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www distros/distros.es.html distros/distros.it....
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www distros/distros.es.html distros/distros.it.... |
|
Date: |
Thu, 08 Jul 2010 08:27:02 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 10/07/08 08:27:01
Modified files:
distros : distros.es.html distros.it.html distros.pl.html
gnu : why-gnu-linux.pl.html
gnu/po : why-gnu-linux.pl.po
licenses : gpl-faq.ta.html
philosophy : free-doc.es.html free-doc.pl.html
free-sw.pl.html no-word-attachments.pl.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.pl.po freedom-or-copyright.fa.po
freedom-or-copyright.fr.po
freedom-or-copyright.pot
no-word-attachments.pl.po
Added files:
distros : distros.zh-cn.html
gnu : thegnuproject.sq.html why-gnu-linux.sq.html
philosophy : misinterpreting-copyright.zh-cn.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/distros.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/distros.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/distros.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/distros.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/thegnuproject.sq.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sq.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/gpl-faq.ta.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-doc.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-doc.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.59&r2=1.60
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.44&r2=1.45
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fa.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
Patches:
Index: distros/distros.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/distros.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- distros/distros.es.html 27 Jun 2010 20:26:57 -0000 1.10
+++ distros/distros.es.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:40 -0000 1.11
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2010/06/27 20:26:57 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:40 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -110,20 +110,20 @@
<div id="translations">
<h4>Traducciones de esta página</h4>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
-<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
@@ -131,10 +131,16 @@
<li><a href="/distros/distros.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Slovak -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<li><a
href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Index: distros/distros.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/distros.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- distros/distros.it.html 3 Jul 2010 08:25:18 -0000 1.2
+++ distros/distros.it.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:40 -0000 1.3
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2010/07/03 08:25:18 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:40 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -109,20 +109,20 @@
<div id="translations">
<h4>Traduzioni di questa pagina</h4>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
-<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
@@ -130,10 +130,16 @@
<li><a href="/distros/distros.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Slovak -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<li><a
href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Index: distros/distros.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/distros.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- distros/distros.pl.html 6 Jul 2010 20:25:37 -0000 1.2
+++ distros/distros.pl.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:40 -0000 1.3
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2010/07/06 20:25:37 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:40 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -107,20 +107,20 @@
<div id="translations">
<h4>TÅumaczenia tej strony</h4>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
-<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Arabic -->
<li><a
href="/distros/distros.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
@@ -128,10 +128,16 @@
<li><a href="/distros/distros.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- Spanish -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Italian -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/distros/distros.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
<!-- Slovak -->
<li><a href="/distros/distros.sk.html">slovenčina</a> [sk]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<li><a
href="/distros/distros.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Index: gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html 4 Apr 2007 07:32:59 -0000 1.18
+++ gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:43 -0000 1.19
@@ -1,176 +1,316 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";>
-
-<head>
-<title>Dlaczego GNU/Linux?
- - Projekt GNU - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
- <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-2"
/>
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
- <link rev="made" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
- <link rev="translated" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
- <!-- transl.: wkotwica -->
-</head>
-
-<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
-<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
-<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
-<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
-<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
-
-<body xml:lang="pl" lang="pl">
-
-<p><a href="#translations">T³umaczenia</a> tej strony</p>
-
-<h2>Czym¿e jest nazwa?</h2>
-<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<p>
-<a href="/graphics/agnuhead.pl.html">
-<img src="/graphics/gnu-head-sm.jpg"
- alt=" [rysunek g³owy GNU] "
- width="129" height="122" /></a>
-</p>
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Dlaczego GNU/Linux? - Projekt GNU - Fundacja wolnego oprogramowania
(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<h2>Czymże jest nazwa?</h2>
+
+<p><strong>autor: <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></strong></p>
<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>Wiêcej na temat tego zagadnuienia mo¿na dowiedzieæ siê
z naszego <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.pl.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a> oraz
tekstu <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">U¿ytkownicy GNU, którzy
nigdy nie s³yszeli o GNU</a>.</p></blockquote>
+ <blockquote><p>Aby dowiedzieÄ siÄ wiÄcej na ten temat możesz również
przeczytaÄ <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, stronÄ na temat <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux i GNU Project</a>, która podaje
+historiÄ systemu GNU/Linux jeÅli chodzi o nazewnictwo, i naszÄ
stonÄ o
+<a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">Użytkownikach GNU, którzy
+nigdy nie sÅyszeli o GNU</a>.
+
+</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>
-<!--
-Tytu³ oraz cytat o ró¿y na podstawie <i>Romea i Julii</i>
-(Akt II, scena 2) w t³umaczeniu Macieja S³omczyñskiego.
- Julia:
- What`s in a name? that which we call a rose
- By any other name would smell as sweet;
--->
-Nazwy nios± znaczenia – dokonany przez nas wybór okre¶leñ decyduje
o znaczeniu tego, co mówimy. Nieodpowiednia nazwa daje ludziom b³êdne
pojêcie o rzeczy. Ró¿a s³odko pachnia³aby pod ka¿d± inn± nazw±, ale gdy
nazwiecie j± d³ugopisem, ludzie bêd± raczej zmieszani próbuj±c ni± pisaæ.
A je¶li bêdziecie d³ugopisy nazywaæ „ró¿ami”, inni mog± nie
dostrzec, do czego s³u¿±. Je¶li nasz system operacyjny okre¶lacie mianem
„Linux”, przekazujecie mylne wyobra¿enie o jego pochodzeniu,
historii i celu istnienia. Kiedy nazywacie go <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linux</a>, nazwa zawiera w sobie
w³a¶ciwe, choæ niezbyt dok³adne, pojêcie.</p>
-<p>
-Ale czy to ma znaczenie dla naszej spo³eczno¶ci? Czy jest wa¿ne, czy ludzie
znaj± pochodzenie, historie i cel systemu? Tak, gdy¿ ci, którzy zapominaj±
o przesz³o¶ci bywaj± czêsto skazani na jej powtarzanie. Wolny ¶wiat, który
powsta³ wokó³ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linuksa</a> nie jest
bezpieczny. Problemy, które przywiod³y nas do stworzenia GNU nie zosta³y
wykorzenione i grozi nam, ¿e powróc±.</p>
-<p>
-Kiedy wyja¶niam, dlaczego w³a¶ciwym jest nazywanie systemu
„GNU/Linux”, a nie „Linux”, czasami ludzie odpowiadaj±
tak:</p>
- <blockquote><p><em>
- Jasne, ¿e Projekt GNU zas³uguje na uznanie za swoj± pracê, ale czy
naprawdê warto robiæ tyle zamieszania wokó³ tego, ¿e inni tego nie przyznaj±?
Czy nie jest w gruncie rzeczy wa¿ne to, ¿e zadanie zosta³o wykonane,
a nie to, kto je wykona³? Lepiej odpoczywajcie, napawajcie siê dum±
z dobrze wykonanej roboty i nie przejmujcie siê uznaniem.
- </em></p></blockquote>
-<p>
-By³aby to m±dra rada, gdyby rzeczywi¶cie sprawy mia³y siê tak, jak mówi±:
gdyby praca by³a skoñczona i przyszed³ czas na odpoczynek. Gdyby tylko tak
by³o! Ale mno¿± siê nowe wyzwania i nie pora uwa¿aæ przysz³o¶æ za
przes±dzon±. Si³a naszej spo³eczno¶ci le¿y w przywi±zaniu do wolno¶ci
i wspó³pracy. Stosowanie nazwy <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linux</a> to sposób na przypominanie
sobie o tych celach i informowanie o nich innych.</p>
-<p>
-Mo¿na napisaæ dobry wolny program nie my¶l±c o GNU; wiele dobrej pracy
wykonano i pod sztandarem Linuksa. Ale nazwa „Linux” od samego
pocz±tku, od chwili, gdy j± ukuto, kojarzona jest z inn± filozofi±, która
je¶li chodzi o swobodê wspó³pracy do niczego siê nie zobowi±zuje.
W miarê jak biznes coraz czê¶ciej bêdzie stosowa³ tê nazwê, bêdzie nam
jeszcze trudniej wi±zaæ j± z duchem naszej spo³eczno¶ci.</p>
-<p>
-Wielkim wyzwaniem dla przysz³o¶ci wolnego oprogramowanie sta³a siê tendencja
firm rozprowadzaj±cych dystrybucje „Linuksa” do do³±czania do <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linuksa</a> niewolnego oprogramowania
w imiê wygody i mo¿liwo¶ci. Robi± to wszyscy g³ówni deweloperzy
dystrybucji komercyjnych – ¿aden z nich nie produkuje
dystrybucji, która by³aby ca³kiem wolna. Wiêkszo¶æ firm w swoich
dystrybucjach nie oznakowuje wyra¼nie niewolnych pakietów. Wiele nawet sama
rozwijaja niewolne oprogramowanie i dodaje je do systemu. Niektóre
zamieszczaj± skandaliczne reklamy systemów „Linux”, które s±
„licencjonowane od stanowiska”, daj±c u¿ytkownikowi tyle samo
wolno¶ci, co Microsoft Windows.</p>
-<p>
-Ludzie usprawiedliwiaj± dok³adanie niewolnego oprogramowania w imiê
„popularno¶ci Linuksa” – w rezultacie ceni±c
popularno¶æ ponad wolno¶æ. Czasami przyznaje siê to otwarcie. Na przyk³ad Wired
Magazin napisa³, ¿e Robert McMillan, redaktor Linux Magazine „s±dzi, i¿
ruch w kierunku oprogramowania open source powinien byæ napêdzany
decyzjami raczej technicznymi ni¿ politycznymi”. Za¶ dyrektor naczelny
firmy Caldera otwarcie namawia u¿ytkowników do porzucenia wolno¶ci jako celu
i zast±pienia jej prac± na rzecz „popularno¶ci Linuksa”.
-<!-- Link is dead
+Nazwy niosÄ
znaczenia – dokonany przez nas wybór okreÅleÅ decyduje
+o znaczeniu tego, co mówimy. Nieodpowiednia nazwa daje ludziom bÅÄdne
+pojÄcie o rzeczy. Róża sÅodko pachniaÅaby pod każdÄ
innÄ
nazwÄ
,
ale gdy
+nazwiecie jÄ
dÅugopisem, ludzie bÄdÄ
raczej zmieszani próbujÄ
c niÄ
+pisaÄ. A jeÅli bÄdziecie dÅugopisy nazywaÄ „różami”,
inni
+mogÄ
nie dostrzec, do czego sÅużÄ
. JeÅli nasz system operacyjny
okreÅlacie
+mianem „Linux”, przekazujecie mylne wyobrażenie o jego
+pochodzeniu, historii i celu istnienia. Kiedy nazywacie go <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, nazwa zawiera w sobie
+wÅaÅciwe, choÄ niezbyt dokÅadne, pojÄcie.</p>
+<p>
+Ale czy to ma znaczenie dla naszej spoÅecznoÅci? Czy jest ważne, czy ludzie
+znajÄ
pochodzenie, historie i cel systemu? Tak, gdyż ci, którzy
+zapominajÄ
o przeszÅoÅci bywajÄ
czÄsto skazani na jej
+powtarzanie. Wolny Åwiat, który powstaÅ wokóŠ<a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuksa</a> nie jest
+bezpieczny. Problemy, które przywiodÅy nas do stworzenia GNU nie zostaÅy
+wykorzenione i grozi nam, że powrócÄ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+Kiedy wyjaÅniam, dlaczego wÅaÅciwym jest nazywanie systemu
+„GNU/Linux”, a nie „Linux”, czasami ludzie
+odpowiadajÄ
tak:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>Jasne, że Projekt GNU zasÅuguje na uznanie za swojÄ
pracÄ, ale czy
+naprawdÄ warto robiÄ tyle zamieszania wokóŠtego, że inni tego nie
+przyznajÄ
? Czy nie jest w gruncie rzeczy ważne to, że zadanie zostaÅo
+wykonane, a nie to, kto je wykonaÅ? Lepiej odpoczywajcie, napawajcie
+siÄ dumÄ
z dobrze wykonanej roboty i nie przejmujcie siÄ
+uznaniem.</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+ByÅaby to mÄ
dra rada, gdyby rzeczywiÅcie sprawy miaÅy siÄ tak, jak mówiÄ
:
+gdyby praca byÅa skoÅczona i przyszedÅ czas na odpoczynek. Gdyby tylko
+tak byÅo! Ale mnożÄ
siÄ nowe wyzwania i nie pora uważaÄ
przyszÅoÅÄ za
+przesÄ
dzonÄ
. SiÅa naszej spoÅecznoÅci leży w przywiÄ
zaniu do wolnoÅci
+i wspóÅpracy. Stosowanie nazwy <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> to sposób na przypominanie
+sobie o tych celach i informowanie o nich innych.</p>
+
+<p>
+Można napisaÄ dobry wolny program nie myÅlÄ
c o GNU; wiele dobrej pracy
+wykonano i pod sztandarem Linuksa. Ale nazwa „Linux” od
+samego poczÄ
tku, od chwili, gdy jÄ
ukuto, kojarzona jest z innÄ
+filozofiÄ
, która jeÅli chodzi o swobodÄ wspóÅpracy do niczego siÄ
nie
+zobowiÄ
zuje. W miarÄ jak biznes coraz czÄÅciej bÄdzie stosowaÅ tÄ
+nazwÄ, bÄdzie nam jeszcze trudniej wiÄ
zaÄ jÄ
z duchem naszej
+spoÅecznoÅci.</p>
+
+<p>
+Wielkim wyzwaniem dla przyszÅoÅci wolnego oprogramowanie staÅa siÄ
tendencja
+firm rozprowadzajÄ
cych dystrybucje „Linuksa” do doÅÄ
czania do <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuksa</a> niewolnego oprogramowania
+w imiÄ wygody i możliwoÅci. RobiÄ
to wszyscy gÅówni deweloperzy
+dystrybucji komercyjnych – żaden z nich nie produkuje
+dystrybucji, która byÅaby caÅkiem wolna. WiÄkszoÅÄ firm w swoich
+dystrybucjach nie oznakowuje wyraźnie niewolnych pakietów. Wiele nawet sama
+rozwijaja niewolne oprogramowanie i dodaje je do systemu. Niektóre
+zamieszczajÄ
skandaliczne reklamy systemów „Linux”, które sÄ
+„licencjonowane od stanowiska”, dajÄ
c użytkownikowi tyle samo
+wolnoÅci, co Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ludzie usprawiedliwiajÄ
dokÅadanie niewolnego oprogramowania w imiÄ
+„popularnoÅci Linuksa” – w rezultacie ceniÄ
c
+popularnoÅÄ ponad wolnoÅÄ. Czasami przyznaje siÄ to otwarcie. Na przykÅad
+Wired Magazine napisaÅ, że Robert McMillan, redaktor Linux Magazine
+„sÄ
dzi, iż ruch w kierunku oprogramowania open source powinien
+byÄ napÄdzany decyzjami raczej technicznymi niż politycznymi”. ZaÅ
+dyrektor naczelny firmy Caldera otwarcie namawia użytkowników do porzucenia
+wolnoÅci jako celu i zastÄ
pienia jej pracÄ
na rzecz
„popularnoÅci
+Linuksa”.</p>
+
+<!--Link is dead
<a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html";>
-(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html)</a>.
+(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html.)</a>
-->
-</p>
-<p>
-Dodawanie niewolnego oprogramowania do systemu <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linux</a> mo¿e zwiêkszyæ jego
-popularno¶æ, je¶li przez popularno¶æ rozumiemy liczbê osób korzystaj±cych
z jakiego¶ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linuksa</a>
w po³±czeniu z niewolnym oprogramowaniem. Ale równocze¶nie zachêca to
po¶rednio spo³eczno¶æ to akceptowania niewolnych programów jako czego¶ dobrego
i zapominania o celu – wolno¶ci.
-Nie ma sensu jechaæ szybciej, je¶li nie mo¿na utrzymaæ siê na drodze.</p>
-<p>
-Kiedy niewolny „dodatek” to biblioteka lub narzêdzie
programistyczne, mo¿e staæ siê pu³apk± dla rozwijaj±cych wolne oprogramowanie.
