[Top][All Lists]
[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy/po not-ipr.ro.po
|
From: |
Laurentiu Buzdugan |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po not-ipr.ro.po |
|
Date: |
Mon, 20 Jun 2011 21:37:40 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Laurentiu Buzdugan <buzdugan> 11/06/20 21:37:40
Added files:
philosophy/po : not-ipr.ro.po
Log message:
Added the Romanian translation of the article
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.ro.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: not-ipr.ro.po
===================================================================
RCS file: not-ipr.ro.po
diff -N not-ipr.ro.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ not-ipr.ro.po 20 Jun 2011 21:37:36 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+# French translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html
+# Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the not-ipr.html package.
+# RÄzvan Sandu <address@hidden>, 2011.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: not-ipr.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-12-30 20:27-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-06-20 17:14-0500\n"
+"Last-Translator: RÄzvan Sandu <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Romanian <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage - "
+"GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"AÈi spus âproprietate intelectualÄâ? Este o iluzie..."
+"Proiectul GNU - FundaÈia pentru Software Liber (Free Software Foundation -
FSF)"
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage"
+msgstr "AÈi spus âproprietate intelectualÄâ? Este o iluzie..."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard M. Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "de <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard M. Stallman</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and "
+"trademarks—three separate and different entities involving three "
+"separate and different sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into one "
+"pot and call it “intellectual property”. The distorting and "
+"confusing term did not become common by accident. Companies that gain from "
+"the confusion promoted it. The clearest way out of the confusion is to "
+"reject the term entirely."
+msgstr ""
+"A ajuns sÄ fie la modÄ sÄ arunci dreptul de autor (copyright-ul), "
+"patentele Èi mÄrcile comerciale â trei entitÄÈi diferite, care implicÄ
"
+"trei seturi diferite de legi â plus o duzinÄ de alte legi, într-o
âoalÄâ "
+"comunÄ, numitÄ âproprietate intelectualÄâ. Acest termen, distorsionant
"
+"Èi confuz, nu este utilizat în mod întâmplÄtor. Companiile care au "
+"de câÈtigat de pe urma acestei confuzii îl promoveazÄ. Cea mai "
+"sigurÄ metodÄ de a lÄmuri confuzia este sÄ respingeÈi acest termen cu
totul."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School, the "
+"widespread use of the term “intellectual property” is a fashion "
+"that followed the 1967 founding of the World “Intellectual "
+"Property” Organization (WIPO), and only became really common in recent "
+"years. (WIPO is formally a UN organization, but in fact represents the "
+"interests of the holders of copyrights, patents, and trademarks.) Wide use "
+"dates from <a "
+"href=\"http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=intellectual+property&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=1\";>around
"
+"1990</a>. (<a href=\"/graphics/seductivemirage.png\">Local image copy</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"Conform celor spuse de profesorul Mark Lemley, care predÄ "
+"acum la Facultatea de Drept din Stanford, folosirea extensivÄ "
+"a termenului âproprietate intelectualÄâ este o modÄ care a survenit "
+"dupÄ fondarea, în 1967, a OrganizaÈiei Mondiale pentru Proprietate "
+"IntelectualÄ (World âIntellectual Propertyâ Organization - WIPO) "
+"Èi care a devenit comunÄ doar în ultimii ani. Formal, WIPO este "
+"o organizaÈie a NaÈiunilor Unite, dar reprezintÄ interesele "
+"deÈinÄtorilor de drepturi de autor, patente Èi mÄrci comerciale."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term carries a bias that is not hard to see: it suggests thinking about "
+"copyright, patents and trademarks by analogy with property rights for "
+"physical objects. (This analogy is at odds with the legal philosophies of "
+"copyright law, of patent law, and of trademark law, but only specialists "
+"know that.) These laws are in fact not much like physical property law, but "
+"use of this term leads legislators to change them to be more so. Since that "
+"is the change desired by the companies that exercise copyright, patent and "
+"trademark powers, the bias introduced by the term “intellectual "
+"property” suits them."
