “ÑиÑÑемÑ
Linux” ÑледÑеÑ
+назÑваÑÑ “GNU/Linux”</a></li>
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">ÐолÑзоваÑели GNU,
коÑоÑÑе
+никогда не ÑлÑÑали о GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾ GNU/Linux</a></li>
</ul>
@@ -97,10 +97,12 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/10/24 16:36:11 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -131,6 +133,7 @@
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -164,7 +167,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
<!-- Serbian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html 25 Oct 2011 08:45:19 -0000 1.4
+++ gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:20 -0000 1.5
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
ÑÑого пеÑвонаÑалÑного плана. ÐапÑимеÑ,
наÑало
оÑдалилоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑнваÑÑ 1984 года. ÐекоÑоÑÑе
ÑилоÑоÑÑкие аÑпекÑÑ <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑÑ
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a> пÑоÑÑнилиÑÑ ÑолÑко ÑеÑез
неÑколÑко леÑ.</p>
<h3>Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Unix!</h3>
@@ -303,11 +303,13 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/10/25 08:45:19 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -334,6 +336,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -365,7 +368,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
<!-- Swedish -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</li> -->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html 21 Nov 2011 09:26:50 -0000 1.7
+++ gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:20 -0000 1.8
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>ÐополниÑелÑнÑе ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
найÑи на ÑÑÑаниÑаÑ
<a
-href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html">“ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾
GNU/Linux”</a> и <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">“ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾ GNU/Linux”</a>
и <a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">“ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux?”</a></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
GNU</a>, даже не оÑÐ¾Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑого. Ð ÑилÑ
оÑобого повоÑоÑа ÑобÑÑий веÑÑиÑ
GNU, коÑоÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑиÑоко иÑполÑзÑÑÑ,
ÑаÑÑо назÑваеÑÑÑ
“Linux”, и многим из ее полÑзоваÑелей <a
-href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html"> не извеÑÑно</a>,
ÑÑо в
+href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html"> не извеÑÑно</a>,
ÑÑо в
оÑновном ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема GNU, ÑазÑабоÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html">пÑоекÑом GNU</a>.</p>
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@
<p>
То, ÑÑо они обнаÑÑжили, не бÑло
ÑлÑÑайноÑÑÑÑ — ÑÑо бÑло не ÑовÑем
-полной ÑиÑÑемой GNU. ÐоÑÑÑпнÑе <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</a>
ÑложилиÑÑ Ð²
-полнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU
ÑабоÑал над ÑÑим Ñ 1984 года. Ð
-<a href="/gnu/manifesto.ru.html">“ÐаниÑеÑÑе GNU”</a> мÑ
-поÑÑавили ÑелÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑаÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñипа Unix под названием
-GNU. <a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html">“ÐеÑвонаÑалÑное
+полной ÑиÑÑемой GNU. ÐоÑÑÑпнÑе <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ</a> ÑложилиÑÑ Ð² полнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU ÑабоÑал над
+ÑÑим Ñ 1984 года. Ð <a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ru.html">“ÐаниÑеÑÑе
+GNU”</a> Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑавили ÑелÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑаÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñипа Unix
+под названием GNU. <a
+href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html">“ÐеÑвонаÑалÑное
обÑÑвление”</a> пÑоекÑа GNU Ñакже
оÑеÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑе из наÑалÑнÑÑ
планов по ÑиÑÑеме GNU. Ð ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñемени, когда
наÑалаÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑка Linux, GNU
бÑла поÑÑи завеÑÑена.</p>
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑазнÑÑ
ваÑианÑов
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux (ÑаÑÑо назÑваемÑÑ
“диÑÑÑибÑÑивами”). ÐолÑÑинÑÑво из ниÑ
вклÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — иÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑики ÑледÑÑÑ
ÑилоÑоÑии Linux, а не GNU. Ðо
-еÑÑÑ Ð¸ <a href="/distros/distros.ru.html">полноÑÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
+еÑÑÑ Ð¸ <a href="/distros/distros.html">полноÑÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
GNU/Linux</a>. ФСÐРпÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкие
ÑеÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÑ
из ÑÑиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов, <a href="http://ututo.org";>Ututo</a> и <a
href="http://gnewsense.org/";>gNewSense</a>.</p>
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/11/21 09:26:50 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu/manifesto.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- gnu/manifesto.ru.html 25 Oct 2011 08:45:20 -0000 1.4
+++ gnu/manifesto.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:20 -0000 1.5
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
<p>Свежие ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ пÑогÑаммаÑ
, доÑÑÑпнÑÑ
в ÑамкаÑ
пÑоекÑа GNU, пожалÑйÑÑа, иÑиÑе на наÑем <a
-href="/home.ru.html">ÑайÑе</a>, в
+href="/home.html">ÑайÑе</a>, в
оÑобенноÑÑи, в наÑем <a
href="/software/software.html">ÑпиÑке
пÑогÑамм</a>. Ðак помоÑÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑÑ, опиÑано на
ÑÑÑаниÑе <a
-href="/help/help.ru.html">http://www.gnu.org/help/help.ru.html</a>. </p>
+href="/help/help.html">http://www.gnu.org/help/help.ru.html</a>. </p>
<h3>ЧÑо Ñакое GNU? GNU — не Unix!</h3>
@@ -179,8 +179,7 @@
пÑоекÑов</a> и в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1";>ÑпиÑке
“GNU: ÐÑжна помоÑÑ”</a>, обÑем ÑпиÑке
Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑов
GNU. ÐÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° <a
-href="/help/help.ru.html">ÑÑководÑÑве по помоÑи
опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме
-GNU</a>).
+href="/help/help.html">ÑÑководÑÑве по помоÑи
опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме GNU</a>).
</p>
</blockquote>
@@ -794,7 +793,7 @@
дÑÑгиÑ
к мÑÑли, ÑÑо ÑÑи Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑоÑмиÑÑÑÑ
один
монолиÑнÑй пÑедмеÑ. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑно,
нÑжно обÑÑждаÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ, авÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво и ÑоваÑнÑе знаки ÑазделÑно.
-См. <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">далÑнейÑее
+См. <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">далÑнейÑее
обÑÑÑнение</a> Ñого, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин
вноÑиÑ
пÑÑаниÑÑ Ð¸ необÑекÑивноÑÑÑ.</li>
@@ -875,11 +874,13 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/10/25 08:45:20 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -906,6 +907,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -949,7 +951,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-->
<!-- Turkish -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html 25 Oct 2011 08:45:22 -0000 1.4
+++ gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:21 -0000 1.5
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑзнаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе об ÑÑом
вопÑоÑе, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе пÑоÑиÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñи <a
-href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html">“ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾
GNU/Linux”</a>,
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">“ÐопÑоÑÑ Ð¾ GNU/Linux”</a>,
ÑÑÑаниÑÑ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“Linux и
пÑоекÑ
GNU”</a>, на коÑоÑой пÑиведена иÑÑоÑиÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux в оÑноÑении к
ÑÑой пÑоблеме наименованиÑ, а Ñакже <a
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@
Ñего они Ñ
оÑоÑи. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваеÑе наÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ
“Linux”, ÑÑо пеÑедаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÐµÑное
пÑедÑÑавление о ÐµÑ Ð¸ÑÑокаÑ
,
иÑÑоÑии и назнаÑении. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваеÑе еÑ
<a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>, ÑÑо
пеÑедаÑÑ
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>, ÑÑо
пеÑедаÑÑ
(Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¸ не во вÑеÑ
подÑобноÑÑÑÑ
) пÑавилÑное
пÑедÑÑавление.</p>
<p>
Так ли ÑÑо важно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñего ÑообÑеÑÑва? Ð
азве важно, знаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ лÑди об
иÑÑокаÑ
ÑиÑÑемÑ, ÐµÑ Ð¸ÑÑоÑии и назнаÑении?
Ðа — поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо лÑди,
забÑваÑÑие иÑÑоÑиÑ, неÑедко обÑеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° еÑ
повÑоÑение. ÐÐµÑ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑий, ÑÑо
СвободнÑй миÑ, вÑÑоÑÑий вокÑÑг <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a>, вÑживеÑ; Ð¼Ñ ÐµÑÑ
не
-полноÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ñоблем, коÑоÑÑе
пÑивели Ð½Ð°Ñ Ðº ÑазÑабоÑке GNU, и они
-ÑгÑожаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, вÑживеÑ; Ð¼Ñ ÐµÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
полноÑÑÑÑ
+избавилиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ñоблем, коÑоÑÑе пÑивели наÑ
к ÑазÑабоÑке GNU, и они ÑгÑожаÑÑ
+возобновиÑÑÑÑ.</p>
<p>
Ðогда Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑнÑÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑавилÑно
назÑваÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “GNU/Linux”,
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@
оÑдÑÑ
аÑÑ. ÐÑли Ð±Ñ ÑолÑко Ñак бÑло! Ðо
ÑÑÑдноÑÑей более Ñем доÑÑаÑоÑно, и не
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ Ð±ÑдÑÑее, как Ñамо Ñобой
ÑазÑмеÑÑееÑÑ. Сила наÑего ÑообÑеÑÑва
покоиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑивеÑженноÑÑи к Ñвободе и
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвÑ. УпоÑÑебление названиÑ
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“GNU/Linux”</a> â один
из
-ÑпоÑобов напомниÑÑ Ñебе и поведаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим
об ÑÑиÑ
ÑелÑÑ
.</p>
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“GNU/Linux”</a> —
+один из ÑпоÑобов напомниÑÑ Ñебе и поведаÑÑ
дÑÑгим об ÑÑиÑ
ÑелÑÑ
.</p>
<p>
Ðожно напиÑаÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, не дÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð¾ GNU; много Ñ
оÑоÑей
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@
<p>
ÐпаÑнейÑÐ°Ñ ÑгÑоза бÑдÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ
ÑклонноÑÑи компаний, пÑоизводÑÑиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ “Linux”, вклÑÑаÑÑ
-в <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a> неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ
-Ñади ÑдобÑÑва и ÑÑÑекÑивноÑÑи. Так
поÑÑÑпаÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑики вÑеÑ
ÑеÑÑÑзнÑÑ
+в <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñади
+ÑдобÑÑва и ÑÑÑекÑивноÑÑи. Так поÑÑÑпаÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑики вÑеÑ
ÑеÑÑÑзнÑÑ
коммеÑÑеÑкиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов; никÑо не
огÑаниÑиваеÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво из ниÑ
не
оÑлиÑаÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑÑливо неÑвободнÑе пакеÑÑ Ð²
ÑвоиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑиваÑ
. Ðногие даже
ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
@@ -101,13 +101,12 @@
-->
<p>
Ðобавление неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм в ÑиÑÑемÑ
<a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a> Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑвелиÑиÑÑ
-попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑ, еÑли под попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ñ
понимаем колиÑеÑÑво лÑдей,
-иÑполÑзÑÑÑиÑ
какÑÑ-нибÑÐ´Ñ <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a>
-в ÑоÑеÑании Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами. Ðо
в Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо неÑвно
-пÑизÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑообÑеÑÑво воÑпÑинимаÑÑ
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº неÑÑо Ñ
оÑоÑее и
-забÑÑÑ Ð¾ ÑелÑÑ
ÑвободÑ. ÐеÑÑмÑÑленно еÑ
аÑÑ
бÑÑÑÑее, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе
-ÑдеÑжаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° доÑоге.</p>
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑвелиÑиÑÑ
попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑ,
+еÑли под попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÐ¼
колиÑеÑÑво лÑдей, иÑполÑзÑÑÑиÑ
+какÑÑ-нибÑÐ´Ñ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a> в
ÑоÑеÑании
+Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами. Ðо в Ñо же
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо неÑвно пÑизÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑообÑеÑÑво
+воÑпÑинимаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
неÑÑо Ñ
оÑоÑее и забÑÑÑ Ð¾ ÑелÑÑ
+ÑвободÑ. ÐеÑÑмÑÑленно еÑ
аÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑÑее, еÑли
Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе ÑдеÑжаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° доÑоге.</p>
<p>
ÐÑли неÑвободное
“дополнение” — ÑÑо библиоÑека
или
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@
<p>
ÐÑли наÑе ÑообÑеÑÑво пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°ÑÑÑÑ
в ÑÑом напÑавлении, оно можеÑ
-пеÑенапÑавиÑÑ Ð±ÑдÑÑее <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a> в
+пеÑенапÑавиÑÑ Ð±ÑдÑÑее <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> в
ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ из ÑвободнÑÑ
и неÑвободнÑÑ
компоненÑов. ЧеÑез пÑÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ Ñ
наÑ, конеÑно, бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÐµÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм; но еÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑдем
оÑÑоÑожнÑ, ими едва ли можно бÑдеÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
@@ -182,9 +181,8 @@
ÑилÑное заÑÑÑднение: пÑеобладаÑÑаÑ
Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð»Ñдей оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
идеализма как Ñего-Ñо
“непÑакÑиÑного”. ÐÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ вÑегда
бÑл
кÑайне пÑакÑиÑнÑм: ÑÑо пÑиÑина, по коÑоÑой
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнаÑ
-ÑиÑÑема <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a>. ÐÑди,
коÑоÑÑе
-лÑбÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑо
именно Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ воплоÑил ÐµÑ Ð²
-жизнÑ.</p>
+ÑиÑÑема <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>. ÐÑди,
коÑоÑÑе лÑбÑÑ
+ÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑо именно наÑ
идеализм воплоÑил ÐµÑ Ð² жизнÑ.</p>
<p>
ÐÑли Ð±Ñ “ÑабоÑа” дейÑÑвиÑелÑно бÑла
Ñже Ñделана, и еÑли Ð±Ñ ÑеÑÑ
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@
еÑÑÑ. Ðо ÑÑо не Ñак. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð´Ð¾Ñ
новиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей
на ÑабоÑÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð½Ñжно
пÑоделаÑÑ, нам необÑ
одимо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð° нами
пÑизнавали Ñо, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ñже
Ñделали. ÐожалÑйÑÑа, помогиÑе нам, назÑваÑ
ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>.</p>
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>.</p>
@@ -236,11 +234,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/10/25 08:45:22 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:21 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Bulgarian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
@@ -306,7 +307,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
<!-- Turkish -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: gnu/po/gnu-history.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- gnu/po/gnu-history.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:16:59 -0000 1.3
+++ gnu/po/gnu-history.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:28 -0000 1.4
@@ -2,59 +2,59 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Bosnian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.bs.html">bosanski</a> [bs]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-<!-- Norwegian (Bokmål) -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.nb.html">norsk (bokmål)</a> [nb]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
+<!-- Norwegian (Bokmål) -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.nb.html">norsk (bokmål)</a> [nb]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
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Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.ru-en.html 21 Nov 2011 09:27:02 -0000 1.1
+++ gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:28 -0000 1.2
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/21 09:27:02 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:28 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:16:57
-0000 1.3
+++ gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:28
-0000 1.4
@@ -2,35 +2,35 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a
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<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ca.html">catalÃ
</a> [ca]</li>
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<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
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href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Albanian -->
<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: gnu/po/gnu.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- gnu/po/gnu.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:17:00 -0000 1.3
+++ gnu/po/gnu.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000 1.4
@@ -2,39 +2,39 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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href="/gnu/gnu.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
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-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.kn.html">ಕನ್ನಡ</a> [kn]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.kn.html">à²à²¨à³à²¨à²¡</a> [kn]</li>
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-<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.nb.html">norsk (bokmål)</a> [nb]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.mk.html">македонÑки</a> [mk]</li>
+<!-- Norwegian (Bokmål) -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.nb.html">norsk (bokmål)</a> [nb]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Albanian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:16:57 -0000
1.3
+++ gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000
1.4
@@ -2,23 +2,23 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Albanian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</li>
<!-- Swedish -->
Index: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.ru-en.html 21 Nov 2011 09:27:02 -0000 1.1
+++ gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000 1.2
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/21 09:27:02 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: gnu/po/manifesto.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/manifesto.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- gnu/po/manifesto.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:16:59 -0000 1.3
+++ gnu/po/manifesto.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000 1.4
@@ -2,49 +2,49 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Croatian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Macedonian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.mk.html">македонски</a> [mk]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.mk.html">македонÑки</a> [mk]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Albanian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Swedish -->
<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
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</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:16:56 -0000 1.3
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000 1.4
@@ -2,45 +2,45 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Albanian -->
<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: graphics/agnuhead.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/graphics/agnuhead.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- graphics/agnuhead.ru.html 20 Nov 2011 09:26:10 -0000 1.13
+++ graphics/agnuhead.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:35 -0000 1.14
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
ÑоÑмаÑе PNG (1200x1200).</p>
<p>ÐÑа голова GNU бÑла ÑиÑÑнком “по
ÑмолÑаниє Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого ÑайÑа,
-вклÑÑÐ°Ñ <a href="/home.ru.html">домаÑнÑÑ ÑÑÑаниÑÑ
GNU</a>.</p>
+вклÑÑÐ°Ñ <a href="/home.html">домаÑнÑÑ ÑÑÑаниÑÑ
GNU</a>.</p>
<p>ÐÑа голова GNU Ñакже иÑполÑзÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пеÑедней ÑÑоÑоне <a
href="/order/t-shirts.html">ÑÑÑболки GNU</a> 1997 года.
ÐÑе она еÑÑÑ
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/11/20 09:26:10 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: graphics/po/agnuhead.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/graphics/po/agnuhead.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- graphics/po/agnuhead.ru-en.html 20 Nov 2011 09:26:17 -0000 1.2
+++ graphics/po/agnuhead.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:40 -0000 1.3
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/20 09:26:17 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:40 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: graphics/po/agnuhead.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/graphics/po/agnuhead.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- graphics/po/agnuhead.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:19:26 -0000 1.2
+++ graphics/po/agnuhead.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:40 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,37 +2,37 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/graphics/agnuhead.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a href="/graphics/agnuhead.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: help/help.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/help/help.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- help/help.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:13:00 -0000 1.24
+++ help/help.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:45 -0000 1.25
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@
<li>обÑÑÑнÑÑ Ð´ÑÑзÑÑм, ÑÑо опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “Linux” на Ñамом деле
ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваÑÑ <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>, Ñ.е.
ÑиÑÑема
-GNU + ÑдÑо Linux; пÑоÑÑо поÑледоваÑелÑно и
безоÑибоÑно подÑÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑазлиÑиÑ
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>, Ñ.е.
ÑиÑÑема GNU
++ ÑдÑо Linux; пÑоÑÑо поÑледоваÑелÑно и
безоÑибоÑно подÑÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑазлиÑиÑ
Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ GNU/Linux как ÑиÑÑемой в Ñелом и ÑдÑом
Linux, когда пиÑеÑе или
говоÑиÑе об ÑÑой опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме, Ð²Ñ <a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ поможеÑе</a>. ÐÑо
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑ
@@ -245,11 +245,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:13:00 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:45 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -277,6 +279,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/help/help.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -312,7 +315,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/help/help.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/help/help.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: help/po/help.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/help/po/help.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- help/po/help.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:13:34 -0000 1.2
+++ help/po/help.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:28:50 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,23 +2,23 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/help/help.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Bosnian -->
<li><a href="/help/help.bs.html">bosanski</a> [bs]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/help/help.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/help/help.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/help/help.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/help/help.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/help/help.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/help/help.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/help/help.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/help/help.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/help/help.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/help/help.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/help/help.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/help/help.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/help/help.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a href="/help/help.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: licenses/gpl-faq.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/gpl-faq.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- licenses/gpl-faq.ru.html 13 Dec 2011 09:26:54 -0000 1.3
+++ licenses/gpl-faq.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:55 -0000 1.4
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
ÐовÑе Ð½ÐµÑ — еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ дÑÑгиÑ
лиÑензий ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. У наÑ
еÑÑÑ <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">неполнÑй
ÑпиÑок</a>. ÐÑбаÑ
лиÑензиÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавлÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">опÑеделеннÑе оÑобÑе
ÑвободÑ</a> ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">опÑеделеннÑе оÑобÑе
ÑвободÑ</a> ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
лиÑензией ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p></dd>
@@ -640,12 +640,12 @@
пÑогÑамм? <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a href="#WhyUseGPL"
>#WhyUseGPL</a>)</span></dt>
<dd><p>
-GNU GPL ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñе <a
-href="/philosophy/pragmatic.ru.html">вÑпÑÑеннÑе ÑлÑÑÑеннÑе
веÑÑии бÑли
-ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами</a>. ÐÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо
Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÐµÑе ÑиÑка необÑ
одимоÑÑи
-конкÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной измененной
веÑÑией ваÑей ÑобÑÑвенной
-ÑабоÑÑ. Ðднако в некоÑоÑÑÑ
оÑобÑÑ
ÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð»ÑÑÑе полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ <a
-href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.ru.html">более либеÑалÑной
лиÑензией</a>.</p></dd>
+GNU GPL ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñе <a
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">вÑпÑÑеннÑе
+ÑлÑÑÑеннÑе веÑÑии бÑли ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами</a>. ÐÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо вÑ
+избегаеÑе ÑиÑка необÑ
одимоÑÑи
конкÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной измененной
веÑÑией
+ваÑей ÑобÑÑвенной ÑабоÑÑ. Ðднако в
некоÑоÑÑÑ
оÑобÑÑ
ÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+лÑÑÑе полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ <a
href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.ru.html">более
+либеÑалÑной лиÑензией</a>.</p></dd>
<dt id="DoesAllGNUSoftwareUseTheGNUGPLAsItsLicense">ÐÑе ли
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ GNU иÑполÑзÑÑÑ Ð² каÑеÑÑве
лиÑензии GNU GPL? <span
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
ÐеÑ. ФакÑиÑеÑки подобное ÑÑебование
Ñделало Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной. ÐÑли
лÑди Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑÑ, когда они полÑÑаÑÑ
ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, или еÑли они должнÑ
оповеÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо конкÑеÑно, Ñо пÑогÑамма
не Ñвободна. См. <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">опÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>.</p>
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">опÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>.</p>
<p>GPL — лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, и
ÑледоваÑелÑно, она ÑазÑеÑаеÑ
лÑдÑм иÑполÑзоваÑÑ Ð¸ даже ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð°
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@
ÑабоÑÑ, Ñо она наÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑвенном
доÑÑоÑнии, Ñо еÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑклÑÑиÑелÑное
авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво на нее не
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ. ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ GNU GPL оÑнована
на
авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, ÑакÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑзÑ
вÑпÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ GNU GPL (ÑÑо, однако,
-не меÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÐµÐ¹ бÑÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">Ñвободной</a>:
+не меÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÐµÐ¹ бÑÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Ñвободной</a>:
пÑогÑамма в обÑеÑÑвенном доÑÑоÑнии
Ñвободна).</p>
<p>Ðднако когда ÑедеÑалÑное
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное агенÑÑÑво СШРпÑименÑеÑ
длÑ
@@ -1787,7 +1787,7 @@
<dd><p>
Ðна ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð² ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвии Ñ Ñем, как она
ÑоÑÑавлена, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñего
пÑедназнаÑена и Ñак, как ÑÑо задÑмано.
ÐодÑобноÑÑи Ñм. в <a
-href="/licenses/lgpl-java.ru.html">оÑделÑной
ÑÑаÑÑе</a>.</p></dd>
+href="/licenses/lgpl-java.html">оÑделÑной ÑÑаÑÑе</a>.</p></dd>
<dt id="Consider">РаÑÑмоÑÑим ÑиÑÑаÑиÑ: 1) X
вÑпÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ V1 пÑоекÑа под GPL. 2) Y вноÑиÑ
@@ -1935,7 +1935,7 @@
>#ModifiedJustBinary</a>)</span></dt>
<dd><p>
ÐеÑ. ÐеÑÑ ÑмÑÑл GPL заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо
вÑе модиÑиÑиÑованнÑе веÑÑии
-Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑми
+Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами</a> — ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ, в
ÑаÑÑноÑÑи, ÑÑо иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ
модиÑиÑиÑованной веÑÑии доÑÑÑпен
полÑзоваÑелÑм.</p></dd>
@@ -3531,7 +3531,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/12/13 09:26:54 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/license-recommendations.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/license-recommendations.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- licenses/license-recommendations.ru.html 24 Dec 2011 17:28:17 -0000
1.2
+++ licenses/license-recommendations.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:55 -0000
1.3
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
лиÑензией без авÑоÑÑкого лева. ÐÑли
веÑÑиÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð²Ñ Ñоздали, знаÑиÑелÑно
полезнее, Ñем пеÑвонаÑалÑнаÑ, Ñо к ваÑей
ÑабоÑе Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑмÑÑл пÑимениÑÑ
авÑоÑÑкое лево — по Ñем же <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">пÑиÑинам, по коÑоÑÑм мÑ
обÑÑно ÑекомендÑем
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">пÑиÑинам, по коÑоÑÑм мÑ
обÑÑно ÑекомендÑем
авÑоÑÑкое лево</a>. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð²
Ñакой ÑиÑÑаÑии, ÑледÑйÑе,
пожалÑйÑÑа, наÑим ÑекомендаÑиÑм по
лиÑензиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ пÑоекÑа.</p>
@@ -54,10 +54,9 @@
<p>ÐÑ ÑекомендÑем ÑазнÑе лиÑензии длÑ
ÑазнÑÑ
пÑоекÑов в завиÑимоÑÑи, главнÑм
обÑазом, Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм. Ð Ñелом мÑ
ÑекомендÑем пÑименÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ñ
наиболее ÑилÑнÑм авÑоÑÑким левом, коÑоÑое
не меÑало Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑениÑ
-пÑогÑамм. РнаÑем оÑеÑке <a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">“ЧÑо
-Ñакое авÑоÑÑкое лево?”</a> подÑобнее
ÑазÑÑÑнÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑие авÑоÑÑкого
-лева и ÑаÑÑказÑваеÑÑÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо, как
пÑавило, наилÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑÑаÑегиÑ
-лиÑензиÑованиÑ.</p>
+пÑогÑамм. РнаÑем оÑеÑке <a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">“ЧÑо Ñакое
+авÑоÑÑкое лево?”</a> подÑобнее
ÑазÑÑÑнÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑие авÑоÑÑкого лева и
+ÑаÑÑказÑваеÑÑÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо, как пÑавило,
наилÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑÑаÑÐµÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑованиÑ.</p>
<p>ÐÑÑÑ ÑолÑко паÑа ÑазновидноÑÑей
пÑоекÑов, в коÑоÑÑÑ
, как Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ñмаем, вообÑе
не должно бÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого лева.
ÐеÑвÑй — оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑие
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@
авÑоÑÑкое лево, вÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑого могÑÑ
полÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑели, когда
библиоÑÐµÐºÑ Ð¸ÑполÑзÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе
ÑзнаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñобнее о наÑиÑ
ÑообÑажениÑÑ
наÑÑÐµÑ ÑÑиÑ
ÑлÑÑаев,
пÑоÑÑиÑе ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a
-href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.ru.html">“ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не
ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ
+href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html">“ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не
ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ
ÐенÑÑÑÑ GPL Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñвоей ÑледÑÑÑей
библиоÑеки”</a>.</p>
<p>ÐÑли веÑоÑÑно, ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñего
пÑоекÑа бÑдÑÑ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе
@@ -114,9 +113,9 @@
ÑмогÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÐµÐµ иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ. ÐÑо
ÑÑловие не ÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
пÑоблем,
коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ½ÑÑÑ, когда
полÑзоваÑели пÑоводÑÑ Ñвои вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑеÑвеÑе — оно не пÑедоÑ
ÑанÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей Ð¾Ñ <a
-href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html">вÑеда,
-наноÑимого пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами</a>,— но
оно Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого вÑе, ÑÑо
-можно ÑделаÑÑ Ð² лиÑензии. ÐодÑобнее об ÑÑиÑ
вопÑоÑаÑ
Ñм. в ÑÑаÑÑе <a
+href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">вÑеда,
наноÑимого
+пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами</a>,— но оно делаеÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого вÑе, ÑÑо можно
+ÑделаÑÑ Ð² лиÑензии. ÐодÑобнее об ÑÑиÑ
вопÑоÑаÑ
Ñм. в ÑÑаÑÑе <a
href="/licenses/why-affero-gpl.html">“ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GPL
ÐÑÑеÑо?”</a></p>
<p>Ðо вÑеÑ
дÑÑгиÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
Ð¼Ñ ÑекомендÑем
вам пÑименÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñвоего пÑоекÑа
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/12/24 17:28:17 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html 12 Dec 2011 09:27:31 -0000 1.1
+++ licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
<li>Ñвобода обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñми,
коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑли.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ðогда пÑогÑамма пÑедлагаеÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑм вÑе ÑÑи ÑвободÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем
ее <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммой</a>.</p>
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммой</a>.</p>
<p>РазÑабоÑÑики, пиÑÑÑие пÑогÑаммÑ, могÑÑ
вÑпÑÑÑиÑÑ ÐµÐµ на ÑÑловиÑÑ
GNU
GPL. Ðогда они ÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ, пÑогÑамма ÑÑанеÑ
и навÑегда оÑÑанеÑÑÑ Ñвободной
незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого, кÑо ее изменÑÐµÑ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем ÑÑо
@@ -307,14 +307,14 @@
<p>ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе ÑзнаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе о пеÑеводе
Ñвоего пÑоекÑа на GPLv3, ÐабоÑаÑоÑиÑ
лиÑензиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐÐ Ñ ÑадоÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
поможеÑ. Ðа <a class="reference external"
href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/";>наÑем ÑайÑе</a> вÑ
найдеÑе <a class=
-"reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-
-howto.html"> оÑновнÑе ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пÑименениÑ
лиÑензии</a> и <a class=
-"reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-faq.
-html">ÐÑвеÑÑ Ð½Ð° обÑие вопÑоÑÑ</a> о ней,
коÑоÑÑми инÑеÑеÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди. Рболее
-Ñложной ÑиÑÑаÑии <a class="reference external" href="mailto:
-licensing@fsf.org">обÑаÑайÑеÑÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа, к
нам</a>, и Ð¼Ñ Ñделаем вÑе
-возможное, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в пеÑеÑ
оде.
ÐмеÑÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ заÑиÑиÑÑ ÑвободÑ
-вÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей.</p>
+"reference external"
+href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-howto.html";> оÑновнÑе
+ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензии</a> и <a
class="reference external"
+href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-faq.html";>ÐÑвеÑÑ Ð½Ð°
обÑие
+вопÑоÑÑ</a> о ней, коÑоÑÑми инÑеÑеÑÑÑÑÑÑ
лÑди. Рболее Ñложной ÑиÑÑаÑии <a
+class="reference external"
href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org";>обÑаÑайÑеÑÑ,
+пожалÑйÑÑа, к нам</a>, и Ð¼Ñ Ñделаем вÑе
возможное, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в
+пеÑеÑ
оде. ÐмеÑÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ заÑиÑиÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей.</p>
</div>
<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/12/12 09:27:31 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/translations.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/translations.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- licenses/translations.ru.html 4 Dec 2011 17:26:28 -0000 1.17
+++ licenses/translations.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:55 -0000 1.18
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
понÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñи лиÑензии. ÐÐ»Ñ ÑÑого пеÑеводÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð² оÑновном ÑоÑнÑ, даже
еÑли они не ÑовеÑÑеннÑ. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑий пеÑевод, важно до конÑа понÑÑÑ
Ñакие оÑновополагаÑÑие конÑепÑии, как <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">авÑоÑÑкое лево</a>, и <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑкое лево</a>, и <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">опÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>. Ðо
ÑÑой пÑиÑине лÑди, желаÑÑие пÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ
пеÑевод, Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑбедиÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо они
Ñ
оÑоÑо Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ Ñ ÑÑими понÑÑиÑми, и Ñ
дÑÑгими ÑилоÑоÑÑкими пÑинÑипами,
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/12/04 17:26:28 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/po/gpl-faq.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- licenses/po/gpl-faq.ru-en.html 13 Dec 2011 09:26:59 -0000 1.2
+++ licenses/po/gpl-faq.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:01 -0000 1.3
@@ -3571,7 +3571,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/13 09:26:59 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:01 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: licenses/po/gpl-faq.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- licenses/po/gpl-faq.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:21:55 -0000 1.4
+++ licenses/po/gpl-faq.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:01 -0000 1.5
@@ -2,27 +2,27 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: licenses/po/license-recommendations.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/license-recommendations.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- licenses/po/license-recommendations.ru-en.html 24 Dec 2011 17:28:22
-0000 1.2
+++ licenses/po/license-recommendations.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:01
-0000 1.3
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/24 17:28:22 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:01 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: licenses/po/license-recommendations.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/license-recommendations.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- licenses/po/license-recommendations.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:21:55
-0000 1.3
+++ licenses/po/license-recommendations.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:01
-0000 1.4
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/licenses/license-recommendations.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/license-recommendations.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/licenses/license-recommendations.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html 12 Dec 2011 09:27:36 -0000
1.1
+++ licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:01 -0000
1.2
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/12 09:27:36 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:01 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:21:54 -0000
1.4
+++ licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:01 -0000
1.5
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: licenses/po/translations.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/translations.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- licenses/po/translations.ru-en.html 4 Dec 2011 17:26:34 -0000 1.7
+++ licenses/po/translations.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:01 -0000 1.8
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/04 17:26:34 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:01 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/bsd.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/bsd.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/bsd.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:10 -0000 1.8
+++ philosophy/bsd.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:10 -0000 1.9
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<!-- language, where necessary. -->
<p>
ÐиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм делÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
две болÑÑие каÑегоÑии: лиÑензии <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html"> Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑким левом </a> и <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html"> Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑким левом </a> и <a
href="/philosophy/categories.ru.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware"> без
авÑоÑÑкого лева </a>. <a
href="/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">ÐиÑензии Ñ
@@ -191,11 +191,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:10 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:10 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -221,6 +223,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Catalan -->
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li> -->
@@ -246,7 +249,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/bsd.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/categories.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/categories.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/categories.ru.html 15 Nov 2011 01:34:18 -0000 1.11
+++ philosophy/categories.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:12 -0000 1.12
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
без ниÑ
, за плаÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ безвозмездно. Ð
ÑаÑÑноÑÑи, ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо иÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ бÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпен: “Ðез иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа неÑ
пÑогÑаммє. ÐÑо ÑпÑоÑенное опиÑание; Ñм.
Ñакже <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">полное опÑеделение</a>.</p>
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">полное опÑеделение</a>.</p>
<p>ÐÑли пÑогÑамма Ñвободна, Ñо она в
пÑинÑипе Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²Ñ
одиÑÑ Ð² ÑакÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, как GNU, или в
ÑвободнÑе веÑÑии <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
<p>ÐÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑпоÑобов ÑделаÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñвободной — много вопÑоÑов
о деÑалÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑе можно ÑеÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾-ÑазномÑ,
Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñи ÑÑом пÑогÑаммÑ
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
"/philosophy/fs-translations.html">пеÑеводов вÑÑажениÑ
“ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммє</a> на ÑазлиÑнÑе ÑзÑки.</p>
- <p>СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑаÑÑо <a
href="/software/reliability.ru.html">более
+ <p>СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑаÑÑо <a
href="/software/reliability.html">более
надежнÑ</a>, Ñем неÑвободнÑе.</p>
<h3 id="OpenSource">ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
ÑекÑÑом</h3>
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом, и поÑÑи вÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом
ÑвободнÑ.</p>
<p>ÐÑ Ð¿ÑедпоÑиÑаем ÑеÑмин “<a href=
-"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">ÑвободнÑе
+"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>”, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо он
подÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ — Ñо,
Ñего ÑеÑмин “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ” не подÑазÑмеваеÑ. </p>
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<em>каждомÑ</em> полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑвободÑ,
подÑазÑмеваемÑе ÑеÑмином
“ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”. Ðолее
подÑобное обÑÑÑнение Ñого, как
ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое лево и поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ
пÑименÑем его, Ñм. в наÑей <a href=
-"/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">ÑÑаÑÑе об авÑоÑÑком
леве</a>.</p>
+"/copyleft/copyleft.html">ÑÑаÑÑе об авÑоÑÑком
леве</a>.</p>
<p>ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево — абÑÑÑакÑнаÑ
идеÑ; ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑимениÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ к
конкÑеÑной пÑогÑамме, необÑ
одимо
воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑобÑм набоÑом ÑÑловий
@@ -176,14 +176,14 @@
по кÑайней меÑе, бÑли) попÑлÑÑнÑе ÐÐРи
гÑаÑиÑеÑкие плаÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÑоналÑнÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑов, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми могли ÑабоÑаÑÑ
ÑолÑко неÑвободнÑе веÑÑии. ÐÑли вÑ
полÑзÑеÑеÑÑ ÑÑой аппаÑаÑÑÑой, Ñо X11 Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
не Ñвободна. <a
-href="/philosophy/x.ru.html">РазÑабоÑÑики X11 даже
Ñделали X11
-неÑвободной</a> на некоÑоÑое вÑемÑ; они
могли ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо поÑомÑ, ÑÑо дÑÑгие
-добавлÑли ÑекÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм под Ñой же Ñамой
лиÑензией без авÑоÑÑкого лева.</p>
+href="/philosophy/x.html">РазÑабоÑÑики X11 даже Ñделали
X11 неÑвободной</a>
+на некоÑоÑое вÑемÑ; они могли ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо
поÑомÑ, ÑÑо дÑÑгие добавлÑли
+ÑекÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм под Ñой же Ñамой лиÑензией
без авÑоÑÑкого лева.</p>
<h3 id="LaxPermissiveLicensedSoftware">ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ
безÑаÑÑÑдно либеÑалÑной лиÑензией</h3>
<p>ÐезÑаÑÑÑдно либеÑалÑнÑе лиÑензии
вклÑÑаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ X11 и <a
-href="bsd.ru.html">две лиÑензии BSD</a>. ÐÑи лиÑензии
допÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи лÑбое
+href="bsd.html">две лиÑензии BSD</a>. ÐÑи лиÑензии
допÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи лÑбое
пÑименение иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, вклÑÑаÑ
неÑвободное ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение
оÑÑÑанÑлиÑованнÑÑ
Ñайлов Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñми
иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа или без ниÑ
.</p>
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
<h3 id="TheGNUsystem">ÐпеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU</h3>
- <p><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html">ÐпеÑаÑионнаÑ
ÑиÑÑема GNU</a> —
+ <p><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">ÐпеÑаÑионнаÑ
ÑиÑÑема GNU</a> —
полноÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема
Ñипа Unix, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ñазвиваем в
ÑамкаÑ
пÑоекÑа GNU Ñ 1984 года.</p>
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
2001 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU (вклÑÑÐ°Ñ GNU Hurd) наÑала
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ðµ
надежно, но ÑдÑÑ Hurd до ÑиÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ
ваÑаеÑ
некоÑоÑÑÑ
важнÑÑ
оÑобенноÑÑей,
Ñак ÑÑо ÑиÑоко его не иÑполÑзÑÑÑ. ÐÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ñем
<a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">ÑиÑÑема GNU/Linux</a>,
оÑвеÑвление
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">ÑиÑÑема GNU/Linux</a>,
оÑвеÑвление
опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, в коÑоÑом в
каÑеÑÑве ÑдÑа вмеÑÑо GNU Hurd
пÑименÑеÑÑÑ Linux, полÑзÑеÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑим ÑÑпеÑ
ом наÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ²ÑноÑÑÑÑ
годов.</p>
@@ -232,15 +232,15 @@
<h3 id="GNUsoftware">ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ GNU</h3>
<p><a href="/software/software.html">ÐÑогÑаммÑ
GNU</a> — ÑÑо
-пÑогÑаммÑ, вÑпÑÑкаемÑе под Ñгидой <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html">пÑоекÑа
+пÑогÑаммÑ, вÑпÑÑкаемÑе под Ñгидой <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">пÑоекÑа
GNU</a>. ÐÑли пÑогÑамма ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой
GNU, Ð¼Ñ Ñакже говоÑим, ÑÑо
ÑÑо — Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ GNU. ÐÑо должно бÑÑÑ
Ñказано в ÑÑководÑÑве
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ñайле README пакеÑа. ÐÑоме
Ñого, вÑе пакеÑÑ GNU оÑмеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²
<a href="/directory">ÐаÑалоге ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a>.</p>
<p>ÐолÑÑинÑÑво пÑогÑамм GNU вÑпÑÑкаеÑÑÑ
Ñ <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">авÑоÑÑким левом</a>, Ñ
оÑÑ
некоÑоÑÑе
-пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑкаÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· него; однако вÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ GNU Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑким левом</a>, Ñ
оÑÑ
некоÑоÑÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
+вÑпÑÑкаÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· него; однако вÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
GNU Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑми</a>.</p>
<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ GNU бÑли напиÑанÑ
<a href=
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/11/15 01:34:18 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:12 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/compromise.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/compromise.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/compromise.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:13 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/compromise.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:13 -0000 1.10
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
background-color: #ececec; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em;
margin-top: 4em;"><p><em>“ÐвадÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´, <a
-href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html"> 27 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ 1983 года,
+href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html"> 27 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ 1983 года,
Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑвил о плане</a>
ÑоздаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ названием
GNU, ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñал ÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, как наÑе
ÑообÑеÑÑво можеÑ
избежаÑÑ ÑазÑÑÑиÑелÑнÑÑ
компÑомиÑÑов.
ÐÑоме оÑказа Ð¾Ñ ÑакиÑ
компÑомиÑÑов Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÐµÑе много ÑпоÑобов
-<a href="/help/help.ru.html">помоÑÑ GNU</a> и ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам. Ðдин из
+<a href="/help/help.html">помоÑÑ GNU</a> и ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам. Ðдин из
пÑоÑÑейÑиÑ
ÑпоÑобов —
<a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052";>пÑиÑоединиÑÑÑÑ
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
<p>Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное
обеÑпеÑение —
ÑоÑиалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑемена: <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑделаÑÑ Ð²Ñе пÑогÑаммное
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑделаÑÑ Ð²Ñе пÑогÑаммное
обеÑпеÑение ÑвободнÑм</a>, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñе
полÑзоваÑели пÑогÑамм бÑли ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸
могли бÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑва взаимопомоÑи.
ÐÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвоемÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑикÑ
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
<p>Ðо Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑказÑваемÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделеннÑÑ
компÑомиÑÑов, даже еÑли многие в
наÑем ÑообÑеÑÑве Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¹Ñи на ниÑ
.
ÐапÑимеÑ, Ð¼Ñ <a
-href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html">одобÑÑем
+href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">одобÑÑем
ÑолÑко Ñе диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ GNU/Linux</a>, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñика
не вклÑÑаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ не
побÑждаÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелей ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. ÐдобÑÑÑÑ
неÑвободнÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
<p>ФилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа
пÑÐµÐ´Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸ взÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ðº
поÑÑебиÑелÑÑким ÑенноÑÑÑм, а ÑÑо
ÑкÑеплÑÐµÑ Ð¸ ÑÑвеÑÐ¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
.
ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">не
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">не
поддеÑживаем оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ</a>.</p>
<img src="/graphics/gnulaptop.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
<p>ÐапÑимеÑ, опÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑваеÑ, ÑÑо можно
пÑивлеÑÑ
болÑÑе полÑзоваÑелей к ÑиÑÑеме
-<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a>, еÑли вклÑÑиÑÑ
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">GNU/Linux</a>, еÑли вклÑÑиÑÑ
некоÑоÑÑе неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑо
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñ
иÑÑоÑмное
неÑвободное пÑиложение, пÑивлекаÑелÑное
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелей, или неÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑоÑма
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, ÑакаÑ,
@@ -211,9 +211,8 @@
Ñонда</a>.
Там пеÑеÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑа и конÑигÑÑаÑии
ÐÐÐ, коÑоÑÑе
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñо ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами, <a
-href="/distros/distros.ru.html">полноÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
-GNU/Linux</a> и ÑÑÑÑÑи пакеÑов ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²
-ÑÑопÑоÑенÑно
+href="/distros/distros.html">полноÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ GNU/Linux</a>
+и ÑÑÑÑÑи пакеÑов ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
коÑоÑÑе ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑопÑоÑенÑно
Ñвободной пÑогÑаммной ÑÑеде. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе помоÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑвÑ
оÑÑаваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑÑи к Ñвободе, один из
важнÑÑ
ÑпоÑобов —
оÑкÑÑÑо поддеÑживаÑÑ Ð³ÑажданÑкие
ÑенноÑÑи. Ðогда обÑÑждаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ
оÑоÑо, а
@@ -295,11 +294,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:13 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -331,6 +332,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Bulgarian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
@@ -352,7 +354,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:14 -0000 1.7
+++ philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:13 -0000 1.8
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ñем ÑÑо кажеÑÑÑ ÑдивиÑелÑнÑм:
пÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñ
Ñана ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑÑой
лиÑензией — ÑÑо Ñо, ÑÑо Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ
поÑÑоÑнно.</p>
-<p>ÐонÑепÑÐ¸Ñ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a> не
+<p>ÐонÑепÑÐ¸Ñ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a> не
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑепÑинÑÑой в ÑовÑеменном
обÑеÑÑве, поÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð»Ñди ÑклоннÑ
пÑедполагаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñакой неÑипиÑной Ñели
можно доÑÑиÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñобо
Ñ
иÑÑоÑмного и поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ
ÑÑпкого
ÑÑидиÑеÑкого аппаÑаÑа. Ðднако Ñакое
@@ -238,10 +238,12 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
ÐеÑевод: Ðлена ТÑпкина, 19 ÑевÑÐ°Ð»Ñ 2002.</div>
+
+
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:14 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -268,6 +270,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Bulgarian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
@@ -295,7 +298,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:18
-0000 1.7
+++ philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:13
-0000 1.8
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
<!-- language, where necessary. -->
<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">“ÐоÑемÑ
+<blockquote><p><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">“ÐоÑемÑ
‘оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ’ не
пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ‘ÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма’”</a> — обновленнаÑ
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи.</p></blockquote>
</div>
@@ -482,11 +482,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:18 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -512,6 +514,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Bulgarian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
@@ -543,7 +546,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:19 -0000
1.5
+++ philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:13 -0000
1.6
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<p>
ÐÑди полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми опеÑаÑионнÑми
ÑиÑÑемами, Ñакими, как
-<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a>, по ÑазнÑм
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, по ÑазнÑм
пÑиÑинам. Ðногие полÑзоваÑели пеÑеÑ
одÑÑ
на ниÑ
по пÑакÑиÑеÑким
ÑообÑажениÑм: поÑомÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑа ÑиÑÑема
ÑÑÑекÑивна, поÑомÑ, ÑÑо она надежна,
или из-за ÑдобÑÑва, коÑоÑое даеÑ
возможноÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
<p>
ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное
обеÑпеÑение ÑоÑÑоиÑ
в Ñом, ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов <a
-href="/philosophy/why-free.ru.html">должно бÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñаво
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">должно бÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñаво
ÑоÑмиÑоваÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑво</a>. У Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð°
бÑÑÑ Ñвобода помогаÑÑ
Ñамим Ñебе, изменÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ делали Ñо, ÑÑо вам
нÑжно, и Ñвобода помогаÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ,
пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ пÑогÑамм дÑÑгим
@@ -44,10 +44,9 @@
</p>
<p>
-ÐаÑе <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">подÑобное
опÑеделение</a>
-Ñвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑваеÑ, как мÑ
оÑениваем лиÑензиÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ,
-Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ она пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑвободнÑми. У наÑ
еÑÑÑ Ñакже опÑеделенное
-колиÑеÑÑво ÑÑаÑей о <a
+ÐаÑе <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">подÑобное
опÑеделение</a> Ñвободной
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑваеÑ, как Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ñениваем
лиÑензиÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ, Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ она
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑвободнÑми. У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñакже
опÑеделенное колиÑеÑÑво ÑÑаÑей о <a
href="/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html#LicensingFreeSoftware">конкÑеÑнÑÑ
лиÑензиÑÑ
</a>, обÑÑÑнÑÑÑиÑ
доÑÑоинÑÑва и
недоÑÑаÑки некоÑоÑÑÑ
лиÑензий,
коÑоÑÑе подÑ
одÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ опÑеделение, и поÑемÑ
некоÑоÑÑе дÑÑгие лиÑензии ÑлиÑком
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@
<p>
Ð 1998 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸Ðº ÑеÑмин “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”;
он ÑÑал ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑвÑзи Ñо <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">взглÑдами,
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">взглÑдами,
коÑоÑÑе знаÑиÑелÑно оÑлиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑ
</a>. ÐÑди, ÑазделÑÑÑие ÑÑи
взглÑдÑ, обÑаÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑолÑко на
пÑакÑиÑеÑкие доÑÑоинÑÑва
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм и ÑÑаÑелÑно избегаÑÑ
более глÑбокиÑ
вопÑоÑов
@@ -118,11 +117,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:19 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -166,7 +168,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/free-sw.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/free-sw.ru.html 30 Nov 2011 01:26:44 -0000 1.11
+++ philosophy/free-sw.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:13 -0000 1.12
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
Свобода 3 ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободÑ
вÑпÑÑкаÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑии Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñими изменениÑми
как ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. СвободнаÑ
лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑкаÑÑ Ñакже дÑÑгие
ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑка ÑÑиÑ
веÑÑий; дÑÑгими
Ñловами, она не обÑзаÑелÑно должна бÑÑÑ
-лиÑензией Ñ <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">авÑоÑÑким
левом</a>. Ðднако
+лиÑензией Ñ <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑким
левом</a>. Ðднако
лиÑензиÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑобÑ
измененнÑе веÑÑии бÑли неÑвободнÑ, не можеÑ
ÑÑиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñвободной.
</p>
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
важнÑ. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñили денÑги за
Ñо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ, а Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, они вам доÑÑалиÑÑ
беÑплаÑно. Ðо незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого,
как Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑили Ñвои копии, Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñегда
волÑÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑоваÑÑ Ð¸ изменÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
-и даже <a href="/philosophy/selling.ru.html">пÑодаваÑÑ
копии</a>.
+и даже <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">пÑодаваÑÑ
копии</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
</p>
<p>
-РпÑоекÑе GNU Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑемÑÑ <a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">авÑоÑÑким
+РпÑоекÑе GNU Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑемÑÑ <a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑким
левом</a>, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑидиÑеÑки заÑиÑиÑÑ ÑÑи
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾. Ðо <a
href="/philosophy/categories.ru.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· авÑоÑÑкого лева</a> Ñоже
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑ. ÐÑ ÑбежденÑ, ÑÑо <a
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/11/30 01:26:44 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html 20 Oct 2011 08:45:04 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:13 -0000
1.3
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
пÑиÑÑили к ÑомÑ, ÑÑо авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ “заÑиÑÑ”
пÑавообладаÑелей, оÑкÑда ÑледÑеÑ, ÑÑо
обÑеÑÑвеннÑе инÑеÑеÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ
имеÑÑ. (ТенденÑиознÑй ÑеÑмин “<a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">инÑеллекÑÑалÑнаÑ
ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ</a>”
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">инÑеллекÑÑалÑнаÑ
ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ</a>”
Ñакже поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÑ ÑоÑÐºÑ Ð·ÑениÑ; кÑоме
Ñого, он пооÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑибоÑнÑе
попÑÑки ÑаÑÑмоÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑколÑкиÑ
поÑÑи
ÑовеÑÑенно ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
законов — ÑакиÑ
, как авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво
и паÑенÑное
@@ -177,11 +177,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/10/20 08:45:04 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -206,6 +208,7 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- German -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-->
@@ -229,7 +232,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- -->
<!-- </div>
-->
Index: philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:21 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:13 -0000 1.7
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
ÑаÑÑÑÐ¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, какие ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
одимÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑилиÑной жизни и
даÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñм пÑогÑаммам
воÑпиÑÑваÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑво
добÑой воли, ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва и
взаимопомоÑи. <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÐаÑи кÑиÑеÑии ÑвободÑ
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÐаÑи кÑиÑеÑии ÑвободÑ
пÑогÑамм</a>
опÑеделÑÑÑ ÑвободÑ, коÑоÑÑе нÑжнÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑм пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑобÑ
они могли ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ Ð² ÑообÑеÑÑве.</p>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
ÑоÑно Ñак же, как “ÐÐ¸Ð»Ð»Ñ Ð¾ пÑаваÑ
” бÑл
пÑедложен, ÑÑобÑ
ÑпоÑÑебиÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва на
обеÑпеÑение ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
гÑажданина. Ðменно Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого
пÑедназнаÑена <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">СÑандаÑÑнаÑ
обÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU</a>:
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">СÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвеннаÑ
лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU</a>:
она пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñем, как вÑ
пÑименÑеÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, в Ñо же
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html">заÑиÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
Ð¾Ñ ÑеÑ
</a>,
ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑелоÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
ваÑими ÑеÑениÑми.</p>
@@ -189,11 +189,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:21 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:13 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -220,6 +222,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Czech -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
@@ -247,7 +250,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/gif.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/gif.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- philosophy/gif.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:23 -0000 1.12
+++ philosophy/gif.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000 1.13
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>
Ð ÑожалениÑ, ÑÑо не ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</a>,
коÑоÑÑе можно
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</a>,
коÑоÑÑе можно
иÑполÑзоваÑÑ Ð² Ñакой Ñвободной
опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме, как GNU. ÐÑо Ñакже не
Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ <em>никакого</em> оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº
пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð»Ð³Ð¾ÑиÑма LZW в дÑÑгиÑ
ÑелÑÑ
,
напÑимеÑ, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑжаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñайлов. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ
ÑÑиÑаем, ÑÑо вÑе Ñавно лÑÑÑе
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
</p>
<p>
-<a href="/philosophy/selling.ru.html">ÐоммеÑÑеÑкое
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение ÑвободнÑÑ
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">ÐоммеÑÑеÑкое
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a> Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑое знаÑение, и
Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU в
Ñелом ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑли коммеÑÑеÑки. ÐÑо
знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем добавиÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, генеÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ GIF (во вÑÑком
ÑлÑÑае, на ÑÑловиÑÑ
Unisys).
@@ -263,11 +263,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:23 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -294,6 +296,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Catalan -->
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li> -->
@@ -319,7 +322,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
<!-- Serbian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/gnutella.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/gnutella.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- philosophy/gnutella.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:23 -0000 1.13
+++ philosophy/gnutella.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000 1.14
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
какого-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ñеловека или компании еÑÑÑ
еÑÑеÑÑвенное пÑаво запÑеÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½
и дикÑоваÑÑ, как именно лÑдÑм ÑазÑеÑено
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑоÑмаÑией. Ðаже
пÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема СШРноминалÑно <a
-href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html">оÑвеÑгаеÑ</a> ÑÑÑ
+href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">оÑвеÑгаеÑ</a> ÑÑÑ
анÑиобÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ.</p>
<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
@@ -112,11 +112,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:23 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -142,6 +144,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Bosnian -->
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.bs.html">Bosanski</a> [bs]</li> -->
@@ -177,7 +180,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:30 -0000
1.6
+++ philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000
1.7
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@
к наÑим Ñловам, и они Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑÑаÑ:
“ÐÑа ÑиÑÑема ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑеÑ
благодаÑÑ Ñем, ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ±ÐµÐ·ÑазлиÑна Ñвобода.
ÐÑиÑоединÑйÑеÑÑ Ðº нам, ÑениÑе
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑвободÑ, и вмеÑÑе Ð¼Ñ ÑоÑ
Ñаним ее”.
См. иÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа на <a
-href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.ru.html";>http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.ru.html</a>.</p>
+href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html";>http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.ru.html</a>.</p>
<p>
Ðогда Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ
“GNU/Linux”, некоÑоÑÑе оÑвеÑаÑÑ
-<a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.ru.html">глÑпÑми опÑавданиÑми
и ниÑÑожнÑми
+<a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">глÑпÑми опÑавданиÑми и
ниÑÑожнÑми
аÑгÑменÑами</a>. Ðо мÑ, веÑоÑÑно, ниÑего не
ÑеÑÑем —
Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑомÑ, ÑÑо они, ÑкоÑее вÑего,
недÑÑжелÑбно наÑÑÑоенÑ. Ð Ñо же вÑемÑ
дÑÑгие ÑоглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ аÑгÑменÑами и
ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ ÑÑо название. ÐÑим
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
<strong><a name="update">Ðбновление:</a></strong> С 2005 года
BitKeeper болÑÑе не пÑименÑеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑпÑавлениÑ
иÑÑ
однÑми
ÑекÑÑами ÑдÑа Linux. См. ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a
-href="/philosophy/mcvoy.ru.html">“СпаÑибо, ÐаÑÑи
+href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">“СпаÑибо, ÐаÑÑи
Ðак-Ðой”</a>. ÐÑÑ
однÑе ÑекÑÑÑ Linux вÑе еÑе
ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
клÑкÑÑ
Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÑойÑÑв, но Ñ ÑнваÑÑ 2008
года поддеÑживаеÑÑÑ <a
@@ -309,11 +309,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:30 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -338,6 +340,7 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Czech -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
@@ -363,7 +366,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- -->
<!-- </div>
-->
Index: philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:31 -0000
1.5
+++ philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000
1.6
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
алÑÑеÑнаÑивнÑе ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑаÑÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñо
Ñвоей Ñвободой.</p>
<p>
Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ ÑÑи меÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе
помогли Ð±Ñ Ñаким <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑм</a>
опеÑаÑионнÑм ÑиÑÑемам, как
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑм</a>
опеÑаÑионнÑм ÑиÑÑемам, как
GNU/Linux, бÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑенÑоÑпоÑобнÑми ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑки, ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð² Ñо же вÑемÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей. ÐÑи ÑÑи меÑÑ
напÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑÑмое ÑÑÑÑанение ÑÑеÑ
ÑамÑÑ
болÑÑиÑ
заÑÑÑднений пÑи ÑазÑабоÑке
ÑвободнÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем и
@@ -154,11 +154,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:31 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -188,6 +190,7 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Catalan -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
@@ -211,7 +214,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:31 -0000 1.5
+++ philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000 1.6
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<h2>Microsoft: вÑаг Ñода ÑеловеÑеÑкого? </h2>
<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>ÐÑÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ru.html">Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ</a>
ÑÑой
+<blockquote><p>ÐÑÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ</a>
ÑÑой
ÑÑаÑÑи.</p></blockquote>
</div>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>ÐÑо Ñказано не в опÑавдание Microsoft; Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим ÑказаÑÑ ÑÑим, ÑÑо
Microsoft — ÑÑо еÑÑеÑÑвенное Ñвление
оÑÑаÑли пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ,
-оÑнованной на <a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html">ÑазобÑении
+оÑнованной на <a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">ÑазобÑении
полÑзоваÑелей и оÑнÑÑии Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
ÑвободÑ</a>.
ÐÑиÑикÑÑ Microsoft, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ должнÑ
обÑ
одиÑÑ ÑÑоÑоной дÑÑгие компании,
коÑоÑÑе Ñоже пÑоизводÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ. РФСÐÐ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑабоÑаем ни Ñ
какими неÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами: ни Ñ
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@
еÑли Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Microsoft Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑовÑем не
замеÑала. РдейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи
единÑÑвенное знаÑение “Ñ
ÑллоÑинÑкиÑ
докÑменÑов” ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом,
ÑÑо Microsoft, по-видимомÑ, ÑÑиÑаеÑ, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема
<a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a> Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑиÑÑ
болÑÑого
-ÑÑпеÑ
а.</p>
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑиÑÑ
болÑÑого ÑÑпеÑ
а.</p>
<p>СпаÑибо вам, Microsoft; бÑдÑÑе лÑбезнÑ, не
ÑÑойÑе на пÑÑи!</p>
@@ -100,11 +99,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:31 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -166,7 +168,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
<!-- Serbian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:32 -0000
1.7
+++ philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000
1.8
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
<!-- language, where necessary. -->
<p>
-Ðногие полÑзоваÑели <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a>
-дÑмаÑÑ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑой ÑиÑÑеме как о конкÑÑенÑе
Microsoft. Ðо движение за Ñвободное
+Ðногие полÑзоваÑели <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> дÑмаÑÑ
+об ÑÑой ÑиÑÑеме как о конкÑÑенÑе Microsoft. Ðо
движение за Ñвободное
пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение напÑавлено на
ÑеÑение пÑоблемÑ, гоÑаздо болÑÑей, Ñем
Microsoft: пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
коÑоÑÑе ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ñак, ÑÑобÑ
оÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей беÑпомоÑнÑми и
помеÑаÑÑ
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
Microsoft, могли Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñи возможноÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ
агÑеÑÑивного наÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение, Ñем
нÑнеÑнÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ.</p>
<p>
-Я <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html">пÑедложил
меÑÑ</a> длÑ
+Я <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">пÑедложил
меÑÑ</a> длÑ
ÑÑого пÑоÑеÑÑа, коÑоÑÑе помогли бÑ
ÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммам конкÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ñ
Microsoft: напÑимеÑ, поÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Microsoft
пÑбликоваÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
пÑоÑоколов и полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑами
ÑолÑко Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ, а не длÑ
@@ -109,11 +109,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:32 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Catalan -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
@@ -162,7 +165,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/microsoft.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/microsoft.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/microsoft.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:33 -0000 1.7
+++ philosophy/microsoft.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000 1.8
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>ÐÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла ÑеÑÑезно
пеÑеÑабоÑана в 2009 годÑ. <a
-href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html">СÑаÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ</a>
Ñоже доÑÑÑпна.</p></blockquote>
+href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">СÑаÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ</a> Ñоже
доÑÑÑпна.</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>Ðногие дÑмаÑÑ Ð¾ Microsoft как об ÑжаÑном
ÑÑÑаÑилиÑе в оÑÑаÑли
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<p>ÐÑо Ñказано не в опÑавдание Microsoft; Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим ÑказаÑÑ ÑÑим, ÑÑо
Microsoft — ÑÑо еÑÑеÑÑвенное Ñвление
оÑÑаÑли пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ,
-оÑнованной на <a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html">ÑазобÑении
+оÑнованной на <a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">ÑазобÑении
полÑзоваÑелей и поÑабоÑении иÑ
</a>.
ÐÑиÑикÑÑ Microsoft, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ должнÑ
ÑоÑÑедоÑоÑиваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Microsoft наÑÑолÑко Ñзко,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим
ÑазÑабоÑÑикам неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм ÑойÑи
Ñ ÐºÑÑÑка.</p>
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@
<p>ÐÐµÑ Ð½ÑÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¾ÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑогÑаммнÑÑ
пÑодÑкÑов Microsoft или Ð¾Ñ ÑÑлÑг,
коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе полÑÑиÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. (Ðогда Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑеÑеÑÑ
ÑлÑжбами ÐнÑеÑнеÑа, вÑе Ñавно,
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
Microsoft или дÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ ÑиÑма,
-обÑаÑиÑе внимание на <a
-href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.ru.html">неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑзÑке
-JavaScript</a>, коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
пÑоÑколÑзнÑÑÑ Ð² Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑаÑзеÑ.) Ðогда
-Microsoft вÑпÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, а она
изÑедка Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑо, они
-ÑеоÑеÑиÑеÑки пÑиемлемÑ; но болÑÑинÑÑво из
ниÑ
пÑинÑипиалÑно завиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ
-неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм Microsoft, а Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
нам
оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ñжно, и ÑÑо
-Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
беÑполезнÑми Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, кÑо
вÑбиÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ.</p>
+обÑаÑиÑе внимание на <a
href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">неÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑзÑке JavaScript</a>, коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ
попÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑколÑзнÑÑÑ Ð²
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑаÑзеÑ.) Ðогда Microsoft вÑпÑÑкаеÑ
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, а она изÑедка
+Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑо, они ÑеоÑеÑиÑеÑки пÑиемлемÑ; но
болÑÑинÑÑво из ниÑ
пÑинÑипиалÑно
+завиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм Microsoft, а оÑ
ниÑ
нам оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ñжно,
+и ÑÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
беÑполезнÑми Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾,
кÑо вÑбиÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ.</p>
<p>Ð “Ñ
ÑллоÑинÑкиÑ
докÑменÑаÑ
”,
полÑÑивÑиÑ
оглаÑÐºÑ Ð² окÑÑбÑе
1998 года, ÑÑководиÑели Microsoft вÑказали
намеÑение пÑименÑÑÑ
@@ -140,11 +139,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:33 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -171,6 +172,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -186,7 +188,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:34 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000 1.5
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>
-(<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.ru.html">ÐеÑвонаÑалÑнаÑ
веÑÑиÑ</a>
-ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи бÑла напиÑана в маÑÑе
1998 года о ÑеÑновой ÑедакÑии
-NPL. ÐаÑей пеÑвой ÑÑаÑÑей на ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñла <a
+(<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">ÐеÑвонаÑалÑнаÑ
веÑÑиÑ</a> ÑÑой
+ÑÑаÑÑи бÑла напиÑана в маÑÑе 1998 года о
ÑеÑновой ÑедакÑии NPL. ÐаÑей
+пеÑвой ÑÑаÑÑей на ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñла <a
href="/philosophy/netscape.ru.html">“Netscape ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваеÑ
возможноÑÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ Ð±ÑаÑÐ·ÐµÑ Netscape
Ñвободной пÑогÑаммой”</a>.</p></blockquote>
</div>
@@ -264,11 +264,13 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:34 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -298,6 +300,7 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- English -->
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
@@ -313,7 +316,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/netscape.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/netscape.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/netscape.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:35 -0000 1.5
+++ philosophy/netscape.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000 1.6
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
<div class="announcement">
<blockquote>
-<p><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html">Ðолее Ñвежие
новоÑÑи о
-Netscape</a>.</p>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">Ðолее Ñвежие
новоÑÑи о Netscape</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@
<p>Ðни немного опеÑежаÑÑ ÑобÑÑиÑ. Ð
обÑÑвлении, коÑоÑое Ñделала компаниÑ
Netscape, на Ñамом деле не говоÑиÑÑÑ, ÑÑо они
бÑдÑÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ GNU GPL и не
ÑÑвеÑждаеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑамма бÑÐ´ÐµÑ <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">Ñвободной</a> в Ñом
ÑмÑÑле, какой наÑе
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Ñвободной</a> в Ñом ÑмÑÑле,
какой наÑе
ÑообÑеÑÑво вкладÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð² ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин. ЯÑно,
ÑÑо Netscape ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑой Ñаг
в напÑавлении к Ñвободной пÑогÑамме, но мÑ
не знаем, пÑойдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ они веÑÑ
пÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ оÑÑановÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно далеко. Ðа
Ñамом деле Netscape еÑе дÑмаеÑ,
@@ -80,10 +79,12 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:35 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- German -->
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
@@ -123,7 +125,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/no-word-attachments.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- philosophy/no-word-attachments.ru.html 28 Nov 2011 01:27:44 -0000
1.12
+++ philosophy/no-word-attachments.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:14 -0000
1.13
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено
-$Date: 2011/11/28 01:27:44 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:38 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15 -0000 1.7
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
</p>
<p>Ркогда дело Ð´Ð¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑеÑоÑÐ¼Ñ ÐÐÐС, Ð²Ð¾Ñ <a
-href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.ru.html";>одно
пÑедложение по Ñмене
+href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.html";>одно пÑедложение
по Ñмене
Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÑноÑÑи ÐÐÐС</a>.
</p>
@@ -280,11 +280,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:38 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -311,6 +313,7 @@
<!-- non-w3c entities. xhtml should be XML compliant -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Afrikaans -->
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.af.html">Afrikaans</a> [af]</li> -->
@@ -344,7 +347,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:40
-0000 1.17
+++ philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15
-0000 1.18
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong></p>
<p>Ðогда Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем пÑогÑаммÑ
“Ñвободной”, Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÐ¼ в видÑ, ÑÑо
-она ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">оÑновнÑе
ÑвободÑ
+она ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">оÑновнÑе
ÑвободÑ
полÑзоваÑелей</a>: ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ÑполнÑÑÑ ÐµÐµ,
изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐµ, а Ñакже
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñми
или без ниÑ
. ÐÑо вопÑÐ¾Ñ ÑвободÑ, а не ÑенÑ,
Ñак ÑÑо пÑедÑÑавлÑйÑе Ñебе
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>ÐеÑÑÑки миллионов лÑдей по вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ
иÑполÑзÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ: обÑеÑÑвеннÑе ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
ÑÑаÑов Ðндии и пÑовинÑий ÐÑпании
ÑепеÑÑ Ð¿ÑеподаÑÑ Ð²Ñем ÑÑаÑимÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð²
Ñвободной <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме
GNU/Linux</a>. Ðднако
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме
GNU/Linux</a>. Ðднако
болÑÑинÑÑво ÑÑиÑ
полÑзоваÑелей никогда не
ÑлÑÑало об ÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
пÑиÑинаÑ
, по
коÑоÑÑм Ð¼Ñ ÑазÑабоÑали ÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸
поÑÑÑоили ÑообÑеÑÑво Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑой ÑиÑÑеме и ÑообÑеÑÑве
@@ -401,11 +401,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
ÐеÑевод: jeder <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>, 2008</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:40 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -422,6 +424,7 @@
Translations of this page</h4> -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -455,7 +458,8 @@
<!-- <li><a hreflang="ta"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-->
<!-- Turkish -->
<!-- <li><a hreflang="tr"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html 22 Sep 2011 08:38:34 -0000
1.4
+++ philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15 -0000
1.5
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
</p><p>
P.P.P.S. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑниÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ подÑобно,
поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ .doc не должен бÑÑÑ ÑоÑмаÑом
обмена инÑоÑмаÑией, Ñ Ð¿ÑиглаÑÐ°Ñ ÐаÑ
пÑоÑеÑÑÑ ÑÑÑаниÑÑ <a
-href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.ru.html">
+href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html">
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.ru.html</a>.
Ðна, возможно, великоваÑа, но она Ñ
оÑоÑо
оÑвеÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑеÑб, коÑоÑÑй
наноÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½ докÑменÑами Microsoft Word как Ðам,
оÑпÑавиÑелÑ,
@@ -120,11 +120,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/22 08:38:34 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -151,6 +153,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Greek -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
@@ -166,7 +169,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/philosophy.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/philosophy.ru.html 20 Dec 2011 09:27:03 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/philosophy.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15 -0000 1.10
@@ -40,21 +40,21 @@
<!-- (e.g. foo.fr.html) from here. It would be better to link them -->
<!-- from philosophy.fr.html and the original documents. -mhatta -->
<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ЧÑо Ñакое
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.ru.html">ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ GNU/Linux</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ru.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм
не должно бÑÑÑ
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ЧÑо Ñакое ÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ GNU/Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм
не должно бÑÑÑ
владелÑÑев</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево:
пÑагмаÑиÑеÑкий
идеализм</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.ru.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам нÑжна
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам нÑжна
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑиÑ</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.html">ÐÑодажа ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a> вполне
допÑÑÑима!</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ru.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð»Ñди
пиÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð»Ñди пиÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">ÐÑаво ÑиÑаÑÑ:
анÑиÑÑопиÑеÑкий
ÑаÑÑказ</a> <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>РиÑаÑда
СÑолмена</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">ÐоÑемÑ
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">ÐоÑемÑ
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” не
пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¸Ñ “ÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма”</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">ÐеÑÑ,
коÑоÑÑе
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/12/20 09:27:03 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html 19 Nov 2011 17:36:29 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15 -0000 1.7
@@ -5,93 +5,86 @@
<title>Jak švédská Pirátská strana podkopává svobodný software</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pirate-party.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist" -->
<h2>Jak švédská Pirátská strana podkopává svobodný software</h2>
-<p>od Richarda Stallmana</p>
+<p>od <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richarda Stallmana</a></p>
-<p>Å ikana ze strany vlastnÃků autorských práv podnÃtila ve Å védsku
vznik
-prvnÃpolitické strany, jež má ve vÃnku redukci ochrany autorských práv;
-Pirátskoustranu. Mezi jejÃmi tezemi můžeme najÃt: zákaz správy
digitálnÃch
-práv(digital restrictions management - DRM), legalizaci nekomerÄnÃho
sdÃlenÃ
-publikovaných pracà a zkrácenà doby platnosti autorských práv pÅi
komerÄnÃm
-užità na pÄt let. Po pÄti letech od vydánÃ, by se každá publikovaná
práce
-stalasouÄástà veÅejné domény (public domain).</p>
-
-<p>ObecnÄ ÅeÄeno: tyto zmÄny podporuji. Ironicky, podoba tÄchto zmÄn
-zvolenášvédskou Pirátskou stranou podkopává svobodný software. Jsem si
jist,
-ženezamýšleli svobodný software poÅ¡kodit, pÅesto je to to, co by se
stalo.</p>
-
-<p>GNU General Public License a ostatnà copyleftové licence použÃvajÃ
-autorsképrávo k obranÄ svobody každého uživatele. GPL vÅ¡em povoluje
-Å¡ÃÅenÃupravených pracÃ, ale pouze pod tou samou licencÃ. Å ÃÅenÃ
nepozmÄnÄné
-prácetaktéž vyžaduje zachovánà licence. StejnÄ tak vÅ¡ichni Å¡iÅitelé
-musÃuživatelům umožnit pÅÃstup ke zdrojovému kódu softwaru.</p>
-
-<p>Jak by tedy základnà teze švédské Pirátské strany postihly svobodný
-softwarepod copyleftovou licencÃ? Za pÄt let by jejich zdrojové kódy se
-stalysouÄástà veÅejné domény a vývojáÅi proprietárnÃho softwaru by
ho
-mohlizaÄlenit do svých programů. A jak že to vypadá v pÅÃpadÄ
opaÄném?</p>
-
-<p>Proprietárnà software je omezený licenÄnÃm ujednánÃm pro koncového
-uživatele(EULA), tedy nejen autorským právem, a uživatelé navÃc nemajÃ
jeho
-zdrojovýkód. I pokud by autorské právo povolovalo nekomerÄnà sdÃlenÃ,
EULA
-ho můžezakazovat. NavÃc: uživatelé, nemajÃce zdrojové kódy, nemajÃ
vliv na
-to, coprogram dÄlá, když ho spustÃ. SpouÅ¡tÄnÃm takového programu se
své
-svobodyvzdáváte a pÅenecháváte vývojáÅi vládu nad sebou samými.</p>
+<p>Å ikana ze strany vlastnÃků autorských práv podnÃtila ve Å védsku
vznik prvnÃ
+politické strany, jež má ve vÃnku redukci ochrany autorských práv;
Pirátskou
+stranu. Mezi jejÃmi tezemi můžeme najÃt: digitálnà zákaz správy práv
+(digital restrictions management — DRM), legalizaci nekomerÄnÃho
+sdÃlenà publikovaných pracà a zkrácenà doby platnosti autorských práv
pÅi
+komerÄnÃm užità na pÄt let. Po pÄti letech od vydánÃ, by se každá
+publikovaná práce stala souÄástà veÅejné domény (public domain).</p>
+
+<p>ObecnÄ ÅeÄeno: tyto zmÄny podporuji. Ironicky, podoba tÄchto zmÄn
zvolená
+švédskou Pirátskou stranou podkopává svobodný software. Jsem si jist, že
+nezamýšleli svobodný software poÅ¡kodit, pÅesto je to to, co by se
stalo.</p>
+
+<p>GNU General Public License a ostatnà copyleftové licence použÃvajÃ
autorské
+právo k obranÄ svobody každého uživatele. GPL vÅ¡em povoluje Å¡ÃÅenÃ
+upravených pracÃ, ale pouze pod tou samou licencÃ. Å ÃÅenÃ
nepozmÄnÄné práce
+taktéž vyžaduje zachovánà licence. StejnÄ tak vÅ¡ichni Å¡iÅitelé musÃ
+uživatelům umožnit pÅÃstup ke zdrojovému kódu softwaru.</p>
+
+<p>Jak by tedy základnà teze švédské Pirátské strany postihly svobodný
software
+pod copyleftovou licencÃ? Za pÄt let by jejich zdrojové kódy se staly
+souÄástà veÅejné domény a vývojáÅi proprietárnÃho softwaru by ho
mohli
+zaÄlenit do svých programů. A jak že to vypadá v pÅÃpadÄ opaÄném?</p>
+
+<p>Proprietárnà software je omezený licenÄnÃm ujednánÃm pro koncového
uživatele
+(EULA), tedy nejen autorským právem, a uživatelé navÃc nemajà jeho
zdrojový
+kód. I pokud by autorské právo povolovalo nekomerÄnà sdÃlenÃ, EULA ho
může
+zakazovat. NavÃc: uživatelé, nemajÃce zdrojové kódy, nemajà vliv na to,
co
+program dÄlá, když ho spustÃ. SpouÅ¡tÄnÃm takového programu se své
svobody
+vzdáváte a pÅenecháváte vývojáÅi vládu nad sebou samými.</p>
<p>Jaký následek by mÄlo ukonÄenà autorských práv k programu po
uplynutà pÄti
-let?SouÄasný návrh by nevyžadoval, aby vývojáŠuvolnil zdrojový kód,
a dá se
-pÅedpokládat, že vÄtÅ¡ina by to dobrovolnÄ ani nikdy
-neudÄlala. Uživatelům,poÅád bez pÅÃstupu ke zdrojovému kódu, by nebylo
-umožnÄno použÃvat programve svobodném duchu. Program by dokonce mohl mÃt
-„Äasovanoubombu“, která by zajistila, že po pÄti letech
pÅestane
-fungovat; v tompÅÃpadÄ by kopie ve „veÅejné doménÄ“ vůbec
-nefungovaly.</p>
-
-<p>Tedy, podle návrhu Pirátské strany by za pÄt let vývojáÅi
-proprietárnÃhosoftwaru dostali k využità kód pod GPL, ale vývojáÅi
-svobodného softwaruby na oplátku nedostali kód proprietárnÃ; ne za pÄt
-dokonce let ani za padesátlet ne. Svobodný svÄt by dostal to Å¡patné, ale
ne
-to dobré. RozdÃl mezizdrojovým kódem a objektovým kódem na stranÄ
jedné a
-praxà v použÃvánÃlicenÄnÃch ujednánà pro koncového uživatele na
stranÄ druhé
-by, dal proprietárnÃmu softwaru faktickou výjimku ze vÅ¡eobecného pravidla
o
-pÄtiletéochranÄ autorských práv — tu by ale svobodný software
-nesdÃlel.</p>
-
-<p>V neposlednà ÅadÄ použÃváme autorské právo k ÄásteÄnému
odstÃnÄnÃ
-nebezpeÄÃsoftwarových patentů. Nedokážeme zajistit, že naÅ¡e programy
jsou od
-problémůs nimi spojenými oproÅ¡tÄné (v zemi, která je zavede, nebude
nikdy
-žádnýprogram v bezpeÄÃ), ale alespoÅ patentům zabraÅujeme, aby udÄlaly
-program fakticky nesvobodným. Å védská Pirátská strana navrhuje zruÅ¡enÃ
-softwarových patentů, a pokud by se tak i stalo, tento problém by
-zmizel. Ale dokud toho dosaženo nenÃ, nesmÃme ztratit naÅ¡i jedinou obranu
-pÅed patenty.</p>
-
-<p>Když švédská Pirátská strana oznámila své základnà teze,
vývojáÅi
-svobodnéhosoftwaru si vÅ¡imli tohoto následku a zaÄali navrhovat zvláštnÃ
-pravidlo prosvobodný software - pro ten by autorské právo trvalo déle,
takže
-by mohlo dálepokraÄovat v Å¡ÃÅenà pod copyleftem. Tato výslovná
výjimka pro
-svobodnýsoftware by vyvážila onu faktickou výjimku pro proprietárnÃ
-software.MyslÃm, že i jenom desetiletá výjimka by mÄla staÄit. AvÅ¡ak
tento
-návrh sesetkal s odporem u lÃdrů Pirátské strany, kteÅà se stavÄli
proti
-ideji delÅ¡Ãplatnosti autorského práva v nÄjakém speciálnÃm
pÅÃpadÄ.</p>
-
-<p>Dokázal bych podpoÅit právnà úpravu, která by po uplynutà pÄti let
-zajistilauvolnÄnà zdrojového kódu GPL softwaru do veÅejné domény pod
-podmÃnkou, že tosamé bude platit pro proprietárnà zdrojový kód. Konec
konců
-copyleft je jenprostÅedek vedoucà ke konci – svobodÄ
-uživatelů – ne koncem samotným. A osobnÄ bych nerad obhajoval
-silnÄjÅ¡Ã ochranu autorských práv.</p>
-
-<p>Takže jsem navrhl, aÅ¥ programové teze Pirátské strany požadujÃ, aby v
-dobÄuvolnÄnà binárnÃch souborů byl zdrojový kód vydán “do
-úschovy”.Takto “uschovaný” zdrojový kód by mohl být po
+let? SouÄasný návrh by nevyžadoval, aby vývojáŠuvolnil zdrojový kód,
a dá
+se pÅedpokládat, že vÄtÅ¡ina by to dobrovolnÄ ani nikdy
+neudÄlala. Uživatelům, poÅád bez pÅÃstupu ke zdrojovému kódu, by
nebylo
+umožnÄno použÃvat program ve svobodném duchu. Program by dokonce mohl mÃt
+„Äasovanou bombu“, která by zajistila, že po pÄti letech
+pÅestane fungovat; v tom pÅÃpadÄ by kopie ve „veÅejné
doménē
+vůbec nefungovaly.</p>
+
+<p>Tedy, podle návrhu Pirátské strany by za pÄt let vývojáÅi
proprietárnÃho
+softwaru dostali k využità kód pod GPL, ale vývojáÅi svobodného
softwaru by
+na oplátku nedostali kód proprietárnÃ; ne za pÄt dokonce let ani za
padesát
+let ne. Svobodný svÄt by dostal to Å¡patné, ale ne to dobré. RozdÃl mezi
+zdrojovým kódem a objektovým kódem na stranÄ jedné a praxà v
použÃvánÃ
+licenÄnÃch ujednánà pro koncového uživatele na stranÄ druhé by, dal
+proprietárnÃmu softwaru faktickou výjimku ze vÅ¡eobecného pravidla o
pÄtileté
+ochranÄ autorských práv — tu by ale svobodný software nesdÃlel.</p>
+
+<p>V neposlednà ÅadÄ použÃváme autorské právo k ÄásteÄnému
odstÃnÄnà nebezpeÄÃ
+softwarových patentů. Nedokážeme zajistit, že naše programy jsou od
problémů
+s nimi spojenými oproÅ¡tÄné (v zemi, která je zavede, nebude nikdy žádný
+program v bezpeÄÃ), ale alespoÅ patentům zabraÅujeme, aby udÄlaly program
+fakticky nesvobodným. Å védská Pirátská strana navrhuje zruÅ¡enÃ
softwarových
+patentů, a pokud by se tak i stalo, tento problém by zmizel. Ale dokud toho
+dosaženo nenÃ, nesmÃme ztratit naÅ¡i jedinou obranu pÅed patenty.</p>
+
+<p>Když švédská Pirátská strana oznámila své základnà teze,
vývojáÅi svobodného
+softwaru si vÅ¡imli tohoto následku a zaÄali navrhovat zvláštnà pravidlo
pro
+svobodný software — pro ten by autorské právo trvalo déle, takže by
+mohlo dálepokraÄovat v Å¡ÃÅenà pod copyleftem. Tato výslovná výjimka
pro
+svobodný software by vyvážila onu faktickou výjimku pro proprietárnÃ
+software. MyslÃm, že i jenom desetiletá výjimka by mÄla staÄit. AvÅ¡ak
tento
+návrh se setkal s odporem u lÃdrů Pirátské strany, kteÅà se stavÄli
proti
+ideji delÅ¡Ã platnosti autorského práva v nÄjakém speciálnÃm
pÅÃpadÄ.</p>
+
+<p>Dokázal bych podpoÅit právnà úpravu, která by po uplynutà pÄti let
zajistila
+uvolnÄnà zdrojového kódu GPL softwaru do veÅejné domény pod podmÃnkou,
že to
+samé bude platit pro proprietárnà zdrojový kód. Konec konců copyleft je
jen
+prostÅedek vedoucà ke konci – svobodÄ uživatelů – ne
+koncem samotným. A osobnÄ bych nerad obhajoval silnÄjÅ¡Ã ochranu
autorských
+práv.</p>
+
+<p>Takže jsem navrhl, aÅ¥ programové teze Pirátské strany požadujÃ, aby
v dobÄ
+uvolnÄnà binárnÃch souborů byl zdrojový kód vydán “do
+úschovy”. Takto “uschovaný” zdrojový kód by mohl být po
pÄti letech uvolnÄn do veÅejné domény. SpÃÅ¡e než dÄlat ze svobodného
softwaru oficiálnà výjimku v pÄtileté ochranÄ autorských práv, toto by
eliminovalo neoficiálnà výjimku proprietárnÃho softwaru. AÅ¥ tak Äi onak,
@@ -99,9 +92,9 @@
<p>Jeden pÅÃvrženec Pirátské strany navrhl obecnÄjÅ¡Ã variantu onoho
prvnÃho
návrhu: obecné schéma, dÃky kterému autorská práva trvajà déle, pokud
je
-veÅejnosti dáváno vÃce svobody pÅi využÃvánà dané práce. Výhoda
-tohotopÅÃstupu je ta, že svobodný software se stává obecnÄjÅ¡Ãho
Å¡irÅ¡Ãho
-proudu pracà se vzájemnÄ se liÅ¡ÃcÃmi licencemi a ne osamÄlou
výjimkou.</p>
+veÅejnosti dáváno vÃce svobody pÅi využÃvánà dané práce. Výhoda
tohoto
+pÅÃstupu je ta, že svobodný software se stává obecnÄjÅ¡Ãho Å¡irÅ¡Ãho
proudu
+pracà se vzájemnÄ se liÅ¡ÃcÃmi licencemi a ne osamÄlou výjimkou.</p>
<p>Preferoval bych ÅeÅ¡enà “úschovou”, ale jakákoliv z tÄchto
metod
by pÅedeÅ¡la specifickému pÅedpojatému úÄinku proti svobodnému
@@ -109,7 +102,6 @@
jako ta už zmÃnÄná. AÅ¥ tak Äi onak, Å¡védská Pirátská strana by
mÄla pÅedejÃt
uvalenà hendikepu na hnutà ochraÅujÃcà veÅejnosti pÅed záškodnickými
obry.</p>
-
<div style="font-size: small;">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -118,13 +110,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.cs.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-
<p>
Dotazy ohlednÄ FSF a GNU na <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Jsou zde také
dalšà <a
-href="/contact/">možnosti</a>, jak FSF kontaktovat. <br /> NefungujÃcÃodkazy
-a jiné opravy a návrhy posÃlejte na <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+href="/contact/">možnosti</a>, jak FSF kontaktovat.