Gdy pisz± wolny program, który zale¿y od niewolnego pakietu, ich oprogramowanie
nie mo¿e byæ czê¶ci± w pe³ni wolnego systemu. W ten sposób
w przesz³o¶ci du¿a ilo¶æ wolnego oprogramowania zosta³a schwytana
pu³apkê przez Motifa i Qt, tworz±c problemy, których rozwi±zanie zajê³o
ca³e lata. Problem z Motifem nie jest jeszcze ca³kiem rozwi±zany, poniewa¿
LessTif wymaga doszlifowania (prosimy, zg³o¶cie siê do pomocy!). Niewolna
implementacja Javy wykonana przez firmê Sun ma obecnie podobne skutki: tworzy
<a href="/philosophy/java-trap.pl.html">pu³apkê Javy</a> (uwaga
historyczna – w grudniu 2006 Sun by³ ju¿ w trakcie
przygotowañ do <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>ponownego wydania
platformy Java, tym razem na warunkach GNU GPL</a>).</p>
-<p>
-Je¶li nasza spo³eczno¶æ bêdzie nadal pod±¿aæ w tym kierunku, to mo¿e zmieniæ
przysz³o¶æ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linuksa</a> w mozaikê
wolnych i niewolnych sk³adników. Za piêæ lat na pewno w dalszym ci±gu
bêdziemy mieli mnóstwo wolnego oprogramowania, ale je¶li nie bêdziemy ostro¿ni,
bêdzie niemal nie do u¿ytku bez niewolnego oprogramowania, które u¿ytkownicy
spodziewaj± siê zastaæ razem z nim. Je¶li tak siê stanie, nasza kampania
o wolno¶æ skoñczy siê niepowodzeniem.</p>
-<p>
-Gdyby wydawanie odpowiedników programów zamkniêtych by³o jedynie kwesti±
pisania kodu, mogliby¶my uporaæ siê z tym problemem w miarê jak
przybywa³oby nam ¶rodków na rozwój oprogramowania. Ale stajemy wobec przeszkód
nios±cych niebezpieczeñstwo, ¿e stanie siê to trudniejsze: przepisów prawa
zakazuj±cych wolnego oprogramowania. Skoro rosn± w si³ê patenty na
oprogramowanie (przeczytajcie petycjê na petition.eurolinux.org
i podpiszcie!), skoro stosuje siê takie prawa jak <abbr title="Digital
Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</abbr>, ¿eby zakazaæ rozwijania wolnych
programów do wa¿nych zadañ, takich jak ogl±danie DVD lub s³uchanie strumienia
RealAudio, nie znajdziemy ¿adnego innego sposobu zwalczania opatentowanych
i tajnych formatów danych oprócz
-<strong>odrzucenia niewolnych programów, które ich u¿ywaj±</strong>.</p>
-<p>
-Stawienie czo³a tym wyzwaniom bêdzie wymagaæ wielu, ró¿nie ukierunkowanych
wysi³ków. Jednak ¿eby siê zmierzyæ z którymkolwiek z tych wyzwañ,
powinni¶my przede wszystkim pamiêtaæ o tym, ¿e naszym celem jest wolno¶æ
wspó³pracy. Nie mo¿emy oczekiwaæ, ¿e zwyk³e pragnienie niezawodnych programów
o potê¿nych mo¿liwo¶ciach bêdzie motywowaæ ludzi do wiêkszego wysi³ku.
Potrzebujemy tego rodzaju determinacji, jak± maj± ludzie, kiedy walcz±
o wolno¶æ swoj± i swojej spo³eczno¶ci, determinacji, ¿eby dzia³aæ
przez lata i nie poddawaæ siê.</p>
-<p>
-W naszej wspólnocie ten cel i ta determinacja maj± swoje ¼ród³o g³ównie
w Projekcie GNU. To my mówimy o wolno¶ci i spo³eczno¶ci jako
czym¶, za czym warto siê opowiedzieæ – organizacje mówi±ce
o „Linuksie”
-zwykle tego nie mówi±. Czasopisma po¶wiêcone „Linuksowi” s±
w wiêkszo¶ci pe³ne reklam niewolnych programów. Firmy, które przygotowuj±
dystrybucje „Linuksa” dodaj± systemu niewolne oprogramowanie. Inne
firmy „wspieraj± Linuksa” niewolnymi aplikacjami. Grupy
u¿ytkowników „Linuksa” zazwyczaj zapraszaj± sprzedawców, ¿eby
zaprezentowali im te aplikacje. G³ównym miejscem, gdzie ludzie z naszej
spo³eczno¶ci mog± najprêdzej
-zetkn±æ siê z ide± wolno¶ci i determinacji jest Projekt GNU.</p>
<p>
-Lecz kiedy siê z ni± zetkn±, czy pomy¶l±, ¿e ich dotyczy?</p>
-<!-- bêd± siê z ni± identyfikowaæ? -->
-<p>
-Ci, którzy wiedz±, ¿e korzystaj± z systemu wywodz±cego siê z Projektu
GNU, widz± bezpo¶redni zwi±zek miêdzy sob± a GNU. Niekoniecznie
automatycznie zgadzaj± siê z nasz± filozofi±, ale przynajmniej widz±
powód, ¿eby siê nad ni± powa¿nie zastanowiæ. W przeciwieñstwie do nich,
ludzie, którzy uwa¿aj± siê za „u¿ytkowników Linuksa”
i uwa¿aj±, ¿e Projekt GNU „rozwin±³ narzêdzia, które okaza³y siê
przydatne w Linuksie”, w wiêkszo¶ci dostrzegaj± tylko po¶redni
zwi±zek miêdzy GNU a sob±. Kiedy zetkn± siê z ideami GNU, mog± je
zwyczajnie ignorowaæ.</p>
-<p>
-Projekt GNU jest idealistyczny, a ka¿dy, kto dzi¶ zachêca do idealizmu
napotyka na powa¿n± przeszkodê: panuj±ca ideologia zachêca ludzi do
lekcewa¿enia idealizmu jako „niepraktycznego”. Nasz idealizm jest
nadzwyczaj praktyczny – jest przyczyn± tego, ¿e mamy wolny system
operacyjny <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linux</a>. Ludzie, którzy
kochaj± ten system, powinni wiedzieæ, ¿e to za spraw± naszego idealizmu sta³
siê rzeczywisto¶ci±.</p>
-<p>
-Gdyby „praca” by³a rzeczywi¶cie skoñczona, gdyby w grê nie
wchodzi³o nic oprócz uznania, pewnie by³oby m±drzej poniechaæ ca³ej sprawy. Ale
nie jeste¶my w takiej sytuacji. ¯eby pobudziæ ludzi do pracy, jak± trzeba
wykonaæ, musimy byæ poznawani po tym, co ju¿ zrobili¶my. Prosimy, pomó¿cie nam
w tym, nazywaj±c system <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
-<p>
-P.S.
-Wyt³umaczenie, jak historia systemu GNU/Linux ma siê do problemu nazewnictwa,
znajdziecie na stronie <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html</a>.
Odpowiedzi na inne pytania oraz argumentacjê dotycz±c± tej kwestii znajdziecie
w <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.pl.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>.</p>
+Dodawanie niewolnego oprogramowania do systemu <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and--nu.html">GNU/Linux</a> może zwiÄkszyÄ jego
+popularnoÅÄ, jeÅli przez popularnoÅÄ rozumiemy liczbÄ osób korzystajÄ
cych
+z jakiegoÅ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuksa</a>
+w poÅÄ
czeniu z niewolnym oprogramowaniem. Ale równoczeÅnie
zachÄca
+to poÅrednio spoÅecznoÅÄ do akceptowania niewolnych programów jako czegoÅ
+dobrego i zapominania o celu – wolnoÅci. Nie ma sensu
+jechaÄ szybciej, jeÅli nie można utrzymaÄ siÄ na drodze.</p>
+
+<p>
+Kiedy niewolny „dodatek” to biblioteka lub narzÄdzie
+programistyczne, może staÄ siÄ puÅapkÄ
dla rozwijajÄ
cych wolne
+oprogramowanie. Gdy piszÄ
wolny program, który zależy od niewolnego pakietu,
+ich oprogramowanie nie może byÄ czÄÅciÄ
w peÅni wolnego
+systemu. W ten sposób w przeszÅoÅci duża iloÅÄ wolnego
+oprogramowania zostaÅa schwytana w puÅapkÄ przez Motifa i Qt,
+tworzÄ
c problemy, których rozwiÄ
zanie zajÄÅo caÅe lata. Problem
+z Motifem pozostaÅ przez wiele lat, aż Motif nie zostaÅ przestarzaÅy
+i przestaÅ byÄ używany. Niewolna implementacja Javy wykonana przez
+firmÄ Sun miaÅa podobne skutki: tworzyÅa <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">PuÅapkÄ Javy</a>, na szczÄÅcie
+w wiÄkszoÅci już naprawionÄ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+JeÅli nasza spoÅecznoÅÄ bÄdzie nadal podÄ
żaÄ w tym kierunku, to może
zmieniÄ
+przyszÅoÅÄ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linuksa</a> w mozaikÄ
+wolnych i niewolnych skÅadników. Za piÄÄ lat na pewno w dalszym
+ciÄ
gu bÄdziemy mieli mnóstwo wolnego oprogramowania, ale jeÅli nie
bÄdziemy
+ostrożni, bÄdzie niemal nie do użytku bez niewolnego oprogramowania, które
+użytkownicy spodziewajÄ
siÄ zastaÄ razem z nim. JeÅli tak siÄ
stanie,
+nasza kampania o wolnoÅÄ skoÅczy siÄ niepowodzeniem.</p>
+
+<p>
+Gdyby wydawanie odpowiedników programów zamkniÄtych byÅo jedynie kwestiÄ
+pisania kodu, moglibyÅmy uporaÄ siÄ z tym problemem w miarÄ jak
+przybywaÅoby nam Årodków na rozwój oprogramowania. Ale stajemy wobec
+przeszkód niosÄ
cych niebezpieczeÅstwo, że stanie siÄ to trudniejsze:
+przepisów prawa zakazujÄ
cych wolnego oprogramowania. Skoro rosnÄ
w siÅÄ
+patenty na oprogramowanie, skoro stosuje siÄ takie prawa jak <acronym
+title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym>, żeby zakazaÄ
+rozwijania wolnych programów do ważnych zadaÅ, takich jak oglÄ
danie DVD lub
+sÅuchanie strumienia RealAudio, nie możemy znaleÅºÄ Å¼adnego innego sposobu
+zwalczania opatentowanych i tajnych formatów danych oprócz
+<strong>odrzucenia niewolnych programów, które ich używajÄ
</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Stawienie czoÅa tym wyzwaniom bÄdzie wymagaÄ wielu, różnie ukierunkowanych
+wysiÅków. Jednak żeby siÄ zmierzyÄ z którymkolwiek z tych
wyzwaÅ,
+powinniÅmy przede wszystkim pamiÄtaÄ o tym, że naszym celem jest
+wolnoÅÄ wspóÅpracy. Nie możemy oczekiwaÄ, że zwykÅe pragnienie
niezawodnych
+programów o potÄżnych możliwoÅciach bÄdzie motywowaÄ ludzi do
wiÄkszego
+wysiÅku. Potrzebujemy tego rodzaju determinacji, jakÄ
majÄ
ludzie, kiedy
+walczÄ
o wolnoÅÄ swojÄ
i swojej spoÅecznoÅci, determinacji,
żeby
+dziaÅaÄ przez lata i nie poddawaÄ siÄ.</p>
+
+<p>
+W naszej wspólnocie ten cel i ta determinacja majÄ
swoje źródÅo
+gÅównie w Projekcie GNU. To my mówimy o wolnoÅci
+i spoÅecznoÅci jako czymÅ, za czym warto siÄ opowiedzieÄ –
+organizacje mówiÄ
ce o „Linuksie” zwykle tego nie
+mówiÄ
. Czasopisma poÅwiÄcone „Linuksowi” sÄ
w wiÄkszoÅci
+peÅne reklam niewolnych programów. Firmy, które przygotowujÄ
dystrybucje
+„Linuksa” dodajÄ
do systemu niewolne oprogramowanie. Inne firmy
+„wspierajÄ
Linuksa” niewolnymi aplikacjami. Grupy użytkowników
+„Linuksa” zazwyczaj zapraszajÄ
sprzedawców, żeby zaprezentowali
+im te aplikacje. GÅównym miejscem, gdzie ludzie z naszej spoÅecznoÅci
+mogÄ
najprÄdzej zetknÄ
Ä siÄ z ideÄ
wolnoÅci i determinacji
jest
+Projekt GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Lecz kiedy siÄ z niÄ
zetknÄ
, czy pomyÅlÄ
, że ich dotyczy?</p>
+
+<p>
+Ci, którzy wiedzÄ
, że korzystajÄ
z systemu wywodzÄ
cego siÄ
z Projektu
+GNU, widzÄ
bezpoÅredni zwiÄ
zek miÄdzy sobÄ
a GNU. Niekoniecznie
+automatycznie zgadzajÄ
siÄ z naszÄ
filozofiÄ
, ale przynajmniej widzÄ
+powód, żeby siÄ nad niÄ
poważnie zastanowiÄ. W przeciwieÅstwie do
nich,
+ludzie, którzy uważajÄ
siÄ za „użytkowników Linuksa”
+i uważajÄ
, że Projekt GNU „rozwinÄ
Å narzÄdzia, które
okazaÅy siÄ
+przydatne w Linuksie”, w wiÄkszoÅci dostrzegajÄ
tylko
+poÅredni zwiÄ
zek miÄdzy GNU a sobÄ
. Kiedy zetknÄ
siÄ z ideami
GNU,
+mogÄ
je zwyczajnie ignorowaÄ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Projekt GNU jest idealistyczny, a każdy, kto dziÅ zachÄca do idealizmu
+napotyka na poważnÄ
przeszkodÄ: panujÄ
ca ideologia zachÄca ludzi do
+lekceważenia idealizmu jako „niepraktycznego”. Nasz idealizm
+jest nadzwyczaj praktyczny – jest przyczynÄ
tego, że mamy wolny
+system operacyjny <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>. Ludzie,
+którzy kochajÄ
ten system, powinni wiedzieÄ, że to za sprawÄ
naszego
+idealizmu staÅ siÄ rzeczywistoÅciÄ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+Gdyby „praca” byÅa rzeczywiÅcie skoÅczona, gdyby w grÄ nie
+wchodziÅo nic oprócz uznania, pewnie byÅoby mÄ
drzej poniechaÄ caÅej
+sprawy. Ale nie jesteÅmy w takiej sytuacji. Å»eby pobudziÄ ludzi do
+pracy, jakÄ
trzeba wykonaÄ, musimy byÄ poznawani po tym, co już
+zrobiliÅmy. Prosimy, pomóżcie nam w tym, nazywajÄ
c system <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
-<hr />
-<p><a name="footnote_pl">Przypis t³umacza:
-<br />
-Tytu³ oraz cytat o ró¿y na podstawie <i>Romea i Julii</i> (Akt II, scena 2) w
t³umaczeniu Macieja S³omczyñskiego.
-</a>
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p><b><a href="/gnu/gnu.pl.html">Wiêcej na temat Projektu GNU</a></b></p>
-<hr />
-
-
-<div class="translations">
-<p><a id="translations"></a>
-<b>T³umaczenia tej strony</b>:<br />
-[
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-]
-</p>
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
</div>
-<div class="copyright">
-<p>
-Powrót do <a href="/home.pl.html">strony g³ównej Projektu GNU</a>.
-</p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pl.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
<p>
-Pytania dotycz±ce GNU i FSF prosimy kierowaæ na adres
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-Istniej± tak¿e
-<a href="/contact/">inne sposoby skontaktowania siê</a>
-z FSF.
-<br />
-Uwagi dotycz±ce naszych stron internetowych prosimy wysy³aæ na adres
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>,
-natomiast inne pytania na adres
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+Pytania dotyczÄ
ce GNU i FSF prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. IstniejÄ
także <a
+href="/contact/contact.html">inne sposoby skontaktowania siÄ</a> z FSF. <br
+/> Informacje o niedziaÅajÄ
cych odnoÅnikach oraz inne poprawki (lub
+propozycje) prosimy wysyÅaÄ na adres <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
+
<p>
-Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman
-<br />
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
-<br />
-Zezwala siê na wykonywanie i dystrybucjê wiernych kopii tego tekstu,
-niezale¿nie od no¶nika, pod warunkiem zachowania niniejszego zezwolenia.
+Aby zapoznaÄ siÄ z informacjami dotyczÄ
cymi tÅumaczenia i koordynowania
+tÅumaczeÅ artykuÅów, proszÄ odwiedziÄ stronÄ <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">tÅumaczeÅ</a>. <br />
+Komentarze odnoÅnie tÅumaczenia polskiego oraz zgÅoszenia dotyczÄ
ce chÄci
+wspóÅpracy w tÅumaczeniu prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>.
</p>
+
<p>
-T³umaczenie:
-<a href="/server/standards/README.Polish-translation.pl.html"><em>Grupa
t³umaczy witryny Projektu GNU</em></a>
-(<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>).
-<br />
+Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying
+and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided
+this notice is preserved. <br /> Zezwala siÄ na wykonywanie
+i dystrybucjÄ wiernych kopii tego tekstu, niezależnie od noÅnika, pod
+warunkiem zachowania niniejszego zezwolenia.
