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www distros/po/common-distros.es.po distros/po/...
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
Subject: |
www distros/po/common-distros.es.po distros/po/... |
Date: |
Thu, 09 Dec 2010 17:28:09 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 10/12/09 17:28:09
Modified files:
distros/po : common-distros.es.po common-distros.fr.po
common-distros.pl.po common-distros.pot
people : people.es.html
people/po : people.es.po
philosophy : free-software-intro.fr.html
free-software-intro.ml.html free-sw.es.html
open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.es.po
server : body-include-2.es.html
Added files:
philosophy : free-software-intro.pl.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/people/people.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/people/po/people.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.42&r2=1.43
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/body-include-2.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
Patches:
Index: distros/po/common-distros.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- distros/po/common-distros.es.po 7 Jul 2010 08:25:28 -0000 1.4
+++ distros/po/common-distros.es.po 9 Dec 2010 17:27:49 -0000 1.5
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: common-distros.es.html\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-05-27 04:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-12-09 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-07-05 17:09+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Hernán Giovagnoli <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -283,11 +283,18 @@
msgstr "Slackware"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We're not aware of problems in Slackware aside from the two listed above: "
+#| "there's no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree "
+#| "blobs are shipped with Linux. Of course, with no firm policy in place, "
+#| "there might be other nonfree software included that we missed."
msgid ""
"We're not aware of problems in Slackware aside from the two listed above: "
"there's no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree "
-"blobs are shipped with Linux. Of course, with no firm policy in place, "
-"there might be other nonfree software included that we missed."
+"blobs are shipped with Linux. It also ships with the non-free image-viewing "
+"program xv. Of course, with no firm policy in place, there might be other "
+"nonfree software included that we missed."
msgstr ""
"No somos conscientes de problemas en Slackware, más allá de los dos
listados "
"arriba: no existe una polÃtica especÃfica sobre el software que puede "
Index: distros/po/common-distros.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.15
retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- distros/po/common-distros.fr.po 27 May 2010 08:25:33 -0000 1.15
+++ distros/po/common-distros.fr.po 9 Dec 2010 17:27:49 -0000 1.16
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: common-distros.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-05-27 04:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-12-09 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-02-14 14:51+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Cédric Corazza <cedric.corazza AT wanadoo.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -288,11 +288,18 @@
msgstr "Slackware"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We're not aware of problems in Slackware aside from the two listed above: "
+#| "there's no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree "
+#| "blobs are shipped with Linux. Of course, with no firm policy in place, "
+#| "there might be other nonfree software included that we missed."
msgid ""
"We're not aware of problems in Slackware aside from the two listed above: "
"there's no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree "
-"blobs are shipped with Linux. Of course, with no firm policy in place, "
-"there might be other nonfree software included that we missed."
+"blobs are shipped with Linux. It also ships with the non-free image-viewing "
+"program xv. Of course, with no firm policy in place, there might be other "
+"nonfree software included that we missed."
msgstr ""
"Nous ne connaissons pas de problèmes dans Slackware, hormis ceux listés
plus "
"haut : il n'y a pas de politique claire sur les logiciels qui peuvent "
Index: distros/po/common-distros.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- distros/po/common-distros.pl.po 23 Aug 2010 16:27:01 -0000 1.2
+++ distros/po/common-distros.pl.po 9 Dec 2010 17:27:49 -0000 1.3
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: common-distros.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-05-27 04:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-12-09 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-08-23 10:43+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -288,11 +288,18 @@
msgstr "Slackware"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We're not aware of problems in Slackware aside from the two listed above: "
+#| "there's no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree "
+#| "blobs are shipped with Linux. Of course, with no firm policy in place, "
+#| "there might be other nonfree software included that we missed."
msgid ""
"We're not aware of problems in Slackware aside from the two listed above: "
"there's no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree "
-"blobs are shipped with Linux. Of course, with no firm policy in place, "
-"there might be other nonfree software included that we missed."
+"blobs are shipped with Linux. It also ships with the non-free image-viewing "
+"program xv. Of course, with no firm policy in place, there might be other "
+"nonfree software included that we missed."
msgstr ""
"Nie jesteÅmy Åwiadomi problemów wystÄpujÄ
cych w Slackware
oprócz "
"dwóch powyższych powodów: nie ma czystej polityki dotyczÄ
cej tego,
co "
Index: distros/po/common-distros.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- distros/po/common-distros.pot 27 May 2010 08:25:34 -0000 1.8
+++ distros/po/common-distros.pot 9 Dec 2010 17:27:49 -0000 1.9
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-05-27 04:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-12-09 12:27-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -213,8 +213,9 @@
msgid ""
"We're not aware of problems in Slackware aside from the two listed above: "
"there's no clear policy about what software can be included, and nonfree "
-"blobs are shipped with Linux. Of course, with no firm policy in place, "
-"there might be other nonfree software included that we missed."
+"blobs are shipped with Linux. It also ships with the non-free image-viewing "
+"program xv. Of course, with no firm policy in place, there might be other "
+"nonfree software included that we missed."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
Index: people/people.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/people/people.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- people/people.es.html 7 Dec 2010 17:27:46 -0000 1.6
+++ people/people.es.html 9 Dec 2010 17:27:52 -0000 1.7
@@ -992,18 +992,19 @@
<h3 id="k">K</h3>
-<h4><a href="http://freefriends.org/~karl/">Karl Berry</a></h4>
-<p>ha estado involucrado con GNU desde que RMS lo visitó en su casa por el
-1986. Es co-autor de <a href="/software/fontutils/">GNU font utilities</a>,
-y actualmente es el encargado de mantener, de manera voluntaria, <a
+<h4><a href="http://freefriends.org/~karl/">Karl Berry</a></h4> <p>ha estado
involucrado con GNU desde que rms lo visitó en su casa en 1986. Es
+co-autor de <a href="/software/fontutils/">GNU font utilities</a>, y
+actualmente es el encargado de mantener de manera voluntaria <a
href="/software/texinfo/">Texinfo</a> y <a
href="/software/hello/">Hello</a>. Y está codirigiendo el <a
href="/help/evaluation.html">grupo de evaluación de GNU</a>, entre otros
-proyectos con RMS. También hace otras tareas, como voluntario, relacionadas
-con las distribuciones TeX, especialmente como director del proyecto de TeX
-Live y es el co-autor de <a
-href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient/">TeX for the
-Impatient</a>.</p>
+proyectos con rms. rms le otorgó por su trabajo el tÃtulo de <span
+style="font-style:italic;" lang="en">Assistant Chief GNUisance</span>, ¡por
+el que se siente gratamente honrado!. También hace otras tareas como
+voluntario relacionadas con las distribuciones TeX, especialmente como
+director del proyecto de TeX Live y es el co-autor de <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient/" lang="en"
+style="font-style:italic;">TeX for the Impatient</a>.</p>
<h4>Karl Heuer</h4>
<p>
@@ -1849,7 +1850,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2010/12/07 17:27:46 $
+$Date: 2010/12/09 17:27:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: people/po/people.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/people/po/people.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- people/po/people.es.po 9 Dec 2010 16:31:29 -0000 1.20
+++ people/po/people.es.po 9 Dec 2010 17:27:55 -0000 1.21
@@ -2057,19 +2057,18 @@
"leader for TeX Live, and co-authored <a href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/"
"projects/teximpatient/\">TeX for the Impatient</a>."
msgstr ""
-"ha estado involucrado con GNU desde que rms lo visitó en su casa en "
-"1986. Es co-autor de <a href=\"/software/fontutils/\">GNU font utilities</"
-"a>, y actualmente es el encargado de mantener de manera voluntaria <a href="
-"\"/software/texinfo/\">Texinfo</a> y <a href=\"/software/hello/\">Hello</"
-"a>. Y está codirigiendo el <a href=\"/help/evaluation.html\">grupo de "
-"evaluación de GNU</a>, entre otros proyectos con rms. rms le otorgó por "
-"su trabajo el tÃtulo de <span style=\"font-style:italic;\" lang=\"en\">"
-"Assistant "
-"Chief GNUisance</span>, ¡por el que se siente gratamente honrado!. También "
-"hace otras tareas como voluntario relacionadas con las distribuciones TeX, "
+"ha estado involucrado con GNU desde que rms lo visitó en su casa en 1986. Es
"
+"co-autor de <a href=\"/software/fontutils/\">GNU font utilities</a>, y "
+"actualmente es el encargado de mantener de manera voluntaria <a href=\"/"
+"software/texinfo/\">Texinfo</a> y <a href=\"/software/hello/\">Hello</a>. Y "
+"está codirigiendo el <a href=\"/help/evaluation.html\">grupo de evaluación "
+"de GNU</a>, entre otros proyectos con rms. rms le otorgó por su trabajo el "
+"tÃtulo de <span style=\"font-style:italic;\" lang=\"en\">Assistant Chief "
+"GNUisance</span>, ¡por el que se siente gratamente honrado!. También hace "
+"otras tareas como voluntario relacionadas con las distribuciones TeX, "
"especialmente como director del proyecto de TeX Live y es el co-autor de <a "
-"href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient/\" lang=\"en\" "
-"style=\"font-style:italic;\">TeX for the Impatient</a>."