+<br />
+NefungujÃcÃodkazy a jiné opravy a návrhy posÃlejte na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -148,48 +140,61 @@
<b>PÅeklad</b>: Michal Nowak <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>,
2010.</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2011/11/19 17:36:29 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>PÅeklady této stránky</h4>
+<!-- <div id="translations">
+ -->
+<!-- <h4>
+Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <gnun>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
- If you add a new language here, please
- advise address@hidden and add it to
- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
- Please also check you have the language code right; see:
- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<ul class="translations-list">
+<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-->
<!-- English -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.es.html">español</a>
[es]</li> -->
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
<!-- Italian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
<!-- Polish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
+<!-- </div>
+ -->
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:47 -0000
1.4
+++ philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15 -0000
1.5
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@
<h3>Ðолее поздние замеÑаниÑ</h3>
<p id="later-1">[1] ÐÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла ÑÑапом пÑÑи,
коÑоÑÑй пÑивел Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ðº пÑÐ¸Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ <a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">необÑекÑивноÑÑи и
неÑÑноÑÑи в ÑеÑмине
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">необÑекÑивноÑÑи и
неÑÑноÑÑи в ÑеÑмине
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”</a>.
РнаÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
Ñбежден, ÑÑо ÑеÑмин не ÑледÑÐµÑ ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ
ни пÑи какиÑ
обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑваÑ
.</p>
@@ -419,11 +419,13 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:47 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -448,6 +450,7 @@
<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Czech -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
-->
@@ -465,7 +468,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:48 -0000
1.5
+++ philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15 -0000
1.6
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<p><em>ЧÑо лиÑено вÑÑкого ÑмÑÑла — ÑÑо
пÑедложение поменÑÑÑ
лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ MySQL на какÑÑ-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">авÑоÑÑкого лева</a>.
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑкого лева</a>.
ÐÑо Ñделало Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑнÑе иÑклÑÑениÑ
невозможнÑми, но позволило бÑ
делаÑÑ Ð²ÑевозможнÑе неÑвободнÑе
модиÑиÑиÑованнÑе веÑÑии.
ÐÑо Ñ
ÑдÑий из вÑÑ
одов Ð´Ð»Ñ MySQL.</em></p>
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑнил им, ÑÑо она подÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ñ
Ñелей.</p>
<p>ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑнÑÑ
иÑклÑÑений пÑинÑипиалÑно
необÑ
одимо пÑименение <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">авÑоÑÑкого лева</a>,
напÑимеÑ,
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑкого лева</a>,
напÑимеÑ,
в виде лиÑензии GNU GPL, пÑи вÑпÑÑке Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ. ТакаÑ
лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑение в дÑÑгÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑолÑко еÑли вÑÑ
пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма вÑпÑÑкаеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñой
же лиÑензией; именно Ñак
@@ -209,10 +209,12 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:48 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -239,6 +241,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- German -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
@@ -248,7 +251,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/selling.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/selling.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:49 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/selling.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:15 -0000 1.7
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@
<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
<!-- language, where necessary. -->
-<p><em>У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
-href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html">некоÑоÑÑе
ÑообÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ мÑÑли
-о плаÑнÑÑ
иÑклÑÑениÑÑ
из лиÑензий
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑакиÑ
, как GNU
-GPL</a>.</em></p>
+<p><em>У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">некоÑоÑÑе
+ÑообÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ мÑÑли о плаÑнÑÑ
иÑклÑÑениÑÑ
из лиÑензий ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
+ÑакиÑ
, как GNU GPL</a>.</em></p>
<p>
Ðногие ÑбежденÑ, ÑÑо дÑÑ
пÑоекÑа GNU ÑоÑÑоиÑ
в Ñом, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑаÑÑ
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@
<p>
РдейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑизÑваем ÑеÑ
, кÑо
пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</a>
бÑаÑÑ ÑÑолÑко,
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</a>
бÑаÑÑ ÑÑолÑко,
ÑколÑко они Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ могÑÑ. ÐÑли Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
ÑÑо — неожиданноÑÑÑ,
пÑоÑÑиÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, ÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ.</p>
@@ -244,11 +243,13 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:49 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -274,6 +275,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -319,7 +321,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:49 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:16 -0000 1.7
@@ -48,9 +48,8 @@
пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑбÑÑкам. Я пÑиÑ
Ð¾Ð¶Ñ Ðº заклÑÑениÑ,
ÑÑо долг
пÑогÑаммиÑÑов — пооÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑг Ñ Ð´ÑÑгом,
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ, изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ ÑлÑÑÑаÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¸Ñем; дÑÑгим
-Ñловами, пиÑаÑÑ <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">“ÑвободнÑе”
пÑогÑаммÑ</a><a
-href="#f1">(1)</a>.</p>
+Ñловами, пиÑаÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“ÑвободнÑе”
+пÑогÑаммÑ</a><a href="#f1">(1)</a>.</p>
<h3 id="owner-justification">Ðак владелÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑавдÑваÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ</h3>
<p>
@@ -903,11 +902,13 @@
ÐеÑевод на ÑÑÑÑкий ÑзÑк: <br /> Copyright © 2000
СеÑгей ÐоÑоп <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a> <br /> Copyright ©
2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:49 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -934,6 +935,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Catalan -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li> -->
@@ -971,7 +973,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html 10 Nov 2011 09:39:03 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:16 -0000
1.2
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@
“одолжиÑÑ”, на огÑаниÑенное вÑемÑ, но
ÑолÑко Ñказав Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð´ÑÑгого
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ñой же Ñамой ÑиÑÑемÑ. ÐикакиÑ
подаÑков или пÑодаж.</li>
<li>ÐопиÑоваÑÑ ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑзÑ
из-за <a
-href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ru.html">ÑиÑÑового
ÑпÑавлениÑ
-огÑаниÑениÑми</a> в пÑоигÑÑваÑеле; ÑÑо
Ñакже запÑеÑено лиÑензией, более
-жеÑÑкой, Ñем авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво.</li>
+href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">ÑиÑÑового ÑпÑавлениÑ
огÑаниÑениÑми</a>
+в пÑоигÑÑваÑеле; ÑÑо Ñакже запÑеÑено
лиÑензией, более жеÑÑкой, Ñем авÑоÑÑкое
+пÑаво.</li>
<li>Amazon Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ñдаленно ÑÑеÑеÑÑ ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ ÑеÑез ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од. Ðни
воÑполÑзовалиÑÑ ÑÑим ÑеÑнÑм Ñ
одом в
2009 годÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑеÑеÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÑи
копий Ñомана ÐжоÑджа ÐÑÑÑлла “1984”.</li>
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<h3>ÐÑимеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеводÑика</h3> <ol> <li
id="tfn1">Ðолее подÑобно ÑÑи меÑодÑ
ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваÑÑÑÑ Ñакже в ÑÑаÑÑе <a
-href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.ru.html">“Свобода или
авÑоÑÑкое
+href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">“Свобода или
авÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво?”</a></li></ol></div>
</div>
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/11/10 09:39:03 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/udi.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/udi.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/udi.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:51 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/udi.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:16 -0000 1.5
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
напÑаÑиваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° непÑиÑÑноÑÑи.</p></li>
<li> ÐÑди могли Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
дÑайвеÑÑ Windows на ÑиÑÑемаÑ
<a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
<p>
ÐапÑÑмÑÑ ÑÑо не ÑказалоÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑпекÑÑе
аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ, поддеÑживаемой
ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами. Ðо коÑвенно ÑÑо
пÑивело Ð±Ñ Ðº ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑпекÑÑа за
@@ -164,11 +164,13 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:51 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -195,6 +197,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- English -->
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
@@ -210,7 +213,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/udi.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:54 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:16 -0000 1.5
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
<p>
РпÑоекÑе GNU Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑно ÑекомендÑем
пÑименÑÑÑ Ñакие лиÑензии Ñ <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">авÑоÑÑким левом</a>, как
GNU GPL, а не
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑким левом</a>, как GNU
GPL, а не
либеÑалÑнÑе лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
без авÑоÑÑкого лева. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ вÑÑÑÑпаем
ожеÑÑоÑенно пÑоÑив лиÑензий без
авÑоÑÑкого лева — Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ
ÑекомендÑем иÑ
изÑедка в оÑобÑÑ
обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑваÑ
— но ÑÑоÑонники
@@ -106,11 +106,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:54 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -136,6 +138,7 @@
<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -167,7 +170,8 @@
<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
<!-- Russian -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/why-free.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-free.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/why-free.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:55 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/why-free.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:16 -0000 1.7
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
<p>
ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñим, ÑÑо ÑÑÑноÑÑÑ <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a> — в
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a> — в
Ñвободе, а не в Ñене.</p>
<p>
@@ -375,10 +375,12 @@
найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:55 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -409,6 +411,7 @@
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- <gnun>
+
<ul class="translations-list"> -->
<!-- Arabic -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
@@ -460,7 +463,8 @@
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-->
<!-- Turkish -->
<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
-<!-- </ul></gnun> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
<!-- </div>
-->
</div>
Index: philosophy/x.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/x.ru.html 20 Sep 2011 17:15:55 -0000 1.5
+++ philosophy/x.ru.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:16 -0000 1.6
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<p>
ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑазÑабоÑÑики ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм пÑедпоÑиÑаÑÑ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение без
авÑоÑÑкого лева. Такие лиÑензии без
авÑоÑÑкого лева, как лиÑензии XFree86 и
-<a href="/philosophy/bsd.ru.html">BSD</a>, оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°
пÑинÑипе незапÑеÑениÑ
+<a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">BSD</a>, оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑинÑипе
незапÑеÑениÑ
Ñего Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло —
даже ÑомÑ, кÑо ÑÑÑемиÑÑÑ
воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñей ÑабоÑой как оÑновой
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
. Ð
лиÑензиÑовании без авÑоÑÑкого лева неÑ
ниÑего дÑÑного, но оно ÑпÑÑкаеÑ
@@ -204,11 +204,13 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
</div>
+
+
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2011/09/20 17:15:55 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -233,6 +235,7 @@
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+
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@@ -252,7 +255,8 @@
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href="/philosophy/x.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
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+<!-- </ul>
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-->
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Index: philosophy/po/bsd.translist
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RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/bsd.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
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diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/bsd.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:20 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/bsd.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:26 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
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<!-- French -->
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<li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
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+<li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
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+<li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
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href="/philosophy/bsd.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
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Index: philosophy/po/categories.ru-en.html
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RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/categories.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/categories.ru-en.html 15 Nov 2011 01:34:25 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/categories.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:26 -0000 1.2
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/15 01:34:25 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:26 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/categories.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/categories.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/categories.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:18 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/categories.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:26 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,45 +2,45 @@
<div id="translations">
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href="/philosophy/categories.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
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<!-- Catalan -->
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+<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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href="/philosophy/categories.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
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+<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
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+<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
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href="/philosophy/categories.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
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Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/categories.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/categories.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/categories.sl.html">slovenščina</a> [sl]</li>
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href="/philosophy/categories.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
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href="/philosophy/categories.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
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href="/philosophy/categories.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/categories.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
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<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/compromise.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/compromise.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/compromise.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:08 -0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/po/compromise.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:27 -0000 1.4
@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
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href="/philosophy/compromise.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
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-<li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
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href="/philosophy/compromise.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
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href="/philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
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href="/philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
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</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:07 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:27 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
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<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
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href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
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@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@
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<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
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href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
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Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pt-br.html">português do
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href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
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href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
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</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:21
-0000 1.2
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-0000 1.3
@@ -2,35 +2,35 @@
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<ul class="translations-list">
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
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<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
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<li><a
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<!-- Spanish -->
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href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
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<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
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<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
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href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
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<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
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href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
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href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
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<!-- Serbian -->
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href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
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href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
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</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/free-software-intro.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-intro.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/free-software-intro.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:14 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/free-software-intro.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:27 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
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</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html 30 Nov 2011 01:26:54 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:27 -0000 1.2
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/30 01:26:54 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:27 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/free-sw.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:21 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:28 -0000 1.3
@@ -4,39 +4,39 @@
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href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Azerbaijani -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">Azərbaycanca</a> [az]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.az.html">AzÉrbaycanca</a> [az]</li>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
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href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Bengali -->
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href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">বাংলা</a> [bn]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bn.html">বাà¦à¦²à¦¾</a> [bn]</li>
<!-- Bosnian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.bs.html">bosanski</a> [bs]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.da.html">dansk</a> [da]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.eo.html">Esperanto</a> [eo]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Galician -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.gl.html">galego</a> [gl]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</li>
<!-- Hungarian -->
@@ -46,39 +46,39 @@
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-<!-- Norwegian (Bokmål) -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk
(bokmål)</a> [nb]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Norwegian (Bokmål) -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norsk (bokmål)</a> [nb]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
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-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sk.html">slovenÄina</a> [sk]</li>
<!-- Slovenian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">slovenščina</a> [sl]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sl.html">slovenÅ¡Äina</a> [sl]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tl.html">Tagalog</a> [tl]</li>
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-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:15
-0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:28
-0000 1.3
@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Croatian -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
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diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:16 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:28 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,31 +2,31 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
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<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
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Index: philosophy/po/gif.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/gif.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
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diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/gif.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:25 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/gif.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:28 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/gnutella.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/gnutella.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
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diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/gnutella.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:21 -0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/po/gnutella.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:29 -0000 1.4
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
<!-- Bosnian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.bs.html">bosanski</a> [bs]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Croatian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</li>
<!-- Hungarian -->
@@ -20,23 +20,23 @@
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:19 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:29 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:12 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:29 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,27 +2,27 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ca.html">catalÃ
</a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft-old.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-old.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/microsoft-old.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:18 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft-old.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.hu.html">magyar</a> [hu]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
@@ -24,17 +24,17 @@
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
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</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
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diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:06 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,27 +2,27 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
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<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/microsoft.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/microsoft.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:24 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
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-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:09 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000
1.3
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/netscape.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/netscape.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/netscape.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:10 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/netscape.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000 1.3
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.ru-en.html 28 Nov 2011 01:27:56
-0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:31
-0000 1.2
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/28 01:27:56 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:31 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:21 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:31 -0000 1.3
@@ -4,39 +4,39 @@
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<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.af.html">Afrikaans</a> [af]</li>
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist 25 Dec 2011
05:18:07 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist 26 Dec 2011
09:29:31 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,37 +2,37 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:26
-0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:32
-0000 1.3
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/papadopoulos-response.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
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diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html 20 Dec 2011 09:27:08 -0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:32 -0000 1.4
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/20 09:27:08 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:32 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
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diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs.po 26 Dec 2011 08:18:39 -0000 1.5
+++ philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs.po 26 Dec 2011 09:29:32 -0000 1.6
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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# type: Content of: <h2>
#. type: Content of: <h2>
Index: philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
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diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:14 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:33 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/pirate-party.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:19
-0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:33
-0000 1.3
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:18 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:33 -0000
1.3
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/selling.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/selling.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:09 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/selling.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:34 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,49 +2,49 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/selling.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:21 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:34 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Finnish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.fi.html">suomi</a> [fi]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
@@ -24,19 +24,19 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Serbian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</li>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru-en.html 10 Nov 2011 09:39:10
-0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:34
-0000 1.2
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/10 09:39:10 $
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:34 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:07
-0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:34
-0000 1.4
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/udi.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/udi.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/udi.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:10 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/udi.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:35 -0000 1.3
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/udi.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/udi.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:15 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:35 -0000
1.3
@@ -2,37 +2,37 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.he.html">×¢×ר×ת</a> [he]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/why-free.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/why-free.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:20 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:35 -0000 1.3
@@ -2,31 +2,31 @@
<div id="translations">
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> [ar]</li>
<!-- Azerbaijani -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.az.html">Azərbaycanca</a> [az]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.az.html">AzÉrbaycanca</a> [az]</li>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</li>
<!-- Bengali -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.bn.html">বাংলা</a> [bn]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.bn.html">বাà¦à¦²à¦¾</a> [bn]</li>
<!-- Catalan -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</li>
<!-- Czech -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</li>
<!-- Danish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.da.html">dansk</a> [da]</li>
<!-- German -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
<!-- Greek -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Croatian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</li>
<!-- Hungarian -->
@@ -36,25 +36,25 @@
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ml.html">മലയാളà´</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
<!-- Romanian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</li>
<!-- Turkish -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/why-free.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/x.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/x.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/x.translist 25 Dec 2011 05:18:11 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/x.translist 26 Dec 2011 09:29:35 -0000 1.3
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@
<!-- English -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/x.en.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/x.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/x.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
<!-- French -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/x.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/x.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Indonesian -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/x.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
<!-- Japanese -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/x.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/x.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</li>
<!-- Korean -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/x.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/x.ko.html">íêµì´</a> [ko]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/x.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
<!-- Polish -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/x.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/x.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/x.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: copyleft/po/copyleft.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: copyleft/po/copyleft.ru-en.html
diff -N copyleft/po/copyleft.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ copyleft/po/copyleft.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:02 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>What is Copyleft? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Copyleft" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/copyleft/po/copyleft.translist" -->
+
+<h2>What is Copyleft?</h2>
+
+<p>
+Copyleft is a general method for making a program (or
+other work) free, and requiring all modified and extended versions of the
+program to be free as well.</p>
+
+<p>
+The simplest way to make a program free software is to put it in the
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware">public
+domain</a>, uncopyrighted. This allows people to
+share the program and their improvements, if they are so minded. But
+it also allows uncooperative people to convert the program into
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary
+software</a>. They can make changes, many or few,
+and distribute the result as a proprietary product. People who
+receive the program in that modified form do not have the freedom that
+the original author gave them; the middleman has stripped it away.</p>
+
+<p>
+In the <a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU project</a>, our aim is
+to give <em>all</em> users the freedom to redistribute and change GNU
+software. If middlemen could strip off the freedom, we might have
+many users, but those users would not have freedom. So instead of
+putting GNU software in the public domain, we “copyleft”
+it. Copyleft says that anyone who redistributes the software, with or
+without changes, must pass along the freedom to further copy and
+change it. Copyleft guarantees that every user has freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyleft also provides an
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">incentive</a>
+for other programmers to add to free software.
+Important free programs such as the GNU C++ compiler exist
+only because of this.</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute
+<a href="/prep/tasks.html">improvements</a> to
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> get permission to
+do so. These programmers often work for companies or universities
+that would do almost anything to get more money. A programmer may
+want to contribute her changes to the community, but her employer may
+want to turn the changes into a proprietary software product.</p>
+
+<p>
+When we explain to the employer that it is illegal to distribute the
+improved version except as free software, the employer usually decides
+to release it as free software rather than throw it away.</p>
+
+<p>
+To copyleft a program, we first state that it is copyrighted; then we
+add distribution terms, which are a legal instrument that gives
+everyone the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the program's
+code, <em>or any program derived from it</em>, but only if the
+distribution terms are unchanged. Thus, the code and the freedoms
+become legally inseparable.</p>
+
+<p>
+Proprietary software developers use copyright to take away the users'
+freedom; we use copyright to guarantee their freedom. That's why we
+reverse the name, changing “copyright” into
+“copyleft.”</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyleft is a way of using of the copyright on the program. It
+doesn't mean abandoning the copyright; in fact, doing so would make
+copyleft impossible. The “left” in
+“copyleft” is not a reference to the verb “to
+leave”—only to the direction which is the inverse of
+“right”.</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyleft is a general concept, and you can't use a general concept
+directly; you can only use a specific implementation of the concept.
+In the GNU Project, the specific distribution terms that we use for
+most software are contained in the
+<a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License (available in
+HTML</a>, <a href="/copyleft/gpl.txt">text</a>, and
+<a href="/copyleft/gpl.texi">Texinfo</a> format). The GNU General
+Public License is often called the GNU GPL for short. There is also a
+<a href="/copyleft/gpl-faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a> page
+about the GNU GPL. You can also read about
+<a href="/copyleft/why-assign.html">why the FSF gets copyright
+assignments from contributors</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+An alternate form of copyleft, the <a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU
+Lesser General Public License (LGPL) (available in HTML</a>, <a
+href="/licenses/lgpl.txt">text</a>, and <a
+href="/licenses/lgpl.texi">Texinfo</a> format), applies to a few (but not
+all) GNU libraries. To learn more about properly using the LGPL, please
+read the article <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"><cite>Why you
+shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your next library</cite></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The <a href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License (FDL)
+(available in HTML</a>, <a href="/copyleft/fdl.txt">text</a> and
+<a href="/copyleft/fdl.texi">Texinfo)</a> is a form of copyleft intended
+for use on a manual, textbook or other document to assure everyone the
+effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
+modifications, either commercially or noncommercially.</p>
+
+<p>
+The appropriate license is included in many manuals and in each GNU
+source code distribution.</p>
+
+<p>
+All these licenses are designed so that you can easily apply them to
+your own works, assuming you are the copyright holder. You don't have
+to modify the license to do this, just include a copy of the license
+in the work, and add notices in the source files that refer properly
+to the license.</p>
+
+<p>
+Using the same distribution terms for many different programs makes it
+easy to copy code between various different programs. When they all
+have the same distribution terms, there is no problem. The Lesser
+GPL, version 2, includes a provision that lets you alter the
+distribution terms to the ordinary GPL, so that you can copy code into
+another program covered by the GPL. Version 3 of the Lesser GPL is
+built as an exception added to GPL version 3, making the compatibility
+automatic.</p>
+
+<p>
+If you would like to copyleft your program with the GNU GPL or the GNU
+LGPL, please see the <a href="/copyleft/gpl-howto.html">license
+instructions page</a> for advice. Please note that you must use the entire
+text of the license you choose. Each is an integral whole, and
+partial copies are not permitted.</p>
+
+<p>
+If you would like to copyleft your manual with the GNU FDL, please
+see the instructions at the
+<a href="/copyleft/fdl.html#SEC4">end</a> of the FDL text, and
+the <a href="/copyleft/fdl-howto.html">GFDL instructions page</a>. Again,
+partial copies are not permitted.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:02 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Bosnian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.bs.html">Bosanski</a> [bs]</li> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
-->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.es.html">español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Tamil -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-->
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: distros/po/distros.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: distros/po/distros.ru-en.html
diff -N distros/po/distros.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ distros/po/distros.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:13 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>GNU/Linux Distros - GNU Operating System</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/distros.translist" -->
+
+<h2>GNU/Linux Distros</h2>
+
+<p>
+Free GNU/Linux system distributions (or “distros”) only
+include and only propose free software. They reject non-free
+applications, non-free programming platforms, non-free drivers,
+non-free firmware “blobs”, and any other non-free software
+and documentation. If they discover that by mistake some had been
+included, they remove it.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="freeDistros">Free GNU/Linux Distros</h3>
+<p>
+We recommend that you use a free GNU/Linux system distribution, one that does
+not include proprietary software at all. That way you can be sure that you are
+not installing any non-free programs. Here is our list of such distros:<br />
+<a href="/distros/free-distros.html">
+Free GNU/Linux distributions</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+All of these existing distros could use more development help. Thus,
+if you want to make an effective contribution to free GNU/Linux
+distributions, we suggest that you join the development of an existing
+free distro rather that starting a new free distro.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="distroGuidelines">Free Distro Guidelines</h3>
+<p>
+Here is the list of problems that can prevent a distro from being
+considered entirely free:<br />
+<a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
+Guidelines for free system distributions</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="otherDistros">Common Distros</h3>
+<p>
+Many common and well-known GNU/Linux software distributions don't meet
+our guidelines. You can read about their problems here:<br />
+<a href="/distros/common-distros.html">
+Why we can't endorse many well-known GNU/Linux distros</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+We appeal to the developers of these distros to remove the non-free parts and
+thus make them entirely free software.
+</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:13 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- See also '(web-trans)Capitalization': -->
+<!--
http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html
-->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/distros.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/distros.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/distros.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Slovak -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
-->
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru-en.html
diff -N distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011
09:28:13 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Guidelines for Free System Distributions - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
+<h2>Guidelines for Free System Distributions</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendix C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<!-- This document was originally written in the Campaigns Wiki, at -->
+<!-- /licensing/writings/free-system-distribution-guidelines.txt. -->
+
+<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
+
+<p>The purpose of these guidelines is to explain what it means for a
+system distribution (such as a GNU/Linux distribution) to qualify as free,
+and help distribution developers make their distributions qualify.</p>
+
+<p>These guidelines are not complete. We have mentioned the issues we
+are aware of now, but we're sure there are more. We will add them
+when we come across them.</p>
+
+<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for their help in focusing
+these policies, and allowing us to use their own distribution license
+guidelines as a basis for this document.</p>
+
+<h3 id="license-rules">License Rules</h3>
+
+<p>“Information for practical use”
+includes software, documentation, fonts, and other data that has
+direct functional applications. It does not include artistic works
+that have an aesthetic (rather than functional) purpose, or statements
+of opinion or judgment.</p>
+
+<p>All information for practical use in a free distribution must be
+available in source form. (“Source” means the form of the
+information that is preferred for making changes to it.)</p>
+
+<p>The information, and the source, must be provided under an
+appropriate free license. We list the ones we have evaluated
+on <a class="reference" href="/licenses/license-list.html">our license
+list</a>, with separate sections for licenses that are suitable for
+software, documentation, fonts, and other useful works. If such a
+work is released under multiple licenses, at least one of which is
+free, it can be included in the system; the system developers just
+need to follow the terms of the available free license(s) when they
+distribute and/or modify it.</p>
+
+<p>A free system distribution must not steer users towards obtaining
+any nonfree information for practical use, or encourage them to do so.
+There should be no repositories or ports for nonfree software. Nor
+should the distribution refer to third-party repositories that are not
+committed to only including free software; even if they only have free
+software today, that may not be true tomorrow. Programs in the system
+should not suggest installing nonfree plugins, documentation, and so
+on.</p>
+
+<p>A free system distribution should be self-hosting. This means that
+you must be able to develop and build the system with tools that the
+system provides you. As a result, a free system distribution cannot
+include free software that can only be built by using nonfree
+software.</p>
+
+<p>There's a lot of code in most free system distributions today; the
+amount of effort it would take to audit it all directly is impractical
+for most teams. In the past, some nonfree code has accidentally been
+included in free system distributions. We don't de-list distributions
+because of this; instead, we only ask that a distribution put forth a
+good faith effort to avoid including nonfree software, and commit
+itself to removing such programs if they are discovered later.</p>
+
+<p>Certain kinds of license situations merit special attention for people
+creating or considering free software distributions; those are
+discussed in the sections below.</p>
+
+<h3 id="nonfree-firmware">Nonfree Firmware</h3>
+
+<p>Some applications and drivers require firmware to function, and
+sometimes that firmware is distributed only in object code form, under
+a nonfree license. We call these firmware programs
+“blobs.” On most GNU/Linux systems, you'll typically find
+these accompanying some drivers in the kernel Linux. Such firmware
+should be removed from a free system distribution.</p>
+
+<p>Blobs can take many forms. Sometimes, they will be provided in
+separate files. Other times, they may be incorporated into the source
+of the driver itself—for example, it could be encoded as a large
+array of numbers. But no matter how it's encoded, any nonfree
+firmware needs to be removed from a free system.</p>
+
+<p>(To be clear, not every array of numbers in a driver is firmware.
+It's important to understand the purpose of the data before deciding
+whether or not it's appropriate for a free system.)</p>
+
+<p>Brian Brazil, Jeff Moe, and Alexandre Oliva have developed a series
+of <a class="reference"
+href="http://www.fsfla.org/svn/fsfla/software/linux-libre/scripts/";>scripts
+to remove nonfree firmware</a> from a stock version of the Linux kernel.
+You may find them helpful if you would like to develop your own free
+GNU/Linux distribution—although we recommend joining development
+of an existing free distro rather than fragmenting effort by starting a
+new one. The complete source for a blob-free version of the Linux
+kernel is also available; you can learn more about this project from the
+<a class="reference" href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux/";>Free
+Software Directory</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="non-functional-data">Non-functional Data</h3>
+
+<p>Data that isn't functional, that doesn't do a practical job, is
+more of an adornment to the system's software than a part of it.
+Thus, we don't insist on the free license criteria for non-functional
+data. It can be included in a free system distribution as long as its
+license gives you permission to copy and redistribute, both for
+commercial and non-commercial purposes. For example, some game
+engines released under the GNU GPL have accompanying game
+information—a fictional world map, game graphics, and so
+on—released under such a verbatim-distribution license. This
+kind of data can be part of a free system distribution, even though
+its license does not qualify as free, because it is non-functional.</p>
+
+<h3 id="trademarks">Trademarks</h3>
+
+<p>Trademarks are associated with some software. For example, the
+name of a program may be trademarked, or its interface may display a
+trademarked logo. Often, the use of these marks will be controlled
+in some way; in particular, developers are commonly asked to remove
+references to the trademark from the software when they modify
+it.</p>
+
+<p>In extreme cases, these restrictions may effectively render the
+program nonfree. It is unfair for someone to ask you to remove a
+trademark from modified code if that trademark is scattered all
+throughout the original source. As long as the practical
+requirements are reasonable, however, free system distributions may
+include these programs, either with or without the trademarks.</p>
+
+<p>Similarly, the distribution itself may hold particular trademarks.
+It is not a problem if modification requires removal of these
+trademarks, as long as they can readily be removed without losing
+functionality.</p>
+
+<p>However, it is unacceptable to use trademarks to restrict verbatim
+copying and redistribution of the whole distribution, or any part.</p>
+
+<h3 id="documentation">Documentation</h3>
+
+<p>All the documentation in a free system distribution must be released
+under an appropriate free license. Additionally, it must take care
+not to recommend nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>In general, something that helps people who already use nonfree
+software to use the free software better with it is acceptable, but
+something that encourages users of the free software to install
+nonfree software is harmful.</p>
+
+<p>For example, a free system distribution may have documentation for
+users setting up dual boot systems. It could explain how to access
+filesystems of the proprietary operating system, import settings
+from it, and so on. That would be helping people install a free
+system distribution on a machine which already has proprietary
+software, which is good.</p>
+
+<p>What would be unacceptable is for the documentation to give people
+instructions for installing a nonfree program on the system, or
+mention conveniences they might gain by doing so.</p>
+
+<p>For a borderline case, a clear and serious exhortation not to use the
+nonfree program would clearly make it acceptable.</p>
+
+<h3 id="patents">Patents</h3>
+
+<p>It is effectively impossible for free software developers and
+distributors to know whether or not a given piece of software
+infringes any patents: there are too many of them, they vary from
+country to country, they're often worded so as to make it hard to tell
+what they do or don't cover, and it isn't easy to tell which ones are
+valid. Therefore, we don't generally ask free system distributions to
+exclude software because of possible threats from patents. On the
+other hand, we also don't object if a distributor chooses to omit some
+software in order to avoid patent risk.</p>
+
+<h3 id="mistakes">Commitment to Correct Mistakes</h3>
+
+<p>Most distribution development teams don't have the resources to
+perfectly check and make sure that their distribution meet all these
+criteria. Neither do we. So we expect developers to occasionally
+make mistakes that let some nonfree software slip through, and we
+don't reject a distribution just for that. What is crucial is for the
+distribution developers to have a firm commitment to promptly correct
+any mistakes that are reported to them.</p>
+
+<h3 id="maintenance">Maintenance</h3>
+
+<p>To be listed, a distribution should be actively maintained,
+and should give the GNU Project a clear and specific way to report problems
+of nonfree software that we find out about. It should also
+inform us when the problems we have reported are fixed.</p>
+
+<h3 id="name-confusion">Name Confusion</h3>
+
+<p>We will not list a distribution whose name makes confusion with
+nonfree distributions likely. For example, if Foobar Light is a free
+distribution and Foobar is a nonfree distribution, we will not list
+Foobar Light. This is because we expect that the distinction between
+the two would be lost in the process of communicating the message.</p>
+
+<h3 id="upstream">Contacting Upstream If You're Downstream</h3>
+
+<p>For distro developers (or anyone else) who have sent an important bug
+report for a GNU package: if it has gone unheeded by the package
+maintainer after a reasonable time (please allow at least two weeks),
+you can escalate the bug by writing to <address@hidden>.
+This is especially warranted if you can't find evidence of recent
+activity by the package maintainer.</p>
+
+<h3 id="final-notes">Final Notes</h3>
+
+<p>We maintain a list of the <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">free
+system distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
+distribution that isn't listed there, please have the developers write
+to <<a class="reference"
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>> with a description of
+their system and a link to their web page.</p>
+
+<p>Our list consists of systems based on GNU which acknowledge that
+they are based on GNU. At present, we know of no other systems
+that would qualify. If someday there is one, we will list it,
+but not necessarily in same way.</p>
+
+<p>If you have questions or comments about these guidelines
+themselves, feel free to send those to <<a class="reference"
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>>. We hope
+that they help everyone better understand the issues that are important
+for free system distributions, and we look forward to promoting more
+of them in the future.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:13 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- See also '(web-trans)Capitalization': -->
+<!--
http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html
-->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
-->
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/gnu-history.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/gnu-history.ru-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/gnu-history.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/gnu-history.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:28 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Overview of the GNU System - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, History" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist" -->
+
+<h2>Overview of the GNU System</h2>
+
+<p>
+The GNU operating system is a complete free software system,
+upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix”.
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> made the
+<a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial Announcement</a> of
+the GNU Project in September 1983. A longer version called
+the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a> was published in
+March 1985. It has been translated into several
+<a href="/gnu/manifesto.html#translations">other languages</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few
+requirements; first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not
+Unix”, second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun
+to say (or
+<a href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html";>Sing</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+The word “free” in “free software” pertains to
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">freedom</a>, not price. You may or
+may not pay a price to get GNU software. Either way, once you have
+the software you have three specific freedoms in using it. First, the
+freedom to copy the program and give it away to your friends and
+co-workers; second, the freedom to change the program as you wish, by
+having full access to source code; third, the freedom to distribute an
+improved version and thus help build the community. (If you
+redistribute GNU software, you may charge a fee for the physical act
+of transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.)</p>
+
+<p>
+The project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU
+Project”. The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of
+bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing
+community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by
+removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of
+proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1971, when Richard Stallman started his career at MIT, he worked in
+a group which used <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> exclusively. Even computer companies often distributed
+free software. Programmers were free to cooperate with each other,
+and often did.</p>
+
+<p>
+By the 1980s, almost all software was
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>,
+which means that it had owners who forbid and
+prevent cooperation by users. This made the GNU Project necessary.</p>
+
+<p>
+Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free
+operating system, then you can't even get started using a computer
+without resorting to proprietary software. So the first item on the
+free software agenda obviously had to be a free operating system.</p>
+
+<p>
+We decided to make the operating system compatible with Unix because
+the overall design was already proven and portable, and because
+compatibility makes it easy for Unix users to switch from Unix to GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+A Unix-like operating system is much more than a kernel; it also
+includes compilers, editors, text formatters, mail software, and many
+other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a very large
+job. We started in January 1984. It took many years.
+The <a href="http://fsf.org/";>Free Software Foundation</a> was
+founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help develop GNU.</p>
+
+<p>By 1990 we had either found or written all the major components
+except one—the kernel. Then Linux, a Unix-like kernel, was
+developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and made free software in 1992.
+Combining Linux with the almost-complete GNU system resulted in a
+complete operating system: the GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that
+tens of millions of people now use GNU/Linux systems, typically
+via <a href="/distros">distributions</a> such as Slackware, Debian,
+Red Hat, and others.</p>
+
+<p>
+(The principal version of Linux now contains non-free firmware
+“blobs”. Free software activists now maintain a modified
+<a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux";>free version</a>
+of Linux.)</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system.
+We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users
+want to have. This includes application software. See
+the <a href="/directory">Free Software Directory</a> for a catalogue
+of free software application programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+We also want to provide software for users who are not computer
+experts. Therefore we developed a
+<a href="http://www.gnome.org/";>graphical desktop (called GNOME)</a> to help
+beginners use the GNU system.</p>
+
+<p>We also want to provide games and other recreations. Plenty of <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game";>free games</a> are
+already available.</p>
+
+<p>
+How far can free software go? There are no limits, except when <a
+href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html">laws such as the
+patent system prohibit free software</a> entirely. The ultimate goal is
+to provide free software to do all of the jobs computer users want to
+do—and thus make proprietary software a thing of the past.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007,
+2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:28 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- Persian (Farsi) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Bahasa Indonesia -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li> -->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li> -->
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ro.html">Românã</a> [ro]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Swedish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</li> -->
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
+<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:28
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist" -->
+<h2>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can also read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a>
+and our page on <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU
Project</a>.
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Most people have never heard of GNU. Even most of the people who use
+the GNU system have never heard of GNU, thanks to so many people and
+companies who teach them to call it “Linux”. Nonetheless,
+the name GNU has certain associations, which people will discover once
+they hear the name. GNU is associated with the ideals of freedom of the
+free software movement. That association is no accident; the motive for
+developing GNU was specifically to make it possible to use a computer
+and have freedom.</p>
+
+<p>The association between the name GNU and our goals of freedom and
+social solidarity exists in the minds of hundreds of thousands of
+GNU/Linux users that do know about GNU. It exists in Wikipedia. And it
+exists around the web; if these users search for GNU, they will find <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org";>www.gnu.org</a>, which talks about free
+software and freedom.</p>
+
+<p>A person seeing the name “GNU” for the first time in
+“GNU/Linux” won't immediately associate it with anything.
+However, when people know that the system is basically GNU, that brings
+them a step closer to learning about our ideals. For instance, they
+might become curious and look for more information about GNU.</p>
+
+<p>If they don't look for it, they may encounter it anyway. The
+“open source” rhetoric tends to lead people's attention away
+from issues of users' freedom, but not totally; there is still
+discussion of GNU and free software, and people have some chance of
+coming across it. When that happens, the reader is more likely to pay
+attention to information about GNU (such as that it's the work of a
+campaign for freedom and community) if he knows he is a user of the GNU
+system.</p>
+
+<p>Over time, calling the system “GNU/Linux” spreads
+awareness of the ideals of freedom for which we developed the GNU
+system. It is also useful as a reminder for people in our community who
+know about these ideals, in a world where much of discussion of free
+software takes a totally practical (and thus amoral) approach. When we
+ask you to call the system “GNU/Linux”, we do so because
+awareness of GNU slowly but surely brings with it awareness of the free
+software ideals of freedom and community.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:28 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/gnu.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/gnu.ru-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/gnu.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/gnu.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:28 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>The GNU Operating System
+- GNU project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist" -->
+
+<h2>The GNU Operating System</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/about-gnu.html">About the GNU Operating System</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">A historical overview of GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">A more detailed history of GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">The initial announcement</a>
+ of the project</li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">The GNU Manifesto</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">BYTE interview with Richard
+ Stallman</a> (1986)</li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html">My Lisp Experiences and the
+ Development of GNU Emacs</a> (by Richard Stallman)</li>
+ <li><a
href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFDE123AF932A25752C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1";>
+ One Man's Fight for Free Software</a>, an article about Richard
+ Stallman and the early GNU development, published at <cite>The
+ New York Times</cite> on January 11, 1989. One problem with the
+ article is that it uses the propaganda term “intellectual
+ property” as if that referred to something coherent. The
+ term is such a confusion that talking about it <a
+ href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">makes no sense</a>. The article
+ is also somewhat confused in regard to Symbolics. What Stallman
+ did, while still working at MIT, was to write, independently,
+ replacement improvements comparable to the improvements that
+ Symbolics made in its version of the MIT Lisp Machine
+ System.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">15 Years
+ of Free Software</a> (1999)</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><a id="gnulinux"></a>GNU and Linux</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">The relationship between GNU and
+ Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why the ‘Linux
+ system’ should be called GNU/Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU Users Who
+ Have Never Heard of GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">A GNU/Linux FAQ</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><a id="misc"></a>Other GNU-related resources</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list";>GNU/Linux,
+ GNU/Hurd, and free software user groups</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:28 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- See also '(web-trans)Capitalization': -->
+<!--
http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html
-->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.es.html">español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Kannada -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.kn.html">ಕನ್ನಡ</a> [kn]</li>
-->
+<!-- Macedonian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.mk.html">македонски</a> [mk]</li>
-->
+<!-- Norwegian (bokmål) -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.nb.html">norsk (bokmål)</a> [nb]</li> -->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/gnu.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/initial-announcement.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/initial-announcement.ru-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/initial-announcement.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/initial-announcement.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist" -->
+
+<h2>Initial Announcement</h2>
+
+<p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September
+27, 1983.</p>
+
+<p> The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from
+this initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until
+January 1984. Several of the philosophical concepts
+of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> were not
+clarified until a few years later.</p>
+
+<h3>Free Unix!</h3>
+
+<p>Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
+Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and
+give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.
+Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly
+needed.</p>
+
+<p>To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed
+to write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker,
+assembler, and a few other things. After this we will add a text
+formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of
+other things. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that
+normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including
+on-line and hardcopy documentation.</p>
+
+<p>GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to
+Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our
+experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to
+have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system,
+filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and
+eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp
+programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and
+Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will have
+network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol, far superior to
+UUCP. We may also have something compatible with UUCP.</p>
+
+
+<h3>Who Am I?</h3>
+
+<p>I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
+editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked
+extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters,
+the Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating
+system. I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In
+addition I have implemented one crashproof file system and two window
+systems for Lisp machines.</p>
+
+<h3>Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+
+<p>I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good
+conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license
+agreement.</p>
+
+<p>So that I can continue to use computers without violating my
+principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free
+software so that I will be able to get along without any software that
+is not free.</p>
+
+
+<h3>How You Can Contribute</h3>
+
+<p>I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and
+money. I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.</p>
+
+<p>One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine. But
+we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you donate
+machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The machine had
+better be able to operate in a residential area, and not require
+sophisticated cooling or power.</p>
+
+<p>Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate
+of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, such
+part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the
+independently-written parts would not work together. But for the
+particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. Most
+interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each
+contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work
+with the rest of GNU.</p>
+
+<p>If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or
+part time. The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for
+whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I view
+this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to
+working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.</p>
+
+
+<p>For more information, contact me.</p>
+
+<p>Arpanet mail:<br />
+ address@hidden</p>
+
+<p>Usenet:<br />
+ address@hidden<br />
+ address@hidden</p>
+
+<p>US Snail:<br />
+ Richard Stallman<br />
+ 166 Prospect St<br />
+ Cambridge, MA 02139</p>
+
+
+<h4 id="f1">Poor choice of wording around “free”</h4>
+
+<p>The wording here was careless. The intention was that nobody would
+have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system. But the
+words don't make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying
+that copies of GNU should always be distributed at little or no
+charge. That was never the intent.</p>
+
+<h3>Original message</h3>
+
+<p>For completeness, the original email is reproduced here, in its
+original form.</p>
+
+<div dir="ltr">
+<pre><!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate anything except the headers.-->
+From CSvax:pur-ee:address@hidden
+From: address@hidden
+Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft
+Subject: new Unix implementation
+Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST
+Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA
+
+Free Unix!
+
+Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
+Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and
+give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.
+Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly
+needed.
+
+To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to
+write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker,
+assembler, and a few other things. After this we will add a text
+formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of
+other things. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that
+normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including
+on-line and hardcopy documentation.
+
+GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical
+to Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based
+on our experience with other operating systems. In particular,
+we plan to have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof
+file system, filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent
+display support, and eventually a Lisp-based window system through
+which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen.
+Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages.
+We will have network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol,
+far superior to UUCP. We may also have something compatible
+with UUCP.
+
+
+Who Am I?
+
+I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
+editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked
+extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the
+Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system.
+I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In addition I
+have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for
+Lisp machines.
+
+
+Why I Must Write GNU
+
+I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good
+conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license
+agreement.
+
+So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles,
+I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that
+I will be able to get along without any software that is not free.
+
+
+How You Can Contribute
+
+I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money.
+I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.
+
+One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine. But
+we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you donate
+machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The machine had
+better be able to operate in a residential area, and not require
+sophisticated cooling or power.
+
+Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate
+of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, such
+part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the
+independently-written parts would not work together. But for the
+particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. Most
+interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each
+contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work
+with the rest of GNU.
+
+If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or
+part time. The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for
+whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I view
+this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to
+working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.
+
+
+For more information, contact me.
+Arpanet mail:
+ address@hidden
+
+Usenet:
+ address@hidden
+ address@hidden
+
+US Snail:
+ Richard Stallman
+ 166 Prospect St
+ Cambridge, MA 02139
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1983, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.es.html">español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
-->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Swedish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</li> -->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/manifesto.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/manifesto.ru-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/manifesto.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/manifesto.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>The GNU Manifesto - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist" -->
+<h2>The GNU Manifesto</h2>
+
+<p> The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> at the beginning
+of the GNU Project, to ask for participation and support. For the
+first few years, it was updated in minor ways to account for
+developments, but now it seems best to leave it unchanged as most
+people have seen it.</p>
+
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common
+misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes
+added since 1993 help clarify these points.</p>
+
+<p>For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please
+see the information available on our <a href="/home.html">web
+server</a>, in particular our <a href="/software/software.html">list
+of software</a>. For how to contribute, see <a
+href="/help/">http://www.gnu.org/help</a>. </p>
+
+<h3>What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give
+it away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Several
+other volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money,
+programs and equipment are greatly needed.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor
+commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator,
+a linker, and around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is
+nearly completed. A new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled
+itself and may be released this year. An initial kernel exists but
+many more features are needed to emulate Unix. When the kernel and
+compiler are finished, it will be possible to distribute a GNU system
+suitable for program development. We will use TeX as our text
+formatter, but an nroff is being worked on. We will use the free,
+portable X Window System as well. After this we will add a portable
+Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other
+things, plus online documentation. We hope to supply, eventually,
+everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to
+Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our
+experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to
+have longer file names, file version numbers, a crashproof file system,
+file name completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and
+perhaps eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several
+Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C
+and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will
+try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and Internet protocols for
+communication.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with
+virtual memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run
+on. The extra effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left
+to someone who wants to use it on them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the <em>g</em> in the
+word “GNU” when it is the name of this project.</p>
+
+<h3>Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to
+divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share
+with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this
+way. I cannot in good conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a
+software license agreement. For years I worked within the Artificial
+Intelligence Lab to resist such tendencies and other inhospitalities,
+but eventually they had gone too far: I could not remain in an
+institution where such things are done for me against my will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have
+decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I
+will be able to get along without any software that is not free. I
+have resigned from the AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent
+me from giving GNU away.<a href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
+
+<h3>Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Unix is not my ideal system, but it is not too bad. The essential
+features of Unix seem to be good ones, and I think I can fill in what
+Unix lacks without spoiling them. And a system compatible with Unix
+would be convenient for many other people to adopt.</p>
+
+<h3>How GNU Will Be Available</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to
+modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to
+restrict its further redistribution. That is to say,
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+modifications will not be allowed. I want to make sure that all
+versions of GNU remain free.</p>
+
+<h3>Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I have found many other programmers who are excited about GNU and
+want to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Many programmers are unhappy about the commercialization of system
+software. It may enable them to make more money, but it requires them
+to feel in conflict with other programmers in general rather than feel
+as comrades. The fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the
+sharing of programs; marketing arrangements now typically used
+essentially forbid programmers to treat others as friends. The
+purchaser of software must choose between friendship and obeying the
+law. Naturally, many decide that friendship is more important. But
+those who believe in law often do not feel at ease with either choice.
+They become cynical and think that programming is just a way of making
+money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ By working on and using GNU rather than proprietary programs, we can
+be hospitable to everyone and obey the law. In addition, GNU serves as
+an example to inspire and a banner to rally others to join us in
+sharing. This can give us a feeling of harmony which is impossible if
+we use software that is not free. For about half the programmers I
+talk to, this is an important happiness that money cannot replace.</p>
+
+<h3>How You Can Contribute</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+(Nowadays, for software tasks to work on, see the <a
href="http://fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects";>High Priority Projects
list</a> and the <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1";>GNU Help
Wanted list</a>, the general task list for GNU software packages. For other
ways to help, see <a href="http://gnu.org/help/help.html";>the guide to helping
the GNU operating system</a>.)
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and
+money. I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.</p>
+
+<p>
+ One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is that GNU
+will run on them at an early date. The machines should be complete,
+ready to use systems, approved for use in a residential area, and not
+in need of sophisticated cooling or power.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I have found very many programmers eager to contribute part-time
+work for GNU. For most projects, such part-time distributed work would
+be very hard to coordinate; the independently written parts would not
+work together. But for the particular task of replacing Unix, this
+problem is absent. A complete Unix system contains hundreds of utility
+programs, each of which is documented separately. Most interface
+specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each contributor
+can write a compatible replacement for a single Unix utility, and make
+it work properly in place of the original on a Unix system, then these
+utilities will work right when put together. Even allowing for Murphy
+to create a few unexpected problems, assembling these components will
+be a feasible task. (The kernel will require closer communication and
+will be worked on by a small, tight group.)</p>
+
+<p>
+ If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full
+or part time. The salary won't be high by programmers' standards, but
+I'm looking for people for whom building community spirit is as
+important as making money. I view this as a way of enabling dedicated
+people to devote their full energies to working on GNU by sparing them
+the need to make a living in another way.</p>
+
+<h3>Why All Computer Users Will Benefit</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system
+software free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ This means much more than just saving everyone the price of a Unix
+license. It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming
+effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the
+state of the art.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Complete system sources will be available to everyone. As a result,
+a user who needs changes in the system will always be free to make them
+himself, or hire any available programmer or company to make them for
+him. Users will no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company
+which owns the sources and is in sole position to make changes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Schools will be able to provide a much more educational environment
+by encouraging all students to study and improve the system code.
+Harvard's computer lab used to have the policy that no program could be
+installed on the system if its sources were not on public display, and
+upheld it by actually refusing to install certain programs. I was very
+much inspired by this.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Finally, the overhead of considering who owns the system software
+and what one is or is not entitled to do with it will be lifted.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Arrangements to make people pay for using a program, including
+licensing of copies, always incur a tremendous cost to society through
+the cumbersome mechanisms necessary to figure out how much (that is,
+which programs) a person must pay for. And only a police state can
+force everyone to obey them. Consider a space station where air must
+be manufactured at great cost: charging each breather per liter of air
+may be fair, but wearing the metered gas mask all day and all night is
+intolerable even if everyone can afford to pay the air bill. And the
+TV cameras everywhere to see if you ever take the mask off are
+outrageous. It's better to support the air plant with a head tax and
+chuck the masks.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as
+breathing, and as productive. It ought to be as free.</p>
+
+<h3>Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's Goals</h3>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Nobody will use it if it is free, because that means
+they can't rely on any support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“You have to charge for the program to pay for providing
+the support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free
+without service, a company to provide just service to people who have
+obtained GNU free ought to be profitable.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ We must distinguish between support in the form of real programming
+work and mere handholding. The former is something one cannot rely on
+from a software vendor. If your problem is not shared by enough
+people, the vendor will tell you to get lost.</p>
+
+<p>
+ If your business needs to be able to rely on support, the only way
+is to have all the necessary sources and tools. Then you can hire any
+available person to fix your problem; you are not at the mercy of any
+individual. With Unix, the price of sources puts this out of
+consideration for most businesses. With GNU this will be easy. It is
+still possible for there to be no available competent person, but this
+problem cannot be blamed on distribution arrangements. GNU does not
+eliminate all the world's problems, only some of them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Meanwhile, the users who know nothing about computers need
+handholding: doing things for them which they could easily do
+themselves but don't know how.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Such services could be provided by companies that sell just
+handholding and repair service. If it is true that users would rather
+spend money and get a product with service, they will also be willing
+to buy the service having got the product free. The service companies
+will compete in quality and price; users will not be tied to any
+particular one. Meanwhile, those of us who don't need the service
+should be able to use the program without paying for the service.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“You cannot reach many people without advertising, and
+you must charge for the program to support that.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“It's no use advertising a program people can get
+free.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There are various forms of free or very cheap publicity that can be
+used to inform numbers of computer users about something like GNU. But
+it may be true that one can reach more microcomputer users with
+advertising. If this is really so, a business which advertises the
+service of copying and mailing GNU for a fee ought to be successful
+enough to pay for its advertising and more. This way, only the users
+who benefit from the advertising pay for it.</p>
+
+<p>
+ On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and
+such companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not
+really necessary to spread GNU. Why is it that free market advocates
+don't want to let the free market decide this?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“My company needs a proprietary operating system to get
+a competitive edge.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will remove operating system software from the realm of
+competition. You will not be able to get an edge in this area, but
+neither will your competitors be able to get an edge over you. You and
+they will compete in other areas, while benefiting mutually in this
+one. If your business is selling an operating system, you will not
+like GNU, but that's tough on you. If your business is something else,
+GNU can save you from being pushed into the expensive business of
+selling operating systems.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Don't programmers deserve a reward for their
+creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If anything deserves a reward, it is social contribution.
+Creativity can be a social contribution, but only in so far as society
+is free to use the results. If programmers deserve to be rewarded for
+creating innovative programs, by the same token they deserve to be
+punished if they restrict the use of these programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Shouldn't a programmer be able to ask for a reward for
+his creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There is nothing wrong with wanting pay for work, or seeking to
+maximize one's income, as long as one does not use means that are
+destructive. But the means customary in the field of software today
+are based on destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of
+it is destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the
+ways that the program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth
+that humanity derives from the program. When there is a deliberate
+choice to restrict, the harmful consequences are deliberate destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The reason a good citizen does not use such destructive means to
+become wealthier is that, if everyone did so, we would all become
+poorer from the mutual destructiveness. This is Kantian ethics; or,
+the Golden Rule. Since I do not like the consequences that result if
+everyone hoards information, I am required to consider it wrong for one
+to do so. Specifically, the desire to be rewarded for one's creativity
+does not justify depriving the world in general of all or part of that
+creativity.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Won't programmers starve?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ I could answer that nobody is forced to be a programmer. Most of us
+cannot manage to get any money for standing on the street and making
+faces. But we are not, as a result, condemned to spend our lives
+standing on the street making faces, and starving. We do something
+else.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But that is the wrong answer because it accepts the questioner's
+implicit assumption: that without ownership of software, programmers
+cannot possibly be paid a cent. Supposedly it is all or nothing.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The real reason programmers will not starve is that it will still be
+possible for them to get paid for programming; just not paid as much as
+now.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.
+It is the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings in
+the most money. If it
+were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software business would
+move to other bases of organization which are now used less often.
+There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Probably programming will not be as lucrative on the new basis as it
+is now. But that is not an argument against the change. It is not
+considered an injustice that sales clerks make the salaries that they
+now do. If programmers made the same, that would not be an injustice
+either. (In practice they would still make considerably more than
+that.)</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Don't people have a right to control how their
+creativity is used?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+“Control over the use of one's ideas” really constitutes
+control over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make
+their lives more difficult.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People who have studied the issue of intellectual property
+rights<a href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there
+is no intrinsic right to intellectual property. The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were
+created by specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For example, the patent system was established to encourage
+inventors to disclose the details of their inventions. Its purpose was
+to help society rather than to help inventors. At the time, the life
+span of 17 years for a patent was short compared with the rate of
+advance of the state of the art. Since patents are an issue only among
+manufacturers, for whom the cost and effort of a license agreement are
+small compared with setting up production, the patents often do not do
+much harm. They do not obstruct most individuals who use patented
+products.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The idea of copyright did not exist in ancient times, when authors
+frequently copied other authors at length in works of nonfiction. This
+practice was useful, and is the only way many authors' works have
+survived even in part. The copyright system was created expressly for
+the purpose of encouraging authorship. In the domain for which it was
+invented—books, which could be copied economically only on a printing
+press—it did little harm, and did not obstruct most of the individuals
+who read the books.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All intellectual property rights are just licenses granted by society
+because it was thought, rightly or wrongly, that society as a whole
+would benefit by granting them. But in any particular situation, we
+have to ask: are we really better off granting such license? What kind
+of act are we licensing a person to do?</p>
+
+<p>
+ The case of programs today is very different from that of books a
+hundred years ago. The fact that the easiest way to copy a program is
+from one neighbor to another, the fact that a program has both source
+code and object code which are distinct, and the fact that a program is
+used rather than read and enjoyed, combine to create a situation in
+which a person who enforces a copyright is harming society as a whole
+both materially and spiritually; in which a person should not do so
+regardless of whether the law enables him to.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Competition makes things get done
+better.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we
+encourage everyone to run faster. When capitalism really works this
+way, it does a good job; but its defenders are wrong in assuming it
+always works this way. If the runners forget why the reward is offered
+and become intent on winning, no matter how, they may find other
+strategies—such as, attacking other runners. If the runners get into
+a fist fight, they will all finish late.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Proprietary and secret software is the moral equivalent of runners
+in a fist fight. Sad to say, the only referee we've got does not seem
+to object to fights; he just regulates them (“For every ten
+yards you run, you can fire one shot”). He really ought to
+break them up, and penalize runners for even trying to fight.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Won't everyone stop programming without a monetary
+incentive?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ Actually, many people will program with absolutely no monetary
+incentive. Programming has an irresistible fascination for some
+people, usually the people who are best at it. There is no shortage of
+professional musicians who keep at it even though they have no hope of
+making a living that way.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But really this question, though commonly asked, is not appropriate
+to the situation. Pay for programmers will not disappear, only become
+less. So the right question is, will anyone program with a reduced
+monetary incentive? My experience shows that they will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For more than ten years, many of the world's best programmers worked
+at the Artificial Intelligence Lab for far less money than they could
+have had anywhere else. They got many kinds of nonmonetary rewards:
+fame and appreciation, for example. And creativity is also fun, a
+reward in itself.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Then most of them left when offered a chance to do the same
+interesting work for a lot of money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ What the facts show is that people will program for reasons other
+than riches; but if given a chance to make a lot of money as well, they
+will come to expect and demand it. Low-paying organizations do poorly
+in competition with high-paying ones, but they do not have to do badly
+if the high-paying ones are banned.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“We need the programmers desperately. If they demand
+that we stop helping our neighbors, we have to obey.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ You're never so desperate that you have to obey this sort of demand.
+Remember: millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute!</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Programmers need to make a living somehow.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ In the short run, this is true. However, there are plenty of ways
+that programmers could make a living without selling the right to use a
+program. This way is customary now because it brings programmers and
+businessmen the most money, not because it is the only way to make a
+living. It is easy to find other ways if you want to find them. Here
+are a number of examples.</p>
+
+<p>
+ A manufacturer introducing a new computer will pay for the porting of
+operating systems onto the new hardware.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The sale of teaching, handholding and maintenance services could
+also employ programmers.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People with new ideas could distribute programs as
+freeware<a href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied
+users, or selling handholding services. I have met people who are
+already working this way successfully.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Users with related needs can form users' groups, and pay dues. A
+group would contract with programming companies to write programs that
+the group's members would like to use.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All sorts of development can be funded with a Software Tax:</p>
+
+<p>
+ Suppose everyone who buys a computer has to pay x percent of the
+ price as a software tax. The government gives this to an agency
+ like the NSF to spend on software development.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But if the computer buyer makes a donation to software development
+ himself, he can take a credit against the tax. He can donate to
+ the project of his own choosing—often, chosen because he hopes to
+ use the results when it is done. He can take a credit for any
+ amount of donation up to the total tax he had to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The total tax rate could be decided by a vote of the payers of the
+ tax, weighted according to the amount they will be taxed on.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The consequences:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>The computer-using community supports software development.</li>
+<li>This community decides what level of support is needed.</li>
+<li>Users who care which projects their share is spent on can
+ choose this for themselves.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+ In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the
+postscarcity world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to
+make a living. People will be free to devote themselves to activities
+that are fun, such as programming, after spending the necessary ten
+hours a week on required tasks such as legislation, family counseling,
+robot repair and asteroid prospecting. There will be no need to be
+able to make a living from programming.</p>
+
+<p>
+ We have already greatly reduced the amount of work that the whole
+society must do for its actual productivity, but only a little of this
+has translated itself into leisure for workers because much
+nonproductive activity is required to accompany productive activity.
+The main causes of this are bureaucracy and isometric struggles against
+competition. Free software will greatly reduce these drains in the
+area of software production. We must do this, in order for technical
+gains in productivity to translate into less work for us.</p>
+
+
+<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+ revisions over time. And if a new footnote is added, the references
+ to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed. -->
+<ol>
+<li><a name="f1"></a>The wording here was careless. The intention
+was that nobody would have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU
+system. But the words don't make this clear, and people often
+interpret them as saying that copies of GNU should always be
+distributed at little or no charge. That was never the intent; later
+on, the manifesto mentions the possibility of companies providing the
+service of distribution for a profit. Subsequently I have learned to
+distinguish carefully between “free” in the sense of
+freedom and “free” in the sense of price. Free software
+is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change.
+Some users may obtain copies at no charge, while others pay to obtain
+copies—and if the funds help support improving the software, so much
+the better. The important thing is that everyone who has a copy has
+the freedom to cooperate with others in using it.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression “give away” is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price
+from that of freedom. We now recommend avoiding this expression when
+talking about free software. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware">
+<q>Confusing Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f2"></a>This is another place I failed to distinguish
+carefully between the two different meanings of “free”.
+The statement as it stands is not false—you can get copies of GNU
+software at no charge, from your friends or over the net. But it does
+suggest the wrong idea.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f3"></a>Several such companies now exist.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a
+charity rather than a company, the Free Software Foundation for 10 years raised
+most of its funds from its distribution service. You
+can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from the FSF</a>
+to support its work.
+</li>
+
+<li><a name="f5"></a>A group of computer companies pooled funds
+around 1991 to support maintenance of the GNU C Compiler.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary
+software was the most common basis for making money in software.
+It seems that actually the most common business model was and is
+development of custom software. That does not offer the possibility
+of collecting rents, so the business has to keep doing real work
+in order to keep getting income. The custom software business would
+continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in a free software world.
+Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid programmers would earn less
+in a free software world.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing
+it was to speak of “the issue” of “intellectual
+property”. That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the
+fact that it lumps together various disparate laws which raise very
+different issues. Nowadays I urge people to reject the term
+“intellectual property” entirely, lest it lead others to
+suppose that those laws form one coherent issue. The way to be clear
+is to discuss patents, copyrights, and trademarks separately.
+See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further explanation</a> of how
+this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f7"></a>Subsequently we learned to distinguish
+between “free software” and “freeware”. The
+term “freeware” means software you are free to
+redistribute, but usually you are not free to study and change the
+source code, so most of it is not free software. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware">
+<q>Confusing Words and Phrases</q></a> for more explanation.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>
+Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
+of this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and
+permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the
+recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this
+notice.
+<br />
+Modified versions may not be made.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.es.html">español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
-->
+<!-- Croatian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li> -->
+<!-- Macedonian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.mk.html">македонски</a> [mk]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Swedish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</li> -->
+<!-- Tamil -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">தமிழ்</a> [ta]</li>
-->
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.ru-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:29 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Why GNU/Linux? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" -->
+
+<h2>What's in a Name?</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU Project</a>, which gives a
history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates to this issue of naming,
+and our page on <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU
+Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.
+
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of
+what we say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A
+rose by any other name would smell as sweet—but if you call it a pen,
+people will be rather disappointed when they try to write with it.
+And if you call pens “roses”, people may not realize what
+they are good for. If you call our operating system
+Linux, that conveys a mistaken idea of the system's
+origin, history, and purpose. If you call
+it <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, that conveys
+(though not in detail) an accurate idea.</p>
+<p>
+Does this really matter for our community? Is it important whether people
+know the system's origin, history, and purpose? Yes—because people
+who forget history are often condemned to repeat it. The Free World
+that has developed around <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is not guaranteed to survive; the problems that
+led us to develop GNU are not completely eradicated, and they threaten
+to come back.</p>
+
+<p>
+When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system
+GNU/Linux rather than Linux, people
+sometimes respond this way:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>
+ Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is
+ it really worth a fuss when people don't give credit? Isn't the
+ important thing that the job was done, not who did it? You
+ ought to relax, take pride in the job well done, and not worry
+ about the credit.
+</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that—if
+the job were done and it were time to relax. If only that were true!
+But challenges abound, and this is no time to take the future for
+granted. Our community's strength rests on commitment to freedom and
+cooperation. Using the name <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is a way for people to remind
+themselves and inform others of these goals.</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to write good free software without thinking of GNU;
+much good work has been done in the name of Linux also. But the term
+“Linux” has been associated ever since it was first coined
+with a philosophy that does not make a commitment to the freedom to
+cooperate. As the name is increasingly used by business, we will
+have even more trouble making it connect with community spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the
+tendency of the “Linux” distribution companies to add
+nonfree software to <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+in the name of convenience and power. All the major commercial
+distribution developers do this; none limits itself to free software.
+Most of them do not clearly identify the nonfree
+packages in their distributions. Many even develop nonfree software
+and add it to the system. Some outrageously advertise
+“Linux” systems that are “licensed per seat”,
+which give the user as much freedom as Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+People try to justify adding nonfree software in the name of the
+“popularity of Linux”—in effect, valuing popularity above
+freedom. Sometimes this is openly admitted. For instance, Wired
+Magazine said that Robert McMillan, editor of Linux Magazine, “feels
+that the move toward open source software should be fueled by
+technical, rather than political, decisions.” And Caldera's
+<acronym title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</acronym> openly urged
+users to drop the goal of freedom and work instead for the
+“popularity of Linux”.</p>
+<!--Link is dead
+<a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html";>
+(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html.)</a>
+-->
+
+<p>
+Adding nonfree software to the <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> system may increase the
+popularity, if by popularity we mean the number of people using some
+of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in combination with
+nonfree software. But at the same time, it implicitly encourages the
+community to accept nonfree software as a good thing, and forget the
+goal of freedom. It is not good to drive faster if you can't stay on the
+road.</p>
+
+<p>
+When the nonfree “add-on” is a library or programming
+tool, it can become a trap for free software developers. When they
+write free software that depends on the nonfree package, their
+software cannot be part of a completely free system. Motif and Qt
+trapped large amounts of free software in this way in the past,
+creating problems whose solutions took years. Motif remained somewhat
+of a problem until it became obsolete and was no longer used. Later,
+Sun's nonfree Java implementation had a similar effect:
+the <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</a>, fortunately now
+mostly corrected.</p>
+
+<p>
+If our community keeps moving in this direction, it could redirect the
+future of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> into a mosaic of
free and nonfree components.
+Five years from now, we will surely still have plenty of free
+software; but if we are not careful, it will hardly be usable without
+the nonfree software that users expect to find with it. If this
+happens, our campaign for freedom will have failed.</p>
+
+<p>
+If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming,
+solving future problems might become easier as our community's
+development resources increase. But we face obstacles that threaten
+to make this harder: laws that prohibit free software. As software
+patents mount up, and as laws like the
+<acronym title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> are
+used to prohibit the development of free software for important jobs
+such as viewing a DVD or listening to a RealAudio stream, we will find
+ourselves with no clear way to fight the patented and secret data
+formats except to <strong>reject the nonfree programs that use
+them</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Meeting these challenges will require many different kinds of effort.
+But what we need above all, to confront any kind of challenge, is to
+remember the goal of freedom to cooperate. We can't expect a mere
+desire for powerful, reliable software to motivate people to make
+great efforts. We need the kind of determination that people have
+when they fight for their freedom and their community—determination
+to keep on for years and not give up.</p>
+
+<p>
+In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from
+the GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community
+as something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of
+“Linux” normally don't say this. The magazines about
+“Linux” are typically full of ads for nonfree software;
+the companies that package “Linux” add nonfree software
+to the system; other companies “support Linux” by
+developing nonfree applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups
+for “Linux” typically invite salesman to present those
+applications. The main place people in our community are likely to
+come across the idea of freedom and determination is in the GNU
+Project.</p>
+
+<p>
+But when people come across it, will they feel it relates to them?</p>
+
+<p>
+People who know they are using a system that came out of the GNU
+Project can see a direct relationship between themselves and GNU.
+They won't automatically agree with our philosophy, but at least they
+will see a reason to think seriously about it. In contrast, people
+who consider themselves “Linux users”, and believe that
+the GNU Project “developed tools which proved to be useful in
+Linux”, typically perceive only an indirect relationship between
+GNU and themselves. They may just ignore the GNU philosophy when they
+come across it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU Project is idealistic, and anyone encouraging idealism today
+faces a great obstacle: the prevailing ideology encourages people to
+dismiss idealism as “impractical”. Our idealism has been
+extremely practical: it is the reason we have a
+free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> operating system.
+People who love this system ought to know that it is our idealism made
+real.</p>
+
+<p>
+If “the job” really were done, if there were nothing at
+stake except credit, perhaps it would be wiser to let the matter drop.
+But we are not in that position. To inspire people to do the work
+that needs to be done, we need to be recognized for what we have
+already done. Please help us, by calling the operating
+system <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
-->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: help/po/help.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: help/po/help.ru-en.html
diff -N help/po/help.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ help/po/help.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:28:50 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>How you can help the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/help/po/help.translist" -->
+
+<h2>A guide to helping the GNU operating system</h2>
+
+<p>The GNU Volunteer Coordinators <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a> can assist you if you
+wish to help the GNU Project. They will be able to put you in touch with
+other people interested in or working on similar projects. When you have
+selected a task from our task lists, please let them know you're
+interested in working on it.</p>
+
+<p>Please let the GNU Volunteer Coordinators <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a> know if you take on
+any task from this list. We want to keep track of what tasks our
+volunteers are working on.</p>
+
+<p>For general questions about the GNU project, mail <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a> and for questions and
+suggestions about this web site, mail <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="helpgnu">How to help the GNU Project</h3>
+<p>
+This list is ordered roughly with the more urgent items near the top.
+Please note that many things on this list link to larger, expanded lists.
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>Help with <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org";>Savannah</a>. We are
+ especially looking for technical sysadmin volunteers to help with
+ underlying infrastructure support. Volunteers to help with pending
+ project submissions are also very welcome. Please see this <a
+ href="http://savannah.gnu.org/maintenance/HowToBecomeASavannahHacker";>general
+ information on how to become a savannah hacker</a>. Please
+ communicate with us on the <a
+
href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/savannah-hackers-public";>savannah-hackers-public</a>
+ mailing list.</li>
+
+ <li>Organize a new <a
href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list";>GNU/Linux
+ User Group</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Organize a new Free Software Activist Group to promote use
+ of free software in your country, region or city.</li>
+
+ <li>Set an example by switching to a <em>completely</em> <a
+ href="/software/software.html">free software</a> operating system.
+ The easiest way to do that is to install and use one of the <a
+ href="/distros/free-distros.html"> free GNU/Linux
+ distributions</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Write free software:
+ <ul>
+ <li>Contribute to the <a
+ href="http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html";>high priority
+ free software projects</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Write <a
+ href="/server/takeaction.html#python_configure">GNU
+ configure for Python packages</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1";>GNU
+ Help Wanted</a> list is the general task list for GNU software
+ packages. You might also consider taking over one of the <a
+ href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">unmaintained GNU
+ packages</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>When writing software for GNU, please follow the <a
+ href="/prep/standards/">GNU Coding Standards</a> and <a
+ href="/prep/maintain/">Information for Maintainers of GNU
+ Software</a> documents.</li>
+
+ <li>To offer software you have written to GNU, please see this
+ <a href="/help/evaluation.html">GNU software evaluation</a>
+ information.</li>
+
+ <li>We are sometimes offered software which already does
+ substantially the same task as an existing GNU package.
+ Although of course we appreciate all offers, we'd naturally like
+ to encourage programmers to spend their time writing free
+ software to do new jobs, not already-solved ones. So, before
+ starting a new program, please check the <a
+ href="http://directory.fsf.org/";>Free Software Directory</a> for
+ free software that does the job already.</li>
+
+ <li>We can offer <a href="/software/devel.html">some
+ resources</a> to help GNU software developers.
+ </li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li id="documentation">Write documentation for GNU software,
+ using these <a href="/doc/potentialauthors.html">resources, tips,
+ and hints</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Volunteer as a “Freedom Verifier” to check
+ whether a given distribution contains only
+ free software, so it can be included on the
+ <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">list
+ of free distributions</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Volunteer as a GNU Webmaster by completing the
+<a href="http://www.gnu.org/server/standards/webmaster-quiz.html";>
+webmaster quiz</a>.</li>
+
+ <li id="helptranslations">Translate the GNU Web site into other
+ languages. More information about the issue can be found at the
+ <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guide to
+ Translating the www.gnu.org Web Pages</a>. Write to <a
+ href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a> if
+ you want to help.</li>
+
+ <li>Tell others about the GNU Project and the Free Software
+ Foundation by:
+ <ul>
+ <li>informing your friends about the GNU <a
+ href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">philosophy</a> and <a
+ href="/software/software.html">software</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>informing your friends that the “Linux”
+ operating system is really <a
+ href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>: that is, the GNU
+ system, plus Linux, the kernel. Simply making a consistent and
+ unfailing distinction between GNU/Linux (the whole system) and
+ Linux (the kernel) when you write or speak about the system will
+ <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">help us greatly</a>, while
+ taking very little time once you have unlearned the old habit.</li>
+
+ <li>by both <a href="/help/linking-gnu.html">adding a link to
+ GNU's home page</a> to your home pages, and suggesting that
+ others do likewise.</li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>When you are talking with people that don't value freedom and
+ community, you can show them the many practical advantages of free
+ software (see <a href="http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html";>Why
+ Open Source / Free Software? Look at the Numbers!</a> for some
+ useful evidence). But keep mentioning the ethical issues too!
+ Don't change your voice into an open-source voice just to cater to
+ others.</li>
+
+ <li>Help the FSF raise funds by:
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ making a donation, either <a href="http://donate.fsf.org/";>directly
to the FSF</a>
+or <a href="http://flattr.com/thing/313733/gnuproject-on-Flattr";>via
Flattr</a>.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ becoming an <a href="http://member.fsf.org/";>Associate Member</a>
+ of the FSF.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ choosing the FSF as a beneficiary in
+ your <a href="http://www.affero.com/ca/fsf";>Affero
+ page</a>, linking to your FSF Affero page in your email
+ signature, software project, and writings.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="http://order.fsf.org/";>ordering</a> manuals,
+ t-shirts, stickers and gear from the FSF.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ convincing your office to <a href="http://order.fsf.org/";>order</a>
+ manuals and t-shirts from the FSF.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">selling free
+ software</a> and donating a part of the proceeds to
+ the <a href="/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
+ Foundation</a> or some other free software development
+ project. By funding development, you can advance the
+ world of free software.
+ <p>
+ <strong>Distributing free software is an opportunity to raise
+ funds for development. Don't waste it!</strong>
+ </p></li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+ Volunteer to make sure that essays from our
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+ <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Donate <a href="/help/help-hardware.html">hardware</a> to the
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+
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+
+ <li id="ServiceDirectory">If you or your company work
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
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+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:28:50 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
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Index: philosophy/po/bsd.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/bsd.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/bsd.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/bsd.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:26 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>BSD License Problem - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/bsd.translist" -->
+<h2>The BSD License Problem</h2>
+
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p>
+ The two major categories of free software license are <a
+ href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> and <a
+ href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">
+ non-copyleft </a>. <a
+ href="/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">Copyleft
+ licenses</a> such as the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU
+ GPL</a> insist that modified versions of the program must be
+ free software as well. Non-copyleft licenses do not insist on this.
+ <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">We recommend copyleft</a>,
+ because it protects freedom for all users, but non-copylefted
+ software can still be free software, and useful to the free software
+ community.
+</p>
+
+<p>There are many variants of simple <a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">non-copyleft
+free software licenses</a>, such as the Expat license, FreeBSD license,
+X10 license, the X11 license, and the two BSD (Berkeley Software
+Distribution) licenses. Most of them are equivalent except for details
+of wording, but the license used for BSD until 1999 had a special
+problem: the “obnoxious BSD advertising clause”. It said that every
+advertisement mentioning the software must include a particular
+sentence:</p>
+
+<pre>
+3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ must display the following acknowledgement:
+ This product includes software developed by the University of
+ California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+ Initially the obnoxious BSD advertising clause was used only in the
+ Berkeley Software Distribution. That did not cause any particular
+ problem, because including one sentence in an ad is not a great
+ practical difficulty.
+</p>
+<p>
+ If other developers who used BSD-like licenses had copied the BSD
+ advertising clause verbatim—including the sentence that refers to
+ the University of California—then they would not have made the
+ problem any bigger.
+</p>
+<p>
+ But, as you might expect, other developers did not copy the clause
+ verbatim. They changed it, replacing “University of
California”
+ with their own institution or their own names. The result is a
+ plethora of licenses, requiring a plethora of different sentences.
+</p>
+<p>
+ When people put many such programs together in an operating system,
+ the result is a serious problem. Imagine if a software system
+ required 75 different sentences, each one naming a different author
+ or group of authors. To advertise that, you would need a full-page
+ ad.
+</p>
+<p>
+ This might seem like extrapolation ad absurdum, but it is actual
+ fact. In a 1997
+ version of NetBSD, I counted 75 of these sentences. (Fortunately
+ NetBSD has decided to stop adding them, and to remove those it could.)
+</p>
+<p>
+ To address this problem, in my “spare time” I talk with
+ developers who have used BSD-style licenses, asking them if they would
+ please remove the advertising clause. Around 1996 I spoke with the
+ developers of FreeBSD about this, and they decided to remove the
+ advertising clause from all of their own code. In May 1998 the developers
+ of Flick, at the University of Utah, removed this clause.
+</p>
+<p>
+ Dean Hal Varian at the University of California took up the cause,
+ and championed it with the administration. In June 1999, after two
+ years of discussions, the University of California removed this
+ clause from the license of BSD.
+</p>
+<p>
+ Thus, there is now a new BSD license which does not contain the
+ advertising clause. Unfortunately, this does not eliminate the
+ legacy of the advertising clause: similar clauses are still present
+ in the licenses of many packages which are not part of BSD. The
+ change in license for BSD has no effect on the other packages which
+ imitated the old BSD license; only the developers who made them can
+ change them.
+</p>
+<p>
+ But if they followed Berkeley's lead before, maybe Berkeley's
+ change in policy will convince some of them to change. It's worth
+ asking.
+</p>
+<p>
+ So if you have a favorite package which still uses the BSD license
+ with the advertising clause, please ask the maintainer to look at
+ this web page, and consider making the change.
+</p>
+<p>
+ And if you want to release a program as non-copylefted free
+ software, please don't use the advertising clause. Thus, instead of
+ copying the BSD license from some released package—which might
+ still have the old version of the license in it—please use one
+ of the other permissive licenses, such as Expat or FreeBSD.
+</p>
+<p>
+ You can also help spread awareness of the issue by not using the
+ term “BSD-style”, and not saying “the BSD license”
+ which implies there is only one. You see, when people refer to all
+ non-copyleft free software licenses as “BSD-style licenses”,
+ some new free software developer who wants to use a non-copyleft free
+ software license might take for granted that the place to get it is from
+ BSD. He or she might copy the license with the advertising clause, not by
+ specific intention, just by chance.
+</p>
+<p>
+ If you would like to cite one specific example of a non-copyleft
+ license, and you have no particular preference, please pick an
+ example which has no particular problem. For instance, if you talk
+ about “X11-style licenses”, you will encourage people to copy
the
+ license from X11, which avoids the advertising clause for certain,
+ rather than take a risk by randomly choosing one of the two BSD
+ licenses.
+</p>
+<p>
+ When you want to refer specifically to one of the BSD licenses,
+ please always state which one: the “original BSD license” or
the
+ “revised BSD license”.