</p>
-<p>
-Aktualizowane:
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+TÅumaczenie: Wojciech Kotwica 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007; poprawki: Jan Owoc
+2010.</div>
+ <p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2007/04/04 07:32:59 $ $Author: wkotwica $
+Aktualizowane:
+
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:43 $
+
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>TÅumaczenia tej strony</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<!-- Czech -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- Greek -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Korean -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.pl.po 8 Jul 2010 07:27:53 -0000 1.6
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.pl.po 8 Jul 2010 08:26:46 -0000 1.7
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-07-08 09:27+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <address@hidden>\n"
-"Language: pl\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: pl\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 "
"|| n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Virtaal 0.6.1\n"
@@ -35,12 +35,6 @@
"strong>"
# type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "To learn more about this issue, you can also read our <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-"
-#| "linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-"
-#| "gnu.html\">Linux and the GNU Project</a> and our page on <a href=\"/gnu/"
-#| "gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\">GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of "
-#| "GNU</a>."
msgid ""
"To learn more about this issue, you can read our <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-"
"faq.html\">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
@@ -49,12 +43,12 @@
"gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\">GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</"
"a>."
msgstr ""
-"Aby dowiedzieÄ siÄ wiÄcej na ten temat możesz również przeczytaÄ <a "
-"href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, stronÄ na temat <a "
-"href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">Linux i GNU Project</a>, która podaje "
-"historiÄ systemu GNU/Linux jeÅli chodzi o nazewnictwo, i naszÄ
stonÄ
o "
-"<a href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\">Użytkownikach GNU,
którzy "
-"nigdy nie sÅyszeli o GNU</a>."
+"Aby dowiedzieÄ siÄ wiÄcej na ten temat możesz również przeczytaÄ <a
href=\"/"
+"gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, stronÄ na temat <a href=\"/gnu/"
+"linux-and-gnu.html\">Linux i GNU Project</a>, która podaje historiÄ "
+"systemu GNU/Linux jeÅli chodzi o nazewnictwo, i naszÄ
stonÄ o <a
href="
+"\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\">Użytkownikach GNU, którzy nigdy "
+"nie sÅyszeli o GNU</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -75,9 +69,9 @@
"A jeÅli bÄdziecie dÅugopisy nazywaÄ „różami”, inni
mogÄ
nie "
"dostrzec, do czego sÅużÄ
. JeÅli nasz system operacyjny okreÅlacie mianem
"
"„Linux”, przekazujecie mylne wyobrażenie o jego "
-"pochodzeniu, historii i celu istnienia. Kiedy nazywacie go <a "
-"href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>, nazwa zawiera w sobie "
-"wÅaÅciwe, choÄ niezbyt dokÅadne, pojÄcie."
+"pochodzeniu, historii i celu istnienia. Kiedy nazywacie go <a href=\"/"
+"gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>, nazwa zawiera w sobie
wÅaÅciwe, "
+"choÄ niezbyt dokÅadne, pojÄcie."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -257,17 +251,6 @@
"nasza kampania o wolnoÅÄ skoÅczy siÄ niepowodzeniem."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming, "
-#| "solving future problems might become easier as our community's "
-#| "development resources increase. But we face obstacles that threaten to "
-#| "make this harder: laws that prohibit free software. As software patents "
-#| "mount up, and as laws like the <abbr title=\"Digital Millennium Copyright "
-#| "Act\">DMCA</abbr> are used to prohibit the development of free software "
-#| "for important jobs such as viewing a DVD or listening to a RealAudio "
-#| "stream, we will find ourselves with no clear way to fight the patented "
-#| "and secret data formats except to <strong>reject the nonfree programs "
-#| "that use them</strong>."
msgid ""
"If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming, solving "
"future problems might become easier as our community's development resources "
@@ -284,12 +267,12 @@
"przybywaÅoby nam Årodków na rozwój oprogramowania. Ale stajemy wobec "
"przeszkód niosÄ
cych niebezpieczeÅstwo, że stanie siÄ to trudniejsze: "
"przepisów prawa zakazujÄ
cych wolnego oprogramowania. Skoro rosnÄ
w siÅÄ "
-"patenty na oprogramowanie, skoro stosuje siÄ takie prawa jak <acronym "
-"title=\"Digital Millennium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym>, żeby zakazaÄ "
-"rozwijania wolnych programów do ważnych zadaÅ, takich jak oglÄ
danie DVD
lub "
-"sÅuchanie strumienia RealAudio, nie możemy znaleÅºÄ Å¼adnego innego
sposobu "
-"zwalczania opatentowanych i tajnych formatów danych oprócz "
-"<strong>odrzucenia niewolnych programów, które ich używajÄ
</strong>."
+"patenty na oprogramowanie, skoro stosuje siÄ takie prawa jak <acronym title="
+"\"Digital Millennium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym>, żeby zakazaÄ
rozwijania "
+"wolnych programów do ważnych zadaÅ, takich jak oglÄ
danie DVD lub
sÅuchanie "
+"strumienia RealAudio, nie możemy znaleÅºÄ Å¼adnego innego sposobu
zwalczania "
+"opatentowanych i tajnych formatów danych oprócz <strong>odrzucenia "
+"niewolnych programów, które ich używajÄ
</strong>."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -311,18 +294,6 @@
"dziaÅaÄ przez lata i nie poddawaÄ siÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from "
-#| "the GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community as "
-#| "something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of “"
-#| "Linux” normally don't say this. The magazines about “"
-#| "Linux” are typically full of ads for non-free software; the "
-#| "companies that package “Linux” add non-free software to the "
-#| "system; other companies “support Linux” by developing nonfree "
-#| "applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups for “Linux” "
-#| "typically invite salesman to present those applications. The main place "
-#| "people in our community are likely to come across the idea of freedom and "
-#| "determination is in the GNU Project."
msgid ""
"In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from the "
"GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community as "
@@ -337,17 +308,17 @@
"in the GNU Project."
msgstr ""
"W naszej wspólnocie ten cel i ta determinacja majÄ
swoje
źródÅo "
-"gÅównie w Projekcie GNU. To my mówimy o wolnoÅci "
-"i spoÅecznoÅci jako czymÅ, za czym warto siÄ
opowiedzieÄ – "
+"gÅównie w Projekcie GNU. To my mówimy o wolnoÅci i "
+"spoÅecznoÅci jako czymÅ, za czym warto siÄ opowiedzieÄ – "
"organizacje mówiÄ
ce o „Linuksie” zwykle tego nie mówiÄ
. "
"Czasopisma poÅwiÄcone „Linuksowi” sÄ
w wiÄkszoÅci
peÅne "
-"reklam niewolnych programów. Firmy, które przygotowujÄ
dystrybucje "
-"„Linuksa” dodajÄ
do systemu niewolne oprogramowanie. Inne firmy "
-"„wspierajÄ
Linuksa” niewolnymi aplikacjami. Grupy użytkowników
"
-"„Linuksa” zazwyczaj zapraszajÄ
sprzedawców, żeby
zaprezentowali "
-"im te aplikacje. GÅównym miejscem, gdzie ludzie z naszej
spoÅecznoÅci "
-"mogÄ
najprÄdzej zetknÄ
Ä siÄ z ideÄ
wolnoÅci i determinacji
jest "
-"Projekt GNU."
+"reklam niewolnych programów. Firmy, które przygotowujÄ
dystrybucje „"
+"Linuksa” dodajÄ
do systemu niewolne oprogramowanie. Inne firmy „"
+"wspierajÄ
Linuksa” niewolnymi aplikacjami. Grupy użytkowników
„"
+"Linuksa” zazwyczaj zapraszajÄ
sprzedawców, żeby zaprezentowali im te
"
+"aplikacje. GÅównym miejscem, gdzie ludzie z naszej spoÅecznoÅci mogÄ
"
+"najprÄdzej zetknÄ
Ä siÄ z ideÄ
wolnoÅci i determinacji jest
Projekt "
+"GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid "But when people come across it, will they feel it relates to them?"
Index: licenses/gpl-faq.ta.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/gpl-faq.ta.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- licenses/gpl-faq.ta.html 21 Jun 2010 08:25:50 -0000 1.3
+++ licenses/gpl-faq.ta.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:49 -0000 1.4
@@ -3144,8 +3144,7 @@
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
-<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
<p>
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any
medium, provided this notice is preserved.
@@ -3160,7 +3159,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Updated:
-$Date: 2010/06/21 08:25:50 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/free-doc.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-doc.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/free-doc.es.html 29 Jun 2010 20:26:14 -0000 1.10
+++ philosophy/free-doc.es.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:53 -0000 1.11
@@ -139,11 +139,10 @@
que ante todo debe hacerla libre.</p>
<p>
-Podemos también alentar a las editoriales comerciales a vender manuales
-libres, cubiertos por copyleft, en vez de manuales privativos. Una forma en
-que puede ayudar es comprobando las cláusulas distribución del manual antes
-de adquirirlo, y que los manuales cubiertos por copyleft tengan preferencia
-sobre los que no estén cubiertos por el copyleft.</p>
+We can also encourage commercial publishers to sell free, copylefted manuals
+instead of proprietary ones. One way you can help this is to check the
+distribution terms of a manual before you buy it, and prefer copylefted
+manuals to noncopylefted ones.</p>
<p>
[Nota: Ahora tenemos una <a href="/doc/other-free-books.html">página web con
una lista de todos los libros libres de otras editoriales</a>].</p>
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2010/06/29 20:26:14 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/free-doc.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-doc.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- philosophy/free-doc.pl.html 28 Jun 2010 20:26:50 -0000 1.23
+++ philosophy/free-doc.pl.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:54 -0000 1.24
@@ -137,11 +137,10 @@
wszystkim musi uczyniÄ jÄ
wolnÄ
.</p>
<p>
-Możemy też zachÄcaÄ wydawców komercyjnych do sprzedawania wolnych,
opartych
-na copyleft podrÄczników zamiast podrÄczników prawnie zastrzeżonych.
Jednym
-ze sposobów, w jaki możecie pomóc to zrobiÄ, jest sprawdzanie przed kupnem
-podrÄcznika warunków jego rozpowszechniania i preferowanie podrÄczników na
-licencji copyleft.</p>
+We can also encourage commercial publishers to sell free, copylefted manuals
+instead of proprietary ones. One way you can help this is to check the
+distribution terms of a manual before you buy it, and prefer copylefted
+manuals to noncopylefted ones.</p>
<p>
[Uwaga: prowadzimy teraz <a href="/doc/other-free-books.html">stronÄ WWW z
listÄ
wolnych ksiÄ
żek innych wydawców</a>].</p>
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2010/06/28 20:26:50 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/free-sw.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.60
diff -u -b -r1.59 -r1.60
--- philosophy/free-sw.pl.html 23 Jun 2010 08:26:05 -0000 1.59
+++ philosophy/free-sw.pl.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:54 -0000 1.60
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
Oprogramowanie nazywamy wolnym, jeÅli jego użytkownicy mogÄ
skorzystaÄ z
wszystkich powyższych wolnoÅci. Zatem powinniÅcie mieÄ swobodÄ
rozpowszechniania kopii, zmodyfikowanych bÄ
dź oryginalnych, za darmo bÄ
dź
-pobierajÄ
c opÅatÄ za dystrybucjÄ, <a href="#exportcontrol">wszÄdzie i
-każdemu</a>. WolnoÅÄ robienia tego wszystkiego oznacza (miÄdzy innymi), że
-nie musicie prosiÄ o pozwolenie ani pÅaciÄ za nie.
+pobierajÄ
c opÅatÄ za dystrybucjÄ, <a href="#exportcontrol">wszÄdzie
+i każdemu</a>. WolnoÅÄ robienia tego wszystkiego oznacza (miÄdzy
+innymi), że nie musicie prosiÄ o pozwolenie ani pÅaciÄ za nie.
</p>
<p>
@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@
</p>
<p>
-By wolnoÅci 1 i 3 (wolnoÅci do dokonywania zmian i publikowania poprawionych
-wersji) miaÅy sens, musicie mieÄ dostÄp do kodu źródÅowego programu.
Zatem
-dostÄpnoÅÄ kodu źródÅowego jest warunkiem koniecznym wolnego
+By wolnoÅci 1 i 3 (wolnoÅci do dokonywania zmian i publikowania
+poprawionych wersji) miaÅy sens, musicie mieÄ dostÄp do kodu źródÅowego
+programu. Zatem dostÄpnoÅÄ kodu źródÅowego jest warunkiem koniecznym
wolnego
oprogramowania. Zaciemniony „kod źródÅowy” nie jest prawdziwym
-kodem źródÅowym I nie liczy siÄ jako taki.
+kodem źródÅowym i nie liczy siÄ jako taki.
</p>
<p>
@@ -122,12 +122,12 @@
</p>
<p>
-Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free
-software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
-other words, it does not have to be a <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a license
-that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free
-license.
+WolnoÅÄ 3 to także wolnoÅÄ do udostÄpniania Waszych zmodyfikowanych
wersji
+jako wolne oprogramowanie. Wolna licencja może również zezwalaÄ na
+udostÄpnianie ich na inne sposoby; inaczej mówiÄ
c, nie musi byÄ to licencja
+typu <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>. Jednakże licencja,
+która wymaga by zmodyfikowane wersje byÅy niewolne, nie kwalifikuje siÄ jako
+wolna.
</p>
<p>
@@ -188,15 +188,12 @@
href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">wolne
oprogramowanie nie korzystajÄ
ce z copyleftu</a>. Uważamy, że istniejÄ
ważne
powody, <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">dla których lepiej jest
-stosowaÄ copyleft</a>, ale jeÅli wasz program jest wolny, a nie objÄty
-zasadami copyleftu, to w zasadzie w niczym to nie przeszkadza.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-W podsumowaniu <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Kategorie Wolnego
-Oprogramowania</a> opisano, jak majÄ
siÄ do siebie „wolne
-oprogramowanie”, „oprogramowanie na licencji copyleft” i
-inne typy programów.
+stosowaÄ copyleft</a>, ale jeÅli Wasz program jest wolny, a nie objÄty
+zasadami copyleftu, to w zasadzie w niczym to nie
+przeszkadza. (WiÄcej o zależnoÅci miÄdzy „wolnym
+oprogramowaniu” a „programami objÄtymi copyleft”
+znajdziecie na stronie <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Kategorie
+wolnego i niewolnego oprogramowania</a>.)
</p>
<p>
@@ -449,15 +446,15 @@
<p>
Aby zapoznaÄ siÄ z informacjami dotyczÄ
cymi tÅumaczenia i koordynowania
tÅumaczeÅ artykuÅów, proszÄ odwiedziÄ stronÄ <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">tÅumaczeÅ</a>.
- Komentarze odnoÅnie tÅumaczenia polskiego oraz zgÅoszenia dotyczÄ
ce chÄci
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">tÅumaczeÅ</a>. <br />
+Komentarze odnoÅnie tÅumaczenia polskiego oraz zgÅoszenia dotyczÄ
ce chÄci
wspóÅpracy w tÅumaczeniu prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>.
</p>
<p>
-Prawa autorskie © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
+2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
</p>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any
medium, provided this notice is preserved. <br /> Zezwala siÄ na wykonywanie
@@ -469,12 +466,12 @@
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-TÅumaczenie: Mariusz Libera, Tomasz KozÅowski 2010.</div>
+TÅumaczenie: Mariusz Libera, Tomasz KozÅowski 2010; poprawki: Jan Owoc
2010.</div>
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2010/06/23 08:26:05 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
@@ -483,18 +480,20 @@
<div id="translations">
<h4>TÅumaczenia tej strony</h4>
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
-<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
-<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
-<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
<ul class="translations-list">
<!-- Afrikaans -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.af.html">Afrikaans</a> [af]</li>
Index: philosophy/no-word-attachments.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.44
retrieving revision 1.45
diff -u -b -r1.44 -r1.45
--- philosophy/no-word-attachments.pl.html 26 Jun 2010 20:25:58 -0000
1.44
+++ philosophy/no-word-attachments.pl.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:54 -0000
1.45
@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@
<p>
<em>ByÄ może w Twoim komputerze jest też program do konwersji na format
-pdf. Wystarczy wówczas wybraÄ „Plik”, „Drukuj”,
-przewinÄ
Ä listÄ dostÄpnych drukarek i wybraÄ konwerter pdf. Po czym
+PDF. Wystarczy wówczas wybraÄ „Plik”, „Drukuj”,
+przewinÄ
Ä listÄ dostÄpnych drukarek i wybraÄ konwerter PDF. Po czym
kliknÄ
Ä przycisk „Drukuj”, a nastÄpnie wpisaÄ nazwÄ pliku
-pdf, w którym zostanie umieszczony wynik.</em></p>
+PDF, w którym ma zostaÄ umieszczony wynik.</em></p>
<p>
<em>Odwiedź http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html by
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2010/06/26 20:25:58 $
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/free-sw.pl.po 8 Jul 2010 07:22:00 -0000 1.8
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.pl.po 8 Jul 2010 08:26:58 -0000 1.9
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-07-08 09:21+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <address@hidden>\n"
-"Language: pl\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: pl\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 "
"|| n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Virtaal 0.6.1\n"
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@
"jakie warunki muszÄ
zostaÄ speÅnione w stosunku do konkretnego programu, "
"żeby można byÅo go uznaÄ za wolne oprogramowanie. Od czasu do czasu "
"weryfikujemy tÄ definicjÄ by wyjaÅniÄ pewne kwestie. JeÅli
chcielibyÅcie "
-"przyjrzeÄ siÄ zmianom, jakich dokonaliÅmy, zajrzyjcie do <a "
-"href=\"#History\">sekcji Historia</a>, gdzie uzyskacie wiÄcej informacji."