+msgstr ""
+"Termenul are o nuanÈÄ pÄrtinitoare, care nu este greu de observat: el
sugereazÄ cÄ trebuie sÄ gândim despre drepturi de autor, patente Èi mÄrci
comerciale ca Èi despre drepturile de proprietate asupra bunurilor fizice.
(AceastÄ analogie este în contradicÈie cu teoriile juridice despre legea
dreptului de autor, legea patentelor Èi legea mÄrcilor comerciale, dar numai
specialiÈtii Ètiu asta). De fapt, aceste legi nu prea seamÄnÄ cu cea care
se referÄ la dreptul de proprietate asupra bunurilor fizice, dar folosirea
termenului confuz âproprietate intelectualÄâ determinÄ corpurile
legiuitoare sÄ modifice legile, astfel încât asemÄnarea sÄ creascÄ.
Deoarece acestea sunt chiar schimbÄrile dorite de companiile ce deÈin
drepturi de autor, patente sau mÄrci comerciale, pÄrtinirea introdusÄ de
termenul âproprietate intelectualÄâ le convine."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The bias is reason enough to reject the term, and people have often asked me "
+"to propose some other name for the overall category—or have proposed "
+"their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions include IMPs, for "
+"Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for Government-Originated Legally "
+"Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of “exclusive rights regimes”, "
+"but referring to restrictions as “rights” is doublethink too."
+msgstr ""
+"Lipsa de neutralitate este un motiv suficient pentru a respinge termenul; în
numeroase rânduri, oamenii mi-au cerut sÄ propun o denumire alternativÄ
pentru aceastÄ categorie generalÄ â sau au propus propriile lor denumiri,
uneori hazlii. Sugestiile includ IMP (de la Imposed Monopoly Privileges â
Privilegii Impuse de Monopoluri) sau GOLEM-uri (de la Government-Originated
Legally Enforced Monopolies â Monopoluri iniÈiate de Guvern Èi Impuse prin
Lege). Unii vorbesc despre âregimuri de drepturi exclusiveâ, dar a spune
âdrepturiâ atunci când vorbeÈti despre restricÈii este, din nou, o
contradicÈie."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some of these alternative names would be an improvement, but it is a mistake "
+"to replace “intellectual property” with any other term. A "
+"different name will not address the term's deeper problem: "
+"overgeneralization. There is no such unified thing as “intellectual "
+"property”—it is a mirage. The only reason people think it makes "
+"sense as a coherent category is that widespread use of the term has misled "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+"Folosirea unora dintre termenii alternativi ar reprezenta o oarecare
îmbunÄtÄÈire, dar este o greÈealÄ sÄ Ã®nlocuieÈti âproprietate
intelectualÄâ cu orice alt termen. Un nume diferit nu va rezolva problema de
bazÄ a expresiei: suprageneralizarea. Nu existÄ acel âcevaâ numit
âproprietate intelectualÄâ - este o iluzie. Singurul motiv pentru care
oamenii tot mai cred cÄ are rost sÄ vorbeascÄ despre o asfel de categorie
generalÄ este acela cÄ folosirea prelungitÄ a termenului incorect i-a indus
profund în eroare."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” is at best a catch-all to lump "
+"together disparate laws. Nonlawyers who hear one term applied to these "
+"various laws tend to assume they are based on a common principle and "
+"function similarly."
+msgstr ""
+"Ãn cel mai bun caz, âproprietate intelectualÄâ este o expresie
acoperitoare pentru legi disparate. Persoanele fÄrÄ pregÄtire juridicÄ,
care aud cÄ un singur termen se aplicÄ acestor legi diferite, tind sÄ
creadÄ cÄ ele au un principiu comun Èi cÄ funcÈioneazÄ similar."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nothing could be further from the case. These laws originated separately, "
+"evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and "
+"raise different public policy issues."
+msgstr ""
+"Nimic nu este mai departe de realitate. Cele trei legi au origini diferite,
au evoluat separat, acoperÄ activitÄÈi diferite, cuprind seturi de reguli
diferite Èi dau naÈtere la probleme sociale care nu au nimic în comun."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright law was designed to promote authorship and art, and covers the "
+"details of expression of a work. Patent law was intended to promote the "
+"publication of useful ideas, at the price of giving the one who publishes an "
+"idea a temporary monopoly over it—a price that may be worth paying in "
+"some fields and not in others."