+</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:26 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/bsd.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
-->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
-->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/bsd.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li> -->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/bsd.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/compromise.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/compromise.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/compromise.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/compromise.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:26 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/compromise.translist" -->
+
+<div style="float: right; font-size: 90%; width: 30em; margin: 1em;
+background-color: #ececec; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em;
+margin-top: 4em;"><p><em>“Twenty-five years
+ago <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">on September 27, 1983, I
+announced a plan</a> to create a completely free operating system
+called GNU—for ‘GNU's Not Unix’. As part of the
+25th anniversary of the GNU system, I have written this article on how
+our community can avoid ruinous compromises. In addition to avoiding
+such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href="/help/">help
+GNU</a> and free software. One basic way is
+to <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052";>
+join the Free Software Foundation</a> as an Associate
+Member.”</em>—<b>Richard Stallman</b></p></div>
+
+<h2>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>The free software movement aims for a social
+change: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">to make all software
+free</a> so that all software users are free and can be part of a
+community of cooperation. Every nonfree program gives its developer
+unjust power over the users. Our goal is to put an end to that
+injustice.</p>
+
+<p>The road to freedom
+is <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2008/spring/the-last-mile-is-always-the-hardest/";>
+a long road</a>. It will take many steps and many years to reach a
+world in which it is normal for software users to have freedom. Some
+of these steps are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become easier
+if we make compromises with people that have different goals.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software
+Foundation</a> makes compromises—even major ones. For
+instance, we made compromises in the patent provisions of version 3 of
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) so
+that major companies would contribute to and distribute GPLv3-covered
+software and thus bring some patents under the effect of these
+provisions. </p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gplv3-large.png" alt="" style="float: left;" />
+
+<p><a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">The Lesser GPL</a>'s purpose is a
+compromise: we use it on certain chosen free libraries to permit their
+use in nonfree programs because we think that legally prohibiting
+this would only drive developers to proprietary libraries instead. We
+accept and install code in GNU programs to make them work together
+with common nonfree programs, and we document and publicize this in
+ways that encourage users of the latter to install the former, but not
+vice versa. We support specific campaigns we agree with, even when we
+don't fully agree with the groups behind them.</p>
+
+<p>But we reject certain compromises even though many others in our
+community are willing to make them. For instance,
+we <a href="/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
+endorse only the GNU/Linux distributions</a> that have policies not to
+include nonfree software or lead users to install it. To endorse
+nonfree distributions would be a <acronym title="ruinous
+(rū'ə-nəs) adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause ruin;
+destructive. 2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or
+decayed.">ruinous</acronym> compromise.</p>
+
+<p>Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the
+long term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of
+actions.</p>
+
+<p>At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce
+the premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software
+users are free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize
+freedom as an issue. They have taken up “consumer”
+values, which means they judge any program only on practical characteristics
+such as price and convenience.</p>
+
+<p>Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win Friends and
+Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to
+persuade someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal
+to his values. There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values
+typical in our society. For instance, free software obtained gratis
+can save the user money. Many free programs are convenient and
+reliable, too. Citing those practical benefits has succeeded in
+persuading many users to adopt various free programs, some of which
+are now quite successful.</p>
+
+<p>If getting more people to use some free programs is as far as you
+aim to go, you might decide to keep quiet about the concept of
+freedom, and focus only on the practical advantages that make sense
+in terms of consumer values. That's what the term “open
+source” and its associated rhetoric do.</p>
+
+<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People
+who use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it
+only as long as it is convenient. And they will see no reason not to
+use convenient proprietary programs along with it.</p>
+
+<p>The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer
+values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That's why we
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">do not support
+open source.</a></p>
+
+<img src="/graphics/gnulaptop.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
+
+<p>To establish a free community fully and lastingly, we need to do
+more than get people to use some free software. We need to spread the
+idea of judging software (and other things) on “citizen
+values”, based on whether it respects users' freedom and
+community, not just in terms of convenience. Then people will not
+fall into the trap of a proprietary program baited by an attractive,
+convenient feature.</p>
+
+<p>To promote citizen values, we have to talk about them and show how
+they are the basis of our actions. We must reject the Dale Carnegie
+compromise that would influence their actions by endorsing their
+consumer values.</p>
+
+<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we can
+and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals
+the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore,
+when we cite the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate
+frequently that those are just <em>additional, secondary</em> reasons
+to prefer it.</p>
+
+<p>It's not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our
+actions have to accord with them too. So we must also avoid
+compromises that involve doing or legitimizing the things we aim to
+stamp out.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, experience shows that you can attract some users to
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">GNU/Linux</a> if you include some
+nonfree programs. This could mean a cute nonfree application that
+will catch some user's eye, or a nonfree programming platform such
+as <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java</a> (formerly) or the
+Flash runtime (still), or a nonfree device driver that enables
+support for certain hardware models.</p>
+
+<p>These compromises are tempting, but they undermine the goal. If
+you distribute nonfree software, or steer people towards it, you will
+find it hard to say, “Nonfree software is an injustice, a
+social problem, and we must put an end to it.” And even if you
+do continue to say those words, your actions will undermine them.</p>
+
+<p>The issue here is not whether people should be <em>able</em>
+or <em>allowed</em> to install nonfree software; a general-purpose
+system enables and allows users to do whatever they wish. The issue
+is whether we guide users towards nonfree software. What they do on
+their own is their responsibility; what we do for them, and what we
+direct them towards, is ours. We must not direct the
+users towards proprietary software as if it were a solution, because
+proprietary software is the problem.</p>
+
+<p>A ruinous compromise is not just a bad influence on others. It can
+distort your own values, too, through cognitive dissonance. If you
+have certain values, but your actions imply other, conflicting values,
+you are likely to change your values or your actions so as to resolve the
+contradiction. Thus, projects that argue only from practical
+advantages, or direct people toward some nonfree software, nearly
+always shy away from even <em>suggesting</em> that nonfree software
+is unethical. For their participants, as well as for the public, they
+reinforce consumer values. We must reject these compromises if we wish
+to keep our values straight.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal
+of freedom, look at <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources";>the FSF's
+resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that
+work with free software, <a href="/distros"> totally free GNU/Linux
+distros</a> to install, and thousands of free software packages that
+work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help the
+community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to
+publicly uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is
+good or bad, or what to do, cite the values of freedom and community
+and argue from them.</p>
+
+<p>A road that lets you go faster is no improvement if it leads to the
+wrong place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal,
+but beware of compromises that lead away from the goal.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+For a similar point in a different area of life,
+see <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/19/nudge-is-not-enough-behaviour-change";>"'Nudge'
+is not enough"</a>.
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008, 2009 <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Richard Stallman is the founder of the Free Software Foundation.
+You can copy and redistribute this article under the <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution Noderivs 3.0 license</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#";>
+<Work rdf:about="">
+<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/"; />
+</Work>
+
+<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/";>
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"; />
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"; />
+
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"; />
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"; />
+</License>
+
+</rdf:RDF>
+
+-->
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:26 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
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+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/compromise.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
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+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- <li><a
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-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:27 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Enforcing the GNU GPL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, violation, general, public, license, gpl, general public license,
enforcing, freedom, software, Eben, Moglen, Eben Moglen" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In his essay, Enforcing the GNU GPL,
Eben Moglen, legal counsel to the FSF, talks about how enforcement of the GNU
General Public License is typically carried out." />
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist" -->
+<h2>Enforcing the GNU GPL</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://moglen.law.columbia.edu/";><strong>Eben
Moglen</strong></a></p>
+<p><em>10 September 2001</em></p>
+
+<p>Microsoft's anti-GPL offensive this summer has sparked renewed
+speculation about whether the GPL is “enforceable.” This
+particular example of “FUD” (fear, uncertainty and doubt)
+is always a little amusing to me. I'm the only lawyer on earth who
+can say this, I suppose, but it makes me wonder what everyone's
+wondering about: Enforcing the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GPL</a> is
+something that I do all the time.</p>
+
+<p>Because <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> is an
+unorthodox concept in contemporary society, people tend to assume that
+such an atypical goal must be pursued using unusually ingenious, and
+therefore fragile, legal machinery. But the assumption is faulty. The
+goal of the Free Software Foundation in designing and publishing the GPL,
+<em>is</em> unfortunately unusual: we're reshaping how programs are made in
+order to give everyone the right to understand, repair, improve, and
+redistribute the best-quality software on earth. This is a transformative
+enterprise; it shows how in the new, networked society traditional ways of
+doing business can be displaced by completely different models of
+production and distribution. But the GPL, the legal device that makes
+everything else possible, is a very robust machine precisely because it is
+made of the simplest working parts.</p>
+
+<p>The essence of copyright law, like other systems of property rules, is the
+power to exclude. The copyright holder is legally empowered to exclude
+all others from copying, distributing, and making derivative works.</p>
+
+<p>This right to exclude implies an equally large power to
+license—that is, to grant permission to do what would otherwise
+be forbidden. Licenses are not contracts: the work's user is obliged
+to remain within the bounds of the license not because she voluntarily
+promised, but because she doesn't have any right to act at all except
+as the license permits.</p>
+
+<p>But most proprietary software companies want more power than copyright
+alone gives them. These companies say their software is
+“licensed” to consumers, but the license contains
+obligations that copyright law knows nothing about. Software you're
+not allowed to understand, for example, often requires you to agree
+not to decompile it. Copyright law doesn't prohibit decompilation,
+the prohibition is just a contract term you agree to as a condition of
+getting the software when you buy the product under shrink wrap in a
+store, or accept a “clickwrap license” on line. Copyright
+is just leverage for taking even more away from users.</p>
+
+<p>The GPL, on the other hand, subtracts from copyright rather than adding to
+it. The license doesn't have to be complicated, because we try to control
+users as little as possible. Copyright grants publishers power to forbid
+users to exercise rights to copy, modify, and distribute that we believe
+all users should have; the GPL thus relaxes almost all the restrictions of
+the copyright system. The only thing we absolutely require is that anyone
+distributing GPL'd works or works made from GPL'd works distribute in turn
+under GPL. That condition is a very minor restriction, from the copyright
+point of view. Much more restrictive licenses are routinely held
+enforceable: every license involved in every single copyright lawsuit is
+more restrictive than the GPL.</p>
+
+<p>Because there's nothing complex or controversial about the license's
+substantive provisions, I have never even seen a serious argument that the
+GPL exceeds a licensor's powers. But it is sometimes said that the GPL
+can't be enforced because users haven't “accepted” it.</p>
+
+<p>This claim is based on a misunderstanding. The license does not require
+anyone to accept it in order to acquire, install, use, inspect, or even
+experimentally modify GPL'd software. All of those activities are either
+forbidden or controlled by proprietary software firms, so they require you
+to accept a license, including contractual provisions outside the reach of
+copyright, before you can use their works. The free software movement
+thinks all those activities are rights, which all users ought to have; we
+don't even <em>want</em> to cover those activities by license. Almost
+everyone who uses GPL'd software from day to day needs no license, and
+accepts none. The GPL only obliges you if you distribute software made
+from GPL'd code, and only needs to be accepted when redistribution occurs.
+And because no one can ever redistribute without a license, we can safely
+presume that anyone redistributing GPL'd software intended to accept the
+GPL. After all, the GPL requires each copy of covered software to include
+the license text, so everyone is fully informed.</p>
+
+<p>Despite the FUD, as a copyright license the GPL is absolutely solid.
+That's why I've been able to enforce it dozens of times over nearly ten
+years, without ever going to court.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, much murmuring has been going on in recent months to the
+supposed effect that the absence of judicial enforcement, in US or other
+courts, somehow demonstrates that there is something wrong with the GPL,
+that its unusual policy goal is implemented in a technically indefensible
+way, or that the Free Software Foundation, which authors the license, is
+afraid of testing it in court. Precisely the reverse is true. We do not
+find ourselves taking the GPL to court because no one has yet been willing
+to risk contesting it with us there.</p>
+
+<p>So what happens when the GPL is violated? With software for which the
+Free Software Foundation holds the copyright (either because we wrote
+the programs in the first place, or because free software authors have
+assigned us the copyright, in order to take advantage of our expertise
+in protecting their software's
+freedom), <a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html">the first step is a
+report</a>, usually received by email
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+<a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html">We ask the reporters of
+violations to help us establish necessary facts</a>, and then we
+conduct whatever further investigation is required.</p>
+
+<p>We reach this stage dozens of times a year. A quiet initial contact is
+usually sufficient to resolve the problem. Parties thought they were
+complying with GPL, and are pleased to follow advice on the correction of
+an error. Sometimes, however, we believe that confidence-building
+measures will be required, because the scale of the violation or its
+persistence in time makes mere voluntary compliance insufficient. In such
+situations we work with organizations to establish GPL-compliance programs
+within their enterprises, led by senior managers who report to us, and
+directly to their enterprises' managing boards, regularly. In
+particularly complex cases, we have sometimes insisted upon measures that
+would make subsequent judicial enforcement simple and rapid in the event
+of future violation.</p>
+
+<p>In approximately a decade of enforcing the GPL, I have never insisted on
+payment of damages to the Foundation for violation of the license, and I
+have rarely required public admission of wrongdoing. Our position has
+always been that compliance with the license, and security for future good
+behavior, are the most important goals. We have done everything to make
+it easy for violators to comply, and we have offered oblivion with respect
+to past faults.</p>
+
+<p>In the early years of the free software movement, this was probably the
+only strategy available. Expensive and burdensome litigation might have
+destroyed the FSF, or at least prevented it from doing what we knew was
+necessary to make the free software movement the permanent force in
+reshaping the software industry that it has now become. Over time,
+however, we persisted in our approach to license enforcement not because
+we had to, but because it worked. An entire industry grew up around free
+software, all of whose participants understood the overwhelming importance
+of the GPL—no one wanted to be seen as the villain who stole free
+software, and no one wanted to be the customer, business partner, or even
+employee of such a bad actor. Faced with a choice between compliance
+without publicity or a campaign of bad publicity and a litigation battle
+they could not win, violators chose not to play it the hard way.</p>
+
+<p>We have even, once or twice, faced enterprises which, under US
+copyright law, were engaged in deliberate, criminal copyright
+infringement: taking the source code of GPL'd software, recompiling it
+with an attempt to conceal its origin, and offering it for sale as a
+proprietary product. I have assisted free software developers other
+than the FSF to deal with such problems, which we have
+resolved—since the criminal infringer would not voluntarily
+desist and, in the cases I have in mind, legal technicalities
+prevented actual criminal prosecution of the violators—by
+talking to redistributors and potential customers. “Why would
+you want to pay serious money,” we have asked, “for
+software that infringes our license and will bog you down in complex
+legal problems, when you can have the real thing for free?”
+Customers have never failed to see the pertinence of the question.
+The stealing of free software is one place where, indeed, crime
+doesn't pay.</p>
+
+<p>But perhaps we have succeeded too well. If I had used the courts to
+enforce the GPL years ago, Microsoft's whispering would now be falling
+on deaf ears. Just this month I have been working on a couple of
+moderately sticky situations. “Look,” I say, “at
+how many people all over the world are pressuring me to enforce the
+GPL in court, just to prove I can. I really need to make an example
+of someone. Would you like to volunteer?”</p>
+
+<p>Someday someone will. But that someone's customers are going to go
+elsewhere, talented technologists who don't want their own reputations
+associated with such an enterprise will quit, and bad publicity will
+smother them. And that's all before we even walk into court. The first
+person who tries it will certainly wish he hadn't. Our way of doing law
+has been as unusual as our way of doing software, but that's just the
+point. Free software matters because it turns out that the different way
+is the right way after all.</p>
+
+<p><cite>
+Eben Moglen is professor of law and legal history at Columbia University
+Law School. He serves without fee as General Counsel of the Free Software
+Foundation.
+</cite></p>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2001 Eben Moglen</p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in
+any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:27 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Hungarian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.hu.html">magyar</a> [hu]</li>
-->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.id.html">Bahasa
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+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Korean -->
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-->
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+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pt-br.html">português do
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+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:27
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Why “Free Software” is better than “Open
+Source” - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist" -->
+<h2>Why “Free Software” is better than “Open
Source”</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote><p><a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">“Open
+Source” misses the point of Free Software</a> is an updated
+version of this article.</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+While free software by any other name would give you the same
+freedom, it makes a big difference which name we use: different words
+<em>convey different ideas</em>.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using
+the term <a href="http://www.opensource.org/";>“open source
+software”</a> instead of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free
+software”</a> to describe what they do. The term “open
source”
+quickly became associated with a different approach, a different
+philosophy, different values, and even a different criterion for which
+licenses are acceptable. The Free Software movement and the Open
+Source movement are today <a href="#relationship"> separate
+movements</a> with different views and goals, although we can and do
+work together on some practical projects.</p>
+
+<p>
+The fundamental difference between the two movements is in their
+values, their ways of looking at the world. For the Open Source
+movement, the issue of whether software should be open source is a
+practical question, not an ethical one. As one person put it, “Open
+source is a development methodology; free software is a social
+movement.” For the Open Source movement, non-free software is a
+suboptimal solution. For the Free Software movement, non-free
+software is a social problem and free software is the solution.</p>
+
+<h3 id="relationship">Relationship between the Free Software
+movement and Open Source movement</h3>
+
+<p>
+The Free Software movement and the Open Source movement are like two
+political camps within the free software community.</p>
+
+<p>
+Radical groups in the 1960s developed a reputation for factionalism:
+organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy,
+and then treated each other as enemies. Or at least, such is the
+image people have of them, whether or not it was true.</p>
+
+<p>
+The relationship between the Free Software movement and the Open
+Source movement is just the opposite of that picture. We disagree on
+the basic principles, but agree more or less on the practical
+recommendations. So we can and do work together on many specific
+projects. We don't think of the Open Source movement as an enemy.
+The enemy is
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware"> proprietary
+software</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+We are not against the Open Source movement, but we don't want to be
+lumped in with them. We acknowledge that they have contributed to our
+community, but we created this community, and we want people to know
+this. We want people to associate our achievements with our values
+and our philosophy, not with theirs. We want to be heard, not
+obscured behind a group with different views. To prevent people from
+thinking we are part of them, we take pains to avoid using the word
+“open” to describe free software, or its contrary,
+“closed”, in talking about non-free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+So please mention the Free Software movement when you talk about the
+work we have done, and the software we have developed—such as the
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> operating system.</p>
+
+<h3 id="comparison">Comparing the two terms</h3>
+
+<p>
+This rest of this article compares the two terms “free software”
and
+“open source”. It shows why the term “open source”
does not solve
+any problems, and in fact creates some.</p>
+
+<h3 id="ambiguity">Ambiguity</h3>
+
+<p>
+The term “free software” has an ambiguity problem: an unintended
+meaning, “Software you can get for zero price,” fits the term just
+as well as the intended meaning, “software which gives the user
+certain freedoms.” We address this problem by publishing a
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"> more precise definition of free
+software</a>, but this is not a perfect solution; it cannot completely
+eliminate the problem. An unambiguously correct term would be better,
+if it didn't have other problems.</p>
+
+<p>
+Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their
+own. We've looked at many alternatives that people have suggested,
+but none is so clearly “right” that switching to it would be a good
+idea. Every proposed replacement for “free software” has a similar
+kind of semantic problem, or worse—and this includes “open source
+software.”</p>
+
+<p>
+The official definition of “open source software,” as published
+by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition
+of free software; however, it is a little looser in some respects,
+and they have accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably
+restrictive of the users.
+
+However,
+the obvious meaning for the expression “open source software”
+is “You can look at
+the source code.” This is a much weaker criterion than free
+software; it includes free software, but also
+some <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">
+proprietary</a> programs, including Xv, and Qt under its original license
+(before the QPL).</p>
+
+<p>
+That obvious meaning for “open source” is not the meaning that its
+advocates intend. The result is that most people misunderstand
+what those advocates are advocating. Here is how writer Neal
+Stephenson defined “open source”:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Linux is “open source” software
+meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its source code files.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or dispute the
+“official” definition. I think he simply applied the conventions
of
+the English language to come up with a meaning for the term. The state
+of Kansas published a similar definition:
+<!-- The <a href="http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf";> state of
+Kansas</a> published a similar definition: --></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Make use of open-source software (OSS). OSS is software for which the
+source code is freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing
+agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that code.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Of course, the open source people have tried to deal with this by
+publishing a precise definition for the term, just as we have done for
+“free software.”</p>
+
+<p>
+But the explanation for “free software” is simple—a
+person who has grasped the idea of “free speech, not free
+beer” will not get it wrong again. There is no such succinct
+way to explain the official meaning of “open source” and
+show clearly why the natural definition is the wrong one.</p>
+
+<h3 id="fear">Fear of Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>
+The main argument for the term “open source software” is
+that “free software” makes some people uneasy. That's
+true: talking about freedom, about ethical issues, about
+responsibilities as well as convenience, is asking people to think
+about things they might rather ignore. This can trigger discomfort,
+and some people may reject the idea for that. It does not follow that
+society would be better off if we stop talking about these things.</p>
+
+<p>
+Years ago, free software developers noticed this discomfort reaction,
+and some started exploring an approach for avoiding it. They figured
+that by keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only about
+the immediate practical benefits of certain free software, they might
+be able to “sell” the software more effectively to certain
+users, especially business. The term “open source” is
+offered as a way of doing more of this—a way to be “more
+acceptable to business.” The views and values of the Open Source
+movement stem from this decision.</p>
+
+<p>
+This approach has proved effective, in its own terms. Today many
+people are switching to free software for purely practical reasons.
+That is good, as far as it goes, but that isn't all we need to do!
+Attracting users to free software is not the whole job, just the first
+step.</p>
+
+<p>
+Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to
+proprietary software for some practical advantage. Countless
+companies seek to offer such temptation, and why would users decline?
+Only if they have learned to <em>value the freedom</em> free software
+gives them, for its own sake. It is up to us to spread this
+idea—and in order to do that, we have to talk about freedom. A
+certain amount of the “keep quiet” approach to business
+can be useful for the community, but we must have plenty of freedom
+talk too.</p>
+
+<p>
+At present, we have plenty of “keep quiet”, but not enough
+freedom talk. Most people involved with free software say little
+about freedom—usually because they seek to be “more
+acceptable to business.” Software distributors especially show
+this pattern. Some
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> operating system
+distributions add proprietary packages to the basic free system, and
+they invite users to consider this an advantage, rather than a step
+backwards from freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+We are failing to keep up with the influx of free software users,
+failing to teach people about freedom and our community as fast as
+they enter it. This is why non-free software (which Qt was when it
+first became popular), and partially non-free operating system
+distributions, find such fertile ground. To stop using the word
+“free” now would be a mistake; we need more, not less, talk about
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+If those using the term “open source” draw more users into our
+community, that is a contribution, but the rest of us will have to
+work even harder to bring the issue of freedom to those users'
+attention. We have to say, “It's free software and it gives you
+freedom!”—more and louder than ever before.</p>
+
+<h3 id="newinfeb">Would a Trademark Help?</h3>
+
+<p>
+The advocates of “open source software” tried to make it a
+trademark, saying this would enable them to prevent misuse. This
+initiative was later dropped, the term being too descriptive to
+qualify as a trademark; thus, the legal status of “open source” is
+the same as that of “free software”: there is no <em>legal</em>
+constraint on using it. I have heard reports of a number of
+companies' calling software packages “open source” even though they
+did not fit the official definition; I have observed some instances
+myself.</p>
+
+<p>
+But would it have made a big difference to use a term that is a
+trademark? Not necessarily.</p>
+
+<p>
+Companies also made announcements that give the impression that a
+program is “open source software” without explicitly saying so.
For
+example, one IBM announcement, about a program that did not fit the
+official definition, said this:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+As is common in the open source community, users of the ...
+technology will also be able to collaborate with IBM ...
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+This did not actually say that the program <em>was</em> “open
+source”, but many readers did not notice that detail. (I should note
+that IBM was sincerely trying to make this program free software, and
+later adopted a new license which does make it free software and
+“open source”; but when that announcement was made, the program did
+not qualify as either one.)</p>
+
+<p>
+And here is how Cygnus Solutions, which was formed to be a free
+software company and subsequently branched out (so to speak) into
+proprietary software, advertised some proprietary software products:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Cygnus Solutions is a leader in the open source market and has just
+launched two products into the [GNU/]Linux marketplace.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Unlike IBM, Cygnus was not trying to make these packages free
+software, and the packages did not come close to qualifying. But
+Cygnus didn't actually say that these are “open source software”,
+they just made use of the term to give careless readers that
+impression.</p>
+
+<p>
+These observations suggest that a trademark would not have truly
+prevented the confusion that comes with the term “open source”.</p>
+
+<h3 id="newinnovember">Misunderstandings(?) of “Open Source”</h3>
+
+<p>
+The Open Source Definition is clear enough, and it is quite clear that
+the typical non-free program does not qualify. So you would think
+that “Open Source company” would mean one whose products are free
+software (or close to it), right? Alas, many companies are trying to
+give it a different meaning.</p>
+
+<p>
+At the “Open Source Developers Day” meeting in August 1998, several
+of the commercial developers invited said they intend to make only a
+part of their work free software (or “open source”). The focus of
+their business is on developing proprietary add-ons (software or
+<a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">manuals</a>) to sell to the users of
+this free software. They ask us to regard this as legitimate, as part
+of our community, because some of the money is donated to free
+software development.</p>
+
+<p>
+In effect, these companies seek to gain the favorable cachet of
+“open source” for their proprietary software
+products—even though those are not “open source
+software”—because they have some relationship to free
+software or because the same company also maintains some free
+software. (One company founder said quite explicitly that they would
+put, into the free package they support, as little of their work as
+the community would stand for.)</p>
+
+<p>
+Over the years, many companies have contributed to free software
+development. Some of these companies primarily developed non-free
+software, but the two activities were separate; thus, we could ignore
+their non-free products, and work with them on free software projects.
+Then we could honestly thank them afterward for their free software
+contributions, without talking about the rest of what they did.</p>
+
+<p>
+We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't let
+us. These companies actively invite the public to lump all their
+activities together; they want us to regard their non-free software as
+favorably as we would regard a real contribution, although it is not
+one. They present themselves as “open source companies,” hoping
+that we will get a warm fuzzy feeling about them, and that we will be
+fuzzy-minded in applying it.</p>
+
+<p>
+This manipulative practice would be no less harmful if it were done
+using the term “free software.” But companies do not seem to use
+the term “free software” that way; perhaps its association with
+idealism makes it seem unsuitable. The term “open source” opened
+the door for this.</p>
+
+<p>
+At a trade show in late 1998, dedicated to the operating system often
+referred to
+as <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“Linux”</a>, the
+featured speaker was an executive from a prominent software company.
+He was probably invited on account of his company's decision to
+“support” that system. Unfortunately, their form of
+“support” consists of releasing non-free software that
+works with the system—in other words, using our community as a
+market but not contributing to it.</p>
+
+<p>
+He said, “There is no way we will make our product open source,
+but perhaps we will make it ‘internal’ open source. If we
+allow our customer support staff to have access to the source code,
+they could fix bugs for the customers, and we could provide a better
+product and better service.” (This is not an exact quote, as I
+did not write his words down, but it gets the gist.)</p>
+
+<p>
+People in the audience afterward told me, “He just doesn't get the
+point.” But is that so? Which point did he not get?</p>
+
+<p>
+He did not miss the point of the Open Source movement. That movement
+does not say users should have freedom, only that allowing more people
+to look at the source code and help improve it makes for faster and
+better development. The executive grasped that point completely;
+unwilling to carry out that approach in full, users included, he was
+considering implementing it partially, within the company.</p>
+
+<p>
+The point that he missed is the point that “open source” was
+designed not to raise: the point that users <em>deserve</em>
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Spreading the idea of freedom is a big job—it needs your help.
+That's why we stick to the term “free software” in the GNU
+Project, so we can help do that job. If you feel that freedom and
+community are important for their own sake—not just for the
+convenience they bring—please join us in using the term
+“free software”.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+Joe Barr wrote an article called
+<a href="http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4";>Live and
+let license</a> that gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
+
+<p>
+Lakhani and Wolf's
+<a
href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>paper
on the
+motivation of free software developers</a> says that a considerable
+fraction are motivated by the view that software should be free. This
+was despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on SourceForge,
+a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical issue.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h4>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</h4>
+
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:27 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
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+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Spanish -->
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+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Romanian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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-->
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/free-software-intro.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-software-intro.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/free-software-intro.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-software-intro.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:27
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Free Software movement - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-intro.translist" -->
+<h2>Free Software Movement</h2>
+
+<p>
+People use free software operating systems such
+as <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> for various
+reasons. Many users switch for practical reasons: because the system
+is powerful, because it is reliable, or for the convenience of being
+able to change the software to do what you need.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Those are good reasons—but there is more at stake than just
+convenience. What's at stake is your freedom, and your community.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The idea of the Free Software Movement is that computer users <a
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">deserve the freedom to form a
+community</a>. You should have the freedom to help yourself, by
+changing the source code to do whatever you need to do. And the
+freedom to help your neighbor, by redistributing copies of programs to
+other people. Also the freedom to help build your community, by
+publishing improved versions so that other people can use them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Whether a program is free software depends mainly on its license.
+However, a program can also be non-free because you don't have access
+to its source code, or because hardware won't let you put a modified
+version into use (this is called “tivoization”).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Our <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">detailed definition</a> of free
+software shows how we evaluate a license to see if it makes programs
+free software. We also have articles about <a
+href="/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html#LicensingFreeSoftware">certain
+specific licenses</a> explaining the advantages and disadvantages of
+some licenses that do qualify, and why some other licenses are too
+restrictive to qualify.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1998 the term “open source” was coined and associated
+with <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">views
+considerably different from ours</a>. These views cite only the
+practical advantages of free software, and carefully avoid the deeper
+issues of freedom and social solidarity that the Free Software
+Movement raises. The idea of open source is good as far as it goes,
+but it only scratches the surface of the issue. We don't mind working
+with supporters of open source on practical activities such as
+software development, but we do not agree with their views, and we
+decline to operate under their name.</p>
+
+<p>
+If you think that freedom and community are important for their own
+sake, please join us in proudly using the term “free
+software”, and help spread the word.
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:27 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
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+<!-- Russian -->
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-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:28
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Freedom—or Copyright? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright-old.translist" -->
+
+<h2>Freedom—or Copyright?</h2>
+
+<p>
+ by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
+</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+The brave new world of e-books: no more used book stores, no more
+lending a book to your friend, no more borrowing one from the public
+library, no purchasing a book except with a credit card that
+identifies what you read. Even reading an e-book without
+authorization is a crime.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Once upon a time, in the age of the printing press, an industrial
+regulation was established for the business of writing and
+publishing. It was called copyright. Copyright's purpose was to
+encourage the publication of a diversity of written
+works. Copyright's method was to make publishers get permission
+from authors to reprint recent writings.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ordinary readers had little reason to disapprove, since copyright
+restricted only publication, not the things a reader could do. If it
+raised the price of a book a small amount, that was only
+money. Copyright provided a public benefit, as intended, with little
+burden on the public. It did its job well—back then.</p>
+
+<p>
+Then a new way of distributing information came about: computers and
+networks. The advantage of digital information technology is that it
+facilitates copying and manipulating information, including software,
+musical recordings and books. Networks offered the possibility of
+unlimited access to all sorts of data—an information utopia.</p>
+
+<p>
+But one obstacle stood in the way: copyright. Readers who made use of
+their computers to share published information were technically
+copyright infringers. The world had changed, and what was once an
+industrial regulation on publishers had become a restriction on the
+public it was meant to serve.</p>
+
+<p>
+In a democracy, a law that prohibits a popular, natural and useful
+activity is usually soon relaxed. But the powerful publishers'
+lobby was determined to prevent the public from taking advantage of
+the power of their computers, and found copyright a suitable
+weapon. Under their influence, rather than relaxing copyright to suit
+the new circumstances, governments made it stricter than ever,
+imposing harsh penalties on readers caught sharing.</p>
+
+<p>
+But that wasn't the last of it. Computers can be powerful tools of
+domination when a few people control what other people's computers
+do. The publishers realized that by forcing people to use specially
+designated software to watch videos and read e-books, they can gain
+unprecedented power: they can compel readers to pay, and identify
+themselves, every time they read a book!</p>
+
+<p>
+That is the publishers' dream, and they prevailed upon the
+U.S. government to enact the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of
+1998. This law gives them total legal power over almost anything a
+reader might do with an e-book, as long as they publish the book in
+encrypted form. Even reading the book without authorization is a
+crime.</p>
+
+<p>
+We still have the same old freedoms in using paper books. But if
+e-books replace printed books, that exception will do little
+good. With “electronic ink”, which makes it possible to
+download new text onto an apparently printed piece of paper, even
+newspapers could become ephemeral. Imagine: no more used book stores;
+no more lending a book to your friend; no more borrowing one from the
+public library—no more “leaks” that might give someone a
+chance to read without paying. (And judging from the ads for Microsoft
+Reader, no more anonymous purchasing of books either.) This is the
+world publishers have in mind for us.</p>
+
+<p>
+Why is there so little public debate about these momentous changes?
+Most citizens have not yet had occasion to come to grips with the
+political issues raised by this futuristic technology. Besides, the
+public has been taught that copyright exists to “protect”
+the copyright holders, with the implication that the public's
+interests do not count. (The biased term
+“<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"> intellectual
+property</a>” also promotes that view; in addition, it
+encourages the mistake of trying to treat several laws that are almost
+totally different—such as copyright law and patent law—as
+if they were a single issue.)</p>
+
+<p>
+But when the public at large begins to use e-books, and discovers the
+regime that the publishers have prepared for them, they will begin to
+resist. Humanity will not accept this yoke forever.</p>
+
+<p>
+The publishers would have us believe that suppressive copyright is the
+only way to keep art alive, but we do not need a War on Copying to
+encourage a diversity of published works; as the Grateful Dead showed,
+private copying among fans is not necessarily a problem for
+artists. (In 2007, Radiohead made millions by inviting fans to copy an
+album and pay whatever amount they wish; a few years before, Stephen King
+got hundreds of thousands for an e-book which people could copy.) By
+legalizing the copying of e-books among friends, we can turn copyright
+back into the industrial regulation it once was.</p>
+
+<p>
+For some kinds of writing, we should go even further. For scholarly
+papers and monographs, everyone should be encouraged to republish them
+verbatim online; this helps protect the scholarly record while making
+it more accessible. For textbooks and most reference works,
+publication of modified versions should be allowed as well, since that
+encourages improvement.</p>
+
+<p>
+Eventually, when computer networks provide an easy way to send someone
+a small amount of money, the whole rationale for restricting verbatim
+copying will go away. If you like a book, and a box pops up on your
+computer saying “Click here to give the author one
+dollar”, wouldn't you click? Copyright for books and music, as
+it applies to distributing verbatim unmodified copies, will be
+entirely obsolete. And not a moment too soon!</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are
+also <a href="/contact/">other ways to
+contact</a> the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1999, 2008 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:28 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Croatian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.hr.html">Hrvatski</a> [hr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
-->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ja.html">日本語</a> [it]</li>
-->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:28 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Freedom Or Power? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Freedom or Power?,
Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman discuss the reasons that the free
software movement doesn't advocate the so-called freedom to choose any license
you want for software you write." />
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
+<h2>Freedom or Power?</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard
+M. Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the
+love of ourselves.<br />
+-- William Hazlitt</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of
+software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are
+necessary for a good way of life, and permit useful programs to foster a
+community of goodwill, cooperation, and collaboration. <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Our criteria for free software</a> specify
+the freedoms that a program's users need so that they can cooperate in a
+community.</p>
+
+<p>
+We stand for freedom for programmers as well as for other users.
+Most of us are programmers, and we want freedom for ourselves as well
+as for you. But each of us uses software written by others, and we
+want freedom when using that software, not just when using our own
+code. We stand for freedom for all users, whether they program often,
+occasionally, or not at all.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, one so-called freedom that we do not advocate is the
+“freedom to choose any license you want for software you
+write.” We reject this because it is really a form of power,
+not a freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+This oft overlooked distinction is crucial. Freedom is being able to make
+decisions that affect mainly you; power is being able to make decisions
+that affect others more than you. If we confuse power with freedom, we
+will fail to uphold real freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Making a program proprietary is an exercise of power. Copyright law
+today grants software developers that power, so they and only they
+choose the rules to impose on everyone else—a relatively small
+number of people make the basic software decisions for all users,
+typically by denying their freedom. When users lack the
+freedoms that define free software, they can't tell what the
+software is doing, can't check for back doors, can't monitor possible
+viruses and worms, can't find out what personal information is being
+reported (or stop the reports, even if they do find out). If it breaks,
+they can't fix it; they have to wait for the developer to exercise its
+power to do so. If it simply isn't quite what they need, they are stuck
+with it. They can't help each other improve it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Proprietary software developers are often businesses. We in the free
+software movement are not opposed to business, but we have seen what
+happens when a software business has the “freedom” to
+impose arbitrary rules on the users of software. Microsoft is an
+egregious example of how denying users' freedoms can lead to direct
+harm, but it is not the only example. Even when there is no monopoly,
+proprietary software harms society. A choice of masters is not
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated
+on the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world
+program regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software
+businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses
+software, so software developers now control the way it lives,
+does business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and
+political issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of
+choice (for developers only).”</p>
+
+<p>
+If “code is law,” <a href="#f1">(1)</a> then the real question we
face is: who should control the
+code you use—you, or an elite few? We believe you are entitled
+to control the software you use, and giving you that control is the
+goal of free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+We believe you should decide what to do with the software you use;
+however, that is not what today's law says. Current copyright law places
+us in the position of power over users of our code, whether we like it or
+not. The ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for
+each user, just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government
+power by guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU General Public License</a> is for:
+it puts you in control of your usage of the software while <a
+href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">protecting you from others</a> who would
+like to take control of your decisions.</p>
+
+<p>
+As more and more users realize that code is law, and come to feel that
+they too deserve freedom, they will see the importance of the freedoms
+we stand for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the
+practical value of the free software we have developed.</p>
+
+<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+
+<a name="f1"></a> William J. Mitchell,
+<em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge,
+Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
+<em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> (New York, NY:
+Basic Books, 2006), p. 5.
+
+<hr />
+<h4>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a></h4>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are
+also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2001, 2009 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted
+without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:28 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/gif.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/gif.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/gif.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/gif.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:28 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/gif.translist" -->
+<h2>Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages</h2>
+
+<p>
+<strong>While this story is a historical
+illustration of the danger of software patents, these
+particular patents are now no longer a concern (see
+<a href="#venuenote">footnote</a> below). For details of our web site
+<a href="/server/fsf-html-style-sheet.html#UseofGraphics">policies
+regarding GIFs</a>, see our <a href="/server/standards/">web
+guidelines</a>.</strong>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+There are no GIFs on the GNU web site because of the
+patents (Unisys and IBM) covering
+the LZW compression algorithm
+which is used in making GIF files. These patents make it
+impossible to have free software to generate proper GIFs.
+They also apply to the <strong>compress</strong> program, which is why
+GNU does not use it or its format.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Unisys and IBM both applied for patents in 1983. Unisys (and perhaps
+IBM) applied for these patents in a number of countries. Of the
+places whose patent databases we were able to search, the latest
+expiration date seems to be 1 October 2006.
+<sup><a id="returnnote" href="#venuenote">1</a></sup> Until then,
+anyone who releases a free program for making GIF files
+is likely to be sued. We don't know any reason to think that the
+patent owners would lose these lawsuits.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If we released such a program, Unisys and IBM might think it wiser
+(for public relations reasons) not to sue a charity like the FSF.
+They could instead sue the users of the program, including the
+companies who redistribute GNU software. We feel it would not be
+responsible behavior for us to set up this situation.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Many people think that Unisys has given permission for distributing
+free software to make GIF format. Unfortunately that is
+not what Unisys has actually done. Here is what Unisys actually said
+about the matter in 1995:
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>Unisys does not require licensing, or fees to be paid, for
+non-commercial, non-profit GIF-based applications,
+including those for use on the on-line services. Concerning
+developers of software for the Internet network, the same principle
+applies. Unisys will not pursue previous inadvertent infringement by
+developers producing versions of software products for the Internet
+prior to 1995. The company does not require licensing, or fees to be
+paid for non-commercial, non-profit offerings on the Internet,
+including “Freeware”.</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Unfortunately, this doesn't permit
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> which can be used
+in a free operating system such as GNU. It also does not
+permit <em>at all</em> the use of LZW for other purposes
+such as compression of files. This is why we think it is still best
+to reject LZW, and switch to alternatives such
+as <a href="/software/gzip/gzip.html">GNU Gzip</a>
+and PNG.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Commercial redistribution of free
+software</a> is very important, and we want the GNU system as a whole
+to be redistributed commercially. This means we can't add
+a GIF-generating program to GNU, not under the Unisys
+terms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <a href="http://www.fsf.org";>Free Software Foundation</a> is a
+non-commercial, non-profit organization, so strictly speaking the
+income from our sales of <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/";>CD-ROMs</a>
+is not “profit”. Perhaps this means we could include
+a GIF program on our CD-ROM and claim to be acting within
+the scope of the Unisys permission—or perhaps not. But since we
+know that other redistributors of GNU would be unable to include it,
+doing this would not be very useful.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Shortly after Unisys made its announcement, when the net in general
+was reassured thinking that Unisys had given permission for
+free GIF-generating software, we wrote to the Unisys
+legal department asking for clarification of these issues. We did not
+receive a response.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Even if Unisys really did give permission for free software to
+generate GIFs, we would still have to deal with the IBM
+patent. Both the IBM and the Unisys patents cover the same
+“invention”—the LZW compression
+algorithm. (This could reflect an error on the part of the US Patent
+and Trademark Office, which is famous for incompetence and poor
+judgment.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Decoding GIFs is a different issue. The Unisys and IBM
+patents are both written in such a way that they do not apply to a
+program which can only uncompress LZW format and cannot
+compress. Therefore we can and will include support for
+displaying GIF files in GNU software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Given this situation, we could still include GIF files in
+our web pages if we wanted to. Many other people would be happy to
+generate them for us, and we would not be sued for
+having GIF files on our server.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+But we feel that if we can't distribute the software to enable people
+to generate GIF files properly, then we should not have
+other people run such software for us. Besides, if we can't provide
+software in GNU to generate GIF files, we have to
+recommend an alternative. We ourselves should use the alternative
+that we recommend.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1999, Unisys had the following to say about the issue of their
+patent:
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>Unisys has frequently been asked whether a Unisys
+license is required in order to use LZW software obtained
+by downloading from the Internet or from other sources. The answer is
+simple. In all cases, a written license agreement or statement signed
+by an authorized Unisys representative is required from Unisys for all
+use, sale or distribution of any software (including so-called
+“freeware”) and/or hardware providing LZW
+conversion capability (for example, downloaded
+software).</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+With this statement, Unisys is trying to take back what they said in
+1995 when they gave parts of the patent to the public. The legality of
+such a move is questionable.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A further issue is that the LZW patents—and
+software patents in general—are an offense against the freedom
+of programmers generally, and all programmers need to work together
+against software patents.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+So even if we could find a solution to enable the free software
+community to generate GIFs, that isn't really a solution,
+not for the problem as a whole. The solution is switching to another
+format and not using GIF any more.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Therefore, we don't use GIF, and we hope you won't use it
+either.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to make non-compressed images that act
+like GIFs, in that they work with programs that
+decode GIF format. This can be done without infringing
+patents. These pseudo-GIFs are useful for some purposes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is also possible to create GIFs using a patent-free
+run length encoding but this doesn't achieve the compression that one
+normally expects in a GIF.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We decided not to use these pseudo-GIFs on our web site
+because they are not a satisfactory solution to the community's
+problem. They work, but they are very large. What the web needs is a
+patent-free compressed format, not large pseudo-GIFs.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics";>PNG
+format</a> is a patent-free compressed format. We hope it will become
+widely supported; then we will use it. We do provide PNG versions of
+most of the <a href="/graphics/graphics.html">images on this server</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+For more information about the GIF patent problems,
+see <a href="http://www.progfree.org/Patents/Gif/Gif.html";>the League for
+Programming Freedom GIF page</a>. Through that page you
+can find more information about the <a
+href="http://endsoftpatents.org/";>problem of software patents in
+general.</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+There is a library called libungif that reads gif files and writes
+uncompressed gifs to circumvent the Unisys patent.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://burnallgifs.org";>http://burnallgifs.org</a> is a
+web site devoted to discouraging the use of GIF files on
+the web.