+"href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient/\" lang=\"en\" style="
+"\"font-style:italic;\">TeX for the Impatient</a>."
# type: Content of: <h4>
msgid "Karl Heuer"
Index: philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html 3 Dec 2010 09:28:06 -0000
1.14
+++ philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html 9 Dec 2010 17:27:59 -0000
1.15
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2010/12/03 09:28:06 $
+$Date: 2010/12/09 17:27:59 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@
<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Index: philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html 3 Dec 2010 09:28:06 -0000
1.6
+++ philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html 9 Dec 2010 17:27:59 -0000
1.7
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
à´ªàµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ:
-$Date: 2010/12/03 09:28:06 $
+$Date: 2010/12/09 17:27:59 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@
<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Malayalam -->
<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Index: philosophy/free-sw.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- philosophy/free-sw.es.html 7 Nov 2010 17:27:46 -0000 1.29
+++ philosophy/free-sw.es.html 9 Dec 2010 17:27:59 -0000 1.30
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@
La 1ª libertad incluye la libertad de usar su versión modificada en lugar de
la original. Si el programa se entrega con un producto diseñado para
ejecutar versiones modificadas de terceros, pero rechaza ejecutar las suyas,
-una práctica conocida como «tivoization» o «arranque seguro» (mediante
-listas negras); la 1ª libertad se convierte más en una ficción teórica que
-en una libertad práctica. Esto no es suficiente. En otras palabras, estos
-binarios no son software libre, incluso si se compilaron desde un código
-fuente que es libre.
+una práctica conocida como «tivoization» o «arranque seguro» (en la
+terminologÃa perversa de los que la practican); la 1ª libertad se convierte
+más en una ficción teórica que en una libertad práctica. Esto no es
+suficiente. En otras palabras, estos binarios no son software libre, incluso
+si se compilaron desde un código fuente que es libre.
</p>
<p>
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2010/11/07 17:27:46 $
+$Date: 2010/12/09 17:27:59 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html 16 May 2010 20:25:32
-0000 1.12
+++ philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html 9 Dec 2010 17:27:59
-0000 1.13
@@ -3,344 +3,369 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project - Free
-Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<title>ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”
не пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑиÑ
+“ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма” - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
-<h2>Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software</h2>
+<h2>ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”
не пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑиÑ
+“ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”</h2>
-<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑоллмен</strong></p>
+<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong></p>
-<p>Ðогда Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ð¼ пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение,
на коÑоÑом ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ñлово “free
-” Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑазÑмеваем, ÑÑо оно ÑважаеÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей: ÑвободÑ
-иÑполÑзоваÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾, изÑÑаÑÑ, изменÑÑÑ,
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸ модиÑиÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸
-ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ñже новÑÑ
модиÑиÑиÑованнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ. Свободное
пÑогÑаммное
-обеÑпеÑение ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедмеÑом ÑвободÑ, а
не ÑенÑ, как многие дÑмаÑÑ,
-напÑимеÑ, “free speech - ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑÑ”,
но “free beer
-- беÑплаÑное пиво”.</p>
-
-<p>These freedoms are vitally important. They are essential, not just for the
-individual users' sake, but for society as a whole because they promote
-social solidarity—that is, sharing and cooperation. They become even
-more important as our culture and life activities are increasingly
-digitized. In a world of digital sounds, images, and words, free software
-becomes increasingly essential for freedom in general.</p>
-
-<p>Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software; the
-public schools of some regions of India and Spain now teach all students to
-use the free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux operating
-system</a>. Most of these users, however, have never heard of the ethical
-reasons for which we developed this system and built the free software
-community, because nowadays this system and community are more often spoken
-of as “open source,”, attributing them to a different philosophy
-in which these freedoms are hardly mentioned.</p>
-
-<p>The free software movement has campaigned for computer users' freedom since
-1983. In 1984 we launched the development of the free operating system GNU,
-so that we could avoid the nonfree operating systems that deny freedom to
-their users. During the 1980s, we developed most of the essential
-components of the system and designed the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU
-General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) to release them under—a license
-designed specifically to protect freedom for all users of a program.</p>
-
-<p>Not all of the users and developers of free software agreed with the goals
-of the free software movement. In 1998, a part of the free software
-community splintered off and began campaigning in the name of “open
-source.” The term was originally proposed to avoid a possible
-misunderstanding of the term “free software,” but it soon became
-associated with philosophical views quite different from those of the free
-software movement.</p>
-
-<p>Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a “marketing
-campaign for free software,” which would appeal to business executives
-by highlighting the software's practical benefits, while not raising issues
-of right and wrong that they might not like to hear. Other supporters
-flatly rejected the free software movement's ethical and social values.
-Whichever their views, when campaigning for open source, they neither cited
-nor advocated those values. The term “open source” quickly
-became associated with ideas and arguments based only on practical values,
-such as making or having powerful, reliable software. Most of the
-supporters of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same
-association.</p>
-
-<p>Nearly all open source software is free software. The two terms describe
-almost the same category of software, but they stand for views based on
-fundamentally different values. Open source is a development methodology;
-free software is a social movement. For the free software movement, free
-software is an ethical imperative, because only free software respects the
-users' freedom. By contrast, the philosophy of open source considers issues
-in terms of how to make software “better”—in a practical
-sense only. It says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the
-practical problem at hand. For the free software movement, however, nonfree
-software is a social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and move
-to free software.</p>
-
-<p>“Free software.” “Open source.” If it's the same
-software, does it matter which name you use? Yes, because different words
-convey different ideas. While a free program by any other name would give
-you the same freedom today, establishing freedom in a lasting way depends
-above all on teaching people to value freedom. If you want to help do this,
-it is essential to speak of “free software.”</p>
-
-<p>We in the free software movement don't think of the open source camp as an
-enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software. But we want people to
-know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being mislabeled as open
-source supporters.</p>
-
-<h3>Common Misunderstandings of “Free Software” and “Open
-Source”</h3>
-
-<p>The term “free software” is prone to misinterpretation: an
-unintended meaning, “software you can get for zero price,” fits
-the term just as well as the intended meaning, “software which gives
-the user certain freedoms.” We address this problem by publishing the
-definition of free software, and by saying “Think of ‘free
-speech,’ not ‘free beer.’” This is not a perfect
-solution; it cannot completely eliminate the problem. An unambiguous and
-correct term would be better, if it didn't present other problems.</p>
-
-<p>Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their own.