+"przyjrzeÄ siÄ zmianom, jakich dokonaliÅmy, zajrzyjcie do <a
href=\"#History"
+"\">sekcji Historia</a>, gdzie uzyskacie wiÄcej informacji."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@
"Oprogramowanie nazywamy wolnym, jeÅli jego użytkownicy mogÄ
skorzystaÄ z "
"wszystkich powyższych wolnoÅci. Zatem powinniÅcie mieÄ swobodÄ "
"rozpowszechniania kopii, zmodyfikowanych bÄ
dź oryginalnych, za darmo bÄ
dź
"
-"pobierajÄ
c opÅatÄ za dystrybucjÄ, <a href=\"#exportcontrol\">wszÄdzie "
-"i każdemu</a>. WolnoÅÄ robienia tego wszystkiego oznacza (miÄdzy "
-"innymi), że nie musicie prosiÄ o pozwolenie ani pÅaciÄ za nie."
+"pobierajÄ
c opÅatÄ za dystrybucjÄ, <a href=\"#exportcontrol\">wszÄdzie
i "
+"każdemu</a>. WolnoÅÄ robienia tego wszystkiego oznacza (miÄdzy innymi),
że "
+"nie musicie prosiÄ o pozwolenie ani pÅaciÄ za nie."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -239,12 +239,6 @@
"siebie kodu— wówczas jest zbyt restrykcyjna, by uznaÄ jÄ
za wolnÄ
."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Freedom 3 includes the freedom to use release your modified versions as "
-#| "free software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing "
-#| "them; in other words, it does not have to be a <a href=\"/copyleft/"
-#| "copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> license. However, a license that requires "
-#| "modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free license."
msgid ""
"Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free "
"software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in "
@@ -349,14 +343,6 @@
"swojej osoby."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In the GNU project, we use “<a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
-#| "\">copyleft</a>” to protect these freedoms legally for everyone. "
-#| "But <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware"
-#| "\">non-copylefted free software</a> also exists. We believe there are "
-#| "important reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">it is better "
-#| "to use copyleft</a>, but if your program is non-copylefted free software, "
-#| "it is still basically ethical."
msgid ""
"In the GNU project, we use <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> "
"to protect these freedoms legally for everyone. But <a href=\"/philosophy/"
@@ -368,18 +354,17 @@
"a description of how “free software,” “copylefted "
"software” and other categories of software relate to each other.)"
msgstr ""
-"W projekcie GNU używamy „<a "
-"href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleftu</a>” by zapewniÄ każdemu "
-"prawnÄ
ochronÄ tych wolnoÅci. Ale istnieje też <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">wolne "
-"oprogramowanie nie korzystajÄ
ce z copyleftu</a>. Uważamy, że istniejÄ
ważne "
-"powody, <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">dla których lepiej jest "
-"stosowaÄ copyleft</a>, ale jeÅli Wasz program jest wolny, a nie
objÄty "
-"zasadami copyleftu, to w zasadzie w niczym to nie przeszkadza. "
-"(WiÄcej o zależnoÅci miÄdzy „wolnym oprogramowaniu” "
-"a „programami objÄtymi copyleft” znajdziecie na stronie <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Kategorie wolnego i niewolnego "
-"oprogramowania</a>.)"
+"W projekcie GNU używamy „<a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
+"\">copyleftu</a>” by zapewniÄ każdemu prawnÄ
ochronÄ tych
wolnoÅci. "
+"Ale istnieje też <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-"
+"CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">wolne oprogramowanie nie korzystajÄ
ce z copyleftu</"
+"a>. Uważamy, że istniejÄ
ważne powody, <a
href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+"\">dla których lepiej jest stosowaÄ copyleft</a>, ale jeÅli Wasz program "
+"jest wolny, a nie objÄty zasadami copyleftu, to w zasadzie w "
+"niczym to nie przeszkadza. (WiÄcej o zależnoÅci miÄdzy „wolnym
"
+"oprogramowaniu” a „programami objÄtymi copyleft” "
+"znajdziecie na stronie <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Kategorie "
+"wolnego i niewolnego oprogramowania</a>.)"
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -834,11 +819,11 @@
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Aby zapoznaÄ siÄ z informacjami dotyczÄ
cymi tÅumaczenia i koordynowania "
-"tÅumaczeÅ artykuÅów, proszÄ odwiedziÄ stronÄ <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">tÅumaczeÅ</a>. <br /> "
-"Komentarze odnoÅnie tÅumaczenia polskiego oraz zgÅoszenia dotyczÄ
ce
chÄci "
-"wspóÅpracy w tÅumaczeniu prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a
href=\"mailto:www-pl-";
-"address@hidden">address@hidden</a>."
+"tÅumaczeÅ artykuÅów, proszÄ odwiedziÄ stronÄ <a
href=\"/server/standards/"
+"README.translations.html\">tÅumaczeÅ</a>. <br /> Komentarze odnoÅnie "
+"tÅumaczenia polskiego oraz zgÅoszenia dotyczÄ
ce chÄci wspóÅpracy w "
+"tÅumaczeniu prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">address@hidden</a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fa.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fa.po,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fa.po 29 Jun 2010 20:26:19 -0000
1.10
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fa.po 8 Jul 2010 08:26:58 -0000
1.11
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: freedom-or-copyright.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-06-29 16:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-07-08 04:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-04-18 00:05+0330\n"
"Last-Translator: Abbas Esmaeeli Some'eh <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Persian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -28,13 +28,12 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<em>Many points that lead to a conclusion that software freedom must be "
+"<em>Many points that lead to the conclusion that software freedom must be "
"universal often apply to other forms of expressive works, albeit in "
-"different ways. This essay address how the principles of software freedom "
-"are relevant to written works meant for humans to read. Although this is "
-"not about software. we include it here since we think many readers will "
-"wonder how the same principles can be applied to areas other than software.</"
-"em>"
+"different ways. This essay addresses how the principles of software freedom "
+"apply to written works meant for humans to read. Although it is not about "
+"software, we include it here since we think many readers will wonder how the "
+"same principles can be applied to areas other than software.</em>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fr.po 29 Jun 2010 20:26:19 -0000
1.11
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.fr.po 8 Jul 2010 08:26:58 -0000
1.12
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: freedom-or-copyright.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-06-29 16:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-07-08 04:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-01-06 13:54+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Cédric Corazza <cedric.corazza AT wanadoo.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -31,13 +31,12 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<em>Many points that lead to a conclusion that software freedom must be "
+"<em>Many points that lead to the conclusion that software freedom must be "
"universal often apply to other forms of expressive works, albeit in "
-"different ways. This essay address how the principles of software freedom "
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-"not about software. we include it here since we think many readers will "
-"wonder how the same principles can be applied to areas other than software.</"
-"em>"
+"different ways. This essay addresses how the principles of software freedom "
+"apply to written works meant for humans to read. Although it is not about "
+"software, we include it here since we think many readers will wonder how the "
+"same principles can be applied to areas other than software.</em>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
Index: philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.pot 29 Jun 2010 20:26:19 -0000
1.10
+++ philosophy/po/freedom-or-copyright.pot 8 Jul 2010 08:26:58 -0000
1.11
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-06-29 16:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-07-08 04:25-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -29,13 +29,12 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<em>Many points that lead to a conclusion that software freedom must be "
+"<em>Many points that lead to the conclusion that software freedom must be "
"universal often apply to other forms of expressive works, albeit in "
-"different ways. This essay address how the principles of software freedom "
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-"not about software. we include it here since we think many readers will "
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-"software.</em>"
+"different ways. This essay addresses how the principles of software freedom "
+"apply to written works meant for humans to read. Although it is not about "
+"software, we include it here since we think many readers will wonder how the "
+"same principles can be applied to areas other than software.</em>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
Index: philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.pl.po 8 Jul 2010 07:11:38 -0000
1.8
+++ philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.pl.po 8 Jul 2010 08:26:58 -0000
1.9
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-07-08 09:10+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <address@hidden>\n"
-"Language: pl\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: pl\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 "
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"X-Generator: Virtaal 0.6.1\n"
@@ -201,13 +201,6 @@
"stwierdza, że nie bÄdzie już wiÄcej wysyÅaÄ innym takich plików."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If we all do this, we will have a much larger effect. People who "
-#| "disregard one polite request may change their practice when they receive "
-#| "multiple polite requests from various people. We may be able to give "
-#| "“don't send Word format” the status of netiquette, if we "
-#| "start systematically raising the issue with everyone who sends us Word "
-#| "files."
msgid ""
"If we all do this, we will have a much larger effect. People who disregard "
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@@ -219,8 +212,8 @@
"Ci, którzy zlekceważyli jednÄ
uprzejmÄ
proÅbÄ mogÄ
zmieniÄ swoje
zwyczaje "
"gdy otrzymajÄ
wiele uprzejmych próÅb od różnych osób. JeÅli zaczniemy "
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plik "
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w "
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# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -408,11 +401,6 @@
"Plik tekstowy ze znakami podziaÅu wiersza (*.txt)”.</em>"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
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-#| "Select File => Print. Scroll through available printers and select the "
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-#| "file when requested.</em>"
msgid ""
"<em>Your computer may also have a program to convert to PDF format. Select "
"File, then Print. Scroll through available printers and select the PDF "
@@ -420,10 +408,10 @@
"requested.</em>"
msgstr ""
"<em>ByÄ może w Twoim komputerze jest też program do konwersji na format
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# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
Index: distros/distros.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: distros/distros.zh-cn.html
diff -N distros/distros.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ distros/distros.zh-cn.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:40 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>GNU/Linux åè¡ç - GNU æä½ç³»ç»</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>GNU/Linux åè¡ç</h2>
+
+<p>
+GNU/Linux
+èªç±ç³»ç»åè¡çæå³çä»
ä»
å
å«ååè¡èªç±è½¯ä»¶ãä»ä»¬æç»åç§éèªç±çåºç¨ç¨åºï¼éèªç±çç¼ç¨å¹³å°ï¼éèªç±ç驱å¨ï¼éèªç±çåºä»¶“blobs”ï¼ä»¥åå
¶ä»åç§éèªç±ç软件åææ¡£ãå¦æä»ä»¬åç°æ æä¸å å
¥äºè¿äºéèªç±çæåï¼ä»ä»¬ä¼ä¸»å¨å»é¤å®ã
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="freeDistros">èªç±ç GNU/Linux åè¡ç</h3>
+<p>
+ æ们æ¨èæ¨ä½¿ç¨èªç±ç GNU/Linux
+ç³»ç»åè¡çãå®ä»¬ä¸å
å«ä»»ä½ä¸æ软件ãè¿æ
·ï¼æ¨å°±è½ç¡®å®èªå·±æ²¡æè¿è¡ä»»ä½éèªç±çç¨åºãè¿å¼
å表ååºäºè¿æ ·çåè¡çï¼<br /> <a
+href="/distro/free-distros.html">èªç±ç GNU/Linux åè¡ç</a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+è¿äºç°æçåè¡ç大å¤å¨å¼åæ¹é¢éè¦æ´å¤ç帮å©ãå
æ¤ï¼å¦ææ¨å¸æå¶ä½ä¸ä¸ªé«æä¸èªç±ç GNU/Linux
+åè¡çï¼é£ä¹æ们建议æ¨ä¸å
¶èªå·±ä»å¤´åä¸ä¸ªæ°çåè¡çï¼ä¸å¦å å
¥è¿äºç°æåè¡ççå¼åéä¼ã
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="distroGuidelines">èªç±åè¡çæå</h3>
+<p>
+è¿éååºä¸äºå¯è½ä¼ä½¿å¾ä¸ä¸ªåè¡çæ
æ³æ为èªç±åè¡ççä¸äºåå ï¼<br /> <a
+href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidlines.html">èªç±ç³»ç»åè¡çæå</a>ã</p>
+
+<h3 id="otherDistros">常è§åè¡ç</h3>
+<p>
+大å¤æ°å¸¸è§ç GNU/Linux åè¡ç并ä¸è½æ»¡è¶³æ们å
³äºèªç±çè¦æ±ãè¿ç¯æç« ä¸ºæ¨å举äºå®ä»¬çä¸äºé®é¢ï¼<br
/><a
+href="/distros/common-distros.html">为ä»ä¹æ们ä¸èµåå¾å¤èåç
GNU/Linux åè¡ç</a></p>
+
+<p>
+æ们å¼åè¿äºå¸¸è§å¸¸è§åè¡ççå¼å人åæå
¶ä¸éèªç±çé¨å移é¤ï¼è¿ç¨æ·ä¸ä¸ªå®å
¨èªç±çç³»ç»ã
+</p>
+
+
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href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯æå</a>
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+<p>å
许åç§å½¢å¼çåæ转载ï¼ä½éä¿ççæ声æåæ¬å£°æ
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+Deng, Nan</div>
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+æ´æ°ï¼
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+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:40 $
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¶ä»è¯è¨</h4>
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Index: gnu/thegnuproject.sq.html
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+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.sq.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Rreth Projektit GNU - Projekti GNU - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, Projekti GNU, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, Historik" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.sq.html" -->
+<h2>Projekti GNU</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+<p>
+nga <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<p>
+the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”</p>
+
+
+<h3>Bashkësia e parë e ndarjes së <em>software</em>-eve</h3>
+<p>
+When I started working at the <acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part
+of a software-sharing community that had existed for many years. Sharing of
+software was not limited to our particular community; it is as old as
+computers, just as sharing of recipes is as old as cooking. But we did it
+more than most.</p>
+<p>
+The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym
+title="Incompatible Timesharing System">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible
+Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and
+written in assembler language for the Digital <acronym title="Programmed
+Data Processor">PDP</acronym>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As
+a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+improve this system.</p>
+<p>
+Nuk e quanim <em>software</em>-in tonë “<em>software</em> i
+lirë”, sepse termi ende nuk ekzistonte; po kështu qe. Kurdo që
njerëz
+nga një universitet apo shoqëri tjetër donte ta kalonte për sistemin e tyre
+dhe përdorte një program, i linim me gëzim ta bënin. Nëse shihnit dikë
që
+përdorte një program të panjohur dhe interesant, gjithmonë mund të
kërkonit
+të shihnit kodin burim, që të mund ta lexonit, ndryshonit, ose kanibalizonit
+copa prej tij për të bërë një program të ri.</p>
+<p>
+(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker”
+is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to
+recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who
+loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination
+of the two. See my article, <a
+href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html";>On Hacking</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>Vithisja e bashkësisë</h3>
+<p>
+The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital
+discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in
+the 60s, could not extend naturally to the larger address spaces that were
+becoming feasible in the 80s. This meant that nearly all of the programs
+composing ITS were obsolete.</p>
+<p>
+The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events,
+as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the
+AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use
+Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS.</p>
+<p>
+Kompjuterat modernë të epokës, si VAX apo 68020, kishin sistemin e tyre
+operativ, por asnjë prej tyre nuk qe <em>software</em> - lirë: duhej të
+nënshkruanit një marrëveshje moszbulimi madje edhe për të pasur një
kopje të
+ekzekutueshme.</p>
+<p>
+Kjo do të thoshte që hapi i parë në përdorimin e një kompjuteri ishte të
+premtonit se nuk do të ndihmonit as fqinjin tuaj. Bashkësitë e
+bashkëpunimit u ndaluan. Rregulli i vendosur nga padronët e
+<em>software</em>-eve pronësorë qe, “Nëse e ndani diçka me fqinjin
+tuaj, jeni pirat. Po deshët ndonjë ndryshim, na u lusni që t'i
+bëjmë.”</p>
+<p>
+The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that
+says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial,
+that it is unethical, that it is simply wrong, may come as a surprise to
+some readers. But what else could we say about a system based on dividing
+the public and keeping users helpless? Readers who find the idea surprising
+may have taken proprietary software social system as given, or judged it on
+the terms suggested by proprietary software businesses. Software publishers
+have worked long and hard to convince people that there is only one way to
+look at the issue.</p>
+<p>
+When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+“rights” or “stopping <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”, what they
+actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these statements is
+in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked
+to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them.</p>
+<p>
+Njëri hamendësim është shoqëritë e <em>software</em>-eve kanë të
drejtën
+natyrore të pakundërshtueshme ta zotërojnë <em>software</em>-in e kështu
+kanë pushtet mbi tërë përdoruesit e tij. (Po të kishte të drejtë
natyrore,
+atëherë pavarësisht se sa dëm i bëhet publikut, ne nuk mund të
+kundërshtojmë.) Ãuditërisht, Kushtetuta e Shteteve të Bashkuara dhe
tradita
+ligjore e hedh poshtë këtë pikëpamje; të drejtat e kopjimit nuk janë e
+drejtë natyrore, por një monopol artificial i vënë me detyrim nga qeveria
+për të kufizuar të drejtën natyrale të përdoruesit për kopjime.</p>
+<p>
+Një tjetër hamendësim i padeklaruar është që e vetmja gjë e
rëndësishme në
+një <em>software</em> është ç'punë ju lejon të bëni—pra që ne
+përdoruesave të kompjuterit nuk duhet të na hyjë në xhep se ç'lloj
shoqërie
+na lejohet të kemi.</p>
+<p>
+Një pohim i tretë është që nuk do të kishim <em>software</em> të
përdorshëm
+(ose që nuk do të kishim kurrë një program që bën këtë apo atë punë
të
+caktuar) po qe se nuk do t'i ofronim një shoqërie <em>software</em>-esh
+pushtet mbi përdoruesit e një programi. Kjo pikëpamje duket si më e
+pranueshme, deri kur lëvizja për <em>software</em> të lirë tregoi me prova
+se mund të krijojmë mjaft <em>software</em>-e të dobishëm pa vënë
zinxhirë
+në ta.</p>
+<p>
+If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on
+ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at
+very different conclusions. Computer users should be free to modify
+programs to fit their needs, and free to share software, because helping
+other people is the basis of society.</p>
+<p>
+Këtu nuk ka vend të mjaftueshëm për shtjellim të zgjeruar të arsyeve që
+qëndrojnë prapa këtij përfundimi, ndaj po i tregoj përdoruesit faqen web,
<a
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>Një zgjedhje e ashpër morale.</h3>
+<p>
+Pasi u zhduk bashkësia ime, qe e pamundur të vazhdohej si më parë. Në
vend
+të saj, u përballa me një zgjedhje morale të ashpër.</p>
+<p>
+Zgjedhja e lehtë qe të hidhesha në botën e <em>software</em>-it pronësor,
+duke nënshkruar marrëveshje moszbulimi dhe duke premtuar të mos ndihmoj
+kolegë hacker-a si vetja. Sipas shumicës së gjasave do të zhvilloja
+<em>software</em> që qe hedhur në qarkullim sipas marrëveshjesh moszbulimi,
+duke kontribuar kështu te trysnia mbi të tjerë persona që edhe këta të
+tradhëtojnë kolegët e tyre.</p>
+<p>
+Me këtë mënyrë mund të kisha bërë para, dhe ndoshta edhe të
dëfrehesha duke
+shkruajtur kod. Por e dija që në fund të karierës sime, do të hidhja
sytë
+pas tek vitet kur ndërtoja mure për të përçarë njerëzit, dhe të ndieja
që e
+kisha harxhuar jetën time për ta bërë botën një vend më të shpifur.</p>
+<p>
+I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure
+agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source
+code for the control program for our printer. (The lack of certain features
+in this program made use of the printer extremely frustrating.) So I could
+not tell myself that nondisclosure agreements were innocent. I was very
+angry when he refused to share with us; I could not turn around and do the
+same thing to everyone else.</p>
+<p>
+Një zgjedhje tjetër, e thjeshtë por e papëlqyeshme, qe ta lija fushën e
+kompjuterave. Pas kësaj zgjedhjeje, aftësitë e mia nuk do të
keqpërdoreshin,
+por prapë do të venin dëm. Nuk do të isha fajtor për përçarje dhe
kufizim të
+përdoruesve, por kjo do të ndodhte prapëseprapë.</p>
+<p>
+Ndaj kërkova për ndonjë rrugë me të cilën një programues të bënte
diçka për
+të mirën. I bëra pyetjen vetes, a kish ndonjë program apo programe që
mund
+t'i shkruaja, që të mundësonte një bashkësi si njëherë e një kohë?</p>
+<p>
+Përgjigja qe e qartë: çfarë duhej së pari, qe një sistem operativ. Ky
është
+<em>software</em> kyç për t'ia filluar përdorimit të kompjuterit. Me një
+sistem operativ, mund të bëni mjaft gjëra; pa një të tillë, nuk e xhironi
+dot fare kompjuterin. Me një sistem operativ të lirë, mund të kishim
sërish
+një bashkësi "hacker"-ash që bashkëpunojnë—dhe të ftonim këdo
tjetër.