+</p>
+
+<h3>Footnote:</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#returnnote" id="venuenote">1.</a> We were able to search
+the patent databases of the USA, Canada, Japan, and the European
+Union. The Unisys patent expired on 20 June 2003 in the USA, in Europe
+it expired on 18 June 2004, in Japan the patent expired on 20 June
+2004 and in Canada it expired on 7 July 2004. The U.S. IBM patent
+expired 11 August 2006. The Software Freedom Law Center says that
+after 1 October 2006, there will be no significant patent claims
+interfering with employment of the GIF format.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:28 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
-->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li> -->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/gnutella.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/gnutella.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/gnutella.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/gnutella.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:29 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Regarding Gnutella - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/gnutella.translist" -->
+<h2>Regarding Gnutella</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p>
+“Gnutella” is, at present, the name for a protocol for distributed
+file sharing, mostly used for music files. The name also sometimes
+refers to the network itself, as well as the original Gnutella software.
+The situation is quite confusing. For more on Gnutella's
+origin and history, please refer to the <a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnutella";>Wikipedia article</a> on
+the subject.</p>
+
+<p>
+In any case, the name was originally a word play on “GNU”
+(the original developers planned to release their code under the GNU
+GPL, and may have had in mind contributing it to the GNU project) and
+“Nutella” (a candy bar that the original developers
+enjoyed). However, neither the original software nor any of the
+related current projects
+are <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">official GNU
+packages</a>. We have asked that the Gnutella developers change the
+name to avoid confusion; perhaps that will happen in the future.</p>
+
+<p>
+There are a number of free software programs that implement the
+Gnutella protocol, such as <a
+href="http://gtk-gnutella.sourceforge.net/";>gtk-gnutella</a>, <a
+href="http://mutella.sourceforge.net/";>mutella</a>, and <a
+href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnucleus/";>gnucleus</a>. Please
+note, however, that none of these programs are officially <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">GNU software</a>
+either. GNU has its own peer-to-peer networking program, <a
+href="/software/GNUnet/">GNUnet</a>, whose
+documentation includes a <a
+href="http://gnunet.org/faq.php3#compare";>comparison of the
+protocols</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The Free Software Foundation is concerned with the freedom to copy and
+change software; music is outside our scope. But there is a partial
+similarity in the ethical issues of copying software and copying
+recordings of music. Some articles in the
+<a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html#Laws">philosophy</a> directory
+relate to the issue of copying for things other than software. Some
+of the <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html#ThirdPartyIdeas">other people's
+articles</a> we have links to are also relevant.</p>
+
+<p>
+No matter what sort of published information is being shared, we urge
+people to reject the assumption that some person or company has a
+natural right to prohibit sharing and dictate exactly how the public
+can use it. Even the US legal system nominally
+<a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">rejects</a> that
+anti-social idea.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Bosnian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.bs.html">Bosanski</a> [bs]</li> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Croatian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.hr.html">Hrvatski</a> [hr]</li> -->
+<!-- Hungarian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.hu.html">Magyar</a> [hu]</li> -->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
-->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portugese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Romamian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ro.html">Românã</a> [ro]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Chinese(Simplified) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
+<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gnutella.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:29 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
+
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and freedom</h2>
+
+<p>
+ by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>
+ <cite>Richard Stallman's response to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
+ dealings with the Austin “Linux” users group.</cite></p>
+ -->
+
+<p>
+ Since <a href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755";>Joe Barr's
+ article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
+ set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
+ reasons.</p>
+<p>
+ When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, it was a “Linux User
+ Group”; that is, a group for users of the GNU/Linux system
+ which calls the whole system “Linux”. So I replied
+ politely that if they'd like someone from the GNU Project to give a
+ speech for them, they ought to treat the GNU Project right, and call
+ the system “GNU/Linux”. The system is a variant of GNU,
+ and the GNU Project is its principal developer, so social convention
+ says to call it by the name we chose. Unless there are powerful
+ reasons for an exception, I usually decline to give speeches for
+ organizations that won't give GNU proper credit in this way. I
+ respect their freedom of speech, but I also have the freedom not to
+ give a speech.</p>
+<p>
+ Subsequently, Jeff Strunk of SIGLINUX tried to change the group's
+ policy, and asked the FSF to list his group in our page of GNU/Linux
+ user groups. Our webmaster told him that we would not list it under
+ the name “SIGLINUX” because that name implies that the
+ group is about Linux. Strunk proposed to change the name to
+ “SIGFREE”, and our webmaster agreed that would be fine.
+ (Barr's article said we rejected this proposal.) However, the group
+ ultimately decided to stay with “SIGLINUX”.</p>
+<p>
+ At that point, the matter came to my attention again, and I
+ suggested they consider other possible names. There are many names
+ they could choose that would not call the system
+ “Linux”, and I hope they will come up with one they
+ like. There the matter rests as far as I know.</p>
+<p>
+ Is it true, as Barr writes, that some people see these actions as an
+ “application of force” comparable with Microsoft's
+ monopoly power? Probably so. Declining an invitation is not
+ coercion, but people who are determined to believe that the entire
+ system is “Linux” sometimes develop amazingly distorted
+ vision. To make that name appear justified, they must see molehills
+ as mountains and mountains as molehills. If you can ignore the
+ facts and believe that Linus Torvalds developed the whole system
+ starting in 1991, or if you can ignore your ordinary principles of
+ fairness and believe that Torvalds should get the sole credit even
+ though he didn't do that, it's a small step to believe that I owe
+ you a speech when you ask.</p>
+<p>
+ Just consider: the GNU Project starts developing an operating
+ system, and years later Linus Torvalds adds one important piece.
+ The GNU Project says, “Please give our project equal
+ mention,” but Linus says, “Don't give them a share of
+ the credit; call the whole thing after my name alone!” Now
+ envision the mindset of a person who can look at these events and
+ accuse the GNU Project of egotism. It takes strong prejudice to
+ misjudge so drastically.</p>
+<p>
+ A person who is that prejudiced can say all sorts of unfair things
+ about the GNU Project and think them justified; his fellows will
+ support him, because they want each other's support in maintaining
+ their prejudice. Dissenters can be reviled; thus, if I decline to
+ participate in an activity under the rubric of “Linux”,
+ they may find that inexcusable, and hold me responsible for the ill
+ will they feel afterwards. When so many people want me to call the
+ system “Linux”, how can I, who merely launched its
+ development, not comply? And forcibly denying them a speech is
+ forcibly making them unhappy. That's coercion, as bad as
+ Microsoft!</p>
+<p>
+ Now, you might wonder why I don't just duck the issue and avoid all
+ this grief. When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, I could simply have
+ said “No, sorry” and the matter would have ended there.
+ Why didn't I do that? I'm willing to take the risk of being abused
+ personally in order to have a chance of correcting the error that
+ undercuts the GNU Project's efforts.</p>
+<p>
+ Calling this variant of the GNU system “Linux” plays
+ into the hands of people who choose their software based only on
+ technical advantage, not caring whether it respects their freedom.
+ There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
+ from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
+ There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
+ use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone who complains to
+ provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
+ There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
+ “politicized” by consideration of their social
+ consequences.</p>
+<p>
+ In the 70s, computer users lost the freedoms to redistribute and
+ change software because they didn't value their freedom. Computer
+ users regained these freedoms in the 80s and 90s because a group of
+ idealists, the GNU Project, believed that freedom is what makes a
+ program better, and were willing to work for what we believed in.</p>
+<p>
+ We have partial freedom today, but our freedom is not secure. It is
+ threatened by the <abbr title="Consumer Broadband and Digital
+ Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
+ (formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
+ by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
+ (see <a href="http://www.eff.org/";>http://www.eff.org/</a>) which
+ proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
+ by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
+ software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program
+ that is “better” (technically) than available free
+ programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
+ first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
+<p>
+ Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
+ how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
+ Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between non-free and
+ free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
+ Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
+ just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
+ influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is
+ ok; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
+ role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
+ is, “This system exists because of people who care about
+ freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
+ it.”
+ See <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html";>http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>
+ for the history.</p>
+<p>
+ When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
+ with <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> silly excuses and straw men</a>.
+ But we probably haven't lost
+ anything, because they were probably unfriendly to begin with.
+ Meanwhile, other people recognize the reasons I give, and use that
+ name. By doing so, they help make other people aware of why the
+ GNU/Linux system really exists, and that increases our ability to
+ spread the idea that freedom is an important value.</p>
+<p>
+ This is why I keep butting my head against bias, calumny, and grief.
+ They hurt my feelings, but when successful, this effort helps the GNU
+ Project campaign for freedom.</p>
+<p>
+ Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
+ the non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ like to address that issue as well.</p>
+
+<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
+<p>
+ (See the <a href="#update">update</a> below.)</p>
+<p>
+ The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
+ free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program.
+ There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
+ this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
+ to use non-free software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
+ dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
+ can be done about this?</p>
+<p>
+ One solution is to set up another repository for the Linux sources,
+ using CVS or another free version control system, and arranging to
+ load new versions into it automatically. This could use Bitkeeper to
+ access the latest revisions, then install the new revisions into CVS.
+ That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
+<p>
+ The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
+ machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now,
+ and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
+ repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
+ have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
+ to do it using free software.</p>
+<p>
+ The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
+ non-free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
+ be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
+ few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
+ substantial program in binary is another.</p>
+<p>
+ The presence of these binary-only programs in “source”
+ files of Linux creates a secondary problem: it calls into question
+ whether Linux binaries can legally be redistributed at all. The GPL
+ requires “complete corresponding source code,” and a
+ sequence of integers is not the source code. By the same token,
+ adding such a binary to the Linux sources violates the GPL.</p>
+<p>
+ The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
+ into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
+ completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the non-free
+ firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
+ use the non-free “official” version of Linux. That may
+ well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
+ without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” project
+ will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
+ for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
+ processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
+ daunting if we had done it little by little over the years, rather
+ than letting it mount up. In recruiting people to do this job, we
+ will have to overcome the idea, spread by some Linux developers,
+ that the job is not necessary.</p>
+<p>
+ Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
+ software, yet its current version is partially non-free. How did
+ this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
+ reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
+ who thinks that “technically better” is more important
+ than freedom.</p>
+<p>
+ Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
+ “Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
+ want to learn.</p>
+
+<p>
+ <strong><a name="update">Update:</a></strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
+ is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
+ article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
+ but as of January 2008,
+ a <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux";> free version of
+ Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
+ distributions.</p>
+
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2002 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
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+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
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+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Chinese(Simplified) -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:29
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/microsoft-antitrust.translist" -->
+
+<h2>The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software</h2>
+
+<p>
+With the Microsoft antitrust trial moving toward a conclusion, the
+question of what to demand of Microsoft if it loses is coming to the
+fore. Ralph Nader is even [when this was written, in March 1999]
+organizing a conference about the question (see
+<a
href="http://www.appraising-microsoft.org/";>http://www.appraising-microsoft.org/</a>).</p>
+<p>
+The obvious answers—to restrict contracts between Microsoft and
+computer manufacturers, or to break up the company—will not make
+a crucial difference. The former might encourage the availability of
+computers with the GNU/Linux system preinstalled, but that is
+happening anyway. The latter would mainly help other proprietary
+application developers compete, which would only offer users
+alternative ways to let go of their freedom.</p>
+<p>
+So I propose three remedies that would help enable
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> operating systems
+such as GNU/Linux compete technically while respecting users' freedom.
+These three remedies directly address the three biggest obstacles to
+development of free operating systems, and to giving them the
+capability of running programs written for Windows. They also
+directly address the methods Microsoft has said (in the
+“Halloween documents”) it will use to obstruct free
+software. It would be most effective to use all three of these
+remedies together.</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li>Require Microsoft to publish complete documentation of all
+ interfaces between software components, all communications
+ protocols, and all file formats. This would block one of
+ Microsoft's favorite tactics: secret and incompatible interfaces.
+<p>
+ To make this requirement really stick, Microsoft should not be
+ allowed to use a nondisclosure agreement with some other
+ organization to excuse implementing a secret interface. The rule
+ must be: if they cannot publish the interface, they cannot release
+ an implementation of it.</p>
+<p>
+ It would, however, be acceptable to permit Microsoft to begin
+ implementation of an interface before the publication of the
+ interface specifications, provided that they release the
+ specifications simultaneously with the implementation.</p>
+<p>
+ Enforcement of this requirement would not be difficult. If other
+ software developers complain that the published documentation fails
+ to describe some aspect of the interface, or how to do a certain
+ job, the court would direct Microsoft to answer questions about it.
+ Any questions about interfaces (as distinguished from
+ implementation techniques) would have to be answered.</p>
+<p>
+ Similar terms were included in an agreement between IBM and the
+ European Community in 1984, settling another antitrust dispute.
+ See <a href="http://www.cptech.org/at/ibm/ibm1984ec.html";>
+ http://www.cptech.org/at/ibm/ibm1984ec.html</a>.</p>
+</li>
+<li>Require Microsoft to use its patents for defense only, in the field
+ of software. (If they happen to own patents that apply to other
+ fields, those other fields could be included in this requirement,
+ or they could be exempt.) This would block the other tactic
+ Microsoft mentioned in the Halloween documents: using patents to
+ block development of free software.
+<p>
+ We should give Microsoft the option of using either self-defense or
+ mutual defense. Self defense means offering to cross-license all
+ patents at no charge with anyone who wishes to do so. Mutual
+ defense means licensing all patents to a pool which anyone can
+ join—even people who have no patents of their own. The pool
+ would license all members' patents to all members.</p>
+<p>
+ It is crucial to address the issue of patents, because it does no
+ good to have Microsoft publish an interface, if they have managed
+ to work some patented wrinkle into it (or into the functionality it
+ gives access to), such that the rest of us are not allowed to
+ implement it.</p>
+</li>
+<li>Require Microsoft not to certify any hardware as working with
+ Microsoft software, unless the hardware's complete specifications
+ have been published, so that any programmer can implement software
+ to support the same hardware.
+<p>
+ Secret hardware specifications are not in general Microsoft's
+ doing, but they are a significant obstacle for the development of
+ the free operating systems that can provide competition for
+ Windows. To remove this obstacle would be a great help. If a
+ settlement is negotiated with Microsoft, including this sort of
+ provision in it is not impossible—it would be a matter of
+ negotiation.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+<p>
+This April, Microsoft's Ballmer announced a possible plan to release
+source code for some part of Windows. It is not clear whether that
+would imply making it free software, or which part of Windows it might
+be. But if Microsoft does make some important part of Windows free
+software, it could solve these problems as regards that part. (It
+could also be a contribution to the free software community, if the
+software in question could be useful for purposes other than running
+other proprietary Microsoft software.)</p>
+<p>
+However, having the use as free software of a part of Windows is less
+crucial than being <em>permitted</em> to implement all parts. The remedies
+proposed above are what we really need. They will clear the way for
+us to develop a truly superior alternative to Microsoft Windows,
+in whatever area Microsoft does not make Windows free software.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
-->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
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-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
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-->
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+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft-old.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/microsoft-old.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/microsoft-old.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft-old.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:29 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Is Microsoft the Great Satan? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/microsoft-old.translist" -->
+<h2>Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</h2>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote><p>There is an <a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">
+updated version</a> of this article.</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Many people think of Microsoft as the monster menace of the software
+industry. There is even a campaign to boycott Microsoft. This feeling
+has intensified since Microsoft expressed active hostility towards
+free software.</p>
+
+<p>In the free software movement, our perspective is different. We see
+that Microsoft is doing something that is bad for software users:
+making software <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">
+proprietary</a> and thus denying users their rightful freedom.</p>
+
+<p>But Microsoft is not alone in this; almost all software companies
+do the same thing to the users. If other companies manage to dominate
+fewer users than Microsoft, that is not for lack of trying.</p>
+
+<p>This is not meant to excuse Microsoft. Rather, it is meant as a
+reminder that Microsoft is the natural development of a software
+industry based on <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">dividing
+users and taking away their freedom</a>. When criticizing Microsoft,
+we must not exonerate the other companies that also make proprietary
+software. At the FSF, we don't run any proprietary software—not
+from Microsoft or anyone else.</p>
+
+<p>In the “Halloween documents”, released at the end of
+October 1998, Microsoft executives stated an intention to use various
+methods to obstruct the development of free software: specifically,
+designing secret protocols and file formats, and patenting algorithms
+and software features.</p>
+
+<p>These obstructionist policies are nothing new: Microsoft, and many
+other software companies, have been doing them for years now. In the
+past, probably, their motivation was to attack each other; now, it
+seems, we are among the intended targets. But that change in
+motivation has no practical consequence, because secret conventions
+and software patents obstruct everyone, regardless of the
+“intended target”.</p>
+
+<p>Secrecy and patents do threaten free software. They have obstructed
+us greatly in the past, and we must expect they will do so even more
+in the future. But this is no different from what was going to happen
+even if Microsoft had never noticed us. The only real significance of
+the “Halloween documents” is that Microsoft seems to think
+that the <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux system</a> has
+the potential for great success.</p>
+
+<p>Thank you, Microsoft, and please get out of the way.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:29 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Czech -->
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-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.es.html">español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
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-->
+<!-- Hungarian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.hu.html">magyar</a> [hu]</li>
-->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.id.html">Bahasa
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+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>On the Microsoft Verdict - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/microsoft-verdict.translist" -->
+<h2>On the Microsoft Verdict</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p>
+Many
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+users think of the system as competition for Microsoft.
+But the Free Software Movement aims to solve a problem that is much
+bigger than Microsoft: proprietary, non-free software, designed to
+keep users helpless and prohibit cooperation. Microsoft is the
+largest developer of such software, but many other companies treat the
+users' freedom just as badly; if they have not shackled as many users
+as Microsoft, it is not for lack of trying.</p>
+<p>
+Since Microsoft is just a part of the problem, its defeat in the
+anti-trust lawsuit is not necessarily a victory for free software.
+Whether the outcome of this suit helps free software and promotes
+users' freedom depends of the specific remedies imposed on Microsoft
+by the judge.</p>
+<p>
+If the remedies are designed to enable other companies compete in
+offering proprietary, non-free software, that will do the Free World
+no particular good. Alternative possible masters is not freedom. And
+competition could lead them to do a “better” job, better
+in a narrow technical sense; then it could be harder for us to
+“compete” with them technically. We will continue to
+offer the user one thing those companies do
+not—freedom—and users who value freedom will continue to
+choose free software for that reason. But users who do not value
+freedom, and choose a system based on mere convenience, might be
+enticed away to “improved” proprietary systems.</p>
+<p>
+Splitting Microsoft into separate companies could also endanger free
+software, because these smaller companies, no longer held in check by
+the public readiness to condemn Microsoft, might see fit to attack
+free software more harshly than the present unified Microsoft does.</p>
+<p>
+I've
+<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">proposed remedies</a>
+for this case that would help free software compete with Microsoft:
+for example, requiring Microsoft to publish documentation for all
+interfaces, and to use patents only for defense, not for aggression.
+These remedies would block the use of the weapons that Microsoft plans
+to use against us (according to the “Halloween documents”
+leaked from within Microsoft which spelled out how they plan to impede
+development of the GNU/Linux system).</p>
+<p>
+When we see what remedies the judge chooses, we will get an idea of
+whether the case has been helpful or harmful to the Free Software
+Movement.</p>
+
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2000, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:30 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/microsoft.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/microsoft.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/microsoft.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/microsoft.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Is Microsoft the Great Satan? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/microsoft.translist" -->
+<h2>Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</h2>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote><p>This article was given a major rewrite in 2009.
+The <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">old version</a> is also
+available.</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Many people think of Microsoft as the monster menace of the
+software industry. There is even a specific campaign to boycott
+Microsoft. This feeling has intensified since Microsoft expressed
+active hostility towards free software.</p>
+
+<p>In the free software movement, our perspective is different. We
+see that Microsoft is doing something that mistreats software users:
+making software <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">
+proprietary</a> and thus denying users their rightful freedom. But
+Microsoft is not alone in this; many other companies do the same thing
+to the users. If other companies manage to dominate fewer users than
+Microsoft, that is not for lack of trying.</p>
+
+<p>This is not meant to excuse Microsoft. Rather, it is meant as a
+reminder that Microsoft is the natural development of a software
+industry based on <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">keeping
+users divided and subjugating them</a>. When criticizing Microsoft,
+we should not focus so narrowly on Microsoft that we let other
+proprietary software developers off the hook.</p>
+
+<p>When we reject Microsoft's proprietary software, that is not a
+boycott. The word “boycott” means rejection, as a
+protest, of products that are otherwise acceptable. Rejecting a
+product because it hurts you is not a boycott, just ordinary
+rationality. To maintain your freedom, you need to
+reject <em>all</em> proprietary software, regardless of who developed
+it or who distributes it.</p>
+
+<p>There is no need to reject Microsoft non-software products, or
+services that you can use without proprietary software. (When you use
+a web service, whether Microsoft's or not, watch out for
+<a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">non-free JavaScript
+programs</a> that it may try to slip into your browser.) When
+Microsoft releases free programs, which it occasionally does, they are
+acceptable in theory; but most of them depend fundamentally on
+Microsoft proprietary software, which we do need to reject, and that
+makes them useless for anyone that chooses to live in freedom.</p>
+
+<p>In the “Halloween documents”, leaked in October 1998,
+Microsoft executives stated an intention to use various methods to
+obstruct the development of free software: specifically, designing
+secret protocols and file formats, and patenting algorithms and
+software features.</p>
+
+<p>These obstructionist policies were not new: Microsoft, and many
+other software companies, had been doing them for years. Secrecy
+and patents have obstructed us greatly, and they may be more damaging
+in the future. For the most part, the companies' main motivation in
+doing these things is to attack each other; now, it seems, we are
+specifically targeted. Microsoft is using its patents directly to
+<a href="http://press.redhat.com/2009/09/09/microsoft-and-patent-trolls/";>
+attack the free software community</a>, and our community is fighting
+back.</p>
+
+<p>But Microsoft's patents are not the only patents that threaten us
+(and software developers and users generally)—consider the harm
+that the MP3 patent has done. Thus, defending against specific
+attacks is necessary but not sufficient. The only full solution is
+to <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/";>eliminate software
+patents</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Other Microsoft practices specifically harmful to the adoption of
+free software are the ones designed to build up social inertia that
+obstructs migration to GNU/Linux. For instance, when Microsoft
+“donates” copies of Windows to schools, it converts these
+schools into tools for implanting a dependence on Windows. There are
+indications that Microsoft systematically plans these
+activities <a href="http://boycottnovell.com/wiki/index.php/EDGI";> as
+a campaign against the adoption of GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Each Windows “upgrade” augments Microsoft's power over
+the users; Microsoft plans it that way. And each one is a step
+forward in malicious features, which
+include <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>Digital Restrictions
+Management</a> and back doors. So the FSF runs campaigns to warn
+users against “upgrading”
+to <a href="http://BadVista.org/";>Windows Vista</a>
+and <a href="http://Windows7Sins.org";>Windows 7</a>. We aim to reduce
+the amount of inertia they will create.</p>
+
+<p>We don't hate Microsoft, and we don't consider it the Great Satan.
+But we do recognize it as the company that has separated more users
+from their freedom than any other, and a powerful avowed enemy of
+computer users' freedom. We act accordingly.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:30 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/netscape-npl.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/netscape-npl.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/netscape-npl.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/netscape-npl.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Netscape Public License - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist" -->
+
+<h2>On the Netscape Public License</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote><p>
+(The <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html"> original version</a>
+of this article was written in March 1998 about a draft of the NPL.
+Our first article on the subject was
+<a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">Netscape is considering making
+the Netscape browser free software</a>.)</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+The Netscape Public License, or NPL, as it was ultimately designed in
+1998, is a free software license—but it has three major flaws.
+One flaw sends a bad philosophical message, another puts the free
+software community in a weak position, while the third creates a major
+practical problem within the free software community. Two of the
+flaws apply to the Mozilla Public License as well. Because of these
+flaws, we urge that you not use the NPL or the MPL for your free
+software.</p>
+
+<h4>1. Not all users are equal</h4>
+
+<p>
+The first problem I noticed in the NPL was that it does not give
+Netscape and the rest of us equal rights, as the GNU GPL does. Under
+the NPL, we can use Netscape's code only as specified in the NPL, but
+Netscape can use our changes in any way at all—even in
+proprietary licensed versions of the software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The problem here is subtle, because this does not make the program
+non-free. It does not stop us from redistributing the program, or
+from changing it; it does not deny us any particular freedom.
+Considered from a purely pragmatic viewpoint, it may not look like a
+problem at all.</p>
+
+<p>
+The problem lies in the deeper message embodied in this condition. It
+denies the idea of cooperation among equals that our community rests
+on, and says that working on a free program means contributing to a
+proprietary software product. Those who accept this condition are
+likely to be changed by it, and the change will not strengthen our
+community.</p>
+
+<p>
+One proposed solution for this asymmetry is to put a time limit on
+it—perhaps three or five years. That would be a big improvement,
+because the time limit would deny the problematical deeper message.</p>
+
+<p>
+The practical effects of this condition are minimized by another
+drawback of the NPL: it is not designed as a thorough copyleft. In
+other words, it does not try very hard to ensure that modifications
+made by users are available as free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The MPL (Mozilla Public License) does <em>not</em> have this problem.
+That is the principal difference between the MPL and the NPL.</p>
+
+<h4>2. Not a copyleft</h4>
+
+<p>
+The NPL has the form of a copyleft; it explicitly says that all
+modifications made by users must be released under the NPL. But this
+applies only to modifications to the existing code—not to added
+subroutines, if they are put in separate files. As a practical
+matter, this means it is easy to make proprietary changes if you want
+to: just put the bulk of your code into a separate file, and call the
+collection a Larger Work. Only the subroutine calls added to the old
+files will have to be released under the NPL, and they will not be
+very useful on their own.</p>
+
+<p>
+The lack of real copyleft is not a catastrophe; it does not make the
+software non-free. For example, the X.org distribution terms do not
+try to use copyleft at all, yet X.org is free software nonetheless.
+BSD is also non-copylefted free software (although the older BSD terms
+have a <a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">serious drawback</a> and should
+not be imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free
+software, please use the X.org terms instead). NPL-covered software
+is also <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">free software</a>
+without being copylefted, and this by itself does not make the NPL
+worse than other non-copyleft free software license.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, while this is not catastrophic, it is nonetheless a drawback.
+And because the NPL looks like a copyleft, some users may be confused
+about it, and might adopt the NPL, thinking that they are obtaining
+the benefits of copyleft for their software, when that is not the
+case. To avoid this outcome, we will need to work hard to educate
+people about an issue that is not easy to explain in a few words.</p>
+
+<h4>3. Not compatible with the GPL</h4>
+
+<p>
+The most serious practical problem in the NPL is that it is
+incompatible with the GNU GPL. It is impossible to combine
+NPL-covered code and GNU GPL-covered code together in one program, not
+even by linking separate object files or libraries; no matter how this
+is done, it has to violate one license or the other.</p>
+
+<p>
+This conflict occurs because the GPL is serious about copyleft: it was
+designed to ensure that all changes and extensions to a free program
+must be free. So it does not leave a loophole for making changes
+proprietary by putting them into a separate file. To close this
+loophole, the GPL does not allow linking the copylefted program with
+code that has other restrictions or conditions—such as the
+NPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+Being incompatible with the GPL does not make a program non-free; it
+does not raise a fundamental ethical issue. But it is likely to
+create a serious problem for the free software community, dividing the
+code base into two collections that cannot be mixed. As a practical
+matter, this problem is very important.</p>
+
+<p>
+Solving this by changing the GPL is possible, but that would entail
+abandoning copyleft—which would do more harm than good. But it
+is possible to solve this problem with a small change in the NPL.
+(See below for a specific way of doing this.)</p>
+
+<h4>4. A note about names</h4>
+<p>
+NPL stands for Netscape Public License, but GPL does not stand for GNU
+Public License. The full name of our license is the GNU General
+Public License, abbreviated GNU GPL. Sometimes people leave out the
+word “GNU” and write just GPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+(This is not a problem, just a fact that you should know.)</p>
+
+<h4>Conclusion</h4>
+
+<p>
+Since problem 3 is the most serious, I hope that people will politely
+and rationally explain to Netscape the importance of solving it.
+Solutions are available; they just have to decide to use them.</p>
+
+<p>
+Here is a possible way to permit linking NPL-covered code and
+GPL-covered code together. It can be done by adding these two
+paragraphs to the NPL:</p>
+
+<pre>
+A.1. You may distribute a Covered Work under the terms of the GNU
+ General Public License, version 2 or newer, as published by the
+ Free Software Foundation, when it is included in a Larger Work
+ which is as a whole distributed under the terms of the same
+ version of the GNU General Public License.
+
+A.2. If you have received a copy of a Larger Work under the terms of a
+ version or a choice of versions of the GNU General Public
+ License, and you make modifications to some NPL-covered portions
+ of this Larger Work, you have the option of altering these
+ portions to say that their distribution terms are that version or
+ that choice of versions of GNU General Public License.
+</pre>
+<p>
+This allows people to combine NPL-covered code with GPL-covered code,
+and to distribute the combined work under the terms of the GNU GPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+It permits people to release modifications to such combined works
+under the terms of the GNU GPL—but the easiest way to release
+them is under the NPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+When people take advantage of A.2, their changes will be released only
+under the terms of the GNU GPL; so these changes would not be
+available for Netscape to use in proprietary versions. It makes sense
+that Netscape would see this as unfortunate.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the NPL gives proprietary software developers an easy way to
+make their changes entirely unavailable to Netscape—by putting
+their code into separate files and calling the combination a Larger
+Work. In fact, this is easier, for them, than A.2 is for GPL
+users.</p>
+
+<p>
+If Netscape feels it can live with the trouble of (effectively)
+proprietary modifications, surely the trouble of GPL-covered
+modifications is a small by comparison. If Netscape believes that
+practical considerations will encourage most of the proprietary
+software world to release its changes back to Netscape, without being
+compelled to, the same reasons ought to apply in the free software
+world as well. Netscape should recognize that this change is
+acceptable, and adopt it, to avoid confronting free software
+developers with a serious dilemma.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1998, 2003, 2007, Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:30 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/netscape.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/netscape.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/netscape.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/netscape.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:30 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Netscape
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape.translist" -->
+<h2>Netscape and Free Software</h2>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<blockquote>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"> More recent news about
Netscape</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>People have been writing with joy to tell us that Netscape has
+announced a plan to make its browser free software, under the GNU GPL.</p>
+
+<p>That is getting a bit ahead of events. The announcement Netscape made
+does not actually say that they will use the GNU GPL, and does not
+assert that the program will
+be <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> as we define
+it in our community. It's clear that Netscape will take a big step in
+the direction of free software, but we don't know whether they will
+get all the way there or fall substantially short. In fact, Netscape
+is still deciding what to do.</p>
+
+<p>When they decide, two crucial questions will be whether people will be
+free to distribute copies for a fee (on free software CD-ROM
+collections, for example) and whether people will be free to
+redistribute modified versions just like the original version. If
+either of those freedoms is lacking, the program won't be free
+software.</p>
+
+<p>If Netscape does release the Netscape browser as free software, that
+will be a great day for the free software movement. But rather than
+rejoicing or criticizing now, let's see what actually happens, and
+then we'll know whether to celebrate. What we can usefully do now is
+urge Netscape, calmly and politely, to make the software free, and to
+copyleft it with the <a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public
+License</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
+
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:30 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right, cf. -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/netscape.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/not-ipr.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/not-ipr.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/not-ipr.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/not-ipr.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:31 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
+<h2>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+
+<p>
+It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and
+trademarks—three separate and different entities involving three
+separate and different sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into
+one pot and call it “intellectual property”. The
+distorting and confusing term did not become common by accident.
+Companies that gain from the confusion promoted it. The clearest way
+out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School,
+the widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is
+a fashion that followed the 1967 founding of the World “Intellectual
+Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in recent
+years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents the
+interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.) Wide use
dates from
+<a
href="http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1";>around
+1990</a>. (<a href="/graphics/seductivemirage.png">Local image copy</a>)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The term carries a bias that is not hard to see: it suggests thinking
+about copyright, patents and trademarks by analogy with property
+rights for physical objects. (This analogy is at odds with the legal
+philosophies of copyright law, of patent law, and of trademark law,
+but only specialists know that.) These laws are in fact not much like
+physical property law, but use of this term leads legislators to
+change them to be more so. Since that is the change desired by the
+companies that exercise copyright, patent and trademark powers, the
+bias introduced by the term “intellectual property” suits them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The bias is reason enough to reject the term, and people have often
+asked me to propose some other name for the overall category—or
+have proposed their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions
+include IMPs, for Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for
+Government-Originated Legally Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of
+“exclusive rights regimes”, but referring to restrictions
+as “rights” is doublethink too.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Some of these alternative names would be an improvement, but it is a
+mistake to replace “intellectual property” with any other
+term. A different name will not address the term's deeper problem:
+overgeneralization. There is no such unified thing as
+“intellectual property”—it is a mirage. The only
+reason people think it makes sense as a coherent category is that
+widespread use of the term has misled them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The term “intellectual property” is at best a catch-all to
+lump together disparate laws. Nonlawyers who hear one term applied to
+these various laws tend to assume they are based on a common
+principle and function similarly.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Nothing could be further from the case.
+These laws originated separately, evolved differently, cover different
+activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art, and covers
+the details of expression of a work. Patent law was intended to
+promote the publication of useful ideas, at the price of giving the
+one who publishes an idea a temporary monopoly over it—a price
+that may be worth paying in some fields and not in others.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular
+way of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are
+buying. Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual
+property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides
+incentives for advertising.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Since these laws developed independently, they are different in every
+detail, as well as in their basic purposes and methods. Thus, if you
+learn some fact about copyright law, you'd be wise to assume that
+patent law is different. You'll rarely go wrong!
+</p>
+
+<p>
+People often say “intellectual property” when they really
+mean some larger or smaller category. For instance, rich countries
+often impose unjust laws on poor countries to squeeze money out of
+them. Some of these laws are “intellectual property” laws,
+and others are not; nonetheless, critics of the practice often grab
+for that label because it has become familiar to them. By using it,
+they misrepresent the nature of the issue. It would be better to use
+an accurate term, such as “legislative colonization”, that
+gets to the heart of the matter.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law
+professors who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the
+seductiveness of the term “intellectual property”, and
+make general statements that conflict with facts they know. For
+example, one professor wrote in 2006:
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Unlike their descendants who now work the floor at WIPO, the framers
+of the US constitution had a principled, procompetitive attitude to
+intellectual property. They knew rights might be necessary,
+but…they tied congress's hands, restricting its power in
+multiple ways.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+That statement refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US
+Constitution, which authorizes copyright law and patent law. That
+clause, though, has nothing to do with trademark law or various
+others. The term “intellectual property” led that
+professor to make false generalization.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The term “intellectual property” also leads to simplistic
+thinking. It leads people to focus on the meager commonality in form
+that these disparate laws have—that they create artificial
+privileges for certain parties—and to disregard the details
+which form their substance: the specific restrictions each law places
+on the public, and the consequences that result. This simplistic focus
+on the form encourages an “economistic” approach to all
+these issues.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Economics operates here, as it often does, as a vehicle for unexamined
+assumptions. These include assumptions about values, such as that
+amount of production matters while freedom and way of life do not,
+and factual assumptions which are mostly false, such as that
+copyrights on music supports musicians, or that patents on drugs
+support life-saving research.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term
“intellectual
+property”, the specific issues raised by the various laws become
+nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics of each
+law—precisely what the term “intellectual property”
+encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue relating to
+copyright law is whether music sharing should be allowed; patent law
+has nothing to do with this. Patent law raises issues such as whether
+poor countries should be allowed to produce life-saving drugs and sell
+them cheaply to save lives; copyright law has nothing to do with such
+matters.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Neither of these issues is solely economic in nature, and their
+noneconomic aspects are very different; using the shallow economic
+overgeneralization as the basis for considering them means ignoring the
+differences. Putting the two laws in the “intellectual
+property” pot obstructs clear thinking about each one.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Thus, any opinions about “the issue of intellectual
+property” and any generalizations about this supposed category
+are almost surely foolish. If you think all those laws are one issue,
+you will tend to choose your opinions from a selection of sweeping
+overgeneralizations, none of which is any good.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, or
+copyrights, or trademarks, or various other different laws, the first
+step is to
+forget the idea of lumping them together, and treat them as separate
+topics. The second step is to reject the narrow perspectives and
+simplistic picture the term “intellectual property”
+suggests. Consider each of these issues separately, in its fullness,
+and you have a chance of considering them well.
+</p>
+
+<p>And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a
+href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>one proposal for
+changing the name and substance of WIPO</a>.
+
+</p>
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:31 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- Please use xhtml normative character entities, instead of -->
+<!-- non-w3c entities. xhtml should be XML compliant -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Afrikaans -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.af.html">Afrikaans</a> [af]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.es.html">Español</a>
[es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
-->
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Tamil -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011
09:29:31 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
+
+<h2>Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>When we call software “free,” we mean that it respects
+the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">users' essential freedoms</a>:
+the freedom to run it, to study and change it, and to redistribute
+copies with or without changes. This is a matter of freedom, not
+price, so think of “free speech,” not “free
+beer.”</p>
+
+<p>These freedoms are vitally important. They are essential, not just
+for the individual users' sake, but for society as a whole because they
promote social
+solidarity—that is, sharing and cooperation. They become even
+more important as our culture and life activities are increasingly digitized.
+In a world of digital sounds, images, and words, free
+software becomes increasingly essential for freedom in general.</p>
+
+<p>Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software;
+the public schools of some regions of India and Spain now teach all students to
+use the free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux operating
+system</a>. Most of these users, however, have never heard of the ethical
+reasons for which we developed this system and built the free software
+community, because nowadays this system and community are more often
+spoken of as “open source”, attributing them to a different
+philosophy in which these freedoms are hardly mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>The free software movement has campaigned for computer users'
+freedom since 1983. In 1984 we launched the development of the free
+operating system GNU, so that we could avoid the nonfree operating systems
that deny freedom to their users. During the 1980s, we developed most
+of the essential components of the system and designed
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) to
release them under—a
+license designed specifically to protect freedom for all users of a
+program.</p>
+
+<p>Not all of the users and developers of free software
+agreed with the goals of the free software movement. In 1998, a part
+of the free software community splintered off and began campaigning in
+the name of “open source.” The term was originally
+proposed to avoid a possible misunderstanding of the term “free
+software,” but it soon became associated with philosophical
+views quite different from those of the free software movement.</p>
+
+<p>Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a
+“marketing campaign for free software,” which would appeal
+to business executives by highlighting the software's practical benefits,
while not raising issues of right and wrong that they might not like to hear.
Other
+supporters flatly rejected the free software movement's ethical and
+social values. Whichever their views, when campaigning for
+open source, they neither cited nor advocated those values.
+The term “open source” quickly became associated with
+ideas and arguments based only on practical values, such as making or having
powerful,
+reliable software. Most of the supporters of open
+source have come to it since then, and they make the same association.</p>
+
+<p>Nearly all open source software is free software. The two terms
+describe almost the same category of software, but they stand for
+views based on fundamentally different values. Open source is a
+development methodology; free software is a social movement. For the
+free software movement, free software is an ethical imperative,
+because only free software respects the users' freedom. By contrast,
+the philosophy of open source considers issues in terms of how to make
+software “better”—in a practical sense only. It
+says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the practical
+problem at hand. For the free software movement, however, nonfree
+software is a social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and
+move to free software.</p>
+
+<p>“Free software.” “Open source.” If it's the same
software, does it
+matter which name you use? Yes, because different words convey
+different ideas. While a free program by any other name would give
+you the same freedom today, establishing freedom in a lasting way
+depends above all on teaching people to value freedom. If you want to
+help do this, it is essential to speak of “free
+software.”</p>
+
+<p>We in the free software movement don't think of the open source
+camp as an enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software. But
+we want people to know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being
+mislabeled as open source supporters.</p>
+
+<h3>Common Misunderstandings of “Free Software” and
+“Open Source”</h3>
+
+<p>The term “free software” is prone to misinterpretation:
+an unintended meaning, “software you can get
+for zero price,” fits the term just as well as the intended
+meaning, “software which gives the user certain freedoms.”
+We address this problem by publishing the definition of free software,
+and by saying “Think of ‘free speech,’ not ‘free
beer.’” This
+is not a perfect solution; it cannot completely eliminate the problem.
+An unambiguous and correct term would be better, if it didn't present other
+problems.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of
+their own. We've looked at many that people have
+suggested, but none is so clearly “right” that switching
+to it would be a good idea. (For instance, in some contexts the
+French and Spanish word “libre” works well, but people in India do
not
+recognize it at all.) Every proposed replacement for
+“free software” has some kind of semantic
+problem—and this includes “open source
+software.”</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="http://opensource.org/docs/osd";>official definition of
+“open source software”</a> (which is published by the Open
+Source Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived
+indirectly from our criteria for free software. It is not the same;
+it is a little looser in some respects, so the open source people have
+accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive.