-We've looked at many that people have suggested, but none is so clearly
-“right” that switching to it would be a good idea. (For
-instance, in some contexts the French and Spanish word “libre”
-works well, but people in India do not recognize it at all.) Every proposed
-replacement for “free software” has some kind of semantic
-problem—and this includes “open source software.”</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="http://opensource.org/docs/osd">official definition of
-“open source software”</a> (which is published by the Open
-Source Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived indirectly
-from our criteria for free software. It is not the same; it is a little
-looser in some respects, so the open source people have accepted a few
-licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive. Also, they judge solely
-by the license of the source code, whereas our criterion also considers
-whether a device will let you <em>run</em> your modified version of the
-program. Nonetheless, their definition agrees with our definition in most
-cases.</p>
-
-<p>However, the obvious meaning for the expression “open source
-software”—and the one most people seem to think it
-means—is “You can look at the source code.” That criterion
-is much weaker than the free software definition, much weaker also than the
-official definition of open source. It includes many programs that are
-neither free nor open source.</p>
+<p>Ðогда Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем пÑогÑаммÑ
“Ñвободной”, Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÐ¼ в видÑ, ÑÑо
+она ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">оÑновнÑе
ÑвободÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей</a>: ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ÑполнÑÑÑ ÐµÐµ,
изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐµ, а Ñакже
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñми
+или без ниÑ
. ÐÑо вопÑÐ¾Ñ ÑвободÑ, а не ÑенÑ,
Ñак ÑÑо пÑедÑÑавлÑйÑе Ñебе
+“волÑнÑÑ ÑеÑÑ”, а не “беÑплаÑное
пиво”.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ важнÑ. Ðни имеÑÑ
знаÑение не ÑолÑко Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾ÑделÑнÑÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей, но и Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñего обÑеÑÑва в
Ñелом, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они ÑпоÑобÑÑвÑÑÑ
+ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвенной
ÑолидаÑноÑÑи — Ñо еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° и
+ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва. Ðни ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑе важнее
оÑÑого, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑеÑ
ника вÑе
+болÑÑе вÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² наÑÑ ÐºÑлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸
жизнедеÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ. РмиÑе ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
звÑков,
+изобÑажений и Ñлов ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе более Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ñе.</p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑÑÑки миллионов лÑдей по вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ
иÑполÑзÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ: обÑеÑÑвеннÑе ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
ÑÑаÑов Ðндии и пÑовинÑий ÐÑпании
+ÑепеÑÑ Ð¿ÑеподаÑÑ Ð²Ñем ÑÑаÑимÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð²
Ñвободной <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме
GNU/Linux</a>. Ðднако
+болÑÑинÑÑво ÑÑиÑ
полÑзоваÑелей никогда не
ÑлÑÑало об ÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
пÑиÑинаÑ
, по
+коÑоÑÑм Ð¼Ñ ÑазÑабоÑали ÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸
поÑÑÑоили ÑообÑеÑÑво Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑой ÑиÑÑеме и ÑообÑеÑÑве
+говоÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº об “оÑкÑÑÑом иÑÑ
одном
ÑекÑÑе”, ÑооÑноÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой
+ÑилоÑоÑией, в коÑоÑой ÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐµÐ´Ð²Ð°
ÑпоминаÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðвижение за Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное
обеÑпеÑение боÑолоÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑвободÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей Ñ 1983 года. Ð 1984 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ñ
дали ÑÑаÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑке
+Ñвободной опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, ÑÑобÑ
Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ обÑ
одиÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·
+неÑвободнÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем, коÑоÑÑе
оÑказÑваÑÑ Ñвоим полÑзоваÑелÑм в
+Ñвободе. Ðа воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑе Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ XX века мÑ
ÑазÑабоÑали болÑÑинÑÑво
+оÑновнÑÑ
компоненÑов Ñакой ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸
ÑоÑÑавили <a
+href="/licenses/gpl.html">СÑандаÑÑнÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU (GNU
+GPL)</a>, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
под ÑÑой
лиÑензией,— лиÑензиÑ, ÑозданнÑÑ
+ÑпеÑиалÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑиÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðе вÑе полÑзоваÑели и ÑазÑабоÑÑики
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
+ÑоÑÑвÑÑвовали ÑелÑм Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободное
пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение.
+Ð 1998 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑаÑÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑва Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑкололаÑÑ Ð¸ наÑала кампаниÑ
Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ “оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
+ÑекÑÑа”. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин пеÑвонаÑалÑно бÑл
пÑедложен, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ¶Ð°ÑÑ
+возможного невеÑного ÑÐ¾Ð»ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑмина
“ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”,
+но оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑкоÑо он наÑал аÑÑоÑииÑоваÑÑÑÑ Ñ
ÑилоÑоÑÑкими взглÑдами, ÑовеÑÑенно
+оÑлиÑнÑми Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð³Ð»Ñдов Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение.</p>
+
+<p>Ðдни ÑÑоÑонники оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа ÑаÑÑмаÑÑивали ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин как
+“ÑекламнÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободное
пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение”,
+коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñивлекла Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
пÑедпÑинимаÑелей, подÑеÑкиваÑ
пÑакÑиÑеÑкие
+вÑгодÑ, ÑвÑзаннÑе Ñ ÑÑими пÑогÑаммами, не
заÑÑÐ°Ð³Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð² Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑов
+добÑа и зла, о коÑоÑÑÑ
они, возможно, не Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ ÑлÑÑаÑÑ. ÐÑÑгие
+ÑÑоÑонники пÑоÑÑо оÑвеÑгали ÑÑиÑеÑкие и
ÑоÑиалÑнÑе ÑенноÑÑи Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
+Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение. Ðакими
Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð¸ бÑли иÑ
взглÑдÑ, когда они
+ÑаÑовали за оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, они
не Ñпоминали и не заÑиÑали ÑÑи
+ÑенноÑÑи. ТеÑмин “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ” бÑÑÑÑо ÑÑал
+аÑÑоÑииÑоваÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑми и аÑгÑменÑами,
оÑнованнÑми ÑолÑко на пÑакÑиÑеÑкиÑ
+ÑенноÑÑÑÑ
, ÑакиÑ
, как Ñоздание и обладание
ÑÑÑекÑивнÑми надежнÑми
+пÑогÑаммами. ÐпоÑледÑÑвии к ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑло
болÑÑинÑÑво ÑÑоÑонников оÑкÑÑÑого
+иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, и они поддеÑживаÑÑ ÑÑÑ
же ÑамÑÑ Ð°ÑÑоÑиаÑиÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÑи вÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ c оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
ÑекÑÑом ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами. Ðба ÑеÑмина
опиÑÑваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑ Ð¶Ðµ
+каÑегоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм, но они ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÑÑ
взглÑдам, оÑнованнÑм на
+пÑинÑипиалÑно ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
ÑенноÑÑÑÑ
.
ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ — ÑÑо
+меÑодика ÑазÑабоÑки; ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — ÑÑо обÑеÑÑвенное
+движение. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободное
пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — ÑÑо ÑÑиÑеÑкий
импеÑаÑив, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑважаÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей.
+ÐапÑоÑив, ÑилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа ÑаÑÑмаÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
+ÑоÑки зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñого, как ÑделаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
“лÑÑÑе” —
+ÑолÑко в пÑакÑиÑеÑком ÑмÑÑле. СоглаÑно
ÑÑой ÑилоÑоÑии, неÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма — ÑÑо
неÑдовлеÑвоÑиÑелÑное ÑеÑение поÑÑавленной
+пÑакÑиÑеÑкой задаÑи. Ðднако Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
за Ñвободное
+пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — ÑÑо ÑоÑиалÑнаÑ
+пÑоблема, и ÑеÑение — пÑекÑаÑиÑÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸
+и пеÑейÑи на ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<p>“Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”.
“ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ”. ÐÑли ÑÑо одна и Ñа же пÑогÑамма,
Ñазве Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñение, каким
+из двÑÑ
названий Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑеÑеÑÑ? ÐмееÑ,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑазнÑе Ñлова пеÑедаÑÑ
+ÑазнÑе понÑÑиÑ. ХоÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма
под лÑбÑм дÑÑгим названием даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
+ÑÑ Ð¶Ðµ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑегоднÑ, ÑÑÑановление
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° поÑÑоÑнной оÑнове завиÑиÑ
+пÑежде вÑего Ð¾Ñ Ñого, бÑдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ лÑдей
пÑиÑÑаÑÑ ÑениÑÑ ÑвободÑ. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе
+помоÑÑ ÑÑомÑ, Ñо важно говоÑиÑÑ Ð¾
“ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
”.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑ, ÑÑаÑÑники Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободное
пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение, не дÑмаем о
+лагеÑе оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа как о
пÑоÑивнике: пÑоÑивник —
+неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðо Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим, ÑÑобÑ
лÑди знали, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ ÑÑоим за
+ÑвободÑ, Ñак ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ допÑÑкаем невеÑного
пÑиÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ðº ÑÑоÑонникам
+оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа.</p>
+
+<h3>РаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненнÑе заблÑждениÑ
оÑноÑиÑелÑно “ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм” и
+“оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа”</h3>
+
+<p>ТеÑмин “ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”
подвеÑжен
+невеÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑолкованиÑ: непÑеднамеÑенное
знаÑение “пÑогÑамма, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð²Ñ
+можеÑе полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ нÑлевой Ñене”, подÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин Ñак же, как
+“пÑогÑамма, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ
опÑеделеннÑе Ñвободє. ÐÑ
+ÑеÑаем ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ, пÑбликÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ñеделение
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм и говоÑÑ:
+“ÐÑмайÑе о ‘волÑной ÑеÑи’, а не о
‘беÑплаÑном
+пиве’”. ÐÑо не идеалÑное ÑеÑение; оно
не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ
+ÑÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ. ÐднознаÑнÑй и
коÑÑекÑнÑй ÑеÑмин бÑл Ð±Ñ Ð»ÑÑÑе, еÑли Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½
+не заклÑÑал в Ñебе дÑÑгиÑ
пÑоблем.</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑожалениÑ, Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
алÑÑеÑнаÑив в
английÑком ÑзÑке еÑÑÑ Ñвои пÑоблемÑ. ÐÑ
+ÑаÑÑмоÑÑели многое из Ñого, ÑÑо нам
пÑедлагали, но ниÑÑо не бÑло Ñак Ñвно
+“пÑавилÑно”, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
од на ÑÑо бÑл
Ð±Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑей
+идеей. (ÐапÑимеÑ, в некоÑоÑÑÑ
конÑекÑÑаÑ
ÑÑанÑÑзÑкое и иÑпанÑкое Ñлово
+“libre” Ñ
оÑоÑо подÑ
одиÑ, но лÑди в Ðндии
Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ ÑовÑем не
+знакомÑ). У каждой пÑедлагавÑейÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ
ÑеÑмина “ÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма” еÑÑÑ Ñа или инаÑ
ÑеманÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема — в Ñом
+ÑиÑле и Ñ “оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа”.</p>
+
+<p><a href="http://opensource.org/docs/osd">ÐÑиÑиалÑное
опÑеделение
+“пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
ÑекÑÑом”</a> (коÑоÑое
+опÑбликовано ÐниÑиаÑивной гÑÑппой
оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа и ÑлиÑком
+длинно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑиводиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ здеÑÑ) бÑло
вÑведено (коÑвенно) из наÑиÑ
+кÑиÑеÑиев ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐÑо не одно
и Ñоже, оно немного ÑиÑе в
+некоÑоÑÑÑ
аÑпекÑаÑ
, Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑоÑонники
оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа пÑинÑли
+неÑколÑко лиÑензий, коÑоÑÑе Ð¼Ñ ÑÑиÑаем
недопÑÑÑимо жеÑÑкими. ÐÑоме Ñого, они
+ÑÑдÑÑ Ð¸ÑклÑÑиÑелÑно по лиÑензии иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº наÑ
+кÑиÑеÑий ÑÑиÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñакже, Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ вам
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво <em>вÑполнÑÑÑ</em>
+модиÑиÑиÑованнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ. Тем не
менее, иÑ
опÑеделение ÑоглаÑÑеÑÑÑ
+Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñим в болÑÑинÑÑве ÑлÑÑаев.</p>
+
+<p>Ðднако оÑевидное знаÑение вÑÑажениÑ
“пÑогÑамма Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
+ÑекÑÑом” — “Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ
на иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ”,— и болÑÑинÑÑво лÑдей, поÑ
оже,
дÑмаеÑ, ÑÑо оно ÑÑо и
+ознаÑаеÑ. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÑиÑеÑий намного Ñлабее,
Ñем опÑеделение Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ,
+а Ñакже намного Ñлабее, Ñем оÑиÑиалÑное
опÑеделение оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
+ÑекÑÑа. ÐÐ¼Ñ ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ пÑогÑамм,
коÑоÑÑе не ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ ÑвободнÑми
+пÑогÑаммами, ни пÑогÑаммами Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом.</p>
<p><!-- It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
that page is no longer available. -->
-Since that obvious meaning for “open source” is not the meaning
-that its advocates intend, the result is that most people misunderstand the
-term. According to writer Neal Stephenson, “Linux is ‘open
-source’ software meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its
-source code files.” I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or
-dispute the “official” definition. I think he simply applied
-the conventions of the English language to come up with a meaning for the
-term. The state of Kansas published a similar definition: “Make use
-of open-source software (OSS). OSS is software for which the source code is
-freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary
-as to what one is allowed to do with that code.”</p>
+ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо наивное Ñолкование
“оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа” не
+ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ñого, ÑÑо его заÑиÑники
подÑазÑмевали, ÑÑо пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑомÑ, ÑÑо
+болÑÑинÑÑво лÑдей невеÑно понимаÑÑ
ÑеÑмин. СоглаÑно пиÑаÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÐилÑ
+СÑеÑенÑонÑ, “Linux — ÑÑо пÑогÑамма Ñ
‘оÑкÑÑÑÑм
+иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом’, ÑÑо попÑоÑÑÑ
ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо каждÑй Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
+копии Ñайлов иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа”. Я не
дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо он пÑеднамеÑенно
+ÑÑÑемилÑÑ Ð¾ÑвеÑгнÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ оÑпоÑиÑÑ
“оÑиÑиалÑное” опÑеделение. Я
+полагаÑ, он пÑоÑÑо пÑименил пÑавила
английÑкого ÑзÑка, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÑмÑÑл
+ÑеÑмина. ШÑÐ°Ñ ÐÐ°Ð½Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ñбликовал ÑÑ
одное
опÑеделение: “ÐÑименение
+пÑогÑамм Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом
(ÐÐÐТ). ÐÐÐТ — ÑÑо
+пÑогÑамма, иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой
Ñвободно и пÑблиÑно доÑÑÑпен, Ñ
оÑÑ ÑазнÑе
+лиÑензионнÑе ÑоглаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-ÑазномÑ
опÑеделÑÑÑ, ÑÑо позволено делаÑÑ ÑÑим
+иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом”.</p>
-<p>The <i>New York Times</i> has <a
+<p><em>ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑк ТаймÑ</em> <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html">
-run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</a> to refer to user
-beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and give
-confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers have
-practiced for decades.</p>
-
-<p>Open source supporters try to deal with this by pointing to their official
-definition, but that corrective approach is less effective for them than it
-is for us. The term “free software” has two natural meanings,
-one of which is the intended meaning, so a person who has grasped the idea
-of “free speech, not free beer” will not get it wrong again.
-But the term “open source” has only one natural meaning, which
-is different from the meaning its supporters intend. So there is no
-succinct way to explain and justify its official definition. That makes for
-worse confusion.</p>
-
-<p>Another misunderstanding of “open source” is the idea that it
-means “not using the GNU GPL.” This tends to accompany another
-misunderstanding that “free software” means “GPL-covered
-software.” These are both mistaken, since the GNU GPL qualifies as an
-open source license and most of the open source licenses qualify as free
-software licenses.</p>
-
-<p>The term “open source” has been further stretched by its
-application to other activities, such as government, education, and science,
-where there is no such thing as source code, and where criteria for software
-licensing are simply not pertinent. The only thing these activities have in
-common is that they somehow invite people to participate. They stretch the
-term so far that it only means “participatory”.</p>
-
-<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions…but Not Always</h3>
-
-<p>Radical groups in the 1960s had a reputation for factionalism: some
-organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy, and the
-two daughter groups treated each other as enemies despite having similar
-basic goals and values. The right wing made much of this and used it to
-criticize the entire left.</p>
-
-<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¾ÑениваÑÑ
движение Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
-обеÑпеÑениÑ,
-ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñи ÑазноглаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ open
source, как Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ñакими
-ÑадикалÑнÑми гÑÑппами. Ðа Ñамом деле вÑÑ
наобоÑоÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑоглаÑÐ½Ñ Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð³ÐµÑем
-open source в оÑновнÑÑ
ÑелÑÑ
и ÑенноÑÑÑÑ
, но иÑ
взглÑÐ´Ñ Ð¸ наÑи ведÑÑ Ð²Ð¾
-многиÑ
-ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
к Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¶Ðµ пÑакÑиÑеÑкомÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ — ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
-ÑазвиÑие
-Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ.</p>
-
-<p>As a result, people from the free software movement and the open source camp