+Dhe cilido do të ishte në gjendje të përdorte një kompjuter, pa iu dashur
+t'ia fillojë duke bërë plane fshehtas se si t'u heqë lirinë miqve të
tij.</p>
+<p>
+As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.”</p>
+<p>
+An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other
+programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included
+command processors, assemblers, compilers, interpreters, debuggers, text
+editors, mailers, and much more. ITS had them, Multics had them, VMS had
+them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating system would include them too.</p>
+<p>
+Më vonë dëgjova këto fjalë, që ia veshin Hillel-it (1):</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself,
+what am I?<br /> If not now, when?
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit.</p>
+<p>
+(1) Si ateist që jam, nuk ndjek ndonjë lider fetar, por ndonjëherë shoh se
+admiroj ndonjë gjë mund të ketë thënë ndonjëri prej tyre.</p>
+
+<h3>I lirë si te liria</h3>
+<p>
+The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has
+nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the
+definition of free software.</p>
+
+<p>A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any
purpose.</li>
+
+ <li>Jeni i lirë ta ndryshoni programin për t'ia përshtatur nevojave
tuaja. (Që
+kjo liri të jetë e efektshme në praktikë, duhet të keni hyrje në kodin
+burim, ngaqë bërja e ndryshimeve në një program, pa pasur kodin burim,
është
+jashtë mase e vështirë.)</li>
+
+ <li>Jeni i lirë të rishpërndani kopjet, falas ose kundrejt një
pagese.</li>
+
+ <li>Jeni i lirë të shpërndani versione të ndryshuara të programit, që
kështu
+prej përmirësimeve tuaja tëmund të përfitojë bashkësia.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+Ngaqë “i lirë” e ka fjalën për lirinë, jo për çmimin, nuk ka
+kundërthënie mes shitjes së kopjeve të tij dhe <em>software</em>-it të
+lirë. Në fakt, liria për të shitur kopje të tij është pikë kyçe:
+koleksionet e <em>software</em>-eve të lirë, shitur si CD-ROM, janë të
+rëndësishëm për bashkësinë, dhe shitja e tyre është një rrugë e
rëndësishme
+për të grumbulluar fonde për zhvillimin e <em>software</em>-it të lirë.
+Prandaj, një program, të cilin njerëzia nuk është e lirë ta përfshijë
në
+këto koleksione nuk është <em>software</em> i lirë.</p>
+<p>
+Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for
+alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English Language has
+more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous,
+word that means “free”, as in
+freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest in
+meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”,
+“freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning
+or some other disadvantage.</p>
+
+<h3><em>Software</em>-i GNU dhe sistemi GNU</h3>
+<p>
+Zhvillimi i një sistemi të plotë është projekt shumë i gjerë. Për ta
prurë
+në jetë, vendosa të përshtas copa ekzistuese <em>software</em>-i të lirë,
+kurdo që kjo qe e mundur. Për shembull, vendosa që në fillim fare të
përdor
+TeX-in si formatues kryesor tekstesh; ca vite më vonë, vendosa të përdor X
+Window System në vend që të shkruaja një tjetër sistem dritaresh për
GNU-në.</p>
+<p>
+Për shkak të këtij vendimi, sistemi GNU nuk është e njëjta gjë me
+koleksionin e krejt <em>software</em>-eve GNU. Sistemi GNU përfshin
+programe që nuk janë <em>software</em> GNU, programe që qenë hartuar nga
+persona dhe projekte të tjerë për qëllimet e këtyre, por që ne mund t'i
+përdorim sepse janë <em>software</em> i lirë.</p>
+
+<h3>Fillimi i projektit</h3>
+<p>
+In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software.
+Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with
+distributing GNU as free software. If I had remained on the staff, MIT
+could have claimed to own the work, and could have imposed their own
+distribution terms, or even turned the work into a proprietary software
+package. I had no intention of doing a large amount of work only to see it
+become useless for its intended purpose: creating a new software-sharing
+community.</p>
+<p>
+However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited
+me to keep using the lab's facilities.</p>
+
+<h3>Hapat e parë</h3>
+<p>
+Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University
+Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is
+written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple
+languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines.
+I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it.</p>
+<p>
+He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the
+compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU
+Project would be a multilanguage, multiplatform compiler.</p>
+<p>
+Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the
+source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler
+developed at Lawrence Livermore Lab. It supported, and was written in, an
+extended version of Pascal, designed to be a system-programming language. I
+added a C front end, and began porting it to the Motorola 68000 computer.
+But I had to give that up when I discovered that the compiler needed many
+megabytes of stack space, and the available 68000 Unix system would only
+allow 64k.</p>
+<p>
+Mandej pashë që përpiluesi Pastel funksiononte duke përtypur një kartelë
të
+tërë <i>input</i>-i në një pemë sintakse, duke shndërruar krejt pemën e
+sintaksës në një zinxhir “udhëzimesh”, dhe duke prodhuar mandej
+një kartelë të tërë <i>output</i>, pa liruar fare ndonjë hapësirë.
Në këtë
+pikë, vendosa që më duhej të shkruaja një përpilues të ri nga e para.
Ky
+përpilues i ri tani njihet si <acronym title="GNU Compiler
+Collection">GCC</acronym>; në të nuk përdoret gjë prej Pastel-it, por
arrita
+të përshtas dhe të përdor <i>front end</i>-n C që pata shkruajtur. Por
kjo
+ndodhi pas ca vitesh; së pari, u mora me GNU Emacs-in.</p>
+
+<h3>GNU Emacs</h3>
+<p>
+Zura të punoj mbi GNU Emacs-in në Shtator 1984, dhe në fillimet e 1985-s
+zuri të ishte i përdorshëm. Kjo më dha mundësinë të filloj të përdor
+sisteme Unix për përpunime; meqë nuk kisha pasur interes të mësoj vi ose
ed,
+përpunimet e mia deri atëherë i pata bërë në lloje të tjera
makinash.</p>
+<p>
+Në këtë kohë, ca persona filluan të tregonin interes për përdorimin e
GNU
+Emacs-i, çka pruri edhe çështjen se si të shpërndahej ai. Sigurisht, e
+kisha hedhur në shërbyesin për ftp anonime te kompjuteri që përdorja në
+MIT. (Ky kompjuter, prep.ai.mit.edu, u bë kështu <em>site</em>-i kryesor
+ftp për shpërndarjen e GNU-së; pas ca vitesh kur nuk e financuan më, e
+shpërngulëm emrin te shërbyesi ynë i ri ftp.) Por në atë kohë, mjaft
+persona të interesuar nuk kishin Internet dhe nuk mund të merrnin një kopje
+përmes ftp-së. Kështu që pyetja bëhej: çfarë duhej t'u thosha?</p>
+<p>
+I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make
+a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original
+PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <acronym
+title="Self-addressed Stamped Envelope">SASE</acronym>, and I will mail it
+back with Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for ways
+to make money from free software. So I announced that I would mail a tape
+to whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started a free
+software distribution business, the precursor of the companies that today
+distribute entire Linux-based GNU systems.</p>
+
+<h3>A është një program i lirë për secilin përdorues?</h3>
+<p>
+Nëse një program është <em>software</em> i lirë në kohën që del nga
duart e
+autorit të tij, kjo nuk do të thotë doemos që ka për të qenë
+<em>software</em> i lirë për cilindo që ka një kopje të tij. Për
shembull,
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware">
+<em>software</em>-i në përkatësi publike</a> (<em>software</em> që nuk
është
+nën të drejta kopjimi) është <em>software</em> i lirë; por cilido mund të
+prodhojë prej tij një version të ndryshuar pronësor. Po njësoj, mjaft
+programe të lira janë janë nën të drejta kopjimi, por shpërndahen sipas
+lejesh të thjeshta dorëlëshuara të cilat lejojnë versione të ndryshuara
+pronësore.</p>
+<p>
+The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed
+at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon
+adopted by various computer companies. They added X to their proprietary
+Unix systems, in binary form only, and covered by the same nondisclosure
+agreement. These copies of X were no more free software than Unix was.</p>
+<p>
+The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not
+freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many
+users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only that
+they should be numerous.</p>
+<p>
+This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the
+amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this
+program free?” If you judged based on the freedom provided by the
+distribution terms of the MIT release, you would say that X was free
+software. But if you measured the freedom of the average user of X, you
+would have to say it was proprietary software. Most X users were running
+the proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, not the free version.</p>
+
+<h3>Copyleft-i dhe GNU GPL</h3>
+<p>
+Synimi i GNU-së qe t'i jepte përdoruesve liri, jo thjeshtë të ishte
+popullor. Ndaj na duhej të përdornim kushte shpërndarjeje që do të
+parandalonin shndërrimin e <em>software</em>-eve GNU në <em>software</em>
+pronësor. Metoda që përdorim quhet “copyleft”.(1)</p>
+<p>
+Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its
+usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a
+means for keeping the program free.</p>
+<p>
+Ideja qendrore e <i>copyleft</i>-it është që ne i japim cilitdo lejen të
+xhirojë programin, ta kopjojë programin, ta ndryshojë programin, dhe të
+shpërndajë versione të ndryshuara të tij—por jo leje për të shtuar
në
+të kufizime sipas qejfit. Kështu, garantohen për këdo që zotëron një
kopje
+liritë kyçe që përkufizojnë “<em>software</em>-in e lirë”;
+shndërrohen në të drejta të patjetërsueshme.</p>
+<p>
+Për një <i>copyleft</i> të efektshëm, versionet e ndryshuara duhet të
jenë
+po aq të lira. Kjo siguron që veprat e bazuara mbi tonat të mund të kihen
+nga bashkësia, nëse ato bëhen publike. Kur programuesit, që janë të
+punësuar, ofrojnë ndihmë vullnetare përmirësimin e <em>software</em>-eve
+GNU, është <i>copyleft</i>-i ai që i pengon punëdhënësit të thonë,
+“Nuk mund t'i shkëmbeni me të tjerët këto ndryshime, ngaqë do t'i
+përdorim ne për të krijuar version tonë pronësor të programit.”</p>
+<p>
+Domosdoshmëria që ndryshimet duhet të jenë të lira është thelbësore
nëse
+duam të sigurojmë lirinë e çdo përdoruesi të program-it. Shoqëritë që
+privatizuan X Window System zakonisht bënë ca ndryshime për të mund ta
+kaluar atë në sistemet dhe hardware-eret e tyre. Këto ndryshime qenë të
+volga në krahasim me shtrirjen e madhe të X-it, por nuk qenë të
+papërfillshme. Sikur bërja e ndryshimeve të qe një shfajësim për t'u
mohuar
+përdoruesve lirinë, do të ishte e lehtë për këdo të përfitonte prej
këtij
+shfajësimi.</p>
+<p>
+A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a
+combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for
+the nonfree part would be lacking for the whole as well. To permit such
+combinations would open a hole big enough to sink a ship. Therefore, a
+crucial requirement for copyleft is to plug this hole: anything added to or
+combined with a copylefted program must be such that the larger combined
+version is also free and copylefted.</p>
+<p>
+Sendërtimi specifik i <i>copyleft</i>-it që përdorim për shumicën e
+<em>software</em>-it GNU është GNU General Public License (Leja e
+Përgjithshme Publike), ose GNU GPL për shkurt. Kemi dhe lloje të tjera
+<i>copyleft</i>-i që përdoren në rrethana të veçanta. Doracakët e
GNU-së
+janë gjithashtu nën <i>copyleft</i>, por përdorin një lloj
<i>copyleft</i>-i
+shumë më të thjeshtë, ngaqë ndërlikueshmëria e GNU GPL nuk është e
nevojshme
+për doracakë.(2)</p>
+<p>
+(1) Më 1984 ose 1985, Don Hopkins (një djalë me shumë imagjinatë) më
dërgoi
+një letër. Mbi zarf kishte shkruajtur disa thënie zbavitëse, përfshi edhe
+këtë: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” Përdora fjalën
+“copyleft” për të emërtuar konceptin e shpërndarjes që po
+hartoja në atë kohë.</p>
+
+<p>
+(2) Tani përdorim <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">Lejen e Lirë GNU për
+Dokumentime</a> për dokumentim.</p>
+
+<h3>The Free Software Foundation</h3>
+
+<p>As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the
+GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So
+in 1985 we created the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software
+Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development.