+msgstr ""
+"Legea drepturilor de autor (copyright) a fost proiectatÄ sÄ Ã®ncurajeze
creaÈia Èi arta Èi acoperÄ detaliile exprimÄrii unei opere. Legea
patentelor a fost gânditÄ sÄ Ã®ncurajeze publicarea unor invenÈii utile, cu
preÈul de a conferi aceluia care publicÄ o astfel de idee un monopol temporar
asupra ei â un preÈ care meritÄ plÄtit în unele domenii, iar în altele
nu."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular way "
+"of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are buying. "
+"Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual "
+"property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides "
+"incentives for advertising."
+msgstr ""
+"Din contrÄ, legea mÄrcilor comerciale nu intenÈiona sÄ Ã®ncurajeze nici
un mod anume de a acÈiona, ci doar sÄ permitÄ cumpÄrÄtorilor sÄ Ètie ce
anume cumpÄrÄ. Din pÄcate, sub influenÈa derutantÄ a termenului
âproprietate intelectualÄâ, unii legiuitori au transformat-o într-o
schemÄ care stimuleazÄ reclama anumitor produse."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since these laws developed independently, they are different in every "
+"detail, as well as in their basic purposes and methods. Thus, if you learn "
+"some fact about copyright law, you'd be wise to assume that patent law is "
+"different. You'll rarely go wrong!"
+msgstr ""
+"FiindcÄ legile acestea s-au dezvoltat independent, ele sunt diferite în
fiecare detaliu - ca Èi în ceea ce priveÈte principiile Èi metodele lor de
bazÄ. Deci, dacÄ Ã®nvÄÈaÈi ceva despre legea dreptului de autor, este
înÈelept sÄ presupuneÈi cÄ Ã®n legea patentelor lucrurile stau altfel.
Rareori vÄ veÈi înÈela!"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People often say “intellectual property” when they really mean "
+"some larger or smaller category. For instance, rich countries often impose "
+"unjust laws on poor countries to squeeze money out of them. Some of these "
+"laws are “intellectual property” laws, and others are not; "
+"nonetheless, critics of the practice often grab for that label because it "
+"has become familiar to them. By using it, they misrepresent the nature of "
+"the issue. It would be better to use an accurate term, such as "
+"“legislative colonization”, that gets to the heart of the "
+"matter."
+msgstr ""
+"De obicei, oamenii spun âproprietate intelectualÄâ atunci când, de
fapt, se referÄ la o categorie mai restrânsÄ sau mai largÄ. De exemplu,
ÈÄrile bogate impun legi nedrepte celor sÄrace, pentru a stoarce bani de la
ele. Unele dintre acestea sunt legi referitoare la âproprietatea
intelectualÄâ, altele nu; cu toate acestea, cei care criticÄ practica
cautÄ aceastÄ etichetÄ pentru cÄ le-a devenit familiarÄ. Folosind-o, ei
denatureazÄ natura faptelor. Ar fi mai bine sÄ se utilizeze un termen precis,
cum ar fi âcolonizare legislativÄâ, pentru a se ajunge la esenÈa
fenomenului."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law professors "
+"who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the seductiveness of the "
+"term “intellectual property”, and make general statements that "
+"conflict with facts they know. For example, one professor wrote in 2006:"
+msgstr ""
+"Profanii nu sunt singurii care sunt derutaÈi de aceastÄ expresie. Chiar Èi
profesorii de drept, care predau despre legile amintite, sunt ademeniÈi Èi
zÄpÄciÈi de seducÈia termenului âproprietate intelectualÄâ, ajungând
sÄ facÄ afirmaÈii ce contrazic fapte pe care deja le cunosc. De exemplu, un
profesor a scris, în 2006:"
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Unlike their descendants who now work the floor at WIPO, the framers of the "
+"US constitution had a principled, procompetitive attitude to intellectual "
+"property. They knew rights might be necessary, but…they tied "
+"congress's hands, restricting its power in multiple ways."