-often work together on practical projects such as software development. It
-is remarkable that such different philosophical views can so often motivate
-different people to participate in the same projects. Nonetheless, there
-are situations where these fundamentally different views lead to very
-different actions.</p>
-
-<p>The idea of open source is that allowing users to change and redistribute
-the software will make it more powerful and reliable. But this is not
-guaranteed. Developers of proprietary software are not necessarily
-incompetent. Sometimes they produce a program that is powerful and
-reliable, even though it does not respect the users' freedom. Free software
-activists and open source enthusiasts will react very differently to that.</p>
-
-<p>ЧиÑÑÑй ÑнÑÑзиаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм кодом,
пока он
-не
-наÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ влиÑнием идей
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ,
-ÑкажеÑ: «Я ÑдивлÑн, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ñмогли ÑделаÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ñак
-Ñ
оÑоÑо
-без иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñей модели ÑазвиÑиÑ,
но Ð²Ñ ÑÑо Ñделали. Ðак Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ
-полÑиÑÑ
-копиÑ?» Такое оÑноÑение пÑиведÑÑ Ðº Ñой ÑÑ
еме, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ ÑвободÑ,
-и
-пÑивÑÐ´Ñ Ðº ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑеÑе.</p>
-
-<p>The free software activist will say, “Your program is very attractive,
-but I value my freedom more. So I reject your program. Instead I will
-support a project to develop a free replacement.” If we value our
-freedom, we can act to maintain and defend it.</p>
-
-<h3>Powerful, Reliable Software Can Be Bad</h3>
-
-<p>ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑнÑм и надÑжнÑм идÑÑ Ð¸Ð·
-пÑедположениÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑаммное
обеÑпеÑение ÑоздаÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑлÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
-полÑзоваÑелÑм. ÐÑли оно моÑное и надÑжное,
ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо оно ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼
-лÑÑÑе.</p>
-
-<p>But software can be said to serve its users only if it respects their
-freedom. What if the software is designed to put chains on its users? Then
-powerfulness means the chains are more constricting, and reliability that
-they are harder to remove. Malicious features, such as spying on the users,
-restricting the users, back doors, and imposed upgrades are common in
-proprietary software, and some open source supporters want to implement them
-in open source programs.</p>
-
-<p>Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for individuals
-to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict them. This
-malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) (see <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">DefectiveByDesign.org</a> and is the
-antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims to provide. And
-not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to trample your freedom, DRM
-developers try to make it hard, impossible, or even illegal for you to
-change the software that implements the DRM.</p>
-
-<p>Yet some open source supporters have proposed “open source DRM”
-software. Their idea is that, by publishing the source code of programs
-designed to restrict your access to encrypted media and by allowing others
-to change it, they will produce more powerful and reliable software for
-restricting users like you. The software would then be delivered to you in
-devices that do not allow you to change it.</p>
-
-<p>This software might be open source and use the open source development
-model, but it won't be free software since it won't respect the freedom of
-the users that actually run it. If the open source development model
-succeeds in making this software more powerful and reliable for restricting
-you, that will make it even worse.</p>
-
-<h3>Fear of Freedom</h3>
-
-<p>The main initial motivation of those who split off the open source camp from
-the free software movement was that the ethical ideas of “free
-software” made some people uneasy. That's true: raising ethical
-issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as
-convenience, is asking people to think about things they might prefer to
-ignore, such as whether their conduct is ethical. This can trigger
-discomfort, and some people may simply close their minds to it. It does not
-follow that we ought to stop talking about these issues.</p>
-
-<p>That is, however, what the leaders of open source decided to do. They
-figured that by keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only
-about the immediate practical benefits of certain free software, they might
-be able to “sell” the software more effectively to certain
-users, especially business.</p>
-
-<p>ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ
од оказалÑÑ ÑÑÑекÑивнÑм Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
ÑобÑÑвенной ÑоÑки зÑениÑ. РиÑоÑика
-Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ
оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм кодом Ñбедила многие
-пÑедпÑиÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑаÑÑнÑÑ
Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑзоваÑÑ, и
даже ÑазвиваÑÑ Ñвободное
-пÑогÑаммное
-обеÑпеÑение, коÑоÑое ÑаÑÑиÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ñе
ÑообÑеÑÑво, но ÑолÑко на повеÑÑ
ноÑÑном,
-пÑакÑиÑеÑком ÑÑовне. ФилоÑоÑиÑ
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
-кодом
-Ñ ÐµÑ ÑиÑÑо пÑакÑиÑеÑкими ÑенноÑÑÑми
пÑепÑÑÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ глÑÐ±Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ
-идей
-Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ; она
пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ
лÑдей в наÑе
-движение,
-но не ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
заÑиÑаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. ÐÑо Ñ
оÑоÑо, но
не доÑÑаÑоÑно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑиÑÑ
-ÑвободÑ.
-ÐÑивлеÑение полÑзоваÑелей к ÑвободномÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑо лиÑÑ
-ÑаÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
-пÑÑи ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑниками иÑ
ÑобÑÑвенной ÑвободÑ.</p>
-
-<p>Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to proprietary
-software for some practical advantage. Countless companies seek to offer
-such temptation, some even offering copies gratis. Why would users decline?
-Only if they have learned to value the freedom free software gives them, to
-value freedom in and of itself rather than the technical and practical
-convenience of specific free software. To spread this idea, we have to talk
-about freedom. A certain amount of the “keep quiet” approach to
-business can be useful for the community, but it is dangerous if it becomes
-so common that the love of freedom comes to seem like an eccentricity.</p>
-
-<p>That dangerous situation is exactly what we have. Most people involved with
-free software, especially its distributors, say little about
-freedom—usually because they seek to be “more acceptable to
-business.” Nearly all GNU/Linux operating system distributions add
-proprietary packages to the basic free system, and they invite users to
-consider this an advantage rather than a flaw.</p>
-
-<p>Proprietary add-on software and partially nonfree GNU/Linux distributions
-find fertile ground because most of our community does not insist on freedom
-with its software. This is no coincidence. Most GNU/Linux users were
-introduced to the system through “open source” discussion, which
-doesn't say that freedom is a goal. The practices that don't uphold freedom
-and the words that don't talk about freedom go hand in hand, each promoting
-the other. To overcome this tendency, we need more, not less, talk about
-freedom.</p>
+напеÑаÑала ÑÑаÑÑÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑ
знаÑение ÑÑого понÑÑиÑ</a> на
+пÑедваÑиÑелÑное ÑеÑÑиÑование
полÑзоваÑелÑми — пеÑедаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑомÑ
+ÑиÑÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей на пÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñанней
веÑÑии пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ полÑÑение
+конÑиденÑиалÑнÑÑ
оÑзÑвов — ÑÑо
пÑакÑиковалоÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑиками
+неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм деÑÑÑилеÑиÑми.</p>
+
+<p>СÑоÑонники оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа
пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾ÑоÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÑим, ÑказÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°
+Ñвое оÑиÑиалÑное опÑеделение, но Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÑекÑиÑÑÑÑий подÑ
од менее
+ÑÑÑекÑивен, Ñем Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ. У ÑеÑмина
“ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма” еÑÑÑ
+два еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
знаÑениÑ, одно из коÑоÑÑÑ
Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑазÑмеваем, Ñак ÑÑо
+Ñеловек, коÑоÑÑй ÑÑ
ваÑил Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ “волÑнаÑ
ÑеÑÑ, а не беÑплаÑное
+пиво”, никогда болÑÑе не Ð¿Ð¾Ð¹Ð¼ÐµÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
непÑавилÑно. У ÑеÑмина же
+“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” ÑолÑко
одно еÑÑеÑÑвенное знаÑение, и
+оно оÑлиÑно Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑениÑ, коÑоÑое
подÑазÑмеваÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÑоÑонники. Так ÑÑо неÑ
+внÑÑного ÑпоÑоба обÑÑÑниÑÑ Ð¸ опÑавдаÑÑ
его оÑиÑиалÑное опÑеделение. ÐÑо
+пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº еÑе болÑÑей неÑазбеÑиÑ
е.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑе одно заблÑждение оÑноÑиÑелÑно
“оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
+ÑекÑÑа” — мÑÑлÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо знаÑиÑ
“не иÑполÑзÑÑÑее GNU
+GPL”. ÐÑо Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑенденÑÐ¸Ñ ÑоÑеÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ
дÑÑгим заблÑждением,— ÑÑо
+“ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма” знаÑиÑ
“пÑогÑамма под GPL”. Ðи
+Ñо, ни дÑÑгое не веÑно, поÑколÑÐºÑ GNU GPL
ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÑиÑеÑиÑм оÑкÑÑÑого
+иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, и болÑÑинÑÑво лиÑензий
пÑогÑамм Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
+ÑекÑÑом можно пÑизнаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑми
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐонÑÑие “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”
впоÑледÑÑвии бÑло
+пеÑенеÑено на дÑÑгÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ,
напÑимеÑ, гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ,
+обÑазоваÑелÑнÑÑ, наÑÑнÑÑ, где Ñакого
понÑÑиÑ, как “иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ”, не ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑеÑ, и где кÑиÑеÑии
лиÑензиÑованиÑ
+пÑогÑамм пÑоÑÑо беÑÑмÑÑленнÑ.