+The <acronym title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</acronym> also took over
+the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other
+free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free
+manuals as well.</p>
+
+<p>Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software
+and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with
+binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and
+modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the
+whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today
+the FSF still <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/";> sells manuals and other
+gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can
+join the FSF at <a href="http://fsf.org/join";>fsf.org</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux
+systems is <acronym title="Bourne Again Shell">BASH</acronym>, the Bourne
+Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.</p>
+
+<p>We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just
+about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating
+system, and these programs were needed for that goal.</p>
+
+<p>(1) “Bourne Again Shell” është një lojë me emrin
“Bourne
+Shell”, i cili qe shelli i zakonshëm në Unix.</p>
+
+<h3>Asistencë <em>software</em>-i të lirë</h3>
+
+<p>Filozofia e <em>software</em>-it të lirë hedh tej një praktikë të
veçantë
+biznesi shumë të përhapur, por nuk është kundër biznesit. Kur bizneset
+respektojnë lirinë e përdoruesit, u urojmë sukses.</p>
+
+<p>Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business.
+When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a
+living. I found it in selling services relating to the free software I had
+developed. This included teaching, for subjects such as how to program GNU
+Emacs and how to customize GCC, and software development, mostly porting GCC
+to new platforms.</p>
+
+<p>Sot secili nga këta lloje biznesesh të <em>software</em>-it të lirë
+praktikohet nga një numër korporatash. Disa shpërndajnë koleksione
+<em>software</em>-i të lirë në CD-ROM; të tjerët shesin asistencë që nga
+niveli i dhënies përgjigje pyetjeve të përdoruesve, ndreqje të metash, e
+deri te shtim veçorish të reja. Madje kemi filluar të shohim shoqëri
+<em>software</em>-i të lirë të bazuara në hedhjen në qarkullim të
produkteve
+të reja <em>software</em>-i të lirë.</p>
+
+<p>Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with
+the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree
+software that works with free software. These are not free software
+companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt
+users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added
+packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt:
+convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them
+“freedom-subtracted” packages.</p>
+
+<h3>Synimet teknike</h3>
+
+<p>The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no
+technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing
+users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's
freedom.</p>
+
+<p>Por qe e natyrshme të zbatoheshin te vepra standarde praktike të
+vyera—për shembull, shpërndarja dinamike e strukturave të të dhënave
+me qëllim shmangien e kufijve arbitrarë të madhësive fikse, dhe përdorjen
e
+krejt kodeve 8-bitësh të mundshëm kurdo që kjo kish kuptim.</p>
+
+<p>Veç këtyre, hodhëm tej përqendrimin e Unix-it në madhësitë e vogla
të
+kujtesës, duke vendosur të mos mbulonim makinat 16-bit (ishte e qartë që
+makinat 32-bit do të ishin normalja në kohën kur të përfundohej sistemi
+GNU), dhe për të mos bërë përpjekje për të ulur përdorimin e
kujtesës, në
+rast se kjo nuk kalonte një megabyte. Në programe te të cilët trajtimi i
+kartelave shumë të mëdhaja nuk qe thelbësor, i nxitëm programuesit të
+lexojnë një kartelë të plotë <i>input</i>-i te <i>core</i>, mandej të
+skanohej lënda e saj pa u dashur të shqetësohesh për I/O.</p>
+
+<p>Këto vendime i krijuan mundësinë shumë programeve GNU të tejkalojnë
të
+ngjashmit e tyre Unix në qëndrueshmëri dhe shpejtësi.</p>
+
+<h3>Kompjutera të dhuruar</h3>
+
+<p>As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate
+machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the
+easiest way to develop components of GNU was to do it on a Unix system, and
+replace the components of that system one by one. But they raised an
+ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of Unix at all.</p>
+
+<p>Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy
+said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same
+reasoning that leads to the conclusion that violence in self defense is
+justified, I concluded that it was legitimate to use a proprietary package
+when that was crucial for developing a free replacement that would help
+others stop using the proprietary package.</p>
+
+<p>Por, edhe pse kjo qe një e keqe që mund të përligjej, prapë qe një e
keqe.
+Sot nuk kemi më ndonjë kopje të Unix-it, sepse i kemi zëvendësuar me
sisteme
+operativë të lirë. Nëse nuk zëvendësonim dot sistemin operativ të një
+makine me një të lirë, zëvendësonim makinën.</p>
+
+<h3>Lista e Hapave GNU</h3>
+
+<p>As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components
+were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the
+remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the missing
+pieces. This list became known as the GNU Task List. In addition to
+missing Unix components, we listed various other useful software and
+documentation projects that, we thought, a truly complete system ought to
+have.</p>
+
+<p>Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task
+List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But
+the list is full of projects that some might call
+“applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow
+class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system.</p>
+
+<p>Te lista e hapave GNU përfshihen madje dhe lojëra—e kanë qenë aty
që
+në fillim. Unix-i përfshinte lojëra, ndaj kuptohet që ëkshtu do të
duhej të
+bënte edhe GNU-ja. Por përputhshmëria nuk qe problem në rastin e
lojërave,
+ndaj nuk ndoqëm listën e lojërave që kish Unix-i. Në vend të kësaj,
hodhëm
+në listë një gamë lojërash llojesh të ndryshme që përdoruesit mund t'i
+pëlqenin.</p>
+
+<p>(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task
+list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep
+track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much
+shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write.</p>
+
+<h3>GNU Library GPL</h3>
+
+<p>Libraria GNU C përdor një lloj të veçantë <i>copyleft</i>-i të quajtur
+<i>GNU Library General Public License</i>(1), që jep leje për lidhje të
+<em>software</em>-it pronësor me librarinë. Pse duhet ky përjashtim?</p>
+
+<p>Nuk është punë parimesh; nuk ka parim që thotë se produktet e
+<em>software</em>-it pronësor janë të taksur për përfshirje të kodit
tonë.
+(Pse duhet kontribuar te një projekt që ka në bazë mospranimin e
shkëmbimit
+me ne?) Përdorimi i LGPL-së për librarinë C, ose për çfarëdo librarie,
+është çështje strategjie.</p>
+
+<p>Libraria C kryen një detyrë të thjeshtë; çdo sistem apo përpilues
pronësor
+shoqërohet nga një librari C. Ndaj, dhënia e librarisë sonë C vetëm për
+<em>software</em> të lirë nuk do t'i sillte <em>software</em>-it të lirë
+ndonjë përparësi—vetëm sa do të shkurajonte përdorimin e librarisë
+sonë.</p>
+
+<p>One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes
+GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution
+terms of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a
+proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to allow
+proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it seems that
+disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU system than to
+encourage development of free applications. That is why using the Library
+GPL is a good strategy for the C library.</p>
+
+<p>For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a
+case-by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write
+certain kinds of programs, then releasing it under the GPL, limiting it to
+free programs only, is a way of helping other free software developers,
+giving them an advantage against proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line
+editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the
+Library GPL. This probably does reduce the amount Readline is used, but
+that is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at least one useful application has been
+made free software specifically so it could use Readline, and that is a real
+gain for the community.</p>
+
+<p>Zhvilluesit e <em>software</em>-eve pronësorë kanë përparësitë që
sjell
+paraja; zhvilluesit e <em>software</em>-it të lirë lypset të krijojnë
+përparësi për njëri tjetrin. Shpresoj që një ditë të kemi një
koleksion të
+madh librarish nën GPL, të cilat nuk do të kenë paralele në krahun e
+<em>software</em>-it pronësor, që të ofrojnë module të dobishme të cilat
të
+shërbejnë si blloqe ndërtimi për <em>software</em> të lirë të ri, dhe ta
+rrisin këtë përparësi të rëndësishme, në dobi të zhvillimit të
mëtejshëm të
+<em>software</em>-it të lirë.</p>
+
+<p>(1) Kjo leje tani quhet <i>GNU Lesser General Public License</i>, për të
+shmangur idenë se krejt libraritë janë të detyruara ta përdorin. <a
+href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"></a>.</p>
+
+<h3>Punë sikleti?</h3>
+<p>
+Eric Raymond thotë se “Ãdo punë e mirë <em>software</em>-i zë fill
nga
+një siklet personal i zhvilluesit.” Ndoshta ngandonjëherë është
+kështu, por shumë pjesë thelbësore të <em>software</em>-it GNU qenë
hartuar
+me qëllim që të kihej një sistem i plotë operativ i lirë. Rrjedhin ngas
një
+përfytyrim dhe një plan, jo nga një impuls.</p>
+<p>
+For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs
+a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar
+because a Unix-like system needs a tar program. The same is true for my own
+programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make.</p>
+<p>
+Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our
+freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had
+been lost to the community because of the <acronym
+title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</acronym> patents. We found people to develop
+LessTif, and more recently started <acronym title="GNU Network Object Model
+Environment">GNOME</acronym> and Harmony, to address the problems caused by
+certain proprietary libraries (see below). We are developing the GNU
+Privacy Guard to replace popular nonfree encryption software, because users
+should not have to choose between privacy and freedom.</p>
+<p>
+Sigurisht, njerëzit që shkruajtën këto programe shfaqën interesim për
këtë
+punë, dhe mjaft veçori janë shtuar prej presonash të ndryshëm drejt e për
+nevojat apo interesat e tyre. Por nuk është kjo arsyeja pse ekzistojnë
këto
+programe.</p>
+
+<h3>Zhvillime të papritura</h3>
+<p>
+At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the
+whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened.</p>
+<p>
+Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system,
+each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system
+existed. Some of these programs became popular, and users began extending
+them and porting them—to the various incompatible versions of Unix,
+and sometimes to other systems as well.</p>
+<p>
+The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds
+and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed
+completion of a minimal working system by several years, as GNU developers'
+time was put into maintaining these ports and adding features to the
+existing components, rather than moving on to write one missing component
+after another.</p>
+
+<h3>The GNU Hurd</h3>
+<p>
+By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing
+component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a
+collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a
+microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University and then at the
+University of Utah; the GNU Hurd is a collection of servers (i.e., a herd of
+GNUs) that run on top of Mach, and do the various jobs of the Unix kernel.
+The start of development was delayed as we waited for Mach to be released as
+free software, as had been promised.</p>
+<p>
+One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the
+hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level
+debugger to do it with. This part of the job had been done already, in
+Mach, and we expected to debug the Hurd servers as user programs, with GDB.
+But it took a long time to make that possible, and the multithreaded servers
+that send messages to each other have turned out to be very hard to debug.
+Making the Hurd work solidly has stretched on for many years.</p>
+
+<h3>Alix</h3>
+<p>
+The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its
+original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at
+the time. She, a Unix system administrator, had pointed out how her name
+would fit a common naming pattern for Unix system versions; as a joke, she
+told her friends, “Someone should name a kernel after me.” I
+said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a kernel named Alix.</p>
+<p>
+It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer
+of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a
+certain part of the kernel—the part that would trap system calls and
+handle them by sending messages to Hurd servers.</p>
+<p>
+Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the
+Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly
+to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the design.</p>
+<p>
+But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix
+in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the
+chance to find a kernel named after her.</p>
+
+<h3>Linux dhe GNU/Linux</h3>
+<p>
+The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it
+ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly
+from the flexibility of the design, and it is not clear solutions exist.</p>
+
+<p>
+Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed
+a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free
+software; combining Linux with the not-quite-complete GNU system resulted in
+a complete free operating system. (Combining them was a substantial job in
+itself, of course.) It is due to Linux that we can actually run a version
+of the GNU system today.</p>
+<p>
+Këtë version të sistemit e quajmë GNU/Linux, për të shprehur përbërjen
e tij
+si një ndërthurje të sistemit GNU me Linux-in për kernel.</p>
+
+<h3>Sfida të së ardhmes sonë</h3>
+<p>
+E kemi dëshmuar aftësinë tonë për përgatitjen e një spektri të gjerë
+<em>software</em>-esh të lira. Kjo nuk do të thotë që jemi të pamposhtur
+dhe të pandalshëm. Disa sfida e bëjnë të ardhmen e <em>software</em>-it
të
+lirë të paqartë; përballimi i tyre do të kërkojë përpjekje ngulmuese
dhe
+durim, ngandonjëherë për vite me radhë. Do të kërkojë atë lloj
vendosmërie
+që njerëzit e shfaqin kur çmojnë lirinë e tyre dhe nuk lënë njeri tua
marrë.</p>
+<p>
+Katër ndarjet vijuese diskutojnë këto sfida:</p>
+
+<h3>"Hardware" sekret:</h3>
+<p>
+Prodhuesit e hardware-it gjithnjë e më tepër priren t'ia mbajnë të fshehta
+specifikimet e hardware-eve. Kjo e bën të vështirë shkrimin e
përudhësave
+të lirë, që kështu Linux-i dhe XFree86-a të mund të mbulojnë hardware
të
+ri. Sot kemi sisteme të plotë të lirë, por nuk kemi për t'i pasur nesër
po
+qe se nuk mbulojmë kompjuterat e së nesërmes.</p>
+<p>
+Ka dy rrugë për t'u përballur me këtë problem. Programuesit mund të
kryejnë
+<i>reverse engineering</i> për të parë se si të mbulohet një hardware i
+dhënë. Pjesa tjetër prej nesh mund të zgjedhë hardware që mbulohet nga
+<em>software</em>-i i lirë; me rritjen e numrit tonë, mbajtja fshehur e
+specifikimeve do të shndërrohet në një taktikë që sjell humbjen.</p>
+<p>
+Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are
+intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a
+little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to
+have freedom is widespread.</p>
+<p>
+(Shënim i 2008-s: kjo çështje prek po ashtu edhe BIOS-in. Ka një BIOS të
+lirë, coreboot-i; problemi mbetet te pasja e specifikimeve për makinat, që
+kështu coreboot-i t'i mbulojë ato.)</p>
+
+<h3>Nonfree libraries</h3>
+<p>
+A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for
+free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait;
+if you use the library, you fall into the trap, because your program cannot
+usefully be part of a free operating system. (Strictly speaking, we could
+include your program, but it won't <em>run</em> with the library missing.)
+Even worse, if a program that uses the proprietary library becomes popular,
+it can lure other unsuspecting programmers into the trap.</p>
+<p>
+The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s.
+Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what
+problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project responded in
+two ways: by asking individual free software projects to support the free X
+Toolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for someone to write a free
+replacement for Motif. The job took many years; LessTif, developed by the
+Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to support most Motif
+applications only in 1997.</p>
+<p>
+Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title="Graphical User
+Interface">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a
+substantial collection of free software, the desktop <acronym title="K
+Desktop Environment">KDE</acronym>.</p>
+<p>
+Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the
+library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who
+were not strict about sticking with free software added KDE to their
+systems—producing a system with more capabilities, but less freedom.
+The KDE group was actively encouraging more programmers to use Qt, and
+millions of new “Linux users” had never been exposed to the idea
+that there was a problem in this. The situation appeared grim.</p>
+<p>
+The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and
+Harmony.</p>
+<p>
+GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project.
+Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red
+Hat Software, GNOME set out to provide similar desktop facilities, but using
+free software exclusively. It has technical advantages as well, such as
+supporting a variety of languages, not just C++. But its main purpose was
+freedom: not to require the use of any nonfree software.</p>
+<p>
+Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to
+run KDE software without using Qt.</p>
+<p>
+In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which,
+when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure,
+but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the
+problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient
+and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)</p>
+<p>
+[Shënim i mëpasshëm: në Shtator 2000, Qt u hodh në qarkullim nën GNU GPL,
+çka në thelb e zgjidhi këtë problem.]</p>
+<p>
+Si do t'i përgjigjemi librarisë së ardhshme tunduese jo të lirë? A ka
për ta
+kuptuar krejt bashkësia nevojën për t'i qëndruar larg grackës? Apo shumë
+prej nesh do të heqin dorë nga liria për hir të leverdisë, dhe të
prodhojnë
+kështu një problem të madh? E ardhmja jonë varet nga filozofia jonë.</p>
+
+<h3>Patenta <em>software</em>-i</h3>
+<p>
+Rreziku më i madh me të cilin përballemi vjen nga patentat e
+<em>software</em>-eve, të cilat mund të mbajnë algoritme dhe veçori
+programesh jashtë shtrirjes së <em>software</em>-it të lirë deri edhe për
+njëzet vjetë. Patentat mbi algoritmin LZW për ngjeshje filluan të
+zbatoheshin më 1983, dhe ne ende nuk mund të hedhin në qarkullim
+<em>software</em> të lirë që prodhon <acronym title="Graphics Interchange
+Format">GIF</acronym> të saktë. [Më 2009 ato kanë skaduar.] Më 1998, nën
+kërcënimin për hedhje në gjyq për shkelje patentash, u hoq nga qarkullimi
+një program i lirë që prodhonte audio të ngjeshur si <acronym title="MPEG-1
+Audio Layer 3">MP3</acronym>.</p>
+<p>
+Ka rrugë për t'u përballur me patentat: mund të kërkohet për shenja që
+tregojnë se një patentë është e pavlefshme, dhe mund të kërkojmë për
rrugë
+alternative për të kryer një punë të caktuar. Por secila nga këto metoda
+bën punë vetëm në disa raste; kur nuk pijnë ujë që të dyja, një
patentë e
+shtrëngon krejt <em>software</em>-in e lirë të mos ofrojë dot ca veçori
që
+përdoruesit i pëlqejnë. Ãfarë do të bëjmë ne kur kjo të ndodhë?</p>
+<p>
+Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free
+software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented
+features. But those who value free software because they expect it to be
+technically superior are likely to call it a failure when a patent holds it
+back. Thus, while it is useful to talk about the practical effectiveness of
+the “bazaar” model of development, and the reliability and power
+of some free software, we must not stop there. We must talk about freedom
+and principle.</p>
+
+<h3>Dokumentim i lirë</h3>
+<p>
+Mangësi më e madhe në sistemin tonë të lirë operativ nuk është tek
+<em>software</em>-i—është mungesa e doracakëve të mirë, të lirë,
të
+cilët mund t'i përfshijmë në sistemet tona. Dokumentimi është pjesë
+thelbësore e çfarëdo pakete <em>software</em>; kur një paketë e
rëndësishme
+<em>software</em>-i të lirë nuk vjen me një doracak të lirë të denjë,
këtu
+ka një hendek të madh. Sot për sot kemi mjaft hendeqe të tillë.</p>
+<p>
+Dokumentimi i lirë, ashtu si <em>software</em>-i i lirë, është çështje
+lirie, jo çmimi. Kriteri për doracakë të lirë është pak a shumë i
njëjtë me
+atë për <em>software</em>-e të lirë: bëhet fjalë që t'i jepen çdo
përdoruesi
+disa liri. Duhet t'i lejohet rishpërndarja (përfshi shitjen komerciale),
+<i>on-line</i> dhe në letër, që kështu doracaku të mund të shoqërojë
çdo
+kopje të programit.</p>
+<p>
+Leja për ndryshime është kyçe po aq. Si rregull i përgjithshëm, nuk
besoj
+që që për njerëzit është thelbësore pasja e lejes për të ndryshuar
gjithë
+llojet e artikujve dhe librave. Për shembull, nuk mendoj se ju ose unë jemi
+të detyruar të japin leje për ndryshimin e artikujve si ky këtu, i cili
+përshkruan veprimet tona dhe pikëpamjet tona.</p>
+<p>
+Por ka një arsye të veçantë pse liria për ndryshime është kyçe për
+dokumentimin e <em>software</em>-it të lirë. Kur njerëzit përdorin të
+drejtën e tyre për të ndryshuar <em>software</em>-in, dhe ndryshojnë ose
+shtojnë karakteristika, nëse janë të vetëdijshëm, do të ndryshonin edhe
+doracakun—që të furnizojnë, bashkë me programin e ndryshuar,
+dokumentim të saktë dhe të përdorshëm. Një doracak jo i lirë, që nuk u
+lejon programuesve të jenë të vetëdijshëm dhe të çojnë deri në fund
punën,
+nuk i plotëson nevojat e bashkësisë sonë.</p>
+<p>
+Disa lloje kufizimesh rreth se si mund mund të kryhen ndryshimet nuk
+paraqesin problem. Për shembull, kërkesa për të ruajtur shënimin
origjinal
+të autorit mbi të drejtat e kopjimit, kushtet e shpërndarjes, ose lista e
+autorëve, këto janë në rregull. As nuk ka problem të kërkohet që
versionet
+e ndryshuar të përfshijnë shënimin që janë të ndryshuar, madje as të
kihen
+ndarje të tëra që nuk mund të fshihen ose ndryshohen, për sa kohë që
këto
+ndarje merren me gjëra joteknike. Këto lloj kufizimesh nuk janë problem,
+ngaqë nuk e pengojnë programuesin e vetëdijshëm ta birësojë doracakun
që ky
+t'i përshtatet programit. Me fjalë të tjera, nuk i presin bashkësisë
+së <em>software</em>-it të lirë rrugën që ta përdorë plotësisht
doracakun.</p>
+<p>
+Megjithatë, duhet të bëhet e mundur të ndryshohet krejt lënda
+<em>teknike</em> e doracakut, dhe mandej të rishpërndahet përfundimi përmes
+krejt mediave të zakonshme, përmes krejt kanaleve të zakonshëm;
përndryshe,
+kufizimet i dalin përpara bashkësisë, doracaku nuk është i lirë, dhe ne
na
+duhet një doracak tjetër.</p>
+<p>
+A do ta kenë zhvilluesit e <em>software</em>-it të lirë vetëdijen dhe
+vendosmërinë të prodhojnë një spektër të plotë doracakësh të lirë?
Edhe një
+herë, e ardhmja jonë është në dorë të filozofisë.</p>
+
+<h3>Duhet të flasim rreth lirisë</h3>
+<p>
+Vlerësimet e sotme flasin për dhjetë milionë përdoruesa të sistemeve
+GNU/Linux, të tillë si Debian GNU/Linux dhe Red Hat “Linux”.
+<em>Software</em>-i i lirë ka prurë përparësi të tilla praktike sa që
+përdoruesit po turren drejt tij për arsye të pastra praktike.</p>
+<p>
+Rrjedhimet e mira të kësaj pune janë të dukshme: më tepër interes drejt
+përgatitjes së <em>software</em>-it të lirë, më tepër klientë për
biznese të
+<em>software</em>-it të lirë, dhe më tepër aftësi për të nxitur
shoqëri të
+përgatisin <em>software</em> komercial të lirë në vend të produkteve
+<em>software</em> pronësorë.</p>
+<p>
+Por interesi mbi <em>software</em>-in po rritet më shpejt se vetëdija mbi
+filozofinë mbi të cilin ai bazohet, dhe kjo shpie në belara. Aftësia jonë
+për t'u përballur me sfidat dhe rreziqet e përshkruara më sipar varet nga
+vullneti për të qëndruar të palëkundur krah lirisë sonë. Për t'u
siguruar
+që bashkësia jonë e ka këtë vullnet, lypset të përhapim idetë te
përdoruesit
+e rinj, dora dorës që këta bëhen pjesë e bashkësisë.</p>
+<p>
+Por këtu po dështojmë: përpjekjet për të tërhequr në bashksinë tonë
+përdorues të rinj janë shumë më lart se sa përpjekjet për t'u mësuar
atyre
+vlerat qytetare të bashkësisë sonë. Na duhet t'i bëjmë të dyja, dhe na
+duhet t'i mbajmë në baraspeshë të dyja përpjekjet.</p>
+
+<h3>“Burim i Hapur”</h3>
+<p>
+T'u mësoje përdoruesve të rinj lirinë u bë më e vështirë pas 1998, kur
një
+pjesë e bashkësisë vendosi të të mos përdorte më termin
+“<em>software</em> i lirë” dhe të thoshte
+“<em>software</em> me burim të hapur” më mirë.</p>
+<p>
+Disa prej atyre që parapëlqyen këtë term synonin të shmangnin
ngatërrimin e
+“të lirë” me “falas”—qëllim i vlefshëm. Të
+tjerë, megjithatë, synonin të bënin mënjanë frymën e parimit që kish
+motivuar lëvizjen e <em>software</em>-it të lirë dhe projektin GNU, dhe të
+tërhiqnin më mirë përdoruesit e kategorisë biznes dhe drejtues, shumë
prej
+të cilëve kanë si ideologji atë që vendos fitimin përmbi lirinë, përmbi
+bashkësinë, përmbi parimet. Ndaj, retorika e “burimit të
hapur”
+përqendrohet te potenciali për përgatitje <em>software</em>-i të fuqishëm,
+të cilësisë së lartë, por lë mënjanë idetë e lirisë, bashkësisë,
dhe
+parimeve.</p>
+<p>
+Revistat “Linux” janë shembull i qartë i kësaj—ato janë
+plot me reklama mbi <em>software</em> pronësor që punon me GNU/Linux-in.
+Kur të nxjerrë kryet Motif-i ose Qt-ja e radhës, a do t'i sinjalizojnë
+përdoruesit këto revista që të rrinë larg prej tij, apo do të shfaqin
+reklama për të?</p>
+<p>
+Mbështetja nga biznesi mund të kontribuojë për bashkësinë në forma të
+ndryshme; po qe se faktorët e tjerë janë në barazpeshë, kjo është e
+dobishme. Por të fitosh mbështetjen e tyre duke folur më paj për lirinë
dhe
+parimet mund të jetë shkatërrimtare; e përkeqëson edhe më çekuilibrin
mes
+përhapjes dhe edukimit qytetar.</p>
+<p>
+“<em>software</em>-i i lirë” dhe “burimi i hapur”
+përshkruajnë të njëjtën kategori <em>software</em>-i, pak a shumë, por
thonë
+gjëra të ndryshme mbi <em>software</em>-in, dhe mbi vlerat. Projekti GNU
+vazhdon të përdorë termin “<em>software</em> i lirë”, për të
+shprehur idenë që rëndësi ka liria, jo teknologjia.</p>
+
+<h3>Provojeni!</h3>
+<p>
+Aforizmi i Yoda-s (“Nuk ka ‘provoje’”) tingëllon e
+qëruar, por nuk funksionon për rastin tim. Shumicën e punës time e kam
bërë
+duke qenë në ankth nëse do ia dilja dot apo jo, dhe i pasigurt nëse do të
+mjaftonte për të përmbushur qëllimin, edhe nëse ia dilja. Por, sido që
qe,
+e provova, sepse mes qytetin dhe kuçedrës nuk kish njeri tjetër veç meje.
+Duke befasuar vetveten, ca herë dola me sukses.</p>
+<p>
+Ndonjëherë nuk ia dola dot; ca nga qytetet e mia ranë. Mandej gjeta tjetër
+qytet të kërcënuar, dhe u bëra gati për një tjetër betejë. Gjatë
kësaj kohe
+mësova të shoh për rreziqe dhe të vë veten mes tyre dhe qytetit tim, duke
u
+bërë thirrje <i>hackers</i>-ave të tjerë të bëhen me mua.</p>
+<p>
+Sot, shpesh nuk jam i vetmi. Lehtësohem dhe gëzohem kur shoh një regjiment
+<i>hacker</i>-ash që hapin llogore për mbajtjen e frontit, dhe e kuptoj që
+ky qytet mund të mbijetojë—tani për tani. Por rreziqet janë përvit
e
+më të mëdhenj, dhe tani Microsoft-i e ka vënë shprehimisht në
shënjestër
+bashkësinë tonë. Nuk mund ta marrin të mirëqenë të ardhmen e lirisë.
Mos e
+merrni të mirëqenë! Po qe se doni ta ruani lirinë tuaj, duhet të jeni të
+përgatitur ta mbroni.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.sq.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Ju lutem, pyetjet për FSF & GNU-në dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
+href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhu r me</a> FSF-në. <br />
+Ju lutem, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
+artikulli, ju lutem, shihni <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për përkthimet</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Të drejta kopjimi © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010 Richard
+M. Stallman <br /> Lejohet kopjimi fjalë për fjalë dhe shpërndarja e krejt
+këtij artikulli, me çfarëdo mjeti, pa pagesë, me kusht që ky shënim të
+ruhet.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ </div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Përditësuar:
+
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:43 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Përkthime të kësaj faqeje</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
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+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bosnian -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.bs.html">bosanski</a> [bs]</li>
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
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+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
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+<li><a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.el.html">Ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
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+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.fi.html">suomi</a> [fi]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<!-- Korean -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<li><a
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+<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+</ul>
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+</html>
Index: gnu/why-gnu-linux.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/why-gnu-linux.sq.html
diff -N gnu/why-gnu-linux.sq.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/why-gnu-linux.sq.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:43 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.sq.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Pse GNU/Linux? - Projekti GNU - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.sq.html" -->
+<h2>Ã'ka në një Emër?</h2>
+
+<p><strong>nga <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can read our <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU Project</a>, which gives a
+history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates to this issue of naming, and
+our page on <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU Users Who
+Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.
+
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Emrat përcjellin kuptime; zgjedhja jonë e emrave përcakton domethënien e
+atyre që themi. Një emër i papërshtatshëm u jep njerëzve idenë e
gabuar.
+Një trëndafil, përmes çfarëdo emri tjetër, do të kishte po aq aromë të
+këndshme—por po e quajtët penë, njerëzit do të zhgënjehen kur të
+provojnë të shkruajnë me të. Dhe po i quajtët penat
+“trëndafila”, njerëzit mund të mos kuptojnë se për çfarë
hyjnë
+në punë. Po e quajtët sistemin tonë operativ Linux, kjo përcjell një
ide të
+gabuar të origjinës së sistemit, historikut dhe qëllimit të tij. Po e
+quajtët <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, kjo përcjell (por
+jo edhe aq hollësisht) një ide më të saktë.</p>
+<p>
+A ka vërtet rëndësi për bashkësinë tonë kjo? A ka rëndësi në e dinë
a jo
+njerëzit origjinën e sistemit, historikun dhe qëllimin e tij?
Po—ngaqë
+njerëzit që harrojnë historinë shpesh janë të dënuar ta përsërisin
atë.
+Bota e Lirë që është zhvilluar rreth <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> nuk e ka të garantuar
+mbijetesën; problemet që na shpunë drejt zhvillimit të GNU-së nuk janë
+eleminuar krejtësisht, dhe na kërcënojnë me kthimin e tyre.</p>
+
+<p>
+Kur shpjegoj pse është e saktë të quhet sistemi operativ GNU/Linux në vend
+se Linux, njerëzit ngandonjëherë përgjigjen kështu:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em> Duke pranuar që Projekti GNU meriton hakën për këtë vepër, a ia vlen
+zhurma në rastet kur njerëzit nuk ia japin hakën? A nuk është gjëja e
+rëndësishme fakti që u bë puna, jo kush e bëri? Rehatohuni, krenohuni me
+punën e mbaruar bukur, dhe mos çani kryet për hakën. </em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+Kjo do të ishte këshillë e urtë, sikur gjendja të ishte e
tillë—sikur
+puna të qe kryer e të kish ardhur koha për t'u rehatuar. Sikur të qe e
+vërtetë! Por sfidat bulojnë, dhe nuk është koha për ta marrë të
ardhmen si
+të garantuar. Forca e bashkësisë sonë është te përkushtimi ndaj
lirisë dhe
+bashkëpunimit. Përdorimi i emrit <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> është një mënyrë që
njerëzit
+t'i kujtojnë vetes dhe t'ua mësojnë edhe të tjerëve këto qëllime.</p>
+
+<p>
+Shkrimi i <em>software</em>-eve të lirë të mirë mund të bëhet edhe pa
pasur
+GNU-në në mendje; shumë punë e mirë është bërë në emër të Linux-it
+gjithashtu. Por termi “Linux”, qëkur u konceptua, është
+përshoqëruar me një filozofi që nuk i përkushtohet lirisë së
bashkëpunimit.
+Ngaqë emri po përdoret gjithnjë e më shumë nga biznesi, do ta kemi edhe
më
+shumë problem ta bëjmë të lidhet me frymën e bashkësisë.</p>
+
+<p>
+Një sfidë e fortë i vjen të ardhmes së <em>software</em>-it të lirë nga
+prirja e shoqërive që shpërndajnë “Linux” për shtim
+<em>software</em>-i jo të lirë te <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, në emër të leverdisë dhe
+fuqisë. Këtë e bëjnë krejt zhvilluesit e shpërndarjeve të mëdhaja
+komerciale; asnjë nuk e kufizon veten te <em>software</em>-i i lirë.
+Shumica e tyre nuk i identifikojnë qartë paketat jo të lira në
shpërndarjet
+e tyre. Mjaft prej tyre madje edhe zhvillojnë <em>software</em> jo të lirë
+dhe ia shtojnë atë sistemit. Disa e teprojnë duke reklamuar sisteme
+“Linux” që janë “licensed per seat”, çka i jep
+përdoruesit po aq liri sa Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+Njerëzit përpiqen ta përligjin shtimin e <em>software</em>-it jo të lirë
në
+emër të “popullaritetit të Linux-it”—duke vlerësuar, në
+fakt, popullaritetin më shumë se lirinë. Ndonjëherë kjo pranohet haptaz.