+Also, they judge solely by the license of the source code, whereas our
+criterion also considers whether a device will let you <em>run</em>
+your modified version of the program. Nonetheless, their definition
+agrees with our definition in most cases.</p>
+
+<p>However, the obvious meaning for the expression “open source
+software”—and the one most people seem to think it
+means—is “You can look at the source code.” That
+criterion is much weaker than the free software definition, much
+weaker also than the official definition of open source. It includes
+many programs that are neither free nor open source.</p>
+
+<p>Since that obvious meaning for “open source” is not the
+meaning that its advocates intend, the result is that most people
+misunderstand the term. According to writer Neal Stephenson,
+“Linux is ‘open source’ software meaning, simply,
+that anyone can get copies of its source code files.” I don't
+think he deliberately sought to reject or dispute the
+“official” definition. I think he simply applied the
+conventions of the English language to come up with a meaning for the
+term. The state of Kansas published a similar definition:
+<!-- It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
+that page is no longer available. --> “Make use of open-source
+software (OSS). OSS is software for which the source code is freely
+and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary
+as to what one is allowed to do with that code.”</p>
+
+<p>The <i>New York Times</i>
+has <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>
+run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</a> to refer to
+user beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and
+give confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers
+have practiced for decades.</p>
+
+<p>Open source supporters try to deal with this by pointing to their
+official definition, but that corrective approach is less effective
+for them than it is for us. The term “free software” has
+two natural meanings, one of which is the intended meaning, so a
+person who has grasped the idea of “free speech, not free
+beer” will not get it wrong again. But the term “open
+source” has only one natural meaning, which is different from
+the meaning its supporters intend. So there is no succinct way to
+explain and justify its official definition. That makes for worse
confusion.</p>
+
+<p>Another misunderstanding of “open source” is the idea
+that it means “not using the GNU GPL.” This tends to
+accompany another misunderstanding that “free software”
+means “GPL-covered software.” These are both mistaken,
+since the GNU GPL qualifies as an open source license and most of
+the open source licenses qualify as free software licenses.</p>
+
+<p>The term “open source” has been further stretched by
+its application to other activities, such as government, education,
+and science, where there is no such thing as source code, and where
+criteria for software licensing are simply not pertinent. The only
+thing these activities have in common is that they somehow invite
+people to participate. They stretch the term so far that it only means
+“participatory”.</p>
+
+<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions…but Not Always</h3>
+
+<p>Radical groups in the 1960s had a reputation for factionalism: some
+organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy,
+and the two daughter groups treated each other as enemies despite
+having similar basic goals and values. The right wing made much of
+this and used it to criticize the entire left.</p>
+
+<p>Some try to disparage the free software movement by comparing our
+disagreement with open source to the disagreements of those radical
+groups. They have it backwards. We disagree with the open source
+camp on the basic goals and values, but their views and ours lead in
+many cases to the same practical behavior—such as developing
+free software.</p>
+
+<p>As a result, people from the free software movement and the open
+source camp often work together on practical projects such as software
+development. It is remarkable that such different philosophical views
+can so often motivate different people to participate in the same
+projects. Nonetheless, there are situations where these fundamentally
+different views lead to very different actions.</p>
+
+<p>The idea of open source is that allowing users to change and
+redistribute the software will make it more powerful and reliable.
+But this is not guaranteed. Developers of proprietary software are
+not necessarily incompetent. Sometimes they produce a program that
+is powerful and reliable, even though it does not respect the users'
+freedom. Free software activists and open source enthusiasts will
+react very differently to that.</p>
+
+<p>A pure open source enthusiast, one that is not at all influenced by
+the ideals of free software, will say, “I am surprised you were able
+to make the program work so well without using our development model,
+but you did. How can I get a copy?” This attitude will reward
+schemes that take away our freedom, leading to its loss.</p>
+
+<p>The free software activist will say, “Your program is very
+attractive, but I value my freedom more. So I reject your program.
+Instead I will support a project to develop a free
+replacement.” If we value our freedom, we can act to maintain and
+defend it.</p>
+
+<h3>Powerful, Reliable Software Can Be Bad</h3>
+
+<p>The idea that we want software to be powerful and reliable comes
+from the supposition that the software is designed to serve its users.
+If it is powerful and reliable, that means it serves them better.</p>
+
+<p>But software can be said to serve its users only if it respects
+their freedom. What if the software is designed to put chains on its
+users? Then powerfulness means the chains are more constricting,
+and reliability that they are harder to remove. Malicious features,
+such as spying on the users, restricting the users, back doors, and
+imposed upgrades are common in proprietary software, and some open
+source supporters want to implement them in open source programs.</p>
+
+<p>Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for
+individuals to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict
+them. This malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions
+Management (DRM) (see <a
+href="http://defectivebydesign.org/";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is
+the antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims
+to provide. And not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to
+trample your freedom, DRM developers try to make it hard, impossible,
+or even illegal for you to change the software that implements the DRM.</p>
+
+<p>Yet some open source supporters have proposed “open source
+DRM” software. Their idea is that, by publishing the source code
+of programs designed to restrict your access to encrypted media and by
+allowing others to change it, they will produce more powerful and
+reliable software for restricting users like you. The software would then be
+delivered to you in devices that do not allow you to change it.</p>
+
+<p>This software might be open source and use the open
+source development model, but it won't be free software since it
+won't respect the freedom of the users that actually run it. If the
+open source development model succeeds in making this software more
+powerful and reliable for restricting you, that will make it even
+worse.</p>
+
+<h3>Fear of Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>The main initial motivation of those who split off the open source
+camp from the free software movement was that the ethical ideas of
+“free software” made some people uneasy. That's true: raising
ethical issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as
+convenience, is asking people to think about things they might prefer
+to ignore, such as whether their conduct is ethical. This can trigger
+discomfort, and some people may simply close their minds to it. It
+does not follow that we ought to stop talking about these issues.</p>
+
+<p>That is, however, what the leaders of open source
+decided to do. They figured that by keeping quiet about ethics and
+freedom, and talking only about the immediate practical benefits of
+certain free software, they might be able to “sell” the
+software more effectively to certain users, especially business.</p>
+
+<p>This approach has proved effective, in its own terms. The rhetoric
+of open source has convinced many businesses and individuals to use,
+and even develop, free software, which has extended our
+community—but only at the superficial, practical level. The
+philosophy of open source, with its purely practical values, impedes
+understanding of the deeper ideas of free software; it brings many
+people into our community, but does not teach them to defend it. That
+is good, as far as it goes, but it is not enough to make freedom
+secure. Attracting users to free software takes them just part of the
+way to becoming defenders of their own freedom.</p>
+
+<p>Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to
+proprietary software for some practical advantage. Countless
+companies seek to offer such temptation, some even offering copies
+gratis. Why would users decline? Only if they have learned to value
+the freedom free software gives them, to value freedom in and of itself rather
+than the technical and practical convenience of specific free
+software. To spread this idea, we have to talk about freedom. A
+certain amount of the “keep quiet” approach to business can be
+useful for the community, but it is dangerous if it becomes so common
+that the love of freedom comes to seem like an eccentricity.</p>
+
+<p>That dangerous situation is exactly what we have. Most people
+involved with free software, especially its distributors, say little about
freedom—usually
+because they seek to be “more acceptable to business.”
+Nearly all
+GNU/Linux operating system distributions add proprietary packages to
+the basic free system, and they invite users to consider this an
+advantage rather than a flaw.</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary add-on software and partially nonfree GNU/Linux
+distributions find fertile ground because most of our community does
+not insist on freedom with its software. This is no coincidence.
+Most GNU/Linux users were introduced to the system through “open
+source” discussion, which doesn't say that freedom is a goal.
+The practices that don't uphold freedom and the words that don't talk
+about freedom go hand in hand, each promoting the other. To overcome
+this tendency, we need more, not less, talk about freedom.</p>
+
+<h3>Conclusion</h3>
+
+<p>As the advocates of open source draw new users into our community,
+we free software activists must shoulder the task of bringing the issue
+of freedom to their attention. We have to say, “It's
+free software and it gives you freedom!”—more and louder
+than ever. Every time you say “free software” rather than
+“open source,” you help our campaign.</p>
+
+<h4>Notes</h4>
+
+<p>
+Joe Barr's article,
+<a href="http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4";>“Live and
+let license,”</a> gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
+
+<p>
+Lakhani and Wolf's
+<a
href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>paper
on the
+motivation of free software developers</a> says that a considerable
+fraction are motivated by the view that software should be free. This
+is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on SourceForge,
+a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical issue.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:31 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
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+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
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+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:32
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>A Response Letter to the Word Attachments</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, general, public, license,
gpl, general public license, freedom, software, power, rights, word,
attachment, word attachment, microsoft" />
+ <meta http-equiv="Description" content="This essay explains why Microsoft
Word attachments to email are bad, and describes what you can do to help stop
this practice." />
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/papadopoulos-response.translist" -->
+<h2>A Response Letter to the Word Attachments</h2>
+
+<p>From: Alexandros Papadopoulos</p>
+<p>
+I'm sorry, but I was unable to read the Microsoft Word document you sent
+me. Microsoft has been steadily changing the .doc format over the
+releases of Microsoft Word (4.0, 95, 97, 2000, and now XP). Microsoft
+has also intentionally refused to release the specification of the .doc
+format to the community, making Microsoft Word the only application
+that can reliably open this format. There is the Microsoft
+Word Viewer application, but it only runs on Microsoft Windows
+operating systems and does not allow one to edit the document.
+</p><p>
+The development team that designed the software I choose to use
+(OpenOffice.org), has tried hard to figure out how the .doc format is
+created and interpreted, in order to make it available to more people.
+They believe that all people should be able to exchange information
+electronically, and .doc is one of the most common formats. So, they
+tried to make OpenOffice.org, the main competitor to Microsoft's own
+Office suite, as compatible as possible with Microsoft's own formats.
+But Microsoft did not like this, because it would mean that people that
+have not bought Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office would be able to
+read and write .doc documents.
+</p><p>
+Unfortunately, it seems that Microsoft is sometimes successful. My
+non-Microsoft application was unable to open the .doc document you sent
+me. As a result, we cannot exchange information, until one of the
+following happens:
+</p><p>
+[0] The information intended to be read/processed by me is converted to
+an open format that people who don't use Microsoft Windows and Microsoft
+Office are able to process.
+</p><p>
+[1] I purchase and install Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Word, and by
+deduction all other Microsoft applications necessary to do my work.
+</p><p>
+Because it will be a cold day in hell before I do the latter, I would
+suggest we find a different way of exchanging information
+electronically.
+</p><p>
+--A
+</p><p>
+PS: I hope you realize that I have nothing against you as a person. I
+just can't use the document you sent me, and I tried to explain why the
+implicit assumption that I would be able to read it, was mistaken.
+</p><p>
+PPS: When I tried to open the document you sent to me, my word processor
+crashed, obviously unable to properly interpret the .doc format. My
+word processor was handling 4 other documents at the time. Two of them
+were assignments, and all changes I had not saved were lost. On
+aggregate, about two hours of my work were lost because the
+OpenOffice.org developers were unable to overcome the barriers Microsoft
+put in place, and render the document properly. I believe they are the
+last to blame for this failure.
+</p><p>
+PPPS: For further reasons why .doc should not be the format of choice
+when exchanging information electronically, I invite you to read
+<a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>. It may be
+long, but it certainly exposes the compromises both you, as the
+sender, and I, as the receiver, are making by exchanging Microsoft
+Word documents.
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Last updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:32 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
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+<!-- </div> -->
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+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/pirate-party.cs-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:32 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>How the Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist" -->
+<h2>How the Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+
+<p>The bullying of the copyright industry in Sweden inspired the
+launch of the first political party whose platform is to reduce
+copyright restrictions: the Pirate Party. Its platform includes the
+prohibition of Digital Restrictions Management, legalization of
+noncommercial sharing of published works, and shortening of copyright
+for commercial use to a five-year period. Five years after
+publication, any published work would go into the public domain.</p>
+
+<p>I support these changes, in general; but the specific combination
+chosen by the Swedish Pirate Party backfires ironically in the special
+case of free software. I'm sure that they did not intend to hurt free
+software, but that's what would happen.</p>
+
+<p>The GNU General Public License and other copyleft licenses use
+copyright law to defend freedom for every user. The GPL permits
+everyone to publish modified works, but only under the same license.
+Redistribution of the unmodified work must also preserve the license.
+And all redistributors must give users access to the software's source
+code.</p>
+
+<p>How would the Swedish Pirate Party's platform affect copylefted
+free software? After five years, its source code would go into the
+public domain, and proprietary software developers would be able to
+include it in their programs. But what about the reverse case?</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary software is restricted by EULAs, not just by copyright,
+and the users don't have the source code. Even if copyright permits
+noncommercial sharing, the EULA may forbid it. In addition, the
+users, not having the source code, do not control what the program
+does when they run it. To run such a program is to surrender your
+freedom and give the developer control over you.</p>
+
+<p>So what would be the effect of terminating this program's copyright
+after 5 years? This would not require the developer to release source
+code, and presumably most will never do so. Users, still denied the
+source code, would still be unable to use the program in freedom. The
+program could even have a “time bomb” in it to make it
+stop working after 5 years, in which case the “public
+domain” copies would not run at all.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, the Pirate Party's proposal would give proprietary software
+developers the use of GPL-covered source code after 5 years, but it
+would not give free software developers the use of proprietary source
+code, not after 5 years or even 50 years. The Free World would get
+the bad, but not the good. The difference between source code and
+object code and the practice of using EULAs would give proprietary
+software an effective exception from the general rule of 5-year
+copyright — one that free software does not share.</p>
+
+<p>We also use copyright to partially deflect the danger of software
+patents. We cannot make our programs safe from them — no
+program is ever safe from software patents in a country which allows
+them — but at least we prevent them from being used to make the
+program effectively non-free. The Swedish Pirate Party proposes to
+abolish software patents, and if that is done, this issue would go
+away. But until that is achieved, we must not lose our only defense
+for protection from patents.</p>
+
+<p>Once the Swedish Pirate Party had announced its platform, free
+software developers noticed this effect and began proposing a special
+rule for free software: to make copyright last longer for free
+software, so that it can continue to be copylefted. This explicit
+exception for free software would counterbalance the effective
+exception for proprietary software. Even ten years ought to be
+enough, I think. However, the proposal met with resistance from the
+Pirate Party's leaders, who objected to the idea of a longer copyright
+for a special case.</p>
+
+<p>I could support a law that would make GPL-covered software's source
+code available in the public domain after 5 years, provided it has the
+same effect on proprietary software's source code. After all,
+copyleft is a means to an end (users' freedom), not an end in itself.
+And I'd rather not be an advocate for a stronger copyright.</p>
+
+<p>So I proposed that the Pirate Party platform require proprietary
+software's source code to be put in escrow when the binaries are
+released. The escrowed source code would then be released in the
+public domain after 5 years. Rather than making free software an
+official exception to the 5-year copyright rule, this would eliminate
+proprietary software's unofficial exception. Either way, the result
+is fair.</p>
+
+<p>A Pirate Party supporter proposed a more general variant of the
+first suggestion: a general scheme to make copyright last longer as
+the public is granted more freedoms in using the work. The advantage
+of this is that free software becomes part of a general pattern of
+varying copyright term, rather than a lone exception.</p>
+
+<p>I'd prefer the escrow solution, but any of these methods would
+avoid a prejudicial effect specifically against free software. There
+may be other solutions that would also do the job. One way or
+another, the Pirate Party of Sweden should avoid placing a handicap on
+a movement to defend the public from marauding giants.</p>
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-No
+Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this
+license,
+visit <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/</a>
+or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300,
+San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:32 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
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+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
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Index: philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.ru-en.html
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist" -->
+
+<h2>Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail</h2>
+
+<pre>
+ Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail
+ [Published in Oregon Law Review, Spring 1996]
+
+ Richard Stallman
+</pre>
+
+<p>The legal world is aware that digital information technology poses
+“problems for copyright,” but has not traced these
+problems to their root cause: a fundamental conflict between
+publishers of copyrighted works and the users of these works. The
+publishers, understanding their own interest, have set forth a
+proposal through the Clinton Administration to fix the
+“problems” by deciding the conflict in their favor. This
+proposal, the Lehman White Paper <a href="#ft2">[2]</a>, was the
+principal focus of the “Innovation and the Information
+Environment” conference at the University of Oregon (November
+1995).</p>
+
+<p>John Perry Barlow <a href="#ft3">[3]</a>, the keynote speaker,
+began the conference by telling us how the Greatful Dead recognized
+and dealt with this conflict. They decided it would be wrong to
+interfere with copying of their performances on tapes, or with
+distribution on the Internet, but saw nothing wrong in enforcing
+copyright for CD recordings of their music.</p>
+
+<p>Barlow did not analyze the reasons for treating these media
+differently, and later Gary Glisson <a href="#ft4">[4]</a> criticized
+Barlow's idea that the Internet is inexplicably unique and unlike
+anything else in the world. He argued that we should be able to
+determine the implications of the Internet for copyright policy by the
+same kind of analysis that we apply to other technologies. This paper
+attempts to do just that.</p>
+
+<p>Barlow suggested that our intuitions based on physical objects as
+property do not transfer to information as property because
+information is “abstract.” As Steven
+Winter <a href="#ft5">[5]</a> remarked, abstract property has existed
+for centuries. Shares in a company, commodity futures, and even paper
+money, are forms of property that are more or less abstract. Barlow
+and others who argue that information should be free do not reject
+these other kinds of abstract property. Clearly, the crucial
+difference between information and acceptable kinds of property is not
+abstractness per se. So what is it? I propose a simple and practical
+explanation.</p>
+
+<p>United States copyright law considers copyright a bargain between
+the public and “authors” (although in practice, usually
+publishers take over the authors' part of the bargain). The public
+trades certain freedoms in exchange for more published works to
+enjoy. Until the White Paper, our government had never proposed that
+the public should trade <b>all</b> of its freedom to use published
+works. Copyright involves giving up specific freedoms and retaining
+others. This means that there are many alternative bargains that the
+public could offer to publishers. So which bargain is the best one for
+the public? Which freedoms are worth while for the public to trade,
+and for what length of time? The answers depend on two things: how
+much additional publication the public will get for trading a given
+freedom, and how much the public benefits from keeping that
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p>This shows why making <a href="#later-1">intellectual property
+decisions</a> by analogy to physical object property, or even to older
+intellectual property policies, is a mistake. Winter argued
+persuasively that it is possible to make such analogies, to stretch
+our old concepts and apply them to new decisions <a href=
+"#ft6">[6]</a>. Surely this will reach some answer—but not a
+good answer. Analogy is not a useful way of deciding what to buy or at
+what price.</p>
+
+<p>For example, we do not decide whether to build a highway in New
+York City by analogy with a previous decision about a proposed highway
+in Iowa. In each highway construction decision, the same factors apply
+(cost, amount of traffic, taking of land or houses); if we made
+highway decisions by analogy to previous highway decisions, we would
+either build every proposed highway or none of them. Instead we judge
+each proposed highway based on the pros and cons, whose magnitudes
+vary from case to case. In copyright issues, too, we must weigh the
+cost and benefits for today's situation and today's media, not as they
+have applied to other media in the past.</p>
+
+<p>This also shows why Laurence Tribe's principle, that rights
+concerning speech should not depend on the choice of
+medium<a href="#ft7">[7]</a>, is not applicable to copyright
+decisions. Copyright is a bargain with the public, not a natural
+right. Copyright policy issues are about which bargains benefit the
+public, not about what rights publishers or readers are entitled
+to.</p>
+
+<p>The copyright system developed along with the printing press. In
+the age of the printing press, it was unfeasible for an ordinary
+reader to copy a book. Copying a book required a printing press, and
+ordinary readers did not have one. What's more, copying in this way
+was absurdly expensive unless many copies were made—which means,
+in effect, that only a publisher could copy a book economically.</p>
+
+<p>So when the public traded to publishers the freedom to copy books,
+they were selling something which they <b>could not use</b>. Trading
+something you cannot use for something useful and helpful is always
+good deal. Therefore, copyright was uncontroversial in the age of the
+printing press, precisely because it did not restrict anything the
+reading public might commonly do.</p>
+
+<p>But the age of the printing press is gradually ending. The xerox
+machine and the audio and video tape began the change; digital
+information technology brings it to fruition. These advances make it
+possible for ordinary people, not just publishers with specialized
+equipment, to copy. And they do!</p>
+
+<p>Once copying is a useful and practical activity for ordinary
+people, they are no longer so willing to give up the freedom to do
+it. They want to keep this freedom and exercise it instead of trading
+it away. The copyright bargain that we have is no longer a good deal
+for the public, and it is time to revise it—time for the law to
+recognize the public benefit that comes from making and sharing
+copies.</p>
+
+<p>With this analysis, we see why rejection of the old copyright
+bargain is not based on supposing that the Internet is ineffably
+unique. The Internet is relevant because it facilitates copying and
+sharing of writings by ordinary readers. The easier it is to copy and
+share, the more useful it becomes, and the more copyright as it stands
+now becomes a bad deal.</p>
+
+<p>This analysis also explains why it makes sense for the Grateful
+Dead to insist on copyright for CD manufacturing but not for
+individual copying. CD production works like the printing press; it is
+not feasible today for ordinary people, even computer owners, to copy
+a CD into another CD. Thus, copyright for publishing CDs of music
+remains painless for music listeners, just as all copyright was
+painless in the age of the printing press. To restrict copying the
+same music onto a digital audio tape does hurt the listeners, however,
+and they are entitled to reject this restriction. (1999 note: the
+practical situation for CDs has changed, in that many ordinary
+computer users can now copy CDs. This means that we should now
+consider CDs more like tapes. 2007 clarification: notwithstanding the
+improvement in CD technology, it still makes sense to apply copyright
+to commercial distribution while letting individuals copy freely.)</p>
+
+<p>We can also see why the abstractness
+of <a href="#later-1">intellectual property</a> is not the crucial
+factor. Other forms of abstract property represent shares of
+something. Copying any kind of share is intrinsically a zero-sum
+activity; the person who copies benefits only by taking wealth away
+from everyone else. Copying a dollar bill in a color copier is
+effectively equivalent to shaving a small fraction off of every other
+dollar and adding these fractions together to make one
+dollar. Naturally, we consider this wrong.</p>
+
+<p>By contrast, copying useful, enlightening or entertaining
+information for a friend makes the world happier and better off; it
+benefits the friend, and inherently hurts no one. It is a constructive
+activity that strengthens social bonds.</p>
+
+<p>Some readers may question this statement because they know
+publishers claim that illegal copying causes them “loss.”
+This claim is mostly inaccurate and partly misleading. More
+importantly, it is begging the question.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>The claim is mostly inaccurate because it presupposes that the
+ friend would otherwise have bought a copy from the publisher. That
+ is occasionally true, but more often false; and when it is false,
+ the claimed loss does not occur.</li>
+
+ <li>The claim is partly misleading because the word
+ “loss” suggests events of a very different
+ nature—events in which something they have is taken away from
+ them. For example, if the bookstore's stock of books were burned, or
+ if the money in the register got torn up, that would really be a
+ “loss.” We generally agree it is wrong to do these
+ things to other people.
+
+ <p>But when your friend avoids the need to buy a copy of a book,
+ the bookstore and the publisher do not lose anything they had. A
+ more fitting description would be that the bookstore and publisher
+ get less income than they might have got. The same consequence can
+ result if your friend decides to play bridge instead of reading a
+ book. In a free market system, no business is entitled to cry
+ “foul” just because a potential customer chooses not
+ to deal with them.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>The claim is begging the question because the idea of
+ “loss” is based on the assumption that the publisher
+ “should have” got paid. That is based on the assumption
+ that copyright exists and prohibits individual copying. But that is
+ just the issue at hand: what should copyright cover? If the public
+ decides it can share copies, then the publisher is not entitled to
+ expect to be paid for each copy, and so cannot claim there is a
+ “loss” when it is not.
+
+ <p>In other words, the “loss” comes from the copyright
+ system; it is not an inherent part of copying. Copying in itself
+ hurts no one.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The most widely opposed provision of the White Paper is the system
+of collective responsibility, whereby a computer owner is required to
+monitor and control the activities of all users, on pain of being
+punished for actions in which he was not a participant but merely
+failed to actively prevent. Tim Sloan <a href="#ft8">[8]</a> pointed
+out that this gives copyright owners a privileged status not accorded
+to anyone else who might claim to be damaged by a computer user; for
+example, no one proposes to punish the computer owner if he fails
+actively to prevent a user from defaming someone. It is natural for a
+government to turn to collective responsibility for enforcing a law
+that many citizens do not believe in obeying. The more digital
+technology helps citizens share information, the more the government
+will need draconian methods to enforce copyright against ordinary
+citizens.</p>
+
+<p>When the United States Constitution was drafted, the idea that
+authors were entitled to a copyright monopoly was proposed—and
+rejected <a href="#ft9">[9]</a>. Instead, the founders of our country
+adopted a different idea of copyright, one which places the public
+first <a href="#ft10">[10]</a>. Copyright in the United States is
+supposed to exist for the sake of users; benefits for publishers and
+even for authors are not given for the sake of those parties, but only
+as an inducement to change their behavior. As the Supreme Court said
+in Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal: “The sole interest of the United
+States and the primary object in conferring the [copyright] monopoly
+lie in the general benefits derived by the public from the labors of
+authors.” <a href="#ft11">[11]</a></p>
+
+<p>Under the Constitution's view of copyright, if the public prefers
+to be able to make copies in certain cases even if that means somewhat
+fewer works are published, the public's choice is decisive. There is
+no possible justification for prohibiting the public from copying what
+it wants to copy.</p>
+
+<p>Ever since the constitutional decision was made, publishers have
+tried to reverse it by misinforming the public. They do this by
+repeating arguments which presuppose that copyright is a natural right
+of authors (not mentioning that authors almost always cede it to
+publishers). People who hear these arguments, unless they have a firm
+awareness that this presupposition is contrary to the basic premises
+of our legal system, take for granted that it is the basis of that
+system.</p>
+
+<p>This error is so ingrained today that people who oppose new
+copyright powers feel the need to do so by arguing that even authors
+and publishers may be hurt by them. Thus, James
+Boyle <a href="#ft12">[12]</a> explains how a
+strict <a href="#later-2">intellectual property system</a> can
+interfere with writing new works. Jessica
+Litman <a href="#ft13">[13]</a> cites the copyright shelters which
+historically allowed many new media to become popular. Pamela
+Samuelson <a href="#ft14">[14]</a> warns that the White Paper may
+block the development of “third-wave” information
+industries by locking the world into the “second-wave”
+economic model that fit the age of the printing press.</p>
+
+<p>These arguments can be very effective on those issues where they
+are available, especially with a Congress and Administration dominated
+by the idea that “What's good for General Media is good for the
+USA.” But they fail to expose the fundamental falsehood on which
+this domination is based; as a result, they are ineffective in the
+long term. When these arguments win one battle, they do so without
+building a general understanding that helps win the next battle. If we
+turn to these arguments too much and too often, the danger is that we
+may allow the publishers to replace the Constitution uncontested.</p>
+
+<p>For example, the recently published position statement of the
+Digital Future Coalition, an umbrella organization, lists many reasons
+to oppose the White Paper, for the sake of authors, libraries,
+education, poor Americans, technological progress, economic
+flexibility, and privacy concerns—all valid arguments, but
+concerned with side issues <a href="#ft15">[15]</a>. Conspicuously
+absent from the list is the most important reason of all: that many
+Americans (perhaps most) want to continue making copies. The DFC fails
+to criticize the core goal of the White Paper, which is to give more
+power to publishers, and its central decision, to reject the
+Constitution and place the publishers above the users. This silence
+may be taken for consent.</p>
+
+<p>Resisting the pressure for additional power for publishers depends
+on widespread awareness that the reading and listening public are
+paramount; that copyright exists for users and not vice versa. If the
+public is unwilling to accept certain copyright powers, that is ipso
+facto justification for not offering them. Only by reminding the
+public and the legislature of the purpose of copyright and the
+opportunity for the open flow of information can we ensure that the
+public prevails.</p>
+
+<h3>ENDNOTES</h3>
+
+<p id="ft2">[2] Informational Infrastructure Task
+Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information
+Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual
+Property Rights (1995).</p>
+
+<p id="ft3">[3] John Perry Barlow, Remarks at the
+Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+1995). Mr. Barlow is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier
+Foundation, an organization which promotes freedom of expression in
+digital media, and is also a former lyricist for the Grateful
+Dead.</p>
+
+<p id="ft4">[4] Gary Glisson, Remarks at the
+Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995);
+see also Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's Defense of the NII White
+Paper, 75 Or. L. Rev. (1996) (supporting the White Paper).
+Mr. Glisson is a partner and chair of the Intellectual Property Group
+at Lane Powell Spears Lubersky in Portland, Oregon.</p>
+
+<p id="ft5">[5] Steven Winter, Remarks at the
+Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+1995). Mr. Winter is a professor at the University of Miami School of
+Law.</p>
+
+<p id="ft6">[6] Winter, supra note 4.</p>
+
+<p id="ft7">[7] See Laurence H. Tribe, The
+Constitution in Cyberspace: Law and Liberty Beyond the Electronic
+Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at 15.</p>
+
+<p id="ft8">[8] Tim Sloan, Remarks at the Innovation
+and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Sloan is
+a member of the National Telecommunication and Information
+Administration.</p>
+
+<p id="ft9">[9] See Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two
+Copyrights: Liberary Property in Revolutionary France and America, in,
+Of Authors and Origins: Essays on Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad
+Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994) (stating that the
+Constitution's framers either meant to “subordinate[] the
+author's interests to the public benefit,” or to “treat
+the private and public interests…even-handedly.”).</p>
+
+<p id="ft10">[10] U.S. Const., art. I, p. 8, cl. 8
+(“Congress shall have Power…to promote the Progress of
+Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and
+Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
+Discoveries.”).</p>
+
+<p id="ft11">[11] 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932).</p>
+
+<p id="ft12">[12] James Boyle, Remarks at the
+Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+1995). Mr. Boyle is a Professor of Law at American University in
+Washington, D.C.</p>
+
+<p id="ft13">[13] Jessica Litman, Remarks at the
+Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+1995). Ms. Litman is a Professor at Wayne State University Law School
+in Detroit, Michigan.</p>
+
+<p id="ft14">[14] Pamela Samuelson, The Copyright
+Grab, Wired, Jan. 1996. Ms. Samuelson is a Professor at Cornell Law
+School.</p>
+
+<p id="ft15">[15] Digital Future Coalition,
+Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern Over Intellectual Property
+Proposals, Nov. 15, 1995<!-- (available at URL:
+<a
href="http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html";>http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html</a>)-->.</p>
+
+<h3>LATER NOTES</h3>
+
+<p id="later-1">[1] This article was part of the
+path that led me to recognize the <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
+bias and confusion in the term “intellectual
+property”</a>. Today I believe that term should never be used
+under any circumstances.</p>
+
+<p id="later-2">[2] Here I fell into the
+fashionable error of writing “intellectual property” when
+what I meant was just “copyright”. This is like writing
+“Europe” when you mean “France”—it
+causes confusion that is easy to avoid.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1999 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:33 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
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Index: philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.ru-en.html
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RCS file: philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.ru-en.html
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1.1
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Selling Exceptions</title>
+<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/selling-exceptions"; />
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling-exceptions.translist" -->
+<h2>Selling Exceptions</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+
+<p><em>The practice of selling license exceptions became a hot topic
+when I co-signed Knowledge Ecology International's letter warning that
+Oracle's purchase of MySQL (plus the rest of Sun) might not be good
+for MySQL.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>As the following article explains, my feelings about selling
+license exceptions are mixed. Clearly it is possible to develop
+powerful and complex software packages under the GNU GPL without
+selling exceptions, and we do this. MySQL can be developed this way
+too. However, selling exceptions has been used by MySQL developers.
+Who should decide whether to continue this? I don't think it is wise
+to give major decisions about a free software project to a large
+proprietary competitor, which might naturally prefer that the project
+develop less rather than more.</em></p>
+
+<p><em>One thing that makes no sense at all is the idea of changing
+the license of MySQL to something non-copyleft. That would eliminate
+the possibility of selling exceptions, but allow all sorts of
+proprietary modified versions. Wherever MySQL should go, it isn't
+there.</em></p>
+
+<h3>On Selling Exceptions to the GNU GPL</h3>
+
+<p>When I co-signed
+the <a href="/philosophy/ec_letter_mysql_oct19.pdf">letter objecting
+to Oracle's planned purchase of
+MySQL</a><sup><a href="#footnote">1</a></sup> (along with the rest of
+Sun), some free software supporters were surprised that I approved of
+the practice of selling license exceptions which the MySQL developers
+have used. They expected me to condemn the practice outright. This
+article explains what I think of the practice, and why.</p>
+
+<p>Selling exceptions means that the copyright holder of the code
+releases it to the public under a free software license, then lets
+customers pay for permission to use the same code under different
+terms, for instance allowing its inclusion in proprietary
+applications.</p>
+
+<p>We must distinguish the practice of selling exceptions from something
+crucially different: purely proprietary extensions or versions of
+a free program. These two activities, even if practiced
+simultaneously by one company, are different issues. In selling
+exceptions, the same code that the exception applies to is available
+to the general public as free software. An extension or a modified
+version that is only available under a proprietary license is
+proprietary software, pure and simple, and no better than any other
+proprietary software. This article is concerned with cases that
+involve strictly and only the sale of exceptions.</p>
+
+<p>I've considered selling exceptions acceptable since the 1990s, and on
+occasion I've suggested it to companies. Sometimes this approach has
+made it possible for important programs to become free software.</p>
+
+<p>The KDE desktop was developed in the 90s based on the Qt library. Qt
+was proprietary software, and TrollTech charged for permission to
+embed it in proprietary applications. TrollTech allowed gratis use of
+Qt in free applications, but this did not make it free/libre software.
+Completely free operating systems therefore could not include Qt, so
+they could not use KDE either.</p>
+
+<p>In 1998, the management of TrollTech recognized that they could
+make Qt free software and continue charging for permission to embed it
+in proprietary software. I do not recall whether the suggestion came
+from me, but I certainly was happy to see the change, which made it
+possible to use Qt and thus KDE in the free software world.</p>
+
+<p>Initially, they used their own license, the Q Public License
+(QPL)—quite restrictive as free software licenses go, and
+incompatible with the GNU GPL. Later they switched to the GNU GPL; I
+think I had explained to them that it would work for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Selling exceptions depends fundamentally on using a copyleft
+license, such as the GNU GPL, for the free software release. A
+copyleft license permits embedding in a larger program only if the
+whole combined program is released under that license; this is how it
+ensures extended versions will also be free. Thus, users that want to
+make the combined program proprietary need special permission. Only
+the copyright holder can grant that, and selling exceptions is one
+style of doing so. Someone else, who received the code under the GNU
+GPL or another copyleft license, cannot grant an exception.</p>
+
+<p>When I first heard of the practice of selling exceptions, I asked
+myself whether the practice is ethical. If someone buys an exception
+to embed a program in a larger proprietary program, he's doing
+something wrong (namely, making proprietary software). Does it follow
+that the developer that sold the exception is doing something wrong
+too?</p>
+
+<p>If that implication is valid, it would also apply to releasing the
+same program under a noncopyleft free software license, such as the
+X11 license. That also permits such embedding. So either we have to
+conclude that it's wrong to release anything under the X11
+license—a conclusion I find unacceptably extreme—or reject
+this implication. Using a noncopyleft license is weak, and usually an
+inferior choice, but it's not wrong.</p>
+
+<p>In other words, selling exceptions permits limited embedding of the
+code in proprietary software, but the X11 license goes even further,
+permitting unlimited use of the code (and modified versions of it) in
+proprietary software. If this doesn't make the X11 license
+unacceptable, it doesn't make selling exceptions unacceptable.</p>
+
+<p>There are three reasons why the FSF doesn't practice selling
+exceptions. One is that it doesn't lead to the FSF's goal: assuring
+freedom for each user of our software. That's what we wrote the GNU
+GPL for, and the way to achieve this most thoroughly is to release
+under GPL version 3-or-later and not allow embedding in proprietary
+software. Selling exceptions wouldn't achieve this, just as release
+under the X11 license wouldn't. So normally we don't do either of
+those things. We release under the GPL only.</p>
+
+<p>Another reason we release only under the GPL is so as not to permit
+proprietary extensions that would present practical advantages over
+our free programs. Users for whom freedom is not a value might choose
+those non-free versions rather than the free programs they are based
+on—and lose their freedom. We don't want to encourage that.</p>
+
+<p>But there are occasional cases where, for specific reasons of
+strategy, we decide that using a more permissive license on a certain
+program is better for the cause of freedom. In those cases, we
+release the program to everyone under that permissive license.</p>
+
+<p>This is because of another ethical principle that the FSF follows:
+to treat all users the same. An idealistic campaign for freedom
+should not discriminate, so the FSF is committed to giving the same
+license to all users. The FSF never sells exceptions; whatever
+license or licenses we release a program under, that is available to
+everyone.</p>
+
+<p>But we need not insist that companies follow that principle. I
+consider selling exceptions an acceptable thing for a company to do,
+and I will suggest it where appropriate as a way to get programs
+freed.</p>
+
+<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+
+<p id="footnote">This is a local copy of the document
+from <a
href="http://keionline.org/sites/default/files/ec_letter_mysql_oct19.pdf";>its
+original location</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-No
+Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this
+license,
+visit <a
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/</a>
+or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300,
+San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:33 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
-->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/selling.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/selling.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/selling.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/selling.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:33 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Selling Free Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
+<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some views on the
+ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
+GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+
+<p>
+Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
+should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
+you should charge as little as possible — just enough to cover
+the cost. This is a misunderstanding.</p>
+
+<p>
+Actually, we encourage people who redistribute
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>
+to charge as much as they wish or can. If this seems surprising to
+you, please read on.</p>
+
+<p>
+The word “free” has two legitimate general meanings; it can refer
+either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software”,
+we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech”,
+not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means that a user is free to
run
+the program, change the program, and redistribute the program with or
+without changes.</p>
+
+<p>
+Free programs are sometimes distributed gratis, and sometimes for a
+substantial price. Often the same program is available in both ways
+from different places. The program is free regardless of the price,
+because users have freedom in using it.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">Nonfree programs</a>
+are usually sold for a high price, but sometimes a store will give you
+a copy at no charge. That doesn't make it free software, though.
+Price or no price, the program is nonfree because users don't have
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since free software is not a matter of price, a low price doesn't make
+the software
+free, or even closer to free. So if you are redistributing copies of free
+software, you might as well charge a substantial fee and <em>make
+some money</em>. Redistributing free software is a good and
+legitimate activity; if you do it, you might as well make a profit
+from it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Free software is a community project, and everyone who depends on it
+ought to look for ways to contribute to building the community. For a
+distributor, the way to do this is to give a part of the profit to free
software development projects or to the
+<a href="/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software Foundation</a>. This way you can
+advance the world of free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>Distributing free software is an opportunity to raise
+funds for development. Don't waste it!</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+In order to contribute funds, you need to have some extra. If you
+charge too low a fee, you won't have anything to spare to support
+development.</p>
+
+
+<h3>Will a higher distribution price hurt some users?</h3>
+
+<p>
+People sometimes worry that a high distribution fee will put free
+software out of range for users who don't have a lot of money. With
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary
+software</a>, a high price does exactly that — but free software
+is different.</p>
+
+<p>
+The difference is that free software naturally tends to spread around,
+and there are many ways to get it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Software hoarders try their damnedest to stop you from running a
+proprietary program without paying the standard price. If this price
+is high, that does make it hard for some users to use the program.</p>
+
+<p>
+With free software, users don't <em>have</em> to pay the
+distribution fee in order to use the software. They can copy the
+program from a friend who has a copy, or with the help of a friend who
+has network access. Or several users can join together, split the
+price of one CD-ROM, then each in turn can install the software. A high
+CD-ROM price is not a major obstacle when the software is free.</p>
+
+
+<h3>Will a higher distribution price discourage use of free software?</h3>
+
+<p>
+Another common concern is for the popularity of free software. People
+think that a high price for distribution would reduce the number of
+users, or that a low price is likely to encourage users.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is true for proprietary software — but free software is
+different. With so many ways to get copies, the price of distribution
+service has less effect on popularity.</p>
+
+<p>
+In the long run, how many people use free software is determined
+mainly by <em>how much free software can do</em>, and how easy it
+is to use. Many users do not make freedom their priority; they
+may continue to use proprietary software if
+free software can't do all the jobs they want done. Thus, if we want
+to increase the number of users in the long run, we should above all
+<em>develop more free software</em>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The most direct way to do this is by writing needed
+<a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tasklist";>free software</a>
+or
+<a href="/doc/doc.html">manuals</a> yourself. But if you do
+distribution rather than writing, the best way you can help is by
+raising funds for others to write them.</p>
+
+
+<h3>The term “selling software” can be confusing too</h3>
+
+<p>
+Strictly speaking, “selling” means trading goods for
+money. Selling a copy of a free program is legitimate, and we
+encourage it.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, when people think of
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#SellSoftware">“selling
software”</a>,
+they usually imagine doing it the way most companies do it: making the
+software proprietary rather than free.</p>
+
+<p>
+So unless you're going to draw distinctions carefully, the way this
+article does, we suggest it is better to avoid using the term
+“selling software” and choose some other wording instead.
+For example, you could say “distributing free software for a
+fee”—that is unambiguous.</p>
+
+
+<h3>High or low fees, and the GNU GPL</h3>
+
+<p>
+Except for one special situation, the
+<a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL)
+has no requirements about how much you can charge for distributing a
+copy of free software. You can charge nothing, a penny, a dollar, or
+a billion dollars. It's up to you, and the marketplace, so don't
+complain to us if nobody wants to pay a billion dollars for a
+copy.</p>
+
+<p>
+The one exception is in the case where binaries are distributed
+without the corresponding complete source code. Those who do this are
+required by the GNU GPL to provide source code on subsequent request.