ÐдинÑÑвенное, ÑÑо обÑединÑÐµÑ ÑÑи видÑ
+деÑÑелÑноÑÑи — ÑÑо ÑÑо они Ñем или
инÑм обÑазом пÑиглаÑаÑÑ Ð»Ñдей
+к ÑÑаÑÑиÑ. Ðни ÑаÑÑÑнÑли ÑÑо понÑÑие до
Ñого, ÑÑо оно ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑолÑко
+ÑÑаÑÑие Ñо ÑÑоÑонÑ.</p>
+
+<h3>РазлиÑнÑе ÑенноÑÑи могÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑи к ÑÑ
однÑм заклÑÑениÑм… но не вÑегда</h3>
+
+<p>РадикалÑнÑе гÑÑÐ¿Ð¿Ñ ÑеÑÑидеÑÑÑÑÑ
годов
XX века бÑли извеÑÑÐ½Ñ Ñвоей
+ÑклонноÑÑÑÑ Ðº ÑаÑколам: оÑганизаÑии
ÑазбивалиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·-за неÑоглаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² деÑалÑÑ
+ÑÑÑаÑегии, и две доÑеÑние гÑÑÐ¿Ð¿Ñ ÑÑиÑали
дÑÑг дÑÑга пÑоÑивниками неÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+Ñо, ÑÑо оÑновнÑе Ñели и ÑенноÑÑи Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
бÑли
ÑÑ
однÑ. ÐÑавое кÑÑло вÑÑÑеÑки
+ÑаздÑвало ÑÑо и полÑзовалоÑÑ ÑÑим длÑ
кÑиÑики левÑÑ
вообÑе.</p>
+
+<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑмалиÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ за
Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение,
+ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñи ÑазноглаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñ “оÑкÑÑÑÑм
иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом” Ñ
+ÑазноглаÑиÑми Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ñеми ÑадикалÑнÑми
гÑÑппами. Ðни пеÑевоÑаÑиваÑÑ Ð²Ñе Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð³
+на головÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑоглаÑÐ½Ñ Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð³ÐµÑем
оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа в оÑновнÑÑ
+ÑелÑÑ
и ÑенноÑÑÑÑ
, но иÑ
и наÑи взглÑдÑ
пÑиводÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ многиÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
к одномÑ
+и ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¶Ðµ пÑакÑиÑеÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ —
ÑакомÑ, как ÑазÑабоÑка
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе лÑди из Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение и из
+лагеÑÑ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа ÑаÑÑо
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑе над пÑакÑиÑеÑкими
+пÑоекÑами — Ñакими, как ÑазÑабоÑка
пÑогÑамм. ÐамеÑаÑелÑно, ÑÑо
+Ñакие ÑазнÑе ÑилоÑоÑÑкие взглÑÐ´Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ
Ñак ÑаÑÑо моÑивиÑоваÑÑ ÑазнÑÑ
лÑдей
+на ÑÑаÑÑие в одниÑ
и ÑеÑ
же пÑоекÑаÑ
. Тем не
менее еÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑаÑии, в коÑоÑÑÑ
+ÑÑи пÑинÑипиалÑно ÑазлиÑнÑе взглÑÐ´Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÑÑ
к ÑовеÑÑенно ÑазнÑм дейÑÑвиÑм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа ÑоÑÑоиÑ
в Ñом, ÑÑо ÑазÑеÑение полÑзоваÑелÑм
+изменÑÑÑ Ð¸ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
ÑÑÑекÑивнее и надежнее. Ðо
+ÑÑо не гаÑанÑиÑовано. РазÑабоÑÑики
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не обÑзаÑелÑно
+некомпеÑенÑнÑ. Ðногда они вÑпÑÑкаÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑÑекÑивна и надежна,
+Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð° и не ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ
полÑзоваÑелей. ÐкÑивиÑÑÑ Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑнÑÑзиаÑÑÑ
оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа ÑеагиÑÑÑÑ
+на ÑÑо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-ÑазномÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ЧиÑÑÑй ÑнÑÑзиаÑÑ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа — ÑоÑ, кÑо ÑовеÑÑенно
+не подвеÑжен влиÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ, ÑкажеÑ:
+“Я не дÑмал, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ ÑÑмееÑе заÑÑавиÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñак Ñ
оÑоÑо
+без пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñей модели ÑазÑабоÑки, но
Ð²Ñ ÑÑо Ñделали. Ðак мне полÑÑиÑÑ
+копиÑ?” Такое оÑноÑение бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑ
емÑ, коÑоÑÑе оÑнимаÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
+ÑвободÑ, и пÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ðº ее ÑÑÑаÑе.</p>
+
+<p>ÐкÑивиÑÑ Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑкажеÑ: “ÐаÑа пÑогÑамма
+оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑивлекаÑелÑна, но не ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¹
ÑвободÑ. Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¹Ð´ÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· нее.
+ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑ, коÑоÑÑй
ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð°Ð»ÑÑеÑнаÑивÑ
+ваÑей пÑогÑамме”. Раз Ð¼Ñ Ñеним ÑвоÑ
ÑвободÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑвоваÑÑ,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑ Ð¸ заÑиÑиÑÑ ÐµÐµ.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐÑÑекÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма можеÑ
бÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
ой</h3>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑлÑ, бÑдÑо Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
бÑли ÑÑÑекÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð¸ надежнÑ, ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·
+пÑедположениÑ, ÑÑо они ÑоздаÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
ÑлÑжиÑÑ Ñвоим полÑзоваÑелÑм. ÐÑли
+пÑогÑамма ÑÑÑекÑивна и надежна, ÑÑо
знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо она ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ лÑÑÑе.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо говоÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑамма ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ñвоим
полÑзоваÑелÑм, можно ÑолÑко Ñогда,
+когда она ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
ÑвободÑ. ЧÑо, еÑли
пÑогÑамма ÑазÑабаÑÑваеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей в кандалÑ?
Тогда ÑÑÑекÑивноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаеÑ, ÑÑо
+Ñепи жмÑÑ ÑилÑнее, а надежноÑÑÑ — ÑÑо
иÑ
ÑÑÑднее
+ÑбÑоÑиÑÑ. ÐÑедоноÑнÑе ÑÑнкÑии, Ñакие, как
Ñлежка за полÑзоваÑелÑми,
+огÑаниÑение полÑзоваÑелей, лазейки и
пÑинÑдиÑелÑнÑе Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, и некоÑоÑÑе
ÑÑоÑонники оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа
+пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑеализоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в пÑогÑаммаÑ
Ñ
оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом.</p>
+
+<p>Ðод давлением компаний видео- и
звÑкозапиÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñного
+полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе в болÑÑей
ÑÑепени ÑпеÑиалÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
+огÑаниÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей. ÐÑа
злонамеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑÑа извеÑÑна как DRM, или
+“ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление пÑепÑÑÑÑвиÑми”
(Ñм. <a
+href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>). ÐÑо
+моÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑивоположноÑÑÑ Ñвободе,
коÑоÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÑемÑÑÑÑ
+пÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ. Рне ÑолÑко моÑалÑной:
поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÐµÐ»Ñ DRM ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑобÑ
+попÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑвободÑ, ÑазÑабоÑÑики DRM
ÑÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÑднÑм,
+невозможнÑм или даже пÑоÑивозаконнÑм длÑ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑение изменений в пÑогÑаммÑ,
+коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑеализÑÐµÑ DRM.</p>
+
+<p>РвÑе же некоÑоÑÑе ÑÑоÑонники оÑкÑÑÑого
иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа пÑедложили
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ “DRM Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
ÑекÑÑом”. ÐÑ
+Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ — в Ñом, ÑÑо, пÑбликÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм,
+ÑазÑабоÑаннÑÑ
, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
доÑÑÑп к ÑиÑÑованнÑм ноÑиÑелÑм, и
+позволÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾, они
пÑоизведÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑекÑивнÑе и надежнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениÑ
полÑзоваÑелей — ÑакиÑ
, как вÑ. РпоÑом
+ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма бÑла Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑавлена вам в
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑваÑ
, коÑоÑÑе не позволÑÑÑ
+вам изменÑÑÑ ÐµÐµ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑа пÑогÑамма могла Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой Ñ
оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом и
+пÑименÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки, но она не
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ñвободной, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð° не
+бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑважаÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей,
коÑоÑÑе на Ñамом деле запÑÑкаÑÑ
+ее. ÐÑли ÑÑа Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки позволиÑ
пÑогÑамме более ÑÑÑекÑивно и надежно
+огÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ, Ñо ÑÑо ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÐµÐµ еÑе Ñ
Ñже.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐоÑÐ·Ð½Ñ ÑвободÑ</h3>
+
+<p>ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑвонаÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÑиваÑÐ¸Ñ ÑеÑ
,
кÑо оÑделилÑÑ Ð² лагеÑÑ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого
+иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо
ÑÑиÑеÑкие идеи “ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм” оÑпÑгиваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
лÑдей.