+msgstr ""
+"âSpre deosebire de descendenÈii lor care pun acum bazele WIPO, creatorii
ConstituÈiei americane aveau o atitudine principialÄ, pro-concurenÈialÄ,
în ceea ce priveÈte proprietatea intelectualÄ. Ei Ètiau cÄ drepturile sunt
necesare dar... au ales sÄ lege mâinile Congresului, restrângându-i
puterile în multe feluri.â"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That statement refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the US "
+"Constitution, which authorizes copyright law and patent law. That clause, "
+"though, has nothing to do with trademark law or various others. The term "
+"“intellectual property” led that professor to make false "
+"generalization."
+msgstr ""
+"AfirmaÈia se referÄ la Articolul 1, SecÈiunea 8, Paragraful 8 din
ConstituÈia Statelor Unite, care autorizeazÄ legea dreptului de autor Èi
legea patentelor. Paragraful acela, totuÈi, nu are nimic de-a face cu legea
mÄrcilor comerciale sau cu multe altele. Termenul âproprietate
intelectualÄâ îl determinÄ pe acel profesor sÄ facÄ generalizÄri false."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” also leads to simplistic "
+"thinking. It leads people to focus on the meager commonality in form that "
+"these disparate laws have—that they create artificial privileges for "
+"certain parties—and to disregard the details which form their "
+"substance: the specific restrictions each law places on the public, and the "
+"consequences that result. This simplistic focus on the form encourages an "
+"“economistic” approach to all these issues."
+msgstr ""
+"De asemenea, termenul âproprietate intelectualÄâ duce la o gândire
simplistÄ. El îi face pe oameni sÄ-Èi concentreze atenÈia asupra
asemÄnÄrii superficiale pe care aceste legi o au - privilegiile artificiale
create pentru unele dintre pÄrÈile interesate â Èi sÄ ignore detaliile ce
dau substanÈa legilor: restricÈiile specifice pe care fiecare lege le impune
publicului Èi consecinÈele lor. Concentrarea simplistÄ pe forma Èi nu pe
fondul legilor duce la o abordare fals âeconomicÄâ a tuturor
implicaÈiilor ulterioare."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Economics operates here, as it often does, as a vehicle for unexamined "
+"assumptions. These include assumptions about values, such as that amount of "
+"production matters while freedom and way of life do not, and factual "
+"assumptions which are mostly false, such as that copyrights on music "
+"supports musicians, or that patents on drugs support life-saving research."
+msgstr ""
+"Aici, economia acÈioneazÄ, aÈa cum se întâmplÄ Ã®n multe cazuri, ca un
vehicul pentru premise ce nu sunt atent examinate în prealabil. Spre exemplu,
pentru judecÄÈi de valoare - cum ar fi aceea cÄ importantÄ este valoarea
producÈiei Èi nu libertatea sau etica vieÈii - sau pentru presupuneri false
bazate pe fapte â cum ar fi acelea cÄ existenÈa drepturilor de autor în
muzicÄ ajutÄ muzicienii sau cÄ patentele farmaceutice finanÈeazÄ
cercetÄrile în medicinÄ."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term "
+"“intellectual property”, the specific issues raised by the "
+"various laws become nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics "
+"of each law—precisely what the term “intellectual "
+"property” encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue "
+"relating to copyright law is whether music sharing should be allowed; patent "
+"law has nothing to do with this. Patent law raises issues such as whether "
+"poor countries should be allowed to produce life-saving drugs and sell them "
+"cheaply to save lives; copyright law has nothing to do with such matters."