+Without a limit on the fee for the source code, they would be able set
+a fee too large for anyone to pay—such as a billion
+dollars—and thus pretend to release source code while in truth
+concealing it. So in this case we have to limit the fee for source in order
+to ensure the user's freedom. In ordinary situations, however, there
+is no such justification for limiting distribution fees, so we do not
+limit them.</p>
+
+<p>
+Sometimes companies whose activities cross the line stated in the GNU
+GPL plead for permission, saying that they “won't charge
+money for the GNU software” or such like. That won't get them anywhere
+with us. Free software is about freedom, and enforcing the GPL is
+defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
+distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
+charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:33 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
-->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
-->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li> -->
+<!-- Greek -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Italian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li> -->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
-->
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li> -->
+<!-- Chinese(Simplified) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
+<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/selling.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:34 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
+<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
+<p>
+The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
+decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
+individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
+copy. It is possible for them to copy the program; who should decide
+whether this is done? The individuals involved? Or another party,
+called the “owner”?</p>
+<p>
+ Software developers typically consider these questions on the
+assumption that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers'
+profits. The political power of business has led to the government
+adoption of both this criterion and the answer proposed by the
+developers: that the program has an owner, typically a corporation
+associated with its development.</p>
+<p>
+ I would like to consider the same question using a different
+criterion: the prosperity and freedom of the public in general.</p>
+<p>
+ This answer cannot be decided by current law—the law should
+conform to ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current
+practice decide this question, although it may suggest possible
+answers. The only way to judge is to see who is helped and who is
+hurt by recognizing owners of software, why, and how much. In other
+words, we should perform a cost-benefit analysis on behalf of society
+as a whole, taking account of individual freedom as well as production
+of material goods.</p>
+<p>
+ In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and
+show that the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that
+programmers have the duty to encourage others to share, redistribute,
+study, and improve the software we write: in other words, to write
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free”
+software</a>.<a href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
+
+<h3 id="owner-justification">How Owners Justify Their Power</h3>
+<p>
+ Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
+offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the
+emotional argument and the economic argument.</p>
+<p>
+ The emotional argument goes like this: “I put my sweat, my
+heart, my soul into this program. It comes from <em>me</em>,
+it's <em>mine</em>!”</p>
+<p>
+ This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of
+attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them;
+it is not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same
+programmers usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a
+salary; the emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast,
+consider the great artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't
+even sign their names to their work. To them, the name of the artist
+was not important. What mattered was that the work was done—and
+the purpose it would serve. This view prevailed for hundreds of
+years.</p>
+<p>
+ The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich
+(usually described inaccurately as ‘making a living’), and
+if you don't allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't
+program. Everyone else is like me, so nobody will ever program. And
+then you'll be stuck with no programs at all!” This threat is
+usually veiled as friendly advice from the wise.</p>
+<p>
+ I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to
+address an implicit assumption that is more visible in another
+formulation of the argument.</p>
+<p>
+ This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a
+proprietary program with that of no program, and then concludes that
+proprietary software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and
+should be encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two
+outcomes—proprietary software versus no software—and assuming
+there are no other possibilities.</p>
+<p>
+ Given a system of software copyright, software development is
+usually linked with the existence of an owner who controls the
+software's use. As long as this linkage exists, we are often faced with
+the choice of proprietary software or none. However, this linkage is
+not inherent or inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific
+social/legal policy decision that we are questioning: the decision to
+have owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software
+versus no software is begging the question.</p>
+
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">The Argument against Having Owners</h3>
+<p>
+ The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked
+with having owners to restrict the use of it?”</p>
+<p>
+ In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of
+each of those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of developing
+the software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect
+of restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If
+one of these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be
+better off dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one.</p>
+<p>
+ To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program
+already developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical
+software developer will reject the option of doing so.</p>
+<p>
+ To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare
+the value to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with
+that of the same program, available to everyone. This means comparing
+two possible worlds.</p>
+<p>
+ This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes
+made that “the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a
+copy of a program is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.”
+This counterargument assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal
+in magnitude. The analysis involves comparing these magnitudes, and
+shows that the benefit is much greater.</p>
+<p>
+ To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road
+construction.</p>
+<p>
+ It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with
+tolls. This would entail having toll booths at all street corners.
+Such a system would provide a great incentive to improve roads. It
+would also have the virtue of causing the users of any given road to
+pay for that road. However, a toll booth is an artificial obstruction
+to smooth driving—artificial, because it is not a consequence of
+how roads or cars work.</p>
+<p>
+ Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find
+that (all else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to
+construct, cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to
+use.<a href="#f2">(2)</a> In a poor country, tolls may make the roads
+unavailable to many citizens. The roads without toll booths thus
+offer more benefit to society at less cost; they are preferable for
+society. Therefore, society should choose to fund roads in another
+way, not by means of toll booths. Use of roads, once built, should be
+free.</p>
+<p>
+ When the advocates of toll booths propose them as <em>merely</em> a
+way of raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll
+booths do raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect,
+they degrade the road. The toll road is not as good as the free road;
+giving us more or technically superior roads may not be an improvement
+if this means substituting toll roads for free roads.</p>
+<p>
+ Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the
+public must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability
+of toll booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for
+our money by buying a free road.</p>
+<p>
+ I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all.
+That would be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used
+the road—but this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector.
+However, as long as the toll booths cause significant waste and
+inconvenience, it is better to raise the funds in a less obstructive
+fashion.</p>
+<p>
+ To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show
+that having “toll booths” for useful software programs
+costs society dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to
+construct, more expensive to distribute, and less satisfying and
+efficient to use. It will follow that program construction should be
+encouraged in some other way. Then I will go on to explain other
+methods of encouraging and (to the extent actually necessary) funding
+software development.</p>
+
+<h4 id="harm-done">The Harm Done by Obstructing Software</h4>
+<p>
+ Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any
+necessary payments for its development have been made; now society must
+choose either to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use.
+Assume that the existence of the program and its availability is a
+desirable thing.<a href="#f3">(3)</a></p>
+<p>
+ Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program
+cannot facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can
+only be negative. But how much? And what kind?</p>
+<p>
+ Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fewer people use the program.</li>
+
+<li>None of the users can adapt or fix the program.</li>
+
+<li>Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work on
it.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+ Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial
+harm. This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their
+subsequent feelings, attitudes, and predispositions. These changes in
+people's ways of thinking will then have a further effect on their
+relationships with their fellow citizens, and can have material
+consequences.</p>
+<p>
+ The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the
+program could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they
+waste nearly all the value of the program, then writing the program
+harms society by at most the effort that went into writing the program.
+Arguably a program that is profitable to sell must provide some net
+direct material benefit.</p>
+<p>
+ However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there
+is no limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do.</p>
+
+<h4 id="obstructing-use">Obstructing Use of Programs</h4>
+<p>
+ The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy
+of a program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by
+doing the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero
+price. A license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program.
+If a widely useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it.</p>
+<p>
+ It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to
+society is reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of
+the program, faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay,
+or may forego use of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a
+zero-sum transfer of wealth between two parties. But each time someone
+chooses to forego use of the program, this harms that person without
+benefiting anyone. The sum of negative numbers and zeros must be
+negative.</p>
+<p>
+ But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to <em>develop</em>
+the program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in
+delivered user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced.</p>
+<p>
+ This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and
+cars, chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material
+objects outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy;
+anyone can produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little
+effort. This isn't true for material objects because matter is
+conserved: each new copy has to be built from raw materials in the same
+way that the first copy was built.</p>
+<p>
+ With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense,
+because fewer objects bought means less raw material and work needed
+to make them. It's true that there is usually also a startup cost, a
+development cost, which is spread over the production run. But as long
+as the marginal cost of production is significant, adding a share of the
+development cost does not make a qualitative difference. And it does
+not require restrictions on the freedom of ordinary users.</p>
+<p>
+ However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free
+is a qualitative change. A centrally imposed fee for software
+distribution becomes a powerful disincentive.</p>
+<p>
+ What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even
+as a means of delivering copies of software. This system involves
+enclosing physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping
+large numbers of them around the world, and storing them for sale. This
+cost is presented as an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part
+of the waste caused by having owners.</p>
+
+<h4 id="damaging-social-cohesion">Damaging Social Cohesion</h4>
+<p>
+ Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a
+certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel
+that proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it.
+A proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while
+restraining the other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should
+find it acceptable.</p>
+<p>
+ Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your
+neighbor: “I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so
+that I can have a copy for myself.” People who make such choices
+feel internal psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading
+the importance of helping one's neighbors—thus public spirit
+suffers. This is psychosocial harm associated with the material harm
+of discouraging use of the program.</p>
+<p>
+ Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so
+they decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway.
+But they often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must
+break the laws in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider
+the laws authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor
+(which they are) is naughty or shameful. That is also a kind of
+psychosocial harm, but one can escape it by deciding that these licenses
+and laws have no moral force.</p>
+<p>
+ Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users
+will not be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of
+cynicism or denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the
+work that he finds technically exciting; then when asked, “Will I be
+permitted to use it?”, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no.
+To avoid feeling discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the
+time or adopts a cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of
+it.</p>
+<p>
+ Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States
+is not technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together
+for the public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the
+expense of the latter.</p>
+
+<h4 id="custom-adaptation">Obstructing Custom Adaptation of Programs</h4>
+<p>
+ The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs.
+The ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over
+older technology. But most commercially available software isn't
+available for modification, even after you buy it. It's available for
+you to take it or leave it, as a black box—that is all.</p>
+<p>
+ A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose
+meaning is obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily
+change the numbers to make the program do something different.</p>
+<p>
+ Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a
+program, which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or
+C. It uses names to designate the data being used and the parts of
+the program, and it represents operations with symbols such as
+‘+’ for addition and ‘-’ for subtraction. It
+is designed to help programmers read and change programs. Here is an
+example; a program to calculate the distance between two points in a
+plane:</p>
+
+<pre>
+ float
+ distance (p0, p1)
+ struct point p0, p1;
+ {
+ float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;
+ float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;
+ return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);
+ }
+</pre>
+<p>
+ Precisely what that source code means is not the point; the point
+ is that it looks like algebra, and a person who knows this
+ programming language will find it meaningful and clear. By
+ contrast, here is same program in executable form, on the computer
+ I normally used when I wrote this:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+ 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862
+ 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208
+ -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424
+ 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495
+ 572518958 -803143692 1314803317
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+ Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a
+program. But most users are not allowed to have copies of the source
+code. Usually the source code for a proprietary program is kept secret
+by the owner, lest anybody else learn something from it. Users receive
+only the files of incomprehensible numbers that the computer will
+execute. This means that only the program's owner can change the
+program.</p>
+<p>
+ A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for
+about six months, writing a program similar to something that was
+commercially available. She believed that if she could have gotten
+source code for that commercially available program, it could easily
+have been adapted to their needs. The bank was willing to pay for
+this, but was not permitted to—the source code was a secret. So
+she had to do six months of make-work, work that counts in the GNP but
+was actually waste.</p>
+<p>
+ The <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>
+Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a
+gift from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software to which we
+added many convenient features. For example, the software would
+notify a user immediately on completion of a print job. Whenever the
+printer had trouble, such as a paper jam or running out of paper, the
+software would immediately notify all users who had print jobs
+queued. These features facilitated smooth operation.</p>
+<p>
+ Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first
+laser printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a
+separate dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite
+features. We could arrange to send a notification when a print job was
+sent to the dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually
+printed (and the delay was usually considerable). There was no way to
+find out when the job was actually printed; you could only guess. And
+no one was informed when there was a paper jam, so the printer often
+went for an hour without being fixed.</p>
+<p>
+ The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such
+problems, probably as capable as the original authors of the program.
+Xerox was uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we
+were forced to accept the problems. They were never fixed.</p>
+<p>
+ Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank
+could afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from
+scratch, but a typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up.</p>
+<p>
+ Giving up causes psychosocial harm—to the spirit of
+self-reliance. It is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot
+rearrange to suit your needs. It leads to resignation and
+discouragement, which can spread to affect other aspects of one's
+life. People who feel this way are unhappy and do not do good
+work.</p>
+<p>
+ Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same
+fashion as software. You might say, “How do I change this
+recipe to take out the salt?” and the great chef would respond,
+“How dare you insult my recipe, the child of my brain and my
+palate, by trying to tamper with it? You don't have the judgment to
+change my recipe and make it work right!”</p>
+<p>
+ “But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I
+do? Will you take out the salt for me?”</p>
+<p>
+ “I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.”
+Since the owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large.
+“However, right now I don't have time. I am busy with a
+commission to design a new recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy
+Department. I might get around to you in about two years.”</p>
+
+<h4 id="software-development">Obstructing Software Development</h4>
+<p>
+ The third level of material harm affects software development.
+Software development used to be an evolutionary process, where a
+person would take an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one
+new feature, and then another person would rewrite parts to add
+another feature; in some cases, this continued over a period of twenty
+years. Meanwhile, parts of the program would be
+“cannibalized” to form the beginnings of other
+programs.</p>
+<p>
+ The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it
+necessary to start from scratch when developing a program. It also
+prevents new practitioners from studying existing programs to learn
+useful techniques or even how large programs can be structured.</p>
+<p>
+ Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in
+computer science who have never seen the source code of a large
+program. They may be good at writing small programs, but they can't
+begin to learn the different skills of writing large ones if they can't
+see how others have done it.</p>
+<p>
+ In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by
+standing on the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally
+allowed in the software field—you can only stand on the
+shoulders of the other people <em>in your own company</em>.</p>
+<p>
+ The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific
+cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate
+even when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese
+oceanographers abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific
+carefully preserved their work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a
+note asking them to take good care of it.</p>
+<p>
+ Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared.
+Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers
+to enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough
+to let readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is
+certainly true in computer science, where the source code for the
+programs reported on is usually secret.</p>
+
+<h4 id="does-not-matter-how">It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted</h4>
+<p>
+ I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from
+copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
+how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
+conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
+licenses, or encryption, or <acronym title="Read-only Memory">ROM</acronym>
+cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
+preventing use, it does harm.</p>
+<p>
+ Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others.
+I suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their
+objective.</p>
+
+<h4 id="should-be-free">Software Should be Free</h4>
+<p>
+ I have shown how ownership of a program—the power to restrict
+changing or copying it—is obstructive. Its negative effects are
+widespread and important. It follows that society shouldn't have
+owners for programs.</p>
+<p>
+ Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free
+software, and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging
+the substitute is not a rational way to get what we need.</p>
+<p>
+ Vaclav Havel has advised us to “Work for something because it is
+good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed.” A business
+making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow
+terms, but it is not what is good for society.</p>
+
+<h3 id="why-develop">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
+<p>
+ If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging
+people to develop software, at first less software will be developed,
+but that software will be more useful. It is not clear whether the
+overall delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if
+we wish to increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage
+development, just as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money
+for streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I want to
+question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary.</p>
+
+<h4 id="fun">Programming is Fun</h4>
+<p>
+ There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money;
+road construction, for example. There are other fields of study and
+art in which there is little chance to become rich, which people enter
+for their fascination or their perceived value to society. Examples
+include mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and
+political organizing among working people. People compete, more sadly
+than bitterly, for the few funded positions available, none of which is
+funded very well. They may even pay for the chance to work in the
+field, if they can afford to.</p>
+<p>
+ Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the
+possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand
+the same opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing
+what they used to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by,
+everyone connected with the field will deride the idea that work would
+be done in the field without large financial returns. They will advise
+social planners to ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing
+special privileges, powers, and monopolies as necessary to do so.</p>
+<p>
+ This change happened in the field of computer programming in the
+1980s. In the 1970s, there were articles on
+“computer addiction”: users were “onlining”
+and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was generally understood
+that people frequently loved programming enough to break up their
+marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one would
+program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what they
+knew back then.</p>
+<p>
+ When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a
+certain field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic
+of change can run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we
+take away the possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the
+people have readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager
+to work in the field for the joy of accomplishment.</p>
+<p>
+ The question “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an
+easier question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them
+a fortune. A mere living is easier to raise.</p>
+
+<h4 id="funding">Funding Free Software</h4>
+<p>
+ Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses.
+Many other institutions already exist that can do this.</p>
+<p>
+ Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software
+development even if they cannot control the use of the software. In
+1970, much of their software was free because they did not consider
+restricting it. Today, their increasing willingness to join consortiums
+shows their realization that owning the software is not what is really
+important for them.</p>
+<p>
+ Universities conduct many programming projects. Today they often
+sell the results, but in the 1970s they did not. Is there any doubt
+that universities would develop free software if they were not allowed
+to sell software? These projects could be supported by the same
+government contracts and grants that now support proprietary software
+development.</p>
+<p>
+ It is common today for university researchers to get grants to
+develop a system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and
+call that “finished”, and then start companies where they
+really finish the project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare
+the unfinished version “free”; if they are thoroughly
+corrupt, they instead get an exclusive license from the university.
+This is not a secret; it is openly admitted by everyone concerned.
+Yet if the researchers were not exposed to the temptation to do these
+things, they would still do their research.</p>
+<p>
+ Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling
+services related to the software. I have been hired to port the
+<a href="/software/gcc/">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and
+to make user-interface extensions to
+<a href="/software/emacs/">GNU Emacs</a>. (I offer these improvements
+to the public once they are done.) I also teach classes for which I
+am paid.</p>
+<p>
+ I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful,
+growing corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other
+companies also provide commercial support for the free software of the
+GNU system. This is the beginning of the independent software support
+industry—an industry that could become quite large if free
+software becomes prevalent. It provides users with an option
+generally unavailable for proprietary software, except to the very
+wealthy.</p>
+<p>
+ New institutions such as the <a href="/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
+Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's
+funds come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on
+the tapes is free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy
+it and change it, but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall
+that “free software” refers to freedom, not to price.)
+Some users who already have a copy order tapes as a way of making a
+contribution they feel we deserve. The Foundation also receives
+sizable donations from computer manufacturers.</p>
+<p>
+ The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on
+hiring as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a
+business, distributing the same free software to the public for the same
+fee, it would now provide a very good living for its founder.</p>
+<p>
+ Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the
+Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this
+because we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction
+in knowing that their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of
+all, they do it because programming is fun. In addition, volunteers
+have written many useful programs for us. (Even technical writers
+have begun to volunteer.)</p>
+<p>
+ This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all
+fields, along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one
+will want to program.</p>
+
+<h4 id="owe">What Do Users Owe to Developers?</h4>
+<p>
+ There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral
+obligation to contribute to its support. Developers of free software
+are contributing to the users' activities, and it is both fair and in
+the long-term interest of the users to give them funds to continue.</p>
+<p>
+ However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers,
+since obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward.</p>
+<p>
+ We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled
+to the support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral
+obligation into a requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A
+developer can either deserve a reward or demand it, but not both.</p>
+<p>
+ I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act
+so as to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for
+voluntary donations. Eventually the users will learn to support
+developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public
+radio and television stations.</p>
+
+<h3 id="productivity">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
+<p>
+ If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
+fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?</p>
+<p>
+ Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than
+in 1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few
+deliver more food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call
+this improved productivity. Free software would require far fewer
+programmers to satisfy the demand, because of increased software
+productivity at all levels:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Wider use of each program that is developed.</li>
+<li> The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead
+ of starting from scratch.</li>
+<li> Better education of programmers.</li>
+<li> The elimination of duplicate development effort.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+ Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the
+employment of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased
+productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely held belief
+that the software industry needs increased productivity. How is this?</p>
+<p>
+ “Software productivity” can mean two different things:
+the overall productivity of all software development, or the
+productivity of individual projects. Overall productivity is what
+society would like to improve, and the most straightforward way to do
+this is to eliminate the artificial obstacles to cooperation which
+reduce it. But researchers who study the field of “software
+productivity” focus only on the second, limited, sense of the
+term, where improvement requires difficult technological advances.</p>
+
+<h3 id="competition">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
+<p>
+ Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
+rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not
+harmful; the harmful thing is <em>combat</em>.</p>
+<p>
+ There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying
+to achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in
+the old days, there was competition among programming
+wizards—competition for who could make the computer do the most
+amazing thing, or for who could make the shortest or fastest program
+for a given task. This kind of competition can benefit
+everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship is
+maintained.</p>
+<p>
+ Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to
+great efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have
+visited all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to
+do this. But they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on
+desert islands. They are content to let the best person win.</p>
+<p>
+ Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to
+impede each other instead of advancing themselves—when
+“Let the best person win” gives way to “Let me win,
+best or not.” Proprietary software is harmful, not because it is
+a form of competition, but because it is a form of combat among the
+citizens of our society.</p>
+<p>
+ Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when
+two grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own
+operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a
+special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for
+combat in this line of business short of physical violence. Not all
+areas of business share this characteristic. Withholding information
+that could help everyone advance is a form of combat.</p>
+<p>
+ Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to
+combat the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with
+antitrust laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than
+generalizing this to a principled rejection of combat in general,
+executives invent other forms of combat which are not specifically
+prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic
+equivalent of factional civil war.</p>
+
+<h3 id="communism">“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”</h3>
+<p>
+ In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme
+form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For
+example, it is leveled against the supporters of a national health care
+system, such as is found in all the other industrialized nations of the
+free world. It is leveled against the advocates of public support for
+the arts, also universal in advanced nations. The idea that citizens
+have any obligation to the public good is identified in America with
+Communism. But how similar are these ideas?</p>
+<p>
+ Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of
+central control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the
+common good, but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist
+party. And where copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent
+illegal copying.</p>
+<p>
+ The American system of software copyright exercises central control
+over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with
+automatic copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying.</p>
+<p>
+ By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free
+to decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their
+neighbors, and free to alter and improve the tools which they use in
+their daily lives. A system based on voluntary cooperation and on
+decentralization.</p>
+<p>
+ Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
+Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists.</p>
+
+<h3 id="premises">The Question of Premises</h3>
+<p>
+ I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no
+less important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other
+words, their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide
+which course of action is best.</p>
+<p>
+ This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an
+author's employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else.
+They say, for example, that the purpose of having owners of software
+is to give the author's employer the advantage he
+deserves—regardless of how this may affect the public.</p>
+<p>
+ It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof
+requires shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed
+only to those who share the premises I use, or at least are interested
+in what their consequences are. For those who believe that the owners
+are more important than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant.</p>
+<p>
+ But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that
+elevates certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly
+because of the belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions
+of American society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means
+challenging the basis of society.</p>
+<p>
+ It is important for these people to know that this premise is not
+part of our legal tradition. It never has been.</p>
+<p>
+ Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to
+“promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts.” The
+Supreme Court has elaborated on this, stating in <em>Fox Film
+v. Doyal</em>; that “The sole interest of the United States
+and the primary object in conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in
+the general benefits derived by the public from the labors of
+authors.”</p>
+<p>
+ We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme
+Court. (At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions
+do not disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the
+awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a
+traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal.</p>
+
+<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>
+<p>
+ We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor;
+but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for
+the wealth they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite
+message.</p>
+<p>
+ Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard
+the welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard
+from Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from
+failing banks to failing schools. We can measure it with the size of
+the homeless population and the prison population. The antisocial
+spirit feeds on itself, because the more we see that other people will
+not help us, the more it seems futile to help them. Thus society decays
+into a jungle.</p>
+<p>
+ If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes.
+We must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who
+cooperates when appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from
+others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
+this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
+efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
+refers to freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free
+program may be zero, or small, or (rarely) quite large.</li>
+
+<li id="f2">The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not
+alter this conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to
+discourage driving in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using
+toll booths, which contribute to both pollution and congestion. A tax
+on gasoline is much better. Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by
+limiting maximum speed is not relevant; a free-access road enhances
+the average speed by avoiding stops and delays, for any given speed
+limit.</li>
+
+<li id="f3">One might regard a particular computer program as a
+harmful thing that should not be available at all, like the Lotus
+Marketplace database of personal information, which was withdrawn from
+sale due to public disapproval. Most of what I say does not apply to
+this case, but it makes little sense to argue for having an owner on
+the grounds that the owner will make the program less available. The
+owner will not make it <em>completely</em> unavailable, as one would
+wish in the case of a program whose use is considered
+destructive.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<hr />
+<h4>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a></h4>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are
+also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:34 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- Czech -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li> -->
+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Finnish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.fi.html">suomi</a> [fi]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a
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-->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li> -->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
-->
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Tamil -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Turkish -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Chinese(Simplified) -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
-->
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+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/udi.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/udi.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/udi.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/udi.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:34 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>UDI - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/udi.translist" -->
+
+<h2>The Free Software Movement and UDI</h2>
+
+<p>
+A project called UDI (Uniform Driver Interface) aims to define a
+single interface between operating system kernels and device drivers.
+What should the free software movement make of this idea?</p>
+<p>
+If we imagine a number of operating systems and hardware developers,
+all cooperating on an equal footing, UDI (if technically feasible)
+would be a very good idea. It would permit us to develop just one
+driver for any given hardware device, and then all share it. It would
+enable a higher level of cooperation.</p>
+<p>
+When we apply the idea to the actual world, which contains both free
+software developers seeking cooperation, and proprietary software
+developers seeking domination, the consequences are very different.
+No way of using UDI can benefit the free software movement. If it
+does anything, it will divide and weaken us.</p>
+<p>
+If Linux supported UDI, and if we started designing new drivers to
+communicate with Linux through UDI, what would the consequences be?</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> People could run free GPL-covered Linux drivers with Windows systems.
+<p>
+This would help only Windows users; it would do nothing for us users
+of free operating systems. It would not directly hurt us, either; but
+the developers of GPL-covered free drivers could be discouraged to see
+them used in this way, and that would be very bad. It can also be a
+violation of the GNU GPL to link the drivers into a proprietary
+kernel. To increase the temptation to do so is asking for trouble.</p></li>
+
+<li> People could run non-free Windows drivers
+on <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> systems.
+<p>
+This would not directly affect the range of hardware supported by free
+software. But indirectly it would tend to decrease the range, by
+offering a temptation to the millions of GNU/Linux users who have not
+learned to insist on freedom for its own sake. To the extent that the
+community began to accept the temptation, we would be moving to using
+non-free drivers instead of writing free ones.</p>
+<p>
+UDI would not in itself obstruct development of free drivers. So if
+enough of us rejected the temptation, we could still develop free
+drivers despite UDI, just as we do without UDI.</p>
+<p>
+But why encourage the community to be weaker than it needs to be? Why
+make unnecessary difficulties for the future of free software? Since
+UDI does no good for us, it is better to reject UDI.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Given these consequences, it is no surprise that Intel, a supporter of
+UDI, has started to “look to the Linux community for help with
+UDI.” How does a rich and self-seeking company approach a
+cooperating community? By asking for a handout, of course. They have
+nothing to lose by asking, and we might be caught off guard and say
+yes.</p>
+<p>
+Cooperation with UDI is not out of the question. We should not label
+UDI, Intel, or anyone, as a Great Satan. But before we participate in
+any proposed deal, we must judge it carefully, to make sure it is
+advantageous for the free software community, not just for proprietary
+system developers. On this particular issue, that means requiring
+that cooperation take us a step further along a path that leads to the
+ultimate goal for free kernels and drivers: supporting <em>all</em>
+important hardware with free drivers.</p>
+<p>
+One way to make a deal a good one could be by modifying the UDI
+project itself. Eric Raymond has proposed that UDI compliance could
+require that the driver be free software. That would be ideal, but
+other alternatives could also work. Just requiring source for the
+driver to be published, and not a trade secret, could do the
+job—because even if that driver is not free, it would at least
+tell us what we need to know to write a free driver.</p>
+<p>
+Intel could also do something outside of UDI to help the free software
+community solve this problem. For example, there may be some sort of
+certification that hardware developers seek, that Intel plays a role
+in granting. If so, Intel could agree to make certification more
+difficult if the hardware specs are secret. That might not be a
+complete solution to the problem, but it could help quite a bit.</p>
+<p>
+One difficulty with any deal with Intel about UDI is that we would do
+our part for Intel at the beginning, but Intel's payback would extend
+over a long time. In effect, we would be extending credit to Intel.
+But would Intel continue to repay its loan? Probably yes, if we get
+it in writing and there are no loopholes; otherwise, we can't count on
+it. Corporations are notoriously untrustworthy; the people we are
+dealing with may have integrity, but they could be overruled from
+above, or even replaced at any time with different people. Even a CEO
+who owns most of the stock can be replaced through a buy-out. When
+making a deal with a corporation, always get a binding commitment in
+writing.</p>
+<p>
+It does not seem likely that Intel would offer a deal that gives us
+what we need. In fact, UDI seems designed to make it easier to keep
+specifications secret.</p>
+<p>
+Still, there is no harm in keeping the door unlocked, as long as we
+are careful about who we let in.</p>
+
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1998 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:34 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
-->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- Polish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li> -->
+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/udi.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/why-copyleft.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/why-copyleft.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/why-copyleft.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/why-copyleft.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:35 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>Why Copyleft? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
+<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<p>
+<cite>“When it comes to defending the freedom of others, to lie
+down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not humility.”</cite>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In the GNU Project we usually recommend people
+use <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> licenses like GNU
+GPL, rather than permissive non-copyleft free software licenses. We
+don't argue harshly against the non-copyleft licenses—in fact,
+we occasionally recommend them in special circumstances—but the
+advocates of those licenses show a pattern of arguing harshly against
+the <acronym title="General Public License">GPL</acronym>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In one such argument, a person stated that his use of one of the BSD
+licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
+those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
+stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
+“humility”, but there is a deeper point to be considered
+here.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Humility is abnegating your own self interest, but you and the one who
+uses your code are not the only ones affected by your choice of which
+free software license to use for your code. Someone who uses your
+code in a non-free program is trying to deny freedom to others, and if
+you let him do it, you're failing to defend their freedom. When it
+comes to defending the freedom of others, to lie down and do nothing
+is an act of weakness, not humility.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Releasing your code under one of the BSD licenses, or some other
+permissive non-copyleft license, is not doing wrong; the program is
+still free software, and still a contribution to our community. But
+it is weak, and in most cases it is not the best way to promote users'
+freedom to share and change software.
+</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2003, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:35 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is Deutsch. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- <URL:http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm> -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
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Index: philosophy/po/why-free.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/why-free.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/why-free.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:35 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Why Software Should Not Have Owners - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, Why Software Should Not Have Owners" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-free.translist" -->
+
+<h2>Why Software Should Not Have Owners</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it
+easier to copy and modify information. Computers promise to make this
+easier for all of us.</p>
+
+<p>
+Not everyone wants it to be easier. The system of copyright gives
+software programs “owners”, most of whom aim to withhold
+software's potential benefit from the rest of the public. They would
+like to be the only ones who can copy and modify the software that we
+use.</p>
+
+<p>
+The copyright system grew up with printing—a technology for
+mass-production copying. Copyright fit in well with this technology
+because it restricted only the mass producers of copies. It did not
+take freedom away from readers of books. An ordinary reader, who did
+not own a printing press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and
+few readers were sued for that.</p>
+
+<p>
+Digital technology is more flexible than the printing press: when
+information has digital form, you can easily copy it to share it with
+others. This very flexibility makes a bad fit with a system like
+copyright. That's the reason for the increasingly nasty and draconian
+measures now used to enforce software copyright. Consider these four
+practices of the Software Publishers Association (SPA):</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Massive propaganda saying it is wrong to disobey the owners to
+help your friend.</li>
+
+<li>Solicitation for stool pigeons to inform on their coworkers and
+colleagues.</li>
+
+<li>Raids (with police help) on offices and schools, in which people
+are told they must prove they are innocent of illegal copying.</li>
+
+<li>Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request) of people
+such as
+<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>'s
+David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of
+copying any), but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and
+failing to censor their use.<a href="#footnote1">[1]</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+All four practices resemble those used in the former Soviet Union,
+where every copying machine had a guard to prevent forbidden copying,
+and where individuals had to copy information secretly and pass it
+from hand to hand as samizdat. There is of course a difference: the
+motive for information control in the Soviet Union was political; in
+the US the motive is profit. But it is the actions that affect us,
+not the motive. Any attempt to block the sharing of information, no
+matter why, leads to the same methods and the same harshness.</p>
+
+<p>
+Owners make several kinds of arguments for giving them the power
+to control how we use information:</p>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li id="name-calling">Name calling.
+
+<p>
+Owners use smear words such as “piracy” and
+“theft”, as well as expert terminology such as
+“intellectual property” and “damage”, to
+suggest a certain line of thinking to the public—a simplistic
+analogy between programs and physical objects.</p>
+
+<p>
+Our ideas and intuitions about property for material objects are about
+whether it is right to <em>take an object away</em> from someone else. They
+don't directly apply to <em>making a copy</em> of something. But the owners
+ask us to apply them anyway.</p></li>
+
+<li id="exaggeration">Exaggeration.
+
+<p>
+Owners say that they suffer “harm” or “economic
+loss” when users copy programs themselves. But the copying has
+no direct effect on the owner, and it harms no one. The owner can
+lose only if the person who made the copy would otherwise have paid
+for one from the owner.</p>
+
+<p>
+A little thought shows that most such people would not have bought
+copies. Yet the owners compute their “losses” as if each
+and every one would have bought a copy. That is exaggeration—to
+put it kindly.</p></li>
+
+<li id="law">The law.
+
+<p>
+Owners often describe the current state of the law, and the harsh
+penalties they can threaten us with. Implicit in this approach is the
+suggestion that today's law reflects an unquestionable view of
+morality—yet at the same time, we are urged to regard these
+penalties as facts of nature that can't be blamed on anyone.</p>
+
+<p>
+This line of persuasion isn't designed to stand up to critical
+thinking; it's intended to reinforce a habitual mental pathway.</p>
+
+<p>
+It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong. Every American
+should know that, in the 1950s, it was against the law in many
+states for a black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only
+racists would say sitting there was wrong.</p></li>
+
+<li id="natural-rights">Natural rights.
+
+<p>
+Authors often claim a special connection with programs they have
+written, and go on to assert that, as a result, their desires and
+interests concerning the program simply outweigh those of anyone
+else—or even those of the whole rest of the world. (Typically
+companies, not authors, hold the copyrights on software, but we are
+expected to ignore this discrepancy.)</p>
+
+<p>
+To those who propose this as an ethical axiom—the author is more
+important than you—I can only say that I, a notable software
+author myself, call it bunk.</p>
+
+<p>
+But people in general are only likely to feel any sympathy with the
+natural rights claims for two reasons.</p>
+
+<p>
+One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects. When I
+cook spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I
+cannot eat it. His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits
+him; only one of us can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one?
+The smallest distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical
+balance.</p>
+
+<p>
+But whether you run or change a program I wrote affects you directly
+and me only indirectly. Whether you give a copy to your friend
+affects you and your friend much more than it affects me. I shouldn't
+have the power to tell you not to do these things. No one should.</p>
+
+<p>
+The second reason is that people have been told that natural rights
+for authors is the accepted and unquestioned tradition of our society.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a matter of history, the opposite is true. The idea of natural
+rights of authors was proposed and decisively rejected when the US
+Constitution was drawn up. That's why the Constitution only
+<em>permits</em> a system of copyright and does not <em>require</em>
+one; that's why it says that copyright must be temporary. It also
+states that the purpose of copyright is to promote progress—not
+to reward authors. Copyright does reward authors somewhat, and
+publishers more, but that is intended as a means of modifying their
+behavior.</p>
+
+<p>
+The real established tradition of our society is that copyright cuts
+into the natural rights of the public—and that this can only be
+justified for the public's sake.</p></li>
+
+<li id="economics">Economics.
+
+<p>
+The final argument made for having owners of software is that this
+leads to production of more software.</p>
+
+<p>
+Unlike the others, this argument at least takes a legitimate approach
+to the subject. It is based on a valid goal—satisfying the
+users of software. And it is empirically clear that people will
+produce more of something if they are well paid for doing so.</p>
+
+<p>
+But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption
+that the difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay.
+It assumes that <em>production of software</em> is what we want,
+whether the software has owners or not.</p>
+
+<p>
+People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our
+experiences with material objects. Consider a sandwich, for instance.
+You might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or
+for a price. If so, the amount you pay is the only difference.
+Whether or not you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste,
+the same nutritional value, and in either case you can only eat it
+once. Whether you get the sandwich from an owner or not cannot
+directly affect anything but the amount of money you have afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is true for any kind of material object—whether or not it
+has an owner does not directly affect what it <em>is</em>, or what you
+can do with it if you acquire it.</p>
+
+<p>
+But if a program has an owner, this very much affects what it is, and
+what you can do with a copy if you buy one. The difference is not
+just a matter of money. The system of owners of software encourages
+software owners to produce something—but not what society really
+needs. And it causes intangible ethical pollution that affects us
+all.</p></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+What does society need? It needs information that is truly available
+to its citizens—for example, programs that people can read, fix,
+adapt, and improve, not just operate. But what software owners
+typically deliver is a black box that we can't study or change.</p>
+
+<p>
+Society also needs freedom. When a program has an owner, the users
+lose freedom to control part of their own lives.</p>
+
+<p>
+And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary
+cooperation in its citizens. When software owners tell us that
+helping our neighbors in a natural way is “piracy”, they
+pollute our society's civic spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is why we say that
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>
+is a matter of freedom, not price.</p>
+
+<p>
+The economic argument for owners is erroneous, but the economic issue
+is real. Some people write useful software for the pleasure of
+writing it or for admiration and love; but if we want more software
+than those people write, we need to raise funds.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods
+of finding funds, with some success. There's no need to make anyone
+rich; a typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are
+less satisfying than programming.</p>
+
+<p>
+For years, until a fellowship made it unnecessary, I made a living
+from custom enhancements of the free software I had written. Each
+enhancement was added to the standard released version and thus
+eventually became available to the general public. Clients paid me so
+that I would work on the enhancements they wanted, rather than on the
+features I would otherwise have considered highest priority.</p>
+
+<p>
+Some free software developers make money by selling support services.
+In 1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that
+about 15 percent of its staff activity was free software
+development—a respectable percentage for a software company.</p>
+
+<p>
+In the early 1990s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas
+Instruments and Analog Devices combined to fund the continued
+development of the GNU C compiler. Most GCC development is still done
+by paid developers. The GNU compiler for the Ada language was funded
+in the 90s by the US Air Force, and continued since then by a company
+formed specifically for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>
+The free software movement is still small, but the example of
+listener-supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a
+large activity without forcing each user to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+program. If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to
+refuse. Cooperation is more important than copyright. But
+underground, closet cooperation does not make for a good society. A
+person should aspire to live an upright life openly with pride, and
+this means saying no to proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>
+You deserve to be able to cooperate openly and freely with other
+people who use software. You deserve to be able to learn how the
+software works, and to teach your students with it. You deserve to be
+able to hire your favorite programmer to fix it when it breaks.</p>
+
+<p>
+You deserve free software.</p>
+
+<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<ol>
+<li id="footnote1">The charges were subsequently dismissed.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<hr />
+<h4>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</h4>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:35 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
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+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
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Index: philosophy/po/x.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/x.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/x.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/x.ru-en.html 26 Dec 2011 09:29:35 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>The X Window System Trap - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman,
rms, free software movement" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description"
+ content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to
develop a free operating system." />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
+
+<h2>The X Window System Trap</h2>
+
+<p>
+ by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major
+controversies in the free software community. The idea of copyleft is
+that we should fight fire with fire—that we should use copyright
+to make sure our code stays free. The GNU General Public License (GNU
+GPL) is one example of a copyleft license.</p>
+
+<p>
+Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
+Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
+<a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
+of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
+use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
+licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
+actively protect our freedom to change and redistribute software. For
+that, we need copyleft.</p>
+
+<p>
+For many years, the X Consortium was the chief opponent of copyleft.
+It exerted both moral suasion and pressure to discourage free software
+developers from copylefting their programs. It used moral suasion by
+suggesting that it is not nice to say no. It used pressure through
+its rule that copylefted software could not be in the X Distribution.</p>
+
+<p>
+Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their
+conception of success. The X Consortium defined success as
+popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to use the X
+Window System. This definition put the computer companies in the
+driver's seat: whatever they wanted, the X Consortium had to help
+them get it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Computer companies normally distribute proprietary software. They
+wanted free software developers to donate their work for such use. If
+they had asked for this directly, people would have laughed. But the
+X Consortium, fronting for them, could present this request as an
+unselfish one. “Join us in donating our work to proprietary software
+developers,” they said, suggesting that this is a noble form of
+self-sacrifice. “Join us in achieving popularity,” they said,
+suggesting that it was not even a sacrifice.</p>
+
+<p>
+But self-sacrifice is not the issue: tossing away the defense that
+copyleft provides, which protects the freedom of the whole community,
+is sacrificing more than yourself. Those who granted the X
+Consortium's request entrusted the community's future to the goodwill
+of the X Consortium.</p>
+
+<p>
+This trust was misplaced. In its last year, the X Consortium made a
+plan to restrict the forthcoming X11R6.4 release so that it would not
+be free software. They decided to start saying no, not only to
+proprietary software developers, but to our community as well.</p>
+
+<p>
+There is an irony here. If you said yes when the X Consortium asked
+you not to use copyleft, you put the X Consortium in a position to
+license and restrict its version of your program, along with the
+code for the core of X.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down
+and transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now
+carrying out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them
+to release X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned
+restrictive license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They
+were firmly against staying with the old X11 distribution terms.)
+Before they said yes or no to this proposal, it had already failed for
+another reason: the XFree86 group followed the X Consortium's old
+policy, and will not accept copylefted software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with
+nonfree distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and
+rereleased it under the same noncopyleft free software license that
+was used for X11R6.3. Thus, the Open Group therefore eventually did
+what was right, but that does not alter the general issue.</p>
+
+<p>
+Even if the X Consortium and the Open Group had never planned to
+restrict X, someone else could have done it. Noncopylefted software
+is vulnerable from all directions; it lets anyone make a nonfree
+version dominant, if he will invest sufficient resources to add
+significantly important features using proprietary code. Users who
+choose software based on technical characteristics, rather than on
+freedom, could easily be lured to the nonfree version for short-term
+convenience.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium and Open Group can no longer exert moral suasion by
+saying that it is wrong to say no. This will make it easier to decide
+to copyleft your X-related software.</p>
+
+<p>
+When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server,
+Xlib, and Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The
+X.org group does an important job for the community in maintaining
+these programs, and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be
+less than the harm done by a fork in development. So it is better to
+work with them, and not copyleft our changes on these programs.
+Likewise for utilities such as <tt>xset</tt> and <tt>xrdb</tt>, which are
close to the
+core of X and do not need major improvements. At least we know that
+the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
+free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The issue is different for programs outside the core of X:
+applications, window managers, and additional libraries and widgets.
+There is no reason not to copyleft them, and we should copyleft them.</p>
+
+<p>
+In case anyone feels the pressure exerted by the criteria for
+inclusion in the X distributions, the GNU Project will undertake to
+publicize copylefted packages that work with X. If you would like to
+copyleft something, and you worry that its omission from the X
+distribution will impede its popularity, please ask us to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+At the same time, it is better if we do not feel too much need for
+popularity. When a businessman tempts you with “more
+popularity,” he may try to convince you that his use of your
+program is crucial to its success. Don't believe it! If your program
+is good, it will find many users anyway; you don't need to feel
+desperate for any particular users, and you will be stronger if you do
+not. You can get an indescribable sense of joy and freedom by
+responding, “Take it or leave it—that's no skin off my
+back.” Often the businessman will turn around and accept the
+program with copyleft, once you call the bluff.</p>
+
+<p>
+Friends, free software developers, don't repeat old mistakes! If we
+do not copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone
+equipped with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can
+defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
+community.</p>
+
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2009 Richard M. Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/26 09:29:35 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/x.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/x.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/x.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/x.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
-->
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- Korean -->
+<!-- <li><a
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+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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