ÐÑо пÑавда: поднимаÑÑ Ñакие
+ÑÑиÑеÑкие вопÑоÑÑ, как Ñвобода, говоÑиÑÑ
об оÑвеÑÑÑвенноÑÑи, а не ÑолÑко об
+ÑдобÑÑве, знаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей дÑмаÑÑ Ð¾
веÑаÑ
, коÑоÑÑе они, возможно,
+пÑедпоÑли Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð³Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑоваÑÑ, напÑимеÑ,
ÑÑиÑен ли иÑ
обÑаз жизни. ÐÑо можеÑ
+вÑзÑваÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑкомÑоÑÑ, и некоÑоÑÑе могÑÑ
пÑоÑÑо оÑвеÑнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого.
+Ðо из ÑÑого не ÑледÑеÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
пеÑеÑÑаÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑиÑ
пÑоблемаÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>Ðменно ÑÑо, Ñем не менее, ÑеÑили ÑделаÑÑ
лидеÑÑ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого
+иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа. Ðни понÑли, ÑÑо ÑмалÑиваÑ
+об ÑÑике и Ñвободе и говоÑÑ ÑолÑко о
немедленнÑÑ
пÑакÑиÑеÑкиÑ
вÑгодаÑ
+опÑеделеннÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, они
могли Ð±Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑекÑивно
+“вÑÑÑиваÑÑ” ÑÑи пÑогÑаммÑ
опÑеделеннÑм полÑзоваÑелÑм, оÑобенно
+пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ
од оказалÑÑ ÑÑÑекÑивнÑм Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
ÑобÑÑвенной ÑоÑки зÑениÑ. ÐозÑнги
+оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа Ñбедили многие
пÑедпÑиÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑаÑÑнÑÑ
лиÑ
+иÑполÑзоваÑÑ Ð¸ даже ÑазвиваÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑо ÑаздвинÑло Ñамки
+наÑего ÑообÑеÑÑва, но ÑолÑко на повеÑÑ
ноÑÑном, пÑакÑиÑеÑком
+ÑÑовне. ФилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа Ñ ÐµÐµ ÑиÑÑо пÑакÑиÑеÑкими
+ÑенноÑÑÑми пÑепÑÑÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ
глÑбокиÑ
идей Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ; она пÑиводиÑ
многиÑ
лÑдей в наÑе ÑообÑеÑÑво, но не
+ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
заÑиÑаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. ÐÑо Ñамо по Ñебе Ñ
оÑоÑо, но ÑÑого не доÑÑаÑоÑно, ÑÑобÑ
+обеÑпеÑиÑÑ ÑвободÑ. ÐÑивлеÑение
полÑзоваÑелей к ÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммам
+оÑкÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð¼ лиÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑи, на коÑоÑом
они ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑниками Ñвоей
+ÑобÑÑвенной ÑвободÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Рано или поздно ÑÑиÑ
полÑзоваÑелей
пÑиглаÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´ к неÑвободнÑм
+пÑогÑаммам Ñади какой-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкой
вÑгодÑ. ÐеÑÑиÑленнÑе компании
+ÑÑÑемÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедложиÑÑ Ñакое иÑкÑÑение,
некоÑоÑÑе даже пÑедлагаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑплаÑнÑе
+копии. Ркаком ÑлÑÑае полÑзоваÑели бÑдÑÑ
оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ? ТолÑко еÑли они
+наÑÑилиÑÑ ÑениÑÑ ÑвободÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ даÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,— ÑениÑÑ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑаковÑÑ, а не ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкие и
пÑакÑиÑеÑкие ÑдобÑÑва конкÑеÑной
+Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑазнеÑÑи ÑÑÑ
мÑÑлÑ, нам необÑ
одимо говоÑиÑÑ Ð¾
+Ñвободе. ÐодÑ
од “ÑпокойÑÑвие! ÑолÑко
ÑпокойÑÑвие!” в
+опÑеделенной меÑе Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·ÐµÐ½ длÑ
ÑообÑеÑÑва, но ÑÑо опаÑно, еÑли
+ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑолÑко обÑÑнÑм, ÑÑо лÑÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ðº
Ñвободе наÑинаÑÑ ÑÑиÑаÑÑ
+ÑкÑÑенÑÑиÑноÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑа опаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ — в ÑоÑноÑÑи
Ñо, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво
+лÑдей, занимаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами, оÑобенно поÑÑавÑики, мало
+говоÑÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободе — обÑÑно по пÑиÑине
ÑÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+“более пÑиемлемÑми Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
кÑÑгов”. ÐоÑÑи вÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
+опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux добавлÑÑÑ
неÑвободнÑе пакеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм к
+оÑновной Ñвободной ÑиÑÑеме, и они
пÑиглаÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваÑÑ
ÑÑо
+как доÑÑоинÑÑво, а не изÑÑн.</p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑвободнÑе дополниÑелÑнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
пÑакÑиÑеÑки неÑвободнÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ
+опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux наÑ
одÑÑ
благодаÑнÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑомÑ, ÑÑо
+болÑÑинÑÑво в наÑем ÑообÑеÑÑве не
наÑÑÐ°Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвободе ÑвоиÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐÑо
+не ÑлÑÑайно. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво полÑзоваÑелей
GNU/Linux познакомилоÑÑ Ñ ÑиÑÑемой
+ÑеÑез обÑÑждение “оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа”, в Ñ
оде коÑоÑого
+не говоÑиÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñвобода — ÑÑо ÑелÑ.
ÐодÑ
одÑ, коÑоÑÑе не
+оÑÑÑаиваÑÑ ÑвободÑ, и Ñлова, коÑоÑÑе не
говоÑÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободе, идÑÑ ÑÑка об
+ÑÑкÑ, поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑг дÑÑга. ЧÑобÑ
пÑеодолеÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑенденÑиÑ, нам нÑжно
+болÑÑе, а не менÑÑе, говоÑиÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободе.</p>
<h3>ÐаклÑÑение</h3>
-<p>As the advocates of open source draw new users into our community, we free
-software activists must shoulder the task of bringing the issue of freedom
-to their attention. We have to say, “It's free software and it gives
-you freedom!”—more and louder than ever. Every time you say
-“free software” rather than “open source,” you help
-our campaign.</p>
+<p>Ðогда ÑÑоÑонники оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа вÑÑгиваÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелей в
+наÑе ÑообÑеÑÑво, мÑ, акÑивиÑÑÑ Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ, должнÑ
+взÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвои плеÑи задаÑÑ Ð¿ÑивлеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ðº вопÑоÑÑ ÑвободÑ. ЧаÑе и
+гÑомÑе, Ñем когда-либо, Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ:
“ÐÑо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма,
+она Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑвободÑ!” ÐаждÑй Ñаз, когда
Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе “ÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма” а не “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ”, Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÐµÑе
+наÑей кампании.</p>
-<h4>ÐамеÑки</h4>
+<h4>ÐÑимеÑаниÑ</h4>
<p>
-Joe Barr's article, <a
-href="http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/">“Live and
-let license,”</a> gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
+СÑаÑÑÑ Ðжо ÐаÑÑа <a
+href="http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/">Ðиви
+и Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÑазÑеÑаÑÑ</a> оÑÑÐ°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑоÑкÑ
зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ.</p>
<p>
-<a
href="http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.pdf">ÐокÑменÑ</a>
-ÐакÑ
ани
-и ÐолÑÑа о моÑиваÑии ÑазÑабоÑÑиков
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ
-говоÑиÑ,
-ÑÑо болÑÑинÑÑво взглÑдов за Ñо, ÑÑо
пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение должно бÑÑÑ
-ÑвободнÑм.
-ÐеÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо, ÑÑо они опÑаÑивали
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков на поÑÑале SourceForge,
-ÑайÑе,
-коÑоÑÑй не поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ о Ñом, ÑÑо
ÑÑо ÑÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема.</p>
+РабоÑа ÐакÑ
ани и ÐолÑÑа <a
+href="http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.pdf">о моÑиваÑии
+ÑазÑабоÑÑиков ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a>
говоÑиÑ, ÑÑо знаÑиÑелÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ
+моÑивиÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð·Ð³Ð»Ñдами, ÑоглаÑно коÑоÑÑм
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми. Ð
+ÑÑо неÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо, ÑÑо они опÑаÑивали
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков на
+SourceForge — ÑайÑе, коÑоÑÑй не ÑазделÑеÑ
Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, ÑÑо
+ÑÑо — вопÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑики.</p>
<div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -352,17 +377,21 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
-href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send
-broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑобÑ
ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ Ñондом. <br />
+ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и
+дÑÑгие попÑавки или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ
<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
-<p>Copyright © 2007 Richard Stallman<br />
-РазÑеÑаеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ñловное копиÑование и
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи Ñеликом
-на лÑбом ноÑиÑеле, без какиÑ
-либо
гоноÑаÑов, пÑи ÑÑловии ÑоÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого
-замеÑаниÑ.