+Për shembull, Wired Magazine shkruante se Robert McMillan, kryeredaktor i
+Linux Magazine-s, “ka ndjesinë se zhvendosja drejt
+<em>software</em>-it me burim të hapur duhet ushqyer nga vendime teknike, më
+tepër se sa ato politike.” Dhe <acronym title="Chief Executive
+Officer">CEO-ja</acronym> i Caldera-s i ka ftuar hapur përdoruesit të hedhin
+tej qëllimin e lirisë dhe të punojnë më mirë drejt “popullaritetit
të
+Linux-it”.</p>
+
+<!--Link is dead
+<a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html";>
+(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html.)</a>
+-->
+<p>
+Shtimi i <em>software</em>-it jo të lirë te sistemi <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> mund të rrisë popullaritetin,
+nëse me popullaritet nënkuptohet numri i njerëzve që përdorin diçka prej
<a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>-it të ndërthurur me
+<em>software</em> jo të lirë. Por në të njëjtën kohë, heshtaz nxitet
+bashkësia të pranojë <em>software</em>-in jo të lirë si gjë të mirë,
dhe të
+harrohet synimi i lirisë. Nuk është mirë të shtosh shpejtësinë, kur
nuk rri
+dot brenda rrugës.</p>
+
+<p>
+When the nonfree “add-on” is a library or programming tool, it
+can become a trap for free software developers. When they write free
+software that depends on the nonfree package, their software cannot be part
+of a completely free system. Motif and Qt trapped large amounts of free
+software in this way in the past, creating problems whose solutions took
+years. Motif remained somewhat of a problem until it became obsolete and
+was no longer used. Later, Sun's nonfree Java implementation had a similar
+effect: the <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</a>, fortunately
+now mostly corrected.</p>
+
+<p>
+Nëse bashkësia jonë vazhdon të shkojë në këtë drejtim, kjo do të mund
ta
+ridrejtonte të ardhmen e <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>-it
+për nga një mozaik përbërësish të lirë dhe jo të lirë. Si sot e
pesë vjetë
+të ardhshëm, sigurisht do të kemi plot <em>software</em> të lirë; por
nëse
+nuk jemi të kujdesshëm, zor se do të jetë i përdorshëm pa ca
+<em>software</em> jo të lirë, të cilin përdoruesit presin ta gjejnë aty.
Po
+ndodhi kjo, fushata jonë për liri do të ketë dështuar.</p>
+
+<p>
+If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming, solving
+future problems might become easier as our community's development resources
+increase. But we face obstacles that threaten to make this harder: laws
+that prohibit free software. As software patents mount up, and as laws like
+the <acronym title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> are
+used to prohibit the development of free software for important jobs such as
+viewing a DVD or listening to a RealAudio stream, we will find ourselves
+with no clear way to fight the patented and secret data formats except to
+<strong>reject the nonfree programs that use them</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Përballimi i këtyre sfidave do të dojë shumë përpjekje llojesh të
ndryshëm.
+Por ajo që na duhet mbi të gjitha, për t'u ndeshur me çfarëdo lloj sfide,
+është mbajtja mend e qëllimit të lirisë për bashkëpunim. Nuk mund të
+presësh që dëshira e thjeshtë për <em>software</em> të fuqishëm, të
+besueshëm, motivojë njerëzit të bëjnë përjekje të mëdhaja. Na duhet
ajo
+lloj vendosmërie që njerëzit e kanë kur luftojnë për lirinë e tyre dhe
për
+bashkësinë e tyre—vendosmërinë për të vazhduar me vite e për të
mos
+hequr dorë.</p>
+
+<p>
+In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from the
+GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community as
+something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of
+“Linux” normally don't say this. The magazines about
+“Linux” are typically full of ads for nonfree software; the
+companies that package “Linux” add nonfree software to the
+system; other companies “support Linux” by developing nonfree
+applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups for “Linux”
+typically invite salesman to present those applications. The main place
+people in our community are likely to come across the idea of freedom and
+determination is in the GNU Project.</p>
+
+<p>
+Por kur njerëzit i hasin, do ta ndjejnë që ka lidhje me ta?</p>
+
+<p>
+Njerëzit që e dinë se po përdorin një sistem që ka dalë nga Projekti GNU
+mund të pikasin një marrëdhënie të drejtpërdrejtë mes tyre dhe GNU-së.
Nuk
+do të pajtohen vetvetiu me filozofinë tonë, por të paktën do të shohin
një
+arsye për të menduar seriozisht rreth saj. Përkundrazi, njerëzit që e
+konsiderojnë vetveten “përdoruesa të Linux-it”, dhe besojnë se
+Projekti GNU “përgatiti mjetet që dolën të dobishme në Linux”,
+zakonisht perceptojnë vetëm një marrëdhënie të tërthortë mes tyre dhe
+GNU-së. Ata thjesht mund ta shpërfillin filozofinë e GNU-së, kur e
ndeshin.</p>
+
+<p>
+Projekti GNU është idealist, dhe cilido që nxit idealizëm sot përballet me
+një pengesë të madhe: ideologjia sunduese i nxit njerëzit ta hedhin tej
+idealizmin si “jopraktik”. Idealizmi ynë ka qenë tejet
+praktikal: është arsyeja pse kemi një sistem operativ të lirë, <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>. Njerëzit që e duan këtë
+sistem do të duhej ta dinin që është idealizmi ynë i shndërruar në
diçka të
+prekshme.</p>
+
+<p>
+Sikur “puna” të kish mbaruar vërtet, sikur të mos bëhej fjalë
+për gjë tjetër veç falënderimeve, ndoshta do të qe më e mençur të
lihej të
+tretej çështja. Por nuk jemi në atë pozicion. Për të frymëzuar
njerëzit të
+bëjnë punën që duhet bërë, kemi nevojë të njihet ajo që kemi bërë
deri
+këtu. Ju lutemi, na ndihmoni, duke e quajtur sistemin operativ <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.sq.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Ju lutem, pyetjet rreth FSF-së & GNU-së dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
+href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në. <br /> Ju
+lutem, lidhjet e dëmtuara, këshillat ose ndreqjet e tjera dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
+artikulli, ju lutem, shihni <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për përkthimet</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Të drejta kopjimi © 2000, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman <br /> Lejohet
+kopjimi fjalë për fjalë dhe shpërndarja e krejt këtij artikulli, me
çfarëdo
+mjeti, pa pagesë, me kusht që ky shënim të ruhet.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ </div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Përditësuar:
+
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:43 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Përkthime të kësaj faqeje</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">català</a> [ca]</li>
+<!-- Czech -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- Greek -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fa.html">فارسی</a> [fa]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Korean -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">română</a> [ro]</li>
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<li><a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sr.html">српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.zh-cn.html
diff -N philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.zh-cn.html 8 Jul 2010 08:26:54
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>对çæç误解 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>对çæç误解—ä¸ç³»åçé误</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+<p>ä½è
:<a href="http://stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+å¨çæé¢åï¼æ£å¨åççä¸äºå¥æªå¹¶ä¸å±é©çäºæ
ãæ
¹æ®ç¾å½å®ªæ³ï¼çæçåå¨æ¯ä¸ºäºè®©é£äºè¯»ä¹¦ï¼å¬é³ä¹ï¼ççµå½±ææ¯ç¨è½¯ä»¶çç¨æ·åçï¼èé为äºåºçåãåè¡åæä½è
ãçææ³å¾ä¸çç§ç§çº¦æé½æ¯å·ç§°â为ç¨æ·çæ³âï¼ä¸è¿ç°å®ä¸ï¼äººä»¬å´ä¸æå°æç»ãè¿æçè¿äºæç¼ãé¢å¯¹å
¬ä¼çåæï¼ç¾å½æ¿åºåè继ç»å¢å éå¶ï¼ç¨æ°ç严åé
·æ³æ¥æå大ä¼ï¼ä»¥ä¾¿è®©ä»ä»¬å¬è¯ã</p>
+<p>
+çææ¿çä½ä»¥åå±å°å¦æ¤ï¼ä»¥è³äºä¸å®çåè¡·èéèé©°ï¼
èæ们å该å¦ä½è®©å
¶åå½æ£éï¼ è¦ç解è¿äºï¼æ们å¿
须追æ¬æº¯æºï¼æ¥ççç¾å½çææ³çåºç¡ï¼ç¾å½å®ªæ³ã</p>
+
+<h3>ç¾å½å®ªæ³ä¸ççææç»´</h3>
+<p>
+èµ·èç¾å½å®ªæ³æ¶ï¼âä½è
ç¬äº«å
¶ä½åççæâè¿ä¸è§ç¹è¢«æåºæ¶å°±éå°äºå对ãäºæ¯ç¾å½çç«å½è
éç¨äºä¸ä¸ªå®å
¨ä¸åçåæ ââ
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¬ä¼å°±ææå¾å°ä»ä»¬æ³è¦çã</p>
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¬ä¼å¯¹äºä½¿ç¨æ°åææ¯çéæ±ãæ¾ç¶ï¼åºçåä¼å对è¿äºå»ºè®®ï¼è®¤ä¸ºå®ä»¬æ¯“çé¢ç”ãä»ä»¬ä¹è®¸ä¼å¨è说ï¼è¿ä¹ä¸å»å°±å¸¦çä»ä»¬çä¸æ½ä½åå家ãä½ä»ä»¬æå¤ä¹å°±æ¯å¨å¨å£èï¼ä¸ä¼ççæ¾å¼åå¸ä½åãå
为å³ä¾¿è¿ä¹åï¼åºçåä¾ç¶æå©å¯å¾ï¼ä»ä»¬ä¹å«æ³ç©åºè±æ
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¬å¸ä¼å¨åç¨æ·è¾¾æçæç»è®¸å¯åè®®ä¸ä¿®æ¹å®ãå¿
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çææ³ä¸æ²¡ææ¶åçéå¶ãç¾å½çæ³å¾ä½ç³»è§å®ï¼å¯ä»¥å¯¹è¿äºæ
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æå®ï¼å¹¶å¨è®¢ç«ååæ¶æªä¸æ¶è´¹è
ååçæ¡æ¬¾ï¼ååºä½ç§ç¨åº¦çéå¶ã </p>
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+ææ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶è®¾è®¡äººåï¼å¹¶éæ³å¾ä¸ä¸çå¦è
ãæä¹æ以å
³æ³¨çæï¼æ¯å 为å¨è®¡ç®æºç½ç»é¢åä¸ï¼çæé®é¢ä¸å¯é¿å
<a
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³æ³¨é£äºå³å°è¢«å¥å¤ºçèªç±ãèä½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªä½è
ï¼ææ´æèµæ
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çç²é¥°ç¥åãåºçå对ä½è
çé¼å¹å¤¸å¤§ï¼ä¸è¿æ¯ä¸ºäºè½å¤æ©å¼ èªå·±çæåãç®çè¾¾æï¼å
æ»çç¹ï¼ä½è
å°ä¸å¾ä¸æä½åçæ转让ç»åºçåã</p>
+<p>
+æä¸ææ¶åçäºå®ï¼ä½ é½å¯ä»¥å»æ¥è¯ï¼å
¶ä¸çæ¨ç论è¯ï¼ä¹å¯ä»ç»æ¨æ²ãä½
æ´å¯ä»¥æåºèªå·±çè§ç¹æè§ãä½è¯·ä½
è³å°å¬è¿æè¿å¥è¯ï¼æï¼ä½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªä½è
ï¼æ²¡æä»»ä½èµæ
¼å¯ä»¥å驾äºä½ 们ä¹ä¸ãåè¥ä½
æ¿ä¸ºæçä»åºå¥èµæäºä»ä¹ï¼æä¼è¯ææ谢并欣ç¶æ¥å—ç¶èï¼è¯·æ¶å»ç¢è®°ï¼åå¿å
为ä½è
çè¿äºä»åºï¼èè½»æå°ä½ 们èªå·±çèªç±æ±æç¸è®©ã</p>
+
+<h4>è注</h4>
+<ol>
+<li>
+<a
+id="footnote1"></a>该æ³æ¡åæ¥éå½å为CBDTPAãè¿æ好解é为“ä¹°å§ï¼ä¸è¿å«æ³ä¿®æ¹ä»ä¹”３Consume,
+But Don't Try Programming
+Anything”ï¼ãå½ç¶ï¼å®æ¹ç称å¼æ¯“æ¶è´¹è
宽带åæ°åçµè§ä¿è¿æ³”</li>
+<li>
+<a id="footnote2"></a>å¦æéè¦ä»ä¹å¸®å©ï¼å¯ä»¥è®¿é®ï¼ <a
+href="http://publicknowledge.org";>publicknowledge.org</a> å <a
+href="http://www.eff.org";>www.eff.org</p></a></li>
+<li>
+<a id="footnote3"></a>å½åæ大ç计ç®æºç½ç»å°±æ¯èåçå
ç¹ç½ã</li>
+</ol>
+
+<hr />
+<h4>æ¬æå表äº<a
+href=<"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-societ";><cite>èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼èªç±ç¤¾ä¼ï¼Richard
+Stallmanæé</cite></a></h4>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<b>è¯æ³¨</b>
+<ol>
+<li id="TransNote1">æå°è®¸å¯ååï¼å³Shrink Wrap
+Licenseãå¤è§äºè½¯ä»¶é¢åï¼ä¸æ¦ç¨æ·æå¼è½¯ä»¶æå¤å±å
è£
ççå¡å°å
ï¼Shrink
+Wrapï¼ï¼å°±è¡¨ç¤ºç¨æ·æ¥åäºè½¯ä»¶ç许å¯è¯ãå¼ç³ä¸ºæç§ååï¼åè®®æå
¶å®æ¡æï¼åªæå¨ç¨æ·æå¼äº§åå
è£
åæè½çå°ï¼å¹¶ä¸ä¸æ¦æå¼å
è£
ï¼å°±æå³çæ¥åå
¶ä¸çæ¡æ¬¾ã</li>
+<li
+id="TransNote2">åç使ç¨ï¼æ¯æå¨æäºæ
åµä¸ï¼æ³å¾å
许èªç±ä½¿ç¨çæä½åèä¸å¿
å¾å¾çæææ人çåæï¼ä¹ä¸å¿
åçæææè
æ¯ä»æ¥é
¬çæ
å½¢ãæå©ç©·ç«ååï¼æ¯æçæææ人æå
¶ææ人åé æå¶é
çä½åï¼å¨ç¬¬ä¸æ¬¡ææ¾å¸åºåï¼æå©äººå³ä¸§å¤±äºå¯¹å®çæ§å¶æãä¹å°±æ¯è¯´æå©ç©·ç«äºãæ¯å¦ï¼ç¨æ·è´ä¹°äºæåççææºï¼å½ç¨æ·å°è¯¥ææºå次åºå®ç»ä»äººçæ¶åï¼åä¸å¿
åçæææè
交纳费ç¨ã</li>
+<li id="TransNote3">æ°å
.å伦èï¼åç¾å½çµå½±åä¼ï¼MPAAï¼ä¸»å¸ãä»æ¾è¯´è¿ï¼åè¥è¦ç»çæå
个æéï¼é£ä¹å°±è¯¥æ¯forever less
+one dayãè¿å¥è¯æºèªä¸ä¸ªè±è¯çä¿è¯ï¼forever and a
+dayãç´è¯ä¸ºâæ¯æ°¸è¿å¤ä¸å¤©âãç±äºç¾å½å®ªæ³è¦æ±çæåºè¯¥ææéï¼å
æ¤æ°å
å¨è¿éå°åå¥æ¹ä¸ºâæ¯æ°¸è¿å°ä¸å¤©âã</li>
+<li
+id="TransNote4">Naspterï¼æ©æçP2Pé³ä¹å
±äº«ç¨åºã使å¾ç¨æ·å¯ä»¥å
è´¹å°ä¸ç½ç»ä¸å
¶å®äººå
±äº«é³ä¹æ件ãå 触ç¯äºå±çå
¬å¸çå©çï¼è被åä¸æ³åºã并被迫ååºè°æ´ã</li>
+<li id="TransNote5">åå¥ä¸ºâit will be the only game in
+townâãç´è¯ä¸ºâè¿ä¹å°æ¯å
¨åå¯ä¸ç游æâã表示åºçå没æå«çéæ©ãâThe only game in
+townâæ¯ä¸æ¬ç
éçå¿ç«¥å°è¯´ï¼å¨ç¾å½åºçäº1988å¹´ã</li>
+</ol>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+èç³»GNUæFSFï¼è¯·åé®ä»¶è³<a
href="address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ä¹å¯éè¿<a
+href="/contact/">å
¶ä»æ¹å¼</a>èç³»æ们ã<br />请å°åé¾æ¥æå
¶ä»æè§æ建议åéè³<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç<a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯æå</a>ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+çæææ © 2002, 2003, 2007 èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼.
+</p>
+<p>å
许åç§å½¢å¼çåæ转载ï¼ä½éä¿ççæ声æåæ¬å£°æã
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Deng, Nan</div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+æ´æ°ï¼
+
+$Date: 2010/07/08 08:26:54 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>å
¶ä»è¯è¨</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.es.html">español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Turkish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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