+msgstr ""
+"O altÄ problemÄ este Èi aceea cÄ, la scara largÄ impusÄ de termenul
âproprietate intelectualÄâ, efectele specifice ale fiecÄrei legi în
parte devin greu observabile. Aceste efecte provin din particularitÄÈile
fiecÄreia â adicÄ exact zona pe care termenul âproprietate
intelectualÄâ îi încurajeazÄ pe oameni s-o ignore. De exemplu, o
problemÄ ridicatÄ de legea dreptului de autor este întrebarea dacÄ schimbul
liber de înregistrÄri muzicale trebuie permis; legea patentelor n-are nimic
de-a face cu asta. Legea patentelor ridicÄ Ã®ntrebÄri cum ar fi aceea dacÄ
ÈÄrilor sÄrace ar trebui sÄ li se permitÄ sÄ producÄ medicamente Èi sÄ
le vândÄ ieftin pentru a ajuta sÄnÄtatea oamenilor; legea dreptului de
autor nu are nimic în comun cu asta."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Neither of these issues is solely economic in nature, and their noneconomic "
+"aspects are very different; using the shallow economic overgeneralization as "
+"the basis for considering them means ignoring the differences. Putting the "
+"two laws in the “intellectual property” pot obstructs clear "
+"thinking about each one."
+msgstr ""
+"Nici una dintre aceste probleme nu este strict economicÄ, iar aspectele
non-economice sunt foarte variate; folosirea generalizÄrilor âeconomiceâ
supeficiale atunci când vorbim despre asta duce doar la ignorarea
diferenÈelor. Punerea împreunÄ a mai multor legi sub umbrela
âproprietÄÈii intelectualeâ ne împiedicÄ sÄ gândim clar despre
fiecare dintre ele, luatÄ Ã®n parte."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, any opinions about “the issue of intellectual property” "
+"and any generalizations about this supposed category are almost surely "
+"foolish. If you think all those laws are one issue, you will tend to choose "
+"your opinions from a selection of sweeping overgeneralizations, none of "
+"which is any good."
+msgstr ""
+"Astfel, orice opinie despre âproblema proprietÄÈii intelectualeâ Èi
orice generalizare despre aceastÄ categorie este, mai mult ca sigur,
prosteascÄ. DacÄ credeÈi cÄ toate legile acestea reprezintÄ o singurÄ
problemÄ, atunci aveÈi tendinÈa de a vÄ forma opiniile din generalitÄÈi
mult prea largi Èi grosiere, care nu sunt bune."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to think clearly about the issues raised by patents, or "
+"copyrights, or trademarks, or various other different laws, the first step "
+"is to forget the idea of lumping them together, and treat them as separate "
+"topics. The second step is to reject the narrow perspectives and simplistic "
+"picture the term “intellectual property” suggests. Consider "
+"each of these issues separately, in its fullness, and you have a chance of "
+"considering them well."
+msgstr ""
+"DacÄ doriÈi sÄ judecaÈi clar despre chestiunile ridicate de patente,
drepturi de autor, mÄrci comerciale sau multe alte legi de acest gen, atunci
primul pas pe care trebuie sÄ-l faceÈi este sÄ renunÈaÈi la obiceiul de a
le gândi unitar Èi sÄ le trataÈi separat. Al doilea pas este acela de a
respinge viziunea simplistÄ Èi limitatÄ pe care o sugereazÄ termenul
âproprietate intelectualÄâ. LuaÈi în considerare fiecare aspect,
separat, Èi veÈi avea Èansa de a-l judeca bine."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a "
+"href=\"http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html\";>one proposal for "
+"changing the name and substance of WIPO</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Èi dacÄ este vorba sÄ reformÄm WIPO, haideÈi, printre altele, sÄ
propunem sÄ i se schimbe numele."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"PuteÈi vizita <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">README-"
+"ul despre traduceri</a> pentru informaÈii despre coordonarea Èi trimiterea "
+"traducerilor pentru acest articol."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010 Richard M. Stallman <br /> Verbatim "
+"copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted worldwide "
+"without royalty in any medium provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010 Richard M. Stallman <br /> "
+"Copierea Èi distribuirea acestui articol în mod textual sunt permise sub "
+"orice formÄ, cu condiÈia pÄstrÄrii acestei note."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Actualizat:"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr "Traduceri ale acestei pagini"
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy/po not-ipr.ro.po,
Laurentiu Buzdugan <=