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010 Richard Stallman <br /> Copyright © 2010
+Free Software Foundation, Inc. <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of
+this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is
+preserved. <br />(РазÑеÑаеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ñловное
копиÑование и ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение вÑей
+ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи
+на лÑбом ноÑиÑеле пÑи ÑÑловии ÑоÑ
ÑанениÑ
ÑÑого
+замеÑаниÑ.)
</p>
@@ -374,7 +403,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2010/05/16 20:25:32 $
+$Date: 2010/12/09 17:27:59 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -386,7 +415,7 @@
<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
<div id="translations">
-<h4>ÐÑа ÑÑÑаниÑа на дÑÑгиÑ
ÑзÑкаÑ
</h4>
+<h4>ÐеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑой ÑÑÑаниÑÑ</h4>
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
@@ -411,6 +440,10 @@
<li><a hreflang="ml"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a hreflang="nl"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
<!-- Russian -->
<li><a hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
<!-- Tamil -->
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.42
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -b -r1.42 -r1.43
--- philosophy/po/free-sw.es.po 9 Dec 2010 16:45:50 -0000 1.42
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.es.po 9 Dec 2010 17:28:03 -0000 1.43
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr ""
"La Definición de Software Libre - Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation "
"(FSF)"
@@ -91,7 +92,8 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0)."
-msgstr "La libertad de ejecutar el programa, para cualquier propósito
(libertad 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"La libertad de ejecutar el programa, para cualquier propósito (libertad 0)."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@
"condición necesaria para ello."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
(freedom 2)."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2)."
msgstr ""
"La libertad de redistribuir copias para que pueda ayudar al prójimo "
"(libertad 2)."
Index: server/body-include-2.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/body-include-2.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- server/body-include-2.es.html 5 Dec 2010 01:28:39 -0000 1.9
+++ server/body-include-2.es.html 9 Dec 2010 17:28:06 -0000 1.10
@@ -22,22 +22,22 @@
<div id="searcher">
<form method="get" action="http://www.gnu.org/cgi-bin/estseek.cgi">
- <div><label class="netscape4" for="phrase">Search:</label> <input
name="phrase"
-id="phrase" type="text" size="18" accesskey="s" value="Why GNU/Linux?"
-onfocus="this.value=''" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /></div>
+ <div><label class="netscape4" for="phrase">Búsqueda:</label> <input
name="phrase"
+id="phrase" type="text" size="18" accesskey="s" value="¿Por qué GNU/Linux?"
+onfocus="this.value=''" /> <input type="submit" value="Buscar" /></div>
<!-- unnamed label -->
</form>
</div>
<!-- /searcher -->
<ul>
- <li id="tabPhilosophy"><a href=
"/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy</a></li>
+ <li id="tabPhilosophy"><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.es.html">FilosofÃa</a></li>
<li id="tabLicenses"><a href="/licenses/licenses.es.html">Licencias</a></li>
<li id="tabSoftware"><a href="/software/software.es.html">Descargas</a></li>
<li id="tabDoc"><a href="/doc/doc.es.html">Documentación</a></li>
<li id="tabHelp"><a href="/help/help.es.html">Ayude a GNU</a></li>
- <li id="joinfsftab"><a
-href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052">Join the FSF!</a></li>
+ <li id="joinfsftab"><a
href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom?referrer=4052"
+>¡Ãnase a la FSF!</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
Index: philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html
diff -N philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html 9 Dec 2010 17:27:59 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Ruch Wolnego Oprogramowania - Projekt GNU - Fundacja Wolnego
Oprogramowania
+(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<h2>Ruch Wolnego Oprogramowania</h2>
+
+<p>
+Ludzie używajÄ
wolne systemy operacyjne takie jak <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> z rozmaitych
+powodów. Wielu użytkowników używa ich ze wzglÄdów praktycznych:
bo sÄ
+skuteczne w użytku, bo sÄ
bardziej niezawodne, albo dlatego,
+że majÄ
wiÄkszy wybór w oprogramowaniu.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To sÄ
dobre powody – ale stawka toczy siÄ o coÅ wiÄcej niż
+tylko wygodÄ. Prawdziwym powodem jest wolnoÅÄ Wasza i Waszej
+spoÅecznoÅci.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+IdeÄ
Ruchu Wolnego Oprogramowania jest to, że użytkownicy komputerów
<a
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">zasÅugujÄ
na wolnoÅÄ tworzenia
+wspólnoty</a>. PowinniÅcie mieÄ wolnoÅÄ, aby sobie
pomagaÄ –
+poprawiajÄ
c kod źródÅowy lub robiÄ
c cokolwiek innego. PowinniÅcie
też
+pomagaÄ sÄ
siadom, pozwalajÄ
c im na dystrybucjÄ kopii programów,
+a także mieÄ wolnoÅÄ do budowy wÅasnej spoÅecznoÅci
+poprzez publikacjÄ poprawionych wersji programu, które każdy może
+używaÄ.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To czy program jest wolnym oprogramowaniem gÅównie zależy od jego
+licencji. OczywiÅcie program może byÄ również niewolny kiedy nie macie
+wglÄ
du w kod źródÅowy lub gdy sprzÄt nie pozwala Wam
+na używanie zmodyfikowanych wersji (nazywamy to
+„tivoization”).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Nasza <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">rozszerzona definicja</a> wolnego
+oprogramowania mówi jak licencjonowaÄ oprogramowanie, aby byÅo
+wolne. Mamy również artykuÅy o <a
+href="/philosophy/philosophy.html#LicensingFreeSoftware">konkretnych
+licencjach</a> mówiÄ
ce o korzyÅciach i wadach niektórych licencji,
+które zostaÅy zakwalifikowane jako wolne i dlaczego inne licencje sÄ
+zbyt restrykcyjne, aby je zakwalifikowaÄ.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+W 1998 termin „open source” zostaÅ stworzony
+i powiÄ
zany z <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">poglÄ
dami różniÄ
cymi
+siÄ od naszych</a>. Te poglÄ
dy mówiÄ
tylko o praktycznym zastosowaniu
+wolnego oprogramowania i unikajÄ
kwestii wolnoÅci i solidarnoÅci
+spoÅecznej, o której mówi Ruch Wolnego Oprogramowania. Idea oprogramowania
+open source nie jest zÅa, ale jest niewystarczajÄ
ca. Nie mamy nic
+przeciwko pracowania z ludźmi reprezentujÄ
cymi open source
+w zajÄciach praktycznych takich jak tworzenie oprogramowania,
+ale nie zgadzamy siÄ ich poglÄ
dami i nie zalecamy dziaÅania
+pod ich nazwÄ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+JeÅli uważacie, że wolnoÅÄ i spoÅecznoÅÄ sÄ
ważne dla
naszego
+dobra, doÅÄ
cz do nas używajÄ
c terminu „wolne
+oprogramowanie” i pomóż nam tÄ ideÄ rozpowszechniaÄ.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pl.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Pytania dotyczÄ
ce GNU i FSF prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. IstniejÄ
także <a
+href="/contact/contact.html">inne sposoby skontaktowania siÄ</a>
+z FSF. <br /> Informacje o niedziaÅajÄ
cych odnoÅnikach
+oraz inne poprawki (lub propozycje) prosimy wysyÅaÄ na adres <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Aby zapoznaÄ siÄ z informacjami dotyczÄ
cymi tÅumaczenia
+i koordynowania tÅumaczeÅ artykuÅów, proszÄ odwiedziÄ stronÄ <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.pl.html">tÅumaczeÅ</a>. <br />
+Komentarze odnoÅnie tÅumaczenia polskiego oraz zgÅoszenia dotyczÄ
ce
+chÄci wspóÅpracy w tÅumaczeniu prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any
+medium, provided this notice is preserved. <br /> Zezwala siÄ
+na wykonywanie i dystrybucjÄ wiernych kopii tego tekstu,
+niezależnie od noÅnika, pod warunkiem zachowania niniejszego
+zezwolenia.</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+TÅumaczenie: Oskar GaÅecki 2010; poprawki: Jan Owoc.</div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Aktualizowane:
+
+$Date: 2010/12/09 17:27:59 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>TÅumaczenia tej strony</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Malayalam -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.ml.html">മലയാളം</a> [ml]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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